必修5Unit 5 First Aid第四课时 语言学习(二) ━━省略。
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第四课时语言学习(二)━━省略
第一步作业检查
1．Remindstudentsofwhattheylearntinthelastperiod.
2．Getstudentstoreadouttheirdialogueorshortpassageinfrontoftheclass.
第二步查找探究
1.Page37Exercise1.Askstudentstoworkingroupsoffourtofindout（1）thedifferencesbetweenSentencesAandB;（2）whichsentenceisbetter;（3）whyitisbetter.Haveeachgroupchooseastudenttopresenttheirviewstotheclass.
2．Askstudentstofindouttheellipsissentencesfromthereadingpart.
3.Getstudentstoworkinpairstodiscusswhichpartofspeechisommited.
第三步理解归纳
省略
莎士比亚曾经说过：Brevityisthesoulofwit.（言以简为贵）。为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语，甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略。
一、省略的目的
省略多见于非正式文体，尤其在对话中，省略是一种普遍的现象。英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的：
1．避免重复，减少累赘
省略的主要目的是避免重复，去掉不必要的累赘和繁琐。
Mikesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidntcometoschooltoseemethenextday.
Mikesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidnt.
迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是他并没有来。
（省掉最后九个词，句子简洁了许多）
2．连接紧密，结构紧凑
省略也是使上下文紧密连接的一种修辞手段。
Johnwasthewinnerin1994andBobin1998.
约翰是1994年的获胜者，鲍勃是1998年的获胜者。
（Bob后省略了wasthewinner，句子结构显得比较紧凑）
3．强调重点，突出信息
省略的另一作用是突出新的信息
Truthspeakstoolow,hypocrisytooloud.真理讲话声太低，虚伪讲话声太高。
（后一分句省略谓语speaks，突出了tooloud）
二、句子成分的省略
为了避免重复，或者为了使某一内容引人注目，可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变。
1．省略主语
Begyourpardon.请你原谅。
（=Ibegyourpardon.））
Servesyouright.你活该
（=Itservesyouright.）
2．省略谓语
Anythingthematter?要紧吗？
（=Isanythingthematter?）
Theriverwasdeepandtheicethin.河很深，冰很薄。
（=Theriverwasdeepandtheicewasthin.）
3．省略表语
Areyouready?Yes,Iam.
你准备好了吗？我准备好了。
（am后面省略了表语ready）
4．省略宾语
Wehavetoanalyzeandsolveproblems.
我们必须分析问题并解决问题。
(analyze后省略了宾语problems)
Letsdothedishes.Illwashandyoulldry.
我们洗碗吧，我来洗，你来揩干。
（wash和dry后面省略了宾语dishes）
5．省略定语
Hespentpartofthemoney,andtheresthesaved.
他花了一部分钱，其余的都存了起来。
（therest后面省略了定语ofthemoney）
6．省略状语
（Even）Thewisestmancannotknoweverything.
即使最聪明的人也不可能无所不知。
省略在句子中的应用
在一个句子中，省略可分为依赖上下文省略和不依赖上下文省略两种。前者省略的部分可在句子中找到，但后者可能找不到。
1．简单句中的省略
依赖上下文的省略在对话中最为常用。
Likemorebeer?
再要点啤酒吗？
（=Wouldyoulikemorebeer?）
—WorldyoumindifIusedyourtelephone?
用一下你的电话，你介意吗？
—Notatall.一点也不。
（=Idonotmindatall.）
—Willhepassthisexamination?
他这次考试会通过吗？
—Probably.大概会的。
（=Hewillprobablypasstheexamination.）
不依赖于上下文的省略。
Allaboard!请上船。
（=Allgoaboard.省略谓语）
Haventseenyouforages!
好久不见了！（省略主语I）
Whatabouthavingagameofchess?
下盘棋怎么样？
Soundslikeagoodidea.
听上去是个好主意。
2．并列句中的省略
（=Itsoundslikeagoodidea.省略主语）
Everybodyappearswellprepared.
看起来大家都准备好了。
（=Everybadyappearstobewellprepared.省略不定式tobe）
并列句中如果前后分句有相同的部分，常常可以省略掉，以避免重复。通常被省略的可以是主语、谓语、宾语或其他万分，或句子万分的一部分。
省略出现在后一分句
Johnlikescollectingstampsbut(John)hateslisteningtomusic.
约翰喜欢集邮但不喜欢听音乐。（省略主语）
省略出现在前一分句
Wecan(wintomorrowsmatch),andcertainlywill,wintomorrowsmatch.
我们能够，而且一定会在明天的比赛中获胜。（前一分句省略谓语+宾语）
前后两个分句都出现省略
Theycan(paythefullfee)and(they)shouldpaythefullfee.
复合句中的省略
在主从复合句中，活力的现象是很普遍的。
省略主句的句首部分。
（Im）SorryIcouldntgo.
很抱歉，我不能去。
省略整个主句或主句的一部分（回答问题时常用）。
（Itisa）Pityhesfailed.
很遗憾，他失败了。
Ifhesayshellcome,hewill(come).
3．在一些状语从句中，如果谓语动词是be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是it，常常可以把从句中的主语和be省略掉。
以when,while,once,until等连词引导的时间状语从句。
When(youare)inRomedoasRomedoes.
入国问禁，入乡随俗。
4．在比较从句中通常把和主句重复的部分省掉。
省略谓语的全部
JamesenjoysthetheeartremorethanSusun.
詹姆斯比苏姗更喜欢戏剧。
TomhasasmanybooksasJack.
汤姆有跟杰克一样多的书。
省略主语和谓语的一部分
BrownspeaksFrenchasfluentlyasEnglish.
布朗说法语和英语一样流利。（as后省略了hespeaks）
省略表语部分
MrsWhiteisnotsoyoungasshelooks.
怀特夫人没有看上去那样年轻。（looks后省略了young）
省略主语和谓语的大部分，保留状语
Heisworkingharderthanbefore.
他现在工作比过去努力多了。（than后省略了heworkedhard）
省略主语
Hedrankalittlemorethanwasgoodforhim.
他喝酒稍有一点过量。（than后省略了it）
省略宾语
YouspentmoremoneythanIhadexpected.
你花掉的钱比我预料的多。
（expected后省略了thatyoushouldspend）
省略从句的全部
Youaregettingslimmer.
你越来越苗条了。（simmer后省略了thanyouwerebefore）
主句和从句中可同时省略一些成分。
Thesooner(thisisdone),thebetter(itwillbe).
第四步巩固应用（四人小组活动竞赛）
Page37.Usingstructures
Exercise2
1.Askstudentstoworkinpairsoffour.
2.Givethemfiveminutestofinishthework.
Exercise2
1.Givethemfiveminutestofinishthework.
2.Twoinpairsexchangeandtalkabouttheiranswers.
3.Teachergivesthekeys.
第五步随堂小测
一、单项选择：
1.Oneofthesidesoftheboardshouldbepaintedyellow,and______.
A.theotheriswhiteB.anotherwhite
C.theotherwhiteD.anotheriswhite
2.—Writetomewhenyougethome,
—______.
A.ImustB.IshouldC.IwillD.Ican
3.—Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.
—Imeant______,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn’tfindheranywhere.
A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingso
4.When______,themuseunwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.
A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted
5.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasifwhetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.
A.seeingB.havingseenC.tohaveseenD.tosee
6.—Yourcoffeesmellsgreat!
—ItsfromMexico.Wouldyoulike______?
A.itB.someC.thisD.little
7.______Theboysarenotdoingagoodjobatall,arethey?
A.IguessnotsoB.IdontguessC.IdontguesssoD.Iguessnot
8.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse______andalotofthings______.
A.hasbrokeninto,hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto,hadbeenstolen
C.hasbeenbrokeninto,stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto,stolen
9.Thepianosintheothershopwillbe______,but______.
A.cheaper,notasbetterB.morecheap,notasbetter
C.cheaper,notasgoodD.morecheap,notasgood
10.Johngivesmemorehelpthan.
A.TomisB.TomhasC.TomdoesD.Tomgives
11.—Iusuallygotherebytrain.
—Whynot______byboatforachange?
A.totrygoingB.tryingtogo
C.totryandgoD.trygoing
12.—Illbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?
—Notatall______.
A.IvenotimeB.IdrathernotC.IdlikeitD.Idbehappyto
13.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.
A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto
14.Dr.BlackcomesfromeitherOxfordorCambridge,butIcantremember______.
A.whereB.thereC.whichD.that
15.—Nancyisnotcomingtonight.
—Butshe______?
A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised
16.______thetemperature,______waterturnsintosteam.
A.Thehigh,thefastB.Higher,faster
C.Themorehigher,thefasterD.Thehigher,thefaster
17.I______andwillneverasksuchasillyquestion.
A.haveneverB.neverC.haveneveraskedD.neverasked
18.—Doyouthinkit’sgoingtorainovertheweekend?
—______.
A.IdontbelieveB.Idontbelieveit
C.IbelievenotsoD.Ibelievenot
19.Dontspeakallatonce!______,please.
A.EachatonetimeB.OnebyonetimeC.OneforeachtimeD.Oneatatime
20.—Dontforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.
—______.
A.IdontB.IwontC.IcantD.Ihavent
KEYS：
CCBADBDDCCDDACBDCDDB
第六步布置作业
复习语法省略句。
延伸阅读
必修5Unit 5 First Aid 第二课时 整体阅读
第二课时整体阅读
第一步作业检查
Askstudentstotellwhattheyhavefoundthroughthenet.
Askstudentestomakealistofmaterialsoffirstaidkit.
第二步导入新课
Askstudentstolookatthepictureandanswerthequestionsinpre–reading.
1.Whathashappenedinthispicture?
（Thelittlegirlhaspulledboilingwaterontoherself.）
2.Whatsortofinjureswillsheget?
（Shewillhavebadburns.）
3.Whatshouldthemotherdo?Canyougivehersomeadvice?
第三步预测文章内容
2.Askthestudentstoreadthetitle“FirstAidforBurns”andlookatthepictures,thenguesswhatthepassagemaybeabout.
Askoneortwostudentstogivetheirpointofview.
第四步阅读文章
Fastreading
1.Givestudentsoneminutetoscanthepassage,thenanswer:Howmanypartsarementioned?Whatarethey?
TheNewCoursefocusesontheSsabilitiestogatherinformation；dealwithinformation；solveproblemsandtheabilitiestothinkandexpressinEnglish.Itfirstintroducestheimportanceoftheskintoourbody,thenintroducestypesofburns,characteristicsofburnsandcertainstepsoffirstaidtreatments.Itishopedthatthroughthepassage,theSswillknowhowtoperformfirstaidproceduresforburnsanddofirstaidcalmlyduringanemergency.
2.Howistheinformationorganizedwithintheheadingsoftypesofburnsandcharacteristicsofburns.
Theinformationisorganizedaccordingtothetypesofburns:firstdegree,seconddegree,thirddegreeburns.
3.DoEx1onPage35:
Intensivereading
1.DoEx2onPage35.Askstudentstotellfromwhichparttheanswerscanbefound.
（Characteristicsofburns.）
2.Answersomequestions:
Whyisskinveryimportanttoourbody?
(Skinprotectsusagainstdieases,poisonsandthesunharmfulrays；keepsuswarmorcool；preventsourbodyfromlosingwater；itgivesyousenceoftouch.)
Whyshouldyouputcoldwateronaburn?
(Thecoolwaterstopstheburningprocess,stopsthepainandpreventsorreducesswelling.)
Whydosentathirddegreeburnthurtmuch?
(Becausethenervesmaybedamaged.)
3.ReadthepartwiththeheadingofFirstaidtreatmentandmakealistofdosanddonts.
Dos
Coolburnswithrunningwater.
Takeofftheclothingandjewellerynearburns.
Placecool,clean,wetclothonthefirst,seconddegreeburns.
Drytheburnedareagently.
Covertheburnedareawithdry,cleanbandgeandholditinplacewithtape.
Donts
Takeoffcolthingstucktotheburn.
Putcoldwateronthethirddegreeburns.
Rubtheburns,breaktheblisters.
Putbutter,oil,ointmentsonburns.
Detailedreading.
1.Readthetextagainandtelltrueorfalse.Theskinisthelargestorganofourbody.
1)Theskinisthelargestorganofourbody.
2)Ifapersongetsathirddegreeburn,hewillfeelgreatpain.
3)Sunburnjustbelongstothefirstdegreeburn.
4)Takeoffclothingandjewellerynearburns.
5)Ifapersongetsathirddegreeburn,hemustcoolburnsimmediatelywithcoolbutnoticywaterandthengotoseeadoctor.
Keys:1.T;2.F;3.F;4.T;5.F.
2.AskthestudentstodoExercise3onPage36andexchangetheirinformationinpairs.
第五步作业布置
1.Learnthetextbyheartandtrytofindoutsomeimportantordifficultwordsandexpressions.
2.Writeashortsummaryofthepassage.
3.Preview“LearningaboutLanguage—Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions”.
必修5Unit 1 Great Scientists语言学习课
第一步检查作业
1.提问学生上节课所学的知识点。
2.Letstudentsretellthetextinthefirstperson.
3.Lettwostudentsgivetheirtalksontheirchosenscientisttotheclass.
第二步导入语法
翻译下列句子并注意过去分词的用法：
1.MostofthescientistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAmerica.
2.Harvard,foundedin1636,isoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.
3.Yourmotherisverydisappointedwithyou.
4.Thetopofthemountainiscoveredwithsnow.
让学生知道前两个句子中过去分词是作定语，后两个句子中过去分词是作表语，从而引出过去分词作定语和表语的教学。
第三步讲解过去分词作定语和表语的用法
过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。它在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。这节课讲解作定语、表语的用法。
1.作定语
作定语的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语，一般放在被修饰词的后面。例如：
Therearemanyfallenleavesontheground.
Thisisabookwrittenbyaworker.
2.作表语
过去分词作表语,多表示主语所处的状态。
Iwaspleasedatthenews.
Thedoorremainedlocked.
过去分词作表语，相当于形容词，常见的有：
delighted,disappointed,astonished,interested,satisfied,surprised,tired,worried,excited,married等。
过去分词作表语时，应注意与被动结构的区别。系表结构说明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点；被动结构强调谓语动作。
Thesmallvillageissurroundedbytrees.（状态）
Thesmallvillagewassoonsurroundedbyenemysoldiers.（动作）
Iminterestedinchess.（状态）
第四步语法练习
FinishDiscoveringusefulstructuresExcercises1,2excitingB.excited;excited
C.excited;excitingD.exciting;excited
2.Thedoorremained________.
A.lockedB.tolockC.lockingD.lock
3.With________leaves________intheeartheveryyear,thesoilbecomesricherandricher.
A.falling;buryingB.fallen;buriedC.fallen;buryingD.falling;buried
4.Thecomputercenter,_____lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.
A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened
5.Ihavereadplentyofbooks________byLuXun.
A.writtenB.wroteC.writeD.writing
6.—Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?
—Thekey_____theproblemistomeetthedemand_____bythecustomers.(北京2002)
A.tosolving;makingB.tosolving;made
C.tosolve;makingD.tosolve;made
Keys:1-6DABDAB
第七步词汇学习
FinishLearningaboutlanguageonpage4.
第八步作业布置
1.FinishUsingwordsandexpressionsonpage42.
2.FinishUsingstructuresonpage44.
3.RecitethesentenceswiththepastparticiplesintheReading.
必修5Unit 5 First Aid第五课时 听说课(二)
第五课时听说课(二)
第一步检查作业
检查省略句的掌握情况。
第二步听力训练（一）
Page39
1.ReadthroughthewordslistedinEx1andmakesurethatstudentsunderstandthemeaningofthem.
2.AskstudentstolookatthefourpicturesinEx2andgivetheirownadvice,sothattheycangetfamiliarwiththelisteningpassage.
3.Askstudentstolistentothetape,trytogettheinstructionsandcheckthemwithwhattheyhavelisted.
第三步听力训练（二）
Listening(Page73)
1.ThemaincontentofthislisteningpassageisRescuebreathing.Showstudentsthepictureandask:
(1)Whatshouldyoudoifyoufindapersonwhohasstoppedbreathing?
(starthisbreathatonce)
(2)Whatdoyouthinkisthebestthingtodotomakeapersonbreatheagainwhenhecannotbreathe?
(mouth-to-mouthway)
(3)Whatshouldbepaidattentiontowhencarryingoutbreathingrescue?LookatthepicturesonPage73,canyouseewhatishappeningineachpicture?Haveadiscussionwithyourpartners,usingthefollowingwordstohelpyou.
unconscious,tobend,totilt,toroll,chest,tongue,airway,pulse,airway,neck
2.Listentothetapeandnumberthepictures.
3.Listentothetapeagainandtakenotesusingellipsis.
Sampleanswer:
1)Checkwhetherunconscious.
2)Putintorecoveryposition.
3)Checkandclearairway.
4)Checkforbreathing.
5)Blowintomouth.
6)Checkpulse.
7)Continuerescuebreathingat15breathsaminute.
8)Whenbreathingagain,putinrecoveryposition.
9)Askstudentstoactoutinpairs.
第四步口语训练
1．完成WBP74SpeakingTask，全班组讨论，组长负责记录，并向全班汇报，引导学生注意语言表达的准确性。
2.Assessment
1)Individualworkforself-assessment
Canyoutellwhatfirstaidis?
CanyouexplainwhatDRABCis?
Canyoudealwithsomecommoninjuriessuchasanimalbitesandpoisoning?
Canyoupassthetestdesignedbyyourclassmates？
Canyouusewhatyoulearnedinthisunittohelpinjuredpeople?
Haveyoulearnedthenewwordsandexpressionsinthisunit?
Whathaveyoulearnedinthisunit?
Whatareyourstrongpointsandweakpoints?
2)Groupwork:
GroupAssessment
姓名小组发言次数全班发言次数提出问题次数解答问题次数查找资料次数与人合作次数总评价
第五步布置作业
Writeashortcompositioninwhichyoutellthereaderhowtogivefirstaid.
必修5Unit 5 First Aid 第一课时 听说课（一）
第一步引入话题
1.Askstudentswhathappenedinthefourpictures.
Picture1.Agreatfirebrokeout.
Picture2.Atrafficaccidenthappened.
Picture3.Asolidergotwounded.
Picture4.Apersonwaspulledoutofariver.
2.Askstudentswhattodoinsuchsituations.
3.Askstudentshowmuchtheyknowaboutfirstaid.
4.AskstudentstoreadthedefinationandimportanceoffirstaidintheWarmingupandfillintheblanks.
Firstaidisthefirstkindof______giventosomeonewhosuddenly____________orget______beforeadoctorcanbefound.Oftenthe______or______isnotserious,thereareothertimeswhengivingfirstaidquicklycansaveonelife.
Keys：help,fallsill,injured,illness,injure.
第二步看一看猜一猜
Showthefollowingpicturestothewholeclasstoleadinthetext.
Askstudentstohaveadiscussioningroupsoffouronwhattodoinanyofthesesituations,andasksomegroupstogivetheirmeasurestothewholeclass.Teachercollectsstudentsideasandshowthemmoreinformation.
1.Asnakehasbittenhimonhisleg.
Laythepersondownandkeephimstill.Donotwashthevenomofftheskin,itwillhelpidentifythetypeofsnake.Applypressuretothebittenpartwithyourhandsandthen,assoonaspossiblewithabandagefirmlyoverthebite.Donotmovehimuntilthedoctoriscoming.
2.Shecutherarmwithsomebrokenglassandisbleedingbadly.
Putabandageonthewoundandapplypressuretoreducethebleeding
3.Hehasbadlysprainedhisankle.
Havethevictimsitdownandelevate(抬高)thefoot.Putanicepackonankletoreducethepain.Firmtheinjuredpartandcallforhelp.
4.Sheischokingonapieceoffood.
Ifthepersoncancoughorspeakorbreathe,dontdoanything.Ifyoumoveher,thefoodinherthroatmaybecausedtomoveandcompletelyblocktheairway.
Ifthepersoncannotbreatheorspeak,hithimbetweentheshoulderswithyourhandthreeoffourtimes.
5.Shehasbrokenherarm.
Donotmovethebrokenboneifpossible.Supportthebrokenarminthemostcomfortableposition.Keepthearmstillusingasling(绷带，带子)orgetthevictimtosupportthebrokenarmwiththeotherarm.Callforhelpimmediately.
6.Hehasableedingnose(anosebleed)
Getthepersontositdown,risehisheadupslightlyandgently.Putasoftthing,likehandkerchieforpaperintothenosetopreventthenosefrombleeding.
第三步听力训练(双人活动)
WBPage69Listening.
1.Thelisteningtextpresentsanemergencyphonecallinwhichawomanisaskingforanambulanceforherdaughterwhohadanaccident.Beforelistening,askstudentswhethertheyhaveeverhadtophoneanemergencynumber（police,fire,ambulance）.Elicitfromthemthesortofinformationtheywouldneedtogivetheoperator.
2.Listenforthefirsttimeandfillinthefollowingtable.
Nameofcaller!--?xml:namespaceprefix=ons="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"/--
SarahGrant
Telephonenumber
61619486
Address
12LoftStreet,EaistHorton
Whathashappened
MrsGrantsdaughterfellfromatableandmaybehasbrokenherleg.
Shehitherheadandisunconscious.
Numberofpeopleinvolved
One(MrsGrantsdaughter)
3.ListenforthesecondtimeandanswerthequestionsinEx2.
4.Askthestudentstoexchangetheirinformation.
5.Playthetapeagainforthestudentstocorrecttheiranswers.
6.Haveadiscussiononwhatshouldpeopledotogivefirstaidathomewhenemergencyhappenedandwhatshouldbeprepared.
7.Fillintheblankswithproperwords.
Manyaccidentsmay______athome.All______shouldknowfirstaidinorderto______withcommoninjurieswhichmayhappentotheirchildren.Whenapersonis______byananimal,______thewoundwithcoldrunningwaterbeforehe/sheistakentoseeadoctor.
Whenapersonis______,washandcooltheareaoftheskinunderthecoldtapforawhile.Thenputa____________drycleanclothovertheburn.Ifthepersonisbadlyburnt,takehim/hertothedoctor.Ifapersoncutshis/herfinger,cleanitandputapieceofpaperroundthe______.Everybodyshouldknowsomefirstaidinorderto______otherpeoples______.
Keys：happen,parents,deal,bitten,wash,burnt,pieceof,area,save,lives.
第四步口语活动：(双人活动)
Thepurposeofthistalkingactivityistogivestudentstheopportunitytopracticeanemergencyphonecall.Studentscanusethelisteningpassageasamodel.
1.AskstudentstolookatthepictureonPage69.
Whathashappenedinthepicture?
（Therehasbeenacarcrash.）
Whatisthemandoing?
（Heismakingaphonecall.）
Whatshouldhespeakclearlywhilemakingthephonecall?
（nameofcaller,telephonenumber,address,whathashappened,numberofpeopleinvolved）
2.Askstudentsinpairstomakeadialogeontheirown.
3.Askseveralpairstoactouttheirdialoges.Whileperforming,tellthemtostandwiththeirbackstoeachother,whichistosimulateanauthenticsituation.
第五步作业布置
1.Surfthenettosearchforcommoninjuresindailylifeandhowtodealwiththem.
2.Lookformaterialsneededtomakeafamilyfirstaidkit.
