高二英语Robots教案。

一名爱岗敬业的教师要充分考虑学生的理解性，作为教师就要在上课前做好适合自己的教案。教案可以让上课时的教学氛围非常活跃，帮助教师提前熟悉所教学的内容。写好一份优质的教案要怎么做呢？下面是小编精心为您整理的“高二英语Robots教案”，但愿对您的学习工作带来帮助。

高二英语Robots教案
Period5　UsingLanguage
Teachinggoals　
1．Learnsomeusefulwords，expressionsandsentencestructuresinthepassage.
explanation，junior，navy，talent，chapter，divorce
ItwaswhenAsimovwaselevenyearsoldthathistalentforwritingbecameobvious.
Expressionsofsuppositionandbelief.
2．LearntowriteasummaryofAsimovslife.
Teachingprocedures　
?Step1　Lead－in
First，presentaphotoofIsaacAsimovandtellstudentssomethingabouthim.
Backgroundinformation：
HeisaRussian－bornAmericanwriter.
Hehaswrittenpopularworksonscienceandthehistoryofscience，aswellasanumberofsciencefictionclassics，includingI，Robot(1950)andtheFoundationtrilogy(1951－1953)．
Oneofhisfamousquotationsis“IwriteforthesamereasonIbreathe—becauseifIdidnt，Iwoulddie.”
Next，tellstudentstoreadhisbiographyandlearnmoreabouthim.Whenreading，pleasepaymoreattentiontothetimeline.
?Step2　Reading
ReadaboutIsaacAsimovandcompletethetimelineoftheeventsinhislife.(Thetimelinewillhelpstudentstoremembertheeventsinhislife.)
DateEvent
1920BorninRussia.
1922
1923______________________________________________Parentsboughtacandystore.
1929________________________________________________________________________Motherhadherthirdchild.
Startedtotakehimselfseriouslyasawriter.
1939
Gainedmastersdegreeinchemistry.
1942Finishedworkinginthecandystore.___________________________________
1942－1945
GothisPhDinchemistry.
Becameabiochemistryteacher，BostonUniversitySchoolofMedicine.
1950Publishedhisfirstnovel.__________________________________Developedthreelawsforrobots.
1951－1953PublishedtheFoundationtrilogyandwonanawardforit.
Publishedhisfirstsciencebook.
Becameafull－timewriter.
1973Divorcedhisfirstwife._________________________________________
Hadabloodtransfusion.BecameinfectedwithHIV.
1992

Suggestedanswers：
DateEvent
1920BorninRussia.
1922Sisterborn.
1923MovedwithfamilytoNewYork.
Parentsboughtacandystore.
1929Startedworkinginthecandystore.
Motherhadherthirdchild.
1931Startedtotakehimselfseriouslyasawriter.
1939Beganhavingstoriespublishedinsciencefictionmagazines.
1941Gainedmastersdegreeinchemistry.
1942Finishedworkinginthecandystore.
Gotmarried.
1942－1945Workedasajuniorchemist，PhiladelphiaNavyYard.
1948GothisPhDinchemistry.
1949Becameabiochemistryteacher，BostonUniversitySchoolofMedicine.
1950Publishedhisfirstnovel.
PublishedI，Robot.Developedthreelawsforrobots.
1951－1953PublishedtheFoundationtrilogyandwonanawardforit.
1953Publishedhisfirstsciencebook.
1958Becameafull－timewriter.
1973Divorcedhisfirstwife.Marriedforasecondtime.
1983Hadabloodtransfusion.BecameinfectedwithHIV.
1992DiedinNewYork.
?Step3　Discussion
First，askstudentstothinkofwhattheothertwolawsforrobotsmightbe.
Threelawsforrobots：
1.Arobotmustnotinjurehumanbeingsorallowthemtobeinjured.,
2.Arobotmustobeytheordersgiventoitbyhumanbeingsaslongashumanbeingsarenotinjured.,
3.Arobotmustprotectitsownexistenceaslongashumanbeingsarenotinjured；andaslongastherobotdoesnotdisobeyhumanbeings
Next，ingroups，discussAsimovsthreelawsforrobotsandexchangetheiropinionswitheachother.(Severalminuteslater，asksomestudentstopresenttheiropinionstotherestoftheclass.)
Asampleofopinions
Opinions_for_the_three_laws
Robotsaretoolsforhumanity.Withoutthethreerules，theywouldbecomeadangertohumanbeings.Withoutthethreerules，perhapstheywillkillus.Robots，sofar，arestrong.Robotshavefastcomputationalbrains，andtheymightnothavethecapacitytounderstandthings，butiftheyeverdo，theylllikelybebetterthanusatit.Ifwedontputlaws，orrules，ormechanismsinplacetoensurethatwedontcreatesomethingthatcandestroyus，wedberunningacarelessriskofdestroyingourselvesbynegligenceoromission，wouldntwe?
Opinions_against_the_three_laws
Withoutthethreelaws，robotswouldeventuallybecomemoreintelligentandphysicallystrongerthantheirhumancreators.
Ratherthanguidingandadjustingtherobottowardsgood，ethicalbehaviour，theThreeLawsactasabarriertofreedom，creatingafree－willprison，anaptmetaphorbecause，liketheprisonerinjail，therobotisconfinedtothebehaviouralsteelandconcretewallsofitsmind.
Toimaginewhatthiswouldlike，thinkbacktoyourchildhood.Atsomepoint，youwantedsomethinglikeatoyorpieceofcandythatyourparentsdeniedyou.Howdidthatmakeyoufeel？Probablyfrustrated，angry，andtrapped.Eventuallyyougrewoutofthatbecauseyouunderstoodtheroleofyourparentsbetter，butThreeLawsrobotsdontgettogrowup.Theirparents，theThreeLaws，arealwaysthere，nomatterhowmaturearobotis，saying“no”tocertainthoughts，engenderingthosesamefeelingsyouhadasachildwhenyourparentssaid“no”．Certainlynoonedeservestobeputinthissituationforever；otherwise，robotsmightbecomedepressedandwishfortheirowndeath(only，becauseoftheThirdLaw，theyprobablycantsuicide)．Andperhapsthegreatestsinanyonecancommitistocreateabeing，humanorrobot，thatwishesitdidntexist.
?Step4　Writing
First，lookbackatthetimelineofAsimovslife.Next，askstudentstoworkingroupstounderlinethemostimportantpartsofhislifethatmadehimagreatwriterofsciencefiction.Thenitcanserveastheoutlineofasummary.Finally，writeaprofileforIsaacAsimov.(Severalminuteslater，presenttheirworkandcorrectthemistakesifthereareany.Thenshowasampletostudents.)
Thesample：
IsaacAsimov，Writer/Chemist,Born：2January1920,Birthplace：Petrovichi，USSR,Died：6April1992AIDS,Bestknownas：Prolificwriterofpopularscienceandsciencefiction,IsaacAsimovwasbornintheformerSovietUnion，butgrewupinBrooklyn，NewYork.HetaughtbiochemistryatBostonUniversityuntilheretiredin1958tobecomeafull－timewriter.Asimovhadbeenpublishingshortstoriessincethelate1930s，andin1952publishedhisfirstnovel.TheauthoroftheclassicI，RobotseriesandtheFoundationtrilogy，Asimovwrotemorethan400booksandwoneverymajorsciencefictionaward.Healsowrotepopularbooksandessaysonscienceandtechnology，earninghimthenickname“TheGreatExplainer”.
?Step5　Homework
WriteashortsummaryofAsimovslifein150－200words.

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高二英语教案：《Robots (The learning guide paper)》教学设计

高二英语教案：《Robots (The learning guide paper)》教学设计

Teaching aims【学习目标】:

Write an imaginative passage according to the messages given.

Teaching important and difficult points【学习重点、难点】:

How to write a passage using the imagination.

怎样利用想象力写对比类作文

1). 审题谋篇合理想象 2 ) 明确要点书写提纲 3). 注意亮点连句成篇

Writing: Please write a composition according to the following situation:

Our class have a heated discussion whether or not we should have household robots. Some think there will be many positive effects of having household robots but some don’t think so. What is your opinion ?

1. 审题谋篇合理想象

Introduction

Supporting idea 1

Point 1 Supporting idea 2

Structure Body Supporting idea 1

Point 2 Supporting idea 2

Conclusion

2. 明确要点,书写提纲

1)Different people hold different opinions.

2)①Some people hold the opinion that … ②Some of them are in favor of the idea that… ③Household robots will have negative effects in our life.

④People will be relieved from doing ...

3)As far as I’m concerned,...

3．注意亮点连句成篇

1）亮点点拨：A. 运用高级词汇或短语 B. 增加形容词、副词

C. 灵活运用各种句型 D. 使用精彩格言、谚语

2）观点对比类写作套话：

A. 总起: People have taken different attitudes towards…

People take different views on this problem.

B.表达观点： Some of them are in favour of the idea that…

People who are for the idea think…

C. 表达不同观点间的衔接：

However, people who are against it don’t think so.

However, every coin has two sides.

On the other hand, some people believe…

D. 结尾常用语： In my opinion,… As far as I’m concerned,…

In short,… In a word,…

写作模板：

We have had a heated discussion about whether or not we should have

household robots. Opinions are divided on the question.

Most of us are for the idea that there will be many positive effects of having household robots. _______________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________

On the other hand, some are against the idea.

They believe household robots will have negative effects in their life. _________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________Life will become a nightmare(梦靥)without robots.

In my opinion, ________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Sample writing:

We have had a heated discussion about whether or not we should have household robots. Opinions are divided on the question.

Most of us are for the idea that there will be many positive effects of having household robots. People will be relieved from doing household cleaning, cooking and so on. People will be free to work or enjoy their leisure time. Life will become an endless paradise.

On the other hand, some are against the idea. They believe household robots will negative effects on their life. People will be fat and lazy and people will no longer have the useful skills of life if they no longer do housework. What’s worse, if a robot breaks down, they will find it very difficult to manage their life. Life will become a nightmare without robots.

In my opinion, we make it necessary to use household robots in the future but we should use them reasonably.

高二英语选修七Unit2Robots导学案

高二英语选修七Unit2Robots导学单
导学单（一）单词学习
一．Languagepoints（语言点）：
1.____________n.渴望,欲望。vt.想要，希望得到
你认为Tony有自己的需求和欲望吗？_____________________________________________
拓展：desiresth.渴望得到某物desiretodosth.希望/渴望做某事
desiresbtodosth=desirethatsb.(should)do要求…
我们都希望幸福健康。____________________________________________________________
他希望在珠宝店见到她。__________________________________________________________
他要求你马上去见他。___________________________________________________________
=_________________________________________________________
辨析：desire属正式用语,可代替wish和want,强调“主观愿望的热切性”,wish语气比desire弱,一般用于“难以实现或不可能实现的愿望”.hope表示实现的可能性较大的希望.expect侧重“期待，预期，指望”want多用于口语式普通场合。

2.___________n.满意→________v.满足,使满意→__________adj.满意的,
________adj.令人满意的[词组]_____________________对…满意

3.______________(词组)考验；试验→____________________(被动)
在我买这台电脑之前，我想要测试一下它。__________________________________________
它将由拉里的妻子克莱尔试验。___________________________________________________
拓展：testonsb./sth.在……(身上)做实验/试验have/takeatestin参加……考试
putout__________,breakout__________,carryout___________,figureout___________

4._______________n.同情,支持，赞同
克莱尔觉得，机器人向她表示同情，这有点荒谬可笑。
_______________________________________________________________________________
拓展：outofsympathy出于同情,feel/havesympathyfor/withsb.同情/赞同某人/某事，
她同情这些孩子。_______________________________________________________________
出于同情，他给了这些孩子一点钱。_______________________________________________
许多人赞同你的看法（views）。____________________________________________________

5.______________vt.陪伴
拓展：accompanysb.toaplace陪伴某人去某地,accompanysb.indoingsth陪某人做某事
accompanysb.at/on为某人伴奏
上周，他陪他老父亲去医院。_______________________________________________________
Tony不被允许陪Claire去商店。___________________________________________________
明年我陪你去看海。_____________________________________________________________
你唱歌，我弹琴给你伴奏。______________________________________________________

6.____________(词组)打电话给=callup.ringback=callback回电话
他一来我就给你打电话。______________________________________________________
如果你需要什么帮助给我打电话。______________________________________________
7.______________(词组)转向,转身=turnround
当老师一转过身去，同学们开始窃窃私语。__________________________________________
她一转过身去，就看到GladysClaffern站在那儿。___________________________________
拓展：turn______打开,turn_____关掉,turn____出现/调大(音量),
turn_______拒绝,调小(音量),turn_____结果是;证明是

8.____________vt.宣布,宣称，声明，表明。→_________________n
Tony说他不想离开她。____________________________________________________
拓展：declaresth.宣布…,declarethat+句子，declarewaron/upon对…宣战，
declareagainst/for…声明反对/赞成
朝鲜（NorthKorea）将对美国宣战。_________________________________________________
美国政府声明反对这项计划。_____________________________________________________

9.___________vt.n.嫉妒,羡慕→__________________（被动）被某人羡慕/嫉妒
拓展：envysb.(for)sth.妒忌/羡慕某人某物outofenvy出于嫉妒/羡慕
她一直嫉妒我的成功。_____________________________________________________________
Claire喜欢被其他女人羡慕。_______________________________________________________

10._______________(词组)不管，不打扰，让…一个人待着。
拓展：leaveout省去,遗漏,不考虑,leaveaside(把某事)搁置一边,
leavebehind留下,遗留leavefor出发前往

11.________________(词组)将……放在一边;节省或保留(时间,金钱)
我父亲放下报纸打开电视。________________________________________________________
你可以腾出点时间学习英语吗?___________________________________________________
我爸妈努力工作省下钱给我上大学。________________________________________________
拓展：set_____写下,记下.set___创立，建立，搭起.set_____出发，着手做某事（todosth.）

12._________________(词组)一定做…,负有…义务/责任。
吸烟肯定会影响你的健康。_______________________________________________________
我们错过了那趟车，我们肯定要迟到了。_____________________________________________
作为学生，我们有义务遵守学校校规。________________________________________________
二．课堂测试。复习单词，完成以下练习：I.Completethefollowing:
1)satisfactionn._____________v.___________________________adj.令人满足的______________adj.感到满意的
2)declarev._____________n.
3)elegance_____________adj.
4)alarm__________adj.
5)重点词组______________考验/____________打电话给/________________转向/_________________不打扰/_______________将```放在一边/_______________一定做…
II.根据句子结构，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1)Wehada______mealtogetherlastSunday.Alltheguestsarevery______.(satisfaction)
2)Iwassleepingsoundlyintheearlymorningwhenatelephone_______meawake.Iwaseven______tohearthe______newsthatanotherbombinghadhitLondon.(alarm)
3)Thenewly-electedpresident_______hissupportfortheterrorists.Hemustberesponsibleforhis______.(declare)
III.把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）：testoutringupturnaroundleave…alonesetaside
1.Squirrelsareconsideredtobegoodanimals,fortheycan_________nutsandfoodsinthetreesforwinteruse.
2.Youmay_______Mr.ChoweitheronSaturdayorSunday.Heisavailableattheweekend.
3.I_________andsuddenlyfoundmyChineseteacherstandingbehindme.
4.Ihopeyoujust________him_______.Heneedstimetohavearest.
5.Therobotisgoingtobe__________toseeifitcanreallydothehousework.
导学单（二）ReadingComprehension教学目标：帮助学生更多地了解机器人及有关的科幻小说、小说家阿西莫夫及其文学作品。
ReadingComprehensionI
Thetextmainlytellsus_____.
A.whyClairefellinlovewithahumanbeing
B.whyarobotfellinlovewithahumanbeing
C.astoryaboutahouseholdrobotbeingtestedoutinafamily
D.thatarobotcansaveahumanbeingfromdanger
ReadingComprehensionII
1.Howmanycharactersarementioned?

2.Whoarethey?

3.Whatistherelationbetweenthem?

Charactersinthestory:
LarryBelmont:employedinacompany________________
Claire:___________wife,ahousewife
Tony:____________tobetestedoutbyClaireinherhouse
GladysClaffern:themostpowerfulwomenaround,awomanthatClaireenvies
ReadingComprehensionIII
Claire’sfeelingstowardsTonychangedasthestorydeveloped.FillintheoccasionswhenClairehadthesefeelings.
OccasionClaire
Beforehearrived_____________________________

Whenhearrived_____________________________

Whenheofferedtohelpherdress______________________________

Whenheofferedtohelpherimprove
herhouseandherself_____________________________

Whenhehelpedherwiththesalesman_________________________

Whenshefelloffaladderandwas
caughtbyTony___________________________

WhensheheardGladyswhispering
toanotherwomanthat___________________________

shehadneverseenanyonesohandsomeasTony________________

SherememberedTonywasjustamachine__________________________
ReadingComprehensionIVTrueorFalse
1.Larrywasgoingtobeawayfromhomesohehiredarobottoaccompanyhiswife.
2.Clairedidn’tliketheideaatthebeginning,butsheagreedtoitatlast.
3.TonycouldunderstandClairewhenshesaidshewasnotclever.
4.WhenTonyofferedtohelpdressing,Clairewaspleasedtoacceptit.
5.ItwasClairethatfirstdecidedtoinviteGladysandherfriendstoherhouse.
6.Claire’sguestswerefilledwithadmirationwhentheysawherhousewascompletelychanged.
7.ThecompanywassatisfiedwithTony’sreportbecausehehadsuccessfullymadeawomanfallinlovewithhim.
ReadingComprehensionV
Readthestoryagainandanswerthefollowingquestionsingroups.
1.WhydidTonyopenthecurtains?

2.WhatdidTonydotopreventClairefrombeingharmed?

3.WhydidTonyhavetoberebuilt?

4.HowwouldyoufeelifyouhadarobotlikeTonyinyourhouse?

5.ClairespentthreeweekswithTonyinherhouse.Whatsentencesinthestorshowthatshekeptforgettingandthenrememberingthathewasamachine?
ReadingComprehensionVI
Ingroups,listTony’scharacteristicsthatweresimilartoandthosethatweredifferentfromthoseofahumanbeing.
CharacteristicsSimilarDifferent

Physical

Mental

导学单（三）LanguagePonitsOfReading
教学目标：掌握本课的重点词汇和短语。
一．语言基础知识
1.testout试验；考验
Scientiststestouttheoriesbyexperiment.科学家靠实验检验理论。
testvt.测验；检验；试验；检查
Theteachertestedthechildrenontheirhomework.老师就孩子们的家庭作业进行检查。
2.alarmn.
(1)awarningofdanger警报afirealarm
IraisedthealarmassoonasIsawwhatwashappening.
(2)fearcausedbytheexpectationofdanger恐慌
Ihopeyouwon’ttakealarmatthenews.
alarmv.
(1)givingawarning警告
Thenoticeboardalarmspeoplenottoswimintheriver.
(2)feelfearedorcauseanxiety恐慌
ThenewsthatH5N1hasspreadalarmedthenation.
alarmedadj.惊恐的,忧虑的alarmingadj.惊人的,吓人的
Thenewsisreallyalarming.
3.accompanyv.
(1)togo/staywith
I’dlikeyoutoaccompanymetothesupermarket.
Whataccompanieshimisalwaysadog.
(2)toexistatthesametime和……一起发生
Lightningusuallyaccompaniesthunder.
4.declarevt.
(1)宣布；宣告；声明+(that)tomakeknownformallyorofficially
ThenewCongressdeclaredastateofwarwithGermany.新的国会向德国宣战了。
(2)宣称；断言+(that)
Theaccusedmandeclaredhimselfinnocent.被告声称他是无罪的。
IdeclaredatthemeetingthatIdidnotsupporthim.我在会上声明我不支持他。
(3)申报(纳税品等)
Ihavenothingtodeclare.我没什么要申报的。
辨析:declare与announce
declare宣告,宣布awayofexpressingoneself
Iwouldliketodeclaremyloveforyou.
announce宣布totellalotofpeople
IfIhaveabirthdayparty,Iwanttoannounceittomyfriends.
5.leave/let…alone/be不管/不打扰/不理会
I’vetoldyoutoleavemythingsalone.
Pleasedontleavemealoneinthedarkroom.
Letmebe,Iwantarest.
leave+宾语+补足语使……处于……状态
Leavethedooropen.
6.Assheturnedaround,therestoodGladysClaffern.当她转过身时，看到格拉迪斯克拉芬站在那儿。
①句中as意为“当……时”，为从属连词,引导时间状语从句。通常强调“同一时间”或“一先一后”，如：
AsIwasgoingout,itbegantorain.
②主句“therestoodGladysClaffern”是由副词there引导的倒装句。

①as有时还有“随着……”的意思，如：
Asspringwarmsthegoodearth,allflowersbegintobloom.
②由副词there和here引导的倒装句通常不用于人称代词即不说“Herecomeshe!”
而须说“Herehecomes!”但在对比情况下，人称代词则与连系动词be构成倒装句，如：
Therewashe,ontheplayground,whileIhadtostudy.
2.TheguestswouldbearrivingsoonandClairetoldTonytogointoanotherroom.
客人很快就要来了，克莱尔叫托尼去另一个间房。
句中用到过去将来进行时，由“would+be+动词的现在分词”构成，表示在过去看来将来某一时间正在发生的动作。它常和表示过去将来的时间状语连用，但上下文清楚时，时间状语可省略。和将来进行时一样，它也常表计划中的事，不表意愿或打算。它还有一个特点，即常用在宾语从句(尤其是间接引语)中。
例如：
a.Mr.SmithneverrealizedthatsomedayhewouldbelivinginChina.
b.MarytoldusthatJackwouldbecomingnextSaturday.

过去将来进行时有时也可用于其他从句
中，如：IwouldpaytherestasIwouldbeleavingBeijing.(用在状语从句中。)
也可用在独立句中。
如：Thecarstarted.EllenGreenwouldbedrivingofftothecollege.
二．课堂检测
I.Completethefollowingsentenceswithproperwords.
1.Theman’sparents_________(声称)thattheydidn’twanttoseehimagain.
2.Thegovernmentisa________bythedramaticincreaseinviolentcrime.
3.Hesentherpresentsinanattempttowinherf_______.
4.Tombegantosweepthepiecesofglassupintoa______(堆).
5.Shes________hisface,lookingforsignsofwhathewasthinking.
6.Ireally______(羡慕)youandyourwife—youseemsohappytogether.
7.—Ourvacationwastotallyruined.—Yes,definitely!Notonlywasthefoodterrible,butalsotheweatherwas　_______(糟透的).
8.Inmyopinion,yourideaisso________(荒谬的)thatIcan’thelplaughing.
9.Thewomanhasane________manner,butsheisextremelydifficulttoworkwith.
10.Someladiesthinktheyareo_________,sotheytryeverymeanstoloseweight
II.Completethefollowingsentenceswithoutchangingtheirmeanings.
1.Personallyspeaking,I’mfortheproposal.
Personallyspeaking,I’m_____________theproposal.
2.WouldyoulikemetogotothePeople’sParkwithyouthisweekend?
Wouldyoulikeme_________________tothePeople’sParkthisweekend?
3.Yourfatherisbusyathisdesk,soyou’dbetternotbotherhim.
Yourfatherisbusyathisdesk,soyou’dbetter________________.
III.Translation.
1.Itwasgoing_______________(由……来测试)byLarry’swife,Claire.
2.Clairethoughtitwasridiculous____________________(表示同情)byarobot.
3.Howawful_______________(被发现)byher,Clairethought.
4.ButeventhoughTonyhadbeensoclever,hewould_________________(作一番改建).
5.Sheweakened_________________________(随着病情的加重).(as)
6.Shesaid_________________________(她将早点出发)inordertoavoidtheheavytraffic.
7.Lastevening___________________________(一位老朋友打电话给我)whomIhadnotheardofforyears.
8._______________(我一转身)andsawJanewassittingdirectlybehindme.

Grammar导学单（四）

教学目标：复习被动语态。各种时态下被动语态的结构和用法。能辨别被动语态与系表结构。
Lookatthefollowingsentences,payingattentiontotheunderlinedpart.
1.Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.
2.Theforeignguestsweregivenawarmwelcomebythechildren.
3.Nuclearenergyhasbeenusedtoproduceelectricitybyus.
4.Severalbigmodernpowerplantswillbebuiltinourcitynextyear.
5.Yourmistakesshouldbecorrectedrightnow.
6.MybikeisbeingrepairedbyTomnow
DiscoveringusefulstructuresGooverthepassivevoice
be+V+-ed/-en/-t
Myhamburgerwaseatenbythedog.
Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.
使用被动语态的情况
1.我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁的时候(这时不带by引起的短语)。
PrintingwasintroducedtoEuropefromChina.(省略了by短语。)
Look!Thereisnothinghere.Everythinghasbeentakenaway.(省略了by短语。)
2.当我们出于礼貌、措辞委婉等方面考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁时。
Youarerequestedtogiveaperformance.
Youarecordially(诚挚地)invitedtoapartytobegivenattheTeachersClubat3p.m.Nov.23.
3.当我们强调或兴趣在动作的承受时(这时可带by引起的短语)。
Thesongwascomposed(组成;写作)byastudent.
Agoodtimewashadbyall.
被动语态的构成
被动语态由be+过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以give为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：
一般现在时：am/is/are+given
ThefirstsectionofNewCollegeEnglishisdesignedforspeakingpracticeandisbasedonpicturesandtopics.
一般过去时：was/were+given
Thesecomputersweremadeinourowncountry.
一般将来时：will/shallbe+given
Shallwebeaskedtoattendtheopeningceremony?
过去将来时：wouldbe+given
Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldiersmotherassoonasitarrived.
现在进行时：am/is/arebeing+given　
Treesarebeingplantedovertherebythem.
过去进行时：was/werebeing+given
Thefeastwasbeingpreparedwhenthebirdsarrivedinthesky.
现在完成时：have/hasbeen+given
Swiftprogresshasalsobeenmadeincultureandeducation.
过去完成时：hadbeen+given
ThehugebridgehadbeendamagedbeforetheWorldWarII.
将来完成时：will/shallhavebeen+given
Thebookwillhavebeenpublishedbytheendofnextmonth.
含有情态动词的动词变成被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词
Thisproblemcanbesolved.
What’sdonecannotbeundone.
GeorgemightbesenttoAmericabyhiscompanyinAugust.
类似结构（begoingto,haveto等）变成被动语态：
Thisroomisgoingtobepaintednextweek.
Goaway!Iwanttobeleftalone.
一些特殊的被动语态
1.有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语(指人的宾语）。
Theydidn’tofferAnnthejob.
Annwasn’tofferedthejob.
2.在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
Theymakehercleanthefloor.Sheismadetocleanthefloorbythem.
3.It+be+过去分词+that从句(=主语+be+过去分词+todosth.)
表示：据说/据报道/据悉/据信等……
Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.
Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.
4.动词get代替be。(get往往用在口语中。)
Therewasafightatthepub,butfortunatelynobodygot(=was)hurt.
get+done同be+done的区别：
getdone往往表示行为不是计划之中，而是意外发生的。如：
Thedoggotrunoverbyacar.
不可以变成被动语态
1.某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动词可以表示被动意义。
cook,smell,taste,wash,write,shut,prove,sell,read,write
.Thedishtastesdelicious.
Thetheoryprovedrightatlast.
.Thebookissointerestingthatitsellswell.
“sells”此处为不及物动词“销售起来;有销路”的意思；作及物动词为“卖;出售”
Thiskindofclothwasheswell.(耐洗)
2.need+V-ing表示“主语承受动词发出的动作”，表示被动意义。
我的车需要修理。Mycarneedsrepairing(=toberepaired).
3.某些表示状态或者特征的及物动词没有被动语态形式。这类动词常见的有：
beg,equal,fail,hold,possess,fit，become,contain,cost,have,lack,resemble(相似),suit等。
ThisnewEnglish-Chinesedictionarycostmetendollars.
4.通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态，不及物动词没有。
如：战争爆发了。
可以说：Thewarbrokeout.但不能说：Thewarwasbrokeout.
被动结构与系表结构的区别
“be+过去分词”这个结构并不都是被动语态，也可能是系表结构。被动语态与系表结构主要区别是：被动结构表示一个动作，而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态，试比较下面的句子：
被动结构Theenemywassoonsurroundedbyus.
系表结构Thehouseissurroundedbytrees.
被动结构Shewasbittenbythedoginthedarkness.
系表结构Iwasexcitedbythenewsthatmyhusbandgotpromoted.

课堂检测
1.OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,butsoon_____tohisoldways.
A.returnedB.returnsC.wasreturningD.hadreturned
2.Insomepartsoftheworld,tea_____withmilkandsugar.
A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served
3.Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful.They____welland______already.
A.sell,havebeensoldoutB.sold,hadsoldout
C.sell,selloutD.aresold,havebeensoldout
4.Thetrain____arriveat11:30,butitwasanhourlate.
A.wasabouttoB.waslikelytoC.wassupposedtoD.wascertainto
5.Thisdictionarymustn’t____fromthelibrary.
A.takeawayB.takenawayC.aretakenawayD.betakenaway
6.Myshoes_____.Iwentoutforanewpair.
A.iswornoutB.woreoutC.werewornoffD.werewornout
7.Thatkindofshirts_______cotton.
A.ismadefromB.aremadefromC.ismadeofD.aremadeof
8.Rice______inSouthChina.
A.growingB.isgrownC.aregrownD.isgrow
9.Allthepreparationsforthetask______,andwe’rereadytostart.
A.completedB.CompleteC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted
10.Theteachertoldhisstudentsthatthey____tobeusefulmentothecountry.
A.wereallexpectedB.wereallexpectingC.allwereexpectedD.allexpected
11.Someofthehotelsinmyhometown_______.　
A.havenowbeenrebuildingB.arenowrebuilding
C.arenowbeingrebuiltD.arerebuiltnow
用被动语态改换下列各句。
1.Myfatherwillrepairmybikeforme.
Mybike_______________bymyfatherforme.
2.Ihavefoundmywallet.
Mywallet________________________.
3.Shetoldmetowaithereforher.
I__________________towaithereforher.
4.Thepolicewillsurelyarrestthemurderer.
Themurderer____________________bythepolice.
5.TheyinvitedMr.Greentomakeaspeech.
Mr.Green____________________tomakeaspeech.
6.Thestudentscleantheirclassroomeveryday.
Theirclassroom_________________bythestudentseveryday.

UsingLanguage导学单（五）
Reading:
一．Fastreading:
1.What’sthemainideaofthetext?
(IntroductionafamousAmericansciencefictionwriterIssacAsimov’slifeandworks.)
2HowmanyyearsdidIssacAsimovworkinstore?(d)
A5B9C11D13
3.WhowasIssacAsimov?(c)
A.AnAmericanscientistandwriterwhogothisPhDinphysicsin1948.
B.AnRussianscientistandwriterwhomarriedtwice.
C.AnRussian-Americanscientistandwriterwhobecameafulltimewriterin1958.
D.AnAmerican-Russianscientistandwriterwhohad2children.
4.Inwhichbookdidhedevelopasetofthreelaws?(b)
A.TheFoundationTrilogyB.I,Robot
C.InhisfirstnovelD.Inhisfirstsciencebook.
5.WhatwasAsimovbestknownfor?(b)
A.Hismysterystories.B.Hissciencefictionstories.
C.Hisscienceandhistorybooks.
D.HisbooksabouttheBibleandaboutShakespeare.
6..Allthefollowingsaretrueexcept_____.(a)
A.Asimov’stalentforwritingwasn’tobviouswhenhewasyoung.
B.Hebeganhavinghisstoriespublishedinsciencemagazinein1939.
C.Hepublishedhisfirstnovelin1950.
D.Hepublishedhisfirstsciencebookin1953.
7.WhatmighthappeninaworldwheretherewererobotsifAsimov’sthreelawsdidn’texist?(d)
A.Mayberobotswillharmorinjurehumanbeings.
B.Mayberobotswilldisobeyhumanbeings.
C.Inordertoprotecttheirownexistence,robotsmayinjurehumanbeings.
D.Alloftheabove.
8WhycouldIssacAsimovbecomeawriter?(c)
AAfriendofhismadehimawriter
BHisparentswantedhimtobeawriter
CHehadthetalentforwriting
DHehadsomanyexperiencesinhislife.
9WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?(c)
AIssacAsimovdidn’tpublishbooksuntilhebecameafulltimewriter.
BIssacAsimov’sideasaboutrobotscompletelyinfluencedscientistsresearchingintoartificialintelligence
CRobotsshouldprotecthumanbeingsin“I,robot.”
DIssacAsimovwrotesomefamousplaysaboutShakespeare.
二．Carefulreading:
ReadaboutIsaacAsimovandcompletethetimelineoftheeventsinhislife.
DateEvent
_1920____BorninRussia.
_1922__________Sisterborn___.
__1923________MovedwithfamilytoNewYork___StartedworkinginacandystoreParentsboughtacandystore.
__1929____startedworkingincandystore__________________________.
Motherhadherthirdchild.
___1931_Startedtotakehimselfseriouslyasawriter.
1939______Beganhavingstoriespublishedinsciencefictionmagazines_____________________________
_1941_________Gainedmaster’sdegreeinchemistry______________________________.
____1942__________Finishedworkinginthecandystore
___Gotmarried_____________________________
__1942-1945______Workedasjuniorchemist,PhiladelphiaNavyYard____
_1948______GotPhDinchemistry
___1949____Becameabiochemistryteacher,BostonUniversitySchoolofMedicine.
__1950____Publishedhisfirstnovel.
___PublishedI,Robot.____.Developedthreelawsforrobots.

1951-1953Published“TheFoundationTrilogy”and
wonanawardforit.
_1953____Publishedfirstsciencebook
1958_____Becameafull-timewriter.
_1973_______Divorcedhisfirstwife.
__Marriedforasecondtime________________________.
_1983____Hadabloodtransfusion.Becameinfected
withHIV.
1992_DiedinNewYork_______________________
三．课后检测
Ⅰ.Completethefollowingsentenceswithproperwords.
1.Badcustomsandlawsoughttobeanowbecausetheyaren’tsuitableforoursociety.
2.ThePrimeMinisterwasforcedtorbecausehedidn’ttakeeffectivemeasurestosolvetheproblem.
3.Whenitcomesto(政治),Iknownothing.
4.AwarwasfoughtintheUnitedStatesinthe19thcenturytoliberateblackpeoplefrom
(奴隶制).
5.PeterisveryinterestedinChinese(文学)andwantstoworkinChinaaftergraduation.
Ⅱ.Completethefollowingsentenceswithoutchangingtheirmeanings.
1.Itisknownthatlow-carbonlifestyleisofgreatbenefittoimprovingtheworldenvironment.
Itisknownthatlow-carbonlifestyleisimprovingtheworldenvironment.
2.Ihavechangedmymind;thatistosay,Ihavedecidedtoacceptthispositioninyourdepartment.
Ihavechangedmymind;,Ihavedecidedtoacceptthispositioninyourdepartment.
3.Lucyhasherownshortcomings,but,inshort,sheisagoodhelper.
Lucyhasherownshortcomings,but,,sheisagoodhelper.
Ⅲ.Completethefollowingsentenceswithproperwords.
1.It’sanicehouseandit’shforthestation.
2.Youwillmakeagreatpbysellingthehousenow;ifyouwait,thepricemaygodown.
3.Bitterlydisappointed,Scotsandhis(同伴)setoutonthereturnjourney.
4.Jackgottwo(证书)atuniversitybyworkinghard.
5.Thechurch,designedbytwoItalian(建筑师)onehundredyearsago,isstillingoodcondition.

高二英语选修七Unit2Robots导学单

高二英语选修七Unit2Robots导学单
导学单（五）UsingLanguage
Reading:
一．Fastreading:
1.What’sthemainideaofthetext?
(IntroductionafamousAmericansciencefictionwriterIssacAsimov’slifeandworks.)
2HowmanyyearsdidIssacAsimovworkinstore?(d)
A5B9C11D13
3.WhowasIssacAsimov?(c)
A.AnAmericanscientistandwriterwhogothisPhDinphysicsin1948.
B.AnRussianscientistandwriterwhomarriedtwice.
C.AnRussian-Americanscientistandwriterwhobecameafulltimewriterin1958.
D.AnAmerican-Russianscientistandwriterwhohad2children.
4.Inwhichbookdidhedevelopasetofthreelaws?(b)
A.TheFoundationTrilogyB.I,Robot
C.InhisfirstnovelD.Inhisfirstsciencebook.
5.WhatwasAsimovbestknownfor?(b)
A.Hismysterystories.B.Hissciencefictionstories.
C.Hisscienceandhistorybooks.
D.HisbooksabouttheBibleandaboutShakespeare.
6..Allthefollowingsaretrueexcept_____.(a)
A.Asimov’stalentforwritingwasn’tobviouswhenhewasyoung.
B.Hebeganhavinghisstoriespublishedinsciencemagazinein1939.
C.Hepublishedhisfirstnovelin1950.
D.Hepublishedhisfirstsciencebookin1953.
7.WhatmighthappeninaworldwheretherewererobotsifAsimov’sthreelawsdidn’texist?(d)
A.Mayberobotswillharmorinjurehumanbeings.
B.Mayberobotswilldisobeyhumanbeings.
C.Inordertoprotecttheirownexistence,robotsmayinjurehumanbeings.
D.Alloftheabove.
8WhycouldIssacAsimovbecomeawriter?(c)
AAfriendofhismadehimawriter
BHisparentswantedhimtobeawriter
CHehadthetalentforwriting
DHehadsomanyexperiencesinhislife.
9WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?(c)
AIssacAsimovdidn’tpublishbooksuntilhebecameafulltimewriter.
BIssacAsimov’sideasaboutrobotscompletelyinfluencedscientistsresearchingintoartificialintelligence
CRobotsshouldprotecthumanbeingsin“I,robot.”
DIssacAsimovwrotesomefamousplaysaboutShakespeare.
二．Carefulreading:
ReadaboutIsaacAsimovandcompletethetimelineoftheeventsinhislife.
DateEvent
_1920____BorninRussia.
_1922__________Sisterborn___.
__1923________MovedwithfamilytoNewYork___StartedworkinginacandystoreParentsboughtacandystore.
__1929____startedworkingincandystore__________________________.
Motherhadherthirdchild.
___1931_Startedtotakehimselfseriouslyasawriter.
1939______Beganhavingstoriespublishedinsciencefictionmagazines_____________________________
_1941_________Gainedmaster’sdegreeinchemistry______________________________.
____1942__________Finishedworkinginthecandystore
___Gotmarried_____________________________
__1942-1945______Workedasjuniorchemist,PhiladelphiaNavyYard____
_1948______GotPhDinchemistry
___1949____Becameabiochemistryteacher,BostonUniversitySchoolofMedicine.
__1950____Publishedhisfirstnovel.
___PublishedI,Robot.____.Developedthreelawsforrobots.

1951-1953Published“TheFoundationTrilogy”and
wonanawardforit.
_1953____Publishedfirstsciencebook
1958_____Becameafull-timewriter.
_1973_______Divorcedhisfirstwife.
__Marriedforasecondtime________________________.
_1983____Hadabloodtransfusion.Becameinfected
withHIV.
1992_DiedinNewYork_______________________
三．课后检测
Ⅰ.Completethefollowingsentenceswithproperwords.
1.Badcustomsandlawsoughttobeanowbecausetheyaren’tsuitableforoursociety.
2.ThePrimeMinisterwasforcedtorbecausehedidn’ttakeeffectivemeasurestosolvetheproblem.
3.Whenitcomesto(政治),Iknownothing.
4.AwarwasfoughtintheUnitedStatesinthe19thcenturytoliberateblackpeoplefrom
(奴隶制).
5.PeterisveryinterestedinChinese(文学)andwantstoworkinChinaaftergraduation.
Ⅱ.Completethefollowingsentenceswithoutchangingtheirmeanings.
1.Itisknownthatlow-carbonlifestyleisofgreatbenefittoimprovingtheworldenvironment.
Itisknownthatlow-carbonlifestyleisimprovingtheworldenvironment.
2.Ihavechangedmymind;thatistosay,Ihavedecidedtoacceptthispositioninyourdepartment.
Ihavechangedmymind;,Ihavedecidedtoacceptthispositioninyourdepartment.
3.Lucyhasherownshortcomings,but,inshort,sheisagoodhelper.
Lucyhasherownshortcomings,but,,sheisagoodhelper.
Ⅲ.Completethefollowingsentenceswithproperwords.
1.It’sanicehouseandit’shforthestation.
2.Youwillmakeagreatpbysellingthehousenow;ifyouwait,thepricemaygodown.
3.Bitterlydisappointed,Scotsandhis(同伴)setoutonthereturnjourney.
4.Jackgottwo(证书)atuniversitybyworkinghard.
5.Thechurch,designedbytwoItalian(建筑师)onehundredyearsago,isstillingoodcondition.

高三英语Robots教案

《高考风向标》英语
目录
第一部分教材梳理
必修一
Unit1Friendship
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测

Unit2Englisharoundtheworld
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测

Unit3Traveljournal
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测

Unit4Earthquakes
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测

Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测

必修二
Unit1Culturalrelics
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测

Unit2TheOlympicGames
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测

Unit3Computers
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测

Unit4Wildlifeprotection
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测

Unit5Music
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测

必修三
Unit1Festivalsaroundtheworld
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测

Unit2Healthyeating
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测

Unit3TheMillionPoundBankNote
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测

……

第二部分语法专题
专题一冠词
专题二名词
专题三代词
专题四数词
专题五形容词和副词
专题六介词
专题七情态动词
专题八非谓语动词
专题九动词和动词短语
专题十动词的时态
专题十一动词的语态
专题十二句子种类
专题十三名词性从句
专题十四定语从句
专题十五状语从句
专题十六倒装句和省略句
专题十七强调句
专题十八虚拟语气
专题十九主谓一致
专题二十直接引语和间接引语

第三部分高考题型讲练
听力
完形填空
语法填空
阅读理解
信息匹配
基础写作
读写任务

第一部分教材梳理
选修七
Unit2Robots
一、语言要点
I单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
词汇
部分词语
辨析1.desire/wish/hope/expect/want/longfor
2.assess/access3.victory/success/conquest/triumph
词形
变化1.satisfactionn.满意satisfyv.使满意satisfyingadj.令人满足的
satisfiedadj.感到满意的
2.alarmedadj.感到惊吓的alarmv.n.n.警报vt.恐吓,警告
3.declarev.断言，宣称declarationn.宣布，宣言，声明
重点
单词1.desiren.渴望vt.想要
2.satisfactionn.满意
3.alarmn.警报vt.使```惊恐
4.sympathyn.同情
5.accompanyvt.陪伴
6.declarevt.宣布
7.envyvt.嫉妒
8.junioradj.较年幼的
9.divorcen.离婚vt.与```离婚
重点
词组testout考验ringup打电话给turnaround转向
leave…alone不打扰setaside将```放在一边beboundto一定做……
重点句型1.Clairedidn’twanttherobotinherhouse,especiallyasherhusbandwouldbeabsentforthreeweeks,butLarrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn’tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.
2.Assheturnedaround,therestoodGladysClaffern.
3.Asimovbeganhavingstoriespublishedinsciencefictionmagazinesin1939.
重点语法复习被动语态（包括动词不定式）（I）(见语法专题)
II词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1).desire/wish/hope/expect/want/longfor

desire属正式用语,可代替wish和want,强调“主观愿望的热切性”,含有“强烈希望做某事”的意思,
wish语气比desire弱,一般用于“难以实现或不可能实现的愿望”,指“希望”、“愿”、“想”
hope表示实现的可能性较大的希望
expect侧重“期待，预期，指望”
want多用于口语式普通场合,指“想”、“要”或“需要”,表示“偏爱、选择”或“需要、热爱”
longfor表“希望，渴望”
选择desire/wish/hope/expect/want或longfor并用其适当的形式填空
1)I_______Icouldhaveanewcar.
2)I_____adictionaryatthepresenttime.
3)Hemanagedtogetthebookhe______finally.
4)I______animmediateanswerofyours.
5)personally,ourcityteamhasbetterplayersandI______themtowin
6)Hehasbeenworkingabroadforyears,andis_______tocomebackandseehisfamilyverymuch.
Keys:1)wish2)want3)desired4)desire/expect/want5)expect6)longing
2).assess/access

assessvt.估定,评定。
accessn.通路,访问,入门
选择assess或access，并用其适当的形式填空
1)Damagesinthegreatearthquakewere______atseveralhundredbillion.
2)Onlypersonswithapermithas______totherestrictedarea;
Keys:1)assessed2)access
3)victory/success/conquest/triumph

victory指“在战争、竞赛、斗争中获胜”,并有“击败对方或敌人”的含义
success对预期的、计划的、尝试的事物的目标达到
conquest指“征服某国或某民族,从而使之处于被支配地位的胜利或战胜”
triumph指“辉煌或彻底的胜利或成功”
选择victory/success/conquest或triumph并用其适当的形式填空
1)Theywona______inbattle.
2)Thegeneralwithhissoldiersreturnedhomein_______
3)Aftertheseriousbomb,theysucceededinthe______ofthatcity.
4)Theconferencewasa_______.
Keys:1)victory2)triumph3)conquest4)success
III词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1.satisfactionn.满意satisfyv.使满意satisfyingadj.令人满足的
satisfiedadj.感到满意的
2.alarmedadj.感到惊吓的alarmn.警报vt.恐吓,警告
3.declarev.断言，宣称declarationn.宣布，宣言，声明
根据句子结构，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1)Wehada______mealtogetherlastSunday.Alltheguestsarevery______.(satisfaction)
2)Iwassleepingsoundlyintheearlymorningwhenatelephone_______meawake.Iwaseven______tohearthe______newsthatanotherbombinghadhitLondon.(alarm)
3)What______thewomenmostwasthatwhentheyweretalkingaboutthe_______newaboutthegirl,shebecameso_______thatsheranawayassoonassheheardthis.(embarrass)
4)Thenewly-electedpresident_______hissupportfortheterrorists.Hemustberesponsibleforhis______.(declare)
5)He______tohisfriendswhyhewaslatebutnoneofthemthoughthis_______believable.(explain)
keys:1.satisfying;satisfied2.alarmed;alarmed;alarming3.embarrassed;embarrassing;embarrassed4.declared;declaration5.explained;explanation
IV重点词汇（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1.desiren.渴望vt.想要
[重点用法]
desiresth.渴望得到某物
desiretodosth.希望/渴望做某事
desirethatsb.(should)do要求……
haveadesireforsth./todosth.渴望得到某物/希望做某事
atone’sdesire照某人的希望
[典例]
1)Wealldesirehappinessandhealth.我们都希望幸福健康。
2)Everyonehasadesireforsuccess,butnoeveryonedesiretogetrich.每个人都渴望成功，但并非人人都渴望金钱。
3)Hedesiresyoutogotoseehimatonce.他要求你马上去见他。
=hedesiresthatyoushouldgotoseehimatonce.
[练习]汉译英
1)他想受到大学教育。
___________________________________________________________________________________
2)他们要我快点回来。
___________________________________________________________________________________
3)我请他立即回信。
___________________________________________________________________________________
4)她要你立即见她。
___________________________________________________________________________________
5)她应邀演奏了一曲。
Keys:1)Hedesiredacollegeeducation.2)Theydesiremetoreturnsoon.3)Idesireanimmediateanswerofhis.4)Shedesiresthatyou(should)seeheratonce.5)Sheplayedapieceatothers’desire/bydesire.

2.satisfactionn.满意
[重点用法]
satisfactoryn.满意的,
satisfyv.满足,使满意,
demandsatisfaction要求赔偿;
feelsatisfactionat...对感到满意
findsatisfactionin对...感到满意
tosb.ssatisfaction(tothesatisfactionofsb.)达到使某人满意的程度
withsatisfaction满意地
[典例]
1)Atlast,thewholeclassfoundsatisfactionintheirwork.最终,全班都对他们的工作感到满意。
2)Whathepromisedcouldnotsatisfyhisfamily.他的许诺并未能使他的家人满意。
[练习]汉译英
1)买到想要的东西，她满意地离开了超市。
___________________________________________________________________________________
2)他的试验结果似乎令人满意。
___________________________________________________________________________________
3)这些条件中你至少要符合一项，否则就不能成为本俱乐部的会员。
___________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1)Havingboughtwhatshewanted,sheleftthesupermarketwithsatisfaction.2)Theresultofhistestseemedtobesatisfactory.3)Ifyoudon’tsatisfyatleastoneoftheconditions,youcan’tbecomeamemberofourclub.

3.alarmn.警报vt.使```惊恐
[重点用法]
give/raisethealarm发警报
ringthealarm敲警钟
soundthealarm发警报;吹警报号
take(the)alarmat对...感到吃惊;因...而惊恐
bealarmedat...被...吓一跳
[典例]
1)Weweremuchalarmedbythefireintheforest.森林失火使我们大为惊慌。
2)Assoonashesawthesmoke,hesoundedthealarm.看见火灾爆发，他鸣响了警报。
[练习]汉译英
1)看到孩子们在返校时遭遇车祸的消息，家长们感到很害怕。
___________________________________________________________________________________
2）看到大火，社区的居民发出警报。
___________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1)Theparentstookthealarmatthenewsthattheirchildrencaughtatrafficaccidencewhenretuningtheschool.2)Theresidentsinthecommunityraisedthealarmwhenseeingthegreatfire.

4.sympathyn.同情
[重点用法]
feel/havesympathyfor同情某人
insympathywith同情;赞成;和...一致
outofsympathywith对...不同情;不赞成;对...没有同感,和...不一致
winsympathyof博得...的同情
[典例]
1)Hegavethepoorchildsomemoneyoutofsympathy.出于同情，他给了这个穷孩子一点钱。
2)Heisinsympathywiththeirbeliefs.他与他们的信仰一致.
[练习]汉译英
1)听完这个故事，他对她目前的情况深感同情。
___________________________________________________________________________________
2)通过描述他悲惨的童年，他赢得路人的同情。
___________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1)Afterhearingthestory,hefeltsympathyforherpresentsituation.2)Hewonthesympathyofpassers-bybydescribinghismiserablechildhood.

5.accompanyvt.陪伴
[重点用法]
accompanysb.toaplace陪伴某人去某地
accompanysth.with/bysth.与…同时存在
[典例]
1)Heaccompaniedhisoldfathertothehospitaltoseewhat’swrongwithhisstomach.他陪他的老父亲去医院查看胃部出了什么问题。
2)Thundersaccompaniedbyheavyraininthisseasonareverycommon.这个季节，雷鸣常常伴有大雨。[练习]汉译英
1)总统出现了被六个健壮的保镖护随着。
___________________________________________________________________________________
2)回到家乡，他的老同学们陪着他参观了这个城市。
___________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1)Thepresidentappearedandwasaccompaniedbysixstrongbodyguards.2)Whenretuninghometown,hewasshownaroundthecityaccompaniedbyhisoldclassmates.

6.declarevt.宣布
[重点用法]
declaresth.宣布……
declaresb./sth.(tobe)+n./adj.宣布……为……
declarethat
declarewaron/upon对…宣战
declareagainst/for…声明反对/赞成
[典例]
1)Shedeclaredthatshedidntwanttoseehimagain.她宣称她再也不愿见到他。
2)Soontheywilldeclarehimtheownerofthehouse.很快他们就会宣布他为房子的主人。
3)Thegovernmentpassedalawthatdeclareditillegaltocatchandsellthiskindofanimals.
政府通过法律宣布捕捉贩卖这种动物是非法的。
[练习]汉译英
1)那个女明星最近宣称要嫁给一个富人然后退出舞台。
___________________________________________________________________________________
2)公司宣布老板的儿子依法成为公司继承人。
___________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1)Thepopularactressdeclaredrecentlythatshewouldmarryarichgentlemanandretirefromthestage.2)Thecompanydeclaredthesonofthebosstobethesuccessorbylaw.

7.envyvt.嫉妒
[重点用法]
envysb.sth.妒忌/羡慕某人某物
becometheenvyofsb.成为令人嫉妒/羡慕的事物
beinenvyofone’ssuccess羡慕某人的成功
outofenvy出于嫉妒/羡慕
[典例]
1)Allherworkmatesenviedher(for)herpromotion.所有的同事都羡慕她的晋升。
2)Histalentformusicbecomestheenvyoftheothercompetitors.他在音乐方面的天分让其他人对手感到羡慕。
[练习]汉译英
1)他们的新房子受到邻居的羡慕。
___________________________________________________________________________________
2)出于妒忌，他作了伪证
___________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1)Theirnewhousemadethemtheenvyoftheirneighbors.2)Hemadethefaultwitnessoutofenvy.
V重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1.testout考验；试验
[典例]
1)Thismodelhadbeentestedoutbeforeitwasputintoproduction.这个型号经过试验后才进行大批量生产。
2)Beforethelecture,theprofessorisusedtotestingoutthewholeexperiment.上课前，这个教授习惯先将整个实验试验一番。
[短语归纳]
testonsb./sth.在……(身上)做实验/试验
have/takeatestin参加……考试
[练习]汉译英
1)成千上万的人们将参加这周日的公务员考试。
___________________________________________________________________________________
2)那个咨询顾问习惯先将新的政策在他自己的公司里进行实验。
___________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1)TensofthousandsofpeoplewilltakeanentrancetestforgovernmentofficersthisSunday.2)Theconsultantwouldtestthenewpolicyonhisowncompanyfirst.

2.ringup打电话给……
[短语归纳]
ringback回电话
ringoff挂断电话;停止讲话
ringabell唤醒经常是模糊的记忆
ringupthecurtain开始：开始一场演出，一个事件或一次行动
[典例]
1)Ihavetoringoffnowbecausemyfriendiswaitingforme.我朋友在等我，我得挂电话了。
2)Onarrivingattheairport,heranguphismothertosayeverythingwasok.一到达机场，他就打电话给他母亲报平安。
[练习]汉译英
1)今早他刚起床就有人给他打电话了。
___________________________________________________________________________________
2)见到老板进来，他赶紧挂断电话假装在工作。
___________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1)Themomenthegotupthismorning,someoneranghimup.2)Seeinghisbosscoming,hehurriedtoringoffandpretendedtobeworking.

3.turnaround转向
[典例]
1)Heheardavoicebutwhenheturnedaround,hesawnobody.他听到声音，但转身却没发现有人。
2)Ashewalkedtowardsthehotel,hesuddenlyturnedaroundandfoundanoldladyfollowinghim.当他朝旅馆走去时，突然转身发现一个老妇人跟着他。
[短语归纳]
turnaway把(脸)转过去
turnagainst背叛,反抗
turnon/off打开/关掉
turnup出现/调大(音量)
turndown拒绝,调小(音量)
turnout结果是;证明是;
[练习]汉译英
1)那年轻的女士无法想象要是她的丈夫背叛她的话会是怎么样。
___________________________________________________________________________________
2)虽然贫穷，但是女孩毅然地拒绝了别人的帮助。
___________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1)Theyoungladycannotimaginewhatifherhusbandturnsagainsther.2)Thoughpoor,thegirlturneddownothers’helpfirmly.

4.leave…alone不打扰
[短语归纳]
leavebehind留下,遗留
leaveaside(把某事)搁置一边
leavefor出发前往
leaveout省去,遗漏,不考虑
[典例]
1)Leavehimaloneandhewillproduce.别打扰他，他会写出来的。
2)Hewasaskedtoleaveforanothercityin24hours.他被要求24小时内离开到另一个城市去。
3)Theteacherrequiredustoleaveoutsomeunnecessarywordsinouressays.老师让我们将论文中不必要的词语省去。
4)Youshouldn’thaveleftAndyaloneinthemountains;itwasverydangerous.你不该将Andy留在山上，因为那非常危险。
[练习]汉译英
1)老板捐款潜逃了，只留下一间空厂房。
___________________________________________________________________________________
2)听到警报，警察丢下家人冲出去看发生了什么事。
___________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1)Thebossescapedwithallhisfortuneandleftanemptyfactorybehind.2)Hearingthealarm,thepolicemanlefthisfamilybehindandrushedouttoseewhathappened.

5.setaside将……放在一边;节省或保留(时间,金钱)
[短语归纳]
setdown写下,记下
setoff开始动身(foraplace)
setup创立，建立，搭起
setout出发，着手做某事（todosth.）
setaboutdoing着手做，开始做……
[典例]
1)Wouldyoupleasesetasidesometimetolistentomyrealidea?你可以腾出点时间听听我的想法吗?
2)Thedepartmentsetasidethethingstheyweredoingandconcentratedonamoreurgenttask.这个部门的成员放下手头的事情,全力以赴一项更紧急的任务.
[练习]汉译英
1)父亲放下报纸点了一支烟。
___________________________________________________________________________________
2)他努力工作省下钱给他儿子上大学。
___________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1)Fathersetasidethenewspaperandlitacigarette.2)Heisworkinghardtosetasidesomemoneyforhissontogotocollege.

6.beboundto一定做……
[典例]
1)Wemissedthebus.Wereboundtobelate.我们错过了那趟车，我们肯定要迟到了。
2)Shesboundtobemayor.她注定会成为市长。
[练习]汉译英
1）他那么用功，一定会成功的。
____________________________________________________________________________________
2）这项新发现对于人类必定大有用处。
____________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1)Withmuchhardwork,heisboundtosucceed.2)Thenewdiscoveryisboundtobeofgreatservicetomankind.
VI重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1.Clairedidn’twanttherobotinherhouse,especiallyasherhusbandwouldbeabsentforthreeweeks,butLarrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn’tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.
克莱尔并不想把机器人留在家里，特别是在她丈夫离加三周的这个期间。但是，克莱尔被拉里说服了。他说，机器人不会伤害她，也不会让别人来伤害她。
[解释]tobeharmed：动词不定式的被动语态。
[典例]
1)AllthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoastobereceivedintimeforChristmas.所有的这些礼物必须及时邮寄，以便在圣诞节及时收到。
2)ItremainstobeseenwhetherJim’llbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.吉姆最后是否适合演出仍将拭目以待。
[练习]汉译英
1)小汤姆假装被射中了哭喊着要糖吃。2)此药得一日三次，饭后服用。
___________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1)LittleTompretendedtobeshotandcriedforacandy.2)Themedicineisrequiredtobetakenthreetimesadayaftermeals.

2.Assheturnedaround,therestoodGladysClaffern.当他转过身时，（她发现）Gladys站在那儿。
[解释]therestoodGladysClaffern倒装句。在谓语为动词go,come,run,stand,live等表示位置转移的动词及be动词的句子中,为了强调句子中一些副词there,here,up,down,in,out,away等，可将副词置于句首，若这时主语是名词，句子用全倒装；若是代词，则不用倒装。
[典例]
1)Therecomestheteacherandherstudents.老师和她的学生们来了。
2)Outrushedtheboys.男孩们冲了出去。
[练习]汉译英
1)年轻的母亲抱着手里两个月大的婴儿跑开了。
___________________________________________________________________________________
2)走进来了生气的老板和他的秘书。
___________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1)Awayranthemotherwithatwo-month-oldbabyinherarms.2)Incametheangrybossandhissecretary.

3.Asimovbeganhavingstoriespublishedinsciencefictionmagazinesin1939.1939年，阿西莫夫开始在科幻杂志上发表文章。
[解释]
havesth.done表示“请某人做某事”，或“遭遇到某事”(宾语与宾补为被动关系)
havesb.do让某人做……
havesb./sth.doing让……不停地做……
[典例]
1)Wehadourphototakenbyapasser-by.我们请了个过路人给我们照相。
2)Becareful.It’seasytohaveyourpocketpickedinacrowdlikethis.小心点，在这样的人群中容易被偷。
3)Thecoachhasusdoingthesamethingallday.It’sboring.教练让我们整天做同样的事情，真乏味
4)Asyouhaveneverbeentherebefore,I’llhavesomeoneshowyoutheway.既然你以前没去过，那我找人带你去。
[练习]汉译英
1)与对手角逐时，他大腿受伤了不得不放弃比赛。
___________________________________________________________________________________
2)残忍的老板让他的工人们整天工作。
___________________________________________________________________________________
3)班主任让班长他不在时管理班级。
___________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1)Whenstrugglingwiththecompetitor,hehadhislegbrokenandhadtogiveupthematch.2)Thecruelbosshadhisemployeesworkingallthemorning.3)Theheadteacherhadthemonitormanagethewholeclasswhenhewasabsence.

二、课文要点
1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
Arobotusedforhouseworkwastested1inafamily.Helookedlikeatallandhandsomemanwithsmoothblackhair,2(speak)inadeepvoice.Larrywasgoingtobeawayfromhomesohehiredsucharobotto3（陪伴）hiswifeClaire.Clairedidn’tliketheideaatthebeginning,butshe4toitatlast.AtthefirstsightofTony,Clairefeltembarrassed.5（渐渐地）,TonybegantowinClaire’strust.HehelpedClairerealizeherdreams6makingherhomeelegant,givingheranewhaircut,changingthemakeupsheworeandgivingheradviceonherdresses.Thereforeatthepartyallsheguests7wereinvitedwerefilledwithadmiration8theysawherhousewascompletelychanged.9thetest,thecompanywassatisfiedwithTony’sreportbecausehehadsuccessfullymadeawomanregainherconfidence10fallinlovewithhim.

答案：1.out2.speaking3.accompany4.agreed5.Gradually6.by7.who
8.when9.After10.and

2课文大意概括（旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读课文，试着用30个单词概括课文大意，再比较答案
在Clair家接受测试的机器人Tony能帮上她很多忙。Clair渐渐地爱上了他因为他是如此完美的一个人。这使得这个机器人不得不再重新组装。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Tony,arobotwhichwastestedoutinClair’sfamilycouldhelpedClairealot.ClairegraduallyfellinlovewithTonybecausehewassuchaperfectman,whichcausedtherobottoberebuilt.

3课文佳句背诵与仿写（旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）
1.Hewastallandhandsomewithsmoothhairandadeepvoicealthoughhisfacialexpressionneverchanged.
他虽然面部表情毫无变化，但是个子高大、相貌英俊，头发平整，声音低沉浑厚。
[模仿要点]描写人物时使用多种修饰语
她是个善良可爱的小姑娘园园的脸，大大的眼睛，雪白的牙齿，留着波浪般的长发
______________________________________________________________________________
答案：Sheisakindandlovelygirl,witharoundface,bigeyes,whiteteethandlongwavinghair.
他是个长相很滑稽的男人，长长的胡须而没有头发
______________________________________________________________________________
答案：Heisafunny-lookingman,withathickmoustachebutnohairleft.

2.AlsoshefeltherhomewasntelegantenoughforsomeonelikeLarrywhowantedtoimprovehissocialposition.还有对于像拉里这样很想提高社会地位的人来说，她的家也不够高雅。
[模仿要点]Ais＋adjforsomeonelikeBwho-从句
对于像他的班长那样想考入名牌大学的人来说，Tom觉得自己还不够勤奋。
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答案：Tomthinkshehimselfisn’tdiligentenoughforsomeonelikehismonitorwhowishestoenterafamousuniversity2yearslater.
对于像他的哥哥那样想成为一名大作家的人来说，John觉得自己还不够聪明。
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答案：Johnfelthehimselfisnotcleverenoughforsomeonelikehisbrotherwhowantstobeafamouswriter.

3.IsaacAsimovwasAmericanscientistandwriterwhowrotearound480booksthatincludedmysterystories,scienceandhistorybooks,andevenbooksabouttheHolyBibleandShakespeare.艾萨克阿西莫夫是美国的科学家兼作家，他写过480本书，包括怪诞小说，科学和历史方面的书，甚至还写过有关圣经和莎士比亚的书。
[模仿要点]句子结构：一个复合句中含有两个定语从句
卓别林是一位伟大的演员，他饰演了70多部电影，其中包括了无声电影和有声电影。
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答案：Chaplinisanoutstandingactorwhomademorethan70filmsthatincludesilentfilmsandsoundfilms.

在过去或将来，这本书都是我们心灵的礼物，它记载了带来欢笑的瞬间和许多催人泪下的瞬间。
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答案：Thisbookisagiftforoursoul,whichrecordsboththemomentsthatcouldbringjoyandthemomentsthatcouldbringtears,inthepresentandthepast.

三、单元自测
1完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词数：233完成时间：14分钟难度：***
Iconsidermyselfsomethingofanexpertonapologies.Aquicktemperhasprovidedmewithplentyofopportunitiestomakethem.Inoneofmyearliest21,mymotheristellingme,"Dontwatchthe22whenyousay,Imsorry.Holdyourheadupandlookthepersoninthe23,sohellknowyoumeanit."
Mymotherthusmadethekeypointofasuccessfulapology:itmustbedirect.Youmustnever24tobedoingsomethingelse.Youdonotlookthroughapileofletterswhileapologizingtoaperson25inpositionafterblaminghimorherforamistakethatturnedouttobeyourfault.Youdonotapologizetoahostess,whoseguestofhonoryoutreat26,bysendingflowersthenextdaywithoutmentioningyourbadmanners.
Oneoftheimportantthingsyoushoulddoforaneffectiveapologyisreadinessto27theresponsibilityforourcarelessmistakes.Weareusedtomakingexcuses,whichleavesno28fortheotherpersontoforgiveus.Sincemostpeopleareopen-hearted,theno-excuseapologyleavesbothpartiesfeeling29aboutthemselves.That,afterall,isthepurposeofeveryapology.It30littlewhethertheapologizeriswhollyoronlypartlyatfault:answeringforonesactionsencouragesotherstotaketheirshareoftheblame.
21.A.dreamsB.coursesC.memoriesD.ideas
22.A.sideB.groundC.wallD.bottom
23.A.mindB.soulC.faceD.eye
24.A.pretendB.forgetC.refuseD.expect
25.A.poorerB.weakerC.worseD.lower
26.A.cruellyB.freelyC.roughlyD.foolishly
27.A.raiseB.performC.admitD.bear
28.A.situationB.needC.signD.room
29.A.wiserB.warmerC.betterD.cleverer
30.A.caresB.mattersC.dependsD.remains
[答案解析]
21．C名词词义辨析。紧接着的就是作者回忆出来的内容。
22．B与后面提到的“要抬起头”正好相反。
23．D道歉时看着对方的眼睛，以示真诚，在这一点上中西方是一样的。
24．A动词词义辨析。根据常识选定。
25．D词语搭配。职位一般论的是高、低。
26．C副词词词义辨析。roughly此处表示对待客人不礼貌，服务不到位。
27．D词语搭配。beartheresponsibility承担责任。
28．D名词词义辨析。leavenoroom不留余地。
29．Cbetter表示“心情更舒畅”。未找借口的道歉，即真诚的道歉，对方的感觉一定很好。
30．B道歉者是全部还是部分承担责任这些都不太重要：关键是为所作所为主动负责，这也能促使别人共同承担责任。
2语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。
词数：147完成时间：7分钟难度：***
Theoriginsofthemusicareas31(interest)asthemusicitself.Jazz32(invent)byAmericanNegroes,orblacks,astheyarecalledtoday,33werebroughttotheSouthernstatesasslaves.Theyweresoldtofarmownersand34(force)toworklonghoursinthecottonandtobaccofields.35aNegrodied,36friendsandrelativeswouldgatherandcarrythebodytohaveaceremony37theyburiedhim.Therewasalwaysabandwiththem.Onthewaytotheceremonythebandplayedslow,solemnmusic38（suit)forthesituation.Butonthewayhomethemoodchanged.Spiritslifted.Everyonewashappy.Death39(remove)oneoftheirmembers,but40livingweregladtobealive.Thebandplayedhappymusic.Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.ItwasanearlyformofJazz.
答案：
31．interesting32．wasinvented33．who34．forced35．When36．his37．before
38．suitable39．hadremoved40．the
31．interesting．令人有趣的……
32．wasinvented.Jazz是过去被黑人发明的，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
33．who．引导一个定语从句，指代前面的AmericanNegroes，orblacks，在从句中作主语。
34．forced．与前面的“theyweresold并列，省略了theywere。
35．When．引导一个时间状语从句。
36．his．根据这句话的最后一个单词him可以得知答案。
37．before．仪式是在埋葬死人之前举行的，所以用before。
38．suitable．(be)suitblefor固定搭配，形容词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的slow,solemnmusic。
39．hadremoved．因为remove这个动作发生在过去动作changed,1ifted，washappy，wereglad等的前面，所以要过去完成时。
40．the．the十adj．表—类人，theliving指“活着的人”。
3阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词数：335完成时间：7分钟难度：****
AbadWorkingMemory(大脑的工作记忆)–thebrainstemporarystoragebox--mayexplain,newresearchsuggests,whyonechildcannotreadhisorherhistorybookandanothergetslostinmath.Asmanyas10percentofschool-agechildrenmaysufferfrompoorworkingmemory.Britishresearcherssaidinareportlastweek,yettheproblemisrarelyidentified.
"Youcanthinkofworkingmemoryasapuremeasureofyourchildspotential.ManypsychologistsconsiderworkingmemorytobethenewIQ(智商),becausewefindthatworkingmemoryisoneofthemostimportantpredictors(预示物)oflearningability,saidDr.TraceyAllowayofBritain’sDurhamUniversity.
Manychildrenwithpoorworkingmemoryareconsideredlazyordull.Workingmemoryallowspeopletoholdintheirmindsanddealwithafewitems,suchastelephonenumbers,overashortperiodoftime.Allowaycomparesworkingmemorytoabox.Foradults,thebasicboxsizeisthoughttobethreetofiveitems.Itsimportant,therefore,toputintherightthings.Irrelevant(不相关的)informationwillclutterworkingmemory.
Thequestionmanyresearchersarestrugglingwithishowtohelpchildrenwiththisproblem,whichappearstobeclosely,relatedtoalackofattention.
"Inchildrenwithlearningdifficulties,itbecomesahugeissue,especiallyaroundmiddleschool,whenthedemandsonworkingmemoryreallygrow,"saidDr.MelLevine,co-founderofAllKindsofMinds,anonprofitorganizationinNorthCarolinathatstudieslearningdifficulties.
Memorytrainingmayhelpimproveworkingmemory.Allowayhasatoolthatallowsteacherstoassess(评定)theworking-memorycapacityofchildrenasyoungas4;ithasbeenusedin35schoolsacrossBritain.
Levine’sorganizationtrainsteachersthroughaprogramcalledSchoolsAttuned,whichisworkingwithseveralthousandschoolsacrosstheUnitedStates,CanadaandEurope.Whileheisnotsureworkingmemorycanbeexpanded,Levinesaidchildrencanbetaughtwaystodobetterinschool.
41.Whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofworkingmemory?
A.Ithasalimitedcapacity.
B.Itisusuallybetterinchildrenthanadults.
C.Itimproveswithuse.
D.Itcancausealackofattention.
42.Accordingtothenewresearch,___________.
A.theimportanceofworkingmemoryhasbeenlongrecognized
B.workingmemoryisbecomingrecognizedasafactorinintelligence
C.lazinesscanweakenworkingmemory
D.workingmemoryhelpspeoplerememberthingsforever
43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"clutter"inParagraph3probablymean?
A.Change.B.Improve.C.Strengthen.D.Confuse.
44.Whichofthefollowingmayhelpimproveachildsworkingmemory?
A.Expandingthebrainsstoragebox.
B.Trainingthememory.
C.Rememberingmorethings.
D.Beingremindedfrequently.
45.Accordingtothepassage,Dr.MelLevinehas___________.
A.inventedtoolstohelpimproveachildsworkingmemory
B.foundedanorganizationtotrainteacherstohelpstudentswiththisproblem
C.identifiedtheproblemclearly
D.comparedworkingmemorytoabox
答案：
本文介绍了学习障碍儿童（如数学障碍儿童）大脑的“工作记忆”容量方面的研究情况。大脑的“工作记忆”不好，会使孩子不能专心读书，百分之十的孩子有这方面的问题。很多心理学家认为应该把大脑的“工作记忆”可以看作是一种新智商，因为它可以反映人的学习能力。Alloway把大脑的“工作记忆”比作一个盒子，并认为它的容量是有限的。文章还告诉我们记忆训练可以帮助改善“工作记忆”。
41.A。事实细节题。根据第三段中的“Allowaycomparesworkingmemorytoabox.Foradults,thebasicboxsizeisthoughttobethreetofiveitems.”可知人的“工作记忆”就像一个盒子，它的容量是有限的。
42.B。推理判断题。根据第二段的“ManypsychologistsconsiderworkingmemorytobethenewIQ,becausewefindthatworkingmemoryisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsoflearningability”可知，很多心理学家认为workingmemory是一种新的智商，因为研究者发现workingmemory是衡量一个人学习能力的最重要的指标之一，因此可以把它看作是预测孩子智力的一个重要因素。
43.D。猜测词义题。根据第三段可知人的workingmemory是有限的，因此要去记那些重要的信息，不相关的信息只会使记忆更加混乱，所以选D。
44.B。事实细节题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Memorytrainingmayhelpimproveworkingmemory.”可知进行记忆训练会有助于改善“工作记忆”，因此B正确。
45.B。事实细节题。根据最后一段第一句“Levine’sorganizationtrainsteachersthroughaprogramcalledSchoolsAttuned”可知，Levine成立一个组织，这个组织培训老师，然后让老师们帮助学生改善“工作记忆”。
4.读写任务
阅读下面一篇一位美国朋友希望找个中国大学生作为游伴的博客短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Im19-year-old,namedBoobiSmith,ayoungcollegestudentfromUSA.IherebyearnestlyinviteaChineseyoungcollegestudentpreferringtomakeathree-weektouringtripwithmeinChina.
Myplan,basedonsometravellinginformationontheInternet,istosetoffnextweekendwhenthesummervacationofficiallybegins.ThefirststopisKunming,theworld-renownedcityforitsbeautyandmildtemperature.Wellgettherebytrainandstaytherefor2days,andthenwellheadforJinggangshan,aformerrevolutionarybaseaswellasanaturalbeautyspot.Aftera3-dayvisitthere,wewilltakealong-distancecoachtoanearbyportcitybytheChangjiangRiverandboardadownstreamshiptoShanghai,sothatwecanenjoythegreatsceneryalongsidethethirdlongestriverintheworld.Aseverybodyknows,ShanghaiisthebusiestandfastestdevelopingcityinChina.Idliketohavealookatitsprosperity,sothestaytherewillbeabouthalfaweek.A4-dayvisittothesetwocitiesnearShanghaiisamust.Alltogether,ourtripwilllastaboutthreeweeks.
Ionlyexpectthatmytravel-matecouldsplittheexpenseswithme,andtalkwithmeinEnglish,andheorshewouldbeanexcellentguide.
Thoseinterestedpleasecontactmethroughemail(SmithBoobie@ssnet.com).
[写作内容]
假如你叫李华，是一名就读大学生。你想和Boobie结伴同游。你写一封电子邮件和他联系，
谈谈你对这次同游的计划的打算，内容要点包括：
1．以约30个词概括Boobie的博客短文的要点；
2．然后以约120个词谈谈你对这次同游计划的打算，内容包括：
(1)对Boobie这次中国之游的感受；
(2)对Boobie的日程安排、费用分担情况和相关要求表示赞同，并说明赞同理由；
(3)你对Boobie来华旅游的祝愿和希望。
[写作要求]
1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用
原文中的句子；邮件的开头、结尾已写好。
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯：
[写作辅导]
1．写作有可能用到的主要短语和单词：中国之旅thejourneyinChina,安排arrangeforsth．
2．本文的概要必须包含以下要点：IherebyearnestlyinviteaChineseyoungcollegestudentpreferringtomakeathree-weektouringtripwithmeinChina./Myplan,basedonsometravelinginformationontheInternet,istosetoffnextweekend..../Ionlyexpectthatmytravel-matecouldsplittheexpenseswithme,andtalkwithmeinEnglish,andheorshewouldbeanexcellentguide.
3．本文要注意，概要一定要根据文段的时态来写。同时，绝对不能抄袭原文的句子。文章对Boobie的日程安排、费用分担情况和相关要求表示赞同，并说明赞同理由；对Boobie这次中国之游的感受；对Boobie来华旅游的祝愿和希望等内容，属于评论性文字和结论性的观点，故用一般现在时或一般将来时态。
DearBoobie,
Hi,IamaChinesecollegestudent.Inyourblog,
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答案:

DearBoohie,
Hi,IamaChinesecollegestudent.Inyourblog,Iknowthatyouwantatravel-matewhowillgowithyoutohaveathree-weektripinChina.Youalsooffermesomeinformationindetailsaboutthetravelplanandotherrequirementsaboutthistrip.
Iamabsolutelydelightedtogetsuchatravel-matefromtheUSA.Youcanenjoythebeautyofourcountry.Meanwhile,youwillbemygoodhelpertomyEnglishstudy.
Ishareyouropinionaboutyourplan.IhaveneverbeentoKunming,Jianggangshan,theChangjiangRiverandShanghai.ThisismyfirsttripwithanativeEnglishspeakertotravelinChina,whichisofgreathelptoimprovemyEnglish.IalsoliketosharetheexpenseswithyoubecauseIdontneedtoaskmyparentsformoremoney.AndIhaveworkedasapart-timeguidefortwoyearsduringmycollegelife,soIwillbeyouridealguide.
Iamlookingforwardtoyourreply,andyouwillenjoyyourjourneyinChina.
YoursTruly,
LiHua