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高中非谓语动词教案

发表时间:2020-12-04

高考英语二轮非谓语动词教案。

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高考英语二轮非谓语动词精讲及训练
动词不定式、分词(现在分词,过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语,所以叫做非谓语动词。
现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v+ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用,因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语,也就不受人称和数的限定,因为不是谓语,也就没有时态和语态,但这些词仍能表示动作和状态,所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系,因此也有表示主、被动的形式,同时也有自己的宾语和状语,一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语,分词短语,动名词短语)。非谓语动词在英语语法中占有特殊且重要的位置。非谓语动词形式多样,应用广泛,且在句中起着很活跃的作用,也是语法项目中的重点和难点,学好非谓语动词,才能正确进行口语和书面的交流。
(一)动词不定式:
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,如:tostudy,toplay,动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用,但仍留着动词的特征,它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语,如:tostudyhard,toplaytabletennis。
1.动词不定式的形式变化:动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。
语态式一般式完成式进行式完成进行式
主动tobuildtohavebuilttobebuildingtohavebeenbuilding
被动tobebuildtohavebeenbuild
2.动词不定式的基本用法:动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用,如:
(1)作主语:Tohelpeachotherisgood.(动词不定式作主语时,一般可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末,如:Itisgoodtohelpeachother.
(2)作表语:Myjobistodrivethemtothepowerstationeveryday.动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语,与表示将来时的be+动词不定式结构有所区别,如:Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。(句中的谓语动词为is,动词不定式tosetup…为表语,主语为plan,但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语,即动词不定式tosetup所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。)Wearetosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。(句中的aretosetup整个结构为句中谓语,主语为we,同时也是动词不定式tosetup所表示的动作的逻辑主语,即动词不定式tosetup所表示的动作是由we产生的)。
(3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语,如:Shewishestobeamusician.;②作某些形容词的宾语:可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad,sorry,afraid,pleased,determined,willing,eager,anxious,ready,sure等,如:Iamdeterminedtogiveupsmoking.;③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语,但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时,就可作介词的宾语,如:Canyougiveussomeadviceonwhattodonext?
(4)作宾语补足语,如:Tellthechildrennottoplayonthestreet.如果句中的谓语动词为see,hear,watch,notice,have,make,let等,作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去,如:Isawalittlegirlrunacrossthestreet.
(5)动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语时,须先用it作形式宾语,而将该动词不定式后置,如:Idon’tthinkitrighttodoitthatway.
(6)作定语:动词不定式作定语时,须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后,如:Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词,如:Heisthemantodependon.如果被不定式修饰的名词为place,time,way,不定式后面的介词,习惯上可以省去,如:Theoldmanislookingforaquietplacetolive.
(7)作状语:动词不定式可以作下列的状语:①目的状语:EverymorninghegetsupveryearlytoreadEnglish.为了强调不定式表示目的的作用,可在不定式前加inorderto或soasto(以便或为了),但应注意inorderto位于句首或句中均可,而soasto不能位于句首,如:ShereadsChinaDailyeverydayinorderto(soasto)improveherEnglish.将表示目的的不定式置于句首,也可强调目的的作用,如:Tomasteraforeignlanguage,onemustworkhardatit.②结果状语:Theylivedtoseetheliberationoftheirhometown.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too+形容词或副词+动词不定式,表示“足能…”的结果,如:Youareoldenoughtotakecareofyourselfnow.
3.复合结构不定式:由for+名词(或代词宾格)+动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语,这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语,如:Itisveryimportantforustogeteverythingreadyfortheharvest.当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语,这些形容词一般有good,nice,kind,wise,silly,stupid,foolish,right,wrong,careless,impolite等,如:Itisverykindofyoutohelphimeveryday.
4.疑问词+动词不定式:疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语,如:Howtopreventthemfromswimminginthisriverisaproblem.
5.动词不定式的否定式:动词不定式的否定式是由not+动词不定式构成,如:It’swrongofyounottoattendthemeeting.
6.动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系:(1)一般式:动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,但在多数情况下,是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生,如:Wedecidedtoplantmoretreesthisspring.(其后),Theyoftenwatchusplaytabletennis.(同时);(2)完成式:动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,如:Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.(3)进行式:动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中,而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,如:ShehappenedtobewritingaletterintheroomwhenIcamein.
7.动词不定式的被动语态用法:如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般就用被动语态形式,如:Whatistobedonenexthasn’tbeendecidedyet.
(二)动词-ing形式:动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征,可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。
1.-ing的形式:-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态,而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make和不及物动词go为例,将其-ing各种形式列表如下:
动词语态
形式及物动词make不及物动词go
主动语态被动语态主动语态
一般式makingbeingmadegoing
完成式havingmadehavingbeenmadehavinggone
2.-ing形式的基本用法。
(1)作主语:Seeingisbelieving.百闻不如一见。Talkingiseasierthandoing.–ing作主语时,如果其结构较长,可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的-ing后置。如:Itisn’tmuchgoodwritingtothemagain.It’snousewaitinghere.
(2)作表语:Herjobiswashingandcooking.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.
(3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语。Shelikesdrawingverymuch;②作某些短语动词的宾语。MaryisthinkingofgoingbacktoNewYork;③do+限定词(my,some,any,the等)+-ing,表示“做…事”之意,如:WeoftendoourcleaningonSaturdayafternoon.WillyoudoanyshoppingonSaturdaythisafternoon?④作介词的宾语:Hersisterisgoodatlearningphysics;⑤作形容词worth,busy等的宾语:Thisbookiswellworthreading.–ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时,要用it作为形式宾语,而将作宾语的-ing后置,如:Wefounditnogoodtalkinglikethat.Doyouthinkitnecessarytryingagain?
(4)作定语:Thesleepingchildisonlyfiveyearsold.Doyouknowthemanstandingatthegate?注:-ing形式作定语用时,如果-ing只是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是-ing短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后,-ing作定语时,被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。另外,-ing作定语用时,其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行的,如果不是同时进行的,就不能用-ing作定语,要使用定语从句,如:ThegirlwhowrotealetterthereyesterdaycanspeakEnglishverywell.
(5)作宾语补足语:Wecanseesteamrisingfromthewetclothes.注:当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时,句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语,可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see,watch,hear,observe,feel,find,have,keep等。
(6)作状语:①时间状语:SeeingTom,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofhisbrother.分词在句中作时间状语时,其前一般可加when或while,如:Whencrossingstreet,youmustbecareful.②原因状语:Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.③方式或伴随状语:MarystoodattheschoolgatewaitingforBetty.
3.主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。主动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前,一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语,并且是它所表示的动作的执行者,如:Havingansweredtheletter,shewentontoreadanEnglishnovel.
4.被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法。被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作,而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定语或状语用。如:Thetruckbeingrepairedthereisours.
5.被动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,在句中一般作状语用。如:Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.
6.-ing形式的复合结构。在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语,如:Yoursmokinganddrinkingtoomuchwilldoharmtoyourhealth.但在口语中,这种结构如作宾语用,其中的物主代词常用人称代词的宾格,名词的所有格常用名词的普通格代替,如:SheinsistedonPeter’s(orPeter)goingtherefirst.
7.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别。一般说来,表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式。表示一个具体某一次的动作时,多用动词不定式,如:Ourjobismakingsteel.Shelikesplayingthepiano,butshedoesn’twanttoplayittoday.
8.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别。-ing形式作定语用时,其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生,而动词不定式作定语时,其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。如:ThegirlwritingalettertherecanspeakEnglishverywell./Ihavethreeletterstowrite.
9.-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。(1)不定式作宾补时,其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后,如:Ihavetoldthemtocomeagaintomorrow.(2)在see,watch,hear,feel等之后,如果用-ing形式作宾补,表示其动作正在进行中,而用不带to的不定式作宾补时,不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程,如:Ihearhersingingintheroom.我听见她正在屋里唱歌。Ihearhersingintheroom.我听见她在屋里唱过歌。
10.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别。-ing形式在句作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况,而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时,一般是作目的或结果状语,如:Notreceivinghisletter,Iwrotetohimagain./Ilookedintothewindowtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.
(三)过去分词:
1.过去分词的基本用法:过去分词只有一种形式,也没有主动语态,它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时,其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者,如:
(1)作定语:过去分词作定语时,如果这个分词是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是分词短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词,就是该分词的逻辑主语,如:Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.
(2)作表语:过去分词作表语时,表示其逻辑主语所处的状态,其逻辑主语就是句中的主语,如:Theglassisbroken.这个玻璃杯是破的。注:过去分词作表语时,和动词的被动语态结构相似,但两者表达的意义不同,如:Theglasswasbrokenbymylittlebrother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词,如:crowded,devoted,discouraged,done,dressed,drunk,experienced,frightened,gone,hurt,interested,killed,known,learned,lost,pleased,satisfied,shut,surprised,tired,undressed,worried,astonished,broken,completed,covered等。
(3)作宾语补足语:过去分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语,如:WhenIopenedthedoor,Ifoundthegroundcoveredbyfallenleaves.注:动词have后的复合宾语中,宾语补足语如为过去分词,常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的,如:Ihadmybikerepairedyesterday.昨天我(找别人)把我的自行车给修了。
(4)作状语:过去分词作状语时,相当于一个状语从句,该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语,是过去分词所表示意义的逻辑宾语。为了使作状语的过去分词意义更加明确,常在分词前加when,if,while,though,as等连词,如:Seenfromthehill/Whenseenfromthehill,ourtownlooksbeautiful.;Givenmoretime/Ifgivenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.(we是该结构的逻辑主语,是give的逻辑宾语。)
独立主格:上述-ing和过去分词的用法中,-ing和过去分词在句中均有逻辑主语,但有时它们也能有自己的独立的主语,这种独立的主语,一般为名词或代词,位于其前之前,和-ing或过去分词构成独立主格。独立主格在句中一般只作状语用,而-ing和过去分词作用的形式,则要根据它们所表示的动作和句中谓语动词所表示的时间关系而定。至于独立主格中是使用-ing或是过去分词,则要根据它们的主语和其所表示的动作的主动被动关系而定,如:Thebellringing,weallstoppedtalking.注:Theworkhavingbeenfinished,shesatdowntohavearest.①独立结构中的being或havingbeen常可省去,如:Themeeting(being)over,alllefttheroom.②作伴随状语的独立结构常可用with短语来代替,如:Shereadtheletter,tearsrollingdownhercheeks./Shereadtheletterwithtearsrollingdownhercheeks.
2.-ing形式与过去分词的区别:
(1)语态不同:-ing形式表示主动概念,及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。aninspiringspeech鼓舞人心的演说;theinspiredaudience受鼓舞的听众。
(2)时间关系不同:现在分词所表示的动作一般是正在进行中的动作,而过去分词所表示的动作,往往是已经完成的动作,如:Thechangingworld正在发生的世界;thechangedworld已经起了变化的世界。
重难点剖析:
1.Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecould_______agoodcollege.
A.enterB.toenterC.enteringD.entered
陷阱:容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词could就断定此处应填动词原形enter。
分析:其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句,即在could后省略了动词do,若把句子补完整应为Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecoulddotoenteragoodcollege。即句中的不定式短语(toenteragoodcollege)是用作目的状语的,而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句:
(1)Theydidwhattheycouldtocomforther.他们尽量安慰她。
(2)Theydideverythingtheycouldtosaveherlife.他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。
(3)Hestudiesashardashecouldtocatchupwithhisclassmates.他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。
值得指出的是,这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题:
(4)Heranasfastashecould_____tocatchtheearlybus.
A.tohopeB.hopeC.hopingD.hoped
此题的答案是C不是A,其中的现在分词短语hopingtocatchtheearlybus用作伴随状语。
(5)Hespenteveryminutehecould_____spokenEnglish.
A.practiseB.topracticeC.practisingD.practised
此题答案选C,这与前面动词spent的搭配有关,即spend…(in)doingsth。若将此句补充完整,即为HespenteveryminutehecouldspendinpractisingspokenEnglish.
(6)Beforegoingabroadhedevotedallhecould____D____hisoralEnglish.
A.improveB.toimproveC.improvingD.toimproving
此题答案选D,注意两点:一是devote…to…是固定搭配,意为“把……贡献给……”;二是其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时要用动名词。
2.Heknowsnothingaboutit,sohecan’thelp_______anyofyourwork.
A.doingB.todoC.beingdoingD.tobedone
陷阱:容易误选B,根据can’thelpdoingsth这一结构推出。
分析:其实答案应选A。比较以下结构:
can’thelptodosth=不能帮助做某事
can’thelpdoingsth=禁不住做某事,情不自禁地做某事
又如下面一题,答案也是B:
Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.
AcleaningB.tocleanC.cleanedD.beingcleaned
再请看以下试题:
Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp_____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.
A.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded
此题应选C,句中的can’thelp意为“禁不住”(注意根据句意用被动形式)。
3.Allhertime_______experiments,shehasnotimeforfilms.
A.devotedtodoB.devotedtodoingC.devotingtodoingD.isdevotedtodoing
陷阱:几个干扰项均有可能误选。
分析:此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下:
(1)devote意为“致力于,献身于”,主要用devote…to…或bedevotedto,其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,故后接动词时要用动名词,不用不定式。
(2)选A错误:若将do改为doing则可以。
(3)选B正确:allhertimedevotedtodoingexperiments为独立主格结构,用作状语。
(4)选C错误:因为allhertime与devote为被动关系,故应将devoting改为devoted。
(5)选D错误:若单独看Allhertimeisdevotedtodoingexperiments,此句并没有错,但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式,所以从整体上看仍不对,假若在后一句的句首加上and或so,则可选D,或将D将中的is改为being也可选它。
请做以下类似题(答案均选A):
(1)Allthepreparationsfortheproject______,we’rereadytostart.
A.completedB.havebeencompletedC.hadbeencompletedD.beencompleted
(2)Such_______thecase,Icouldn’thelpbut______him.
A.being,supportB.was,supportC.hasbeen,supportingD.is,tosupport
比较以下各题,答案选B,因为句中使用了并列连词and:
(1)Allthepreparationsfortheproject______,andwe’rereadytostart.
A.completedB.havebeencompletedC.hadbeencompletedD.beencompleted
(2)Such_______thecase,Icouldn’thelpbut______him.
A.being,supportB.was,supportC.hasbeen,supportingD.is,tosupport
4.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,______itmoredifficult.
A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake
陷阱:容易误选C,受题干中的逗号的影响,认为是现在分词表结果的用法。
分析:其实答案应选B,句中的逗号相当于连词and或but,nottomakeitmoredifficult是对逗号前的不定式tomakelifeeasier的补充说明。此句的意思是“新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易,而不是使生活变得更困难”。两个不定式同时用以说明句子主语purpose的内容。请做以下类似试题(答案选B):
Thepurposeoftheschemeisnottohelptheemployersbut_____workforyoungpeople.
A.provideB.toprovideC.providingD.provided
5.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands______behindhisback.
A.tobetiedB.beingtiedC.tiedD.havingtied
陷阱:容易误选B。
分析:最佳答案为C。从意义上看,hands与tie的关系应属被动关系,故排除D。在A、B、C三个选项中,选项A比较容易排除,因为不定式表示将来意义,在此与语境不符。现将B和C作一比较:B为现在分词的被动式,它表示两层意义,一是表被动,二是表进行,也就是说hishandsbeingtied的实际意思是“他的手正在被捆住”,这显然与语境不符。而C为过去分词,它也表示两层意义,一是表被动,二是表示动词的完成或完成后的状态,此句中的withhishandstiedbehindhisback可视为手被捆在背后的一种状态。由此可知最佳答案为C。请看下面一题:
Anyone______tryingtotakeknivesonheardflightswouldbecaughtbythepolice.
A.findsB.foundC.beingfoundD.willfind
答案选B而不选C,其中的过去分词表示被动和完成。
比较下面两题,最佳答案是D不是A,现在分词的被动式表示被动和进行:
(1)Thecourthearsabout120casesayear;visitorsarewelcometoseeacase______.
A.arguedB.tobearguedC.tobearguingD.beingargued
(2)Thesilenceofthelibrarywassometimesbrokenbyanoccasionalcoughorbythesoundofpages_______.
A.turnedB.havingturnedC.tobeturnedD.beingturned
6.Remindme_______themedicinetomorrow.
A.oftakingB.takingC.totakeD.take
陷阱:容易误选A。受remindsbof(doing)sth这一常用结构的影响。
分析:最佳答案为C。比较以下三个结构:
remindsbof[about]sth=使某人想起某事
remindsbofdoingsth=提醒某人做过某事(暗示动作已发生)
remindsbtodosth=提醒某人去做某事(暗示动作尚未发生)
请看两个例句:
Iremindedhimofhispromise.我提醒他做过的诺言。
Mywiferemindedmeofseeingthatfilm.我妻子提醒我曾经看过那部电影。
Canyouremindmetophonehertomorrow?你明天能否提醒我给她打电话?
7.Onceyourbusinessbecomesinternational,_____constantlywillbepartofyourlife.
A.youflyB.yourflightC.flightD.flying
陷阱:几个干扰项均有可能误选。
分析:最佳答案为D。由于空格后出现了constantly这一副词,这就说明不能选B或C,因为B、C均为名词,不能受副词constantly的修饰。A和D均是可能的,因为其中有动词fly。但若选A,youfly是一个主谓结构,与其后的谓语willbe相冲突,所以只能选D,即动名词flying在此用作主语。
8.Notonlyshouldyougetused______underdifficultconditionsbutyoualsoyoupaymoreattention______yourworkwell.
A.towork,todoB.toworking,todoingC.towork,todoingD.toworking,todo
陷阱:容易误选A,认为两个空白处均应填不定式。
分析:正确答案为B,因为getusedto与payattentionto这两个结构中的to均为介词,不是不定式符号,故后接动词时要用动名词,不能动词原形。类似地,以下各结构中的to也是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时也应用动名词,而不是动词原形:
lookforwardtodoingsth盼望做某事
beopposedtodoingsth反对做某事
objecttodoingsth反对做某事
sticktodoingsth坚持做某事
getdowntodoingsth开始做某事
taketodoingsth喜欢上做某事
admittodoing承认做了某事
payattentiontodoingsth注意做某事
devoteone’stimetodoingsth把某人的时间用于(奉献于)做某事
beequaltodoingsth等于做某事,能胜任做某事
Whatdoyousaytodoingsth你认为做某事怎么样
9.Bothofmyparentsinsisted_______acomputerforme,butIdon’tthinkitisnecessary.
A.tobuyB.buyingC.onbuyingD.inbuying
陷阱:容易误选B,误认为insist后不能接不定式,但可以接动名词。
分析:答案应选C。其实,动词insist后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词,因为insist通常用作不及物动词;若语义上需接宾语,要借助介词on或upon,即用于insiston[upon](doing)sth;但它有时的确也可用作及物动词,不过其宾语通常只能是that从句,而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。如:
Heinsistedonseeingherhome.他坚持送她回家。
Iinsistedthathe(should)stay.我坚持要他留下。
10.“Doyouhaveanythingmore______,sir?”“No.Youcanhavearestordosomethingelse.”
A.typingB.tobetypedC.typedD.totype
陷阱:容易误选D,根据havesthtodo这一常用结构推出。
分析:最佳答案是B。确实,在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中,用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义,如Ihavesomeclothestowash等,即尽管其中的someclothes与其后的不定式towash具有被动关系,但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。但值得指出的是,这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系,如Ihavesomeclothestowash中的towash就是由该句主语I来完成的。而上面一题的情形有所不同,即其中的totype这一动作不是由句子主语you来完成的,而是由说话者“我”来完成的。比较:
AreyougoingtoShanghai?Doyouhaveanythingtotaketoyourson?你要去上海吗?你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗?
I’mgoingtoShanghainextweek.Ihavealotofthingstotakewithme.下个星期我要去上海,我随身要带很多东西去。
11.Shetookherson,ranoutofthehouse,_____himinthecaranddrovequicklytothenearestdoctor’soffice.
A.putB.toputC.puttingD.havingput
陷阱:容易误选B或C,误认为这考查非谓语动词的用法。
分析:正确答案选A。句中的took,ran,put,drove为四并列的谓语动词,其时态应一致。类似地如(答案选A):
Igotoutofthetaxi,_____thefareanddashedintothestation.
A.paidB.payingC.topayD.havingpaid
但是,下面一题稍有不同:
Hearingthenews,herushedout,______thebook______onthetableanddisappearedintothedistance.
A.left;lainopenB.leaving;lyingopenC.leaving;lieopenedD.left;layopened
此题答案选B,leaving在此表结果,lyingopen与其前的动词leave有关,leave后接现在分词作宾语补足语,表示使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中。
12.Thebossinsistedthateveryminute______madefulluseof______theworkwell.
A.be,todoB.was,doingC.be,doingD.was,todo
陷阱:容易误选B。
分析:其实正确答案是A。分析如下:
(1)第一空填be,是因为insisted后接that从句,从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气,其中的should也可省略。
(2)第二空要填todo,是因为此句谓语为被动语态,假若将此句转换成主动语态,则是…shouldmakefulluseofeveryminutetodotheworkwell,句中涉及makeuseof…todosth(利用……做某事)这一结构。另外,还有makethemostof(尽量利用),makethebestof(尽量利用)等短语也可能用于此类试题。请看以下类似例子:
(1)Theoldprofessortolduseverypartofthematerialsshouldbemadeuseof______thepowerstation.
A.tobuildB.buildingC.buildD.built
此题答案选A,不是B。为便于理解,可先考虑以下结构:
…makeuseofeverypartofthematerialstobuildthepowerstation
由此可见,makeuseof的宾语是everypartofthematerials,其后的不定式tobuildthepowerstation为目的状语。
(2)Doesthewayyouthoughtof_______thewatercleanmakeanysense?
A.makingB.tomakeC.howtomakeD.havingmade
13.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.
A.carriedoutB.carryingoutC.carryoutD.tocarryout
陷阱:几个干扰项均有可能误选。
分析:答案选A。此句结构较复杂,现分析如下:
(1)thattheywouldliketosee_____thenextyear是修饰名词theplan的定语从句。
(2)由于theplan与空格处的carryout有被动关系,故填过去分词carriedout。
请做以下类似试题:
(1)Whodoyouthinkyou’dlike_____withyou,aboyoragirl?
A.tohavegoB.tohavetogoC.tohavegoneD.havingtogo
在确定答案之前,我们先来看看下面这个句子:
IthinkI’dliketohaveaboygowithme.
句中的go要用原形,这是因为其前有表示使役的动词have。在此句中,假若对名词aboy提问,便可得出:
Whodoyouthinkyou’dliketohavegowithyou?
对照上面一题,答案很显然是A。
(2)Whodidtheboss_____hiscarthistime?
A.makewashB.maketowashC.makewashingD.makingtowash
在做此题之前,也请先看看下面这个句子:
ThebossmadeJackwashhiscarthistime.
假若对句中的名词Jack提问,便可得出:
Whodidthebossmakewashhiscarthistime?
由此可知上面题答案为A。
(3)YoucanneverimaginewhatgreatdifficultyIhad______yourhouseallbymyself.
A.foundB.findingC.tofindD.forfinding
此题答案选B。考查的基本结构是havegreatdifficulty(in)doingsth。
14.Howhappyweare!Theholidaywehavebeenlookingforward_______atlast.
A.tohascomeB.tohavecomeC.tohavingcomeD.hascome
陷阱:几个干扰项均有可能误选。
分析:其实正确答案是A。大家知道,短语lookforwardto意为“盼望”,其中的to是介词,而不是不定式符号,所以后接动词要用动名词,许多同学据此便选择了C。但问题是,句中介词to的宾语不是havecome,而是theholiday。正解的句子分析是:theholiday为句子主语,wehavebeenlookingforwardto是修饰主语的定语从句(介词to的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that,被省略),hascome是句子谓语。请做以下类似试题:
(1)Themanyoureferredto_____justnow.
A.comesB.comeC.comingD.came
答案选D,句子主语为theman,youreferredto为修饰theman的定语从句,空白处填came,为句子谓语。
(2)Thetheoryhesticksto______tobeofnouseinourstudies.
A.provesB.proveC.provingD.beproved
答案选A,hesticksto是修饰主语thetheory的定语从句,句子的基本结构为Thetheoryprovestobeofnouseinourstudies.
(3)Theworkhedevotedhistimeto_____worthpraising.
A.wasB.beC.beingD.been
答案选A,hedevotedhistimeto是修饰主语thework的定语从句。句子的基本结构为Theworkwasworthpraising.
(4)Ithinkthisistheveryworkthatwemustfinish____her.
A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped
答案是A。句中空格处填的动词help并不是finish的宾语,正确的句子分析是:thatImustfinish是修饰名词theverywork的定语从句,finish的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that,其后的不定式tohelpher是目的状语。
(5)Whichdoyouenjoy____yourweekend,swimmingorfishing?
A.spendingB.beingspentC.spendD.tospend
答案选D。enjoy的宾语是句首的疑问词which,不是其后的动词spending。此题中的tospend…用作目的状语。
(5)Whattheboyenjoys_____tohavearoomofhisown.
A.beingB.tobeC.isD.are
答案选C,而不选A。whattheboyenjoys是主语从句,空格处填的is为谓语动词。
(6)Nothingthathesuggested_____tobeofanyuse.
A.proveB.provedC.provingD.toprove
答案选B,而不选C。句子主语是nothing,thathesuggested是修饰主语的定语从句,suggested的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that,而不是其后的动词;句子谓语是proved。全句意为“他建议的情况没有一条是有用的。”
(7)Theoldhousewepaidavisit_____atthetopofthehill.
A.standingB.tostandC.tostandingD.tostands
答案选D。wepaidavisitto是修饰theoldhouse的定语从句,句中的stands为主句谓语。
(8)Thelifeheisnowused_____quitedifferentfromours.
A.isB.tobeC.tobeingD.tois
答案选D。句中heisnowusedto是修饰thelife的定语从句,to后的动词is是句子的谓语,句意为“他现在习惯的这种生活与我们的生活很不相同”。
(9)Theworkhepaidspecialattention_____tonothing.
A.cameB.tocomeC.tocomingD.tocame
答案选D。句中的hepaidspecialattentionto是修饰thework的定语从句,to后的动词came是句子的谓语,句意为“他特别关注的那项工作泡汤了”。
(10)Theresultwhathesaidwouldlead_____hisregretinthefuture.
A.isB.tobeC.tobeingD.towas
答案选D。句中whathesaidwouldleadto是修饰theresult的定语从句,to后的动词was是句子的谓语,句意为“他所说的话将导致的结果是他今后的后悔”。
15._______theroadroundtotherightandyou’llfindhishouse.
A.FollowB.FollowingC.TofollowD.Followed
陷阱:容易误选B或C,误认为这是非谓语动词作状语。
分析:正确答案选A。根据句中的连词and可推知它是一个并列句。假若将此题改为下面这样,则答案为B:
_______theroadroundtotheright,you’llfindhishouse.
A.FollowB.FollowingC.TofollowD.Followed
但是,若改成下面一题这样,则答案为C(不定式短语表目的):
_______theroadroundtotheright,theblindmanaskedaboytoguidehim.
A.FollowB.FollowingC.TofollowD.Followed
请做以下试题,答案均选A,都是因为句中的并列连词and(填空句为祈使句):
(1)_______tothetopofthehill,andyoucanseethewholeofthetown.
A.GetB.TogetC.GettingD.Havinggot
(2)______themilkandsetagoodexampletotheotherchildren.
A.DrinkB.TodrinkC.DrinkingD.Havingdrinking
(3)______me,andthentrytocopywhatIdo.
A.WatchB.WatchingC.TowatchD.Havewatching
(4)_____throughthisbookandtellmewhatyouthinkofit.
A.LookB.LookingC.TolookD.Havinglooked
(5)_____itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.
A.LeaveB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Whenleft
有时不用连词连接句子,而用破折号,情况也是一样(答案均选A)。如:
(6)_____downtheradio—thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.
A.TurnB.TurningC.toturnD.Tohaveturned
(7)_____someofthisjuice—perhapsyouwilllikeit.
A.TryB.TryingC.TotryD.Tohavetried
以下各题也应选A,是因为句中的从属连词when,before,until等(填空句为祈使句):
(8)______himenoughtimetogethomebeforeyoutelephone.
A.GiveB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given
(9)______leftwhenyougettotheendofthestreet.
A.KeepB.KeepingC.TokeepD.Kept
(10)______yourhandoveryourmouthwhenyoucough.
A.PutB.PuttingC.ToputD.Tobeputting
(11)______untilthelightshaveturnedtogreen.
A.WaitB.TowaitC.WaitingD.Havingwaited
(12)______thepiecesofclothwithaloosestitchbeforefinallysewingthemtogether.
A.JoinB.TojoinC.JoiningD.Joined
以下各题也应选A,因为填空句为祈使句:
(13)Idon’twanttolistenalongstory—just_____metheresult.
A.tellB.tellingC.totellD.tobetelling
(14)Whystandtherewatching—_____andhelpus!
A.comeB.comingC.tocomeD.tobecoming
(15)Don’twasteyourmoneyonsillythings—______it.
A.saveB.tosaveC.savingD.havingsaved
(16)First______thericebywashingit,then______itinboilingwater.
A.prepare,cookB.preparing,cookingC.preparing,cookD.prepare,cooking
(17)Totesteggs,_____theminabowlofwater:iftheyfloatthey’rebad,iftheysinkthey’regood.
A.putB.puttingC.toputD.tobeputting
但是请注意,类似下面这样的题目情形有所不同,所填部分为目的状语(用不定式,即答案选B):
(18)______Frenchwell,shewenttoFrancetolivewithhiscousins.
A.StudyB.TostudyC.StudyingD.Havingstudied
(19)_____lateinthemorning,Mr.Smithturnedoffthealarm.
A.SleepB.TosleepC.SleepingD.Havingslept
(20)______thefliesout,wehadtoshutallthedoorsandwindows.
A.KeepB.TokeepC.KeepingD.Havingkept
(21)______theirservice,theworkersofthehotelareactiveinlearningEnglish.
A.ImprovingB.ToimproveC.ImproveD.Havingimproved

1.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman______hishandintothepocketofapassenger.
A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting
2.Whenyou’relearningtodrive,_______agoodteachermakesabigdifference.
A.haveB.havingC.andhaveD.andhaving
3.Ifeltitagreathonour______tospeaktoyou.
A.toaskB.askingC.tobeaskedD.havingasked
4.Iwouldlove_______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.
A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone
5.Beforeyoudecidetoleaveyourjob,_______theeffectitwillhaveonyourfamily.
A.considerB.consideringC.toconsiderD.considered
6.Robertissaid_______abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.
A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying
7.ItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_______.
A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit
8.Anyone_______bags,boxes,orwhatever,wasstoppedbythepolice.
A.seencarryB.seencarryingC.sawtocarryD.sawcarrying
9.MrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_______someschoolsforpoorchildren.
A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup
10.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_______.
A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught
11.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_______theflower-linedgarden.
A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin
12.Totesteggs,_______theminabowlofwater:iftheyfloatthey’rebad,iftheysinkthey’regood.
A.putB.puttingC.toputD.tobeputting
13.“WhereisDavid?”“Heisupstairs______readytogoout.”
A.togetB.gettingC.tobegettingD.havinggot
14.“Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?”“________enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.”
A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.tobegetting
15.Hewasreadinghisbook,completely_______totheworld.
A.lostB.losingC.toloseD.tohavelost
16.Welookedeverywhereforthekeys,buttheyarenowhere_______.
A.tofindB.tohavefoundC.tobefoundD.beingfound
17.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_______.
A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotdo
18.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_______inthekitchen.
A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked
19.Findinghercarstolen,_______.
A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchingthoroughly
C.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp
20.“Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?”“Thekey______theproblemistomeetthedemand______bythecustomers.”
A.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made
21.“WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?”“_______hernewbike.”
A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing
22.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_______nothingcanbedonetochangeit.
A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun
23.Though________money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.
A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin
24.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_______totheparty.
A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited
25.ThoughIhaveoftenheardthissong_______.Ihaveneverheardyou_______it.
A.beingsung,sangB.sang,singingC.sung,singD.tobesung,tosing
26.Heisamanoffewwords,andseldomspeaksuntil_______to.
A.spokenB.speakingC.speakD.bespoken
27.WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson_______.
A.tosendB.forsendingitC.tosendittoD.forsendingitto
28._______ontime,thismedicinewillbequiteeffective.
A.TakingB.BeingtakenC.TakenD.Havingtaken
29.Thefilmstarwalkedtohiscar,______acrowdofjournalists.
A.followedbyB.followingbyC.tofollowD.tobefollowedby
30.Afterdescribingtheplannedimprovements,shewenton_______howmuchtheywouldcost.
A.toexplainB.explainingC.tobeexplainingD.havingexplained
31.Pleaseexcuseme_______yourletterbymistake.
A.toopenB.tohaveopenedC.foropeningD.inopening
32.Pleaseremember_______theplantswhileI’maway.
A.wateringB.tobewateringC.towaterD.beingwatering
33.CertainlyIpostedyourletter—Iremember______it.
A.postingB.topostC.tobepostingD.haveposted
34.Stop_______metohurryup.Icanonlygosofast.
A.totellB.tellingC.tohavetoldD.havingtold
35.Remember_______offthelightwhen_______tobed.
A.turning,goingB.toturn,togoC.turning,togoD.toturn,going
36._______time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.
A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given
37._______in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.
A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedFoundedD.Founding
38.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe________.
A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars
39.Thepicture_______onthewallispaintedbymynephew.
A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung
40.Withalotofdifficultproblems________,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.
A.settledB.settingC.tosettleD.beingsettled
41.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.
A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen
42.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_______totheparty.
A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited
43.“Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?”“I’dliketohavethispackage_______.”
A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed
44.Whathavewesaid_______hersohappy?
A.makesB.tomakeC.madeD.hasmade
45.Whatworriedthechildmostwas______tovisithismotherinthehospital.
A.hisnotallowingB.hisnotbeingallowedChisbeingnotallowedD.havingnotbeingallowed
46.“Whichsweaterisyours?”“Theone_______No.9.”
A.thatmarkedB.wasmarkedwithC.whichmarkedD.markedwith
47.Ifthecarwon’tstart,_____it.
A.trypushB.trypushingC.totrypushingD.totrytopush
48.Theystayedupuntilmidnight_____theoldyearoutandthenewyearin.
A.andsawB.toseeC.seeingD.forseeing
答案与解析:
1.选D。catchsbdoingsth意为“碰上某人在做某事”或“逮住某人做某事”。
2.选B。这是一个含when引导时间状语从句的主从复合句,havingagoodteacher在主句中用作主语。
3.选C。句中的it为形式主语,不定式tobeaskedtospeaktoyou为真正主语,因“我”与ask为被动关系,故用被动式。
4.选B。like和love后接不定式或动名词均可,但wouldlove/like后只能接不定式,据此可排除选项C、D。表示过去未曾实现的愿望,其后要接不定式完成式,即选B。
5.选A,before引导的是时间状语从句,填空句为主句,而此主句为一祈使句,故动词用原形。其中itwillhave…为修饰名词theeffect的宾语从句。
6.选A。根据句中的studied可知,他曾到国外留过学,也就是说“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作(issaid)之前,故用完成式,即选A。
7.选C。dowith与what连用可以表示“处置”、“放置”、“利用”等。如:
WhatshallIdowithit?怎样处置它好呢?
Whathaveyoudonewithmyumbrella?你把我的雨伞放到哪里去了?
Idon’tknowwhattodowiththisstrangeobject.我不知道这怪东西有什么用。
8.选B。anyoneseencarryingbags…为anyonewhowasseencarryingbags之略,其中过去分词短语seencarryingbags…用作定语修饰代词anyone。另外,句中的whowasseencarryingbags为seesbdoingsth这一结构的被动式。
9.选B。devote…to…的意思是“把……贡献给……”或“致力于……”,其中to是介词,不是不定式符号,若后接动词要用动名词。句中的hehad为定语从句,用以修饰all,注意不将hadto视为同一个语义结构。
10.选C。leadto意为“导致”,其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,若后接动词要用
动名词。由于逻辑主语thethief与catch为被动关系,故答案选C。
11.选D。lookforwardto意为“期盼”,其中to是介词,后接动词要用动名词。注意不能选B,因为payavisit不能带theflower-linedgarden作宾语,假若在payingavisit后加上介词to,则可选B。
12.选A。句首的totesteggs为目的状语,填空句为祈使句谓语,故要用动词原形。
13.选B。现在分词短语表伴随。
14.选C。togetenoughproteinandnutrition表目的。
15.选A。(be)losttosth为习语,意为“不再受某事物的影响”、“将某事物置之度外”。
16.选C。因keys与find是被动关系。
17.选A。不定式的否定式总是将否定词not置于不定式符号to之前,而不能置于其后,同时结合tellsb(not)todosth这一结构可排除选项C、D。当不定式的动词是前面已出现过的相同的动词时,为避免重复,通常省略该不定式而只保留不定式符号to。
18.选B。find后可接现在分词(表示动作在进行)或过去分词(表被动关系)作宾语补足语,但是不接不定式。另外,由于he与smoke是主动关系,故选B。
19.选D。非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子主语。比较四个选项,findinghercarstolen的逻辑主语显然是she,而不是apoliceman,thearea,it等,故选D。
20.选B。thekeyto…意为“……的关键”,其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,若后接动词要用动名词。另一方面,名词demand与make是被动关系(makedemands提出要求),同时根据句中的bythecustomers,可确定答案选B。
21.选C。答句是针对疑问词what的回答,而问句中的疑问词what在句中用作主语,所以答句也应是一个能用作主语的东西,比较四个选项,只有C合适。其完整回答形式为LosinghernewbikemadeMarysoupset.比较,下面一题要填不定式,因为四个选项中只有Tochooseanewchairman能回答疑问词why:
“Whywasaspecialmeetingcalled?”“______anewchairman.”
A.ChooseB.Choosing
C.TochooseD.Chosen
22.选D。由于theresearch与begin是被动关系,故用过去分词begun。Oncebegun可视为onceitisbegun之省略。
23.选C。由于hisparents与lackmoney(缺钱)是主动关系,故用现在分词,又因为lack是及物动词,故后接宾语无需用介词,故选C。
24.选D。非谓语动词的否定式要将否定词not放在整个非谓语动词之前,据此可排除A、C。另外,由于Tony与invite是被动关系,故选D。
25.C。第一空填sung,因为song与sing是被动关系;第二空填sing,因为you与sing是主动关系。
26.选A。untilspokento可视为untilheisspokento之略。
27.选C,不定式短语tosenditto用作状语,修饰其前的名词theperson。注意句尾的介词to不能省略,因为被修饰的名词theperson为介词to的逻辑宾语。
28.选C。thismedicine与动词take为被动关系,故用过去分词。
29.选A。从句意上看,人群跟在明星后面,反过来,明星便是被人群跟着。
30.选A。goondoingsth=继续做同一事情,goontodosth=做完某事后续继做某事。
31.选C。excusesbfordoingsth意为“原谅某人做了某事”。
32.选C。rememberdoingsth=记住曾经做过的事,remembertodosth=记住要做的事。
33.选A。rememberdoingsth=记住曾经做过的事,remembertodosth=记住要做的事。
34.选B。根据下文的Icanonlygosofast知前文应是叫对方不要老催自己快走。比较:stopdoingsth=停止做某事,stoptodosth=停下正在做的事去干另一事。
35.选D。一是分清以下两个结构:remembertodosth=记住做某事,rememberdoingsth=记住曾做过某事;二是注意whengoingtobed相当于whenyougotobed。
36.选D。由于动词give与其逻辑主语he是动宾关系,故用过去分词,即选D。其中Giventime可视为Ifheisgiventime之略。
37.C。由于Harvard(哈佛大学)与found(建立)是被动关系,且因句中有in1636,故选C。注意不能选B,否则前后两句之间缺少必要的连词。
38.选D,由于remain为不及物动词,所以包含过去分词remained的A和C不宜选(因为两者均含有被动意味);选项B也不宜选,不定式toremain用作修饰20dollars的后置定语,由于彼此之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,故不妥(因为remain不及物)。现在分词remaining的意思是“剩下的“。
39.选B。动词hang表示“悬挂”时,可用作及物或不及物动词,此处填hanging或hung均可,但不能填beinghung,因为它表示动作正在进行,而此处表示的是一种悬挂的状态。
40选C。“with+名词+不定式”的意思是“有……要……”。又如:
Ican’tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash.要洗这些衣服,我无法出去了。
WithsuchgoodcardrestocarryouttheParty’spolicywefeelsafe.有这样的好干部执行党的政策,我们感到放心。
41.选B。remain作“尚需”解,是连系动词,其后要接不定式作表语。由于see与it(形式主语,指whethertheywillenjoyit)是动宾关系,因此用不定式的被动式。
42.选D。否定词not应放在动名词之前,故排除A、C;又因为Tony与invite是被动关系,故选D。
43.选D。“have+名词或代词+过去分词”结构在此表示“请某人做某事”。
44.选B。tomakehersohappy是结果状语。注意词序Whathavewe…,不是Whatwehave…。比较下面一题(答案选D):
Whatwehavesaid________hersohappy.
A.makesB.tomake
C.madeD.hasmade
45.选B。否定词not应放在-ing形式之前,逻辑主语his之后,由此可排除C和D;又因为thechild与allow是被动关系,故选B。
46.选D。markedwith可视为whichismarkedwithNo.9之略。
47.选B。注意句首为if引导的条件状语从句,填空句为祈使句,故第一个动词应是try,不应是totry;另外,trydoingsth的意思是“做某事试试看有何效果”。
48.选B。不定式表目的。

1.—Canyourideahorse?—No,Ineverhadthechance____.
A.forlearningitB.forlearninghowC.howtolearnitD.tolearnhow
2.Paulsaid,“Givemeachair_____.”
A.tositB.sitC.sitonD.tositon
3.Irantoofast______whereIwasgoing.
A.tonoticeB.formetonoticeC.tonoticeformeD.andnotice
4.—Haveyouenjoyedyourvisithere?—Yes,I’llbeverysorry______.
A.forleavingB.ofleavingC.toleaveD.withleaving
5.—I’llhelpyouwheneveryouneedme.—Good.I’dlike_____metomorrow.
A.youhelpingB.thatyouwillhelpC.youtohelpD.thatyouhelp
6.—Ididn’thearyoucomeinlastnight.—That’sgood.Wetried_____noisy.
A.notbeB.nottobeC.tobenotD.tonotbe
7.Becauseofairpollutionbeinggreatlyreduced,thiscityisstill______.
A.agoodplacewhichtobelivedinB.livedasagoodplace
C.agoodplacetoliveinD.livinginasagoodplace
8.—Whywastheofficialmeetingcalled?—______newofficers.
A.SelectB.SelectingC.ToselectD.Forselecting
9.—Wheredidhego?—Hewenttoanotherstore______.
A.tobuypencilsB.forbuyingpencilsC.buypencilsD.buyingpencils
10.—Mybabyhasahearttrouble.—Didthedoctorfinditdifficult______?
A.intreatingB.treatingC.fortreatingD.totreat
11.—Didthejudgeaskyoumanyquestions?—Yes,and______.
A.theyweredifficulttobeansweredB.toanswerthemwastobedifficult
C.theyweredifficulttoanswerD.theyhaddifficultyinanswering
12.Thatbeggarseems_____anythingyesterday.
A.nottohaveeatenB.nottoeatC.didn’teatD.tonothaveeaten
13.Thelostchilddesirednothingbut_____home.
A.goB.togoC.goingD.went
14.Thatboxis____.
A.tooheavyformetocarryB.tooheavyformetocarryit
C.soheavyformetocarryD.veryheavyformetocarry
15.Wouldyoube______todomeafavour,please?
A.sokindasB.tookindC.askindasD.enoughkind
16.TolearntospeakEnglishwell,_____.
A.muchpracticeisneededB.oneneedsmuchpractice
C.muchpracticeisneededbyoneD.oneisneededmuchpractice
17.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident______losehisjob.
A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto
18.LastsummerItookacourseon______.
A.howtomakedressesB.howdressesbemadeC.howtobemadedressesD.howdressestobemade
19.Thehouseisnotlargeenough____.
A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forliving
20.Nobodylikes______.
A.tospeakillofB.tobespokenillofC.speakingillofD.spokenillof
21.Iknowhim______agoodfootballplayerwhileincollege.
A.tohavebeenB.tobeC.wasD.hadbeen
22.Iwassurprised______.
A.watchinghimtoeatsoquicklyB.watchhimeatsoquickly
C.watchinghimeatsoquicklyD.towatchhimeatsoquickly
23.Mr.Whitewasseen______thePalaceMuseum.
A.enterB.toenterC.enteredD.toentering
24.IsawMary____thehouse.
A.openthedoorandgointoB.toopenthedoorandtogointo
C.openthedoorandtogointoD.openthedoorandwentinto
25.Pauldoesnothingbut_____alldaylong.
A.playB.toplayC.playingD.played
26.Nowwecouldnotdoanythingbut______forhimhere.
A.waitedB.waitingC.towaitD.wait
27.Idon’tknowherandIdon’t______.
A.wantB.wanttoC.wantitD.towant
28.—Gotothetheatrewithme,willyou?—Ishouldlike______,butIdon’thavetime.
A.toB.tooC.todoD.togoto
29.Toplayfairisasimportantas______.
A.toplaywellB.playwellC.weplaywellD.playingwell
30.Itisthegreatesthappinessonearth______.
A.lovingandtobelovedB.toloveandbeingloved
C.toloveandtobelovedD.loveandbeloved
31._____isbettertolovethan_____.
A.That,tobelovedB.That,belovedC.It,belovedD.It,tobeloved
32.It’sveryfoolish_____it?
A.foryoutosayB.ofyoutosayC.withyousayingD.inyoursaying
33.It______metwohourstofindyournewhouse.
A.costB.tookC.spentD.used
34.Wedidnotexpectouroffer_____soquickly.
A.rejectedB.torejectC.toberejectedD.rejecting
35.Hetoldher______thereatonce.
A.getB.getsC.shouldgetD.toget
36.Weallthinkitmostfoolish______thismistake.
A.foryoumakingB.ofyoutomakeC.youtomakeD.foryoutomake
37.Ireallydon’tknow____.
A.toswimB.howtoswimC.toswimhowD.howswim
38.—WhatdoyouthinkaboutEnglish?—It’sadifficultlanguage_____
A.speakingB.tobespokenC.tospeakD.spoken

1~5DDACC6~10BCCAD11~15CABAA16~20BBAAB
21~25ADBAA26~30DBAAC31~35DBBCD36~38BBC

1.Aliensaidthathistripwas_______.
A.interestedB.interestC.interestingD.ofinterest
2.Wecan’tunderstand______adecisionuntilitistoolate.
A.himtopostponetomakeB.hispostponingtomake
C.himtopostponemakingD.hispostponingmaking
3.Icouldn’tunderstand______atthepoorchild.
A.youtolaughB.youlaughC.whylaughD.youlaughing
4.It’snouse______withhim.Youmightaswell______withastonewall.
A.arguing,argueB.toargue,arguingC.arguing,arguingD.toargue,argue
5.Itisnogood______today’sworkfortomorrow.
A.toleaveB.leavingC.thatyouleaveD.leave
6.Theoldman’s______pityonthesnakeledtohisowndeath.
A.takeB.takingC.beingtakenD.have
7.It’sverykind______you______sayso.
A.of,toB.for,toC.to,toD.of,/
8.Somepeople’sgreatestpleasureis______.
A.fishingB.tofishC.tobefishD.beingfishing
9.Remember______thebook,whenyouhavefinishedit.
A.puttingbackB.havingputbackC.toputbackD.willputback
10.Youdidn’thearuscomebacklastnight.That’sgood.Wetried______noisy.
A.tonotbeB.nottobeC.beingnotD.notbeing
11.Thoughhefailed,hetried_______itagainandagain.
A.todoB.doingC.doD.done.
12.You’llregret______thosewords.Youmayhurtherfeelings.
A.sayB.tosayC.havingsaidD.tohavesaid
13.Youcankeepthebookuntilyou______.
A.havefinishedreadingB.finishtoread
C.willfinishreadingD.havefinishedtoread
14.Wearelookingforwardto______anotherchance______itagain.
A.begiven,totryB.give,totryC.giving,tryingD.having,totry
15.Mostofthestudentsenjoy_____stamps.
A.collectB.tocollectC.collectingD.collected
16.Excusemefor_____inwithout______.
A.coming,askingB.coming,beingasked
C.tocome,askingD.tocome,beingasked
17.Peoplecouldn’thelp______thefoolishgirl.
A.laughatB.tolaughatC.laughingatD.laughing
18.“Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?”“Oh.excellent,it’sworth_______asecondtime.”
A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread
19.“Iusuallygotherebytrain.”“Whynot______byboatforachange?”
A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing
20.Iwastooexcited______.
A.speakB.tospeakC.nottospeakD.speaking
21.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered______thefirstcomputer.
A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented
22.Itisnouse_____tocomenow.Heisbusy.
A.askhimB.toaskhimC.thatyouaskhimD.askinghim
23.Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands_______behindhisback.
A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied
24.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter____afterdrinking.
A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdriviD.neverdrive.
25.Thecomputercentre,______lastyearisverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.
A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened.
26.Doyouknowtheboy_______underthebigtree?
A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying
27.Mostoftheartists______totheparty‘werefromSouthAfrica.
A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited
28.Englishisalanguage______inmanycountries.
A.spokenB.speakingC.bespokenD.tospeak
29.“Canyouread?”Marysaidtothenotice.
A.angrily,pointingB.andpointangrily
C.angrily,pointedD.andangrilypointing
30.Therewasaterriblenoise_______thesuddenburstofTight.
A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed
31.____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven
32._____theirstudents,thefamousteachercameintothehall.
A.FollowedB.Followedby
C.BeingfollowedD.Havingbeenfollowed
33.Yourflatneeds_____.Wouldyoulikemeitforyou?
A.toclean,todoB.cleaning,doing
C.cleaning,todoD.tobecleaned,doing
34.Doesyournewsecretary____shorthand?
A.knowtotakeB.knowhowtotakeC.knowhowtakeD.knowhowtaking
35.Tommyhadhisbigbrother_____hisshoesforhim.
A.totieB.tieC.tiedD.tying
36.Wouldyouplease______writeonthetextbooks?
A.don’tB.nottoC.notD.tonot
37.I’d______theoperationunlessitisabsolutelynecessary.
A.rathernothaveB.rathernottohaveC.notratherhadD.rathernothaving
38.YourmotherandIarelookingforward________you.
A.ofseeingB.forseeingC.toseeD.toseeing
39.Thegirlcouldn’t_____howredhisfacewas.
A.helptonoticeB.behelpingtonoticeC.behelpingnoticingD.helpnoticing
40.Excuseme,butitistimetohaveyourtemperature______.
A.takingB.totakeC.takeD.taken
答案
1~5CDDAB6~10BAACB11~15BCADC16~20BCCDB21~25CDDAD26~30DAAAB31~35ABCBB36~40CADDD

1.Thereisnoquestionof_____abletofinishithimself.
A.TomwasB.Tom’sbeingC.Tom’sbeD.Tomis
2.Thenewshoppingcenter_____nowwillbeputintousebytheendofthisyear.
A.builtB.bebuiltC.beingbuiltD.tobebuilt
3.“Haveyouhadsupper?”“Notyet.Themeal_____.”
A.arebeingcookedB.isbeingcookedC.iscookedD.arecooked
4.“I’mglad______youhereinthehotel.”“It’smygreatpleasuretohaveyou______us.”
A.meeting,toB.tohavemet,withC.havingmet,amongD.tomeet,of
5.I’mafraidIcan’tmakemyself_____inEnglish.
A.understandingB.understandC.tobeunderstoodD.understood
6.Althoughinahurry,Wilson______.
A.couldn’tstopwalkingB.couldn’thelpthestranger
C.stoppedtohelpthestrangerD.didn’tanswerthestranger
7.Janetiseasy_____.
A.forgettingalongwithB.bygettingalongwithC.togetalongwithD.gotalongwith
8.Don’tforget______thelightwhenyouleave.
A.turnoffB.toturnoffC.turningoffD.turnedoff
9.Themotherisveryglad;herbabyisbeginning______.
A.understandingwhatshemeansB.tounderstandthatshemeant
C.tounderstandwhatshemeansD.noticingwhatshemeans,
10.Ithinkthisstoryis_____.
A.worthbeingreadB.worthreadingC.worthtoreadD.worthofreading
11.Thisscientistisaman______praise.
A.worthtoB.worthytobeC.worthyofD.worth
12.Idon’twant______anymoretrouble,yousee?
A.therebeingB.ittobeC.itbeingD.theretobe
13.Whenshereturnedhome,shefoundthewindowopenandsomething______.
A.stealingB.missedC.stolenD.tosteal
14.Strictly_____,itisn’tworththepriceyouareasking.
A.tospeakB.speakingC.speakD.spoken
15.Time______,they’llcomeheretowatchus______football.
A.permitted,playingB.permitted,toplayC.permitting,playD.permitting,toplay
16.Themanwasseen_____intothecourtyard.
A.stealingB.stolenC.bestealingD.hadstolen
17.Bobshouldlove_____tothepartytomorrowevening.
A.takingB.tobetakenC.totakeD.beingtaken
18.Tomhadnochoicebut____theclassroomwithhisclassmates.
A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleans
19.Mr.Brownsaidthathiscarneeded
A.toberepairedB.beingrepairedC.berepairingD.torepair
20.Theoldmandidn’tknowwhethertosellthecaror____.
A.beingkeptforlateruseB.keptforlateruse
C.tokeepitforlateruseD.tobekeptitforlateruse
21.Thenoiseofthedesks_____couldbeheardinthenextclassroom.
A.beingopenedandclosedB.openedandclosed
C.havingbeenopenedandclosedD.tobeopenedandclosed
22.Iremember_____someone____theumbrellaaway.
A.tosee,takeB.havingseen,totakeC.tosee,totakeD.havingseen,take
23.Shewasnoticed______theshop.
A.toenterB.enterC.havingenteredD.entered
24.Icouldn’thelp_____whenIheardthejoke.
A.beinglaughedB.laughingC.tobelaughingD.tolaugh
25._____,sheburstintotears.
A.DeeplymovedB.Deeplymoving
C.AsshedeeplymovedD.Asshewasdeeplymoving
26.Theproblemrequires______.
A.studyingwithgreatcareB.tostudycarefully
C.tobestudiedwithoutcarelessnessD.takinggreatcareofstudyingit
27._____carelessly,theboymademistakeshereandthere..
A.beingwrittenB.WroteC.WriteD.Writing
28.Hewouldrather______hisparentswiththeirhouseworkthan_____outtoplaygames.
A.tohelp,togoB.help,goC.help,togoD.tohelp,go
29.Theboyhadhisleg_____while____football.
A.broken,playingB.break,playC.broken,playedD.broke,wasplaying
30.Havingfinishedthework,_____.
A.itwasalmostsixo’clockB.apostmancameanddeliveredtheeveningpaperandsomeletters
C.supperhadbeenalreadypreparedD.wehadarestandthenhadsupper
31.Heisill.Hehaskept_____.
A.coughingallalongB.tocoughatnightC.coughsinceyesterdayD.beingcougheddayandnight
32.Itisnouse____without_____.
A.totalk,doingB.taking,beingdoneC.talking,doingD.beingtalked,beingtodo
33.“Iusuallygotherebyboat.”“Whynot_____bytrainforachange?”
A.trygoingB.totrygoingC.tryingtogoD.totryandgo
34._____,shefeltquiteshyattheparty.
A.AssheastrangerB.BeingastrangerC.AccordingtoastrangerD.Shelikeastranger
35.Everymorninghegetsupearlyandpractises______andthen_____toschool.
A.toreadEnglish,goB.readingEnglish,going
C.readingEnglish,goesD.ofreadingEnglish,goes
36.While_____footballontinplayground,Ifound‘mykeys______.
A.playing,lostB.play,losingC.played,beinglostD.havingplayed,lost
37.____thesamemistakesagainmadehisparentsveryangry.
A.HishavingmadeB.HehasmadeC.HehadmakingD.Himmaking
38.Dickmadeit______toallhisfriends.
A.toknowB.knownC.knowD.knowing
39.Annaspendsonehouraday_____spokenEnglish.
A.practiseB.topractiseC.onpractisingD.inpractising
40.Noonewassurprisedat_____theexamination.
A.hepassingB.hispassC.himpassD.hispassing
41.Althoughswimmingishisfavouritesport,yethedoesn’tlike_____today.
A.toswimB.swimmingC.swimD.tohaveswim
42.Shesatatthedeskandsetabout_____alettertoherfriend.
A.towriteB.writingC.writeD.written
43.Thissoupiscold;itneeds_____.
A.toheatB.tobeheatedC.beinghotD.heated
44.Iwent______aballoonbutIdidn’tseeanyone_____balloons.
A.tobuy,tosellB.tobuy,sellingC.buying,sellingD.buying,tosell
45.Annaisoftenheard_____songsinherroom
A.sungB.singingC.singD.tosing
46.Themoreyoupractise______English,thebetteryour_____Englishwillbe.
A.tospeak,speakingB.speaking,spokenC.spoken,spokenD.spoken,speaking
答案
1~5BCBBD6~10CCBCB11~15CDCBC16~20ABAAC21~25ADABA26~30ADBAD
31~35ACABC36~40AABDD41~46ABBBDB

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高考英语非谓语动词第二轮备考复习教案6


俗话说,居安思危,思则有备,有备无患。教师在教学前就要准备好教案,做好充分的准备。教案可以让学生能够在教学期间跟着互动起来,让教师能够快速的解决各种教学问题。我们要如何写好一份值得称赞的教案呢?下面是小编精心为您整理的“高考英语非谓语动词第二轮备考复习教案6”,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。

卫辉一中高三二轮备考抓分点透析之英语
非谓语动词

非谓语动词是历年高考试题的重点,每年都会有不止一道的非谓语动词考题。纵观近年全国的高考试题,我们不难预测高考对非谓语动词的考查将主要集中在如下两方面:1、非谓语动词的句法功能,即其在句中所充当的成分;2、非谓语动词的一些特殊用法。

动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)可以出现在句子中除谓语以外的任何一个位置上,充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分,这些动词形式称为非谓语动词。
基本用法
1)、不定式
时态语态主动被动
一般式todotobedone
完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone
2)、动名词
时态语态主动被动
一般式doingbeingdone
完成式havingdonehavingbeendone
3)、分词
时态语态主动被动
一般式doingbeingdone
完成式havingdonehavingbeendone
否定形式:not+不定式, not+动名词, not+现在分词
非谓语动词主要的句法功能一览表:
非谓语动词功能
主语宾语表语定语状语补语
不定式√√√√√√
动名词√√√√极少
分词√√√√
一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别
1.感官动词see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,notice等和使役动词have后面的宾补有三种形式,即原形动词(不带to的不定式)、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行,过去分词表被动或完成,动词原形表主动和完成。
(2011全国新课标卷)27.Thenextthinghesawwassmokefrombehindthehouse.
A.roseB.risingC.toriseD.risen
(2011浙江卷)14.Eventhebestwritersfindthemselves___forwords.
A.loseB.lostC.toloseD.havinglost
注意:不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。
(2010上海)
33.Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumorandalwayskeepshercolleagueswithherstories.
A.amusedB.amusingC.toamuseD.tobeamused
2.leave后接三种形式作宾补时,其中的leave保留了原来之义“留下”,但表达的确切之义应是“使……处于某种状态)。
leavesb.doingsth.让某人一直做某事(宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系,表示动作正在进行。)
leavesth.undone留下某事未做(宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系,表示被动和完成,一般以undone,unfinished,unsettled,untouched为多)
leavesb.todosth.留下某人做某事
leavesth.tobedone留下某事要做(不定式表示将来的动作。)
如:It’swrongofyoutoleavethemachinerunning.
你让机器一直开着是不对的。(主动,正在进行)
Theguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouched,becausetheydidn’ttastedelicious.
客人们没有动大部分菜,因为它们尝起来不可口。(被动,完成)
Heleft,leavingmetodoalltherestwork.
他走了,留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。(主动,将来)
Wehurriedlyendedourmeeting,leavingmanyproblemstobesettled.
我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议,留下了很多问题等待解决。(被动,将来)
3.have,get后接三种形式作宾补时,其中have,get表示“使、让、叫”之意。
①havesth.done=getsth.done“使/让某事由别人去做”(叫/让某人做某事)。
(2011陕西卷)14.Clairehadluggageanhourbeforherplaneleft.
A.checkB.checkingC.tocheckD.checked
(2010辽宁)35.Alexandertriedtogethiswork___inthemedicalcircles.
A.torecognizeB.recognizingC.recognizeD.recognized
②havesb./sth.doing使/让某人/物持续地做某事(现在分词表示主动,正在进行)
getsb./sth.doing使某人/物开始行动起来
Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashortrest.
休息了片刻之后,上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。
注意:“havesb.doing”若用于否定句中,其中have有“容忍”之意。
Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourparentslikethat.
我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。
Don’thavethewaterrunningallthetime.不要让水流个不停。
③havesb.dosth.(getsb.todosth.)使/让/叫某人去做某事
Ican’tgethimtostopsmoking.Hewon’tlistentome.
二、下列动词后跟带to的不定式作补语:
advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,invite,like,love,order,persuade,prefer,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,等。
Thefluisbelievedtobecausedbyvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.
三、不定式、现在分词作宾补小窍门
下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补语,但在被动语态中要加上to:
它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——5看(lookat,see,watch,notice,observe);3使(make,let,have);2听(listento,hear);1感觉(fell)。以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语(5+3+2+1-2+4):即以上动词除let,make外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语,此外find,catch,keep,have也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。
Hewascaughtstealing.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsuchalongtime.
不定式、分词作定语用法要点
一、不定式作定语
1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。
(2010山东)23.Ihavealotofreadings_____beforetheendofthisterm.
A.completingB.tocomplete
C.completedD.beingcompleted
但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way时,不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。
2.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可以用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同。试比较:
Haveyouanythingtosend?
你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式tosend的动作执行者是“你”)
Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?
(不定式tobesent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)
3.用不定式作定语的几种情况:
不定式表将来:
(2010重庆)34.Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone______firstisthelibrary.
A.repairedB.beingrepairedC.repairingD.toberepaired
用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词。
ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.
用来修饰的词是抽象名词时,常见的有:ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse,promise,answer,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time等。
(2011湖南卷)21.Theability_____anideaasimportantastheideaitself.
A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tocover
二、分词作定语
1.作定语的及物动词分词形式为:V–ing;being+过去分词;当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时,用V–ing;当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行时,用being+过去分词;当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时,用过去分词。例如:
(2011江苏卷)31.Recentlyasurvey_______pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.
A.comparedB.comparingC.comparesD.beingcompared
(2011湖南卷)23theplayers______fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.
A.selectingB.toselectedC.selectedD.havingselected
2.作定语的不及物动词分词形式为:V–ing和过去分词。V–ing表示正在进行;过去分词表示已经完成。如:
fallingleaves正落的叶子fallenleaves落下的叶子
boilingwater正沸腾的水boiledwater沸腾过的水(白开水)
三、不定式、过去分词和现在分词被动式作定语的区别
这三种形式作定语,主要是体现在动作的发生时间上。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,或是没有一定的时间性。
HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyDickens?
Heisamanlovedandrespectedbyall.
现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
(2011山东卷)27.Lookoverthere-there’saverylong,windingpath___uptothehouse.
A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.tolead
不定式的被动式作定语时,表示一个未来的动作。
如:Thequestiontobediscussedatthetomorrow’smeetingisaveryimportantone.
不定式、分词作状语用法要点
一、不定式作状语
(2011四川卷)11.Simonmadeabigbambooboxthelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.
A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep
在某些形容词作表语,表示喜、怒、衷、乐后跟不定式表示原因。如:
(2010辽宁)25.Wewereastonished___thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.
A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound
在带有enough或too的句子里,也常用不定式作状语,表示程度。Hewastooexcitednottosayafewwords.
他太激动了,不会不讲几句话的。
Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他到上学年龄了。
注意:强调动词不定式所表示的目的时,动词不定式可用inorderto(为了)或soasto(以便)+动词原形。soasto不用于句首。
Thebusstoppedsoastopickuppassengers.
汽车停下来以便接纳乘客。
Totellyouthetruth,Ihavegotnomoneyaboutme.
Tobehonest,Iknownothingaboutit.(修饰全句,独立成分)
二、分词作状语
1.分词作状语的基本原则
分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系,否则不能使用分词作状语。
2.分词作状语的句法功能
分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while或when引出。
(2011江西卷)32.Onhearingaphonecallfromhiswife_____shehadafall,Mr.Gordonimmediatelyrushedhomefromhisoffice.
A.saysB.saidC.sayingD.tosay
(2011四川卷)16.animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasachancetobecomefamous.
A.OfferB.OfferingC.OfferedD.Tooffer
(2011全国II)18.Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,______nothingabouttheargument.
A.saysB.saidC.tosayD.saying
(2011陕西卷)20.MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,___itmucheasierforpeopletotravelformoneplaceanother.
A.makingB.madeC.tomakeD.havingmade
3.独立成分作状语
有些分词短语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有:
Generallyspeaking…一般说来Franklyspeaking…坦白地说
Judgingfrom…根据……来判断Considering…考虑到……
Totellyouthetruth…说实话
非谓语动词其它用法
一、疑问词+不定式结构
疑问词(who,which,when,where,how,what等)+不定式,这个结构在句中起名词作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语。如:
(2011辽宁卷)23.Twentystudentswanttoattendtheclassthataimstoteachtoreadfirst.
A.whatB.whoC.howD.why
注意句型:Whynotdosth.?Whydosth.?
二、不定式的主动和被动
1.不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时,不定式往往用主动形式。
Doyouhaveaknifetocutthewatermelon?
2.不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,不定式常用主动形式。
Shehasasistertolookafter.(Shelooksafterhersister.)
3.不定式作表语形容词的关语,和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时,不定式多用主动形式,这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了forsb.。
Thisbookisdifficulttounderstand.
4.在therebe结构中,当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时,不定式用主动形式;如果说话人强调的事情本身必须被完成,则用被动形式。如:
Thereisalotofworktodo.(Someonehastodothework.)
Thereisalotofworktobedone.(Theworkhastobedone.)
请注意下面两个句子的含义的不同点:
Thereisnothingtodo.(无事可做,感到十分乏味。)
Thereisnothingtobedone.(某东西坏了,无法使之恢复正常。)
三、不定式符号to的保留问题
有时为了避免重复,可以用to来代替前面的不定式,这种情况出现在下列动词之后:expect,hope,wish,mean,prefer,care,forget,want,try;或出现在beglad/happy,wouldlike/love等的后面。
如果在省略的不定式结构中含有:be,have,havebeen,这些词要保留。如:
Ihaven’tbeentoHongKong,butIwishto.
—Areyouonholiday?
—No,butI’dliketobe.
—Ididn’ttellhimthenews.我没有告诉他那个消息。
—Oh,yououghttohave.噢,你本应该告诉他的
四、动名词作主语
动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语,但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。
Itis/wasnouse/good+doingsth.
Itis/wasnotanyuse/good+doingsth.
Itis/wasoflittleuse/good+doingsth.
Itis/wasuselessdoingsth.
Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收。
Itisoflittlegoodstayinguptoolateeveryday.
每天都熬夜没有什么好处
若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式上的一致。
Seeingisbelieving.=Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。
特殊用法集锦
一、下面动词只能用不定式作宾语,请牢记下列小诗:
决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。
Decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help
此外,afford,strive(斗争)等也要用不定式作宾语。
Weagreedtomeetherebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.
Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate-runcompaniesarestrivingtomaketheirproductsmorecompetitive.
二、下列动词只能用动名词作宾语,请牢记下列小诗:
考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练,否认完成停欣赏,不禁介意准逃亡。
consider/suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse,pardon,admit,delay/putoff,fancy,avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice,deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate,can’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape,imagine,forbid,risk
此外beusedto,lookforwardto,leadto,devoteto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,payattentionto,can’tstand(无法忍受),giveup,feellike,insiston,putoff,thankyoufor,apologizefor,bebusy(in),havedifficulty/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。
(2011四川卷)2.Ladexdoesn’tfeellikeabroad.Herparentsareold.
A.studyB.studyingC.studiedD.tostudy
三、下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别,要特别注意。
1.forgettodosth.忘记去做某事
forgetdoingsth.忘记已经做过某事
remembertodosth.记住去做某事
rememberdoingsth.记得曾经做过某事
regrettodosth.后悔/遗憾去做某事
regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事
stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事
stopdoingsth.停止做一件事情
trytodosth.努力/试图做某事
trydoingsth.尝试着做某事
meantodosth.意欲/想/企图做某事
meandoingsth.意味着做某事
goontodosth.(做完某事)接着做另一件事
goondoingsth.继续做同一件事(=goonwithsth.)
can’thelptodosth.不能帮助做某事
can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁地做某事
2.动词like,love,prefer后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。如表示经常性的行为可用动名词,如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式。但要注意:如果like,love,prefer前有would/should后面则应接动词不定式。
Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.
I’dliketogoswimmingthisweekend.
3.在动词allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟动名词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
allow/advise/forbid/permitdoingsth.
allow/advise/forbid/permitsb.todosth.
(2011天津卷)7.Passengersarepermittedonlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.
A.tocarryB.carryingC.tobecarriedD.beingcarried
4.动词need,require,want作“需要”解时,其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语,表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。beworth后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。此外,若动词need表“需要”,require表“要求”,want表“想要”这些意义时,其后须接名词或代词作宾语,然后接不定式作宾语补足语。
need/require/wantdoing/tobedone
need/require/wantsb.todosth.
beworth+n.(表示钱数或相当于钱数的名词)
beworthdoingbeworthyofbeingdone
beworthyof+n.值得……beworthytobedone
Thewindowneeds/requires/wantscleaningtobecleaned.
窗户需要擦一下。
Theplaceisworthvisiting.
Theplaceisworthyofavisit.
Theplaceisworthyofbeingvisited.
Theplaceisworthytobevisited.
那个地方值得一去。
四、动词不定式作动词tell,show,understand,explain,teach,learn,advise,discuss,ask,decide,wonder,findout等词的宾语时,前面常带wh–引导词。即how,what,whether,where,when,who等+todo。但why+不带to的不定式。
注意此用法的不定式的逻辑主语需与主句的主语或宾语保持一致,否则用宾语从句。例如:
Heshowedushowtodothework.(=Heshowedushowweshoulddothework.)
Idon’tknowwhattodo.(=Idon’tknowwhatI’lldo.)
Canyoutellmewhydoit?
五、动词不定式在介词but,otherthan后面时,如果介词之前有行为动词do的某种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,否则就要带to。另外在can’tchoosebut,can’thelpbut,can’tbut后面的不定式也要省略to。
Wecoulddonothingbut/otherthanwait.
Wehadnothingtodobut/otherthanwait.
Wehavenochoicebuttowait.
Ican’tchoosebutlaugh.
六、注意以下表达的意义区别
fallingleaves正在下落的树叶fallenleaves已经落下的树叶
boilingwater沸腾的水boiledwater烧开过的水
developingcountries发展中国家developedcountries发达国家
Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.
Herjobisgivingpianolessonstochildren,butthisSundayherjobistoteachthechildrenhowtodance.
Thegirlletoutafrightenedcryatthesightofthesnake.
(Thegirlwasfrightened.)
看到蛇,女孩尖叫起来。
Hisfrighteningshoutscaredtheboysagain.
Theshoutwasfrighteningandtheboysfeltfrightened.
他大吼一声把那帮男孩给吓跑了。
类似的还有:
anexcitingvoice令人兴奋的声音anexcitedvoice兴奋的声音
apuzzlinglook令人迷惑不解的表情apuzzledlook困惑的表情
with复合结构
1.with复合结构的构成
with+宾语+宾语补足语,构成with复合结构,宾语可以是名词或是代词,宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1)With+宾语+介词短语
Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.
2)with+宾语+过去分词(宾语与宾补之间是被动关系)
Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.
3)with+宾语+现在分词(宾语与宾补之间是主动关系)
Withwintercomingon,itstimetobuywarmclothes.
4)with+宾语+todo(不定式做宾补有“将来”的含义)
Icantgooutwithallthesedishestowash.
5)with+宾语+形容词/副词
Andersonwaslyingonthebedwithallhisclotheson.
2.with复合结构的作用
with复合结构在句子中作状语,表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。
(09海南35)Nowthatwe’vediscussedoutproblem,arepeoplehappywiththedecisions______?
A.takingB.takeC.takenD.totake
独立主格结构
独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词(副)词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子,也不是从句,所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化,它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导,常用逗号与其主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式,但很多时候不能转化为分词形式,因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。
(一):独立主格结构的构成:
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;
名词(代词)+形容词;
名词(代词)+副词;
名词(代词)+不定式;
名词(代词)+介词短语构成。
(二):独立主格结构的特点:
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
(2011浙江卷)3.Batsaresurprisinglylong-livedcreatures,some______alifespanofaround20years.
A.havingB.hadC.haveD.tohave

(2011福建卷)23.TsinghuaUniversity,in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.
A.foundB.foundingC.foundedD.tobefounded
答案考查非谓语动词。TsinghuaUniversity与found之间是被动关系,同时又是完成意义的非谓语动词,所以选择C。
(2011浙江卷)19.Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecity______bytheirenthusiasticsupporters.
A.beingcheeredB.becheered
C.TobecheeredD.Werecheered
答案考查非谓语动词。theteam与cheer之间是被动关系,同时又表目的,所以选择C。
(2011湖南卷)29.Doyouwakeupeverymorning____energeticandreadytostartanewday?
A.feelB.tofeelC.feelingD.felt
答案考查非谓语动词。you与feel之间是主动关系,表伴随,所以选择C。

(09安徽)1.Theplaynextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.
A.producedB.beingproduced
C.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproduced
C
(09北京)2Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit_____onhisownfarm.
A.grownB.beinggrownC.tobegrownD.togrowK
A
(09北京)3.Thewaytheguests_____inthehotelinfluencedtheirevaluationoftheservice
A.treatedB.weretreatedC.wouldtreatD.wouldbetreated
D
(09北京)4.Allofthemtrytousethepoweroftheworkstation___informationinamoreeffectiveway.
A.presentingB.presentedC.beingpresentedD.topresent
D
(09北京)5.___twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechainedourdog.
A.BeingbittenB.Bitten
C.HavingbittenD.Tobebitten
A
(09福建)6.nottomisstheflightat15:20,themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry.
A.RemindingB.Reminded
C.ToremindD.Havingreminded
B考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语themanager,非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系,且其表示的动作在谓语动词setout之前已经发生,非谓语动词用过去分词,选B。
(09福建)7.InApril,,PresidentHuinspectedthewarshipsinQingdao,the60thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePLANavy.
A.markingB.marked
C.havingmarkedD.beingmarked
A考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语,其后有宾语,故与逻辑主语是主动关系,且表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行,用现在分词,选A。
(09湖南)8.Whenhethedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.
A.wouldopenB.opened
C.hadopenedD.wastoopen
D考查非谓语动词。动词不定时的用法。句意为:当他要打开门的时候,他发现他的钥匙不见了。动词不定时表示将要发生的动作。
(09湖南)9.Attheageof29,Davewasaworker,inasmallapartmentnearBostonand______whattodoabouthisfuture.
A.living;wonderingB.lived;wondering
C.lived;wonderedD.living;wondered
A考查分词的用法。句意为:29岁的大卫,是一个工人,住在一间小公寓在波士顿附近,不知怎么办关于他的未来。现在分词作定语修饰aworker,and为并列连词,连接相同的成份。
(09湖南)10.Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit.
A.reusingB.reusedC.reusesD.tobereused
D考查动词不定时的用法。句意为:现在人们有时把他们的废物分开,以便很容易被重复利用。重新再利用是指将来发生的动作,而且是被动的。故选D。
(09湖南)11.Pleasedomeafavor—______myfriendMr.SmithtoYouthTheaterat7:30tonight.
A.toinviteB.invitingC.inviteD.invited
C
(09江西)12._________therightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrewtheinternationalstars.
A.GivingB.HavinggivenC.TogiveD.Given
D考查非谓语动词。如果把句子补充完整就不难看出:Iftheyaregiventherightkindoftraining,可知主语they即theseteenagersoccerplayers与give之间是被动的关系,所以用过去分词。根据主、从句主语一致可省略从句主语的原则,连词if也可省,所以得出giventherightkindoftraining,theseteenagersoccerplayers……
(09江西)13.Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlaws_____parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren.
A.forcedB.forcingC.tobeforcedD.havingforced
B考查非谓语动词的用法。现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰newlaws,相当于whichforces……...
(09海南)14Thechildrenallturnedthefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.
A.lookedatB.tolookat
C.tolookingatD.lookat
B。句意为:当那位著名的女演员走进了教室,所有的孩子都转过头去看她。
turnto表示“转向,求助”的意思。
(09海南)15.Nowthatwe’vediscussedoutproblem,arepeoplehappywiththedecisions?
A.takingB.takeC.takenD.totake
C。考查with+宾语+宾语补足语的用法。句意为:现在,我们已经讨论了问题,是人们最满意的决定?take与thedecisions之间存在的关系是动宾关系,故用过去分词表示被动
(09山东)16.Weareinvitedtoaparty_________inourclubnextFriday.
A.tobeheldB.held
C.beingheldD.holding
A考查非谓语动词的用法,由nextmonth可知时间是在将来,party是被举行,故选A。
(09陕西)17。IstillremembertotheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.
A.totakeB.tobetakenC.takingD.beingtaken
D考查非谓语动词。此处非谓语动词做remember的宾语,而remember后用非谓语动词做宾语时,可以用v-ing形式,v-ing表示的动作已经完成,也可用动词不定式,表示的动作还未发生,根据后文的saw可知此处非谓语动词动作已经完成,且与逻辑主语是被动关系,用v-ing的被动式,选D。
(09上海)18.Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,_____allfourpeopleonboard.
A.killedB.killingC.killsD.tokill
B
(09上海)19.Withthegovernment’said,those_____bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.
A.affectB.affectingC.affectedD.wereaffected
C
(09上海)20.Billsuggested_____ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.
A.havingheldB.toholdC.holdingD.hold
C
(09四川)21.Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremain__________untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.
A.seatedB.seatingC.toseatD.seat
A考查非谓语的用法。remain后可接adj,v-ing,v-ed和tobedone等多种形式做表语,在该题中可以把seated视为一个形容词,所以正确答案为A。
(09上海)22.Davidthreatenedhisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.
A.tobereportedB.reporting
C.toreportD.havingreported
C
(09四川)23.Hetolduswhether_________apicnicwasstillunderdiscussion
A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had
B.
考查非谓语的用法,分析句子可知whether+todosth.做了宾语从句的主语,Hetoldus后省略了宾语从句的引导词that。
(09四川)24.________manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.
A.ToldB.TellingC.HavingtoldD.Havingbeentold
D考查非谓语的用法。tell与主语之间的关系是被动和完成的关系,所以用havingbeendone来表示被动和完成。
(09天津)25.______theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.
A.CompetingB.Havingcompleted
C.TohavecompletedD.Tocomplete
D
(09天津)26._____bytheadvancesintechnology,manyfarmershavesetupwindfarmsontheirland.
A.BeingencouragedB.Encouraging
C.EncouragedD.Havingencouraged
C
(09浙江)27._______andshortofbreath,AndyandRubywerethefirsttoreachthetopofMountTai.
A.the;aB.Tired
C.TiringD.Beingtired
B
(09浙江)28.Thereisagreatdealofevidence_______thatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain.
A.indicateB.indicating
C.toindicateD.tobeindicating
B
(09重庆)29.Michael’snewhouseislikeahugepalace,______withhisoldone.
A.comparingB.compares
C.tocompareD.compared
D
(09重庆)30.Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnewwithallbyourselveseveryday.
A.dealB.dealt
C.todealD.dealing
C
(09全国2)31.Theyusecomputerstokeepthetrafficsmoothly.
A.beingrunB.runC.torunD.running
D考查非谓语动词V-ing,这儿构成(keepsth.doing。
(09江苏)32.SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,reduceunemploymentpressures.
A.helpB.tohavehelped
C.tohelpD.havinghelped
C
(09江苏)33.Distinguishedguestsandfriends,welcometoourschool,theceremonyofthe50thAnniversarythismorningareouralumni(校友)fromhomeandabroad.
A.AttendB.ToattendC.AttendingD.Havingattended
C
(10福建)25.Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock,suppliestoYushu,QinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake.
A.sendingB.tosend
C.havingsentD.tohavesent
25.答案:A
考点:非谓语动词
解析:表示伴随。从“wereworking”可以判断是进行时态,排除C。
34.InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremainedabroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.
A.stickingB.stuck
C.tobestuckD.tohavestuck34.
答案:B
考点:remain后接动词的用法
解析:remain是高考的重点词汇。当它做系动词时,后面接过去分词作表语。
(10上海)33.Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumorandalwayskeepshercolleagueswithherstories.
A.amusedB.amusingC.toamuseD.tobeamused
答案:A
考点:本题考查非谓语动词。
解析:keep+sb./sth.+done,根据句意,sb.与它后面的动词成被动关系,故选A.
35.thecitycenter,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.
A.ApproachingB.Approached
C.ToapproachD.Tobeapproached
答案:A
考点:本题考查非谓语动词。
解析:考察现在分词作状语,表示正在进行或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。
40.Thaiistheonlywaywecanimaginetheoveruseofwaterinstudentsbathrooms.
A.reducingB.toreduceC.reducedD.reduce
答案:B
考点:此处考查非谓语动词。
解析:此处应该用不定式thewaytodosth表示做……的途径、方式。theonlywaytodo……,wecanimagine做定语,前面省略了that.
(10安徽)30.Hehadawonderfulchildhood,_____withhismothertoallcornersoftheworld
A.travelB.totravelC.traveledD.traveling
答案:D.
考点:本题考查非谓语动词作状语。
解析:主语(he)与动词travel之间存在主动关系,故用traveling作原因状语。
(10湖南)21.Listen!Doyouhearsomeoneforhelp?
A.callingB.callC.tocallD.called
21.答案:A
考点:考查非谓语动词。
解析:该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补,根据someone与call的主动关系排除D项。hear后接不定式作宾补时应省略to,由此排除C项。由Listen可判断此处表示正在求救,故选A项。
26.Dina,formonthstofindajobasawaitress,finallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.
A.strugglingB.struggledC.havingstruggledD.tostruggle
26.答案:C
考点:考查非谓语动词。
解析:该空,分词短语作时间状语,其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系,故排除B项。由剧中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语tookaposition之前,故用现在分词的完成主动式。
30.Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoneyinthelibrary.
A.discoveredB.tobediscovered
C.discoveringD.havingdiscovered
30.答案:A
考点:考查非谓语动词
解析:该空在句中作后置定语修饰themoney,根据themoney与discover的被动关系,排除C、D两项。B项表示的是“将要被发现”的意思,根据句意“到目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆被发现的钱”可判断选A项。
(10江西)24Theladywalkedaroundtheshops,_______aneyeoutforbargains.
AkeepBkept
CkeepingDtokeep
答案:C
考点:考察非谓语。
解析:句子主语lady和keep之间是主动关系,而且walk和keep同时发生。
32Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting______.
AtodiscoverBtobediscovered
CdiscoveredDbeingdiscovered
答案:B.
考点:考察非谓语。
解析:演员等待被发现,用被动,发现发生在等待之后,所以用不定式.
(10山东)23.Ihavealotofreadings_____beforetheendofthisterm.
A.completingB.tocomplete
C.completedD.beingcompleted
答案:B
考点:本题考查非谓语动词的使用。
解析:句意应为“这个学期结束前,我要做很多阅读练习。”由于时间状语beforetheendofthisterm表达未来的时间,所以空格处使用动词不定式表示将来,充当readings的定语。
(10天津)12.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.
A.causedB.havingcausedC.causingD.tocause
答案:C.
考点:考查非谓语动词。
句意:南方下了大雨,在几个省区造成严重洪灾。
解析:空格后seriousflooding是rainedheavily的后果,而且句子主语it和cause之间存在主动关系,所以此处要用动词的ing形式作结果状语
(10四川)4.Agreatnumberofstudentssaidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.
A.toquestionB.tobequestioned
C.questionedD.questioning
答案:C_m
考点:考查非谓语动词作定语。
解析:question与students存在被动关系,question表示的动作也已完成,故用过去分词。
17.Thelawyerlistenedwithfullattention,tomissanypoint.
A.nottryingB.tryingnot
C.totrynotD.nottotry
答案:B.k#s5_u.co*m
考点:考查现在分词短语做伴随状语及动词不定式的否定式。
解析:句中listen和trynottomiss为同时进行的动作,故用现在分词的一般式做伴随状语。又动词不定式的否定式要在其前加not.故选B。
(10全国Ⅰ)27.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps______fromthelibrary.
A.toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowing
27题答案:C
句意:怀特夫人像学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的老地图。
解答:根据选项此题考察非谓语动词,题干中空格划在名词maps后,空格后部分是对maps解释说明,因此此题考察非谓语动词做定语。非谓语动词做状语,首先判断动词与所修饰名词的主动还是被动关系,borrow和maps是被动关系,被动关系时非谓语动词形式有三种:tobedone,beingdone,done,tobedone表示动作将要发生,beingdone表示动作正在发生,done表示用作已经完成,根据句意borrow的动作已经完成,因此选择C。
34.WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank______presentsformydad.
A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought
34题答案:B
句意:父亲节将要到来,为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行取了一些钱。
解答:根据选项此题考察非谓语动词。题干中空格划在名词后,但是空格后的部分不是对bank解释说明,而是说明取钱的目的,因此此题中非谓语动词做目的状语,非谓语动词中不定式做状语用来表示目的,因此选择B。
(10江苏)28.TheretiredmandonatedmostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbytheearthquakeinYushu,________thestudentstoreturntotheirclassrooms.w_ww.k#s5_u.co*m
A.enablingB.havingenabledC.toenableD.tohaveenabled
选A.enabling表示他在捐献后的结果
(陕西)16._____fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.
A.SeenB.SeeingC.HavingseenD.Tosee
A.考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词做状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语,非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系,且其动作在谓语动词动作之前已经完成,用过去分词,选A。
19.Hisfirstbooknextmonthisbasedonatruestory.
A.publishedB.tobepublished
C.topublishD.beingpublished
B.考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词做后置定语,由时间状语nextmonth可知所填非谓语动词表示将来的动作,用动词不定式,其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词book,不定式与逻辑主语是被动关系,故用不定式的被动式,选B。
(10全国Ⅱ)11.Though_________toseeus,theprofessorgaveusawarmwelcome.
A.surprisingB.assurprised
C.surprisedDbeingsurprised
C
省略结构和非谓语动词考查。补完整为:Thoughhewassurprised,主语一致,省略主语和系动词。
(10湖北)72.________(油漆成)red,thebuildingstandsoutamongtherestandlooksveryattractive.(paint)
72.答案:“painted”。考点:非谓语动词
解析:过去分词作状语,主语“thebuilding”是动作“paint”的作用对象
75.Aftershecompletestheproject,she’llhave________(没什么要担心的).(worry)
75.答案:nothingtoworryabout
考点:不定式作后置定语
解析:动词“worry”与被修饰的名词“nothing”形成动宾关系,由于“worry”是不及物动词,后面须加上加上介词“about”。
(10辽宁)25.Wewereastonished_______thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.
A.findingB.tofind
C.findD.tobefound
答案:B
句意:我们吃惊地发现那座庙仍然还是原来的状况。
解析:考查非谓语动词。beastonished后应该跟动词不定式做状语。
(10辽宁)35.Alexandertriedtogethiswork_______inthemedicalcircles.
A.torecognizeB.recognizing
C.recognizeD.recognized
答案:D
句意:亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学圈内得到认可。
解析:考查非谓语动词用法。宾语work和recognize之间存在被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。
(10北京)21.atmyclassmatesfaces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.
A.LookingB.LookC.TolookD.Looked
21.答案:A
考点:本题考查非谓语动词。
解析:look与句子主语I为主动关系,因此用looking.
25.ImcallingtoenquireaboutthepositioninyesterdaysChinaDaily.
A.advertisedB.tobeadvertised
C.advertisingD.havingadvertised
25.答案:A
考点:本题考查非谓语动词。
句意:我打电话来咨询下昨天中国日报上刊登职位的信息。
解析:theposition肯定是被advertise,此处的分词可以理解为一个定语从句whichwasadvertised
(10重庆)30.Thenewsshockedthepublic,_______togreatconcernaboutstudents’safetyatschool.
A.havingledB.ledC.leadingD.tolead
30.答案C
考点:考查非谓语动词。
解析:句意为:这个消息使公众震惊,也引起了人们对学生在校安全的关注。Thenews和lead之间是主谓关系,并作shocked的伴随状语,所以用leading。
34.Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone______firstisthelibrary.
A.repairedB.beingrepairedC.repairingD.toberepaired
34.答案D
考点:考查非谓语动词。
解析:theone指代前面提到的buildings与repair是动宾关系,由前半句房屋需要修缮可知修缮这个动作发生在need之后,所以用toberepaired.
(10浙江)20.Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand____lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.
A.beingweighedB.toweigh
C.weighedD.weighing
答案:D
考点:本题考查非谓语动词。
解析:根据句子结构:主语:thetrafficrule;谓语动词:says;宾语从句:youngchildrenundertheageoffourand____lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat。宾语从句中的主干为:youngchildrenmustbeinachildsafetyseat。undertheageoffourand____lessthan40pounds用于修饰宾语从句主语children。动词weigh与名词children是主动关系,所以选择weighing。句意:交通法则规定四岁以下并且体重不超过四十磅的婴儿必须坐在婴儿安全座上。
(2011天津卷)7.Passengersarepermittedonlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.
A.tocarryB.carrying
C.tobecarriedD.beingcarried
(2011江西卷)32.Onhearingaphonecallfromhiswife_____shehadafall,Mr.Gordonimmediatelyrushedhomefromhisoffice.
A.saysB.saidC.sayingD.tosay
(2011天津卷)12.______intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.
A.TranslatingB.Translated
C.TotranslateD.Havingtranslated
(2011北京卷)25.It’simportantforthefiguresregularly.
A.tobeupdatedB.tohavebeenupdated
C.toupdateD.tohaveupdated
(2011四川卷)2.Ladexdoesn’tfeellikeabroad.Herparentsareold.
A.studyB.studyingC.studiedD.tostudy
(2011四川卷)11.Simonmadeabigbambooboxthelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.
A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep
(2011四川卷)16.animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasachancetobecomefamous.
A.OfferB.OfferingC.OfferedD.Tooffer
(2011全国II)18.Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,_____nothingabouttheargument.
A.saysB:saidC.tosayD.saying
(2011全国II)15.Theisland,______tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.
A.joiningB.tojoin
C.joinedD.havingjoined
(2011陕西卷)20.MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,______itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.
A.makingB.madeC.tomakeD.havingmade
(2011陕西卷)14.Clairehadluggageanhourbeforherplaneleft.
A.checkB.checking
C.tocheckD.checked
(2011北京卷)33.Sitdown,Emma.Youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired,onyoufeet.
A.tokeepB.keeping
C.havingkeptD.tohavekept
(2011辽宁卷)23.Twentystudentswanttoattendtheclassthataimstoteachtoreadfirst.
A.whatB.whoC.howD.why
(2011辽宁卷)30.aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.
A.GatherB.Togather
C.GatheringD.Tobegathering
(2011湖南卷)29.Doyouwakeupeverymorning__________energeticandreadytostartanewday?
A.feelB.tofeelC.feelingD.felt
(2011重庆卷)29.MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmenttoofficials,willbeproducedpeople’sconcernoverfoodsafety.
A.toraiseB.raising
C.tohaveraisedD.havingraised
(2011江苏卷)22.Thefactthatsomanypeoplestillsmokeinpublicplace_______thatwemayneednationwidecampaigntoraiseawarenessoftherisksofsmoking.
A.suggestB.suggests
C.suggestedD.suggesting
(2011江苏卷)31.Recentlyasurvey_______pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.
A.comparedB.comparing
C.comparesD.beingcompared
(2011全国新课标卷)27.Thenextthinghesawwassmokefrombehindthehouse.
A.roseB.risingC.toriseD.risen
(2011浙江卷)3.Batsaresurprisinglylong-livedcreatures,some______alifespanofaround20years.
A.havingB.hadC.haveD.tohave
(2011浙江卷)14.Eventhebestwritersfindthemselves_______forwords.
A.loseB.lostC.toloseD.havinglost
(2011浙江卷)19.Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecity______bytheirenthusiasticsupporters.
A.beingcheeredB.becheered
C.TobecheeredD.Werecheered
(2011湖南卷)21.Theability_____anideaasimportantastheideaitself
A.expressingB.expressed
C.toexpressD.tocover
(2011湖南卷)23theplayers______fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.
A.selectingB.toselected
C.selectedD.havingselected
(2011安徽卷)30.Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier_____intosmallpieces.
A.breakB.breakingC.brokenD.tobreak
(2011山东卷)27.Lookoverthere-there’saverylong,windingpath____uptothehouse.
A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.tolead
(2011重庆卷)33.MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimself________ofhisowndreams.
A.remindingB.toremind
C.remindedD.renmind
(2011福建卷)27.ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortable.
A.heldB.holding
C.beheldD.tohold
(2011福建卷)23.TsinghuaUniversity,in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.
A.foundB.founding
C.foundedD.tobefounded

高考英语非谓语动词


非谓语动词

I.概述

1.基本形式的变化:

不定式:

时态

主动态

被动态

一般式

todo

tobedone

进行式

tobedoing

完成式

tohavebuilt

tohavebeenbuilt

Johnsaidthathehadruninordertocatchthebus.(一般式的主动态)

Hehatedtobemisunderstoodbyothers.(一般式的被动态)

Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.(进行式)

Heintendedtohavetoldyouthat.(完成式主动态)

Thisworkofartseemedtohavebeencreatedseveralcenturiesago.(完成式的被动态)

v-ing形式

时态

主动态

被动态

一般式

doing

beingdone

完成式

havingdone

havingbeendone

注意:不及物动词没有被动式

动名词

Iamsureofhiscomingintime.(一般式主动态)(=Iamsurethathewillcomeintime)

Heisproudofbeingselectedasmonitor.(一般式被动态)(=Heisproudthatheisselectedasmonitor.)

I’mconfidentofhishavingpassedtheexam.(完成式主动态)

(=Iamconfidentthathehavepassedtheexam.)

Hecomplainedofhavingbeencheatedbyothers.(完成式被动态)

现在分词

Hesatinachair,readinganovel.(一般式主动态)

Beingexhaustedbywork,hefellasleepquickly.(一般式被动态)

Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentplaying.(完成式主动态)

Allthishavingbeensettled,hewenthome.(完成式被动态)

2.所做成分

项目/成分

主语

表语

宾语

宾补

定语

状语

动词的ing形式

现在分词

动名词

△不定式

过去分词

注:现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。

II.基本知识

1.动词不定式在句中充当的成分

①作主语。

Toseeonceisbetterthantohearahundredtimes.

Tomakemoneyisnottheonlypurposeofourlife.赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的

在很多情况下,常用it来充当动词不定式的形式主语。

ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishverywell.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。

②作动词的宾语,常用在以下动词后:

help,hope,ask,refuse,decide,promise,wish,pretend,expect,arrange,learn,plan,demand,dare,manage,agree,prepare,fail,determine,offer,choose,desire,elect,long,(happen,seem)

Hemanagedtopasstheexam.他成功地通过了考试。

Hepromisedtobehereatnine.他答应9点钟到这儿。

Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere.我没有料到在这儿见到你。

在某些复合宾语中,用it做形式宾语,而把不定式放到后面去。

Heconsidereditbettertoleavenow.他认为最好现在就离开。

Ifounditimpossibletofinishtheworkontime.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。

③作定语(常置于名词之后)。

由only,last,next序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语;不定式还可用作名词

代词的的宾语(ability,anything,attempt,chance,curiosity,desire,decision,determination,effort,failure,

intention,need,nothing,opportunity,place,plan,promise,reason,right,something)

Sheisalwaysthefirststudenttoarriveatschool.

Heisalwaysthelastonetoleavetheoffice.他总是最后一个离开办公室。

Idon’tthinkheisthebestmantodothejob.我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。

Ihavenodesiretotravel.

You’llfindsomethingtointerestyouhere.

注:动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词,而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系,这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。

Ihaven’tdecidedwhichhoteltostayat.

Ifoundnoonetoplaywith.

④作状语

Iwalkedslowlyontheiceinordernottofalldown.(不至于跌倒)(表目的)

Theyliftedarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.(表结果)

Hetriedonlytofail.(结果没有成功)

Shewashappytohearthenews.(表原因)

不定式常用于修饰下列形容词:

able,afraid,angry,anxious,apt,careful,careless,certain,clever,considerate,delighted,difficult,eager,easy,fit,frightened,happy,interesting,likely,lucky,quick,ready,reluctant,right,sorry,surprised,sure,thoughtful,thoughtless,unable,unwilling,wrongetc.

Frenchisdifficulttolearn.法语难学。

I’msorrytointerruptyou,butIhaveto.

⑤作独立副词成分。

Tospeakfrankly,Idon’tlikeyourattitude.

⑥与疑问词连用。疑问代词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how等后加动词不定式,构成不定式短语,可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。

Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.什么时候出发还没有定。

Theproblemishowtogetthereontime.问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。

注意:

①在有些动词后常用疑问词+动词不定式的结构。这类动词有:know,ask,tell,show,wonder,consider,understand,learn,instruct,guess,see,explain,discover,imagine,think,hear等。

Hedidn’tknowwhattodonext.

Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertogotoJapan.我没有决定是否到日本去。

②不定式的复合结构

由for+名词或代词+动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。

ItisnecessaryforyoutofinishtheworkbeforeFriday.你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工

Hisideaisforustotravelindifferentcars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。

由of引出的不定式复合结构,经常与以下形容词连用:brave,careless,,clever,courageous,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,rash,right,rude,stupid,silly,thoughtful,thoughtless,wrong,wise等。

It’skindofyoutosayso.

It’sbraveofyoutogointotheburningbuildingtosavethebaby!

你真勇敢,冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿

③不带to的动词不定式

▲在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式,如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watch等。

Theteacheroftenmakesmerewritethecomposition.老师常常让我把作文重写。

将该句转换成被动语态:Iamoftenmadebytheteachertorewritethecomposition.

Iheardhersaythatshewasfedup.

▲在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式:hadbetter,wouldrather,cannotbut,cannothelpbut,donothingbut等。

I’dbettergonow,orI’llmissthetrain.

Theycannotbutaccepthisadvice.我只好接受他的建议。

▲在except,but之前有动词do作实义动词,则except,but后一般接不带to的动词不定式,反之则接带to的动词不定式。

Wehavenochoicebuttowait.我们除了等待别无选择(我们只好等待)。

Thereisnochoicebuttogothere.

Thereisnothingtodobutto(to可省略)readabook.

▲在why,whynot结构中,紧接其后的动词不定式不带to

Whyarguewithhim?

Whynotsendthosebooksback?为什么不把那些书送回去?

2.动名词在句中充当的成分

①作主语

Askingforhelpissometimesnecessary.请求帮助有时是必要的。

Eatingtoomuchisnotgoodforyourhealth.吃得太多对你的健康不利。

Teachingofferssomethingbesidesmoneyandpower.

②作补语、表语

Seeingisbelieving.

Wecallsuchanactcheating.我们称这样的行为为作弊/欺骗行为。

③作以下及物动词及词组的的宾语

建议冒险去献身:advise,suggest,risk,devoteoneselfto

忍受期待不停顿:bear/stand(忍受),lookforwardto,stop

放弃延期悔失去:giveup,delay,putoff,regret,miss

坚持欣赏(想)要(实)践(完)成:keep(on)/insiston/stickto,enjoy/appreciate,feellike,practice,finish

注意原谅避反对:payattentionto,excuse,escape,avoid,objectto

考虑要求不自禁:consider,require,cannothelp

允许习惯不介意:forbid;permit,be/getusedto/beaccustomedto,mind

值得开始想动名:beworth,setabout,imagine

Themotherdidagreetolettheboyriskswimmingacrosstheriver.冒险游过河

Hiswifedoesntallowsmokinginsidetheroombutallowshimtosmokeoutsidetheroom

他的妻子不允许在室内抽烟,但是允许他在室外抽。

Alloftheminsistedonmystayingwiththemafewdayslonger.

他们所有的人都坚持要我再跟他们多呆几天时间。

Imlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.

Beingillforafewdays,shedoesntfeellikeeatinganything.不想吃任何东西

另在want,need,require等动词后,常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思(主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系)。

Myhairneedscutting.(=Myhairneedstobecut.)

⑤作定语

它与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,通常只表示用途或与所修饰的名词有关的动作。

Thefactorybuiltaswimmingpoollastyear.游泳池

Ourteacherusesaverygoodteachingmethod.教学方法

⑥作同位语

Hishobby,makingmodelairplanes,isveryinteresting.

注意:

①动名词的复合结构

动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格+动名词构成。如果不是在句子开头,这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格+动名词构成,在句中可作主语、宾语等。例如:

Doyoumindmyclosingthedoor?Doyoumindmeclosingthedoor?

Myclosingthedoormadehimangry.

Ican’tstandLaoChang’stalkinglikethataboutothercomrades.

②动名词的某些固定结构

▲Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,abore...)等名词+doingsth.

Itisnousecrying.哭没有用。

Itisnogoodobjecting.反对也没有用。

Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain.设法解释是浪费时间。

▲Itis+useless+doingsth.

Itisuselessspeaking.光说没用。

▲Thereisno+v-ing“…是不可能的”。

Thereisnoknowinghowoldsheis.(=Itisimpossibletoknowhowoldsheis.)

Thereisnotellingwhereshe’sgone.(=Itisimpossible/difficulttoknowwhereshe’sgone.)

▲makeapointof+doing“认为…是必要的”

OurfamilymakeapointofgoingtochurcheverySunday.(=OurfamilymakeitaruletogotochurcheverySunday.)

▲beonthepointof+doing“濒临,将要…”

Hewasonthepointofleaving.

▲on(upon)+doing“一…就…”

Onhearingthenews,Ichangedmyplans.(=AssoonasIheardthenews,Ichangedmyplans.)

▲go+doing(大部分指运动和游戏)

Hewentshopping/hiking/swimming/fishingetc.

▲动名词短语常用在以下结构中

havedifficulty(in)+doingsth

havetrouble(in)+doingsth

havefun(in)+doingsth/

haveagoodtime(in)+doingsth/haveahardtime(in)+doingsth

▲feellike+名词“想要”=wouldliketo+原形动词

Doyoufeellikegoingtoamovie?你想看电影吗?

Idontfeellikereadingtonight.今晚我不想读书。

3.分词在句中充当的成分

①作定语。作定语的分词如果是单个分词,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。在用作定语时,分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。

Theboringsnowmadetheboredboysgohome.(=Thesnowwasboring,sotheboysweeboredandwent home.)

Chinaisadevelopingsocialistcountry.发展中的社会主义国家

Themanwritingtheobituary(讣告)ismyfriend.

(=Themanwhoiswritingtheobituaryismyfriend.)

Thebrokenglassscatteredontheground.破杯

注:现在分词与过去分词都可作定语,但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情,有主动意义;而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情,有被动意义。

②作表语、宾语补足语。能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see,hear,keep,find,notice,watch,think,want,smell,observe等。

Thestoryisboring.

Ifoundhimreadinganovel.在读小说(现在分词作宾语补足语)

Ifoundhimsurroundedbyagroupofchildren.一群孩子包围着(过去分词作宾语补足语)

③作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间,原因,条件,结果,伴随情况。

Havingreadalltherequiredpapers,heansweredthequestionsfluently.(时间)

Beingshortofmoney,Idecidedtoapplyforthework.(原因)

Seriouslyinjured,Allenwasrushedtothehospital.(原因)

Ifgoingtherebyplane,we’llhavetopaytwiceasmuch.(条件)

Unlessaskedtoanswerquestions,thepupilswerenotsupposedtotalkinMrsSmith’sclass.(条件)

Thefarmerusedanewinsecticide,thusraisingtheaverageyieldby15%.(结果)

Hesatinarockingchair,watchingTV.(伴随)

注意:分词的特殊结构

①独立主格

有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致,这时分词须带上自身的主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。

Thatbeingthecase,we’dbettermakesomechangesintheplan.

Weatherpermitting,wewillgoout.==ifweatherpermits

Theteacherhavingfinishedthelesson,thestudentslefttheclassroom.

②“with或without+名词或代词+分词”的复合结构

常用作补充说明或表示伴随情况。例如:Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.

③某些固定结构

generally/franklyspeaking…,judgingfrom/by…中,分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。

Judgingbyhisdress,hecomesfromawealthyfamily.从他的衣着判断

Franklyspeaking,Idontlikehimatall.坦率地说

④catch+宾语+doing

Icaughtthemstealingmyapples.我抓住他们偷我的苹果。

Ifshecatchesmereadingherdiary,shellbefurious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记,她会愤怒的

注:有些现在分词可以作介词用:如concerning,considering,regarding,respecting等。

Consideringhisage,heistall.考虑了他的年龄

Ihavenothingtosayconcerninghisspeech.关于他的演讲

III.非谓语动词比较

1.做主语和宾语时的比较

一般来说,不定式和动名词成份相同时,表示客观性、一般性行为多用动名词表示,而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。

Lookingafterchildrenisherjob.照看小孩

Tocleantheclassroomishisjobtoday.打扫教室

Ilikeswimming,butIdontliketoswimtodaybecauseIdontfeelwell.

注意下列重点内容:

①begin和start本身为进行时,或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时,须接不定式

Whenwecamein,theywerebeginningtohavesupper.

Afterhisexplanation,Ibegantounderstandit/realizethatIwaswrong.

②有些词后面既可以接不定式.亦可接动名词,但其意义有很大区别,须特别注意

A.remember,forget,regret接动名词,表示完成意义(=havingdone),接不定式,表示将来意义

PleaseremembertobringmethebookIwantnexttime.

Irememberseeingher(=havingseenher)somewherebefore.

Dontforgettowritetomesoon.

Ineverforgetvisiting(=havingvisited)themforthefirsttime.

Iregretmissingthatgoodfilmlastweek.(后悔)

Iregretnottaking(nothavingtaken)youradvice.

IregrettosayIcanttakeyouradvice.(遗憾=besorry)

B.mean:meantodo=wanttodo打算,想要……

meandoing:意味着,就是

IamsorryIdidntmeantohurtyourfeelings,

Imeanttocallonyou,butIwassobusy.

Learningaforeignlanguagedoesntmeanjustworkinginclass.

C.stop:stoptodo停下来,要干另一件事(不定式作目的状语)

stopdoing停止做(动名词作宾语)

Aftersometime,theystoppedwalkingandhadarest.

Afterwalkingsometime,theystoppedtohavearest.

D.try:trytodo,努力,试图干……

trydoing:试着干……

Hesearchedeverywhereandtriedtofindhiskey.

Hecametothecityfromthecountrysideandtriedtofindajob.

Themotherisoutandtheboyhadtotrycookingforhimself.

Theytriedtosucceedandtrieddoingtheirexperimentsagainandagain.

E.want,need,require接动名词表示被动意义,接不定式就要i用被动式,这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系。

Theseyoungtreesrequirelookingafter(=tobelookedafter).

Thematterneedsthinkingover(=tobethoughtover).

F.goon:goontodo继续干和原来不同的另一件事(不定式作目的状语)

goondoing继续干原来同一件事(动名词作宾语)

Afterasmoke,hewentontellingusthatinterestingstory.

Afterwritingthecompositionhewentontoworkouthismathsproblems.

G.动词advise,allow,permit,forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词,接复合宾语时用动词不定式。

Doctorsadvisegivingupsmokingtobenefitoneshealth.(放弃)

Thedoctoradvisedhimtogiveupsmokingsoastoimprovehishealth.(放弃)

Shedoesntallow(permit)smokinginherroom.(允许)

H.beconsideredtohavedone被认为已经做了……

consider…tobe认为是……

considerdoing考虑做某事

I.be(get)usedtodoing习惯于……

beusedtodo被用来做……

J.can’thelpdoing情不自禁做……

can’thelptodo不能帮助做……

2.做宾补时的比较

不定式可以表示一次性、具体性行为,以及将来意义的行为。现在分词可以表示当时正在发生的进行意义的行为,亦可表示-个持续时间的延续性的行为动作。过去分词可以表示完成意义的行为或状态,及物动词的过去分词亦有被动意义,不及物动词的过去分词仍是主动意义。

WhenIcamein,Isawherdancinghappily.

IoftenhearhersingsongsinEnglishinherroom.

Theyhadthelightsburningallnightlong.

IsawLiPingpassbyandenterthenextroomjustnow.

Themotherwillhavethedoctorexaminehersonagain.

TomorrowIllhavemyhaircut.

WhenIgothomeIfoundthewindowbrokenandthethiefgoneawayalready.

Whentheyreturnedtotheirhometown,afteranabsenceoftwentyyears,theyfoundeverythingchanged.

3.做表语时的比较

不定式和动名词做表语解释主语内容,且可以和主语颠倒,意思仍然通顺,回答what的问题。它们有时存在经常性和一次性行为的区别,分词做表语表明主语的性质、特征和状态,不能和主语颠倒,可以回答how的问题。

Herjobiscleaningoffices.(Whatisherjob?)(=Cleaningofficesisherjob.)

Ourjobtodayistocleantheoffice.(=Tocleantheofficeisourjobtoday.)

Thenewsisveryexciting.(Howisthenews?)

Theyareverytiredafteralongwalk.

Thedoorislockednow.

Thechildrenarewelldressedthesedays.

4.做定语时的比较

不定式做定语与先行词有动宾、主谓和解释先行词内容等关系。在时态上常是将来意义,现在分词做定语是现在时或进行时态意义;过去分词做定语则是完成时态意义。此外,不定式做定语时只能后置,不可前置,而单个分词做定语可前置,分词短语做定语则须后置。动名词做定语,须前置,且要重读,它表明先行词的用途。而分词做定语表明先行词的性质、特征和状态。

aswimmingboy=aboywhoisswimmingaswimmingpool=apoolforswimming

theboilingwater=thewaterthatisboilingdrinkingwater=waterfordrinking

TodayIhavealettertowrite.Pleasefindamantohelpus.

ItisagoodchancetopracticeyourspokenEnglish.练习你的口语

IlikereadingbookswrittenbyLuXun.

ThewomanstandingoverthereisourEnglishteacher.站在那边的

Thehousetobebuilt(=whichwillbebuilt/whichistobebuilt)nextyearwillbeournewlibrary.

Thehousebeingbuilt(=whichisbeingbuilt)nowwillbeournewlibrary.

Thehousebuilt(=whichwasbuilt)lastyearisournewlibrarynow.

5.做状语时的比较

不定式和分词做状语各有不同分工。动词不定式多做目的、结果和原因状语,且多放在句末;分词

可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式状语,多置于句首,做伴随状语,多放在后面。分词用于godoing结构中作目的状语。

①目的状语:通常有不定式表示,由于不定式的客观性和将来性特征。不定式前还可加上inorder,soas来加强说话的口气。但soasto通常不用于句首。

TheSmithshavegonetoLondontospendtheirholidays.

Icamehere(inorder/soas)tohearthereport.

Inorderto(不用soasto)seebetter,wetookfrontseats.

②时间状语:分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首,表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生,有时现在分词前可以加上时间连词。如果分词动作发生在谓语动词之前,用现在分词的完成体形式。过去分词作时间状语与谓语动词构成同时性和被动意义。分词前有时加上时间连词。

Arriving(=Whenhearrived)atthebusstop,hefoundhissisterthere.

Waiting(=WhenIwaswaiting)toseethedoctor,Imetwithafriendofmine.

Having(=Whenwehave)madefullpreparations,wearereadyforanexamination.

Having(=Whenhehad)finishedhishomework,hewenttobed.

Afterfinishinghishomework,hewenttobed.

Seen(=Whenthetownisseen)fromthehill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.

Locked(=Whenhewaslooked)upintheroom,hefoundhimselfisolatedfromtheouterworld.

Whenaskedtomakeaspeech,hesaidhewasgladtodoso.当请他作演讲时

Oncerecovered,hewillgoallouttodohiswork.一旦康复

③原因状语:不定式作原因状语往往用于形容词之后,这些形容词通常是happy,sorry,fortunate,angry,glad,ashamed,discouraged,delighted,frightened,shocked等。分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句。一般位于句首。

Iamsorrytohearthatyouarenotwell.

Imverysorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.让你久等了

Wearegreatlydelightedtohaveanativeasourguide.

Being(=Sincehewas)illalllastyear,helivedinasanatorium.

Therebeingnoenoughmoney,hecouldntbuythedictionarythathewanted.由于没有钱

Having(=Sincetheyhad)beenaskedtostay,theycouldntpossiblyleaverightaway.

Moved(=Ashewasmoved)bytheheroicdeedsofthePLAman,heburstintotears.

④条件状语:通常用分词来表示,相当于条件状语从句。一般位于句首。

Turning(=Ifyouturn)totheleft,youwillseethepostoffice.

United(=Ifweareunited),westand;divided(=ifwearedivided),wefall.

Given(=Ifhehadbeengiven)moretime,hewouldbeabletodobetter.

⑤结果状语从句:不定式作结果状语通常用于so+形容词或副词+asto,such+名词+asto,too…to,enoughto和onlyto等结构。现在分词作结果状语表示谓语动词的结果。

Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.

Iworkedlateintothenight,onlytofindIhadnotfinishedhalfofthejob.

Hewassofriendlyastobealwayshelpfultohisneighbors.

Hisissuchasadstoryastoarouseoutsympathy.

Iranfasterthanever,reachingtheschoolyardquiteoutofbreath.

Themandiedyoung,leavingnothingbutdebt.

⑥让步状语:通常由过去分词来表示,而且前面通常有表示让步意义的though。

Thoughwounded,thesoldiermanagedtogettothevillagesafely.

Thoughwarnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.

⑦伴随或方式状语:分词作伴随状语通常位于句尾,表示谓语动词正在所处主动或被动的状态。

Chinesebusinessmen,taxidriversandstudentstalkwiththemusingEnglish.

Shecamerunningtowardsus.

Theywalkedalongthestreets,talkingandlaughing.

Hewentintothehouse,followedbysomechildren.

Hecontinuedtowalkupanddown,lostinthought.

IV.关于therebe的非谓语形式

therebe非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语

1.作动词宾语时,通常用theretobe结构,而不用therebeing。能这样用的及物动词为:expect,like,mean,intend,want,prefer,hate等,如:

Wedontwanttheretobeanycomradeslaggingbehind.我们不希望有任何同志掉队。

Theyhatetheretobelongqueueseverywhere..他们不愿意处处都要排长队。

Wehavenoobjectiontotherebeingameetinghere.我们并不反对在这里开会。

2.作状语多用therebeing结构,但若置于介词for之后要用theretobe

Therebeingnobodyelseathand,Ihadtodobymyself.由于附近没有人,我只得独自干了。(原因状语)

It’stooearlyfortheretobeanybodyup.太早了,还不会有人起床。(作程度状语)

Therehavingbeennorainforalongtime,thegroundwasverydry.

因为好长时间没下雨了,地面非常干燥。(原因状语)

3.作主语时两种结构都可以,但如是用for引导则要用theretobe.

Itisnotuncommonfortheretobeproblemsofcommunicationbetweenoldandyoung.

老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。

Therebeingakindergartenoncampusisagreatconveniencetofemaleteachers.

校园内有幼儿园对女教师十分方便。

 

1.—Whydon’tyoulikeTom?—Ithinkheisaman_________.

A.tobeworkedwithB.workingwithC.toworkwithD.beingworkedwith

2.Hesaidthathe_________whathecould________us,buthewastoobusythen.

A.woulddo,helpB.couldhavedone,tohelpC.wouldhavedone,helpingD.coulddo,helped

3.Wouldyoupleasetellmethewaythoughtof_________thegarden.

A.takecareofB.totakecareofC.takingcareofD.howtotakecareof

4.—Youlookrathertiredtoday.

—______nottomissthe4:20flight,Ididn’tdaretoclosemyeyes.

A.RemindingB.Reminded

C.BeingremindedD.Havingreminded

5.___________,themonumentcouldberestoredtoitsformerglory.

A.IfrepairedwellB.IfrepairingwellC.TorepairwellD.Repairingwell

6.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid_______tothenotice.

A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrily

C.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing

7.OnAugust12,TyphoonMorakotsweptacrossTaiwanisland,_________alotofvillages___________.

A.left;damagedB.leaving;damagingC.leaving;damagedD.left;damaging

8.Thefood,____________good,wassoonsoldoutwhenitwastakentothemarket.

A.tastedB.beingtastedC.tastingD.havingtasted

9.Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork_______,werefusedhisoffer.

A.notfinishingB.hadnotbeenfinished

C.nothavingfinishedD.notfinished

10.Withtoomanyconstructionprojects_________allthestrengthoutoftheeconomy,peopleofthesmallcountrycomplainedalot.

A.suckingB.tosuckC.beingsuckedD.beingsucking

11.TimBemers-Leeisgenerallyconsidered_________theWorldWideWeb,onwhichalltheinformationissharedbyall.

A.tohavefoundedB.havingfoundedC.foundingD.tofound

12.Onthebankoftheriver,wefoundhim______onabeach,withhiseyes_______onakiteinthesky.

A.seated;fixingB.sitting;fixingC.seated;beingfixedD.sitting;fixed

13.Tigers_____meat-eatinganimals_____meats.

A.belongedto;feedonB.belongingto;feedon

C.werebelongedto;arefedonD.belongingto;arefedon

14.______fortheseriousaccident,thepresentofShanxiProvincehadtoresign.

A.ToblameB.BlamingC.BeingtoblameD.Tobeblamed

15.Withsomebooksheneeded_________,hewentintothebookstorequickly.

A.tobuyB.boughtC.tobeboughtD.buying

16.AftertheShenzhouVIcapsule(太空舱)toucheddown,twoastronautssucceededintravelingaroundthe

earth,thusagain__________Chinaisaglobalspacepower.

A.provingB.toproveC.tohaveprovedD.beingproved

17.Therewasanicelittlegiftforeveryone,withasuitablepoem_______toit.

A.attachedB.tobeattachingC.toattachD.attaching

18.____byhisparentsforlong,Johnfeelssadintheheartthoughheappears_______bothered

aboutit.

A.Beingignored;nottobeB.Tobeignored;tohavenotbeen

C.Ignored;nottobeD.Ignoring;notbeing

19.Weare_______totalkloudlyinthedormitorywhenothersaretakinganoon-break.

A.supposedB.supposingC.notsupposedD.notsupposing

20.Thelatestsurvey,_________by,foundmorethan12percentofteenagerswanttoworkaspilots.

A.tobecarriedoutB.beingcarriedoutC.carriedoutD.havingbeencarriedout

21.TheconstructionofaneconomiczonetothewestcoastoftheTaiwanStraits,_____atpresent,willsurelystimulate(刺激)thedecliningeconomyonbothsidesoftheStraits.

A.tobediscussedB.beingdiscussedC.discussedD.discussing

22.Theyoungmansatbackinhissofa,______withwhathehadworkedouttodowiththeremainingwork.

A.havingsatisfiedB.beingsatisfiedC.TobesatisfiedD.satisfied

23.Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,completely_____totheoutsideworld.

A.havingbeenlostB.tobelostC.losingD.lost

24.—Thepolicehavecaughtthemurderer.

—Yes,butherefusedtoadmit________hiswifeonarainynightsevenyearsago.

A.tokillB.tohavekilledC.havingkilledD.havebeenkilling

25.________totrainhisdaughterinEnglish,heputanadlikethisinthepaper,“_________,anEnglishteacherforaten-year-oldgirl.”

A.Determined;wantedB.Determined;wantingC.Determine;wantedD.Determining;wanting

26.—Lucydoesn’tseemtobewhatshewas.

—No._________somuchinthewarhasmadehermorethoughtful.

A.SeenB.HerseeingC.HavingseenD.Tohaveseen

27.twiceayear,whetheritisacarorabusoratruck,istherulethateverydrivermustobeyinthiscity.

A.ExaminingB.ExaminedC.BeingexaminedD.Havingbeenexamined

28.Wehopethebuildingproject_________willbecompletedassoonaspossiblebecausealotofcitizensarecomplainingaboutthenoises.

A.tobecarriedoutB.carriedoutC.beingcarriedoutD.carryingout

29.Anewteachnique_________theyieldsasawholeincreasedbyabout30percent.

A.hadappliedB.havingappliedC.tohaveappliedD.havingbeenapplied

30.Thelonglastingwar,______withbloodanddeaths,endedinpeople’ssadness,_______noresult.

A.filling;reachedB.filled;toreachC.filling;wouldreachD.filled;reaching

31.Thetwooldsisters,_______solong,heldeachotherandburstintotears.

A.beingseparatedB.havingbeenseparatedC.havingseparatedD.hadbeenseparated

32.Somepeopleagainsttollbooths(收费站)arguethatroads,once___________,shouldbefree.

A.buildingB.builtC.havingbuiltD.beingbuilt

33.Somethingextraordinaryhappenedinthathospital.Aman,________clinicallydead,suddenlycametolife.

A.declaringB.beingdeclaredC.declaredD.havingdeclared

34._________yourreceipttothecustomerservicedepartmentandtheywillpaythemoneybacktoyou.

A.HavingbroughtB.BringC.BringingD.Tobring

35.____itwithmeshouldbeagoodchoice.Trustme.

A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave

36.Ireallycantunderstand_________herlikethat.

A.youtreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatD.youtreating

37._____whathecando.Hemightgetajobtomorrow.Hemightstayoutofworkforweeks.

A.Wedidn’tknowB.Hedoesn’tknowC.ThereisnoknowingD.Itwasknownthat

38.Therearealotofstudentsinthereadingroom,mostof_________withtheireyes_________onandtheirheadsbentovertheirbooks.

A.whom;fixingB.them;fixedC.whom;fixedD.them;fixing

39.TheboyIconsidered______cheatedinthelastexam.

A.tobehonestB.thatishonestC.washonestD.beinghonest

40.Thoughatyphoonisontheway,peoplearestilllookingforward_________theoutdoorconcertbythepopsinger.

A.tocancelingB.nottocancelingC.nottocancelD.tonotcanceling

1-5CBBBA6-10ACCDA11-15ADBCA16-20AACCC

21-25BDDCA26-30BCCDD31-35BBCBB36-40DCBAD

高考英语二轮复习《非谓语动词》讲学案押题


一、单句填空
1.Inside,though,theplacewaspracticallyempty—therewasjustonecouple,________(sit)atatablenearthewindow.
sitting 
句意:然而,室内实际上很空荡,只有一对夫妇坐在窗子边的桌子。描述前面onecouple所发生的动作行为,用动词的现在分词。
2.Theseclubsgiveyoutheopportunity________(play)asportyouloveorlearnasportthatisnewtoyou.
toplay 
句意:这些俱乐部给你机会去进行你所喜欢的运动或学习你还不熟悉的运动。opportunity后接动词不定式作定语,表示“做……的机会”。
3.Inthesecases,clubmembershavetoworkhardtoorganizefundraisersandcollectmoneytokeeptheirsports________(go).
going 
句意:这些情况下,俱乐部成员不得不努力组织募捐活动和筹集资金保证运动会的进行。keepdoing“一直做……”。
4.Hesawthestone,________(say)tohimself...
saying 
5.BychanceElizabethsawDarcysandWickhamsfacesatthemomentwhentheycaughtsightofeachother,andshewas________(astonish)attheeffectofthemeeting.
astonished 
句意:就在他们互相见面的时候,伊丽莎白碰巧看见了达西和威克姆的脸;她对会面的结果很吃惊。根据句意可知,表示人的心理状态,astonish用过去分词形式。
6.Weshouldtryeveryeffort________(prevent)violencehappeningatschool,....
toprevent 
句意:我们应该竭尽全力来防止校园暴力的发生……。tryeveryeffort“尽一切努力”,后面接不定式作目的状语。
7.Theycanchoose________(live)inmanyenvironmentsandinawidevarietyofways.
tolive 
句意:他们可以选择生活在多种环境中,以不同的方式生活。choose后跟动词不定式作宾语,choosetodosth.“选择做某事”。
8.Asusual,Ihadtoleaveamessage,fully________(expect)tohearfromhimlaterthateveningorthenextday.
expecting 
9.Halfwaythroughhistalk,thespeakerstoppedanddecided________(create)agroupactivity.
tocreate 
句意:在他的讲话到一半的时候,演讲者停了下来,决定搞一个集体活动。decide后跟动词不定式作宾语,decidetodosth.“决定做某事”。
10.Beforeleaving,wespenthalfanhour________(play)withthestudentsthere.
playing 
句意:在离开之前我们花了半个小时的时间和那儿的学生们一起玩。spend...(in)doingsth.“花费……做某事”。
11.Iwassurprised________(see)youretakingthisclass.
tosee 
句意:看到你也在上这个课我很惊讶。besurprisedtodosth.“做某事很惊讶”。
12.Iopenedthedoorandsawhim________(stand)thereandIdidntbelievemyeyesatfirst.
standing 
句意:我打开门,看到他站在那里。我一开始都不敢相信自己的眼睛。seesb.doingsth.“看见某人正在做某事”。
二、语法填空
KeepingadiaryinEnglishisoneofthe__1__(effect)waystoimproveourEnglishwritingability.
__2__(compare)withotherformsofwriting,itisshorterandtakes__3__(little)time.ItcanhelpustodevelopthehabitofthinkinginEnglish.Ifwepersistinthispractice,graduallywelllearnhowtoexpress__4__(us)inEnglish.InkeepingadiaryinEnglish,wecertainlyrunupagainstmanydifficulties.In__5__firstplace,itoftenhappensthatwehavetrouble__6__(find)appropriatewordsandphrasestogiveexpressiontoourmind.Secondly,therearemanyidiomaticwaysofsayingthingsinChinese.AnditisextremelyhardforustoputthemintoEnglish__7__(proper).
AsfarasIamconcerned,my__8__(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChineseEnglishdictionarywithineasyreach.Wheneversomethingbeatsus,wecanfirstputitdowninournotebook__9__thenconsultourdictionary.WecanalsoturntoourEnglishteacherforhelp,ifnecessary.Inshort,Ibelievethatitis__10__greatusetokeepadiaryinEnglishforthedevelopmentofourwritingskills.

1.effective 修饰名词ways用形容词。
2.Compared comparedwith/to“与……相比”,是固定用法,常在句中作状语。
3.less 根据前面的shorter判断填比较级less,表示“更短,花时间更少”。
4.ourselves expressoneself“表达自己的观点/感情等”,是固定短语,故填反身代词ourselves。
5.the 从后面的secondly可以判断出这里要表示顺序,所以first前用定冠词。
6.finding havetrouble(in)doingsth.“做某事有麻烦/困难”,是固定短语。
7.properly 修饰动词put...into...用副词,表示方式。
9.and 根据then判断,前后两个动作是递进关系,填and。
10.of “beof+名词”是固定用法,其意义相当于该名词的同根形容词;beofgreatuse相当于begreatlyuseful。

高考英语非谓语动词和谓语动词


经验告诉我们,成功是留给有准备的人。高中教师在教学前就要准备好教案,做好充分的准备。教案可以让学生更好地进入课堂环境中来,帮助高中教师更好的完成实现教学目标。关于好的高中教案要怎么样去写呢?下面是由小编为大家整理的“高考英语非谓语动词和谓语动词”,希望能对您有所帮助,请收藏。

提示;在英语语法中,掌握好动词的用法是最重要的,而非谓语动词又是动词中非常重要的一部分,由于它们内容多,有些用法相似,所以不好掌握,经常被混淆用错,笔者通过列表比较方法,我们会对非谓语动词的用法一目了然,找出异同,更好的掌握它们的用法,下面通过列表比较的方式,分析非谓语动词的主要用法。

一、非谓语动词和谓语动词的相对时间关系

非谓语动词

相对谓语动词的时间意义

例句

一般式不定式

说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后,多数是那些表愿望的词:want;hope;expect;wish等。

Iwanttogohome.
Ihopetoseeyou.

说明行为与谓语动词表示的行为同时发生,多数是那些省略不定式符号的词,一般是复合宾语。

Isawhimcomein.
Hehelpedhim(to)carrythings.

一般式动名词

表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。

Weenjoyedseeingthefilm.
Iamthinkingoftakingoverthejob.

在动词insiston;relyon;counton(相信)等后表示动作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生。

Heinsistedondoingthatwork

在有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词on;uponafter代替完成动名词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作先发生。

Irememberseeinghimbefore.
OnarrivingBeijing,hewenttoseehisfriend.

一般式分词

现在分词

持续性动词

说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。

Hestoodtherespeaking.
Holdingabookunderhisarm,heenteredtheroom.

终止性动词

说明分词表示的动作发生之后,句中谓语动词表示的动作立刻发生。

Enteringtheroom,Ifoundnobodyin.
Turningtotheright,youwillfindthepostoffice.

过去分词

持续性动词

 

通常说明分词表示的动作,此句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。

WritteninsimpleEnglish,thebookiseasytoread.
Icantfindmylostpen.

说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作并无先后。

Heisapersonwell-knowninthiscountry.

代替完成式现在分词的被动语态。

Educatedbytheparty,hebecameabravefighter.

完成式不定式

说明行为动词在谓语动词表示的行为动词之前发生。

Imsorrytohavetroubledyou.
Heissaidtohavecomehere.
Heisthoughttohavedoneit.
Heisbelievedtohavedoneit.
Heseemedtohaveknownit.

在wish,hope,expect,intend,mean,suppose等动词过去时后,说明行为动词没有实现。

Wewishedtohavedonethis.
Iexpectedtohaveleftbythen.
(=Ihadexpectedtoheavebythen.)

 

完成式动名词

说明动名词表示的动作,此句中动词表示的动作先发生。

Weregrethavingtoldyouthenews.
Afterhavingfinishedhiswork,hewenthome.
Hedeniedhavingbroketheglasses.

完成式分词

说明分词表示的动作,此句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。多数表示一些瞬时间动词。如果是hear;see或表示位置转移的动词arrive;leave;turn;open.不用完成时

Havingfinishedhiswork,hewenthome.
Sittingdownwithhim,webeguntodiscussit.
Hearingthis,heroseandwenttothedoor.

二.非谓语动词的被动语态1.非谓语动词被动语态的意义

非谓语动词

意义和用法

例句

不定式

表示被动的意义

Themeetingistobeheldnextweek.

Hewantedtobesenttothehardarea.

有时主动形式表示被动的意义,同被动没什么区别,具有“应该”.“值的”的意思。不定式是主语的承受者,但有时作某些形容词的宾语,如:nice,easy,hard,difficult,fit,suitable,good,heavy,comfortable,cheap等。

Itstoosmalltosee.

Thereisalotofworktodo

Thehouseistoletatlowrent.

Housesarestilltoseek.

Muchremainstodo.

Thetextishardtolearn.

动名词

表示被动的意义

Heinsistedonbeingsenttothehardarea.

在动词need,require等的主动语态和形容词worth后,表示被动的意义

Mywatchneedsrepairing.

Thebookisworthreading.

分词

现在分词

表示被动的意义

Thebuildingbeingbuiltisaschool.

Nothavingbeentold,hedidntknowwheretostart.

过去分词

表示被动的意义

Heated,themetalexpands.

2.一般现在分词,完成的现在分词和过去分词表示被动意义的区别

非谓语动词

意义和用法

例句

一般式现在分词

含有具体的意义,说明和句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,一般是持续性动词

Thepersonbeingcriticizedisourmonitor.

完成式分词

表示动作状态比句中谓语动作先发生,一般是瞬间动词

Nothavingbeentoldaboutit,Idontknowhowtodoit.

过去分词

具有一船的意义,强调事实,说明比句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生,有时同完成式的被动词态可互换。

Givenmoretime,(=Havingbeengiven)Icandoitmuchbetter.

三.非谓语动词的句法作用1.非谓语动词的句法作用一览表

非谓语动词句子成分

不定式

动名词

分词

主语

 

宾语

直接宾语

 

短语动词宾语

 

宾语补语

介词宾语

 

 

形容词宾语

 

表语

定语

状语

 

同谓语

 

插入语

 

2.非谓语动词作主语

非谓语动词

意义和用法

例句

不定式

动词不定式表示比较具体的意义,经常和特定的动作和执行者联系起来,经常带时间或地点状语,有时表示将要发生的动作。

Tomasteraforeignlanguageisnoeasyjob.
Todoitwellismyearnestdesire
Toseethisfilmistowastetime.
Tosolvethisproblemisoutofthequestion

动词不定式(短语)作主语时,常见的另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语,而将动词不定式(短语)移到谓语之后作真正主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词,动词和名词

1)形容词作表语(常见的形容词有:important,difficult,easyhardpossible)
Itisfoolishtoactinthisway.
Itsoundsreasonabletodoitthisway.
Itappearslikelyforthemtoarrive.
2)动词作谓语(常见的动词有:require,cost,amuse,delight,irritate,annoy
Ittookmuchtimetodothis.
Itmakesusexcitedtothinkaboutthat.
Itneededhardworktofinishthejob.
3)名词作表语
Itseemsapitytowastethem.
Itisagreatpleasuretodothis
Itisagoodideatothinkthisway.

动名词

动名词表求比较抽象(一般)和经常性的意义,有时可同不定式互换

Collectingstampsisagoodhobby.
Swimmingisabestsportinsummer.
Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappen.
Thereisnodenyingthefact.
Thereisnoneedinforminghimofit.

动名词短语作主语时,常见的另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语面将动名词短语移至谓语之后作真实主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词和名词

1)形容词作表语(常见的形容词有:enjoyable,good,hard,worthwhile)
Itisnicetalkingtoyou.
Itsfoolishbehavinglikethat.
Itisuselessdoingthat
2)名词作表语
Itswasteoftimedoingthis.Itsnogood(use)doingthat.
Itsanawfuljobdoingthis.Itsfundoingthis
Itisnotaneasytaskdoingthiswork.