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高中非谓语动词教案

发表时间:2020-12-09

高考英语二轮复习《非谓语动词》讲学案押题。

一名优秀的教师在教学方面无论做什么事都有计划和准备,作为高中教师就要在上课前做好适合自己的教案。教案可以让学生能够在教学期间跟着互动起来,减轻高中教师们在教学时的教学压力。写好一份优质的高中教案要怎么做呢?以下是小编为大家收集的“高考英语二轮复习《非谓语动词》讲学案押题”但愿对您的学习工作带来帮助。

www.Jab88.com、单句填空
1.Inside,though,theplacewaspracticallyempty—therewasjustonecouple,________(sit)atatablenearthewindow.
sitting 
句意:然而,室内实际上很空荡,只有一对夫妇坐在窗子边的桌子。描述前面onecouple所发生的动作行为,用动词的现在分词。
2.Theseclubsgiveyoutheopportunity________(play)asportyouloveorlearnasportthatisnewtoyou.
toplay 
句意:这些俱乐部给你机会去进行你所喜欢的运动或学习你还不熟悉的运动。opportunity后接动词不定式作定语,表示“做……的机会”。
3.Inthesecases,clubmembershavetoworkhardtoorganizefundraisersandcollectmoneytokeeptheirsports________(go).
going 
句意:这些情况下,俱乐部成员不得不努力组织募捐活动和筹集资金保证运动会的进行。keepdoing“一直做……”。
4.Hesawthestone,________(say)tohimself...
saying 
5.BychanceElizabethsawDarcysandWickhamsfacesatthemomentwhentheycaughtsightofeachother,andshewas________(astonish)attheeffectofthemeeting.
astonished 
句意:就在他们互相见面的时候,伊丽莎白碰巧看见了达西和威克姆的脸;她对会面的结果很吃惊。根据句意可知,表示人的心理状态,astonish用过去分词形式。
6.Weshouldtryeveryeffort________(prevent)violencehappeningatschool,....
toprevent 
句意:我们应该竭尽全力来防止校园暴力的发生……。tryeveryeffort“尽一切努力”,后面接不定式作目的状语。
7.Theycanchoose________(live)inmanyenvironmentsandinawidevarietyofways.
tolive 
句意:他们可以选择生活在多种环境中,以不同的方式生活。choose后跟动词不定式作宾语,choosetodosth.“选择做某事”。
8.Asusual,Ihadtoleaveamessage,fully________(expect)tohearfromhimlaterthateveningorthenextday.
expecting 
9.Halfwaythroughhistalk,thespeakerstoppedanddecided________(create)agroupactivity.
tocreate 
句意:在他的讲话到一半的时候,演讲者停了下来,决定搞一个集体活动。decide后跟动词不定式作宾语,decidetodosth.“决定做某事”。
10.Beforeleaving,wespenthalfanhour________(play)withthestudentsthere.
playing 
句意:在离开之前我们花了半个小时的时间和那儿的学生们一起玩。spend...(in)doingsth.“花费……做某事”。
11.Iwassurprised________(see)youretakingthisclass.
tosee 
句意:看到你也在上这个课我很惊讶。besurprisedtodosth.“做某事很惊讶”。
12.Iopenedthedoorandsawhim________(stand)thereandIdidntbelievemyeyesatfirst.
standing 
句意:我打开门,看到他站在那里。我一开始都不敢相信自己的眼睛。seesb.doingsth.“看见某人正在做某事”。
二、语法填空
KeepingadiaryinEnglishisoneofthe__1__(effect)waystoimproveourEnglishwritingability.
__2__(compare)withotherformsofwriting,itisshorterandtakes__3__(little)time.ItcanhelpustodevelopthehabitofthinkinginEnglish.Ifwepersistinthispractice,graduallywelllearnhowtoexpress__4__(us)inEnglish.InkeepingadiaryinEnglish,wecertainlyrunupagainstmanydifficulties.In__5__firstplace,itoftenhappensthatwehavetrouble__6__(find)appropriatewordsandphrasestogiveexpressiontoourmind.Secondly,therearemanyidiomaticwaysofsayingthingsinChinese.AnditisextremelyhardforustoputthemintoEnglish__7__(proper).
AsfarasIamconcerned,my__8__(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChineseEnglishdictionarywithineasyreach.Wheneversomethingbeatsus,wecanfirstputitdowninournotebook__9__thenconsultourdictionary.WecanalsoturntoourEnglishteacherforhelp,ifnecessary.Inshort,Ibelievethatitis__10__greatusetokeepadiaryinEnglishforthedevelopmentofourwritingskills.

1.effective 修饰名词ways用形容词。
2.Compared comparedwith/to“与……相比”,是固定用法,常在句中作状语。
3.less 根据前面的shorter判断填比较级less,表示“更短,花时间更少”。
4.ourselves expressoneself“表达自己的观点/感情等”,是固定短语,故填反身代词ourselves。
5.the 从后面的secondly可以判断出这里要表示顺序,所以first前用定冠词。
6.finding havetrouble(in)doingsth.“做某事有麻烦/困难”,是固定短语。
7.properly 修饰动词put...into...用副词,表示方式。
9.and 根据then判断,前后两个动作是递进关系,填and。
10.of “beof+名词”是固定用法,其意义相当于该名词的同根形容词;beofgreatuse相当于begreatlyuseful。

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高考英语二轮复习《动词的时态和语态》讲学案押题


一、单句填空
1.Hehadwildblackhairfleckedwithgrayand________(wear)apinkshirtandsilkslippers.
waswearing
句意:他乱乱的黑发中长有些许白发,身穿粉红色的衬衫,脚上穿着一双丝绸拖鞋。由于描述当时所穿的衣服、鞋子等,故用过去进行时。
2.Thenhe________(hide)behindatreeandwaited.
hid 
句意:于是,他躲在树后等待着。根据and后面的waited可知,与之并列的动作也发生在过去,须用一般过去时。
3.“Thenight________(be)verydark.Someneighborswillcomealonglaterinthedarkandwillfallagainstthestone.”
willbe 
句意:“夜晚将会漆黑,一些邻居漆黑中过来就会被这块石头绊倒。”根据后面句子中的willcomealong可知,指将会发生的情况。
4.Atmyschool,“dressdown”tickets________(sell)onschooldays.
aresold 
句意:我们学校上学日都有“免穿校服”券出售。分析tickets与sell的语义关系可知,应用一般现在时的被动语态。
5.Inoticedamansittingatthefront.He________(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.
waspretending 
6.Oh,itlookslikeProfessorBrownishere.I________(talk)toyousomemoreafterclass.
willtalk 
句意:奥,好像布朗教授在这里,下课后再和你聊。根据前一句的时态及afterclass判断,talk是将要发生的动作,故填willtalk。
7.Yearsago,whenIwasapoorartisttryingtosellmypaintingsinlocalgalleries,I________(live)intheheartofthecity.
lived 
句意:多年前,我是一个穷画家,试着在一家当地的美术馆卖画。那时,我住在市中心。由yearsago判断,句子用一般过去时,故填lived。
8.Shealso________(believe)inhealthydiet.Andsherequiresustohaveregularmeals.
believes 
句意:她相信健康饮食,并且要求我们按时吃饭。根据后一句的时态判断,句子用一般现在时;she作主语,故填第三人称单数形式believes。
9.Wejumpedoutofthewindowsashecameinthroughthedoorand________(go)intothekitchentotakesomefoodforthefirsttime.
went 
句意:他从门口进来时,我们从窗户跳了出去,第一次从厨房里拿了一些食物。and连接并列谓语,go的形式与前面的jumped一致,故填went。
10.IimmediatelyrespondedwithasmileandmyheartfeltfreeofthestressthatI________(carry).
wascarrying/hadbeencarrying 
11.EveryanswerIgave________(receive)byafrownfromthemanager.
wasreceived 
句意:我的每一个答案经理都是皱眉反应。所填词是句子的谓语,与单数主语everyanswer之间是被动关系;根据从句时态判断用一般过去时的被动语态,故填wasreceived。
12.Irememberedsheonce________(tell)methatshewouldnotfallinlovewithadarkhairedguy.
told 
句意:我记得她曾告诉我她不会爱上黑头发的家伙。根据主句时态及once判断本空填told。
13.Parissculturaldiversities________(present)widelybythefactthatmanyworldwidedesignersarepleasedtoshowupwiththeirnewdesigns.
arepresented 
句意:巴黎文化的多样化是通过许多世界级的设计师喜欢展示他们的新设计这个事实体现的。所填词是句子的谓语,与复数主语diversities之间是被动关系;根据从句时态判断用一般现在时的被动语态,故填arepresented。
14.Hetoldmethathe________(overhear)theconversationwiththecoworkerabouthelpingthesickwoman.
hadoverheard 
二、语法填空

ChinasTuYouyouamongtrioto
winNobelMedicinePrize
STOCKHOLM—WilliamCampbell,SatoshiOmuraandTuYouyoujointly1.(win)theNobelPrizeinMedicinefortheirworkagainstparasiticdiseases(寄生虫病).TheChinesescientistTuYouyouwasawardedthe2.halfoftheprizefordiscoveringartemisinin(青蒿素),adrugthathassignificantlyreducedthemortalityratesforpatients3.(suffer)frommalaria.IrishbornCampbellandJapaneseOmurawonhalfoftheprizeforanewdrug,avermectin,4.hashelpedthebattleagainstriverblindness,aswellasshowingeffectivenessagainstother5.(disease).
Thesetwodiscoverieshaveprovidedhumankindwith6.(power)newmeanstofight7.thesediseasesthataffecthundredsofmillionsofpeopleannually.Despiterapidprogressincontrollingmalaria,themosquitobornediseasestillkillsmorethanhalfamillionpeopleayear,thevast
8.(major)ofbabiesandyoungchildreninthepoorestpartsofAfrica.MedicineisthefirstoftheNobelprizes9.(award)eachyear.Prizesfor10.(achieve)inscience,literatureandpeacewerefirstawardedin1901inaccordancewiththewillofAlfredNobel.
1.解析:won。考查动词的时态。获得的诺贝尔奖是过去的事情,因此用一般过去时。
2.解析:other。考查代词。theotherhalfoftheprize意为“奖项的另一半”。
3.解析:suffering。考查非谓语动词。此处patients和suffer为主动关系。
4.解析:which。考查定语从句。此句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为avermectin,是一种药品,在从句中作主语,故用which。
5.解析:diseases。考查名词的单复数。other+复数名词。
6.解析:powerful。考查词性转换。此空修饰名词means,故用形容词形式。
7.解析:against。考查固定搭配。fightagainst意为“与……抗争”。
8.解析:majority。考查词性转换。themajorityof...大多数……,固定短语。
9.解析:awarded。考查非谓语动词。theNobelprizes和award存在被动关系。
10.解析:achievements。考查词性转换。for为介词,后应该用名词形式。

高考英语二轮非谓语动词教案


高考英语二轮非谓语动词精讲及训练
动词不定式、分词(现在分词,过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语,所以叫做非谓语动词。
现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v+ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用,因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语,也就不受人称和数的限定,因为不是谓语,也就没有时态和语态,但这些词仍能表示动作和状态,所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系,因此也有表示主、被动的形式,同时也有自己的宾语和状语,一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语,分词短语,动名词短语)。非谓语动词在英语语法中占有特殊且重要的位置。非谓语动词形式多样,应用广泛,且在句中起着很活跃的作用,也是语法项目中的重点和难点,学好非谓语动词,才能正确进行口语和书面的交流。
(一)动词不定式:
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,如:tostudy,toplay,动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用,但仍留着动词的特征,它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语,如:tostudyhard,toplaytabletennis。
1.动词不定式的形式变化:动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。
语态式一般式完成式进行式完成进行式
主动tobuildtohavebuilttobebuildingtohavebeenbuilding
被动tobebuildtohavebeenbuild
2.动词不定式的基本用法:动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用,如:
(1)作主语:Tohelpeachotherisgood.(动词不定式作主语时,一般可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末,如:Itisgoodtohelpeachother.
(2)作表语:Myjobistodrivethemtothepowerstationeveryday.动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语,与表示将来时的be+动词不定式结构有所区别,如:Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。(句中的谓语动词为is,动词不定式tosetup…为表语,主语为plan,但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语,即动词不定式tosetup所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。)Wearetosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。(句中的aretosetup整个结构为句中谓语,主语为we,同时也是动词不定式tosetup所表示的动作的逻辑主语,即动词不定式tosetup所表示的动作是由we产生的)。
(3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语,如:Shewishestobeamusician.;②作某些形容词的宾语:可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad,sorry,afraid,pleased,determined,willing,eager,anxious,ready,sure等,如:Iamdeterminedtogiveupsmoking.;③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语,但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时,就可作介词的宾语,如:Canyougiveussomeadviceonwhattodonext?
(4)作宾语补足语,如:Tellthechildrennottoplayonthestreet.如果句中的谓语动词为see,hear,watch,notice,have,make,let等,作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去,如:Isawalittlegirlrunacrossthestreet.
(5)动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语时,须先用it作形式宾语,而将该动词不定式后置,如:Idon’tthinkitrighttodoitthatway.
(6)作定语:动词不定式作定语时,须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后,如:Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词,如:Heisthemantodependon.如果被不定式修饰的名词为place,time,way,不定式后面的介词,习惯上可以省去,如:Theoldmanislookingforaquietplacetolive.
(7)作状语:动词不定式可以作下列的状语:①目的状语:EverymorninghegetsupveryearlytoreadEnglish.为了强调不定式表示目的的作用,可在不定式前加inorderto或soasto(以便或为了),但应注意inorderto位于句首或句中均可,而soasto不能位于句首,如:ShereadsChinaDailyeverydayinorderto(soasto)improveherEnglish.将表示目的的不定式置于句首,也可强调目的的作用,如:Tomasteraforeignlanguage,onemustworkhardatit.②结果状语:Theylivedtoseetheliberationoftheirhometown.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too+形容词或副词+动词不定式,表示“足能…”的结果,如:Youareoldenoughtotakecareofyourselfnow.
3.复合结构不定式:由for+名词(或代词宾格)+动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语,这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语,如:Itisveryimportantforustogeteverythingreadyfortheharvest.当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语,这些形容词一般有good,nice,kind,wise,silly,stupid,foolish,right,wrong,careless,impolite等,如:Itisverykindofyoutohelphimeveryday.
4.疑问词+动词不定式:疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语,如:Howtopreventthemfromswimminginthisriverisaproblem.
5.动词不定式的否定式:动词不定式的否定式是由not+动词不定式构成,如:It’swrongofyounottoattendthemeeting.
6.动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系:(1)一般式:动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,但在多数情况下,是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生,如:Wedecidedtoplantmoretreesthisspring.(其后),Theyoftenwatchusplaytabletennis.(同时);(2)完成式:动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,如:Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.(3)进行式:动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中,而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,如:ShehappenedtobewritingaletterintheroomwhenIcamein.
7.动词不定式的被动语态用法:如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般就用被动语态形式,如:Whatistobedonenexthasn’tbeendecidedyet.
(二)动词-ing形式:动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征,可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。
1.-ing的形式:-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态,而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make和不及物动词go为例,将其-ing各种形式列表如下:
动词语态
形式及物动词make不及物动词go
主动语态被动语态主动语态
一般式makingbeingmadegoing
完成式havingmadehavingbeenmadehavinggone
2.-ing形式的基本用法。
(1)作主语:Seeingisbelieving.百闻不如一见。Talkingiseasierthandoing.–ing作主语时,如果其结构较长,可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的-ing后置。如:Itisn’tmuchgoodwritingtothemagain.It’snousewaitinghere.
(2)作表语:Herjobiswashingandcooking.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.
(3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语。Shelikesdrawingverymuch;②作某些短语动词的宾语。MaryisthinkingofgoingbacktoNewYork;③do+限定词(my,some,any,the等)+-ing,表示“做…事”之意,如:WeoftendoourcleaningonSaturdayafternoon.WillyoudoanyshoppingonSaturdaythisafternoon?④作介词的宾语:Hersisterisgoodatlearningphysics;⑤作形容词worth,busy等的宾语:Thisbookiswellworthreading.–ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时,要用it作为形式宾语,而将作宾语的-ing后置,如:Wefounditnogoodtalkinglikethat.Doyouthinkitnecessarytryingagain?
(4)作定语:Thesleepingchildisonlyfiveyearsold.Doyouknowthemanstandingatthegate?注:-ing形式作定语用时,如果-ing只是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是-ing短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后,-ing作定语时,被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。另外,-ing作定语用时,其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行的,如果不是同时进行的,就不能用-ing作定语,要使用定语从句,如:ThegirlwhowrotealetterthereyesterdaycanspeakEnglishverywell.
(5)作宾语补足语:Wecanseesteamrisingfromthewetclothes.注:当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时,句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语,可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see,watch,hear,observe,feel,find,have,keep等。
(6)作状语:①时间状语:SeeingTom,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofhisbrother.分词在句中作时间状语时,其前一般可加when或while,如:Whencrossingstreet,youmustbecareful.②原因状语:Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.③方式或伴随状语:MarystoodattheschoolgatewaitingforBetty.
3.主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。主动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前,一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语,并且是它所表示的动作的执行者,如:Havingansweredtheletter,shewentontoreadanEnglishnovel.
4.被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法。被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作,而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定语或状语用。如:Thetruckbeingrepairedthereisours.
5.被动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,在句中一般作状语用。如:Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.
6.-ing形式的复合结构。在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语,如:Yoursmokinganddrinkingtoomuchwilldoharmtoyourhealth.但在口语中,这种结构如作宾语用,其中的物主代词常用人称代词的宾格,名词的所有格常用名词的普通格代替,如:SheinsistedonPeter’s(orPeter)goingtherefirst.
7.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别。一般说来,表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式。表示一个具体某一次的动作时,多用动词不定式,如:Ourjobismakingsteel.Shelikesplayingthepiano,butshedoesn’twanttoplayittoday.
8.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别。-ing形式作定语用时,其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生,而动词不定式作定语时,其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。如:ThegirlwritingalettertherecanspeakEnglishverywell./Ihavethreeletterstowrite.
9.-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。(1)不定式作宾补时,其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后,如:Ihavetoldthemtocomeagaintomorrow.(2)在see,watch,hear,feel等之后,如果用-ing形式作宾补,表示其动作正在进行中,而用不带to的不定式作宾补时,不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程,如:Ihearhersingingintheroom.我听见她正在屋里唱歌。Ihearhersingintheroom.我听见她在屋里唱过歌。
10.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别。-ing形式在句作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况,而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时,一般是作目的或结果状语,如:Notreceivinghisletter,Iwrotetohimagain./Ilookedintothewindowtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.
(三)过去分词:
1.过去分词的基本用法:过去分词只有一种形式,也没有主动语态,它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时,其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者,如:
(1)作定语:过去分词作定语时,如果这个分词是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是分词短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词,就是该分词的逻辑主语,如:Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.
(2)作表语:过去分词作表语时,表示其逻辑主语所处的状态,其逻辑主语就是句中的主语,如:Theglassisbroken.这个玻璃杯是破的。注:过去分词作表语时,和动词的被动语态结构相似,但两者表达的意义不同,如:Theglasswasbrokenbymylittlebrother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词,如:crowded,devoted,discouraged,done,dressed,drunk,experienced,frightened,gone,hurt,interested,killed,known,learned,lost,pleased,satisfied,shut,surprised,tired,undressed,worried,astonished,broken,completed,covered等。
(3)作宾语补足语:过去分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语,如:WhenIopenedthedoor,Ifoundthegroundcoveredbyfallenleaves.注:动词have后的复合宾语中,宾语补足语如为过去分词,常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的,如:Ihadmybikerepairedyesterday.昨天我(找别人)把我的自行车给修了。
(4)作状语:过去分词作状语时,相当于一个状语从句,该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语,是过去分词所表示意义的逻辑宾语。为了使作状语的过去分词意义更加明确,常在分词前加when,if,while,though,as等连词,如:Seenfromthehill/Whenseenfromthehill,ourtownlooksbeautiful.;Givenmoretime/Ifgivenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.(we是该结构的逻辑主语,是give的逻辑宾语。)
独立主格:上述-ing和过去分词的用法中,-ing和过去分词在句中均有逻辑主语,但有时它们也能有自己的独立的主语,这种独立的主语,一般为名词或代词,位于其前之前,和-ing或过去分词构成独立主格。独立主格在句中一般只作状语用,而-ing和过去分词作用的形式,则要根据它们所表示的动作和句中谓语动词所表示的时间关系而定。至于独立主格中是使用-ing或是过去分词,则要根据它们的主语和其所表示的动作的主动被动关系而定,如:Thebellringing,weallstoppedtalking.注:Theworkhavingbeenfinished,shesatdowntohavearest.①独立结构中的being或havingbeen常可省去,如:Themeeting(being)over,alllefttheroom.②作伴随状语的独立结构常可用with短语来代替,如:Shereadtheletter,tearsrollingdownhercheeks./Shereadtheletterwithtearsrollingdownhercheeks.
2.-ing形式与过去分词的区别:
(1)语态不同:-ing形式表示主动概念,及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。aninspiringspeech鼓舞人心的演说;theinspiredaudience受鼓舞的听众。
(2)时间关系不同:现在分词所表示的动作一般是正在进行中的动作,而过去分词所表示的动作,往往是已经完成的动作,如:Thechangingworld正在发生的世界;thechangedworld已经起了变化的世界。
重难点剖析:
1.Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecould_______agoodcollege.
A.enterB.toenterC.enteringD.entered
陷阱:容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词could就断定此处应填动词原形enter。
分析:其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句,即在could后省略了动词do,若把句子补完整应为Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecoulddotoenteragoodcollege。即句中的不定式短语(toenteragoodcollege)是用作目的状语的,而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句:
(1)Theydidwhattheycouldtocomforther.他们尽量安慰她。
(2)Theydideverythingtheycouldtosaveherlife.他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。
(3)Hestudiesashardashecouldtocatchupwithhisclassmates.他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。
值得指出的是,这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题:
(4)Heranasfastashecould_____tocatchtheearlybus.
A.tohopeB.hopeC.hopingD.hoped
此题的答案是C不是A,其中的现在分词短语hopingtocatchtheearlybus用作伴随状语。
(5)Hespenteveryminutehecould_____spokenEnglish.
A.practiseB.topracticeC.practisingD.practised
此题答案选C,这与前面动词spent的搭配有关,即spend…(in)doingsth。若将此句补充完整,即为HespenteveryminutehecouldspendinpractisingspokenEnglish.
(6)Beforegoingabroadhedevotedallhecould____D____hisoralEnglish.
A.improveB.toimproveC.improvingD.toimproving
此题答案选D,注意两点:一是devote…to…是固定搭配,意为“把……贡献给……”;二是其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时要用动名词。
2.Heknowsnothingaboutit,sohecan’thelp_______anyofyourwork.
A.doingB.todoC.beingdoingD.tobedone
陷阱:容易误选B,根据can’thelpdoingsth这一结构推出。
分析:其实答案应选A。比较以下结构:
can’thelptodosth=不能帮助做某事
can’thelpdoingsth=禁不住做某事,情不自禁地做某事
又如下面一题,答案也是B:
Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.
AcleaningB.tocleanC.cleanedD.beingcleaned
再请看以下试题:
Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp_____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.
A.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded
此题应选C,句中的can’thelp意为“禁不住”(注意根据句意用被动形式)。
3.Allhertime_______experiments,shehasnotimeforfilms.
A.devotedtodoB.devotedtodoingC.devotingtodoingD.isdevotedtodoing
陷阱:几个干扰项均有可能误选。
分析:此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下:
(1)devote意为“致力于,献身于”,主要用devote…to…或bedevotedto,其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,故后接动词时要用动名词,不用不定式。
(2)选A错误:若将do改为doing则可以。
(3)选B正确:allhertimedevotedtodoingexperiments为独立主格结构,用作状语。
(4)选C错误:因为allhertime与devote为被动关系,故应将devoting改为devoted。
(5)选D错误:若单独看Allhertimeisdevotedtodoingexperiments,此句并没有错,但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式,所以从整体上看仍不对,假若在后一句的句首加上and或so,则可选D,或将D将中的is改为being也可选它。
请做以下类似题(答案均选A):
(1)Allthepreparationsfortheproject______,we’rereadytostart.
A.completedB.havebeencompletedC.hadbeencompletedD.beencompleted
(2)Such_______thecase,Icouldn’thelpbut______him.
A.being,supportB.was,supportC.hasbeen,supportingD.is,tosupport
比较以下各题,答案选B,因为句中使用了并列连词and:
(1)Allthepreparationsfortheproject______,andwe’rereadytostart.
A.completedB.havebeencompletedC.hadbeencompletedD.beencompleted
(2)Such_______thecase,Icouldn’thelpbut______him.
A.being,supportB.was,supportC.hasbeen,supportingD.is,tosupport
4.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,______itmoredifficult.
A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake
陷阱:容易误选C,受题干中的逗号的影响,认为是现在分词表结果的用法。
分析:其实答案应选B,句中的逗号相当于连词and或but,nottomakeitmoredifficult是对逗号前的不定式tomakelifeeasier的补充说明。此句的意思是“新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易,而不是使生活变得更困难”。两个不定式同时用以说明句子主语purpose的内容。请做以下类似试题(答案选B):
Thepurposeoftheschemeisnottohelptheemployersbut_____workforyoungpeople.
A.provideB.toprovideC.providingD.provided
5.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands______behindhisback.
A.tobetiedB.beingtiedC.tiedD.havingtied
陷阱:容易误选B。
分析:最佳答案为C。从意义上看,hands与tie的关系应属被动关系,故排除D。在A、B、C三个选项中,选项A比较容易排除,因为不定式表示将来意义,在此与语境不符。现将B和C作一比较:B为现在分词的被动式,它表示两层意义,一是表被动,二是表进行,也就是说hishandsbeingtied的实际意思是“他的手正在被捆住”,这显然与语境不符。而C为过去分词,它也表示两层意义,一是表被动,二是表示动词的完成或完成后的状态,此句中的withhishandstiedbehindhisback可视为手被捆在背后的一种状态。由此可知最佳答案为C。请看下面一题:
Anyone______tryingtotakeknivesonheardflightswouldbecaughtbythepolice.
A.findsB.foundC.beingfoundD.willfind
答案选B而不选C,其中的过去分词表示被动和完成。
比较下面两题,最佳答案是D不是A,现在分词的被动式表示被动和进行:
(1)Thecourthearsabout120casesayear;visitorsarewelcometoseeacase______.
A.arguedB.tobearguedC.tobearguingD.beingargued
(2)Thesilenceofthelibrarywassometimesbrokenbyanoccasionalcoughorbythesoundofpages_______.
A.turnedB.havingturnedC.tobeturnedD.beingturned
6.Remindme_______themedicinetomorrow.
A.oftakingB.takingC.totakeD.take
陷阱:容易误选A。受remindsbof(doing)sth这一常用结构的影响。
分析:最佳答案为C。比较以下三个结构:
remindsbof[about]sth=使某人想起某事
remindsbofdoingsth=提醒某人做过某事(暗示动作已发生)
remindsbtodosth=提醒某人去做某事(暗示动作尚未发生)
请看两个例句:
Iremindedhimofhispromise.我提醒他做过的诺言。
Mywiferemindedmeofseeingthatfilm.我妻子提醒我曾经看过那部电影。
Canyouremindmetophonehertomorrow?你明天能否提醒我给她打电话?
7.Onceyourbusinessbecomesinternational,_____constantlywillbepartofyourlife.
A.youflyB.yourflightC.flightD.flying
陷阱:几个干扰项均有可能误选。
分析:最佳答案为D。由于空格后出现了constantly这一副词,这就说明不能选B或C,因为B、C均为名词,不能受副词constantly的修饰。A和D均是可能的,因为其中有动词fly。但若选A,youfly是一个主谓结构,与其后的谓语willbe相冲突,所以只能选D,即动名词flying在此用作主语。
8.Notonlyshouldyougetused______underdifficultconditionsbutyoualsoyoupaymoreattention______yourworkwell.
A.towork,todoB.toworking,todoingC.towork,todoingD.toworking,todo
陷阱:容易误选A,认为两个空白处均应填不定式。
分析:正确答案为B,因为getusedto与payattentionto这两个结构中的to均为介词,不是不定式符号,故后接动词时要用动名词,不能动词原形。类似地,以下各结构中的to也是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时也应用动名词,而不是动词原形:
lookforwardtodoingsth盼望做某事
beopposedtodoingsth反对做某事
objecttodoingsth反对做某事
sticktodoingsth坚持做某事
getdowntodoingsth开始做某事
taketodoingsth喜欢上做某事
admittodoing承认做了某事
payattentiontodoingsth注意做某事
devoteone’stimetodoingsth把某人的时间用于(奉献于)做某事
beequaltodoingsth等于做某事,能胜任做某事
Whatdoyousaytodoingsth你认为做某事怎么样
9.Bothofmyparentsinsisted_______acomputerforme,butIdon’tthinkitisnecessary.
A.tobuyB.buyingC.onbuyingD.inbuying
陷阱:容易误选B,误认为insist后不能接不定式,但可以接动名词。
分析:答案应选C。其实,动词insist后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词,因为insist通常用作不及物动词;若语义上需接宾语,要借助介词on或upon,即用于insiston[upon](doing)sth;但它有时的确也可用作及物动词,不过其宾语通常只能是that从句,而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。如:
Heinsistedonseeingherhome.他坚持送她回家。
Iinsistedthathe(should)stay.我坚持要他留下。
10.“Doyouhaveanythingmore______,sir?”“No.Youcanhavearestordosomethingelse.”
A.typingB.tobetypedC.typedD.totype
陷阱:容易误选D,根据havesthtodo这一常用结构推出。
分析:最佳答案是B。确实,在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中,用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义,如Ihavesomeclothestowash等,即尽管其中的someclothes与其后的不定式towash具有被动关系,但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。但值得指出的是,这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系,如Ihavesomeclothestowash中的towash就是由该句主语I来完成的。而上面一题的情形有所不同,即其中的totype这一动作不是由句子主语you来完成的,而是由说话者“我”来完成的。比较:
AreyougoingtoShanghai?Doyouhaveanythingtotaketoyourson?你要去上海吗?你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗?
I’mgoingtoShanghainextweek.Ihavealotofthingstotakewithme.下个星期我要去上海,我随身要带很多东西去。
11.Shetookherson,ranoutofthehouse,_____himinthecaranddrovequicklytothenearestdoctor’soffice.
A.putB.toputC.puttingD.havingput
陷阱:容易误选B或C,误认为这考查非谓语动词的用法。
分析:正确答案选A。句中的took,ran,put,drove为四并列的谓语动词,其时态应一致。类似地如(答案选A):
Igotoutofthetaxi,_____thefareanddashedintothestation.
A.paidB.payingC.topayD.havingpaid
但是,下面一题稍有不同:
Hearingthenews,herushedout,______thebook______onthetableanddisappearedintothedistance.
A.left;lainopenB.leaving;lyingopenC.leaving;lieopenedD.left;layopened
此题答案选B,leaving在此表结果,lyingopen与其前的动词leave有关,leave后接现在分词作宾语补足语,表示使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中。
12.Thebossinsistedthateveryminute______madefulluseof______theworkwell.
A.be,todoB.was,doingC.be,doingD.was,todo
陷阱:容易误选B。
分析:其实正确答案是A。分析如下:
(1)第一空填be,是因为insisted后接that从句,从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气,其中的should也可省略。
(2)第二空要填todo,是因为此句谓语为被动语态,假若将此句转换成主动语态,则是…shouldmakefulluseofeveryminutetodotheworkwell,句中涉及makeuseof…todosth(利用……做某事)这一结构。另外,还有makethemostof(尽量利用),makethebestof(尽量利用)等短语也可能用于此类试题。请看以下类似例子:
(1)Theoldprofessortolduseverypartofthematerialsshouldbemadeuseof______thepowerstation.
A.tobuildB.buildingC.buildD.built
此题答案选A,不是B。为便于理解,可先考虑以下结构:
…makeuseofeverypartofthematerialstobuildthepowerstation
由此可见,makeuseof的宾语是everypartofthematerials,其后的不定式tobuildthepowerstation为目的状语。
(2)Doesthewayyouthoughtof_______thewatercleanmakeanysense?
A.makingB.tomakeC.howtomakeD.havingmade
13.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.
A.carriedoutB.carryingoutC.carryoutD.tocarryout
陷阱:几个干扰项均有可能误选。
分析:答案选A。此句结构较复杂,现分析如下:
(1)thattheywouldliketosee_____thenextyear是修饰名词theplan的定语从句。
(2)由于theplan与空格处的carryout有被动关系,故填过去分词carriedout。
请做以下类似试题:
(1)Whodoyouthinkyou’dlike_____withyou,aboyoragirl?
A.tohavegoB.tohavetogoC.tohavegoneD.havingtogo
在确定答案之前,我们先来看看下面这个句子:
IthinkI’dliketohaveaboygowithme.
句中的go要用原形,这是因为其前有表示使役的动词have。在此句中,假若对名词aboy提问,便可得出:
Whodoyouthinkyou’dliketohavegowithyou?
对照上面一题,答案很显然是A。
(2)Whodidtheboss_____hiscarthistime?
A.makewashB.maketowashC.makewashingD.makingtowash
在做此题之前,也请先看看下面这个句子:
ThebossmadeJackwashhiscarthistime.
假若对句中的名词Jack提问,便可得出:
Whodidthebossmakewashhiscarthistime?
由此可知上面题答案为A。
(3)YoucanneverimaginewhatgreatdifficultyIhad______yourhouseallbymyself.
A.foundB.findingC.tofindD.forfinding
此题答案选B。考查的基本结构是havegreatdifficulty(in)doingsth。
14.Howhappyweare!Theholidaywehavebeenlookingforward_______atlast.
A.tohascomeB.tohavecomeC.tohavingcomeD.hascome
陷阱:几个干扰项均有可能误选。
分析:其实正确答案是A。大家知道,短语lookforwardto意为“盼望”,其中的to是介词,而不是不定式符号,所以后接动词要用动名词,许多同学据此便选择了C。但问题是,句中介词to的宾语不是havecome,而是theholiday。正解的句子分析是:theholiday为句子主语,wehavebeenlookingforwardto是修饰主语的定语从句(介词to的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that,被省略),hascome是句子谓语。请做以下类似试题:
(1)Themanyoureferredto_____justnow.
A.comesB.comeC.comingD.came
答案选D,句子主语为theman,youreferredto为修饰theman的定语从句,空白处填came,为句子谓语。
(2)Thetheoryhesticksto______tobeofnouseinourstudies.
A.provesB.proveC.provingD.beproved
答案选A,hesticksto是修饰主语thetheory的定语从句,句子的基本结构为Thetheoryprovestobeofnouseinourstudies.
(3)Theworkhedevotedhistimeto_____worthpraising.
A.wasB.beC.beingD.been
答案选A,hedevotedhistimeto是修饰主语thework的定语从句。句子的基本结构为Theworkwasworthpraising.
(4)Ithinkthisistheveryworkthatwemustfinish____her.
A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped
答案是A。句中空格处填的动词help并不是finish的宾语,正确的句子分析是:thatImustfinish是修饰名词theverywork的定语从句,finish的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that,其后的不定式tohelpher是目的状语。
(5)Whichdoyouenjoy____yourweekend,swimmingorfishing?
A.spendingB.beingspentC.spendD.tospend
答案选D。enjoy的宾语是句首的疑问词which,不是其后的动词spending。此题中的tospend…用作目的状语。
(5)Whattheboyenjoys_____tohavearoomofhisown.
A.beingB.tobeC.isD.are
答案选C,而不选A。whattheboyenjoys是主语从句,空格处填的is为谓语动词。
(6)Nothingthathesuggested_____tobeofanyuse.
A.proveB.provedC.provingD.toprove
答案选B,而不选C。句子主语是nothing,thathesuggested是修饰主语的定语从句,suggested的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that,而不是其后的动词;句子谓语是proved。全句意为“他建议的情况没有一条是有用的。”
(7)Theoldhousewepaidavisit_____atthetopofthehill.
A.standingB.tostandC.tostandingD.tostands
答案选D。wepaidavisitto是修饰theoldhouse的定语从句,句中的stands为主句谓语。
(8)Thelifeheisnowused_____quitedifferentfromours.
A.isB.tobeC.tobeingD.tois
答案选D。句中heisnowusedto是修饰thelife的定语从句,to后的动词is是句子的谓语,句意为“他现在习惯的这种生活与我们的生活很不相同”。
(9)Theworkhepaidspecialattention_____tonothing.
A.cameB.tocomeC.tocomingD.tocame
答案选D。句中的hepaidspecialattentionto是修饰thework的定语从句,to后的动词came是句子的谓语,句意为“他特别关注的那项工作泡汤了”。
(10)Theresultwhathesaidwouldlead_____hisregretinthefuture.
A.isB.tobeC.tobeingD.towas
答案选D。句中whathesaidwouldleadto是修饰theresult的定语从句,to后的动词was是句子的谓语,句意为“他所说的话将导致的结果是他今后的后悔”。
15._______theroadroundtotherightandyou’llfindhishouse.
A.FollowB.FollowingC.TofollowD.Followed
陷阱:容易误选B或C,误认为这是非谓语动词作状语。
分析:正确答案选A。根据句中的连词and可推知它是一个并列句。假若将此题改为下面这样,则答案为B:
_______theroadroundtotheright,you’llfindhishouse.
A.FollowB.FollowingC.TofollowD.Followed
但是,若改成下面一题这样,则答案为C(不定式短语表目的):
_______theroadroundtotheright,theblindmanaskedaboytoguidehim.
A.FollowB.FollowingC.TofollowD.Followed
请做以下试题,答案均选A,都是因为句中的并列连词and(填空句为祈使句):
(1)_______tothetopofthehill,andyoucanseethewholeofthetown.
A.GetB.TogetC.GettingD.Havinggot
(2)______themilkandsetagoodexampletotheotherchildren.
A.DrinkB.TodrinkC.DrinkingD.Havingdrinking
(3)______me,andthentrytocopywhatIdo.
A.WatchB.WatchingC.TowatchD.Havewatching
(4)_____throughthisbookandtellmewhatyouthinkofit.
A.LookB.LookingC.TolookD.Havinglooked
(5)_____itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.
A.LeaveB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Whenleft
有时不用连词连接句子,而用破折号,情况也是一样(答案均选A)。如:
(6)_____downtheradio—thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.
A.TurnB.TurningC.toturnD.Tohaveturned
(7)_____someofthisjuice—perhapsyouwilllikeit.
A.TryB.TryingC.TotryD.Tohavetried
以下各题也应选A,是因为句中的从属连词when,before,until等(填空句为祈使句):
(8)______himenoughtimetogethomebeforeyoutelephone.
A.GiveB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given
(9)______leftwhenyougettotheendofthestreet.
A.KeepB.KeepingC.TokeepD.Kept
(10)______yourhandoveryourmouthwhenyoucough.
A.PutB.PuttingC.ToputD.Tobeputting
(11)______untilthelightshaveturnedtogreen.
A.WaitB.TowaitC.WaitingD.Havingwaited
(12)______thepiecesofclothwithaloosestitchbeforefinallysewingthemtogether.
A.JoinB.TojoinC.JoiningD.Joined
以下各题也应选A,因为填空句为祈使句:
(13)Idon’twanttolistenalongstory—just_____metheresult.
A.tellB.tellingC.totellD.tobetelling
(14)Whystandtherewatching—_____andhelpus!
A.comeB.comingC.tocomeD.tobecoming
(15)Don’twasteyourmoneyonsillythings—______it.
A.saveB.tosaveC.savingD.havingsaved
(16)First______thericebywashingit,then______itinboilingwater.
A.prepare,cookB.preparing,cookingC.preparing,cookD.prepare,cooking
(17)Totesteggs,_____theminabowlofwater:iftheyfloatthey’rebad,iftheysinkthey’regood.
A.putB.puttingC.toputD.tobeputting
但是请注意,类似下面这样的题目情形有所不同,所填部分为目的状语(用不定式,即答案选B):
(18)______Frenchwell,shewenttoFrancetolivewithhiscousins.
A.StudyB.TostudyC.StudyingD.Havingstudied
(19)_____lateinthemorning,Mr.Smithturnedoffthealarm.
A.SleepB.TosleepC.SleepingD.Havingslept
(20)______thefliesout,wehadtoshutallthedoorsandwindows.
A.KeepB.TokeepC.KeepingD.Havingkept
(21)______theirservice,theworkersofthehotelareactiveinlearningEnglish.
A.ImprovingB.ToimproveC.ImproveD.Havingimproved

1.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman______hishandintothepocketofapassenger.
A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting
2.Whenyou’relearningtodrive,_______agoodteachermakesabigdifference.
A.haveB.havingC.andhaveD.andhaving
3.Ifeltitagreathonour______tospeaktoyou.
A.toaskB.askingC.tobeaskedD.havingasked
4.Iwouldlove_______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.
A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone
5.Beforeyoudecidetoleaveyourjob,_______theeffectitwillhaveonyourfamily.
A.considerB.consideringC.toconsiderD.considered
6.Robertissaid_______abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.
A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying
7.ItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_______.
A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit
8.Anyone_______bags,boxes,orwhatever,wasstoppedbythepolice.
A.seencarryB.seencarryingC.sawtocarryD.sawcarrying
9.MrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_______someschoolsforpoorchildren.
A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup
10.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_______.
A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught
11.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_______theflower-linedgarden.
A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin
12.Totesteggs,_______theminabowlofwater:iftheyfloatthey’rebad,iftheysinkthey’regood.
A.putB.puttingC.toputD.tobeputting
13.“WhereisDavid?”“Heisupstairs______readytogoout.”
A.togetB.gettingC.tobegettingD.havinggot
14.“Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?”“________enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.”
A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.tobegetting
15.Hewasreadinghisbook,completely_______totheworld.
A.lostB.losingC.toloseD.tohavelost
16.Welookedeverywhereforthekeys,buttheyarenowhere_______.
A.tofindB.tohavefoundC.tobefoundD.beingfound
17.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_______.
A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotdo
18.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_______inthekitchen.
A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked
19.Findinghercarstolen,_______.
A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchingthoroughly
C.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp
20.“Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?”“Thekey______theproblemistomeetthedemand______bythecustomers.”
A.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made
21.“WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?”“_______hernewbike.”
A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing
22.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_______nothingcanbedonetochangeit.
A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun
23.Though________money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.
A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin
24.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_______totheparty.
A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited
25.ThoughIhaveoftenheardthissong_______.Ihaveneverheardyou_______it.
A.beingsung,sangB.sang,singingC.sung,singD.tobesung,tosing
26.Heisamanoffewwords,andseldomspeaksuntil_______to.
A.spokenB.speakingC.speakD.bespoken
27.WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson_______.
A.tosendB.forsendingitC.tosendittoD.forsendingitto
28._______ontime,thismedicinewillbequiteeffective.
A.TakingB.BeingtakenC.TakenD.Havingtaken
29.Thefilmstarwalkedtohiscar,______acrowdofjournalists.
A.followedbyB.followingbyC.tofollowD.tobefollowedby
30.Afterdescribingtheplannedimprovements,shewenton_______howmuchtheywouldcost.
A.toexplainB.explainingC.tobeexplainingD.havingexplained
31.Pleaseexcuseme_______yourletterbymistake.
A.toopenB.tohaveopenedC.foropeningD.inopening
32.Pleaseremember_______theplantswhileI’maway.
A.wateringB.tobewateringC.towaterD.beingwatering
33.CertainlyIpostedyourletter—Iremember______it.
A.postingB.topostC.tobepostingD.haveposted
34.Stop_______metohurryup.Icanonlygosofast.
A.totellB.tellingC.tohavetoldD.havingtold
35.Remember_______offthelightwhen_______tobed.
A.turning,goingB.toturn,togoC.turning,togoD.toturn,going
36._______time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.
A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given
37._______in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.
A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedFoundedD.Founding
38.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe________.
A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars
39.Thepicture_______onthewallispaintedbymynephew.
A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung
40.Withalotofdifficultproblems________,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.
A.settledB.settingC.tosettleD.beingsettled
41.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.
A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen
42.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_______totheparty.
A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited
43.“Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?”“I’dliketohavethispackage_______.”
A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed
44.Whathavewesaid_______hersohappy?
A.makesB.tomakeC.madeD.hasmade
45.Whatworriedthechildmostwas______tovisithismotherinthehospital.
A.hisnotallowingB.hisnotbeingallowedChisbeingnotallowedD.havingnotbeingallowed
46.“Whichsweaterisyours?”“Theone_______No.9.”
A.thatmarkedB.wasmarkedwithC.whichmarkedD.markedwith
47.Ifthecarwon’tstart,_____it.
A.trypushB.trypushingC.totrypushingD.totrytopush
48.Theystayedupuntilmidnight_____theoldyearoutandthenewyearin.
A.andsawB.toseeC.seeingD.forseeing
答案与解析:
1.选D。catchsbdoingsth意为“碰上某人在做某事”或“逮住某人做某事”。
2.选B。这是一个含when引导时间状语从句的主从复合句,havingagoodteacher在主句中用作主语。
3.选C。句中的it为形式主语,不定式tobeaskedtospeaktoyou为真正主语,因“我”与ask为被动关系,故用被动式。
4.选B。like和love后接不定式或动名词均可,但wouldlove/like后只能接不定式,据此可排除选项C、D。表示过去未曾实现的愿望,其后要接不定式完成式,即选B。
5.选A,before引导的是时间状语从句,填空句为主句,而此主句为一祈使句,故动词用原形。其中itwillhave…为修饰名词theeffect的宾语从句。
6.选A。根据句中的studied可知,他曾到国外留过学,也就是说“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作(issaid)之前,故用完成式,即选A。
7.选C。dowith与what连用可以表示“处置”、“放置”、“利用”等。如:
WhatshallIdowithit?怎样处置它好呢?
Whathaveyoudonewithmyumbrella?你把我的雨伞放到哪里去了?
Idon’tknowwhattodowiththisstrangeobject.我不知道这怪东西有什么用。
8.选B。anyoneseencarryingbags…为anyonewhowasseencarryingbags之略,其中过去分词短语seencarryingbags…用作定语修饰代词anyone。另外,句中的whowasseencarryingbags为seesbdoingsth这一结构的被动式。
9.选B。devote…to…的意思是“把……贡献给……”或“致力于……”,其中to是介词,不是不定式符号,若后接动词要用动名词。句中的hehad为定语从句,用以修饰all,注意不将hadto视为同一个语义结构。
10.选C。leadto意为“导致”,其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,若后接动词要用
动名词。由于逻辑主语thethief与catch为被动关系,故答案选C。
11.选D。lookforwardto意为“期盼”,其中to是介词,后接动词要用动名词。注意不能选B,因为payavisit不能带theflower-linedgarden作宾语,假若在payingavisit后加上介词to,则可选B。
12.选A。句首的totesteggs为目的状语,填空句为祈使句谓语,故要用动词原形。
13.选B。现在分词短语表伴随。
14.选C。togetenoughproteinandnutrition表目的。
15.选A。(be)losttosth为习语,意为“不再受某事物的影响”、“将某事物置之度外”。
16.选C。因keys与find是被动关系。
17.选A。不定式的否定式总是将否定词not置于不定式符号to之前,而不能置于其后,同时结合tellsb(not)todosth这一结构可排除选项C、D。当不定式的动词是前面已出现过的相同的动词时,为避免重复,通常省略该不定式而只保留不定式符号to。
18.选B。find后可接现在分词(表示动作在进行)或过去分词(表被动关系)作宾语补足语,但是不接不定式。另外,由于he与smoke是主动关系,故选B。
19.选D。非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子主语。比较四个选项,findinghercarstolen的逻辑主语显然是she,而不是apoliceman,thearea,it等,故选D。
20.选B。thekeyto…意为“……的关键”,其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,若后接动词要用动名词。另一方面,名词demand与make是被动关系(makedemands提出要求),同时根据句中的bythecustomers,可确定答案选B。
21.选C。答句是针对疑问词what的回答,而问句中的疑问词what在句中用作主语,所以答句也应是一个能用作主语的东西,比较四个选项,只有C合适。其完整回答形式为LosinghernewbikemadeMarysoupset.比较,下面一题要填不定式,因为四个选项中只有Tochooseanewchairman能回答疑问词why:
“Whywasaspecialmeetingcalled?”“______anewchairman.”
A.ChooseB.Choosing
C.TochooseD.Chosen
22.选D。由于theresearch与begin是被动关系,故用过去分词begun。Oncebegun可视为onceitisbegun之省略。
23.选C。由于hisparents与lackmoney(缺钱)是主动关系,故用现在分词,又因为lack是及物动词,故后接宾语无需用介词,故选C。
24.选D。非谓语动词的否定式要将否定词not放在整个非谓语动词之前,据此可排除A、C。另外,由于Tony与invite是被动关系,故选D。
25.C。第一空填sung,因为song与sing是被动关系;第二空填sing,因为you与sing是主动关系。
26.选A。untilspokento可视为untilheisspokento之略。
27.选C,不定式短语tosenditto用作状语,修饰其前的名词theperson。注意句尾的介词to不能省略,因为被修饰的名词theperson为介词to的逻辑宾语。
28.选C。thismedicine与动词take为被动关系,故用过去分词。
29.选A。从句意上看,人群跟在明星后面,反过来,明星便是被人群跟着。
30.选A。goondoingsth=继续做同一事情,goontodosth=做完某事后续继做某事。
31.选C。excusesbfordoingsth意为“原谅某人做了某事”。
32.选C。rememberdoingsth=记住曾经做过的事,remembertodosth=记住要做的事。
33.选A。rememberdoingsth=记住曾经做过的事,remembertodosth=记住要做的事。
34.选B。根据下文的Icanonlygosofast知前文应是叫对方不要老催自己快走。比较:stopdoingsth=停止做某事,stoptodosth=停下正在做的事去干另一事。
35.选D。一是分清以下两个结构:remembertodosth=记住做某事,rememberdoingsth=记住曾做过某事;二是注意whengoingtobed相当于whenyougotobed。
36.选D。由于动词give与其逻辑主语he是动宾关系,故用过去分词,即选D。其中Giventime可视为Ifheisgiventime之略。
37.C。由于Harvard(哈佛大学)与found(建立)是被动关系,且因句中有in1636,故选C。注意不能选B,否则前后两句之间缺少必要的连词。
38.选D,由于remain为不及物动词,所以包含过去分词remained的A和C不宜选(因为两者均含有被动意味);选项B也不宜选,不定式toremain用作修饰20dollars的后置定语,由于彼此之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,故不妥(因为remain不及物)。现在分词remaining的意思是“剩下的“。
39.选B。动词hang表示“悬挂”时,可用作及物或不及物动词,此处填hanging或hung均可,但不能填beinghung,因为它表示动作正在进行,而此处表示的是一种悬挂的状态。
40选C。“with+名词+不定式”的意思是“有……要……”。又如:
Ican’tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash.要洗这些衣服,我无法出去了。
WithsuchgoodcardrestocarryouttheParty’spolicywefeelsafe.有这样的好干部执行党的政策,我们感到放心。
41.选B。remain作“尚需”解,是连系动词,其后要接不定式作表语。由于see与it(形式主语,指whethertheywillenjoyit)是动宾关系,因此用不定式的被动式。
42.选D。否定词not应放在动名词之前,故排除A、C;又因为Tony与invite是被动关系,故选D。
43.选D。“have+名词或代词+过去分词”结构在此表示“请某人做某事”。
44.选B。tomakehersohappy是结果状语。注意词序Whathavewe…,不是Whatwehave…。比较下面一题(答案选D):
Whatwehavesaid________hersohappy.
A.makesB.tomake
C.madeD.hasmade
45.选B。否定词not应放在-ing形式之前,逻辑主语his之后,由此可排除C和D;又因为thechild与allow是被动关系,故选B。
46.选D。markedwith可视为whichismarkedwithNo.9之略。
47.选B。注意句首为if引导的条件状语从句,填空句为祈使句,故第一个动词应是try,不应是totry;另外,trydoingsth的意思是“做某事试试看有何效果”。
48.选B。不定式表目的。

1.—Canyourideahorse?—No,Ineverhadthechance____.
A.forlearningitB.forlearninghowC.howtolearnitD.tolearnhow
2.Paulsaid,“Givemeachair_____.”
A.tositB.sitC.sitonD.tositon
3.Irantoofast______whereIwasgoing.
A.tonoticeB.formetonoticeC.tonoticeformeD.andnotice
4.—Haveyouenjoyedyourvisithere?—Yes,I’llbeverysorry______.
A.forleavingB.ofleavingC.toleaveD.withleaving
5.—I’llhelpyouwheneveryouneedme.—Good.I’dlike_____metomorrow.
A.youhelpingB.thatyouwillhelpC.youtohelpD.thatyouhelp
6.—Ididn’thearyoucomeinlastnight.—That’sgood.Wetried_____noisy.
A.notbeB.nottobeC.tobenotD.tonotbe
7.Becauseofairpollutionbeinggreatlyreduced,thiscityisstill______.
A.agoodplacewhichtobelivedinB.livedasagoodplace
C.agoodplacetoliveinD.livinginasagoodplace
8.—Whywastheofficialmeetingcalled?—______newofficers.
A.SelectB.SelectingC.ToselectD.Forselecting
9.—Wheredidhego?—Hewenttoanotherstore______.
A.tobuypencilsB.forbuyingpencilsC.buypencilsD.buyingpencils
10.—Mybabyhasahearttrouble.—Didthedoctorfinditdifficult______?
A.intreatingB.treatingC.fortreatingD.totreat
11.—Didthejudgeaskyoumanyquestions?—Yes,and______.
A.theyweredifficulttobeansweredB.toanswerthemwastobedifficult
C.theyweredifficulttoanswerD.theyhaddifficultyinanswering
12.Thatbeggarseems_____anythingyesterday.
A.nottohaveeatenB.nottoeatC.didn’teatD.tonothaveeaten
13.Thelostchilddesirednothingbut_____home.
A.goB.togoC.goingD.went
14.Thatboxis____.
A.tooheavyformetocarryB.tooheavyformetocarryit
C.soheavyformetocarryD.veryheavyformetocarry
15.Wouldyoube______todomeafavour,please?
A.sokindasB.tookindC.askindasD.enoughkind
16.TolearntospeakEnglishwell,_____.
A.muchpracticeisneededB.oneneedsmuchpractice
C.muchpracticeisneededbyoneD.oneisneededmuchpractice
17.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident______losehisjob.
A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto
18.LastsummerItookacourseon______.
A.howtomakedressesB.howdressesbemadeC.howtobemadedressesD.howdressestobemade
19.Thehouseisnotlargeenough____.
A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forliving
20.Nobodylikes______.
A.tospeakillofB.tobespokenillofC.speakingillofD.spokenillof
21.Iknowhim______agoodfootballplayerwhileincollege.
A.tohavebeenB.tobeC.wasD.hadbeen
22.Iwassurprised______.
A.watchinghimtoeatsoquicklyB.watchhimeatsoquickly
C.watchinghimeatsoquicklyD.towatchhimeatsoquickly
23.Mr.Whitewasseen______thePalaceMuseum.
A.enterB.toenterC.enteredD.toentering
24.IsawMary____thehouse.
A.openthedoorandgointoB.toopenthedoorandtogointo
C.openthedoorandtogointoD.openthedoorandwentinto
25.Pauldoesnothingbut_____alldaylong.
A.playB.toplayC.playingD.played
26.Nowwecouldnotdoanythingbut______forhimhere.
A.waitedB.waitingC.towaitD.wait
27.Idon’tknowherandIdon’t______.
A.wantB.wanttoC.wantitD.towant
28.—Gotothetheatrewithme,willyou?—Ishouldlike______,butIdon’thavetime.
A.toB.tooC.todoD.togoto
29.Toplayfairisasimportantas______.
A.toplaywellB.playwellC.weplaywellD.playingwell
30.Itisthegreatesthappinessonearth______.
A.lovingandtobelovedB.toloveandbeingloved
C.toloveandtobelovedD.loveandbeloved
31._____isbettertolovethan_____.
A.That,tobelovedB.That,belovedC.It,belovedD.It,tobeloved
32.It’sveryfoolish_____it?
A.foryoutosayB.ofyoutosayC.withyousayingD.inyoursaying
33.It______metwohourstofindyournewhouse.
A.costB.tookC.spentD.used
34.Wedidnotexpectouroffer_____soquickly.
A.rejectedB.torejectC.toberejectedD.rejecting
35.Hetoldher______thereatonce.
A.getB.getsC.shouldgetD.toget
36.Weallthinkitmostfoolish______thismistake.
A.foryoumakingB.ofyoutomakeC.youtomakeD.foryoutomake
37.Ireallydon’tknow____.
A.toswimB.howtoswimC.toswimhowD.howswim
38.—WhatdoyouthinkaboutEnglish?—It’sadifficultlanguage_____
A.speakingB.tobespokenC.tospeakD.spoken

1~5DDACC6~10BCCAD11~15CABAA16~20BBAAB
21~25ADBAA26~30DBAAC31~35DBBCD36~38BBC

1.Aliensaidthathistripwas_______.
A.interestedB.interestC.interestingD.ofinterest
2.Wecan’tunderstand______adecisionuntilitistoolate.
A.himtopostponetomakeB.hispostponingtomake
C.himtopostponemakingD.hispostponingmaking
3.Icouldn’tunderstand______atthepoorchild.
A.youtolaughB.youlaughC.whylaughD.youlaughing
4.It’snouse______withhim.Youmightaswell______withastonewall.
A.arguing,argueB.toargue,arguingC.arguing,arguingD.toargue,argue
5.Itisnogood______today’sworkfortomorrow.
A.toleaveB.leavingC.thatyouleaveD.leave
6.Theoldman’s______pityonthesnakeledtohisowndeath.
A.takeB.takingC.beingtakenD.have
7.It’sverykind______you______sayso.
A.of,toB.for,toC.to,toD.of,/
8.Somepeople’sgreatestpleasureis______.
A.fishingB.tofishC.tobefishD.beingfishing
9.Remember______thebook,whenyouhavefinishedit.
A.puttingbackB.havingputbackC.toputbackD.willputback
10.Youdidn’thearuscomebacklastnight.That’sgood.Wetried______noisy.
A.tonotbeB.nottobeC.beingnotD.notbeing
11.Thoughhefailed,hetried_______itagainandagain.
A.todoB.doingC.doD.done.
12.You’llregret______thosewords.Youmayhurtherfeelings.
A.sayB.tosayC.havingsaidD.tohavesaid
13.Youcankeepthebookuntilyou______.
A.havefinishedreadingB.finishtoread
C.willfinishreadingD.havefinishedtoread
14.Wearelookingforwardto______anotherchance______itagain.
A.begiven,totryB.give,totryC.giving,tryingD.having,totry
15.Mostofthestudentsenjoy_____stamps.
A.collectB.tocollectC.collectingD.collected
16.Excusemefor_____inwithout______.
A.coming,askingB.coming,beingasked
C.tocome,askingD.tocome,beingasked
17.Peoplecouldn’thelp______thefoolishgirl.
A.laughatB.tolaughatC.laughingatD.laughing
18.“Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?”“Oh.excellent,it’sworth_______asecondtime.”
A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread
19.“Iusuallygotherebytrain.”“Whynot______byboatforachange?”
A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing
20.Iwastooexcited______.
A.speakB.tospeakC.nottospeakD.speaking
21.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered______thefirstcomputer.
A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented
22.Itisnouse_____tocomenow.Heisbusy.
A.askhimB.toaskhimC.thatyouaskhimD.askinghim
23.Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands_______behindhisback.
A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied
24.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter____afterdrinking.
A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdriviD.neverdrive.
25.Thecomputercentre,______lastyearisverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.
A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened.
26.Doyouknowtheboy_______underthebigtree?
A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying
27.Mostoftheartists______totheparty‘werefromSouthAfrica.
A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited
28.Englishisalanguage______inmanycountries.
A.spokenB.speakingC.bespokenD.tospeak
29.“Canyouread?”Marysaidtothenotice.
A.angrily,pointingB.andpointangrily
C.angrily,pointedD.andangrilypointing
30.Therewasaterriblenoise_______thesuddenburstofTight.
A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed
31.____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven
32._____theirstudents,thefamousteachercameintothehall.
A.FollowedB.Followedby
C.BeingfollowedD.Havingbeenfollowed
33.Yourflatneeds_____.Wouldyoulikemeitforyou?
A.toclean,todoB.cleaning,doing
C.cleaning,todoD.tobecleaned,doing
34.Doesyournewsecretary____shorthand?
A.knowtotakeB.knowhowtotakeC.knowhowtakeD.knowhowtaking
35.Tommyhadhisbigbrother_____hisshoesforhim.
A.totieB.tieC.tiedD.tying
36.Wouldyouplease______writeonthetextbooks?
A.don’tB.nottoC.notD.tonot
37.I’d______theoperationunlessitisabsolutelynecessary.
A.rathernothaveB.rathernottohaveC.notratherhadD.rathernothaving
38.YourmotherandIarelookingforward________you.
A.ofseeingB.forseeingC.toseeD.toseeing
39.Thegirlcouldn’t_____howredhisfacewas.
A.helptonoticeB.behelpingtonoticeC.behelpingnoticingD.helpnoticing
40.Excuseme,butitistimetohaveyourtemperature______.
A.takingB.totakeC.takeD.taken
答案
1~5CDDAB6~10BAACB11~15BCADC16~20BCCDB21~25CDDAD26~30DAAAB31~35ABCBB36~40CADDD

1.Thereisnoquestionof_____abletofinishithimself.
A.TomwasB.Tom’sbeingC.Tom’sbeD.Tomis
2.Thenewshoppingcenter_____nowwillbeputintousebytheendofthisyear.
A.builtB.bebuiltC.beingbuiltD.tobebuilt
3.“Haveyouhadsupper?”“Notyet.Themeal_____.”
A.arebeingcookedB.isbeingcookedC.iscookedD.arecooked
4.“I’mglad______youhereinthehotel.”“It’smygreatpleasuretohaveyou______us.”
A.meeting,toB.tohavemet,withC.havingmet,amongD.tomeet,of
5.I’mafraidIcan’tmakemyself_____inEnglish.
A.understandingB.understandC.tobeunderstoodD.understood
6.Althoughinahurry,Wilson______.
A.couldn’tstopwalkingB.couldn’thelpthestranger
C.stoppedtohelpthestrangerD.didn’tanswerthestranger
7.Janetiseasy_____.
A.forgettingalongwithB.bygettingalongwithC.togetalongwithD.gotalongwith
8.Don’tforget______thelightwhenyouleave.
A.turnoffB.toturnoffC.turningoffD.turnedoff
9.Themotherisveryglad;herbabyisbeginning______.
A.understandingwhatshemeansB.tounderstandthatshemeant
C.tounderstandwhatshemeansD.noticingwhatshemeans,
10.Ithinkthisstoryis_____.
A.worthbeingreadB.worthreadingC.worthtoreadD.worthofreading
11.Thisscientistisaman______praise.
A.worthtoB.worthytobeC.worthyofD.worth
12.Idon’twant______anymoretrouble,yousee?
A.therebeingB.ittobeC.itbeingD.theretobe
13.Whenshereturnedhome,shefoundthewindowopenandsomething______.
A.stealingB.missedC.stolenD.tosteal
14.Strictly_____,itisn’tworththepriceyouareasking.
A.tospeakB.speakingC.speakD.spoken
15.Time______,they’llcomeheretowatchus______football.
A.permitted,playingB.permitted,toplayC.permitting,playD.permitting,toplay
16.Themanwasseen_____intothecourtyard.
A.stealingB.stolenC.bestealingD.hadstolen
17.Bobshouldlove_____tothepartytomorrowevening.
A.takingB.tobetakenC.totakeD.beingtaken
18.Tomhadnochoicebut____theclassroomwithhisclassmates.
A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleans
19.Mr.Brownsaidthathiscarneeded
A.toberepairedB.beingrepairedC.berepairingD.torepair
20.Theoldmandidn’tknowwhethertosellthecaror____.
A.beingkeptforlateruseB.keptforlateruse
C.tokeepitforlateruseD.tobekeptitforlateruse
21.Thenoiseofthedesks_____couldbeheardinthenextclassroom.
A.beingopenedandclosedB.openedandclosed
C.havingbeenopenedandclosedD.tobeopenedandclosed
22.Iremember_____someone____theumbrellaaway.
A.tosee,takeB.havingseen,totakeC.tosee,totakeD.havingseen,take
23.Shewasnoticed______theshop.
A.toenterB.enterC.havingenteredD.entered
24.Icouldn’thelp_____whenIheardthejoke.
A.beinglaughedB.laughingC.tobelaughingD.tolaugh
25._____,sheburstintotears.
A.DeeplymovedB.Deeplymoving
C.AsshedeeplymovedD.Asshewasdeeplymoving
26.Theproblemrequires______.
A.studyingwithgreatcareB.tostudycarefully
C.tobestudiedwithoutcarelessnessD.takinggreatcareofstudyingit
27._____carelessly,theboymademistakeshereandthere..
A.beingwrittenB.WroteC.WriteD.Writing
28.Hewouldrather______hisparentswiththeirhouseworkthan_____outtoplaygames.
A.tohelp,togoB.help,goC.help,togoD.tohelp,go
29.Theboyhadhisleg_____while____football.
A.broken,playingB.break,playC.broken,playedD.broke,wasplaying
30.Havingfinishedthework,_____.
A.itwasalmostsixo’clockB.apostmancameanddeliveredtheeveningpaperandsomeletters
C.supperhadbeenalreadypreparedD.wehadarestandthenhadsupper
31.Heisill.Hehaskept_____.
A.coughingallalongB.tocoughatnightC.coughsinceyesterdayD.beingcougheddayandnight
32.Itisnouse____without_____.
A.totalk,doingB.taking,beingdoneC.talking,doingD.beingtalked,beingtodo
33.“Iusuallygotherebyboat.”“Whynot_____bytrainforachange?”
A.trygoingB.totrygoingC.tryingtogoD.totryandgo
34._____,shefeltquiteshyattheparty.
A.AssheastrangerB.BeingastrangerC.AccordingtoastrangerD.Shelikeastranger
35.Everymorninghegetsupearlyandpractises______andthen_____toschool.
A.toreadEnglish,goB.readingEnglish,going
C.readingEnglish,goesD.ofreadingEnglish,goes
36.While_____footballontinplayground,Ifound‘mykeys______.
A.playing,lostB.play,losingC.played,beinglostD.havingplayed,lost
37.____thesamemistakesagainmadehisparentsveryangry.
A.HishavingmadeB.HehasmadeC.HehadmakingD.Himmaking
38.Dickmadeit______toallhisfriends.
A.toknowB.knownC.knowD.knowing
39.Annaspendsonehouraday_____spokenEnglish.
A.practiseB.topractiseC.onpractisingD.inpractising
40.Noonewassurprisedat_____theexamination.
A.hepassingB.hispassC.himpassD.hispassing
41.Althoughswimmingishisfavouritesport,yethedoesn’tlike_____today.
A.toswimB.swimmingC.swimD.tohaveswim
42.Shesatatthedeskandsetabout_____alettertoherfriend.
A.towriteB.writingC.writeD.written
43.Thissoupiscold;itneeds_____.
A.toheatB.tobeheatedC.beinghotD.heated
44.Iwent______aballoonbutIdidn’tseeanyone_____balloons.
A.tobuy,tosellB.tobuy,sellingC.buying,sellingD.buying,tosell
45.Annaisoftenheard_____songsinherroom
A.sungB.singingC.singD.tosing
46.Themoreyoupractise______English,thebetteryour_____Englishwillbe.
A.tospeak,speakingB.speaking,spokenC.spoken,spokenD.spoken,speaking
答案
1~5BCBBD6~10CCBCB11~15CDCBC16~20ABAAC21~25ADABA26~30ADBAD
31~35ACABC36~40AABDD41~46ABBBDB

高考英语二轮复习《名词与冠词》讲学案押题


一位优秀的教师不打无准备之仗,会提前做好准备,教师要准备好教案,这是每个教师都不可缺少的。教案可以保证学生们在上课时能够更好的听课,帮助教师提高自己的教学质量。我们要如何写好一份值得称赞的教案呢?下面是由小编为大家整理的“高考英语二轮复习《名词与冠词》讲学案押题”,供大家参考,希望能帮助到有需要的朋友。

一、单词填空
1.Dontwaitforan________(apologize).“Manytimesthepersonwhohurtyoumayneverthinkofapologizing,”saysDr.Luskin.
apology 
句意:不要等待道歉。拉斯科说:“多次伤害你的人也许从来就不会考虑道歉。”不定冠词an后须用名词形式,根据apologize可知答案填apology。
2.ikemanypopularrestaurantsinParis,________(reserve)arehardtogetatDave,soIwasntsurprisedtofindacompletesignhangingoverthereddoor.
reservations 
句意:就像巴黎许多受欢迎的餐馆一样,在Dave也很难预订,因此当我看见红色的门上挂着客人已满的招牌时并不惊讶。根据括号中的提示词及后面的谓语动词are可知,主语为名词复数形式,故填reservations。
3.Hepushedandpulledwithallhis________(strong)tomoveit.
strength 
句意:他用力地推拉将它(石头)移走。分析句子结构可知,with后面接名词,故填strength。
4.Heasked________(permit)tointroducehisfriend,whosenamewasMrWickham,andwhohadapparentlyarrivedrecentlyfromLondon.
permission 
5.Expertshopethewholesocietypaymoreattentiontothementalhealthof________(adolescent).
adolescents 
句意:专家们希望全社会都来关心青少年的心理健康。根据句意可知,此处泛指“青少年”,用复数表示泛指,故填adolescents。
6.Girlsareluckierthanboys;theyhavemoreflexible________(choose)thanboys.
choices 
句意:女孩比男孩要幸运些,她们比男孩有更灵活的选择。前面flexible是形容词,后面须接名词;choice此处应为可数名词,意味着多种选择,故填choices。
7.Ihaveastrong________(believe)thatonedayChinesestudentscanbuythesetickets,too.
belief 
句意:我坚信有朝一日中国学生也会购买这些票。空白处前面有astrong修饰,说明空白处须填可数名词单数。
8.SoIaskedherwhyshesattherein________(silent).
silence 
句意:因此我问她为什么坐在那里沉默不语。insilence“沉默”,是固定用法。
9.About20percentof________(baby)feelnervouswhentheyseestrangers.
babies 
句意:约百分之二十的婴儿见到陌生人会感到紧张。baby是可数名词,前面有百分数修饰,故用复数形式。
10.TherewasneveratimewhenIhadnotcalledhimandhedidnotcallmerightbackwithinacoupleof________(hour).
hours 
句意:当我给他打电话,如果他没接的话,他都会在几小时内回电话。可数名词hour前有acoupleof修饰,故用复数形式。
11.Inthecentreofthemainroadintothetown,heplaced______verylargestone.
a 
句意:他在进城的主干道中间放了一块很大的石头。在此stone作可数名词,意为“一块石头”,前面需要用不定冠词a。
12....whentheyheardthesoundofhorses,andsawDarcyandBingleyridingdownthestreet.______twogentlemencamestraighttowardstheladiestogreetthem.
The 
13.Theymayhavewantedtohurtyouortheyjustdontseethings______sameway.
the 
句意:他们可能想过要伤害你,或者他们并没有用同样的方式看待事情。当名词前面有形容词same修饰时,same前面必须加定冠词the。
14.Onthethirdday,IreceivedamessagefromMikeswifethatshesaidMikehadbeenkilledin______unexplainedtruckcrashonthemorningofmycall.
an 
句意:第三天,我收到了来自迈克妻子的短信,她说在我打电话的那天早上迈克在一次不明原因的卡车撞击事故中死亡。此处泛指“一次不明原因的车祸”,故用不定冠词;unexplained以元音音素开头,故填an。
15.Covering______areaof16,800squarekilometerswithapopulationofabout11million,Beijinghas18districtsandcountiesunderitsjurisdiction(管辖).
an 
句意:占地16800平方千米,拥有约1100万人口的北京市,管辖着18个区和县。anareaof...“面积是……”,是固定短语。
16.Whatifyourfirstchoiceiswrong?Ifso,justgiveyourself______secondchance.
a 
17.SoGodturneditinto______dog.
a 
句意:所以上帝把它变成了一条狗。此处泛指“一条狗”,所以填不定冠词。
18.AgovernmentstudyhasfoundthatSouthKoreanchildrenare______leasthappycomparedtochildrenin29otherdevelopedcountries.
the 
句意:政府研究发现,与其他29个发达国家的儿童相比韩国儿童是最不快乐的。形容词最高级前用定冠词。
19.Iam______reporterfromtheNewYorkTimes.
a 
句意:我是来自《纽约时报》的一名记者。泛指“一名记者”,表示身份,用不定冠词。
20.IconsidermyselfveryluckybecauseIwas______onlyoneofmyfriendswhohadtheirdadsaround.
the 
句意:我认为自己很幸运,因为我是朋友当中唯一一个爸爸在身边的。only前一般用定冠词,表示“唯一的”。
二、语法填空
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
AmancametotheUSAfromanothercountry.After
1.(settle)downatanisland,hewentintoacafeteriatogetsomething2.(eat).Hesatdownatanemptytableandwaitedforsomeonetotakehisorder,butnobodydid.
3.(final),awomanwithatrayfulloffoodsatdownoppositehimandinformedhim4.thecafeteriaworked.
“Startoutatthatend,”shesaid.“Justgoalongthelineandpickoutwhatyouwant.At5.otherendtheylltellyouhowmuchyouhavetopay.”
“Isoon6.(learn)howeverythingworkedintheUSA,”themantoldhisfriend.“Lifesacafeteriathere.Youcangetanythingyouwantaslongasyouarewillingtopaytheprice.Youcanevengetsuccess,7.youllnevergetitifyouwaitforsomeonetobringitforyou.Youhavetogetupandgetit8..”
Youcantchangetheinevitable.Theonlythingyoucando
9.(be)tocontrolyourattitude.Onceyoureachthatpointinlife,happinessand10.(satisfy)cantbetoofaraway.
1.解析:settling。根据前面的介词after,可知这里要用动名词形式。
2.解析:toeat。这里用不定式作定语。
3.解析:Finally。此空放在句首,修饰整个句子,因此要用该词的副词形式。注意首字母要大写。
4.解析:how。一位妇女带着一个装满食物的盘子坐在他对面,告诉他自助餐厅是怎样运作的。
5.解析:the。attheotherend为固定搭配,意为“在另一端”。
6.解析:learned/learnt。整篇文章是叙述过去的事情,故此处用一般过去时。
7.解析:but。句意:你甚至可以获得成功,但如果你等别人把它拿给你,你永远都不会得到它。
8.解析:yourself。根据句意可知你不得不自己去做,所以这里用反身代词yourself。
9.解析:is。此处是主系表结构。
10.解析:satisfaction。and连接两个并列成分,根据happiness可知此处用名词形式。

高考英语二轮专题复习7非谓语动词


非谓语动词

1.不定式的时态和语态;
2.不定式的功能:不定式的形容词性功能、不定式的副词性功能、不定式的名词性功能;
3.不定式的省略;
4.不定式的否定形式;
5.不定式的搭配形式;
6.独立主格结构;
7.v-ing分词名词性功能;
8.v-ing分词形容词性功能;
9.v-ing分词副词性功能;
10.过去分词与现在分词一般式的区别;
11.过去分词与现在分词主动完成式的区别;
12.过去分词与现在分词一般被动式的区别;

I.概述
1.基本形式的变化:
不定式:
时态主动态被动态
一般式todotobedone
进行式tobedoing
完成式tohavebuilttohavebeenbuilt
Johnsaidthathehadruninordertocatchthebus.(一般式的主动态)
Hehatedtobemisunderstoodbyothers.(一般式的被动态)
Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.(进行式)
Heintendedtohavetoldyouthat.(完成式主动态)
Thisworkofartseemedtohavebeencreatedseveralcenturiesago.(完成式的被动态)
v-ing形式:
时态主动态被动态
一般式doingbeingdone
完成式havingdonehavingbeendone
注意:不及物动词没有被动式
动名词
Iamsureofhiscomingintime.(一般式主动态)(=Iamsurethathewillcomeintime)
Heisproudofbeingselectedasmonitor.(一般式被动态)(=Heisproudthatheisselectedasmonitor.)
I’mconfidentofhishavingpassedtheexam.(完成式主动态)
(=Iamconfidentthathehavepassedtheexam.)
Hecomplainedofhavingbeencheatedbyothers.(完成式被动态)
现在分词
Hesatinachair,readinganovel.(一般式主动态)
Beingexhaustedbywork,hefellasleepquickly.(一般式被动态)
Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentplaying.(完成式主动态)
Allthishavingbeensettled,hewenthome.(完成式被动态)
2.所做成分
项目/成分主语表语宾语宾补定语状语
动词的ing形式现在分词△△△△
动名词△△△△
不定式△△△△△△
过去分词△△△△
注:现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。
II.基本知识
1.动词不定式在句中充当的成分
①作主语。
Toseeonceisbetterthantohearahundredtimes.
Tomakemoneyisnottheonlypurposeofourlife.赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的
在很多情况下,常用it来充当动词不定式的形式主语。
ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishverywell.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。
②作动词的宾语,常用在以下动词后:
help,hope,ask,refuse,decide,promise,wish,pretend,expect,arrange,learn,plan,demand,dare,
manage,agree,prepare,fail,determine,offer,choose,desire,elect,long,(happen,seem)
Hemanagedtopasstheexam.他成功地通过了考试。
Hepromisedtobehereatnine.他答应9点钟到这儿。
Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere.我没有料到在这儿见到你。
在某些复合宾语中,用it做形式宾语,而把不定式放到后面去。
Heconsidereditbettertoleavenow.他认为最好现在就离开。
Ifounditimpossibletofinishtheworkontime.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。
③作定语(常置于名词之后)。
由only,last,next序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语;不定式还可用作名词
代词的的宾语(ability,anything,attempt,chance,curiosity,desire,decision,determination,effort,failure,
intention,need,nothing,opportunity,place,plan,promise,reason,right,something)
Sheisalwaysthefirststudenttoarriveatschool.
Heisalwaysthelastonetoleavetheoffice.他总是最后一个离开办公室。
Idon’tthinkheisthebestmantodothejob.我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。
Ihavenodesiretotravel.
You’llfindsomethingtointerestyouhere.
注:动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词,而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系,这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。
Ihaven’tdecidedwhichhoteltostayat.
Ifoundnoonetoplaywith.
④作状语
Iwalkedslowlyontheiceinordernottofalldown.(不至于跌倒)(表目的)
Theyliftedarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.(表结果)
Hetriedonlytofail.(结果没有成功)
Shewashappytohearthenews.(表原因)
不定式常用于修饰下列形容词:
able,afraid,angry,anxious,apt,careful,careless,certain,clever,considerate,delighted,difficult,eager,easy,fit,
frightened,happy,interesting,likely,lucky,quick,ready,reluctant,right,sorry,surprised,sure,thoughtful,
thoughtless,unable,unwilling,wrongetc.
Frenchisdifficulttolearn.法语难学。
I’msorrytointerruptyou,butIhaveto.
⑤作独立副词成分。
Tospeakfrankly,Idon’tlikeyourattitude.
⑥与疑问词连用。疑问代词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how等后加动词不定式,构成不定式短语,可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.什么时候出发还没有定。
Theproblemishowtogetthereontime.问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。
注意:
①在有些动词后常用疑问词+动词不定式的结构。这类动词有:know,ask,tell,show,wonder,consider,
understand,learn,instruct,guess,see,explain,discover,imagine,think,hear等。
Hedidn’tknowwhattodonext.
Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertogotoJapan.我没有决定是否到日本去。
②不定式的复合结构
由for+名词或代词+动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。
ItisnecessaryforyoutofinishtheworkbeforeFriday.你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工作。
Hisideaisforustotravelindifferentcars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。
由of引出的不定式复合结构,经常与以下形容词连用:brave,careless,,clever,courageous,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,rash,right,rude,stupid,silly,thoughtful,thoughtless,wrong,wise等。
It’skindofyoutosayso.
It’sbraveofyoutogointotheburningbuildingtosavethebaby!
你真勇敢,冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿
③不带to的动词不定式
▲在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式,如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,smell,
hear,watch等。
Theteacheroftenmakesmerewritethecomposition.老师常常让我把作文重写。
将该句转换成被动语态:Iamoftenmadebytheteachertorewritethecomposition.
Iheardhersaythatshewasfedup.
▲在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式:hadbetter,wouldrather,cannotbut,cannothelpbut,
donothingbut等。
I’dbettergonow,orI’llmissthetrain.
Theycannotbutaccepthisadvice.我只好接受他的建议。
▲在except,but之前有动词do作实义动词,则except,but后一般接不带to的动词不定式,反之则接
带to的动词不定式。
Wehavenochoicebuttowait.我们除了等待别无选择(我们只好等待)。
Thereisnochoicebuttogothere.
Thereisnothingtodobutto(to可省略)readabook.
▲在why,whynot结构中,紧接其后的动词不定式不带to
Whyarguewithhim?
Whynotsendthosebooksback?为什么不把那些书送回去?
2.动名词在句中充当的成分
①作主语
Askingforhelpissometimesnecessary.请求帮助有时是必要的。
Eatingtoomuchisnotgoodforyourhealth.吃得太多对你的健康不利。
Teachingofferssomethingbesidesmoneyandpower.
②作补语、表语
Seeingisbelieving.
Wecallsuchanactcheating.我们称这样的行为为作弊/欺骗行为。
③作以下及物动词及词组的的宾语
建议冒险去献身:advise,suggest,risk,devoteoneselfto
忍受期待不停顿:bear/stand(忍受),lookforwardto,stop
放弃延期悔失去:giveup,delay,putoff,regret,miss
坚持欣赏(想)要(实)践(完)成:keep(on)/insiston/stickto,enjoy/appreciate,feellike,practice,finish
注意原谅避反对:payattentionto,excuse,escape,avoid,objectto
考虑要求不自禁:consider,require,cannothelp
允许习惯不介意:forbid;permit,be/getusedto/beaccustomedto,mind
值得开始想动名:beworth,setabout,imagine
Themotherdidagreetolettheboyriskswimmingacrosstheriver.冒险游过河
Hiswifedoesntallowsmokinginsidetheroombutallowshimtosmokeoutsidetheroom.
他的妻子不允许在室内抽烟,但是允许他在室外抽。
Alloftheminsistedonmystayingwiththemafewdayslonger.
他们所有的人都坚持要我再跟他们多呆几天时间。
Imlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.
Beingillforafewdays,shedoesntfeellikeeatinganything.不想吃任何东西
另在want,need,require等动词后,常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思(主语与动名词之间存在逻
辑上的动宾关系)。
Myhairneedscutting.(=Myhairneedstobecut.)
⑤作定语
它与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,通常只表示用途或与所修饰的名词有关的动作。
Thefactorybuiltaswimmingpoollastyear.游泳池
Ourteacherusesaverygoodteachingmethod.教学方法
⑥作同位语
Hishobby,makingmodelairplanes,isveryinteresting.
注意:
①动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格+动名词构成。如果不是在句子开头,这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格+动名词构成,在句中可作主语、宾语等。例如:
Doyoumindmyclosingthedoor?Doyoumindmeclosingthedoor?
Myclosingthedoormadehimangry.
Ican’tstandLaoChang’stalkinglikethataboutothercomrades.
②动名词的某些固定结构
▲Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,abore...)等名词+doingsth.
Itisnousecrying.哭没有用。
Itisnogoodobjecting.反对也没有用。
Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain.设法解释是浪费时间。
▲Itis+useless+doingsth.
Itisuselessspeaking.光说没用。
▲Thereisno+v-ing“…是不可能的”。
Thereisnoknowinghowoldsheis.(=Itisimpossibletoknowhowoldsheis.)
Thereisnotellingwhereshe’sgone.(=Itisimpossible/difficulttoknowwhereshe’sgone.)
▲makeapointof+doing“认为…是必要的”
OurfamilymakeapointofgoingtochurcheverySunday.(=Ourfamilymakeitaruletogotochurchevery
Sunday.)
▲beonthepointof+doing“濒临,将要…”
Hewasonthepointofleaving.
▲on(upon)+doing“一…就…”
Onhearingthenews,Ichangedmyplans.(=AssoonasIheardthenews,Ichangedmyplans.)
▲go+doing(大部分指运动和游戏)
Hewentshopping/hiking/swimming/fishingetc.
▲动名词短语常用在以下结构中
havedifficulty(in)+doingsth
havetrouble(in)+doingsth
havefun(in)+doingsth/
haveagoodtime(in)+doingsth/haveahardtime(in)+doingsth
▲feellike+名词“想要”=wouldliketo+原形动词
Doyoufeellikegoingtoamovie?你想看电影吗?
Idontfeellikereadingtonight.今晚我不想读书。
3.分词在句中充当的成分
①作定语。作定语的分词如果是单个分词,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。在用作定语时,分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。
Theboringsnowmadetheboredboysgohome.(=Thesnowwasboring,sotheboysweeboredandwent
home.)
Chinaisadevelopingsocialistcountry.发展中的社会主义国家
Themanwritingtheobituary(讣告)ismyfriend.
(=Themanwhoiswritingtheobituaryismyfriend.)
Thebrokenglassscatteredontheground.破杯
注:现在分词与过去分词都可作定语,但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情,有主动意义;而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情,有被动意义。
②作表语、宾语补足语。能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see,hear,keep,find,notice,watch,think,want,smell,observe等。
Thestoryisboring.
Ifoundhimreadinganovel.在读小说(现在分词作宾语补足语)
Ifoundhimsurroundedbyagroupofchildren.一群孩子包围着(过去分词作宾语补足语)
③作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间,原因,条件,结果,伴随情况。
Havingreadalltherequiredpapers,heansweredthequestionsfluently.(时间)
Beingshortofmoney,Idecidedtoapplyforthework.(原因)
Seriouslyinjured,Allenwasrushedtothehospital.(原因)
Ifgoingtherebyplane,we’llhavetopaytwiceasmuch.(条件)
Unlessaskedtoanswerquestions,thepupilswerenotsupposedtotalkinMrsSmith’sclass.(条件)
Thefarmerusedanewinsecticide,thusraisingtheaverageyieldby15%.(结果)
Hesatinarockingchair,watchingTV.(伴随)
注意:分词的特殊结构
①独立主格
有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致,这时分词须带上自身的主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构。这
种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。
Thatbeingthecase,we’dbettermakesomechangesintheplan.
Weatherpermitting,wewillgoout.==ifweatherpermits
Theteacherhavingfinishedthelesson,thestudentslefttheclassroom.
②“with或without+名词或代词+分词”的复合结构
常用作补充说明或表示伴随情况。例如:Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.
③某些固定结构
generally/franklyspeaking…,judgingfrom/by…中,分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。
Judgingbyhisdress,hecomesfromawealthyfamily.从他的衣着判断
Franklyspeaking,Idontlikehimatall.坦率地说
④catch+宾语+doing
Icaughtthemstealingmyapples.我抓住他们偷我的苹果。
Ifshecatchesmereadingherdiary,shellbefurious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记,她会愤怒的
注:有些现在分词可以作介词用:如concerning,considering,regarding,respecting等。
Consideringhisage,heistall.考虑了他的年龄
Ihavenothingtosayconcerninghisspeech.关于他的演讲
III.非谓语动词比较
1.做主语和宾语时的比较
一般来说,不定式和动名词成份相同时,表示客观性、一般性行为多用动名词表示,而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。
Lookingafterchildrenisherjob.照看小孩
Tocleantheclassroomishisjobtoday.打扫教室
Ilikeswimming,butIdontliketoswimtodaybecauseIdontfeelwell.
注意下列重点内容:
①begin和start本身为进行时,或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时,须接不定式
Whenwecamein,theywerebeginningtohavesupper.
Afterhisexplanation,Ibegantounderstandit/realizethatIwaswrong.
②有些词后面既可以接不定式.亦可接动名词,但其意义有很大区别,须特别注意
A.remember,forget,regret接动名词,表示完成意义(=havingdone),接不定式,表示将来意义
PleaseremembertobringmethebookIwantnexttime.
Irememberseeingher(=havingseenher)somewherebefore.
Dontforgettowritetomesoon.
Ineverforgetvisiting(=havingvisited)themforthefirsttime.
Iregretmissingthatgoodfilmlastweek.(后悔)
Iregretnottaking(nothavingtaken)youradvice.
IregrettosayIcanttakeyouradvice.(遗憾=besorry)
B.mean:meantodo=wanttodo打算,想要……
meandoing:意味着,就是
IamsorryIdidntmeantohurtyourfeelings,
Imeanttocallonyou,butIwassobusy.
Learningaforeignlanguagedoesntmeanjustworkinginclass.
C.stop:stoptodo停下来,要干另一件事(不定式作目的状语)
stopdoing停止做(动名词作宾语)
Aftersometime,theystoppedwalkingandhadarest.
Afterwalkingsometime,theystoppedtohavearest.
D.try:trytodo,努力,试图干……
trydoing:试着干……
Hesearchedeverywhereandtriedtofindhiskey.
Hecametothecityfromthecountrysideandtriedtofindajob.
Themotherisoutandtheboyhadtotrycookingforhimself.
Theytriedtosucceedandtrieddoingtheirexperimentsagainandagain.
E.want,need,require接动名词表示被动意义,接不定式就要i用被动式,这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系。
Theseyoungtreesrequirelookingafter(=tobelookedafter).
Thematterneedsthinkingover(=tobethoughtover).
F.goon:goontodo继续干和原来不同的另一件事(不定式作目的状语)
goondoing继续干原来同一件事(动名词作宾语)
Afterasmoke,hewentontellingusthatinterestingstory.
Afterwritingthecompositionhewentontoworkouthismathsproblems.
G.动词advise,allow,permit,forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词,接复合宾语时用动词不定式。
Doctorsadvisegivingupsmokingtobenefitoneshealth.(放弃)
Thedoctoradvisedhimtogiveupsmokingsoastoimprovehishealth.(放弃)
Shedoesntallow(permit)smokinginherroom.(允许)
H.beconsideredtohavedone被认为已经做了……
consider…tobe认为是……
considerdoing考虑做某事
I.be(get)usedtodoing习惯于……
beusedtodo被用来做……
J.can’thelpdoing情不自禁做……
can’thelptodo不能帮助做……
2.做宾补时的比较
不定式可以表示一次性、具体性行为,以及将来意义的行为。现在分词可以表示当时正在发生的进行意义的行为,亦可表示-个持续时间的延续性的行为动作。过去分词可以表示完成意义的行为或状态,及物动词的过去分词亦有被动意义,不及物动词的过去分词仍是主动意义。
WhenIcamein,Isawherdancinghappily.
IoftenhearhersingsongsinEnglishinherroom.
Theyhadthelightsburningallnightlong.
IsawLiPingpassbyandenterthenextroomjustnow.
Themotherwillhavethedoctorexaminehersonagain.
TomorrowIllhavemyhaircut.
WhenIgothomeIfoundthewindowbrokenandthethiefgoneawayalready.
Whentheyreturnedtotheirhometown,afteranabsenceoftwentyyears,theyfoundeverythingchanged.
3.做表语时的比较
不定式和动名词做表语解释主语内容,且可以和主语颠倒,意思仍然通顺,回答what的问题。它们有时存在经常性和一次性行为的区别,分词做表语表明主语的性质、特征和状态,不能和主语颠倒,可以回答how的问题。
Herjobiscleaningoffices.(Whatisherjob?)(=Cleaningofficesisherjob.)
Ourjobtodayistocleantheoffice.(=Tocleantheofficeisourjobtoday.)
Thenewsisveryexciting.(Howisthenews?)
Theyareverytiredafteralongwalk.
Thedoorislockednow.
Thechildrenarewelldressedthesedays.
4.做定语时的比较
不定式做定语与先行词有动宾、主谓和解释先行词内容等关系。在时态上常是将来意义,现在分词做定语是现在时或进行时态意义;过去分词做定语则是完成时态意义。此外,不定式做定语时只能后置,不可前置,而单个分词做定语可前置,分词短语做定语则须后置。动名词做定语,须前置,且要重读,它表明先行词的用途。而分词做定语表明先行词的性质、特征和状态。
aswimmingboy=aboywhoisswimmingaswimmingpool=apoolforswimming
theboilingwater=thewaterthatisboilingdrinkingwater=waterfordrinking
TodayIhavealettertowrite.Pleasefindamantohelpus.
ItisagoodchancetopracticeyourspokenEnglish.练习你的口语
IlikereadingbookswrittenbyLuXun.
ThewomanstandingoverthereisourEnglishteacher.站在那边的
Thehousetobebuilt(=whichwillbebuilt/whichistobebuilt)nextyearwillbeournewlibrary.
Thehousebeingbuilt(=whichisbeingbuilt)nowwillbeournewlibrary.
Thehousebuilt(=whichwasbuilt)lastyearisournewlibrarynow.
5.做状语时的比较
不定式和分词做状语各有不同分工。动词不定式多做目的、结果和原因状语,且多放在句末;分词
可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式状语,多置于句首,做伴随状语,多放在后面。分词用于godoing结构中作目的状语。
①目的状语:通常有不定式表示,由于不定式的客观性和将来性特征。不定式前还可加上inorder,soas来加强说话的口气。但soasto通常不用于句首。
TheSmithshavegonetoLondontospendtheirholidays.
Icamehere(inorder/soas)tohearthereport.
Inorderto(不用soasto)seebetter,wetookfrontseats.
②时间状语:分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首,表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生,有时现在分词前可以加上时间连词。如果分词动作发生在谓语动词之前,用现在分词的完成体形式。过去分词作时间状语与谓语动词构成同时性和被动意义。分词前有时加上时间连词。
Arriving(=Whenhearrived)atthebusstop,hefoundhissisterthere.
Waiting(=WhenIwaswaiting)toseethedoctor,Imetwithafriendofmine.
Having(=Whenwehave)madefullpreparations,wearereadyforanexamination.
Having(=Whenhehad)finishedhishomework,hewenttobed.
Afterfinishinghishomework,hewenttobed.
Seen(=Whenthetownisseen)fromthehill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.
Locked(=Whenhewaslooked)upintheroom,hefoundhimselfisolatedfromtheouterworld.
Whenaskedtomakeaspeech,hesaidhewasgladtodoso.当请他作演讲时
Oncerecovered,hewillgoallouttodohiswork.一旦康复
③原因状语:不定式作原因状语往往用于形容词之后,这些形容词通常是happy,sorry,fortunate,angry,glad,ashamed,discouraged,delighted,frightened,shocked等。分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句。一般位于句首。
Iamsorrytohearthatyouarenotwell.
Imverysorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.让你久等了
Wearegreatlydelightedtohaveanativeasourguide.
Being(=Sincehewas)illalllastyear,helivedinasanatorium.
Therebeingnoenoughmoney,hecouldntbuythedictionarythathewanted.由于没有钱
Having(=Sincetheyhad)beenaskedtostay,theycouldntpossiblyleaverightaway.
Moved(=Ashewasmoved)bytheheroicdeedsofthePLAman,heburstintotears.
④条件状语:通常用分词来表示,相当于条件状语从句。一般位于句首。
Turning(=Ifyouturn)totheleft,youwillseethepostoffice.
United(=Ifweareunited),westand;divided(=ifwearedivided),wefall.
Given(=Ifhehadbeengiven)moretime,hewouldbeabletodobetter.
⑤结果状语从句:不定式作结果状语通常用于so+形容词或副词+asto,such+名词+asto,too…to,enoughto和onlyto等结构。现在分词作结果状语表示谓语动词的结果。
Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.
Iworkedlateintothenight,onlytofindIhadnotfinishedhalfofthejob.
Hewassofriendlyastobealwayshelpfultohisneighbors.
Hisissuchasadstoryastoarouseoutsympathy.
Iranfasterthanever,reachingtheschoolyardquiteoutofbreath.
Themandiedyoung,leavingnothingbutdebt.
⑥让步状语:通常由过去分词来表示,而且前面通常有表示让步意义的though。
Thoughwounded,thesoldiermanagedtogettothevillagesafely.
Thoughwarnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.
⑦伴随或方式状语:分词作伴随状语通常位于句尾,表示谓语动词正在所处主动或被动的状态。
Chinesebusinessmen,taxidriversandstudentstalkwiththemusingEnglish.
Shecamerunningtowardsus.
Theywalkedalongthestreets,talkingandlaughing.
Hewentintothehouse,followedbysomechildren.
Hecontinuedtowalkupanddown,lostinthought.
IV.关于therebe的非谓语形式
therebe非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语
1.作动词宾语时,通常用theretobe结构,而不用therebeing。能这样用的及物动词为:expect,like,mean,intend,want,prefer,hate等,如:
Wedontwanttheretobeanycomradeslaggingbehind.我们不希望有任何同志掉队。
Theyhatetheretobelongqueueseverywhere..他们不愿意处处都要排长队。
Wehavenoobjectiontotherebeingameetinghere.我们并不反对在这里开会。
2.作状语多用therebeing结构,但若置于介词for之后要用theretobe
Therebeingnobodyelseathand,Ihadtodobymyself.由于附近没有人,我只得独自干了。(原因状语)
It’stooearlyfortheretobeanybodyup.太早了,还不会有人起床。(作程度状语)
Therehavingbeennorainforalongtime,thegroundwasverydry.
因为好长时间没下雨了,地面非常干燥。(原因状语)
3.作主语时两种结构都可以,但如是用for引导则要用theretobe.
Itisnotuncommonfortheretobeproblemsofcommunicationbetweenoldandyoung.
老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。
Therebeingakindergartenoncampusisagreatconveniencetofemaleteachers.
校园内有幼儿园对女教师十分方便。


1.—Whydon’tyoulikeTom?
—Ithinkheisaman_________.
A.tobeworkedwithB.workingwithC.toworkwithD.beingworkedwith
2.Hesaidthathe_________whathecould________us,buthewastoobusythen.
A.woulddo,helpB.couldhavedone,tohelpC.wouldhavedone,helpingD.coulddo,helped
3.Wouldyoupleasetellmethewaythoughtof_________thegarden.
A.takecareofB.totakecareofC.takingcareofD.howtotakecareof
4.—Youlookrathertiredtoday.
—______nottomissthe4:20flight,Ididn’tdaretoclosemyeyes.
A.RemindingB.Reminded
C.BeingremindedD.Havingreminded
5.___________,themonumentcouldberestoredtoitsformerglory.
A.IfrepairedwellB.IfrepairingwellC.TorepairwellD.Repairingwell
6.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid_______tothenotice.
A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrily
C.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing
7.OnAugust12,TyphoonMorakotsweptacrossTaiwanisland,_________alotofvillages
___________.
A.left;damagedB.leaving;damagingC.leaving;damagedD.left;damaging
8.Thefood,____________good,wassoonsoldoutwhenitwastakentothemarket.
A.tastedB.beingtastedC.tastingD.havingtasted
9.Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork_______,werefusedhisoffer.
A.notfinishingB.hadnotbeenfinished
C.nothavingfinishedD.notfinished
10.Withtoomanyconstructionprojects_________allthestrengthoutoftheeconomy,peopleofthesmallcountrycomplainedalot.
A.suckingB.tosuckC.beingsuckedD.beingsucking
11.TimBemers-Leeisgenerallyconsidered_________theWorldWideWeb,onwhichalltheinformationissharedbyall.
A.tohavefoundedB.havingfoundedC.foundingD.tofound
12.Onthebankoftheriver,wefoundhim______onabeach,withhiseyes_______onakiteinthesky.
A.seated;fixingB.sitting;fixingC.seated;beingfixedD.sitting;fixed
13.Tigers_____meat-eatinganimals_____meats.
A.belongedto;feedonB.belongingto;feedon
C.werebelongedto;arefedonD.belongingto;arefedon
14.______fortheseriousaccident,thepresentofShanxiProvincehadtoresign.
A.ToblameB.BlamingC.BeingtoblameD.Tobeblamed
15.Withsomebooksheneeded_________,hewentintothebookstorequickly.
A.tobuyB.boughtC.tobeboughtD.buying
16.AftertheShenzhouVIcapsule(太空舱)toucheddown,twoastronautssucceededintravelingaroundthe
earth,thusagain__________Chinaisaglobalspacepower.
A.provingB.toproveC.tohaveprovedD.beingproved
17.Therewasanicelittlegiftforeveryone,withasuitablepoem_______toit.
A.attachedB.tobeattachingC.toattachD.attaching
18.____byhisparentsforlong,Johnfeelssadintheheartthoughheappears_______bothered
aboutit.
A.Beingignored;nottobeB.Tobeignored;tohavenotbeen
C.Ignored;nottobeD.Ignoring;notbeing
19.Weare_______totalkloudlyinthedormitorywhenothersaretakinganoon-break.
A.supposedB.supposingC.notsupposedD.notsupposing
20.Thelatestsurvey,_________by,foundmorethan12percentofteenagerswanttoworkaspilots.
A.tobecarriedoutB.beingcarriedoutC.carriedoutD.havingbeencarriedout
21.TheconstructionofaneconomiczonetothewestcoastoftheTaiwanStraits,_____atpresent,willsurelystimulate(刺激)thedecliningeconomyonbothsidesoftheStraits.
A.tobediscussedB.beingdiscussedC.discussedD.discussing
22.Theyoungmansatbackinhissofa,______withwhathehadworkedouttodowiththeremainingwork.
A.havingsatisfiedB.beingsatisfiedC.TobesatisfiedD.satisfied
23.Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,completely_____totheoutsideworld.
A.havingbeenlostB.tobelostC.losingD.lost
24.—Thepolicehavecaughtthemurderer.
—Yes,butherefusedtoadmit________hiswifeonarainynightsevenyearsago.
A.tokillB.tohavekilledC.havingkilledD.havebeenkilling
25.________totrainhisdaughterinEnglish,heputanadlikethisinthepaper,“_________,anEnglishteacherforaten-year-oldgirl.”
A.Determined;wantedB.Determined;wantingC.Determine;wantedD.Determining;wanting
26.—Lucydoesn’tseemtobewhatshewas.
—No._________somuchinthewarhasmadehermorethoughtful.
A.SeenB.HerseeingC.HavingseenD.Tohaveseen
27.twiceayear,whetheritisacarorabusoratruck,istherulethateverydrivermustobeyinthiscity.
A.ExaminingB.ExaminedC.BeingexaminedD.Havingbeenexamined
28.Wehopethebuildingproject_________willbecompletedassoonaspossiblebecausealotofcitizensarecomplainingaboutthenoises.
A.tobecarriedoutB.carriedoutC.beingcarriedoutD.carryingout
29.Anewteachnique_________theyieldsasawholeincreasedbyabout30percent.
A.hadappliedB.havingappliedC.tohaveappliedD.havingbeenapplied
30.Thelonglastingwar,______withbloodanddeaths,endedinpeople’ssadness,_______noresult.
A.filling;reachedB.filled;toreachC.filling;wouldreachD.filled;reaching
31.Thetwooldsisters,_______solong,heldeachotherandburstintotears.
A.beingseparatedB.havingbeenseparatedC.havingseparatedD.hadbeenseparated
32.Somepeopleagainsttollbooths(收费站)arguethatroads,once___________,shouldbefree.
A.buildingB.builtC.havingbuiltD.beingbuilt
33.Somethingextraordinaryhappenedinthathospital.Aman,________clinicallydead,suddenlycametolife.
A.declaringB.beingdeclaredC.declaredD.havingdeclared
34._________yourreceipttothecustomerservicedepartmentandtheywillpaythemoneybacktoyou.
A.HavingbroughtB.BringC.BringingD.Tobring
35.____itwithmeshouldbeagoodchoice.Trustme.
A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave
36.Ireallycantunderstand_________herlikethat.
A.youtreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatD.youtreating
37._____whathecando.Hemightgetajobtomorrow.Hemightstayoutofworkforweeks.
A.Wedidn’tknowB.Hedoesn’tknowC.ThereisnoknowingD.Itwasknownthat
38.Therearealotofstudentsinthereadingroom,mostof_________withtheireyes_________onandtheirheads
bentovertheirbooks.
A.whom;fixingB.them;fixedC.whom;fixedD.them;fixing
39.TheboyIconsidered______cheatedinthelastexam.
A.tobehonestB.thatishonestC.washonestD.beinghonest
40.Thoughatyphoonisontheway,peoplearestilllookingforward_________theoutdoorconcertbythepop
singer.
A.tocancelingB.nottocancelingC.nottocancelD.tonotcanceling
1-5CBBBA6-10ACCDA11-15ADBCA16-20AACCC
21-25BDDCA26-30BCCDD31-35BBCBB36-40DCBAD