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发表时间:2021-12-05

高三英语教案:《动词和动词词组复习》教学设计。

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本文题目:高三英语复习教案:动词和动词词组复习

【备考策略】

动词和动词短语是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词之一,在历年高考题中所占比例也最大,设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中。要求考生构建以下比较完整的知识网络。

I.动词的分类

根据意义和句法作用,英语动词可分为四类:

1.行为动词(实义动词)

①及物动词:带宾语的动词

②不及物动词:不带宾语的动词

注意:英语里及物动词和不及物动词不是截然分开的,有的动词既可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词。

It is important for you to learn how to learn.

第一个learn是及物动词,后面有宾语how to learn;第二个learn是不及物动词。

不及物动词向及物动词转化需要借助于介词、副词等构成短语动词。

He is working hard at English.

③状态动词(相对静止):contain, exist, own, prefer, belong

④动作动词:延续性(work, stay);非延续性(marry, go, come)

2.系动词

①表示人或事物的特征和状态:be, feel, look, seem, taste, appear, sound

②表示状态的变化:turn, go, become, get, fall, grow

③表示某种状态的延续或持续:remain, keep, stay

注意:绝大多数连系动词又是实义动词,在解题时要正确区分,否则就会出错。

请看下列这道选择题:

good,the food has been sold out.

A.Tasted B.Having been Tasted C.Tasting D.To taste

本题考生如果把taste当成实义动词去理解的话,就会误选A或B。其实taste在本句中是连系动

词,应该选C才对=Because the food tastes good,…

3.助动词(与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语):be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall

4.情态动词:can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)等等

II.短语动词常见的构成方式及其注意点

1.动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类

Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。(及物)

Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.

晚会后,人们都已离去,哈里出现了。(不及物)

注意:①如果宾语较长,就应避免把副词同动词分开

She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。

②如果宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间。

She gave them away.她送掉了它们。

③同一动词和不同副词搭配时,意义上有很大的差异。

ring back回电话, ring off挂断电话, ring up打电话

put away放好, put on穿,上演, put up挂起,举起。

④不同动词和同一副词搭配时,在意义上有很大的差异。

break out发生,爆炸 carry out进行,开展 go out熄灭 break down出毛病hand out分发 let out放出 look out当心 sell out卖完

set out出发 take out取出 work out算出 come down落下来

get down下车 take down取下 write down写下

2.动词+介词(及物)

I'm looking for my glasses.我在找我的眼镜。

注意:①当它跟宾语时,不能把介词放在宾语后面。

②同一动词和不同介词搭配时,意义上有很大的差异。

look after照料,look at看,look for寻找

3.动词+副词+介词

I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。

注意:“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”,这三种搭配都是及物的,如变成被动语态,不可漏掉介词。

In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after)

这样一来,粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。

III.动词及短语动词词义辨析

动词及短语动词是各类考试的重点,高考试题中,单项填空、完形填空等题型中,动词及短语动词辨义的比重较大,并逐年增加。动词及短语动词辨义主要指:

1.形似动词及短语动词之间的辨析;

2.意似动词及短语动词之间的辨析;

3.动词及短语动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词和短语之间的辨析;

4.意义不同,但容易混淆的动词及短语动词的辨析。

5.某些常用动词及短语动词习惯用法的辨析。

动词及短语动词词义辨析要靠考生的日积月累,考生才能在高考中应付自如。

IV.动词和短语动词的常见辨析方法

(一)从语法搭配、习惯用法上进行辨析

1.宾语不同,意义也不同

go on doing(继续干同一件事) go on to do(接着去干另一件事)

regret doing(后悔干了某事) regret to do(相当于be sorry to do)

forget doing (忘记已做过的事) forget to do(忘记要去干的事)

remember doing(记得已做过的事) remember to do(记住要去干的事)

mean doing(意味着干) mean to do(想干…)

try doing(尝试做) try to do(设法做)

consider doing(考虑去做) consider to be/have done(认为是/认为已经做了)

2.接宾语或宾补(主补),形式有不同

某些动词如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词,但接宾补(主

补)时,宾补(主补)要用不定式。

We forbid smoking here.(宾语,用动名词)

We forbid you to smoke here.(宾补,用动词不定式)

You are forbidden to smoke here.(主补,用动词不定式)

3.宾语形式不同,意义相同

有些词如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式(要用被动形式),可接动名词(要用主动形式表

被动意义),两种形式意义相同。

The room requires to be cleaned.=The room requires cleaning

4.主动形式表示“被动”意义的动词

有些动词sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull, clean,add,cook等,它们的主语是事物,且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态,与行为方式状语连用时,要用主动形式表被动意义:

My pen writes smoothly.我的笔好写。

Oil burns easily.油易燃烧。

5.意义上基本相同,但是在用法上﹑习惯搭配上有不同之处的词

buy/cost/pay/spend/take都可以指花钱买东西;spend/take都可指花时间;但是它们在用法、习惯搭配上

有较大的区别。

The watch cost him thirty-six thousand francs.

He spent thirty-six thousand francs on the watch/ (in) buying the watch.

It took him thirty six thousand francs to buy the watch.

He paid thirty-six thousand francs for the watch.

He bought the watch for thirty-six thousand francs.

以上句子所表达的意思基本相同:他花了36,000法郎买了这只手表。

(二)从组成形式和它们的恰切含义上辨析

词汇间的微小差别对我们来说既是重点又是难点。要从词义的内涵和外延上进行辨析。

1.以构成形式为突破口进行辨析

如有无介词for,意义不同:answer(回答)/answer for(对……负责、偿还)

常见的还有:

search(对人、物或场所搜查)/search for(搜寻人、物或场所)

leave(离开某地)/leave for(去某地) reach(到达;拿到)/reach for(伸手去拿)

prepare(准备)/prepare for(为…作准备) enter(进入)/enter for(报名参加)

run(经营;跑)/run for(竞选) stand(站;忍受)/stand for(代表)

pay(付钱、债给某人)/pay for(付钱买某物)

2.以意义为突破口进行辨析

①意义内涵不同型:几个词它们的内在含义不尽相同。

defend, protect, guard 都与 “保护”有关。

defend 指采用办法消除存在的危险或击退正在进行的攻击。

protect 指使用某种遮盖或外力,外物防御可能的伤害或毁坏。

guard 指小心警惕,防止实际存在的或可能发生的危险。

They raised a large army to defend the country.

他们招募了一支庞大的军队来保卫这个国家的安全。

The entrance to the palace were well guarded.

进宫殿的入口处门卫把守得很严。

Clothing is worn to protect us from cold.

穿衣服是为了御寒。

②动作结果不同型:动作动词和结果动词: 英语中有些动词虽然意义相同,但用法不同,有的表示某个动作,而另一个则表示该动作所产生的结果。

advise(劝说)/persuade(劝服)

I advised him but I couldn’t persuade him. 我劝过他,但未能劝服他。

这类常见的动词还有:

look for(寻找)/find(找到)

look(看)/see(看见)

listen(听)/hear(听到)

try(试 图,不说明是否成功)/manage(设法,侧重做到)

③动作状态不同型:begin(开映:动作非延续性)/be on(开映:状态延续性)

The film began at 5 o’clock and has been on for half an hour. 电影5点开映,已开映半小时了。

④客观主观不同型:receive(客观上:收到)/accept(主观上:受到)

I received her present but I didn’t accept it.我收到了她的礼物,但没有接受。

⑤直接间接不同型:hear(直接:听)/hear of(间接:听说)

I heard him singing. 我听到她在唱歌。

I have heard of him.我听说过他的有关情况。

V.重点所要背诵的短语动词

根据笔者对2006-2009四年全国及各省市高考单项选择题中考查所涉及到的短语动词的统计(见文后的附录),我们建议考生2010复习迎接高考中重点所要背诵的短语动词如下(仅供参考):

1.以a开头的动词为中心的词组

accuse…of…(=charge… with)控告/指控某人犯有……罪

add to 增添

add up 加起来

add up to 加起来达……,合计达……

adapt…to使……适应

adjust…to使……适应

agree with同意某人意见(接sb.或idea, view等);适应;与……一致

agree to (one’s plan/ proposal) 同意某人的计划或提议

answer for对……负责

apply for申请,请求

appeal for恳求,呼吁

attach…to…将……系在…..,使隶属/附属于……,将……缚在……

approve of赞成

apologize to sb for sth因……向某人道歉

be absorbed in埋头于……,专心于……

be accustomed to(=get used to=be used to)习惯于……

be addicted to沉迷于/沉溺于……,迷恋……

be admitted to/into获准进入……,被……录取

be annoyed with sb. at/about sth

2.以break为中心的词组

break away from脱离,逃离,打破

break down vt.破坏,粉碎,瓦解;vi.出故障,抛锚;衰弱

break in闯进,打断;使顺服

break into闯入;强行进入;突然开始

break out爆发,发生;准备使用;起锚

break off 打断,断绝,折断,突然终止

break through 突破,克服,挤过去

break up vt.开垦,破碎;解散,分解;vi.结束

3.以build为中心的词组

build on / upon 建立在…上,依赖,指望

build up 增加,增进,建成,振兴

4.以burst为中心的词组

burst forth 爆发,喷出,忽然出现

burst in 闯进,突然出现

burst into闯进,突然……起来,突然发出

burst into tears/laughter嚎啕大哭/放声大笑

burst out 迸发,爆发,突然发出,大声叫喊

burst out crying / laughing嚎啕大哭/放声大笑

5.以 bring为中心的词组

bring about导致,引起,促使

bring back 带回,使回忆,使恢复

bring down 使下降,浓缩,收缩,击落

bring forth开(花),结(果),发表,提出

bring forward 提出

bring into action 使行动起来,使生效

bring into effect/practice 完成,实现,实施,

bring out 拿出,公布,发表,出版,生产

bring through 治愈,使度过困难/危险时期

bring to mind 使想起,回忆起

bring up 抚养,养育,培养,使停止

6.以call为中心的词组

call at 访问(某地),停泊在

call away 叫走,把(注意力)转移开

call for 需要,要求,接(某人),

call in 召集,收集,请入,引入

call off 取消,下令停止

call on 拜访(某人),号召

call out 大声喊,唤起

call up 打电话给…; 召集; 使想起

7.以carry为中心的词组

carry about 随身携带

carry away 冲走,带走,冲昏某人头脑

carry back 拿回,运回,使想起

carry……into effect/practice 执行,实行,实现,完成

carry off 带走,夺去……的生命,获得(奖品)

carry on 坚持,继续,进行

carry out 贯彻,执行,实施,完成

carry through 坚持到底,贯彻,完成

8.以catch为中心的词组

be caught doing被发现做某事

be caught in the rain淋雨

catch /take fire 着火

be caught in the traffic遭遇交通阻塞

catch one’sword听懂某人的话

catch sight of发现,瞥见

catch sb’s attention引起某人注意

catch the point of 抓住…的要点

9.以clear为中心的词组

clear away 扫除,消除

clear off 清除,清理,(云雾)消散,(雨)停

clear out 清除,扫出

clear up(天)变晴;打扫,消除

10..以come为中心的词组

come aboutvi.发生,改变方向

come across偶尔发现,想起;越过;偿付

come at达到,求得,得到;扑向,袭击

come back回来;恢复,复原

come down倒下;降落;跌落;病倒

come into being发生,产生,出现,形成

come into power开始执政,当权,当选Jab88.cOm

come into effect/ force开始生效,开始实行

come into existence形成,产生,开始存在

come into fashion开始流行

come into operation开始运转,实施,生效

come into use开始使用,获得应用

come round/around 拜访,绕道

come to苏醒,复原,共计,达到,归结于,渐渐,说到/提及到

come to an agreement 达成协议

come to a conclusion 得出结论

come to a decision 作出决定

come to an end终止,结束

come to a stop 结束,停止,停顿,

come to an understanding 取得谅解

when it comes to…就…而论,谈到

come to know/realize/understand开始了解到/意识到/明白

come to life 苏醒,栩栩如生

come to light 明朗化,出现,显露出来

come to oneself苏醒

come true实现,成为现实;证实

come up走近;上楼;流行起来;发芽,上来;(问题)被提出;(风浪)猛烈起来

11.以compare为中心的词组

be compared to 被比作,与…相比

be compared with与…相比

beyond /without compare 无可比拟的,无法比较的

compare notes with和…交换意见/核对笔记

compare …to…把..比作,把…与…相比

compare …with…把…与…相比

12.以devote为中心的词组

be devoted to 贡献给,致力于

devote one’s attention to 专心于

devote oneself/one’s life to 献身于,致力于

devote to献身于,专心于

13.以divide为中心的词组

be divided by…被…除

be divided on…对于…有分歧

divide sth. among / between…在…之间分配

divide A from B 把A同B分开

divide…into… 把…分成

divide up 分割,瓜分,划分,分配

14.以die为中心的词组

die away渐熄(减弱,消失) 侧重于减弱直至“消失”(尤其指声音,光,风)

die down渐渐消失,平息(尤其指火势,大海,脾气)

die of 死于(疾病、饥饿、寒冷、情感等内因)

die from 死于(灾害、事故等外因)

die off死去

die out 灭绝,消失,熄灭

15.以do为中心的词组

do a good deed做一件好事

do the deed 付诸行动,生效

do away with去掉,废除;弄死;浪费

do /cause damage to 损害

do good to (=do sb. good)有益于

do harm to (=do sb. harm)有害于

do wrong to (=do sb. wrong)冤枉某人

do one’s best / utmost尽某人最大努力

do sb. a favor /do a favor for sb. 帮助某人

do up 捆,扎,系,扣,收拾,刷新

do with忍受,处理(对比:deal with)

do without不需要…也行,不用

16.以 drive为中心的词组

drive away vi.开车走掉 vt.赶走,驱赶

drive off 驱散

drive out 逐出,乘车出去

drive through 乘车穿过(街道等)

drive sb.mad 使某人发疯

17.以fall为中心的词组

fall ill /asleep /silent 生病/睡着/沉默

fall back撤退,后退

fall behind 落后,落伍,落在后面

fall down 倒下,落下,掉下,病倒,失败

fall in love with…爱上(某人)

fall into a habit of 养成…习惯

fall off 掉下,衰退,减少

fall to pieces 破碎,崩溃,瓦解

fall into ruins 成为废墟

18.以fix为中心的词组

fix a date / time for…为……安排日期/时间

fix up 修理,安装,安排,建造,提供

fix on / upon 确定,决定

fix one’s eyes on/upon 注视,凝视

fix one’s attention on/upon专心于,把注意力集中在

19.以get为中心的词组

get about徘徊,走动,旅行;流传

get accustomed to习惯于,对……习以为常

get across度过,通过,横过;说服,使被理解

get ahead of胜过,超过

get along前进,进步;同意;离去,相处

get along with与……相处

get around 走动,传播,影响,说服

get away离开,逃脱,出发,开始度假

get back取回,回来;报复

get close to 接近,靠近

get down to认真对待,静下心来

get/catch/seize/take hold of获得,取得,抓住

get in touch with…与…取得联系

get into/out of debt 欠债/不欠债

get off送走;脱下(衣服);下车;动身

get over越过;恢复,痊愈;克服;完成

get rid of除去,去掉;免除,摆脱

get through拨通,到达,完成,通过;及格

get together 积聚,积累;商谈,取得一致意见

20.以give为中心的词组

give away赠送;牺牲;泄露;颁发

give back归还,反射

give forth发出,放出;发表

give in屈服,让步,投降

give off发出(烟,气味)

give out vt.分发,公布,发出,使筋疲力尽 vi.用完

give rise to引起,导致;使~~发生

give up放弃;停止

give way to让步,退却;屈服于

given that…假定,给定,已知

21.以go为中心的词组

go about走来走去,(谣言等)流传

go across 度过,越过

go after 追逐,追求,跟随

go against 反对,不利于

go ahead 前进,进展,继续

go all about 鼓足干劲,全力以赴

go along with… 陪伴,和…一道走

go back to 追溯至

go bad 变坏,腐败

go beyond 超过,胜过

go by 经过,过去

go down 下降,沉没,垮台,(风等)平静

go for 支持,赞成,适用于,去(取,拿)

go in for 喜欢,参加,赞成,从事, 为…而努力

go into 进入,参加,调查,从事,深入研究

go off 走开,爆炸

go on 继续,接下去

go on to do 接着做(另一件事)

go on doing 继续做(同一件事)

go on with…继续做,忍受

go out 出去,熄灭,离开,下台,退休

go over 温习,检查,越过

go through 审查,履行,通过,经历,忍受

go up 上升,上涨,攀登

go without 无需,没有…也行

go wrong 出故障,走错路

22.以hold为中心的词组

hold back 隐瞒,阻止,克制,扣留

hold to / by 坚持,固守

hold down 压制,压低,缩减

hold off 耽搁,不接近,离开

hold out 伸出,提出,支持,主张

hold up 举起,竖起,支持,使停滞

hold with 和…意见一致,赞成

23.以keep为中心的词组

keep away (from) 不接近,避开,远离

keep back 阻止,扣留,隐瞒

keep company with…和…结交

keep …from…阻止

keep in mind 记住

keep in touch with…与…保持联系/不断接触

keep off 不接近,远离

keep on doing 继续,不停地做

keep one’s balance 保持平衡

keep out 使…不入内

keep pace with…跟上,同…步调一致

keep up 继续,坚持,保持,维持

keep up with…赶上,跟上 ,与…并肩前进

keep watch 守望,值班,注意

24.以lay为中心的词组

lay aside 把..放在一边,抛弃,贮藏

lay down 放下,使躺下,放弃,牺牲

lay off (暂时)解雇,放弃,停止

lay out 花费,投资,不置,打昏

25.以leave为中心的词组

leave about乱放,乱丢

leave alone 听任,任其自然

leave…as it is.听其自然

leave behind 留下,忘记携带

leave for (离开某地)去某地

leave out 省去,遗漏,不把…计算在内

leave off 停止,脱去,戒除

leave office 离职,下台

leave over 留下,剩下,延期

leave room for 为…让出地方

leave school 毕业

leave sth, to / with sb把…交给/留给某人.

leave sb, sth. 把…交给/留给某人

leave word / a message 留言,留信

26.以look为中心的词组

look about四下环顾;查看

look after照顾,看管

look around东张西望

look back on / upon …回顾

look down on /upon俯视;轻视

look forward to盼望,期待

look into窥视;调查;浏览

look on /upon旁观;面向

look on / upon …as…把…看作

look out向外看;注意;当心,提防

look over从上面看过去;检查,忽略

look through透过……看去;看穿;浏览,彻底调查

look to 面向,注意

look up 查阅,仰视,涨价

look up to仰望,尊敬

27.以make为中心的词组

be made from由……原料制成

be made (out) of由……材料制成

be made up of由……组成

make an appointment with sb.与…约定

make a difference 有差别,有关系,很重要

make a fool of愚弄,欺骗

make a point 阐述观点

make a point of doing强调;决心,坚持

make a will 立下遗嘱

make advantages/use of使用,利用

make believe假装

make certain / sure确信,把……弄清楚

make contact with 接通,与……接触,与……联系

make for去向,向……前进;有利于

make oneself at home随便,别拘束

make oneself understood 让别人理解自己

make out填写;开支票;理解;辨认

make preparations for为…作准备

make the best/ most of尽量利用;极为重视

make up弥补,修理,赔偿,起草,编造,化装,配制,占…比例

make up to 接近,巴结;向……求爱

make way for 为……让路,让路于

make it 就这么定了,成功,达到某一特定目标, 赶到。

28.以meet为中心的词组

meet the need/demand/requirement of满足…需要

meet with 偶然碰见,遭受,

meet…by chance/accident偶然碰见

make ends meet 使收支相抵

29.以owe为中心的词组

owe … to…把…归功于,把…归因于,

owe much to 多亏了,在很大程度上归功于

owe it to…that…归功于,幸亏

owe sb. sth. (=owe sth. to sb.)欠某人…

30.以pass为中心的词组

pass away 去世,(时间)过去

pass by 经过,(时间)过去

pass on/upon 传递,通过

pass out of one’s mind 被人忘掉

pass over 忽视,置之不理

pass through 经历,经过,贯穿

31.以pick为中心的词组

pick one’s words精选用词

pick out 挑出,辨别出

pick up 接(某人),接收,获得,搭载,收拾,恢复,爬起,捡起,学会,认识

pick up with…结识,与…交朋友

32.以put为中心的词组

put aside 把……放在一边;搁置;排除

put away 把……放好,把……收拾;储藏;

put back 把……放回原处;拨回

put down 放下;镇压;记下;削减;降落

put an end to 结束,终止,废除

put forward 提出;拨快;建议,推荐;提倡,

put in 驶入,进入

put…(down) in writing 把…写下来

put …… into把……放入;插入;翻译成

put…into use应用

put…into practice把…付诸于实践

put…into action把…付诸于实践,实施,使生效

put…into effect把..付诸于实践,实施,使生效

put…into operation 将…投入生产,实施,开动

put…into production将…投产,开始生产

put off 推迟,延期;消除;推脱,脱下

put on上演,穿上,戴上,增加,拨快(钟表),推荐

put one’s heart into 全神贯注,专心致志

put out 熄灭,伸出,拿出,制造,刺杀

put through 完成,(电话用语)拨通,使穿过

put up 举起,挂起;提名,推荐;陈列

put up with 忍受,容忍

33.以refer 为中心的词组

refer to 指,提及,参考,查阅

be referred to 和…有关,归功于,被提交…处理

refer oneself to…依赖,求助于

refer to…as…把…称做,认为…是…

34.以see为中心的词组

see after 照料,照顾

see into 识透,调查

see out 送某人到门口/屋外,

see off送行

see through 看透,识破,支持(某人)到底

see to 照顾,处理,注意

see to it that…照料,努力使,注意把

seeing that…因为,鉴于,既然

35.以send为中心的词组

send away 解雇,赶走,把…送往远处

send down 把…向下发送,开除,降低(价格,温度)

send for 派人去叫/请/拿

send off 发出,寄出,解雇,送别

send out 发出,散发,长出(树叶等)

send up 发射,使上升,向上传递

send word 通知,转告,捎信

36以set为中心的词组

be set in 以……为背景

set about(doing)着手,开始

set an example to sb.给某人树立个榜样

set aside 取消,放在一边,放弃,忽视,拒绝

set back 把(钟表)往回拨

set down 放下,卸下,登记,记载

set fire to (= set…on fire) 放火烧毁

set free 释放(某人)

set off vi.出发 vt.使爆炸,拨出(钱等)

set out vi.出发 vt.开始,着手(to do),布置

set up 建立,设立,开办,引起(疾病等)

37.以take为中心的词组

take a chance / an opportunity碰运气,抓机会

take a seat就坐

take a shower淋浴,洗澡

take advantage of 利用,乘…之便

take after 仿效,与…相似,长得像

take aim瞄准,设立目标

take away拿走,减去;夺去

take back收回,取消

take ……by surprise出奇制胜,突袭

take sb.by surprise 使惊讶

take care to do 务必做,留心做

take ……for/as…把……当作

take charge of负责,主管

take down 取下,记下,占领,拆毁,病倒

take effect 生效,起作用

take … for example 以…为例

take … for granted 认为…理所当然

take in 吸收,接纳,欺骗,轻信,领会

take…into account / consideration 考虑,重视

take it / things easy 别紧张,从容

take measures / steps 采取措施

take off vt.脱去,除去;vi.起飞,起程,成功,成名

take office就职,上任

take on 呈现,雇佣,承担,担任

take one’s place就坐,入坐,代替

take one’s time(to do) 慢慢做

take out 拿出,取出,去除,取得(专利权)

take over 接管,接任,接收

take possession of 占有,拥有

take the place of代替

take the shape of 呈/取……的形状

take the size of 量…的尺寸

take pride in以……为荣,对……骄傲

take…seriously/calmly严肃认真/冷静从容地对待

take sb. by the arm拉某人的胳膊

take sb.in one’s arms 拥抱某人

take turns(to do) 轮流做

take up for 袒护

take up with 致力于,忍受,对…发生兴趣

38.以think为中心的词组

think about 考虑

think aloud 自言自语

think highly / well/much/a lot of对…评价很高

think little/ill/nothing of 轻视,看不起

think of 想,想着,想做

think of …as…把…看作

think out 仔细考虑,想通

think over仔细考虑

think through想通

think to oneself 沉思,暗自想

think up 想出,想通,想起

39.以turn为中心的词组

turn away把……打发走,解雇,转脸不采,使转变方向

take one’s turn to do轮到做

turn a blind eye to对……视而不见

turn a deaf to对……充耳不闻

turn against背叛,采取敌对态度

turn back 折回,往回走

turn down 折叠,翻下,驳回,拒绝考虑

turn into 走进;变成,变为

turn to ……for help 求助于

turn off 关上,解雇,避开(问题)

turn on 打开;反对;依靠,依赖,取决于

turn one’s attention to把注意力转向

turn out 培养;证明是;制成;实际情况是

turn out to be 原来是,证明是,结果是

turn over a new leaf翻开新的一页, 改过自新

turn (a)round 旋转,转过身来;改变意见;

turn to 变成;着手于

turn upside down 颠倒过来,翻过来

40.以watch为中心的词组

keep (a) watch 守望,值班,留心

watch one’s time /opportunity 等待时机

watch out (for)当心,监视,注意,提防

watch over 查看,监视,看守

watch one’s weight 留心体重

watch one’s step 当心,留心

考点解析

考点一、动词意义的辨析

①Recently, these companies have _______ some workers because of the drop in economy.

A. hired B. dismissed C. refused D. employed

【解析】答案为B。四个选项都是及物动词,且都可以与worker构成动宾关系,但从题干中的the drop in economy可知,只有B项符合题意。

②When his brother was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a truck and badly _______。

A. injured B damaged C. harmed D. destroyed

【解析】答案为A。这四个动词都有“伤害,损害”之意,但具体用法不同。injure指在意外事故中“受伤”;damage主要指对于物体的不彻底的破坏,这种破坏或因自然灾害所致,或因人为造成,常含可以修复之意;harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害,有时可指引起不安或不便;destroy表示毁坏十分彻底,常含无法修复再用之意。

考点二、动词的固定搭配

①I it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for

their products.

A. make B. look C. take D. think

【解析】答案为C。take...as...意为“把……当作/认为……是”;另外,“look on...as...”和“think of...as...”也有此意。若用A项,需要把it后面的as去掉。

②Her shoes her dress; they look very well together.?

A. suit B. fit C. compare D. match

【解析】答案为D。suit指“符合某人的口味,或颜色、款式等的相配或适合”;fit指“强调尺寸、大小或形状上的吻合”;compare意为“比较、对照”;match指“两个物体大小、色调、形状、性质等方面很相配,显得很协调”。

③With modern equipment, many mysteries have _______ to light in recent years.

A. bought B. come C. thrown D. appeared

【解析】答案为B。题意为“由于有现代化的设备,近年来许多谜团被揭开”。“揭露,将……曝光”是come to light,故答案为B项。

④The card reads: “Dear Mom and Dad, they are _______ everyone write home. Love, Joey.”

A. advising B. suggesting C. letting D. making

【解析】答案为D。分析句子结构可知,空缺处后面的write home是无to的不定式,作everyone的宾语补足语,由此可排除A项;suggest后面不能跟不定式作宾补,更不用说无to的不定式,由此排除B项;let作为使役动词时,无进行时态,也排除;只有make后面是跟无to的不定式作宾补的,所以答案为D。

考点三、连系动词的辨析

①The effect of the medicine on this kind of disease remains______ _.

A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see

【解析】答案为B。题意为“这种药对这种疾病的效果尚待观察”。由题意可知,remain在此是用作系动词,且see这一动作还没有发生,答案锁定在B和D中间;“the effect”和“see”之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。

②On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she ______pale.

A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared

【解析】答案为C。“got” 作系动词时,表示人为所致成一个相对长的过程;“changed”是实义动词,不能接形容词作表语;“went”作系动词时表示情况变坏、糟糕;“appeared”表示表面是这样而事实上并非如此。

③It was already past midnight and only three young men _______in the tea house.

A. left B. remained C. delayed D. deserted

【解析】答案B。为句意:早已过了半夜,仅有3位年轻人还留在茶房。“remain”作系动词,后可跟名词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词,不定式的被动式作表语。

考点四、不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析

The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to its reality.

A. make up B. figure out? C. look through D. put off

【解析】答案为B。make up意为“组成、化妆、编造”;figure out意为“理解、弄清楚”;look through意为“浏览”。句意:目前的形势非常复杂,因此我认为要花费我一段时间来弄清楚它的真实性。

考点五、由同一动词与介词或副词构成的短语辨析

It’s going to rain. Xiao Feng, will you please help me______ the clothes on the line?

A. get off B. get back C. get in D. get on

【解析】答案为C。get off意为“下车”;get back意为“回来”;get in意为“收集,收获”;get on意为“前进,进展”。表示“收衣服”要用“get in clothes”。

考点六、有同一介词或副词与动词构成的短语辨析

①In modern times, people have to learn to all kinds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable

life.

A. keep with B. stay with? C. meet with D. live with

【解析】答案为D。live with和put up with类似在此意为“忍受”。句意:在现代社会,人们尽管过着舒适的生活,但他们还得学会忍受各种各样的压力。

②______a moment and I will go to your rescue.?

A. Go on B. Hold on C. Move on D. Carry on

【解析】答案为B。go on意为“继续”;hold on意为“抓住不放、坚持”;move on意为“继续前进”;carry on意为“继续进行”。根据后句的I will go to your rescue可知,这里应是“坚持住、别松手”。句意:坚持一会儿,我会救你的。

考点七、动词+副词+介词短语的辨析

—Have you________ some new ideas??

—Yeah. I’ll tell you later.

A. come about B. come into? C. come up with D. come out with

【解析】答案为C。come about意为“发生”;come into意为“进入、得到”;come up with意为“想出、提出”;come out with意为“发表,公布、说出”。句意:“你想出新的主意了吗?”“是的,我过会儿告诉你。”

考点八、动词+名词+介词短语的辨析

The media can often help solve problems and draw attention _______ situations _______ help is needed.

A. in; that B. to; which C. in; where D. to; where

【解析】答案为D。draw/pay attention to意思是“注意;关心”。名词“attention”前可以有“more,little, careful,close, no,some”等形容词修饰,“to”后接名词、代词或动名词。第二空中用“where”引导定语从句。句意:媒体常常能帮助解决问题,关注需要帮助的对象。

1.【2012浙江卷,15】 Armed with the information you have gathered, you can_______ preparing your business plan.

A. set out B. set about C. set off D. set up

【考点】动词词组词义辨析

【答案】B

【解析】根据句意:有这么些个你所收集的信息,你可以着手(set about doing sth)准备你的商业计划了。Set out to do sth着手;set off出发;set up建立,均不符合语境,故排除。

2.【2012浙江卷,12】 According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to______ from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.

A. differ B. shrink C. fail D. decline

【考点】动词词义辨析

【答案】D

【解析】根据句意:根据科学家研究,我们的精神气在22岁达到高峰值之后便从27岁开始下滑(decline)。Differ不同;shrink缩水;fail失败、衰竭,均不符合语境,故排除。

3.【2012湖北卷,21】Two lawyers have donated ,000 to ________ our school’s campaign “Help the Needy”, which was started by our former headmaster three years ago

A. sponsor B. launch

C. organize D. plan

【答案】A

【考点】考查动词辨析。难度中等。

【解析】该句意为:两位 律师捐赠了5,0000美元赞助我校“帮助贫困生”活动……

A项意为“赞助”,符合句意;B项意为“发射,开办”,C项意为“组织”,D项意为“计划”,都与句意不同。故A项正确。

4.【2012江苏卷,26】 — OK, I've had enough of it. I give up.

—You can't your responsibilities.

A. run off with B. run up against C. run out of D. run away from

【考点】动词短语辨析

【答案】D

【解析】run away from意为“逃离,躲避”,run off with意为“偷走;与……私奔”;run up against意为“偶遇”;run out of意为“用完”。句意为:——好了,我已受够了,我放弃。——你不能逃避你的责任。根据句意,应选D项。

5.【2012安徽卷,28】 The athlete's years of hard training when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.

A. went on B. got through C. paid off D. ended up

【答案】C

【考点】考点本题考查动词词组。

【解析】pay off 有很多含义:1 付清某人的工资并解雇他 偿清欠款等等 2. 对某人或某事进行报复 3.使人得益,有报偿 4.贿赂

6.【2012江西卷,30】We were all agreed that the cottage would a perfect holiday home for the family.

A.make B.turn C.take D.have

30答案:A考点:考察动词的用法

解析:我们一致同意,这个小舍将会给我们的家庭营造一个完美的假日家园。make表“可以用作,可发展为”,与for连用。Turn表示“变为”,一般后跟into。

7.【2012全国II,12】 We ______ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.

A. set about B. set up C. set out D. set down

【答案】C

【解析】此处set about开始做. . .,后接名词、动名词;set up建立;set out开始做. . .,后接不定式;set down写下,记下。根据to paint可知选set out。句意:那天我们开始粉刷整个房子但只完成了前面的部分。

【考点】考查动词短语的含义。

8.【2012湖北卷,22】 Finally, my thanks go to my tutor, who has offered a lot of suggestions and comments on my paper and ________ every page of my draft.

A. approved B. quoted

C. polished D. folded

【答案】C

【考点】考查动词辨析。难度中等。

【解析】句意为:最后,我要感谢我的辅导老师,他给我的论文提出了很多批评和建议,并对每张稿件作了推敲。C项意为“推敲”,符合句意,故C项正确。A项意为“通过”,B项意为“引用”,D项意为“折叠”,都与句意不符。

9.【2012湖北卷,23】 Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to ________ his courage.

A. hold up B. keep up C. set up D. take up

【答案】B

【考点】考查动词短语辨析。难度中等。

【解析】句意为:独自在黑暗中行走,男孩吹口哨保持勇气。B项意为“维持,不使低落”,符合句意。A项意为“举起”,C项意为“建立”,D项意为“拿起”,都与句意不符。

B组 2008-2011年全国高考题组

1.【2011安徽卷, 34】If you _____faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price. A. come across B. care about C. look for D. focus upon 【答案】A

【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。

【解析】句意为“如果你发现这辆自行车有毛病但还是想要,你就要求这家商店的营业员减价。”come across偶然遇到;care about关心,在乎;look for寻找;focus upon专注于。 2.【2011浙江卷,6】The school isn’t the one I really wanted to go to ,but I suppose I’ll just have to __________it,

A. make the best of B. get away from C. keep an eye on D. catch up with

【答案】A

【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。

【解析】句意为“这所学校并不是我原来真正想去的,但我现在想尽量好好利用它了。”make the best of充分利用,尽量好好去做;get away from逃离;keep an eye on照看,,留心; 注意;catch up with追上,赶上。对照现在和过去对学校态度的变化,选A。

3.【2011浙江卷,12】He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of ______at a hotel for the night.

A. putting down B. putting off C. putting on D. putting up

【答案】D

【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。

【解析】句意为“他决定一路驾车回家,不在旅馆留宿。”put down放下,平定, 镇压,记下;put off推迟;put on穿上,戴上,上演,假装,增加;put up举起,建立,张贴,投宿。根据句意选D。

4.【2011四川卷,7】To get a better grade, you should __________the notes again before the test.

A. go over B. get over C. turn over D. take over

【答案】A

【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。

【解析】句意为“为了获得好成绩,你应该在考试前好好复习这些笔记。”go over审查,复习,重温从头到尾检查一遍;get over越过,完成,克服(困难),从(疾病、失望、震惊等)中恢复过来;turn over翻身,翻转,把……移交;take over接管; 接替。

5.【2011陕西卷,25】Some insects________the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.

A. take in B. take off C. take on D. take out

【答案】C

【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。

【解析】take in吸收,欺骗;take off拿走, 取下,脱去(衣服等),起飞;take on承担,呈现,雇用;take out把…带出去,清除, 除掉。句意为“一些昆虫为了保护自己,让自己的体色与其周围环境的颜色相似。”

6.【2011湖北卷,29】The government has taken measures to _________ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.

A. take down B. bring down C. hand down D. tear down

【答案】B

【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。

【解析】句意为“政府已经采取措施来降低日常生活用品的价格以保持市场的稳定。”take down拆卸,记录,记下;bring down 使(某物或某人)掉下〔倒下〕, 击败,降(价);hand down把…传递下来,遗留; 流传;tear down拆毁; 拆卸。根据后面的“保持市场的稳定”选B。

7.【2010浙江卷】The majority of people in the town strongly the plan to build a playground for children.

A.consider B.support C.confirm D.submit

【答案】B

【考点】本题考查动词辨析。

【解析】分析四个选项的意思:consider考虑, 思考, 认为等;support支持, 拥护, 维持;confirm证实, 确认;submit使屈服, 使经受。根据语境:镇上的大多数人都积极地拥护为孩子们建造运动场的计划。

8.【2010浙江卷】After that, he knew he could any emergency by doing what be could to the best of his ability.

A.get away with B.get on with C.get through D.get across

【答案】C

【考点】本题考查与get相关的短语辨析。

【解析】分析四个选项的意思:get away with侥幸逃脱;get on with与……有好相处;get through接通, 顺利通过, 完成;get across被理解, 越过。根据语境:经过那件事之后, 他明白了他能尽一切可能去顺利解决任何突发情况。

9.【2009浙江卷】The good thing about children is that they _______ very easily to new environments.

A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply

【答案】A

【考点】本题考查动词词义。

【解析】根据句意, “关于孩子们美好的事情就是孩子们能很容易适应新的环境”。adapt to“适应”; appeal to“有吸引力, 有感染力;呼吁;求助于;上诉”等; attach to“粘上, 附上”; apply to“应用于, 适应于”。

10.【2009安徽卷】Just as Professor Scotti often it, success is ninety-nine percent mental attitude.

A. gets B. makes C. puts D. means

【答案】C

【考点】动词辨析

【解析】正像Professor Scotti提出的, 成功是来自99%的汗水。

11.【2008浙江卷】American Indians about five percent of the U.S. population.?

A. fill up B. bring up C. make up D. set up

【答案】C

【考点】考查动词短语辨析。

【解析】句意为:美洲印第安人占美国人口的5%。fill up填充;bring up培养, 抚养;make up占据;set up建立。

12.【2008江苏卷】—Is Peter there??

— , please. I’ll see if I can find him for you.?

A. Hold up B. Hold on C. Hold out D. Hold off

【答案】B

【考点】考查动词短语辨析。

【解析】hold on意为 “不要挂断, 请等一会儿”, 符合句意, 其余选项均不是打电话时的用语。

三年模拟

A组 2012年全国高考题组

1.(浙江省2012届高三六校联考 12)

---- Did you see Jay Chou at his album signing?

---- Not really. We waited in line for an hour, only to be ______ at the door.

A. turned away B. turned out C. turned off D. turned up

2.(浙江省2012届高三六校联考,14)Parents who _____ to sing to their children may help with children’s development of language skills.

A. add B. tend C. amount D. focus

3.(浙江省2012届重点中学协作体高三第二学期3月调研,12)

---Did you enjoy the movie?

---Sure, it is _____ a beautiful country town with a variety of cultures.

A. put on B. set in C. taken on D. got in

4.(浙江省苍南县灵溪中学2012届高三高考模拟,5)Fully ________ in doing the housework, she doesn’t have time to enjoy various activities in the club any longer.

A. attached B. occupied C. contributed D. devoted

5.(浙江省苍南县灵溪中学2012届高三高考模拟,13)In the questionnaire, the subjects are questioned whether they ________ no smoking in the public area.

A. agree B. comment C. advocate D. conduct 6.(浙江省苍南县灵溪中学2012届高三高考模拟 ,14 )

--- Mom, I can’t see any point in working hard at all the subjects at school.

--- Come on, dear. Years of hard work will surely ________in the future of your career.

A. make out B. pay off C. bring back D. get away

7.(浙江省苍南县灵溪中学2012届高三高考模拟,18)These chemicals in the food supply ________ in people’s bodies over time.

A. bring up B. take up C. build up D. pull up

8.(浙江省苍南县树人中学2012届高三第一次月考 ,22)The car was out of order halfway and the heavy snow also______ the helplessness of the woman driver.

A. added to B. resulted from

C. turned out D. made up

9.(浙江省苍南县树人中学2012届高三第一次月考,24)

—Isn’t David an efficient manager?

—Er, David is really great but sometimes he has problems ______ his ideas.

A. getting around B. getting along

C. getting across D. getting off

10.(浙江省苍南县树人中学2012届高三第一次月考 ,26)She______ in a chair with a book and a cup of tea, watching TV.

A. seated B. settled down

C. settled on D. settled

11.(浙江省苍南县树人中学2012届高三第一次月考,22)A truly creative pe rson can tell the same story time after time and still ______ with fresh ideas.

A. come along B. come on

C. come up D. come out

12.(浙江省苍南县树人中学2012届高三第一次月,34)Oprah(奥普拉), the queen of American daytime talk TV, is_____ one of the most powerful women in the world.

A. raised B. recognized

C. requested D. recommended

B组 2010-2011年全国高考题组

1.(2010学年浙江省第二次五校联考,5)The news of the mayor’s coming to our school for a visit was ______ on the radio yesterday.

A. turned out B. found out C. given out D. carried out

2.(2010学年浙江省第二次五校联考,6)When asked to move away, the other three _____ but Mary was unwilling to do so.

A. adopted B. confirmed C. advocated D. submitted

3.(2010学年浙江省第二次五校联考,8)Was the large amount of wood ______ our bridge cut from that large forest a long time ago?

A. used to build B. used to building

C. was used to building D. was used to build

4.(宁波效实中学2011年高三模拟,5)I’ve read a variety of science fictions, but few of them the one that you lent me yesterday.

A.suit B.compare C.match D.beat

5.(宁波效实中学2011年高三模拟,6)Could you please tell me where you bought the dress you yesterday?

A.tried on B.put on C.had on D.pulled on

6.(2010-2011学年尔雅高考新课标第三次模拟预测卷,9)To the great disappointment of the poor peasant workers, a great part of their salaries were _____ by the boss for no right reason.

A. kept away B. kept off C. kept back D. kept up

7.(浙江省长兴三中2010届高三第一次月考,21)The moment I saw her, I _________ her, although she changed a lot through years.

A. know B. realized C. recognized D. noticed

8.(浙江省长兴三中2010届高三第一次月考,22)You’d better ________ your coins, and see how long you can last.

A. add up to B. add to C. add up D. add

9.(浙江省长兴三中2010届高三第一次月考,24)He spends all his spare time collecting stamps. He seems to _____ this.

A. be crazy about B. be concerned about

C. be native to D. play a part in

10. (杭十四中2009学年第一学期9月月考,17) The further falling of the stock market as reported today has ______a fresh wave of selling.

A. give off B. set off C. put off D. got off

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高考二轮复习英语教案:动词和动词短语


俗话说,磨刀不误砍柴工。作为高中教师就要在上课前做好适合自己的教案。教案可以让学生更好的吸收课堂上所讲的知识点,帮助高中教师提前熟悉所教学的内容。关于好的高中教案要怎么样去写呢?下面是小编帮大家编辑的《高考二轮复习英语教案:动词和动词短语》,相信能对大家有所帮助。

2010高考二轮复习英语教案:动词和动词短语
动词和动词短语是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词,其主要考点概览如下:
1.实义动词sell,write,wash,wear等词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义;2.happen,occur,breakout,comeout,belongto等词为不及物动词或短语,无被动形式;3.同义、近义或结构近似的动词或短语动词的辨析;4.由get,turn,break,take,set,come等动词构成的动词短语;5.have和get常见的用法;6.appear,seem和look的用法与区别。
动词和动词短语,在历年高考题中所占比例最大,设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中,考纲要求在复习备考中要掌握以下几个方面:
1.动词的词义;2.动词搭配;3.动词短语;4.及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法;5.常用动词的用法;6.熟记16个高频动词构成的短语用法(break,bring,call,come,cut,give,go,get,hold,look,make,put,set,take,turn,set等)
考查动词词义辨析和动词短语辨析是高考命题的基本形式,教师在引导学生复习备考中,要把握考纲要求,重点突出,找出易混点,重点词、词组,高频词、词组,正确辨析动词的同义词、近义词,动词短语的相近形式和意义,引导学生理解句意、语境通过辨析、理解语境,在训练中掌握这项考点。
动词和动词短语
一、动词的分类
根据意义和句法作用,英语动词可分为四类:
1.行为动词(实义动词)
①及物动词(带宾语):study,develop;
②不及物动词(不带宾语)work,swim,go,come
③状态动词(相对静止)contain,exist,own,prefer,belong
④动作动词延续性(work,stay);非延续性(marry,go,come)
2.系动词
①表示人或事物的特征和状态:be,feel,look,seem,taste,appear,sound
②表示状态的变化:turn,go,become,get,fall,grow
③表示某种状态的延续或持续:remain,keep,stay
3.助动词(与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语):
be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall
4.情态动词:can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)
二、动词及动词短语
(一)、动词词义辨析
动词是是各类考试的重点,高考试题中,单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中,动词辨义的比重较大,并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指:
1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。如:lie,lay;hanged,hung;rise,raise;sit,seat等。
2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。如:borrow,lend;speak,say,talk;hope,wish等。
3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如:advise,advice;cost,worth;pass,past等。
4、意义不同,但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如:explain,say;discover,invent,uncover;find,findout等。
5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如:ask,give,call,make,find,get,keep,want,see,hear等。
6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。如:givein,giveup,turnon,turnoff,turndown,turnup等。
(二)、易混动词归纳对比
1、lay(放),lie(躺)与lie(说谎):这三个易混动词构成见下表:

中文原形过去式过去分词现在分词说明
放laylaidlaidlaying及物动词
躺lielaylainlying不及物动词
说谎lieliedliedlying不及物动词
2、rise和raise:rise是不及物动词,其过去式是rose,过去分词是risen,而raise是及物动词,是规则动词。
3、hear与listento:hear侧重点是听到,听见什么,而listento是侧重于听的倾向,但hear用于无意中的听见,而listento却用于集中注意力的听。
4、see,watch和look:see用作看电影,剧目;watch则用作看电视比赛,而watch还有在旁观看之意。如:Areyougoingtoplayoronlywatch?;look一般用作不及物动词,只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词,如:Thelittleboylookedmeintheface.(小男孩直盯着我的脸。)
5、wind和wound:wind意为蜿蜒而行,其过去式与过去分词都是wound,而动词原形wound意为伤害,其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。
6、hang的用法:hang有两个意思:一为悬挂,是不规则动词,过去式、过去分词都是hung;二为绞刑,是规则动词,其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。
7、hear的过去分词born与borne:bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born,borne。只有当be+born…短语后没有by介词短语时,才可用born。如:HewasborninShanghai.而作它用时要用borne。如:Shehasbornefivechildren.但如果作忍受讲,则一律用borne。
8、sit与seat:seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲,sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用beseated。如:Theywereseatedattheirdesks.或用seatoneself,比如:Iseatedmyselfinthearmchair.
9、borrow,lend与keep:借入英文中用borrow,借出用lend,但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词,不能用于长时间的动作,所以我能借多久应用keep。
10、win与beat:win作胜、赢讲时其后应接,agame,anargument,abattle,aprize,acontest,arace,abet,但不能接人,如果接人则有另外的含意。如:Ihavewonhim.即我已说服他了,我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲,直接接人、队。
11、steal与rob:steal为偷。rob为抢,其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地,而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。
12、fit与suit:fit与suit均可作合适讲,但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适,而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。
13、take,bring与fetch:英文中拿三个词,即拿来,拿去,去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来,带来是bring,拿去带走是take,而去取回来是fetch。
14、shut与close:shut与close有时是可以互换的,但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用close,而在命令,态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如:Shutyourmouth!(闭嘴);又如:Shutup.在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合,则要用close。
15、answer与reply:作为回答讲answer是及物动词,如作不及物动词,则意义不同,如answerfor,意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词,后跟宾语时,要加上to。
16、reach,arrive与getto:reach当到达讲是及物动词,而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲,则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有getto,arrive(at/in)。
17、cost,spend与take:英文中花费有三个词cost,spend,take,但各有不同用法。cost作“花费”讲,主语不能是人,而spend的主语不能是物。如:shespentallhismoneyonstamps.而take作花费讲时,可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it,如Ittakesmethreehourstofinishthiswork.
18、lost,gone与missing:作补足语时意为丢失、不见了,可以用lost,gone,但要用miss时则不能用missed,而要用missing.
19、haveon,wear,puton及dress:作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。haveon与wear作穿着状态讲;但haveon不用进行时态,而wear则常要用进行时态。puton是动作,但dress既可用作状态,又可用作穿衣动作,但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:Hewasdressedinab1uesuit作动作讲时,其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词,如:Idressmychildreninthemorningeveryday.
20、begin与start
begin与Start均可作开始讲,并无多少区别,同样可接不定式或动名词,但在下面的场合多要用Start:1)机器的开动发动;2)旅途的开始。如:weshou1dhavetostartearlybecausetherewasalottrafficinthestreet。
21、allow与permit
allow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词,如接人后再接动词则要用不定式,所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如:Peoplearenotallowedtospit.
22、find与found
find找到的过去式和过去分词都是found,而found是动词“建立”的原形,其过去式和过去分词是founded,founded,如:ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.
23、speak,say,talk与tell
英文中讲有4个词,speak,say,talk,tell,但其中speak,talk多用作不及物动词,但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词,如:PleasespeakEnglish。而say与tell是及物动词,其中tell常用作接双宾语,如:Tellmeastory。但也有些特定的习惯用法,如:在作讲实话,讲谎言,表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词,如:Mywatchwasbroken.Itcouldn’ttelltimecorrectly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为Itsaid…。在作辨别不同讲时是tell,如:Canyoutellmethedifferencebetweenthetwo?而讲别人好坏话时用speak,如:Thefatheralwaysspeakswellofhisson.。
24、excuseme与sorry
excuseme用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语,而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。
25、carefor与caretodo
carefor其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词,如:Wouldyoucareforacupoftea?但carefor作照顾讲时与lookafter相同。
26、与名词易混的动词有:advise(v.),advice(n.);accept(v.),except(prep.);pass(v.),past(prep.);bathe(v.),bath(n.);breathe(v.),breath(n.);choose(v.),choice(n.);succeed(v.),success(n.);
27、意义相近的动词:ring摇铃,打铃,电话铃响,strike专指敲钟,打几点,撞击;suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议,advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告;look由视觉得出的印象,seem暗示一定根据的判定,appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此;stay停留,逗留,remain遗物,某物被取走一部分后剩余部分;discover(发现)找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西,invent(发明)研制出不存在的东西;remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事,remind提醒某人做某事。
28、动词+副词+介词:catchupwith,lookforwardto,comeupwith,keepupwith,goinfor,lookdownon,getonwith…
29、动词+介词to的词组有:cometo,stickto,objectto,agreeto,turnto,attendto,belongto,devoteto,replyto…
30、与in相结合的动词有:givein,handin,bringin,dropin,succeedin,takein,checkin,engagein,fillin,tradein…
(三)动词短语
动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词,不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点:
1、根据动词短语的不同特点,掌握其运用规律。
(I)动词+副词(不及物)
Harryturnedupafterthepartywheneveryonehadleft.晚会后,人们都已离去,哈里出现了。
(2)动词+副词(及物)
Pleaseturneverylightinthehouseoff.请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。
注意:①如果宾语较长,就应避免把副词同动词分开。如:Sheturnedoffallthelightswhichhadbeenlefton.她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间。如:Shegavethemaway.她送掉了它们。
(3)动词+介词(及物)
Imlookingformyglasses.我在找我的眼镜。
注意:①当它跟宾语时,不能把介词放在宾语后面。②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。如:Shesgotmoreworkthanshecancopewith.她的工作多得使她应付不了。
(4)动词+副词+介词
Ilookforwardtoseeingyousoon.我盼望不久就见到你。
注:“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”,这三种搭配都是及物的,如变成被动语态,不可漏掉介词。Inthiswaybothgrainandvegetablecanbewelllookedafter.(不能漏掉after)这样一来,粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。
2、熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。
(1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时,意义上的差异。如:①hearfrom收到…的来信,hearof听说。②lookafter照料,lookat看,lookfor寻找。
(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时,意义上的差异。如:①ringback回电话,ringoff挂断电话,ringup打电话②putaway放好,puton穿,上演,putup挂起,举起。
(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时,在意义上的差异。如:lookfor寻找,callfor去取(某物),去接(某人),askfor请求,waitfor等候,sendfor派人去叫。
(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时,在意义上的差异。如:①breakout发生,爆炸,carryout进行,开展,goout熄灭,handout分发,letout放出,lookout当心,sellout卖完,setout出发,takeout取出,workout算出。②breakdown出毛病,comedown落下来,getdown下车,takedown取下,writedown写下。
(四)、常见高频动词短语总结
1.break
breakaway摆脱;逃跑
breakdown(机器)出故障;中断;分解
breakinto闯入;打断;突然中断
breakoff中断;折断;突然停止
breakout突然发生;爆发
breakthrough突破;克服;挣脱而出
breakup打碎;中断;分解
breakin破门而入;打断(谈话);插嘴
2.bring
bringabout引起;造成
bringdown使倒下;使下降;使受挫折
bringforward提出;提前(=putforward)
bringintooperation实施;使生效
bringout显示出来;出版;生产
bringup提出;教育;培养;吐出
bringback把---送回;使想起;恢复
bringin引进;挣得
3.call
callfor需要;要求;邀请
calloff取消;停止
callon拜访;看望;号召
callup打电话;使人想起;召集
callat访问
callin请来;召集
callback回电话;召回
4.come
comeabout发生
comeacross偶遇;碰到;讲清楚
comealong进展;成功;一道走
comeintoeffect生效
comeoff发生;举行;成功
comeon快点;走吧;有进展
comeout出来;结果是出版
comeround/around再现;恢复知觉;改变看法
comethrough经历;获得成功
cometo苏醒;达到;总数为
comeup发生;走上前去;(时间)快到
comeupto达到(高度、程度);符合
comeupagainst碰到(困难)
comeupwith赶上;提出
comeback回来;反驳
cometrue变为现实
5.cut
cutacross绕劲道穿过;超越;遮住
cutback削减;终止;急忙返回
cutdown削减;减少
cutin插嘴;打断;突然出来
cutoff切断;中断;隔绝
cutout删掉;戒掉
cutshort中断;打断;缩短
6.carry
carryon继续;坚持
carryout执行;实施
carrythrough帮助度过难关;完成;实现
7.die
dieaway渐弱
diedown熄灭;平静下来
dieof因----(病)死亡
diefrom因----(外部原因)死亡
dieout灭绝;绝种
bedyingtodosth.迫切想做某事
8.give
giveaway赠送;颁发;泄露;告发;失去
giveout分发;公布;公开;用完(vi);耗尽(vi)
giveoff发出;放出
giveup放弃;自首;将-----交给某人(tosb.);对某人不报希望(onsb.)
givein屈服;投降;让步;上交;呈交
9.go
goalong进展;陪同前往
goby时间过去;经过;遵守
godown下降;下沉;下跌
gofor去;选择;想要;攻击(用语言)
goinfor从事;爱好;参加(选拔赛、考试等)
gointo研究;调查,从事
gooff离开;爆炸;食品变坏;断电;熄灭;(与副词连用或用于疑问句)进行;发生
goon继续进行;发生;上场
goout离开;熄灭;过时
goover浏览;仔细查看;检查;审查
gothrough通过;经历(苦难);仔细检查
goup上升;增长;涨价
10.get
getthrough浏览;翻阅;经历困难(痛苦);做完某事
getin收割;收获;收集;购买;买进;插话
getover克服;战胜;熬过;做完;结束;走完
geton继续;进行;上车
getround传播;散播;说服某人;回避;避开
getabout四处走动;传开
getacross传达;使---让人理解
getalong/on(with)进展;相处
getdown记下;下来;下车;使---人忧愁
getdownto(介词)开始认真干
getback恢复;回来;收回
getout泄露;逃离
gettighter聚会;收集
11.hold
holdback阻碍;阻止;控制;抑制;隐瞒;保留;犹豫不决
holdup举起;抬起;拿起;支撑;耽搁;使停顿;拦劫;抢劫;举出,提出
holdout维持;坚持;伸出;拿出
holdoff拖延;延迟
12.keep
keepaway(from)使远离
keepback扣除,保留;隐瞒
keepoff避开;不接近
keepon继续
keepout挡在外边;(警示语)请勿靠近
keepup保持,不低落;持续,继续
keepupwith跟上
13.look
lookafter照顾;关心
lookout看;当心;查阅;观察
lookback回头看;回顾
lookdownon/upon轻视;看不起
lookfor寻找;寻求;期望
lookforwardto盼望;期待
lookin顺便看望;顺便拜访
lookinto调查,深入了解
lookon观看;旁观
lookover翻阅;浏览
lookthrough浏览;详细调查
lookup查阅;查出
14.make
makefor向----前进,快速走向
makeout理解,领悟;辨认出,写出
makeup组成,占----比例;弥补,补偿;捏造
makeupfor弥补,补偿
makeupof由---组成;包含有
15.pick
pickout挑出;分辨出;区别出
pickup拿起;捡起;收拾;偶然获得,学会,接收(节目);(开车)去接;(顺便)捎带
16.put
putacross解释清楚;使人接受
putaside放在一边;储存;保留
putaway放好;收好
putdown写下;记下;镇压
putforward提出;推荐;把---提前
putin伸进;提出;提交;申请,请求
putinfor申请;正式要求
putoff延期;推迟;关掉;阻止,妨碍
puton穿上;戴上;上演;增加(体重)
putout熄灭;关灯;生产出,出版
putup举起;修建;提供
putupwith忍受;容忍
putthrough(把电话)接通;做完;向—传达,提出(tosb.);使经受—的考验
17.send
sendaway送走;解雇
sendfor派人去请
sendout发送;长出;发出(光、信号等)
sendup上升;发射
18.set
setabout开始做,着手
setapart使分离;使显得突出
setaside留出;拨出
setback推迟,阻碍;使花费
setdown记下,写下
setoff动身出发;引起;使爆炸(causetoexplode)
setout动身出发;引起;表示“着手做”时后跟动词不定式
setup建立;创立;引起
19.take
takeafter与----相似
takeapart拆卸(机器)
takeaway拿走;时离开;消除(病痛等)
takedown记下来;拆掉
takefor(错)当作;(误)认为
takein吸收;接受;领会;欺骗
takeoff起飞;匆匆离去;脱下
takeon呈现;采纳;承担,从事
takeone’stime不要着急,慢慢地做
takeover接收,接管,取代
taketo喜欢;养成---的习惯
takeup占据,占(时间、空间);开始从事
20.turn
turndown关小,调低,拒绝
turnoff关上/掉;转向;(使某人感到厌烦)
turnout关(灯);制造;结果是;原来是;培养
turnover(使)翻转/身;移交;周转;仔细考虑
turnto求助于;(使)转向;(把注意力等)转向;翻书到
turnup开大;被发现,被找到;到达;露面

高三英语教案:《语法知识情态动词和虚拟语气》教学设计


II.情态动词的重点知识

表示“能力、许可”的can和may表示能力的情态动词用can/couldA computer_____think for itself; it must be told what to do.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.may not D.might not表示许可时用may/might ,can/could 都可以,但在问句中用could…?或might…? 以使口气委婉客气,其回答一定要用can或may,以使回答口气明确(must表示一定,必须,mustn’t表示禁止,不许可)。①—Could I call you by your first name? —Yes, you______A.will B.could C.may D.might②Johnny, you_____play with the knife, you_____hurt yourself.A.won’t/can’t B.mustn’t/mayC.shouldn’t/must D.can’t/shouldn’t在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力,而要用was/were able to。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly buteveryone_____get out.A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to表示“推断、判断”的canmay,must在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气最肯定,may表示的是事实上的可能性。Peter______come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.A.must B.may C.can D.will而can表示的是逻辑上的可能性:Mary is in poor health. She can be ill at any times.在否定句中只能用can和may。所以can’t时用以代替mustn’t,语气比may更肯定。中文可以翻译为不可能。Michael______be a policeman, for he’s much too short.A.needn’t B.can’t C.should D.may在疑问句只能用can,不能用may和must。He may be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?He must be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?

need

need作为情态动词只有一种形式,只用于否定句和疑问句。

dare

dare作为情态动词用时有两种形式:dare和dared两个词形,除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外,还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。If he dare come,I will kick him out. I don’t know whether hedare say.注意:He doesn’t dare(to)answer the question.(否定句)Does she dare(to)enter the dark room?(疑问句)shall用于第一人称:征求对方的意见。What shall we do this evening?用于第二、三人称:警告、命令、允诺、威胁等。You shall fail if you don’t work harder. 警告He shall have the book when I finish reading.允诺He shall be punished.威胁

should

劝告、建议、命令、应该做、道义上的责任。You should(ought to) go to class right away.I should(ought to) help him because he is in trouble.

will/would

请求、建议,would比will委婉客气。Would you pass me the book?表示意志、愿望和决心。I will never do that again.They asked us if we would do that againwould可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。During the vacation he would visit me every weekThe wound would not heal.(伤口老是不能愈合)would表示估计或猜想。It would be about ten when he left home.What would she be doing there?情态动词+have done的用法could+have done:本可以做而实际上未能做。You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.cannot+ have done:表示对现在或过去行为的否定推测。He cannot have been to that town.can+主语+ have done:表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定(用在疑问句中)。Can he have got the book?might(may)+ have done:对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测。He may not have finished the work.If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.must+ have done:对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为:cannot have done。You must have seen the film.You cannot have seen the film.needn’t+ have done:本来不必要做的而实际上又做了。You needn’t have watered the flowers,for it is going to rain.注意:didn’t need to(have to)do:没有必要做而实际上也没有做I didn’t need to clean the windows.My sister did it 2 hours ago.should(ought to)+ have done:本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。You should have started earlier, but you didn’t.She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape,for I worked to use it.注意:He should have finished the work by now.(表推测)

虚拟语气

类 别

用 法

例 句

If引导的

条件从句

与现在事实相反从句动词:过去式(be用were)主句动词:should/would/could/might+doIf he were here, he would help us.与过去事实相反从句动词:had+done主句动词:should/would/could/might+have+doneIf I had been free,I would have visited you.与将来事实相反从句动词:过去式/should+动词原形/were+to do主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.

省略if的虚拟条件句

将虚拟条件从句中的were,had,should放到主语之前,构成主谓倒装①Should he come ,tell him to ring me up.②Were I you,I would not do it.③Had I been free,I would have visited you.

混合虚拟条件句

不同时间的虚拟:各遵守各的规则

①If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.②If he had told me yesterday,I should know what to do now.③If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.

虚拟与陈述的混合:各遵守各的规则

①He could have passed the exam,but he wasn’t careful enough.②You should have come earlier.The bus left a moment ago.

含蓄虚拟

条件句

but for+名词表示虚拟条件

句子或主句中的谓语动词的形式视具体情况而定。这是考查考生应变能力的最佳试题。---But for your timely warning,we ______ into great trouble.---You know we’re friends.A. would get B. must have gotC. would have got D. can’t have got

without+名词表示虚拟条件

Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold.

动词不定式表示虚拟条件

It would be only partly right to follow in this way.如果用这种方式,仅仅对了一半。

现在分词表示虚拟条件

Having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident.要是及时得知的话,我们也许能阻止这场事故。

过去分词表示虚拟条件

Given more attention, the tree could have grown better.如果多留心的话,这树本来可以长的更好。

副词otherwise表示虚拟条件

I was too busy at that time.Otherwise,I would have called you.我当时太忙,否则我就给你打电话了。

连词but连接的句子表示虚拟条件

He _____fatter but he eats too little .A. would become B. would have becomeC. must become D. must have become

其它

状语从句

as if/as though引导的状语从句中动词用did或had+done或would/could/might+do。注意:as if/as though引导的状语从句中也可以用陈述语气:当说话者认为所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时:It sounds as if it is raining.听起来像是在下雨。He talks as if he is drunk.从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。①与现在事实相反He talks as if he knew where she was.②与过去事实相反He talks aboutRomeas if he had been there before.③与将来事实相反He opened his mouth as if he would say something.in order that/so that引导的状语从句中动词用can/could/may/ might/ would等+doTurn on the light so that we can see it clearly.

宾语从句

demand, suggest, order, insist后接的从句中动词为should+doHe suggested that we not change our mind.wish后的从句中分别用过去式,过去完成式和should/would+do表示与现在,过去和将来情况相反I wish I could be a pop singer.I wish I would have gone toShanghailast month.

主语从句

在It is necessary / important / strange that…It is suggested / demanded/ ordered / requested that…等从句中,谓语动词用should+doIt is strange that such a person should be our friends.

其它

句型中

It is time that…句型中动词用过去式或should+doIt’s high time that we left/should leave.would rather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式I would rather you stayed at home now.If only句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式,表示强烈的愿望If only our dream had

情态动词

用 法

否定式

疑问式

简答式

can

能力(体力,智力,技能)允许或许可(口语中常用)可能性(表猜测,用于否定句或疑问句中)can not / cannot /can’t doCan…do…?Yes,…can.No,…can’t.

could

couldn’t do

may

可以(问句中表示请求)可能,或许(表推测)祝愿(用于倒装句中)may not doMay…do…?Yes,…may.No,…mustn’t/can’t.

might

might not doMight…do…?Yes,…mightNo,…might not.

must

必须,应该(表主观要求)肯定,想必(肯定句中表推测)must not/mustn’t doMust…do…? to.Yes,…must.No,…needn’t/don’t have

have to

只好,不得不(客观的必须,有时态和人称的变化)don’t have to doDo…have to do…?Yes,…do.No,…don’t.

ought to

应当(表示义务责任,口语中多用should)ought not to/oughtn’t to doOught…to do…?Yes,…ought.No,…oughtn’t.

shall

用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等shall not/shan’t doShall…do…?Yes,…shall.No,…shan’t.

should

应当,应该(表义务责任)本该(含有责备意味)should not/shouldn’t doShould…do…?

will

意愿,决心请求,建议,用在问句中would比较委婉will not/won’t doWill/Would…do…?Yes,…will.No,…won’t.

would

would not/wouldn’t do

dare

敢(常用于否定句和疑问句中)dare not/daren’t doDare…do…?Yes,…dare.No,…daren’t.

need

需要,必须(常用于否定句和疑问句中)need not/needn’t doNeed…do…?Yes,…must. No,…needn’t.

used to

过去常常(现在已不再)used not/usedn’t/usen’t to dodidn’t use to doUsed…to do…?Did…use to do…?Yes,…used.No,…use(d)n’t.Yes,…did.No,…didn’t.

高三英语教案:《词组专项复习》教学设计


作为杰出的教学工作者,能够保证教课的顺利开展,作为高中教师就要在上课前做好适合自己的教案。教案可以让上课时的教学氛围非常活跃,帮助高中教师缓解教学的压力,提高教学质量。那么一篇好的高中教案要怎么才能写好呢?下面是小编精心收集整理,为您带来的《高三英语教案:《词组专项复习》教学设计》,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。

unit 1

1. make friends with sb.

2. develop friendships with sb.

3. What do you think the proverbs tell us about ?

4. Beijing is well worth a visit.

Beijing is well worth visiting. 北京值得一游。

Beijing is worthy to be visited. Beijing is worthy of being visited.

5. get along well with sb. 与某人友好相处

6. feel betrayed 感到背叛了

7. betray sb. to sb. 把某人出卖

8. a surprise maths test 一次突然的数学考试

9. be / feel ashamed of … 对……感到惭愧

10. be proud of/ take pride in 以…为自豪

11. feel like (doing) sth /clause. 想、感觉像 ……

12. be determined to do / determine to do sth.

make up one’s mind to do sth. 下定决心去做某事

13. I admitted that I had made a mistake

I admitted having made a mistake. 我承认我犯了错误。

He has been admitted to Beijing University. 他被北京大学录取。

14. keep one’s secret 保守秘密

15. keep one’s word / keep one’s promise 信守诺言

16. go straight to 直奔

17. break one’s word 食言

18. forgive sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人所做的事

19. yell at sb. 对着某人大叫

20. laugh at / make fun of / play a joke on/ tease sb

嘲笑、取笑,跟某人开玩笑、取笑某人

21. focus one’s attention on 集中精力于

22. as a result of / because of/ owing to/ due to/ thanks to

由于;因为

23. can’t stand (doing) sth. 不能忍受(去做)某事

24. apologize to sb. / make an apology to sb. 向某人道歉

25. lead to / contribute to / result in/ cause 导致

26. turn into a horrible argument 转变成可怕的争论

27. feel guilty about… 因为……感到内疚

28. feel jealous of 嫉妒

29. can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事

30. an unforgettable experience 一次难以忘怀的经历

31. have every right to do sth. 完全有权利做某事

32. embarrass sb. in public 当众使某人尴尬

33. mean to do= intend to do = plan to do 打算干某事

34. mean doing 意味着

35. blame sb for sth / blame sth on sb/ 因为某事而责备某人

36. sb be to blame for sth 某人因受到责罚

37. lie in 在于

38. lie with 为…的职责

It lies with you to accept or reject the offer.

接受或拒绝那项提议由你决定。

39. before long 不久

40. There is no doubt that he will succeed. 无疑他会成功。

I have no doubt that… 我不怀疑…

41. I doubt whether / if he is right. 我怀疑他是否正确。

42. first of all 首先

43. stay up late/ stay up at night / stay late into the night 熬夜

44. make it 成功

M 5 unit 1 grammar – project

1. cheer sb. up 使某人提起精神

2. persuade sb to do sth = persuade sb into doing sth. 说服某人做某事

try to persuade sb to do sth= advise sb to do= suggest sb’s doing试图说服/劝告/建议某人做某事

3. speaking of friends, I’ve met some… 谈到;说到

4. rather than 而不是

5. join the school badminton team 参加学校羽毛球队

6. ever since 自从那以后

7. would rather do sth than do sth = prefer to do sth rather than do sth

= would do sth rather than do sth 宁可…而不…

8. had better do sth. 最好做某事

9. can’t wait to do sth. 等不及去做某事

10. chat on the Internet / chat online. 在网上聊天

11.discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人去做某事

12. spend an absurd amount of time online

在网上花费令人难以至信的大量的时间

13. offer/give sb. practical advice 给某人提供实用的建议

14.a sentence free from mistakes 摆脱(不好的东西)的,无…的

15. in advance 提前/事先

16. get through to … 打通……的电话

17. apart from 除了……之外

18. be absorbed in … 全神贯注于……

19.three and a half hours later= three hours and a half later

三个半小时之后

20. in the world = on earth 到底,究竟

21. have / take different attitudes towards … 对……有不同的态度

22. It is likely that = sb. be likely to do 很可能做某事

23. be based on shared activities or interests

牛津高中英语模块五 unit2

welcome to the unit---- word power

1. follow our usual schedule 遵循往常的日程

2. open the floor for discussion 自由发言

3 in addition to /besides/as well as/apart from 此外

4 be full of = be filled with 充满

5 have a lasting/ good/ great/ instant/ effect on(upon )对……有持久/好/大/立即的影响

6 grow to / climb to/ rise to/increase to 增长至

grow by / rise by/ increase by 增长了

7 wipe out 扫除;消灭

8 give voice to sth=voice 发表

9 cut back/ down on 减少

10 My suggestion is that sb should do sth.

11. be beneficial to…;be good for; do good to; do sb. good; benefit…对。。。。。。有益

12. environmentally friendly way of living 环保的生活方式

13. at the same time 同时

14. This room is twice bigger than that one. 这个房间是那个的三倍大。

This room is three times as big as that one.

This room is three times the size of that one.

15. be concerned about/ for concern oneself about / for 担心

16. be concerned with/in 与……有关

17. be responsible for (doing) sth 对……负责

18. see/ consider/ regard/ treat/ think of sb as 把……视为

19. the people running these factories 经营这些工厂的人们

20. the key to success / the key to solving the problem 成功/解决问题的关键

21. pay slightly higher prices for 为……付更多的钱

22. ask around 四处打听

23. be willing to do sth. 乐意干某事

24. My money has run out.(无被动) / I have run out of money. 我的钱已经用完了。

25 recycled material ( 可回收的材料)

26 What if we run out of space? 要是我们没有空间了怎么样?

27 What fun it is! How funny! 真有趣!

28 do harm to = be harmful to = do damage to 对……有害

29. run across= run into = come across 偶遇

30. so/as long as…; if only… 只要。。。。。。

31. personally (speaking),… 就我个人而言,。。。。。。

32. cause damage to… 对。。。。。。造成破坏/损害

Module5 unit2 grammar – project

1 be covered with/in 被……覆盖

2 clean up the mess 清理

3 customs officers 海关关员

4 come over to 靠近

5 watch the arrivals closely 仔细地观察到来者

6 draw conclusions 得出结论

7 natural disasters 自然灾害

8 form up 形成

9 according to 根据

10 combat desertification 对抗沙漠化

11 take steps to stop the process of desertification 采取措施来阻止沙漠化进程

12 provide sth for sb/ provide sb with sth 向……提供

13 be stocked with 储备有

14 set up a centre 建立中心

15 pick out 挑选出;辨认出

16 in the form of 以……的形式

17 on account of 因为;由于

18 present your point of view 表达你的观点

19 turn off the tap 关水龙头

20 raise concern both nationally and internationally/ both at home and abroad 引起国内外关注

21 Not only does he like English but also he likes French. 他不仅喜欢英语,而且还喜欢法语。

22 rely on/ depend on 取决于;依赖于

23 recognize importance of doing sth 认识到做……的重要性

24 be under way/ be under discussion / construction 正在进行/讨论/建筑过程中

25 work out solutions to many problems

26 replace…with… 取代

27 He will be a great success= He will be very successful. 他将会是个成功的人。

28 be home to a diverse range of fish and animals 是大量的鱼及动物的发源地

29 the most endangered animals 大多数濒临灭绝的动物

30 the number of + 谓单/ a number of + 谓复 ……的数目; 许多

31 prohibit sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事

32 remain to be done / remain single/ the remaining = the left 有待/保持单身/ 留下的20美元

33 have harmful effects on 对……有害的影响

34 We still have a long way to go to solve all the problems concerning (about) the Yangtze river 关于

35 appreciate doing / one, ones doing 欣赏/感激做某事

36. encourage sb. to do …鼓励某人做某事

37. fight against…; struggle against同。。。。。。作斗争

38. be stocked with…贮备,备有。。。。。。

39. make progress 取得进步

40. so far; up to now 到目前为止

41. work on 致力于

第三单元短语Module 5 Unit 3

Welcome ~ word power

1) beyond one’s imagination超乎想象

2) point out指出

3) point to指向;

4) point at直指

5) interfere with…干涉;干预。。。。。。

6) on one’s/ the way to doing sth. 正在做某事的过程中

7) by the way 顺便问问,顺便说说

8) by way of 途经;

in this way 用这种方式

In a way 在某种意义上,在某种程度上

in one’s (the) way 挡路

9) be approaching;be coming;be on the way;be around the corner;be at hand

临近

9) in general一般说来

in a general way 一般,通常

as a general rule 在一般情况下

generally speaking一般说来

10)praise sb for sth因某事而表扬某人

win high praise 受到高度赞扬

in praise of 赞扬(某人);

beyond all praises 赞美不尽的,赞不绝口的

with the intention of为了,以…为目的或意图

without intention无意地

10) make one’s intension clear说清楚自己的目的

11) state/ announce one’s intention声明自己的意图

12) be anxious to do sth. 渴望做…

13) be anxious for/about sth. 对…担心

14) desperate adj.不顾一切的, 拚死的,

15) desperation n.

16) the desperate look绝望的表情

a desperate cry for help 绝望的呼救声

be desperate to do sth. 急切想干某事

17) adopt measures/ new methods/ an idea采取措施/ 采用新办法/ 采纳意见

18) an adopted son;养子

19) adopted words 外来词

20) of one’s own自己的

21) be related to…与…有关

22) while (conj.) 当…的时候,和…同时(while引导的从句要表示一段时间)

John came in while I was typing a letter. 当我正在用打字机打一封信时,约翰进来了。

(conj.) 然而,虽然,尽管

While he was hated by others, I liked him. 虽然别人恨他, 但我却喜欢他。

23) deliver sb. from danger 救某人脱险

24) deliver sth. to sb. 把某物交付给某人

25) deliver a message/ a letter 传话/ 送信

26) deliver a speech 发表演说

27) succeed in doing sth. / be successful in doing/ have success in doing 成功地做某事

28) be of benefit to 对…有裨益 = be beneficial to sb.;

29) for the benefit of…为了…的利益

30) benefit sb./sth. 有益于某人/某物

31) benefit from/by 从…中获益

32) for sale待出售

33) use up用光

34) feel sorry for…对。。。。。。感到遗憾

35) comment on…; make comments on…对。。。。。。做出评论

36) be in complete agreement with…; totally agree with…完全同意。。。。。。

37) after all毕竟

38) above all 首要,特别是 ;

39) first of all 首先,首要的

40) in all 总共,总计;

not…at all 一点儿也不

all the same 仍然,还;

not at all 一点也不,不用客气

all the best 万事如意 ;

all the time 一直

41) come across偶遇。。。。。。;

42) come about 发生;

come to 达到,总计

come on 加油,快点;

come over 过来;

come up 走上前,走过来

come out 出来, (花)开放,出版, (消息)传出

43) die of hunger/ old age/ cancer

44) die from the wound/ diseases

45) turn out+形容词/不定式/从句,“结果是, 证明是”

46) make sense讲得通;有意义

47) go against nature与自然作对; 违背自然

48) put sth. in place把……放在适当的位置

49) end up doing…; end up with sth; end up in sp. 以。。。。。。而告终

50) achieve a breakthrough实现一个突破

Grammar~ Project

51) in the field/area of science在科学领域

51) be limited to…局限在。。。。。。范围内

52) be harmful to…; be bad for…; do harm to…; do…harm对。。。。。。有害

53) complain about/of... 抱怨/控诉。。。。。。

54) conduct a survey; carry out a survey开展调查

55) figure out想出;理解;明白;计算出

56) the other day前几天

57) on one’s part对某人而言

58) urge sb. to do sth. 力劝某人做某事

59) over/in the past/last few years在过去几年里

60) environmental conservation/preservation环保

61) meet/satisfy/supply/serve one’s needs(requirements/demands/requests)

满足…的需要

62) spell disaster招致灾难

63) make choices做出选择

64) turn out ( to be)…; turn out that…结果是。。。。。

65) return to normal恢复正常

66) deliver newspapers送报纸

67) medical treatment医疗

68) benefit from/by…得益于。。。。。。

69) be strict with sb in sth对。。。。。。要求严格

70) behave oneself表现好,守规矩

71) advocate doing…提倡做。。。。。。

72) put sth into practice将。。。。。。付诸实践

73) construct/build a harmonious society构建和谐社会

74) argue with sb about/over sth与某人争论某事

75) concentrate/focus one’s efforts on…致力于。。。。。。

76) do sth with the intention of…怀着。。。。。。目的去做。。。。。。

77) perform tests on…在。。。。。。上进行试验

78) follow in one’s footsteps 效仿。。。。。

79) in favour of…赞成/支持/有利于。。。。。。

80) from one’s point of view,…在某人看来

81) decades of…几十年

82) rather than 而不是

83) at a fast rate 以很快的速度

84) go off/to the point 跑题/切题

85) beyond all praise 赞美不绝

86) in desperate need of…极其需要。。。。。

87) adopt one’s suggestions 采纳某人的建议

88) deliver a speech作演讲

89) be involved in…卷入

90) seek one’s fortune寻出路;去淘金

seek after the truth追求真理

91) seek shelter from the rain找躲雨的地方

92) seek advice from sb. 向某人请教

93) the/common practice惯常做法

94) perform tasks执行任务

95) under construction在建设中

96) in one’s favor受某人欢迎;对某人有利

97) do sb. a favor; 帮某人一个忙

98) ask a favor of sb. 请某人帮个忙

99) argue sb. into/out of doing…说服某人做/不做某事

(精品推荐)高考二轮复习英语教案--专题五动词和动词短语


经验告诉我们,成功是留给有准备的人。高中教师要准备好教案,这是高中教师需要精心准备的。教案可以让上课时的教学氛围非常活跃,减轻高中教师们在教学时的教学压力。您知道高中教案应该要怎么下笔吗?以下是小编为大家收集的“(精品推荐)高考二轮复习英语教案--专题五动词和动词短语”欢迎您阅读和收藏,并分享给身边的朋友!

(精品推荐)高考二轮复习英语教案--专题五动词和动词短语

动词和动词短语是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词,其主要考点概览如下:
1.实义动词sell,write,wash,wear等词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义;2.happen,occur,breakout,comeout,belongto等词为不及物动词或短语,无被动形式;3.同义、近义或结构近似的动词或短语动词的辨析;4.由get,turn,break,take,set,come等动词构成的动词短语;5.have和get常见的用法;6.appear,seem和look的用法与区别。
动词和动词短语,在历年高考题中所占比例最大,设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中,考纲要求在复习备考中要掌握以下几个方面:
1.动词的词义;2.动词搭配;3.动词短语;4.及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法;5.常用动词的用法;6.熟记16个高频动词构成的短语用法(break,bring,call,come,cut,give,go,get,hold,look,make,put,set,take,turn,set等)
考查动词词义辨析和动词短语辨析是高考命题的基本形式,教师在引导学生复习备考中,要把握考纲要求,重点突出,找出易混点,重点词、词组,高频词、词组,正确辨析动词的同义词、近义词,动词短语的相近形式和意义,引导学生理解句意、语境通过辨析、理解语境,在训练中掌握这项考点。
动词和动词短语
一、动词的分类
根据意义和句法作用,英语动词可分为四类:
1.行为动词(实义动词)
①及物动词(带宾语):study,develop;
②不及物动词(不带宾语)work,swim,go,come
③状态动词(相对静止)contain,exist,own,prefer,belong
④动作动词延续性(work,stay);非延续性(marry,go,come)
2.系动词
①表示人或事物的特征和状态:be,feel,look,seem,taste,appear,sound
②表示状态的变化:turn,go,become,get,fall,grow
③表示某种状态的延续或持续:remain,keep,stay
3.助动词(与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语):
be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall
4.情态动词:can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)
二、动词及动词短语
(一)、动词词义辨析
动词是是各类考试的重点,高考试题中,单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中,动词辨义的比重较大,并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指:
1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。如:lie,lay;hanged,hung;rise,raise;sit,seat等。
2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。如:borrow,lend;speak,say,talk;hope,wish等。
3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如:advise,advice;cost,worth;pass,past等。
4、意义不同,但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如:explain,say;discover,invent,uncover;find,findout等。
5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如:ask,give,call,make,find,get,keep,want,see,hear等。
6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。如:givein,giveup,turnon,turnoff,turndown,turnup等。
(二)、易混动词归纳对比
1、lay(放),lie(躺)与lie(说谎):这三个易混动词构成见下表:

中文原形过去式过去分词现在分词说明
放laylaidlaidlaying及物动词
躺lielaylainlying不及物动词
说谎lieliedliedlying不及物动词
2、rise和raise:rise是不及物动词,其过去式是rose,过去分词是risen,而raise是及物动词,是规则动词。
3、hear与listento:hear侧重点是听到,听见什么,而listento是侧重于听的倾向,但hear用于无意中的听见,而listento却用于集中注意力的听。
4、see,watch和look:see用作看电影,剧目;watch则用作看电视比赛,而watch还有在旁观看之意。如:Areyougoingtoplayoronlywatch?;look一般用作不及物动词,只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词,如:Thelittleboylookedmeintheface.(小男孩直盯着我的脸。)
5、wind和wound:wind意为蜿蜒而行,其过去式与过去分词都是wound,而动词原形wound意为伤害,其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。
6、hang的用法:hang有两个意思:一为悬挂,是不规则动词,过去式、过去分词都是hung;二为绞刑,是规则动词,其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。
7、hear的过去分词born与borne:bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born,borne。只有当be+born…短语后没有by介词短语时,才可用born。如:HewasborninShanghai.而作它用时要用borne。如:Shehasbornefivechildren.但如果作忍受讲,则一律用borne。
8、sit与seat:seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲,sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用beseated。如:Theywereseatedattheirdesks.或用seatoneself,比如:Iseatedmyselfinthearmchair.
9、borrow,lend与keep:借入英文中用borrow,借出用lend,但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词,不能用于长时间的动作,所以我能借多久应用keep。
10、win与beat:win作胜、赢讲时其后应接,agame,anargument,abattle,aprize,acontest,arace,abet,但不能接人,如果接人则有另外的含意。如:Ihavewonhim.即我已说服他了,我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲,直接接人、队。
11、steal与rob:steal为偷。rob为抢,其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地,而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。
12、fit与suit:fit与suit均可作合适讲,但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适,而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。
13、take,bring与fetch:英文中拿三个词,即拿来,拿去,去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来,带来是bring,拿去带走是take,而去取回来是fetch。
14、shut与close:shut与close有时是可以互换的,但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用close,而在命令,态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如:Shutyourmouth!(闭嘴);又如:Shutup.在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合,则要用close。
15、answer与reply:作为回答讲answer是及物动词,如作不及物动词,则意义不同,如answerfor,意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词,后跟宾语时,要加上to。
16、reach,arrive与getto:reach当到达讲是及物动词,而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲,则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有getto,arrive(at/in)。
17、cost,spend与take:英文中花费有三个词cost,spend,take,但各有不同用法。cost作“花费”讲,主语不能是人,而spend的主语不能是物。如:shespentallhismoneyonstamps.而take作花费讲时,可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it,如Ittakesmethreehourstofinishthiswork.
18、lost,gone与missing:作补足语时意为丢失、不见了,可以用lost,gone,但要用miss时则不能用missed,而要用missing.
19、haveon,wear,puton及dress:作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。haveon与wear作穿着状态讲;但haveon不用进行时态,而wear则常要用进行时态。puton是动作,但dress既可用作状态,又可用作穿衣动作,但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:Hewasdressedinab1uesuit作动作讲时,其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词,如:Idressmychildreninthemorningeveryday.
20、begin与start
begin与Start均可作开始讲,并无多少区别,同样可接不定式或动名词,但在下面的场合多要用Start:1)机器的开动发动;2)旅途的开始。如:weshou1dhavetostartearlybecausetherewasalottrafficinthestreet。
21、allow与permit
allow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词,如接人后再接动词则要用不定式,所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如:Peoplearenotallowedtospit.
22、find与found
find找到的过去式和过去分词都是found,而found是动词“建立”的原形,其过去式和过去分词是founded,founded,如:ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.
23、speak,say,talk与tell
英文中讲有4个词,speak,say,talk,tell,但其中speak,talk多用作不及物动词,但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词,如:PleasespeakEnglish。而say与tell是及物动词,其中tell常用作接双宾语,如:Tellmeastory。但也有些特定的习惯用法,如:在作讲实话,讲谎言,表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词,如:Mywatchwasbroken.Itcouldn’ttelltimecorrectly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为Itsaid…。在作辨别不同讲时是tell,如:Canyoutellmethedifferencebetweenthetwo?而讲别人好坏话时用speak,如:Thefatheralwaysspeakswellofhisson.。
24、excuseme与sorry
excuseme用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语,而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。
25、carefor与caretodo
carefor其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词,如:Wouldyoucareforacupoftea?但carefor作照顾讲时与lookafter相同。
26、与名词易混的动词有:advise(v.),advice(n.);accept(v.),except(prep.);pass(v.),past(prep.);bathe(v.),bath(n.);breathe(v.),breath(n.);choose(v.),choice(n.);succeed(v.),success(n.);
27、意义相近的动词:ring摇铃,打铃,电话铃响,strike专指敲钟,打几点,撞击;suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议,advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告;look由视觉得出的印象,seem暗示一定根据的判定,appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此;stay停留,逗留,remain遗物,某物被取走一部分后剩余部分;discover(发现)找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西,invent(发明)研制出不存在的东西;remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事,remind提醒某人做某事。
28、动词+副词+介词:catchupwith,lookforwardto,comeupwith,keepupwith,goinfor,lookdownon,getonwith…
29、动词+介词to的词组有:cometo,stickto,objectto,agreeto,turnto,attendto,belongto,devoteto,replyto…
30、与in相结合的动词有:givein,handin,bringin,dropin,succeedin,takein,checkin,engagein,fillin,tradein…
(三)动词短语
动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词,不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点:
1、根据动词短语的不同特点,掌握其运用规律。
(I)动词+副词(不及物)
Harryturnedupafterthepartywheneveryonehadleft.晚会后,人们都已离去,哈里出现了。
(2)动词+副词(及物)
Pleaseturneverylightinthehouseoff.请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。
注意:①如果宾语较长,就应避免把副词同动词分开。如:Sheturnedoffallthelightswhichhadbeenlefton.她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间。如:Shegavethemaway.她送掉了它们。
(3)动词+介词(及物)
Imlookingformyglasses.我在找我的眼镜。
注意:①当它跟宾语时,不能把介词放在宾语后面。②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。如:Shesgotmoreworkthanshecancopewith.她的工作多得使她应付不了。
(4)动词+副词+介词
Ilookforwardtoseeingyousoon.我盼望不久就见到你。
注:“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”,这三种搭配都是及物的,如变成被动语态,不可漏掉介词。Inthiswaybothgrainandvegetablecanbewelllookedafter.(不能漏掉after)这样一来,粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。
2、熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。
(1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时,意义上的差异。如:①hearfrom收到…的来信,hearof听说。②lookafter照料,lookat看,lookfor寻找。
(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时,意义上的差异。如:①ringback回电话,ringoff挂断电话,ringup打电话②putaway放好,puton穿,上演,putup挂起,举起。
(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时,在意义上的差异。如:lookfor寻找,callfor去取(某物),去接(某人),askfor请求,waitfor等候,sendfor派人去叫。
(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时,在意义上的差异。如:①breakout发生,爆炸,carryout进行,开展,goout熄灭,handout分发,letout放出,lookout当心,sellout卖完,setout出发,takeout取出,workout算出。②breakdown出毛病,comedown落下来,getdown下车,takedown取下,writedown写下。
(四)、常见高频动词短语总结
1.break
breakaway摆脱;逃跑
breakdown(机器)出故障;中断;分解
breakinto闯入;打断;突然中断
breakoff中断;折断;突然停止
breakout突然发生;爆发
breakthrough突破;克服;挣脱而出
breakup打碎;中断;分解
breakin破门而入;打断(谈话);插嘴
2.bring
bringabout引起;造成
bringdown使倒下;使下降;使受挫折
bringforward提出;提前(=putforward)
bringintooperation实施;使生效
bringout显示出来;出版;生产
bringup提出;教育;培养;吐出
bringback把---送回;使想起;恢复
bringin引进;挣得
3.call
callfor需要;要求;邀请
calloff取消;停止
callon拜访;看望;号召
callup打电话;使人想起;召集
callat访问
callin请来;召集
callback回电话;召回
4.come
comeabout发生
comeacross偶遇;碰到;讲清楚
comealong进展;成功;一道走
comeintoeffect生效
comeoff发生;举行;成功
comeon快点;走吧;有进展
comeout出来;结果是出版
comeround/around再现;恢复知觉;改变看法
comethrough经历;获得成功
cometo苏醒;达到;总数为
comeup发生;走上前去;(时间)快到
comeupto达到(高度、程度);符合
comeupagainst碰到(困难)
comeupwith赶上;提出
comeback回来;反驳
cometrue变为现实
5.cut
cutacross绕劲道穿过;超越;遮住
cutback削减;终止;急忙返回
cutdown削减;减少
cutin插嘴;打断;突然出来
cutoff切断;中断;隔绝
cutout删掉;戒掉
cutshort中断;打断;缩短
6.carry
carryon继续;坚持
carryout执行;实施
carrythrough帮助度过难关;完成;实现
7.die
dieaway渐弱
diedown熄灭;平静下来
dieof因----(病)死亡
diefrom因----(外部原因)死亡
dieout灭绝;绝种
bedyingtodosth.迫切想做某事
8.give
giveaway赠送;颁发;泄露;告发;失去
giveout分发;公布;公开;用完(vi);耗尽(vi)
giveoff发出;放出
giveup放弃;自首;将-----交给某人(tosb.);对某人不报希望(onsb.)
givein屈服;投降;让步;上交;呈交
9.go
goalong进展;陪同前往
goby时间过去;经过;遵守
godown下降;下沉;下跌
gofor去;选择;想要;攻击(用语言)
goinfor从事;爱好;参加(选拔赛、考试等)
gointo研究;调查,从事
gooff离开;爆炸;食品变坏;断电;熄灭;(与副词连用或用于疑问句)进行;发生
goon继续进行;发生;上场
goout离开;熄灭;过时
goover浏览;仔细查看;检查;审查
gothrough通过;经历(苦难);仔细检查
goup上升;增长;涨价
10.get
getthrough浏览;翻阅;经历困难(痛苦);做完某事
getin收割;收获;收集;购买;买进;插话
getover克服;战胜;熬过;做完;结束;走完
geton继续;进行;上车
getround传播;散播;说服某人;回避;避开
getabout四处走动;传开
getacross传达;使---让人理解
getalong/on(with)进展;相处
getdown记下;下来;下车;使---人忧愁
getdownto(介词)开始认真干
getback恢复;回来;收回
getout泄露;逃离
gettighter聚会;收集
11.hold
holdback阻碍;阻止;控制;抑制;隐瞒;保留;犹豫不决
holdup举起;抬起;拿起;支撑;耽搁;使停顿;拦劫;抢劫;举出,提出
holdout维持;坚持;伸出;拿出
holdoff拖延;延迟
12.keep
keepaway(from)使远离
keepback扣除,保留;隐瞒
keepoff避开;不接近
keepon继续
keepout挡在外边;(警示语)请勿靠近
keepup保持,不低落;持续,继续
keepupwith跟上
13.look
lookafter照顾;关心
lookout看;当心;查阅;观察
lookback回头看;回顾
lookdownon/upon轻视;看不起
lookfor寻找;寻求;期望
lookforwardto盼望;期待
lookin顺便看望;顺便拜访
lookinto调查,深入了解
lookon观看;旁观
lookover翻阅;浏览
lookthrough浏览;详细调查
lookup查阅;查出
14.make
makefor向----前进,快速走向
makeout理解,领悟;辨认出,写出
makeup组成,占----比例;弥补,补偿;捏造
makeupfor弥补,补偿
makeupof由---组成;包含有
15.pick
pickout挑出;分辨出;区别出
pickup拿起;捡起;收拾;偶然获得,学会,接收(节目);(开车)去接;(顺便)捎带
16.put
putacross解释清楚;使人接受
putaside放在一边;储存;保留
putaway放好;收好
putdown写下;记下;镇压
putforward提出;推荐;把---提前
putin伸进;提出;提交;申请,请求
putinfor申请;正式要求
putoff延期;推迟;关掉;阻止,妨碍
puton穿上;戴上;上演;增加(体重)
putout熄灭;关灯;生产出,出版
putup举起;修建;提供
putupwith忍受;容忍
putthrough(把电话)接通;做完;向—传达,提出(tosb.);使经受—的考验
17.send
sendaway送走;解雇
sendfor派人去请
sendout发送;长出;发出(光、信号等)
sendup上升;发射
18.set
setabout开始做,着手
setapart使分离;使显得突出
setaside留出;拨出
setback推迟,阻碍;使花费
setdown记下,写下
setoff动身出发;引起;使爆炸(causetoexplode)
setout动身出发;引起;表示“着手做”时后跟动词不定式
setup建立;创立;引起
19.take
takeafter与----相似
takeapart拆卸(机器)
takeaway拿走;时离开;消除(病痛等)
takedown记下来;拆掉
takefor(错)当作;(误)认为
takein吸收;接受;领会;欺骗
takeoff起飞;匆匆离去;脱下
takeon呈现;采纳;承担,从事
takeone’stime不要着急,慢慢地做
takeover接收,接管,取代
taketo喜欢;养成---的习惯
takeup占据,占(时间、空间);开始从事
20.turn
turndown关小,调低,拒绝
turnoff关上/掉;转向;(使某人感到厌烦)
turnout关(灯);制造;结果是;原来是;培养
turnover(使)翻转/身;移交;周转;仔细考虑
turnto求助于;(使)转向;(把注意力等)转向;翻书到
turnup开大;被发现,被找到;到达;露面