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高中非谓语动词教案

发表时间:2021-01-05

高考二轮复习英语考案:非谓语动词和独立主格结构。

一名合格的教师要充分考虑学习的趣味性,教师在教学前就要准备好教案,做好充分的准备。教案可以更好的帮助学生们打好基础,使教师有一个简单易懂的教学思路。那么怎么才能写出优秀的教案呢?急您所急,小编为朋友们了收集和编辑了“高考二轮复习英语考案:非谓语动词和独立主格结构”,但愿对您的学习工作带来帮助。

2010高考二轮复习英语考案:非谓语动词和独立主格结构
1.I’mthirsty.Willyougetmesomething____?
A.drinkB.todrinkC.eatD.eating
2.Howlongdidyouspend____yournewhouseyesterday?
A.todecorateB.decorateC.decoratingD.decorated
3.Itwasgreatfun_____apicniconthehill.
A.tohaveB.ofhavingC.haveD.had
4.----Lily,keepthewindow____.Thesandstormhasn’tstoppedyet.----OK,I’lldothat.
A.closeB.closedC.openD.opened
5.Apolicemansawtwothieves____agirl’smobilephoneonabusandhecaughtthematonce.
A.tostealB.stealingC.stoleD.stolen
6.It’sbadforyoureyes____computergamesforalongtime.
A.playsB.toplayC.playD.played
7.Thescientistsuggested____theexperimentinadifferentway.
A.doB.todoC.doingD.done
8.--DoyouoftenhearJohn___inhisroom?--Yes.Listen!Nowwecanhearhim___inhisroom.
A.sing;tosingB.singing;singingC.sing;singingD.tosing;singing
9.Theheadmaster’swordsarequite_____.
A.encouragedB.encouragementC.encouragingD.encourage
10.Whynot____?
A.lethimtogohomeB.tolethimgohome
C.lethimgohomeD.tolethimtogohome
11.Theyweremade____fourteenhoursaday.
A.workB.workingC.workedD.towork
12.Isitalwayseasier____friendsthantokeepthem?
A.makingB.makeC.tomakeD.made
13.Hestoodtherefortwohours____thegame.
A.watchedB.watchingC.iswatchingD.waswatching
14.It____Jacktwentyminutes____themathproblemyesterday.
A.took;toworkoutB.takes;workedout
C.hastaken;workoutD.istaking;workingout
15.Whenyouleave,don’tforget____offthelight.
A.toturnB.turningC.turnD.turned
16.Whodoyouthinkyou’dlike____?
A.tomakefriendsB.makefriendsC.tomakefriendswithD.makefriendswith
17.AlthoughJefflovesKFC,hetries____ittoooften.
A.toeatB.noteatC.tonoteatD.nottoeat
18.--Hi,Betty.ShallwegoswimmingthisSunday?
--ThisSunday?Iamsorry,Ihavealotofhomework____thisSunday.
A.todoB.doneC.doD.tobedone
19.Sallyhadnopen____yesterdaymorning.
A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith
20.JohnaskedDavidhow____Christmas.
A.celebratingB.tocelebrateC.tobecelebratedD.celebrate
21.--Excuseme,sir.Lookatthesignonthewall“NO____”.
--Oh,I’msorry.I’llneverdoitagain.
A.PARKEDB.SMOKEC.SPITTINGD.SMOKED
22.----Boysandgirls,willyouplease____theparkthisafternoon?----OK.
A.notcleaningoutB.nottocleanoutC.tocleanupD.cleanup
23.Doyoupractice______Englisheverymorning?
A.speakB.tospeakC.speakingD.spoken
24.TheGreatGreenWallwillstopthewindfrom____theearthaway.
A.blowB.blowingC.blewD.toblow
25.WeallconsideredMrZhao____teacher.
A.bethebestB.tobethebestC.beingbestD.beingthebest
26.Mysisterusedtobefondof____tabletennis.
A.playB.playedC.playingD.toplay
27.Howabout____?
A.togooutforawalkB.goswimmingintheriver
C.visitingthesickchildreninthehospitalD.tohavinglunchintherestaurant
28.It’sverykind____youto____me____theheavybag.
A.for;tell;totakeB.of;thank;forC.to;speak;tohaveD.of;help;carry
29.Haveyoudecided____?
A.togowithwhomB.whomtogowithC.whomgowithD.withwhomtogo
30.Herhope____agoldmedalinthe2008OlympicGames.
A.towinB.istowinC.winningD.willwin
31.Themeetingroomisbigenough____onehundredpeople.
A.holdingB.holdC.toholdD.holds
32.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife____?
A.tocutthewatermelonwithB.tocutthewatermelon
C.cuttingthewatermelonD.cuttingthewatermelonwith
33.Itisbettertoteachamantofishthan____himfish.
A.givingB.togiveC.givesD.gave
34.Jennyisinterestedin____inherfreetime.
A.listenedtotheradioB.readingmagazines
C.watchTVD.playstennis
35.Thepolicemanwarnedtheyoungman____afterdrinking.
A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive
36.Whatdoyouthinkisthebestway____thewildanimals?
A.protectingB.toprotectC.protectedD.protect
37.I’drather____ontheland____inafactory.
A.work;thanworkB.work;workC.towork;thantoworkD.towork;towork
38.Mygrandfatherisused____ahatinwinter.
A.towearB.forwearingC.wearingD.towearing
39.Sheis____withhermotherthisafternoon.
A.goingtoshoppingB.goingshoppingC.goingtobeshoppingD.gotoshop
40.Theresultofthegameis____.
A.frustrateB.frustratingC.frustratedD.frustrates
41.I’msorry____youenoughhelp.
A.havegivenB.ofnotgivingC.nottohavegivenD.tohavegiven
42.Herbrotherwas____atherwords.
A.annoyB.annoyingC.annoyedD.beingannoying
43.Aftertheearthquake,almostallthewindowsare____.
A.breakB.brokeC.brokenD.breaking
44.Theyarelookingforwardto____allovertheworld.
A.travelB.traveledC.travelingD.betraveled
45.Wouldyoumind____becausethere’resomanychildren____here?
A.smoke;playB.smoking;playing
C.notsmoking;playD.notsmoking;playing
46.SomestudentsfromGrade9____dosome____fortheold.
A.volunteeredto;cleanB.volunteered;cleaning
C.volunteeredto;cleaningD.volunteered;clean
47.____Englishismucheasierthanspeakingit.
A.ReadB.ToreadC.ReadingD.Reads
48.Theyoungmanwasoftenseen____bythelake.
A.todrawB.todrawingC.drawD.drew
49.Whenhewasintheoffice,hepreferred____something____nothing.
A.todo;thandoB.todo;ratherthan
C.doing;ratherthandoingD.doing;todoing
50.It’stoohottoday.Whynot____yourcoat?
A.takenoffB.totakeoffC.takeoffD.takingoff
51.Whenhewasaboy,heusedtogothereandwatch_____.
A.torepairbicyclesB.bicyclestoberepaired
C.bicyclesbeingrepairedD.repairingbicycles
52.---Haveyouconsidered_____yourjobasateacher?
---Yes.Ilikethejobbecauseateacherisoftenconsidered_____agardener.
A.tochange;tobeB.tochange;being
C.changing;beingD.changing;tobe
53.Thedog,_____,willbemadeagoodwatchdog.
A.totrainproperlyB.beingtrainedproperly
C.properlytotrainD.trainedproperly
54._____thediamond,hehadtolookforaplacetohideit.
A.HavingstolenB.HavingbeenstolenC.StolenD.Stealing
55.___thefrontdoor___,hehadtoentertheroomthroughthebackdoor.
A.Seen;paintedB.Seeing;painted
C.Beingseen;beingpaintedD.Seeing;beingpainted
56.Andthere,almost_____inthebigchair,satherlittlebrother,whoneverhadtobetoldtokeepquiet.
A.havinglostB.losingC.tobelostD.lost
57.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_____hishandintothepocketofapassenger.
A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting
58.Toanswercorrectlyismoreimportantthan_____.
A.thatyoufinishquicklyB.finishingquickly
C.tofinishquicklyD.finishquickly
59.Theoldfarmer,_____thebadlyinjuredandburntsoldier,cameoutoftheburningfarmhouse,callingcontinuouslyforhelp.
A.supportingB.havingsupported
C.beingsupportedbyD.beingsupported
60.InJanuary,2004,theUnitedStatessuccessfullylaunched“Spirit”,aMarsExplorationRover,_____anewmilestoneinthehistoryofmankind.
A.itmarkedB.markingC.markedD.tomark
61.Itwasgettingdark;Ifoundacar_____inapoolbythesideoftheroad.
A.tobestuckB.stuckC.stickingD.stick
62.Youcan’timaginewhatgreattroubletheyhave_____theproblem_____.
A.tosolve;beingtalkedaboutB.solving;discussing
C.tosolve;totalkaboutD.solving;beingdiscussed
63.Themonumentwasbuiltinhonoroftheexplorerwhowasbelieved_____theriver.
A.tohavediscoveredB.tohavebeendiscovered
C.todiscoverD.havingbeendiscovered
64.Thethieffelltotheground,hisleftfoot_____andblood_____downfromhismouth.
A.breaking;runningB.broken;running
C.breaking;runD.broken;run
65.Theprogramwassoexcitingthatthechildrenkepttheireyes_____onthescreen.
A.tofixB.tobefixedC.fixedD.fixing
66.AsIwillbeawayforatleastayear,I’dappreciate_____fromyounowandthensothatIcanknowhoweveryoneisgettingalong.
A.havingheardB.tohearC.hearingD.beingheard
67._____,thesubjectwasalwaysinmymind.
A.WalkingorsleepingB.Walkingorslept
C.HavingwalkedorsleptD.Towalkandsleep
68.---Didyougetadictionary?
 ---No,I_____,buttherewerenotany_____.
A.tried;tobeleftB.hadtriedto;leaving
C.triedto;leftD.hadtried;haveleft
69.Whenhecameto,hefoundhimself_____onachair,withhishands_____back.
A.tosit;tyingB.sitting;tying
C.seating;tiedD.seated;tied
70.ThejoketoldbyTommadeus_____,sotheteachercouldn’tmakehimself_____.
A.tolaugh;hearingB.laughing;heard
C.laughing;hearD.laughed;heard
71.Alloftheflowersnow_____herehavedevelopedfromthoseonce_____intheforest.
 A.raised;grownB.rising;growing
 C.raised;growingD.rising;grown
72.Henrycan’tattendtheparty_____atTom’shouseatpresentbecauseheispreparingthespeechattheparty_____atMarie’shousetomorrow.
 A.held;beingheldB.tobeheld;tobeheld
 C.tobeheld;heldD.beingheld;tobeheld
73.Seeingthesoldierswell_____fortheflood-fight,thegeneralnoddedwithsatisfaction.
 A.prepareB.preparingC.preparedD.havingprepared
74.Don’tworry.I’llhaveit_____andgetsomeone_____ittoyoutomorrow.
 A.typed;sendB.totype;tosendC.type;sendD.typed;tosend
75.Thesunwasshiningbrightly,_____everythingthere_____morebeautiful.
A.making;lookB.tomake;looked
 C.andmade;lookingD.andmaking;belooked
76.Howcouldhegettheplan_____withoutanyonetosupporthim?
 A.tocarryoutB.carryoutC.carryingoutD.carriedout
77.Newideassometimeshavetowaitforyearsbefore_____.
 A.beingfullyacceptingB.fullyaccepting
 C.havingfullyacceptedD.fullyaccepted
78.Havingpassedallthetests,shefeltagreatweight_____offhermind.
 A.takingB.takenC.takeD.tobetaken
79.I’mexaminingthearticlehehasjustfinished_____thepossiblemistakesinit.
 A.beingcorrectedB.tocorrectC.correctedD.havingcorrected
80._____fullpreparations,wedecidedtoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.
 A.WedidnotmakeB.Havingnotmade
 C.WehadnotmadeD.Nothavingmade
81.Weshouldpreventsuchasillymistake_____again.
 A.occurringB.tooccurC.tobeoccurredD.frombeingoccurred
82.Iregret_____hardatschool,orIwouldhavesucceededinpassingtheexam.
 A.nottoworkB.havingnotworked
 C.tohavenotworkedD.nothavingworked
83.Theylookedforwardwithhope_____achancetoreceivefurthereducation.
 A.forgettingB.ofgettingC.togetD.togetting
84.“Well,I’lltellyouasecret...”saidtheboy,withhismouthalmost_____myear.
 A.touchedB.touchingC.touchD.totouch
85.Towardsevening,thepatientopenedhismouthasif_____somethingtohisson.
 A.saidB.sayC.tosayD.tohavesaid
86.---Wouldyoube_____lendmeyourbicycle?
 ---Sure.
 A.sokindastoB.kindenoughasto
 C.verykindtoD.sokindto
87.Thebeachissobeautifulthatitisworthwhile,Ithink,_____forashortholiday.
 A.ofgoingB.tobegoingC.yourgoingD.youtogo
88.Theteacheraskedmore_____topreventthestudents’eyesfrombeinginjured.
 A.todoB.done C.tobedoneD.beingdone
89.SomeoftheschoolsinShanghaihavemovedonestepcloserto_____withtheglobaleducationcommunity.
 A.beingconnectedB.connect
 C.havingconnectedD.beconnected
90.Theperformanceofthehost,_____topleasetheaudienceanddrawtheirattention,wasgreetedwithacoldsilence,however.
 A.hadintendedB.intendedC.beingintendedD.tointend
91._____andoutofbreath,wereachedthetopofthemountainandstopped_____thebeautifulscenery.
 A.Tiring;toadmireB.Beingtired;admiring
 C.Tired;toadmireD.Tired;admiring
92.The18-storeyedbuilding,when_____,willshutoutthesun_____uptheroomsinmyhouse.
 A.completed;lightedB.completing;lighting
 C.completing;lightedD.completed;lighting
93.---IhearWarren_____inamiddleschool.
 ---What?Ican’timaginehim_____asateacher.
A.teaches;workingB.teaches;work
C.teach;toworkD.teach;working
94.____he’sonlybeenlearningEnglishforayear,hespeaksitverywell.
A.ConsideredB.Considering
C.HavingconsideredD.Toconsider
95.Itwas_____computergamesthatcosttheboyalotoftimethatheoughttohavespentonhislessons.
A.tohaveplayedB.playingC.playedD.havingplayed
96.Atnotimedoesthesalesgirlgetuplateinthemorning,forsheisalwaystoobusy_____agoodrest.
A.totakeB.takingC.tookD.taken
97._____asthemostexcellentstudentinheruniversity,asmostclassmateshadexpected,madeherparentsveryhappy.
A.MarywaschosenB.Marychosen
C.MarybeingchosenD.Mary’sbeingchosen
98._____thebigsnake,thelittlegirlstoodunderthetree_____todeath.
A.Seeing;frightenedB.Seeing;frightening
C.Seen;frightenD.Tosee;frightening
99.Youwillseethisproductmadeinthisfactory_____whereveryougo.
A.tobeadvertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertising
100.Mr.Greenissaid_____anexperimenttoprovethenewmethodofsolving theproblemwhenyoung.
A.todoB.tohavedoneC.tobedoingD.tohavebeendoing
101.Theweather___fine,theydecidedtogooutforawalk.
A.wereB.wasC.isD.being
102.Thecompositiongivenbytheteacher___,AlicewenttowatchTV.
A.beingdonewellB.hasbeendonewell
C.havingdonewellD.donewell
103.Thelastplane___,theyhadtostayinthehotelforanothernight.
A.leftB.havingleftC.havingbeenleftD.beleaving
104.Itisabeautifulvillagewithamountain____it.
A.SurroundedB.surroundingC.havingsurroundedD.havingbeensurrounded
105.Everything___intoconsideration,hisworkiswelldone.
A.takingB.takenC.hasbeentakenD.beingtaken
106.Allhiswork___,helefthisofficeatease.
A.finishedB.hadbeenfinishedC.finishingD.tofinish
107.Thepowerstationwasbuiltontheriverwithourvillageandsomeothers___withelectricity.
A.tosupplyB.suppliedC.supplyingD.havingsupplied
108.____fiveminutes____beforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedatthestation.
A.Therebeing;togoB.Itwas;left
C.Ithad;leftD.Therewas;togo
109.Christmas____,thefamilywasfullofexcitement.
A.wasthenonlydaysawayB.werethenonlydaysaway
C.thenonlydaysawayD.havingbeenthenonlydaysaway
110.Theyfirstreachanagreementonthebasicprinciple,thedetails____later
A.toworkitoutB.havingbeenworkedout
C.tobeworkedoutD.beingworkedout
111.Thepurse_____,theywenttothepolice.
A.notyetfoundB.hasn’tbeenfound
C.beingnotfoundD.nothavingyetfound
112.Theysatintheroomwiththecurtains_____.
A.drawingB.havingbeendrawn
C.drawnD.beingdrawn
113.Cars_____,theywerepunishedbythepolice.
A.parkingillegallyB.parkedillegally
C.beingparkedillegallyD.havingparkedillegally
114.Mr.Smithstoodbesidethewindow,hisattention____thecaroutside.
A.focusonB.focusinguponC.focusedonD.beenfocusedon
115.There____,weleft.
A.beingnothingelsetodoB.isnothingelsetodo
C.wasnothingelsetodoD.havingnothingelsetodo
参考答案
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31—35CABBA36—40BADBB41—45CCCCD46—50CCADC51-55CDDAD56-60DDCAB
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高考二轮复习英语教案非谓语动词和独立主格结构


一名优秀负责的教师就要对每一位学生尽职尽责,作为教师就要好好准备好一份教案课件。教案可以让上课时的教学氛围非常活跃,让教师能够快速的解决各种教学问题。写好一份优质的教案要怎么做呢?为满足您的需求,小编特地编辑了“高考二轮复习英语教案非谓语动词和独立主格结构”,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。

2010高考二轮复习英语教案

专题八非谓语动词和独立主格结构

非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下:1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语;2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语;3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词;

4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语,且意义不同的动词或短语;5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别;6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别;7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别;8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语;

9.therebe结构的两种非谓语形式;10.独立主格结构在句中作状语;

11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。

非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词三种形式。动词的非谓语形式是中学英语语法的重点和难点,也是每年高考热点中的热点,考纲要求掌握:非谓语动词的时态和语态;他们在英语句子中的作用;非谓语动词的基本用法和含义,非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子成分,比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等;掌握非谓语动词充当相同句子成分时的辨析;掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语义下的运用。

对于独立主格结构考纲要求掌握独立主格结构的构成方式;在句子中的作用以及with复合结构。

非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词,是高中英语学习的难点,也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点,教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当,尤其是对以下要点的复习:

1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别;2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式;3.非谓语动词完成式的用法;4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语;5.非谓语动词用作目的状语;6.非谓语动词用作结果状语;7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语;8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题;9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题;10.“(be+)过去分词+介词”结构;11.动名词的复合结构和therebe结构的非谓语动词形式。

对于独立主格结构的复习,教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系。

非谓语动词用法

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。

1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别

(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。

Smokingisprohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)

Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)

(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。

不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。

Climbingmountainsisinteresting.爬山很有趣。(经验)

Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)

(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。

Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.

2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别

(1)不定式作表语

1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。

Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither.--次做两件事等于未做。

WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.我的建议是立刻开始干。

2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。

Toseeistobelieve.百闻不如一见。

Toworkmeanstoearnaliving.工作就是为了生活。

3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。

Hiswishistobuyaluxuriouscarinthenearfuture.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。

ThefunctionofLouisSullivansarchitecturewastoprovidelargeuninterruptedfloorareasandtoallowamplelightintotheinterior.

Themostimportantthingistonegotiatewiththemaboutthefutureoftheplant.

(2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。

Ourworkisservingthepeople.我们的工作是为人民服务。

Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.他的爱好是集邮。

(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。

Peoplecannotbutfeelpuzzled,fortheysimplycannotunderstandhowhecouldhavemadesuchastupidmistake.

HisvictoryinthefinalwasnomoreconvincingthanIhadexpected.

(3)分词作表语

分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebodyisinterestedin...,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth.isinteresting.这类词常见的有:

interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的

exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的

delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的

disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的

encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的

pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的

puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的

satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的

surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的

worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的

Travellingisinterestingbuttiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。

Thepupilswillgetconfusediftheyaremadetolearntoomuch.如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。

Theargumentisveryconvincing.他的论点很令人信服。

Theywereveryexcitedatthenews.听到这个消息,他们非常激动。

3.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别

英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求:

(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语

1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语

决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装,主动答应选计划

同意请求帮一帮,愿望似乎就没有,碰巧承担常努力。

attempt企图enable能够neglect忽视

afford负担得起demand要求long渴望

arrange安排destine注定mean意欲,打算

begin开始expect期望omit忽略,漏

appear似乎,显得determine决定manage设法

cease停止hate憎恨,厌恶pretend假装

ask问dread害怕need需要

agree同意desire愿望love爱

swear宣誓volunteer志愿wish希望

bear承受endeavor努力offer提供

beg请求fail不能plan计划

bother扰乱;烦恼forget忘记prefer喜欢,宁愿

care关心,喜欢happen碰巧prepare准备

decide决定learn学习regret抱歉,遗憾

choose选择hesitate犹豫profess表明

claim要求hope希望promise承诺,允许

start开始undertake承接want想要

consent同意,赞同intend想要refuse拒绝

decide决定learn学习vow起

contrive设法,图谋incline有…倾向propose提议

seek找,寻觅try试图

2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式

ask要求,邀请get请,得到prompt促使

allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢,宁愿

announce宣布force强迫press迫使

bride收买inspire鼓舞request请求

assist协助hate憎恶pronounce断定,表示

advise劝告exhort告诫,勉励pray请求

authorize授权,委托help帮助recommend劝告,推荐

bear容忍implore恳求remind提醒

beg请求induce引诱report报告

compel强迫invite吸引,邀请,summon传唤

command命令intend想要,企图show显示

drive驱赶mean意欲,打算train训练

cause引起instruct指示require要求

deserve应受leave使,让tell告诉

direct指导like喜欢tempt劝诱

entitle有资格order命令warn告诫

enable使能够need需要urge激励,力说

encourage鼓励oblige不得不want想要

condemn指责,谴责lead引起,使得teach教

entreat恳求permit允许wish希望

(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语

考虑建议盼原谅,避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏

禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡

acknowledge承认,自认cease停止mention说到,讲到

admit承认tolerate忍受dislike不喜欢,讨厌

advocate:提倡,主张complete完成dread可怕

appreciate感激,欣赏confess坦白endure忍受

avoid避免contemplate细想enjoy享有,喜爱

bear忍受defer拖延envy嫉妒

canthelp不禁delay延迟escape逃跑,逃避

cantstand受不了deny否认excuse借口

consider考虑detest嫌恶fancy幻想,爱好

favor造成,偏爱mind介意repent悔悟

figure描绘,计算miss错过resent怨恨

finish完成,结束不得pardon原谅,饶恕resist抵抗,阻止

forgive原谅permit允许resume恢复

imagine设想postpone延迟,延期risk冒险

involve卷入,包含practise实行,实践suggest建议

hate讨厌prevent阻止save营救,储蓄

keep保持quit放弃停止stand坚持,忍受

loathe非常讨厌,厌恶recall回想

Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。

(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别

想起忘记常后悔

1)forgettodo忘记要去做某事(此事未做)

forgetdoing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)

2)stoptodo停止、中断(某件事),目的是去做另一件事

stopdoing停止正在或经常做的事

3)remembertodo记住去做某事(未做)

rememberdoing记得做过某事(已做)

4)regrettodo对要做的事遗憾

regretdoing对做过的事遗憾、后悔

5)trytodo努力、企图做某事

trydoing试验、试一试某种办法

6)meantodo打算,有意要…

meandoing意味着

7)goontodo继而(去做另外一件事情)

goondoing继续(原先没有做完的事情)

8)proposetodo打算(要做某事)

proposingdoing建议(做某事)

9)like/love/hate/prefer+todo表示具体行为;+doingsth表示抽象、倾向概念

(注)如果这些动词前有should一词,其后宾语只跟不定式,不能跟动名词。例如:

Ishouldliketoseehimtomorrow.

10)need,want,deserve+动名词表被动意义;+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。

Dontyourememberseeingthemanbefore?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

Youmustremembertoleavetomorrow.你可要记着是明天动身。

IdontregrettellingherwhatIthought.我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过)

Iregrettohavetodothis,butIhavenochoice.我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没办法。(未做但要做)

Youmusttrytobemorecareful.你可要多加小心。

Letstrydoingtheworksomeotherway.让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作。

Ididntmeantohurtyourfeeling.我没想要伤害你的感情。

Thisillnesswillmean(your)goingtohospital.得了这种病(你)就要进医院。

4.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别

(1)不定式作定语

1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系

Hewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterday.昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。

ThetraintoarrivewasfromLondon.将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。

2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系

Gethimsomethingtoeat.给他拿点儿东西吃。

Shehasalotofworktodointhemorning.早上他有很多工作要做。

3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语,要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系,这里的介词不能省去。

Ineedapentowritewith.我需要一支笔写字。

Thereisnothingtoworryabout.没有什么值得发愁的。

4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如:

ability能力,本领drive赶,驾驶movement运动,活动

ambition抱负,野心effort努力,尝试need需要,需求

campaign战役,运动failure失败,不及格opportunity机会

chance机会force力,压力,要点promise许诺,希望

courage勇气intention意向,意图reason理由,原因

decision决定method方法,方式light光,光线,亮光

determination决心,决定motive动机,目的struggle奋斗,努力,

tendency倾向,趋势wish希望,愿望,祝愿

5)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next,second,last,only和nota,the等限定词时候,只能用不定式。

6)不定代词something,nothing,little,much,alot等习惯上用不定式做定语。

Johnwilldoanythingbutworkonafarm.除了农活,约翰什么都愿意干。

7)如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语,或者其形容词要求不定式做补语,则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如:tendtodo---tendencytodo;decidetodo=decisiontodo;becurioustodo=curiositytodo

Hiswishtobuyacarcametrue.他要买辆车的愿望实现了。

Theirdecisiontogiveuptheexperimentsurprisedus.

他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。

Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.

他总是第一个到来,最后一个离去。

(2)分词作定语

分词作定语时有下面几个特点:

1)现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词一般表示被动含意。

2)现在分词表示正在进行,过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。

Herushedintotheburninghouse.他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。

Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。

Theroomfacingsouthisourclassroom.朝南的房间是我们的教室。

Haveyougotyourwatchrepaired?你拿到那个修好的表了吗?

Heisanadvancedteacher.他是个先进教师。

3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语,但不具有被动意义,这点要注意:

departed,elapsed,faded,fallen,gone,frown-up,retired,returned,risen,set,vanished,much-traveled,newly-arrived,recently-come

(3)不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系

一般来说,不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后;现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如:

DoyouwanttoseethedoctortobesentforfromBeijing?

你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗?

Doyouwanttoseethedoctorworkingonthecasereportintheoffice?

你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗?

5.不定式和分词作状语的区别

(1)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。

现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。

1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。

Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.

他出去后将门随手关上。

Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.

由于不知如何办是好,他去找父母帮忙。

2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。

Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.

如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。

Facedwithdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem.

在遇到困难的时候,我们必须设法克服。

(2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别

1)分词作状语一般表示伴随,而不定式常常表示目的。

Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan.他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)

Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)

2)分词作状语放在句子开头,除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时,除了表示目的以外,还表示结果或原因。

Readingattentively,heforgotthetimeforlunch.由于在专心读书,他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)

Readingcarefully,hefoundsomethinghehadnotknownbefore.他仔细读书时,发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)

Readingcarefully,youlllearnsomethingnew.只要你仔细阅读,你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)

Hisfamilywastoopoortosupporthim.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。(结果)

Theboyisnottallenoughtoreachthebookshelf.这男孩个子不够高,手伸不到书架。(结果)

Wearegladtohearthenews.我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)

(3)下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的:

a:not/nevertoo…to,too…notto,but/onlytoo…to,tooready/eager/apt/inclinedto表示肯定意义

b:做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:find,hear,see,betold,form,give,make,produce等。

c:不定式做状语时,其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语,否则用for引导主语。

6.非谓语动词常考的其它结构

(1)疑问词+不定式结构

疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如:

Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语)

Idontknowwhattodo.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)

Thedifficultywashowtocrosstheriver.困难在于如何过河。(表语)

Icantellyouwheretogetthisbook.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语)

注)A.有时疑问词前可用介词,如:

Ihavenoideaofhowtodoit.我不知道如何做此事。

B.动词know后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语,只能跟疑问词(如:how,what)+不定式:

Whilestillayoungboy,Tomknewtoplaythepianowellandashegrewolder,hewroteoperas,themostfamousofwhichisCarmen.

(2)介词except和but作“只有…,只能…”讲时跟不定式结构(but与不带to的不定式连用)。

Whenthestreetsarefullofmeltingsnow,youcannothelpbutgettingyourshoeswet.

(3)不带to的不定式

1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有:

feel觉得observe注意到,看到overhear听到

watch注视listento听perceive察觉,感知

notice注意see看见lookat看hear听

Onseeingtheyoungchildfellintothelake,Ericsprangtohisfeet,andwentontherescue.

2)另一类是某些使役动词,如make,let,have等。如:

Lethimdoit.让他做吧。

IwouldhaveyouknowthatIamill.我想要你知道我病了。

(注):

①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to,如:

Hewasseentocome.

Theboywasmadetogotobedearly.

②在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to,如:

Hewassurprisedtofindthesheep(to)breakfenceatthisseason.他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏,感到惊讶。

3)在donothing/anything/everythingbut(except)结构中。例如:

LastnightIdidnothingbutwatchTV.昨天晚上,我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。

但是,如果谓语动词不是“donothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。

Thedoctortoldhimnothingbuttostopsmoking.医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说。

Therewasnothingforthemtodobuttoremainsilent.除了保持沉默以外,他们没有别有别的办法。

(4)不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构

1)不定式的逻辑主语为:for+名词(或代词宾格)+不定式。例如:

Ifounditimpossibleforhimtodothejobalone.我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。

(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面,常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如:

Itwaswiseofhimtodothat.他那样做是明智的。

2)动名词的逻辑主语为;①人称代词的所有格+动名词;②名词s+动名词。例如:

Tominsistedonmygoingwiththem.他坚持要我和他们一起去。

Hedislikeshiswifesworkinglate.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。

3)某些形容词,如:careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有:absurd,bold,brave,courageous,careful,careless,clever,wise,foolish,silly,stupid,good,nice,kindthoughtful,considerate,greedy,generous,honest,modest,polite,rude,cruel,selfish,wicked,wrong等

Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我太好了。

间或也可用for+theretobe表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是tobe)。

Itsagreatpityfortheretobemuchtroubleinthecompany.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。

7.非谓语动词中的有关句型

(1)动名词作主语的句型

1)Doing...+v.Readingisanart.阅读是门艺术。Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。

2)Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,abore...)等名词+doingsth.

Itisnousecrying.哭没有用。Itisnogoodobjecting.反对也没有用。

Itisagreatfunplayingfootball.打篮球很有趣。

Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain.设法解释是浪费时间。

3)Itis+useless(nice,good,interesting,expensive等形容词)+doingsth.

Itisuselessspeaking.光说没用。

Itisniceseeingyouagain.真高兴又遇到了你。

ItisgoodPlayingchessaftersupper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。

Itisexpensiverunningthiscar.开这种小车是浪费。

8.非谓语动词的特殊结构
有些非谓语形式已成为固定用语,用来表示说话人对说话内容所特的态度。
1)现在分词的独立结构 
judgingfrom/by…,generallyspeaking,strictlyspeaking

2)不定式的独立结构
totellyouthetruth,tomakethingsworse,tobegin/startwith
3)动词原形: Believeitornot(信不信由你)
4)作连词的分词considering(考虑到,就…而言),providing/provided…假如, supposing假如 这些词用来表示条件的连词,后接that从句。

独立主格结构

一、概念:
“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常称为“独立主格结构”。
二、功能:
“独立主格结构”实质就是带有自己主语的非限定状语从句。众所周知非限定性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语,从而依附于主句。而有些非限定性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语,在结构上与主句不发生关系,因此成为独立主格结构。其实,虽然叫做独立主格结构,并不是真正的独立,它还是一种从属分句,在句中有多种作用。如:表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等,在句中通常起状语作用。
三、形式:
独立主格结构在形式上有两部分组成:第一部分有名词或代词担任,第二部分由分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、或介词短语担任。按其结构形式分为:—ing分词独立主格结构;—ed分词独立主格结构;无动词独立主格结构等。
四、举例:
1、Therebeingnothingelsetodo,theygoneaway.
由于无事可做,他们离开了。(代词+-ing;表原因)
2、MissWangcomeintotheclassroom,booksinhand.
王老师走进教室,手里拿着书。(无动词结构;表伴随)
3、Theoldmansatinhischair,hiseyesclosed.
老人坐在椅子上,闭着眼睛。(名词+-ed;表状态)
4、Classover,webegantoplaybasketball.
放学了,我们开始玩篮球。(名词+副词;表时间)
5、Withoutawordmorespoken,hepickedupthepaper.
没再多说一个字,他拾起那张纸。(借此结构;表伴随)
6、Thelastguesttoarrive,ourpartywasstarted.
最后一位客人到了,我们的晚会开始了。(名词+不定式;表时间)
五、独立主格结构与分词短语作状语的异同:
1、独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转化成状语从句。但是,独立主格结构转换成状语从句后,有自己的逻辑主语,与主句的主语不一致;而分词短语转化为状语从句后,从句的主语与主句的主语相同。例:
⑴Iftimepermit,we’dbetterhavearestatthisweekend.-→Timepermitting,we’dbetterhavearestatthisweekend.
如果时间允许,本周末我们最好休息一下。
⑵Whenweseefromthetopfloor,wecanfindthegardenmorebeautiful.-→Seeingfromthetopfloor,wecanfindthegardenmorebeautiful.从顶楼上看,花园更漂亮。
2、还应该注意,分词结构的逻辑主语不是总和主句的主语一致,而是主句的其他成分。语法上称作“依着原则”;有些分词结构在句子上找不到它的逻辑主语,语法上称作“悬垂分词”。例:
⑴Lookingformywatchintheroom,ithadtakenmealongtime.在屋里找表,用了我很长时间。(依着原则)
⑵Whenplantingtheseflowers,caremustbetakennottodamagetheroot.(我们)种花时必须小心,不能碰坏花根。(悬垂分词)
六、独立主格结构与独立成分的异同:
1、有的分词短语可以独立存在,在句子中没有逻辑上的主语,实际上已经成了习惯短语。这些短语有:generallyspeaking;franklyspeaking;judgingfrom;supposing等等。
例:
⑴Generallyspeaking,theruleisveryeasytounderstand.总的来说,这个规则很容易懂。
⑵Judgingfromwhathesaid,shemustbeanhonestgirl.根据他所说的,她一定很诚实。
2、有些固定短语是带to的不定式,表明说话人的立场和态度,在句中作独立成分。这些短语有:tobehonest;tobesure;totellyouthetruth;tocutalongstoryshort;tobefrank;tomakethematterworse等等。例:
⑴Totellyouthetruth,whatIsaidatthemeetingwasnotmyopinion.说实话,我在会上说的并不是我的意见。
⑵Tomakethematterworse,helockedhiskeysinthecar.更糟糕的是,他把钥匙锁在车里了
七、非谓语动词独立主格结构
在独立主格结构中,非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
Suchanablemantohelpyou,youwillsurelysucceedsoonerorlater.
有这么能干的人来帮你,你迟早一定会成功的。(suchanableman和tohelpyou之间存在着主谓关系)
=Sincesuchanablemanwillhelpyou,youwillsurelysucceedsoonerorlater.
Heseatinghimselfatthedesk,hismotherbegantotellhimastory.
他在书桌旁坐好后,他母亲开始给他讲故事。(seatinghimselfatthedesk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he,注意是“主格”)
=Whenheseatedhimselfatthedesk,hismotherbegantotellhimastory.
Thekeytothebikelost,hehadtowalktoschool.
由于丢了自行车钥匙,他只好步行去学校。(lost的逻辑主语是thekey,lost也可以用完成式havingbeenlost)
=Becausethekeytothebikehadbeenlost,hehadtowalktoschool.
A.不定式“独立主格结构”
在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。
1.动词不定式用主动的形式
在独立主格结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
Hismothertocometonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.
他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。(=Ashismotheristocometonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.)
——willyougototheconcerttonight你今晚去听音乐会吗?
——sorry.Somanyexercise-bookstocheck,Ireallycantaffordanytime.
对不起,有这多的作业要批,我真的抽不出时间。
(=BecauseIshallchecksomanyexercise-bookstonight,Ireallycantaffordanytime.)
Thefourofusagreedonadivisionoflabour,eachtotranslateaquarterofthebook.
我们四人同意分工干,每人翻译全书的四分之一。
(=Thefourofusagreedonadivisionoflabourandeachistotranslateaquarterofthebook.)
Manytrees,flowers,andgrasstobeplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.种上许多的树,花和草后,我们新建的学校将看上去更美。(=Ifmanytrees,flowers,andgrassareplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.)
B.-ing形式“独立主格结构”
动词的-ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。
Beingill,hewenthome.
由于生病,他回家了。(=Ashewasveryill,hewenthome.)
Seatinghimselfatthedesk,hebegantoreadamagazine.
在课桌旁坐好后,他开始看杂志。(=Whenhehadseatedhimselfatthedesk,hebegantoreadamagazine.)
1.表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Everyonebeingready,theteacherbeganhisclass.
每个人都准备好后,老师开始上课。(相当于一个时间状语从句Wheneveryonewas
ready)
Thechairmanbeganthemeeting,everyonebeingseated.
每个人坐好后,主席开始开会。(相当于一个时间状语从句aftereveryonewasseated)
2.表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Theboyleadingtheway,wehadnotroublefindingthestrangecave.由那个男孩带路,我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。(相当于一个原因状语从句Becausetheboyledtheway)
Manyeyeswatchinghim,hefeltabitnervous.许多眼睛看着他,他感到有点儿紧张。(相当于一个原因状语从句Asmanyeyeswerewatchinghim)
必背:
含有being的独立主格结构。
ItbeingNationalDaytoday,thestreetsareverycrowded.今天是国庆节,街上很拥挤。
=AsitisNationalDaytoday,thestreetsareverycrowded.
Therebeingnofurtherbusinesstodiscuss,weallwenthome.没有别的事可讨论,我们都回家了。
=Astherewasnofurtherbusinesstodiscuss,weallwenthome.
3.表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Timepermitting,wewillhaveapicnicnextweek.
时间允许的话,我们下星期将进行一次野炊。(相当于一个条件状语从句Iftimepermits)
Myhealthallowing,Iwillworkfarintothenight.
我的健康许可的话,我愿工作到深夜。(相当于一个条件状语从句Ifmyhealthallows)
4.表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Thestudentsarewalkingintheschoolhappily,eachwearingacardinfrontofhischest.
学生们快乐地在学校里走着,每个人胸前都带着一张卡。(相当于一个并列分句andeachwearsacardinfrontofhischest)
Theboylayonthegrass,hiseyeslookingatthesky.
男孩躺在草地上,眼睛看着天空。(相当于一个并列分句andhiseyeswerelookingatthesky)
C.-ed形式“独立主格结构”
与逻辑主语+动词的-ing形式一样,如果-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话,就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构。
ThebookwritteninsimpleEnglish,Englishbeginnerswereabletoreadit.
该书是用简单英语写的,英语初学者也能看懂。
=AsthebookwaswritteninsimpleEnglish,Englishbeginnerswereabletoreadit.
Theworkersworkedstillharder,theirlivingconditionsgreatlyimproved.
由于工人们的生活条件大大提高,他们工作得更起劲了。
=Astheirlivingconditionsweregreatlyimproved,theworkersworkedstillharder.
Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,hiseyesfixedontheblackboard.
他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。
=Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,andhiseyeswerefixedontheblackboard.
Thetaskcompleted,hehadtwomonthsleave.
任务完成以后,他休了两个月的假。(=Whenthetaskhadbeencompleted,hehadtwomonthsleave.)
比较:
动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生,动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束,动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。
Themanagerlooksworried,manythingstosettle.经理看上去很着急,有这么多的事情要处理。(事情还没有处理,而且是由经理本人来处理,用不定式tosettle)
Themanagerlooksrelaxed,manythingssettled.许多事情已经处理好了,经理看上去很轻松。(事情已经处理好了,用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束)
Thefoodbeingcooked,theboywaswatchingTV.小孩一边做饭,一边看电视。(两个动作同时进行)
Thefoodcooked,theboywenttobed.饭做好了,小孩去睡了。(两个动作有先后,饭已做好,小孩才去睡觉的
八、with、without引导的独立主格结构
介词with/without+宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构,上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。
A.with+名词代词+形容词
Hedoesn’tliketosleepwiththewindowsopen.
他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。
=Hedoesn’tliketosleepwhenthewindowsareopen.
Hestoodintherain,withhisclotheswet.
他站在雨中,衣服湿透了。
=Hestoodintherain,andhisclotheswerewet.
注意:
在“with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中,也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式。
Withhissonsodisappointing,theoldmanfeltunhappy.
由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。
Withhisfatherwell-known,theboydidn’twanttostudy.
父亲如此出名,儿子不想读书。
B.with+名词代词+副词
Ourschoollooksevenmorebeautifulwithallthelightson.
所有的灯都打开时,我们的学校看上去更美。
=Ourschoollooksevenmorebeautifulifwhenallthelightsareon.
Theboywaswalking,withhisfatherahead.
父亲在前,小孩在后走着。
=Theboywaswalkingandhisfatherwasahead.
C.with+名词代词+介词短语
Hestoodatthedoor,withacomputerinhishand.或
Hestoodatthedoor,computerinhand.
他站在门口,手里拿着一部电脑。
=Hestoodatthedoor,andacomputerwasinhishand.
Vincentsatatthedesk,withapeninhismouth.或
Vincentsatatthedesk,peninmouth.
文森特坐在课桌前,嘴里衔着一支笔。
=Vincentsatatthedesk,andhehadapeninhismouth.
D.with+名词代词+动词的-ed形式
Withhishomeworkdone,Peterwentouttoplay.
作业做好了,彼得出去玩了。
=Whenhishomeworkwasdone,Peterwentouttoplay.
Withthesignalgiven,thetrainstarted.
信号发出了,火车开始起动了。
=Afterthesignalwasgiven,thetrainstarted.
Iwouldn’tdaregohomewithoutthejobfinished.
工作还没完成,我不敢回家。
=Iwouldn’tdaregohomebecausethejobwasnotfinished.
E.with+名词代词+动词的-ing形式
Themanfeltveryhappywithsomanychildrensittingaroundhim.
有这么多的孩子坐在他周围,那男子感到很高兴。
=Themanfeltveryhappywhenhefoundsomanychildrensittingaroundhim.
Thegirlhidherboxwithoutanyoneknowingwhereitwas.
小女孩把盒子藏了起来,没有人知道它在哪里。
=Thegirlhidherboxandnooneknewwhereitwas.
Withoutanyonenoticing,heslippedthroughthewindow.他趁没人注意的时候,从窗口溜走了。
=Whennoonewasnoticing,heslippedthroughthewindow.
F.with+名词代词+动词不定式
Thelittleboylookssad,withsomuchhomeworktodo.
有这么多的家庭作业要做,小男孩看上去很不开心。
=Thelittleboylookssadbecausehehassomuchhomeworktodo.
Thekidfeelsexcitedwithsomanyplacesofinteresttovisit.
有这么多的名胜可参观,小孩很激动。
Thekidfeelsexcitedastherearesomanyplacesofinteresttovisit.
提示:
在with/without的复合结构中,多数情况下with能省略,但without不能省略。
Withoutawordmorespoken,sheleftthemeetingroom.
她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。(without不能省略)
九、独立主格结构的句法功能
独立主格结构在句中除了能充当原因状语、时间状语、条件状语和伴随状语外,还能作定语。在形式上,“独立主格结构”可位于句首、句中或句尾,并通常用逗号与主句隔开。
A.作状语
独立主格结构作状语,其功能相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。
1.表示时间
Nightcomingon,weputourselvesupinasmallhotel.夜幕降临,我们在一家小旅馆住了下来。
(=Whennightcameon,weputourselvesupinasmallhotel.)
Alltheguestsseated,theybegantheirdinner.
所有的客人就坐后,他们才开始吃饭。
(=Whenalltheguestswereseated,theybegantheirdinner.)
Witheverythingsheneededbought,Gracetookataxihome.
所需要的都买好后,格雷斯打的回家了。
(Aftereverythingsheneededwasbought,Gracetookataxihome.)
2.表示原因
Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.
有许多难题要解决,新当选的总统日子不好过。
(=Ashehasalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.)
Therebeingnomeansoftransportation,hehadtowalkhomeatmidnight.
由于在半夜没有交通工具了,他只好步行回家。
(=Astherewasnomeansoftransportation,hehadtowalkhomeatmidnight.)
3.表示条件
Weatherpermitting,wewillholdouryearlysportsmeetingnextweek.
如果天气允许的话,我们下星期将举行每年一次的运动会。
(=Ifweatherpermits,wewillholdouryearlysportsmeetingnextweek.)
Alltheworkdone,youcanhavearest.
所有工作做好后,你可以休息。
(=Aslongasalltheworkisdone,youcanhavearest.)
Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theplanseemstobemorepractical.如果从各方面考虑,你的计划似乎更实际些。
(=Ifeverythingistakenintoconsideration,theplanseemstobemorepractical.)
提示:
表示时间、原因、条件的独立主格结构一般放在句首,并且不能保留连词。
Whenclassbeingover,thestudentslefttheirclassroom.
Class(being)over,thestudentslefttheirclassroom.下课了,学生都离开了教室。
Themoonappearingandtheycontinuedtheirway.
Themoonappearing,theycontinuedtheirway.月亮出来了,他们继续赶路。
4.表示伴随情况或补充说明
Thestrangemanwaswalkingdownthestreet,withastickinhishand.
那个奇怪的男人在街上走着,手里拿着根手杖。
(=Thestrangemanwaswalkingdownthestreet,andhecarriedastickinhishand.)
Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.
杀人犯被带了进来,手被捆在背后。
(=Themurdererwasbroughtin,andhishandsweretiedbehindhisback.)
Twohundredpeoplediedintheaccident,manyofthemchildren.
有两百人在事故中丧生,其中许多是儿童。
(Twohundredpeoplediedintheaccidentandmanyofthemwerechildren.)
B.作定语
独立主格结构作定语,其功能相当于一个定语从句。
Heisthepersonwithalotofquestionstobesettled.(with的复合结构作定语,修饰thestudent)
他就是有许多问题要解决的那个人。
=Heisthepersonwhohasalotofquestionstobesettled.
Youcanusealargeplasticbottlewithitstopcutoff.(with的复合结构作定语,修饰bottle)
你可以使用一个颈被砍掉的大塑料瓶。
=Youcanusealargeplasticbottlewhosetopwascutoff.
Hewaswalkingalongtheroadwithoutanystreetlightsonitsbothsides.
他走在一条两边没有路灯的马路上。(without的复合结构作定语,修饰theroad)
=Hewaswalkingalongtheroadthatdidn’thaveanystreetlightsonitsbothsides.
提示:
在这里我们讨论了很多用连词连接的两个句子改为独立主格结构的情况。需要提示的是,不是所有用连词的地方都可以改为独立主格结构。
Ifyoustandonthetopofthemountain,theparklooksmorebeautiful.
如果你站在山顶上,公园看上去更美。(不要改为独立主格结构)
Ifyoucheckyourtestpapercarefully,somemistakescanbeavoided.
如果你仔细检查试卷的话,有些错误是可以避免的。(不要改为独立主格结构)

(精品推荐)高考二轮复习英语学案--专题八非谓语动词和独立主格结构


一名优秀的教师在每次教学前有自己的事先计划,作为高中教师就要精心准备好合适的教案。教案可以让上课时的教学氛围非常活跃,有效的提高课堂的教学效率。那么,你知道高中教案要怎么写呢?下面是小编帮大家编辑的《(精品推荐)高考二轮复习英语学案--专题八非谓语动词和独立主格结构》,希望能对您有所帮助,请收藏。

(精品推荐)高考二轮复习英语学案--专题八非谓语动词和独立主格结构

1.(08北京)____thatshewasgoingofftosleep,Iaskedifshedlikethatlittledollonherbed.
A.SeeingB.ToseeC.SeeD.Seen
A非谓语动词see构成的短语与句子的主语I即其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,用在句首,中间与句子用逗号分开,表示伴随情况,用作伴随状语,因此用现在分词。
2.(08全国卷I)Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood____.
A.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathed
B在主系表结构中,当表语形容词为good,light,heavy,difficult等时,其后常用不定式作状语,表示时间,原因,结果等,且常用主动形式表示被动意义,因此选B。此处为特殊情况。
3.(08北京)----Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?
----Yes.But____it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.
A.tofindB.findC.tobefindingD.finding
A非谓语动词短语与主句之间用逗号隔开,作状语。根据句意:为了找到需要的信息,我不得不看完整本书的内容,表示目的。不定式常在句首作目的状语,且此处不表示动作正在进行,因此用一般式,选A。
4.(09湖南)Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit.
A.reusingB.reusedC.reusesD.tobereused
D考查动词不定时的用法。句意为:现在人们有时把他们的废物分开,以便很容易被重复利用。重新再利用是指将来发生的动作,而且是被动的。故选D。
5.(09江西)_________therightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrewtheinternationalstars.
A.GivingB.HavinggivenC.TogiveD.Given
D考查非谓语动词。如果把句子补充完整就不难看出:Iftheyaregiventherightkindoftraining,可知主语they即theseteenagersoccerplayers与give之间是被动的关系,所以用过去分词。根据主、从句主语一致可省略从句主语的原则,连词if也可省,所以得出giventherightkindoftraining,theseteenagersoccerplayers……
6.(09江西)Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlaws_____parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren.
A.forcedB.forcingC.tobeforcedD.havingforced
B考查非谓语动词的用法。现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰newlaws,相当于whichforces……...
7.(09海南)Thechildrenallturned_____thefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.
A.lookedatB.tolookatC.tolookingatD.lookat
B。句意为:当那位著名的女演员走进了教室,所有的孩子都转过头去看她。
turnto表示“转向,求助”的意思。
8.(09海南)Nowthatwe’vediscussedoutproblem,arepeoplehappywiththedecisions?
A.takingB.takeC.takenD.totake
C。考查with+宾语+宾语补足语的用法。句意为:现在,我们已经讨论了问题,是人们最满意的决定?take与thedecisions之间存在的关系是动宾关系,故用过去分词表示被动
9.(09山东)Weareinvitedtoaparty_________inourclubnextFriday.
A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holding
A考查非谓语动词的用法,由nextmonth可知时间是在将来,party是被举行,故选A。
10(09陕西)IstillremembertotheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.
A.totakeB.tobetakenC.takingD.beingtaken
D考查非谓语动词。此处非谓语动词做remember的宾语,而remember后用非谓语动词做宾语时,可以用v-ing形式,v-ing表示的动作已经完成,也可用动词不定式,表示的动作还未发生,根据后文的saw可知此处非谓语动词动作已经完成,且与逻辑主语是被动关系,用v-ing的被动式,选D。
11.(09福建)nottomisstheflightat15:20,themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry.
A.RemindingB.RemindedC.ToremindD.Havingreminded
B考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语themanager,非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系,且其表示的动作在谓语动词setout之前已经发生,非谓语动词用过去分词,选B。
12.(09福建)InApril,,PresidentHuinspectedthewarshipsinQingdao,the60thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePLANavy.
A.markingB.markedC.havingmarkedD.beingmarked
A考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语,其后有宾语,故与逻辑主语是主动关系,且表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行,用现在分词,选A。
13.(09湖南)Whenhethedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.
A.wouldopenB.openedC.hadopenedD.wastoopen
D考查非谓语动词。动词不定时的用法。句意为:当他要打开门的时候,他发现他的钥匙不见了。动词不定时表示将要发生的动作。
14.(09湖南)9.Attheageof29,Davewasaworker,inasmallapartmentnearBostonand______whattodoabouthisfuture.
A.living;wonderingB.lived;wondering
C.lived;wonderedD.living;wondered
A考查分词的用法。句意为:29岁的大卫,是一个工人,住在一间小公寓在波士顿附近,不知怎么办关于他的未来。现在分词作定语修饰aworker,and为并列连词,连接相同的成份。
依据非谓语动词各个不同类型的考查方式和特点。可以采用非谓语动词和独立主格结构的“五步骤”做题法;即非谓语动词的“五步骤”做题法:1.牢记核心意义;2.分析句子成分;3.寻找逻辑主语;4.了解时间关系;5.分析特殊情况。独立主格结构的“五步骤”:1.认识独立主格结构,建立独立主格结构概念;2.认清独立主格结构的来源,理解独立主格结构的功能;3.从逻辑主语的不同认识分词和独立主格结构作状语的区别;4.全面掌握独立主格结构的功能;5.熟悉独立主格结构的不同类型,全面掌握独立主格结构。当然并非每道题都要全面考虑以上"五步骤"有时只需通过一两个步骤即可得到答案。我相信,只要同学们在训练中严格按照这种思路去分析,就可以练就一双火眼金睛,那么,再难的考查非谓语动词和独立主格结构的试题都是可以快速得到答案的。
1.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen____it,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.
A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard
2._____andoutofbreath,wereachedthetopofthemountainandstopped_____thebeautifulscenery.
A.Tiring;toadmireB.Beingtired;admiring
C.Tired;toadmireD.Tired;admiring
3.Don’tleavethewater____whileyoubrushyourteeth.
A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun
4.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_____hishandintothepocketofapassenger.
A.putB.tobeputC.toputD.putting
5._____thediamond,hehadtolookforaplacetohideit.
A.HavingstolenB.HavingbeenstolenC.StolenD.Stealing
6.Toanswercorrectlyismoreimportantthan_____.
A.thatyoufinishquicklyB.finishingquickly
C.tofinishquicklyD.finishquickly
7.Youwillseethisproductmadeinthisfactory_____whereveryougo.
A.tobeadvertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertising
8.Themonumentwasbuiltinhonoroftheexplorerwhowasbelieved_____theriver.
A.tohavediscoveredB.tohavebeendiscovered
C.todiscoverD.havingbeendiscovered
9.——Haveyouconsidered_____yourjobasateacher?
——Yes.Ilikethejobbecauseateacherisoftenconsidered_____agardener.
A.tochange;tobeB.tochange;beingC.changing;beingD.changing;tobe
10.Mr.Greenissaid_____anexperimenttoprovethenewmethodofsolvingtheproblemwhenyoung.
A.todoB.tohavedoneC.tobedoingD.tohavebeendoing
11.Seeingthesoldierswell_____fortheflood-fight,thegeneralnoddedwithsatisfaction.
A.prepareB.preparingC.preparedD.havingprepared
12.Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback。
A.beingtied B.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied
13.Weather___,wellgooutforawalk.
A.permitted Bpermitting Cpermits Dforpermitting
14.Thespeech______alivelydiscussionstarted.
A.beingdeliveredB.wasdelivered
C.bedeliveredD.havingbeendelivered
15.______,amanwhoexpresseshimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapidly
thanamanwhosecommandoflanguageispoor.
A.OtherthingsbeingequalB.Wereotherthingsequal
C.TobeequaltootherthingsD.Otherthingstobeequal
16.Allthings______,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.
A.consideredB.beconsideredC.consideringD.havingconsidere
参考答案:
1.Dhappentohavedonesth为不定式的完成时,表示一个已经完成了的动作,强调对于现在的影响.
2.Ctiredandoutofbreath为“形容词和介词短语”在句中作状语。stoptodosth.停下来去做另外一件事
3.B非谓语动词作宾语补足语时,选项A、D表示将来可能发生的动作;B表示宾语持续性动作,根据句意选B,表示水不停地流出。
4.Dcatchsbdoingsth表示发觉或当场捉住sb在做一件事情。
5.A从动作发生的时间来看,应是先偷钻石,再找地方藏匿,故用-ing形式的完成式。
6.C题意为“正确做出答案要比快速完成更重要”。两个非谓语动词短语在形式上应保持一致。
7.Badvertise意为“为……登广告”。madeinthisfactory作定语修饰product;advertised作宾语补足语。
8.A用不定式的完成式表示动作发生在(定语)从句谓语动作之前。
9.Dconsider作“考虑”解时,后常接-ing形式(短语)作宾语;作“认为”解时,后常接含有名词、形容词或tobe的复合结构。
10B由whenyoung可知此处应该用不定式的完成式,表示此动作发生在谓语动作之前。
11.C由固定短语be(well)preparedfor可知此处应用过去分词作宾补。
12.D.with+名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.13.B.本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号,且we小写,可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构,其结构为:名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为天气允许,表主动,应用现在分词,故选B。如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为Ifweatherpermits,wellgooutforawalk.然后将if去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。
14.D句意:演讲完后,开始了热烈的讨论。把握前后主语不一致,动作发生在之前,故选答案为D.
15.A句意:在其它条件相同的情况下,表达好的人肯定要比语言能力差的人更快地取得成功,前后的主语不一致,故选答案A.
16.A考虑了方方面面之后,原来计划好的旅行不得不取消了,前后主语不一致,故答案为A。
非谓语动词内容繁多,用法复杂,是学生们在英语学习过程中的最大难点,也是高考中的必考项目。独立主格结构相对来说考查较少,但经常放在with复合结构中考查;同学们要想掌握他们的用法,轻松备战高考,快速准确地解题,不妨牢记非谓语动词和独立主格结构基本、特殊用法以及解题“五步骤”,具体内容如下:
一.非谓语动词“五步骤”
1.牢记核心意义。不定式表将来或能够,动词ing形式表主动或进行,过去分词表被动或完
2.分析句子成分。非谓语动词在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、补语以及状语。
3.寻找逻辑主语,把握,前后主语一致性和主被动关系。非谓语动词虽然在语法上没有主语,但它仍表示的是动作,因此在意义上会有一个动作的发出者,这个发出者就是它的逻辑主语。作主语补足语,表语和状语时,逻辑主语为句子的主语;作宾语补足语,逻辑主语为宾语;作定语,逻辑主语是所修饰的先行词;复合结构自带逻辑主语。如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的是主动关系,用现在分词或不定式的主动式,如果是被动关系,则用过去分词或不定式的被动式,如果表被动进行,则用现在分词的被动式或不定式的被动进行式。
4.了解时间关系。如果非谓语动词与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,用一般式;如果发生在之前,则用完成式,如果强调正在进行,则用进行时;如果动作在将来发生,则用不定式。
5.分析特殊情况。主要是指一些习惯用法,固定搭配等。
二.独立主格结构的“五步骤”
1.认识独立主格结构,建立独立主格结构概念。
最初的独立主格结构就是带逻辑主语的分词结构,它的作用相当于状语。
2.认清独立主格结构的来源,理解独立主格结构的功能。
我们清楚地看出独立主格结构作状语和分词作状语一样来源于状语从句。
3.从逻辑主语的不同认识分词和独立主格结构作状语的区别。
分词作状语和独立主格结构作状语的区别就在于逻辑主语的不同,分词的逻辑主语为主句的主语,独立主格结构的逻辑主语就是分词前边的名词或代词。
4.全面掌握独立主格结构的功能。
要将复合句或并列句改成简单句时,应注意:要根据分词和独立主格结构作状语时逻辑主语的不同情况改写句子,当复合句或并列句的主语一致时,适合改成分词作状语;当复合句或并列句的主语不一致时,适合改成独立主格结构作状语。
5.熟悉独立主格结构的不同类型,全面掌握独立主格结构。
有时将并列句或复合句改成简单句时,应注意:原句中含有be动词时,一律改成being形式,being后面为非名词时being可忽略。
独立主格结构除了分词式独立主格结构之外,还有介词、形容词、副词、不定式式独立主格结构,即带逻辑主语的介词、形容词、副词、不定式结构,可用作伴随状语、条件状语、原因状语或时间状语。
1.____theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory.
A.TothrowB.ThrownC.ThrowingD.Beingthrowing
2.____inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.
A.TowalkB.WalkingC.WalkedD.Havingwalked
3.IheartheyvepromotedTom,buthedidntmention____whenwetalkedonthephone.
A.topromoteB.havingbeenpromoted
C.havingpromotedD.tobepromoted
4.Themessageisveryimportant,soitissupposed____assoonaspossible.
A.tobesentB.tosendC.beingsentD.sending
5.____aroundtheWaterCube,wewrethentakentoseetheBirdsNestforthe2008OlympicGames.
A.HavingshownB.TobeshownC.HavingbeenshownD.toshow
6.Wehadananxiouscoupleofweeks____fortheresultsoftheexperiment
A.waitB.tobewaitingC.waitedD.waiting
7.____toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinstead.
A.FailB.FailedC.TofailD.Havingfailed
8.Itisoneofthefunniestthings____ontheInternetsofarthisyear.
A.findingB.beingfoundC.tofindD.found
9.____inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.
A.WaitingB.TowaitC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited
10.----Canthose____atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?
-----Noproblem.
A.seatB.sitC.seatedD.sat
11.Hewasbusywritingastory,only_____onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.
A.tostopB.stoppingC.tohavestoppedD.havingstopped
12.Pleaseremain______;thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.
A.seatingB.seatedC.toseatD.tobeseated
13.----theyarequiet,arentthey?
----yes.Theyareaccustomed______atmeal.
A.totalkB.tonottalkC.totalkingD.tonottalking
14.TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish______asmuchaswecan.
A.speakB.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak
15.Lucysnewjobpaidtwiceasmuchasshehadmade_____intherestaurant.
A.workingB.workC.toworkD.worked
16.Thesoldierfellasleep________.
A.withthecandleburningB.burningthecandle
C.whenhewasburningthecandleD.whenburningthecandle
17.________,theTiananmenSquarelooksmorebeautiful.
A.BeingonB.Whenbeingon
C.WithallthelightsonD.Whenitturnsonallthelights
18.____thenotice,hehadanidea.
A.WhenhewaswatchingB.WatchingC.WhenwatchingD.alltheabove
19.______thenotice,anideacametohismind.
A.WhenhewaswatchingB.WatchingC.WhenwatchingD.alltheabove
参考答案:1-5CBBAC6-10DDDCC11-15BBDCA16-19ACDA

高考英语二轮非谓语动词教案


高考英语二轮非谓语动词精讲及训练
动词不定式、分词(现在分词,过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语,所以叫做非谓语动词。
现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v+ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用,因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语,也就不受人称和数的限定,因为不是谓语,也就没有时态和语态,但这些词仍能表示动作和状态,所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系,因此也有表示主、被动的形式,同时也有自己的宾语和状语,一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语,分词短语,动名词短语)。非谓语动词在英语语法中占有特殊且重要的位置。非谓语动词形式多样,应用广泛,且在句中起着很活跃的作用,也是语法项目中的重点和难点,学好非谓语动词,才能正确进行口语和书面的交流。
(一)动词不定式:
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,如:tostudy,toplay,动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用,但仍留着动词的特征,它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语,如:tostudyhard,toplaytabletennis。
1.动词不定式的形式变化:动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。
语态式一般式完成式进行式完成进行式
主动tobuildtohavebuilttobebuildingtohavebeenbuilding
被动tobebuildtohavebeenbuild
2.动词不定式的基本用法:动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用,如:
(1)作主语:Tohelpeachotherisgood.(动词不定式作主语时,一般可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末,如:Itisgoodtohelpeachother.
(2)作表语:Myjobistodrivethemtothepowerstationeveryday.动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语,与表示将来时的be+动词不定式结构有所区别,如:Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。(句中的谓语动词为is,动词不定式tosetup…为表语,主语为plan,但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语,即动词不定式tosetup所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。)Wearetosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。(句中的aretosetup整个结构为句中谓语,主语为we,同时也是动词不定式tosetup所表示的动作的逻辑主语,即动词不定式tosetup所表示的动作是由we产生的)。
(3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语,如:Shewishestobeamusician.;②作某些形容词的宾语:可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad,sorry,afraid,pleased,determined,willing,eager,anxious,ready,sure等,如:Iamdeterminedtogiveupsmoking.;③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语,但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时,就可作介词的宾语,如:Canyougiveussomeadviceonwhattodonext?
(4)作宾语补足语,如:Tellthechildrennottoplayonthestreet.如果句中的谓语动词为see,hear,watch,notice,have,make,let等,作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去,如:Isawalittlegirlrunacrossthestreet.
(5)动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语时,须先用it作形式宾语,而将该动词不定式后置,如:Idon’tthinkitrighttodoitthatway.
(6)作定语:动词不定式作定语时,须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后,如:Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词,如:Heisthemantodependon.如果被不定式修饰的名词为place,time,way,不定式后面的介词,习惯上可以省去,如:Theoldmanislookingforaquietplacetolive.
(7)作状语:动词不定式可以作下列的状语:①目的状语:EverymorninghegetsupveryearlytoreadEnglish.为了强调不定式表示目的的作用,可在不定式前加inorderto或soasto(以便或为了),但应注意inorderto位于句首或句中均可,而soasto不能位于句首,如:ShereadsChinaDailyeverydayinorderto(soasto)improveherEnglish.将表示目的的不定式置于句首,也可强调目的的作用,如:Tomasteraforeignlanguage,onemustworkhardatit.②结果状语:Theylivedtoseetheliberationoftheirhometown.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too+形容词或副词+动词不定式,表示“足能…”的结果,如:Youareoldenoughtotakecareofyourselfnow.
3.复合结构不定式:由for+名词(或代词宾格)+动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语,这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语,如:Itisveryimportantforustogeteverythingreadyfortheharvest.当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语,这些形容词一般有good,nice,kind,wise,silly,stupid,foolish,right,wrong,careless,impolite等,如:Itisverykindofyoutohelphimeveryday.
4.疑问词+动词不定式:疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语,如:Howtopreventthemfromswimminginthisriverisaproblem.
5.动词不定式的否定式:动词不定式的否定式是由not+动词不定式构成,如:It’swrongofyounottoattendthemeeting.
6.动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系:(1)一般式:动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,但在多数情况下,是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生,如:Wedecidedtoplantmoretreesthisspring.(其后),Theyoftenwatchusplaytabletennis.(同时);(2)完成式:动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,如:Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.(3)进行式:动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中,而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,如:ShehappenedtobewritingaletterintheroomwhenIcamein.
7.动词不定式的被动语态用法:如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般就用被动语态形式,如:Whatistobedonenexthasn’tbeendecidedyet.
(二)动词-ing形式:动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征,可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。
1.-ing的形式:-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态,而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make和不及物动词go为例,将其-ing各种形式列表如下:
动词语态
形式及物动词make不及物动词go
主动语态被动语态主动语态
一般式makingbeingmadegoing
完成式havingmadehavingbeenmadehavinggone
2.-ing形式的基本用法。
(1)作主语:Seeingisbelieving.百闻不如一见。Talkingiseasierthandoing.–ing作主语时,如果其结构较长,可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的-ing后置。如:Itisn’tmuchgoodwritingtothemagain.It’snousewaitinghere.
(2)作表语:Herjobiswashingandcooking.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.
(3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语。Shelikesdrawingverymuch;②作某些短语动词的宾语。MaryisthinkingofgoingbacktoNewYork;③do+限定词(my,some,any,the等)+-ing,表示“做…事”之意,如:WeoftendoourcleaningonSaturdayafternoon.WillyoudoanyshoppingonSaturdaythisafternoon?④作介词的宾语:Hersisterisgoodatlearningphysics;⑤作形容词worth,busy等的宾语:Thisbookiswellworthreading.–ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时,要用it作为形式宾语,而将作宾语的-ing后置,如:Wefounditnogoodtalkinglikethat.Doyouthinkitnecessarytryingagain?
(4)作定语:Thesleepingchildisonlyfiveyearsold.Doyouknowthemanstandingatthegate?注:-ing形式作定语用时,如果-ing只是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是-ing短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后,-ing作定语时,被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。另外,-ing作定语用时,其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行的,如果不是同时进行的,就不能用-ing作定语,要使用定语从句,如:ThegirlwhowrotealetterthereyesterdaycanspeakEnglishverywell.
(5)作宾语补足语:Wecanseesteamrisingfromthewetclothes.注:当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时,句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语,可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see,watch,hear,observe,feel,find,have,keep等。
(6)作状语:①时间状语:SeeingTom,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofhisbrother.分词在句中作时间状语时,其前一般可加when或while,如:Whencrossingstreet,youmustbecareful.②原因状语:Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.③方式或伴随状语:MarystoodattheschoolgatewaitingforBetty.
3.主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。主动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前,一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语,并且是它所表示的动作的执行者,如:Havingansweredtheletter,shewentontoreadanEnglishnovel.
4.被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法。被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作,而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定语或状语用。如:Thetruckbeingrepairedthereisours.
5.被动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,在句中一般作状语用。如:Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.
6.-ing形式的复合结构。在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语,如:Yoursmokinganddrinkingtoomuchwilldoharmtoyourhealth.但在口语中,这种结构如作宾语用,其中的物主代词常用人称代词的宾格,名词的所有格常用名词的普通格代替,如:SheinsistedonPeter’s(orPeter)goingtherefirst.
7.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别。一般说来,表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式。表示一个具体某一次的动作时,多用动词不定式,如:Ourjobismakingsteel.Shelikesplayingthepiano,butshedoesn’twanttoplayittoday.
8.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别。-ing形式作定语用时,其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生,而动词不定式作定语时,其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。如:ThegirlwritingalettertherecanspeakEnglishverywell./Ihavethreeletterstowrite.
9.-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。(1)不定式作宾补时,其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后,如:Ihavetoldthemtocomeagaintomorrow.(2)在see,watch,hear,feel等之后,如果用-ing形式作宾补,表示其动作正在进行中,而用不带to的不定式作宾补时,不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程,如:Ihearhersingingintheroom.我听见她正在屋里唱歌。Ihearhersingintheroom.我听见她在屋里唱过歌。
10.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别。-ing形式在句作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况,而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时,一般是作目的或结果状语,如:Notreceivinghisletter,Iwrotetohimagain./Ilookedintothewindowtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.
(三)过去分词:
1.过去分词的基本用法:过去分词只有一种形式,也没有主动语态,它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时,其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者,如:
(1)作定语:过去分词作定语时,如果这个分词是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是分词短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词,就是该分词的逻辑主语,如:Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.
(2)作表语:过去分词作表语时,表示其逻辑主语所处的状态,其逻辑主语就是句中的主语,如:Theglassisbroken.这个玻璃杯是破的。注:过去分词作表语时,和动词的被动语态结构相似,但两者表达的意义不同,如:Theglasswasbrokenbymylittlebrother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词,如:crowded,devoted,discouraged,done,dressed,drunk,experienced,frightened,gone,hurt,interested,killed,known,learned,lost,pleased,satisfied,shut,surprised,tired,undressed,worried,astonished,broken,completed,covered等。
(3)作宾语补足语:过去分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语,如:WhenIopenedthedoor,Ifoundthegroundcoveredbyfallenleaves.注:动词have后的复合宾语中,宾语补足语如为过去分词,常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的,如:Ihadmybikerepairedyesterday.昨天我(找别人)把我的自行车给修了。
(4)作状语:过去分词作状语时,相当于一个状语从句,该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语,是过去分词所表示意义的逻辑宾语。为了使作状语的过去分词意义更加明确,常在分词前加when,if,while,though,as等连词,如:Seenfromthehill/Whenseenfromthehill,ourtownlooksbeautiful.;Givenmoretime/Ifgivenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.(we是该结构的逻辑主语,是give的逻辑宾语。)
独立主格:上述-ing和过去分词的用法中,-ing和过去分词在句中均有逻辑主语,但有时它们也能有自己的独立的主语,这种独立的主语,一般为名词或代词,位于其前之前,和-ing或过去分词构成独立主格。独立主格在句中一般只作状语用,而-ing和过去分词作用的形式,则要根据它们所表示的动作和句中谓语动词所表示的时间关系而定。至于独立主格中是使用-ing或是过去分词,则要根据它们的主语和其所表示的动作的主动被动关系而定,如:Thebellringing,weallstoppedtalking.注:Theworkhavingbeenfinished,shesatdowntohavearest.①独立结构中的being或havingbeen常可省去,如:Themeeting(being)over,alllefttheroom.②作伴随状语的独立结构常可用with短语来代替,如:Shereadtheletter,tearsrollingdownhercheeks./Shereadtheletterwithtearsrollingdownhercheeks.
2.-ing形式与过去分词的区别:
(1)语态不同:-ing形式表示主动概念,及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。aninspiringspeech鼓舞人心的演说;theinspiredaudience受鼓舞的听众。
(2)时间关系不同:现在分词所表示的动作一般是正在进行中的动作,而过去分词所表示的动作,往往是已经完成的动作,如:Thechangingworld正在发生的世界;thechangedworld已经起了变化的世界。
重难点剖析:
1.Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecould_______agoodcollege.
A.enterB.toenterC.enteringD.entered
陷阱:容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词could就断定此处应填动词原形enter。
分析:其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句,即在could后省略了动词do,若把句子补完整应为Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecoulddotoenteragoodcollege。即句中的不定式短语(toenteragoodcollege)是用作目的状语的,而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句:
(1)Theydidwhattheycouldtocomforther.他们尽量安慰她。
(2)Theydideverythingtheycouldtosaveherlife.他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。
(3)Hestudiesashardashecouldtocatchupwithhisclassmates.他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。
值得指出的是,这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题:
(4)Heranasfastashecould_____tocatchtheearlybus.
A.tohopeB.hopeC.hopingD.hoped
此题的答案是C不是A,其中的现在分词短语hopingtocatchtheearlybus用作伴随状语。
(5)Hespenteveryminutehecould_____spokenEnglish.
A.practiseB.topracticeC.practisingD.practised
此题答案选C,这与前面动词spent的搭配有关,即spend…(in)doingsth。若将此句补充完整,即为HespenteveryminutehecouldspendinpractisingspokenEnglish.
(6)Beforegoingabroadhedevotedallhecould____D____hisoralEnglish.
A.improveB.toimproveC.improvingD.toimproving
此题答案选D,注意两点:一是devote…to…是固定搭配,意为“把……贡献给……”;二是其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时要用动名词。
2.Heknowsnothingaboutit,sohecan’thelp_______anyofyourwork.
A.doingB.todoC.beingdoingD.tobedone
陷阱:容易误选B,根据can’thelpdoingsth这一结构推出。
分析:其实答案应选A。比较以下结构:
can’thelptodosth=不能帮助做某事
can’thelpdoingsth=禁不住做某事,情不自禁地做某事
又如下面一题,答案也是B:
Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.
AcleaningB.tocleanC.cleanedD.beingcleaned
再请看以下试题:
Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp_____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.
A.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded
此题应选C,句中的can’thelp意为“禁不住”(注意根据句意用被动形式)。
3.Allhertime_______experiments,shehasnotimeforfilms.
A.devotedtodoB.devotedtodoingC.devotingtodoingD.isdevotedtodoing
陷阱:几个干扰项均有可能误选。
分析:此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下:
(1)devote意为“致力于,献身于”,主要用devote…to…或bedevotedto,其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,故后接动词时要用动名词,不用不定式。
(2)选A错误:若将do改为doing则可以。
(3)选B正确:allhertimedevotedtodoingexperiments为独立主格结构,用作状语。
(4)选C错误:因为allhertime与devote为被动关系,故应将devoting改为devoted。
(5)选D错误:若单独看Allhertimeisdevotedtodoingexperiments,此句并没有错,但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式,所以从整体上看仍不对,假若在后一句的句首加上and或so,则可选D,或将D将中的is改为being也可选它。
请做以下类似题(答案均选A):
(1)Allthepreparationsfortheproject______,we’rereadytostart.
A.completedB.havebeencompletedC.hadbeencompletedD.beencompleted
(2)Such_______thecase,Icouldn’thelpbut______him.
A.being,supportB.was,supportC.hasbeen,supportingD.is,tosupport
比较以下各题,答案选B,因为句中使用了并列连词and:
(1)Allthepreparationsfortheproject______,andwe’rereadytostart.
A.completedB.havebeencompletedC.hadbeencompletedD.beencompleted
(2)Such_______thecase,Icouldn’thelpbut______him.
A.being,supportB.was,supportC.hasbeen,supportingD.is,tosupport
4.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,______itmoredifficult.
A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake
陷阱:容易误选C,受题干中的逗号的影响,认为是现在分词表结果的用法。
分析:其实答案应选B,句中的逗号相当于连词and或but,nottomakeitmoredifficult是对逗号前的不定式tomakelifeeasier的补充说明。此句的意思是“新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易,而不是使生活变得更困难”。两个不定式同时用以说明句子主语purpose的内容。请做以下类似试题(答案选B):
Thepurposeoftheschemeisnottohelptheemployersbut_____workforyoungpeople.
A.provideB.toprovideC.providingD.provided
5.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands______behindhisback.
A.tobetiedB.beingtiedC.tiedD.havingtied
陷阱:容易误选B。
分析:最佳答案为C。从意义上看,hands与tie的关系应属被动关系,故排除D。在A、B、C三个选项中,选项A比较容易排除,因为不定式表示将来意义,在此与语境不符。现将B和C作一比较:B为现在分词的被动式,它表示两层意义,一是表被动,二是表进行,也就是说hishandsbeingtied的实际意思是“他的手正在被捆住”,这显然与语境不符。而C为过去分词,它也表示两层意义,一是表被动,二是表示动词的完成或完成后的状态,此句中的withhishandstiedbehindhisback可视为手被捆在背后的一种状态。由此可知最佳答案为C。请看下面一题:
Anyone______tryingtotakeknivesonheardflightswouldbecaughtbythepolice.
A.findsB.foundC.beingfoundD.willfind
答案选B而不选C,其中的过去分词表示被动和完成。
比较下面两题,最佳答案是D不是A,现在分词的被动式表示被动和进行:
(1)Thecourthearsabout120casesayear;visitorsarewelcometoseeacase______.
A.arguedB.tobearguedC.tobearguingD.beingargued
(2)Thesilenceofthelibrarywassometimesbrokenbyanoccasionalcoughorbythesoundofpages_______.
A.turnedB.havingturnedC.tobeturnedD.beingturned
6.Remindme_______themedicinetomorrow.
A.oftakingB.takingC.totakeD.take
陷阱:容易误选A。受remindsbof(doing)sth这一常用结构的影响。
分析:最佳答案为C。比较以下三个结构:
remindsbof[about]sth=使某人想起某事
remindsbofdoingsth=提醒某人做过某事(暗示动作已发生)
remindsbtodosth=提醒某人去做某事(暗示动作尚未发生)
请看两个例句:
Iremindedhimofhispromise.我提醒他做过的诺言。
Mywiferemindedmeofseeingthatfilm.我妻子提醒我曾经看过那部电影。
Canyouremindmetophonehertomorrow?你明天能否提醒我给她打电话?
7.Onceyourbusinessbecomesinternational,_____constantlywillbepartofyourlife.
A.youflyB.yourflightC.flightD.flying
陷阱:几个干扰项均有可能误选。
分析:最佳答案为D。由于空格后出现了constantly这一副词,这就说明不能选B或C,因为B、C均为名词,不能受副词constantly的修饰。A和D均是可能的,因为其中有动词fly。但若选A,youfly是一个主谓结构,与其后的谓语willbe相冲突,所以只能选D,即动名词flying在此用作主语。
8.Notonlyshouldyougetused______underdifficultconditionsbutyoualsoyoupaymoreattention______yourworkwell.
A.towork,todoB.toworking,todoingC.towork,todoingD.toworking,todo
陷阱:容易误选A,认为两个空白处均应填不定式。
分析:正确答案为B,因为getusedto与payattentionto这两个结构中的to均为介词,不是不定式符号,故后接动词时要用动名词,不能动词原形。类似地,以下各结构中的to也是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时也应用动名词,而不是动词原形:
lookforwardtodoingsth盼望做某事
beopposedtodoingsth反对做某事
objecttodoingsth反对做某事
sticktodoingsth坚持做某事
getdowntodoingsth开始做某事
taketodoingsth喜欢上做某事
admittodoing承认做了某事
payattentiontodoingsth注意做某事
devoteone’stimetodoingsth把某人的时间用于(奉献于)做某事
beequaltodoingsth等于做某事,能胜任做某事
Whatdoyousaytodoingsth你认为做某事怎么样
9.Bothofmyparentsinsisted_______acomputerforme,butIdon’tthinkitisnecessary.
A.tobuyB.buyingC.onbuyingD.inbuying
陷阱:容易误选B,误认为insist后不能接不定式,但可以接动名词。
分析:答案应选C。其实,动词insist后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词,因为insist通常用作不及物动词;若语义上需接宾语,要借助介词on或upon,即用于insiston[upon](doing)sth;但它有时的确也可用作及物动词,不过其宾语通常只能是that从句,而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。如:
Heinsistedonseeingherhome.他坚持送她回家。
Iinsistedthathe(should)stay.我坚持要他留下。
10.“Doyouhaveanythingmore______,sir?”“No.Youcanhavearestordosomethingelse.”
A.typingB.tobetypedC.typedD.totype
陷阱:容易误选D,根据havesthtodo这一常用结构推出。
分析:最佳答案是B。确实,在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中,用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义,如Ihavesomeclothestowash等,即尽管其中的someclothes与其后的不定式towash具有被动关系,但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。但值得指出的是,这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系,如Ihavesomeclothestowash中的towash就是由该句主语I来完成的。而上面一题的情形有所不同,即其中的totype这一动作不是由句子主语you来完成的,而是由说话者“我”来完成的。比较:
AreyougoingtoShanghai?Doyouhaveanythingtotaketoyourson?你要去上海吗?你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗?
I’mgoingtoShanghainextweek.Ihavealotofthingstotakewithme.下个星期我要去上海,我随身要带很多东西去。
11.Shetookherson,ranoutofthehouse,_____himinthecaranddrovequicklytothenearestdoctor’soffice.
A.putB.toputC.puttingD.havingput
陷阱:容易误选B或C,误认为这考查非谓语动词的用法。
分析:正确答案选A。句中的took,ran,put,drove为四并列的谓语动词,其时态应一致。类似地如(答案选A):
Igotoutofthetaxi,_____thefareanddashedintothestation.
A.paidB.payingC.topayD.havingpaid
但是,下面一题稍有不同:
Hearingthenews,herushedout,______thebook______onthetableanddisappearedintothedistance.
A.left;lainopenB.leaving;lyingopenC.leaving;lieopenedD.left;layopened
此题答案选B,leaving在此表结果,lyingopen与其前的动词leave有关,leave后接现在分词作宾语补足语,表示使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中。
12.Thebossinsistedthateveryminute______madefulluseof______theworkwell.
A.be,todoB.was,doingC.be,doingD.was,todo
陷阱:容易误选B。
分析:其实正确答案是A。分析如下:
(1)第一空填be,是因为insisted后接that从句,从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气,其中的should也可省略。
(2)第二空要填todo,是因为此句谓语为被动语态,假若将此句转换成主动语态,则是…shouldmakefulluseofeveryminutetodotheworkwell,句中涉及makeuseof…todosth(利用……做某事)这一结构。另外,还有makethemostof(尽量利用),makethebestof(尽量利用)等短语也可能用于此类试题。请看以下类似例子:
(1)Theoldprofessortolduseverypartofthematerialsshouldbemadeuseof______thepowerstation.
A.tobuildB.buildingC.buildD.built
此题答案选A,不是B。为便于理解,可先考虑以下结构:
…makeuseofeverypartofthematerialstobuildthepowerstation
由此可见,makeuseof的宾语是everypartofthematerials,其后的不定式tobuildthepowerstation为目的状语。
(2)Doesthewayyouthoughtof_______thewatercleanmakeanysense?
A.makingB.tomakeC.howtomakeD.havingmade
13.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.
A.carriedoutB.carryingoutC.carryoutD.tocarryout
陷阱:几个干扰项均有可能误选。
分析:答案选A。此句结构较复杂,现分析如下:
(1)thattheywouldliketosee_____thenextyear是修饰名词theplan的定语从句。
(2)由于theplan与空格处的carryout有被动关系,故填过去分词carriedout。
请做以下类似试题:
(1)Whodoyouthinkyou’dlike_____withyou,aboyoragirl?
A.tohavegoB.tohavetogoC.tohavegoneD.havingtogo
在确定答案之前,我们先来看看下面这个句子:
IthinkI’dliketohaveaboygowithme.
句中的go要用原形,这是因为其前有表示使役的动词have。在此句中,假若对名词aboy提问,便可得出:
Whodoyouthinkyou’dliketohavegowithyou?
对照上面一题,答案很显然是A。
(2)Whodidtheboss_____hiscarthistime?
A.makewashB.maketowashC.makewashingD.makingtowash
在做此题之前,也请先看看下面这个句子:
ThebossmadeJackwashhiscarthistime.
假若对句中的名词Jack提问,便可得出:
Whodidthebossmakewashhiscarthistime?
由此可知上面题答案为A。
(3)YoucanneverimaginewhatgreatdifficultyIhad______yourhouseallbymyself.
A.foundB.findingC.tofindD.forfinding
此题答案选B。考查的基本结构是havegreatdifficulty(in)doingsth。
14.Howhappyweare!Theholidaywehavebeenlookingforward_______atlast.
A.tohascomeB.tohavecomeC.tohavingcomeD.hascome
陷阱:几个干扰项均有可能误选。
分析:其实正确答案是A。大家知道,短语lookforwardto意为“盼望”,其中的to是介词,而不是不定式符号,所以后接动词要用动名词,许多同学据此便选择了C。但问题是,句中介词to的宾语不是havecome,而是theholiday。正解的句子分析是:theholiday为句子主语,wehavebeenlookingforwardto是修饰主语的定语从句(介词to的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that,被省略),hascome是句子谓语。请做以下类似试题:
(1)Themanyoureferredto_____justnow.
A.comesB.comeC.comingD.came
答案选D,句子主语为theman,youreferredto为修饰theman的定语从句,空白处填came,为句子谓语。
(2)Thetheoryhesticksto______tobeofnouseinourstudies.
A.provesB.proveC.provingD.beproved
答案选A,hesticksto是修饰主语thetheory的定语从句,句子的基本结构为Thetheoryprovestobeofnouseinourstudies.
(3)Theworkhedevotedhistimeto_____worthpraising.
A.wasB.beC.beingD.been
答案选A,hedevotedhistimeto是修饰主语thework的定语从句。句子的基本结构为Theworkwasworthpraising.
(4)Ithinkthisistheveryworkthatwemustfinish____her.
A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped
答案是A。句中空格处填的动词help并不是finish的宾语,正确的句子分析是:thatImustfinish是修饰名词theverywork的定语从句,finish的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that,其后的不定式tohelpher是目的状语。
(5)Whichdoyouenjoy____yourweekend,swimmingorfishing?
A.spendingB.beingspentC.spendD.tospend
答案选D。enjoy的宾语是句首的疑问词which,不是其后的动词spending。此题中的tospend…用作目的状语。
(5)Whattheboyenjoys_____tohavearoomofhisown.
A.beingB.tobeC.isD.are
答案选C,而不选A。whattheboyenjoys是主语从句,空格处填的is为谓语动词。
(6)Nothingthathesuggested_____tobeofanyuse.
A.proveB.provedC.provingD.toprove
答案选B,而不选C。句子主语是nothing,thathesuggested是修饰主语的定语从句,suggested的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that,而不是其后的动词;句子谓语是proved。全句意为“他建议的情况没有一条是有用的。”
(7)Theoldhousewepaidavisit_____atthetopofthehill.
A.standingB.tostandC.tostandingD.tostands
答案选D。wepaidavisitto是修饰theoldhouse的定语从句,句中的stands为主句谓语。
(8)Thelifeheisnowused_____quitedifferentfromours.
A.isB.tobeC.tobeingD.tois
答案选D。句中heisnowusedto是修饰thelife的定语从句,to后的动词is是句子的谓语,句意为“他现在习惯的这种生活与我们的生活很不相同”。
(9)Theworkhepaidspecialattention_____tonothing.
A.cameB.tocomeC.tocomingD.tocame
答案选D。句中的hepaidspecialattentionto是修饰thework的定语从句,to后的动词came是句子的谓语,句意为“他特别关注的那项工作泡汤了”。
(10)Theresultwhathesaidwouldlead_____hisregretinthefuture.
A.isB.tobeC.tobeingD.towas
答案选D。句中whathesaidwouldleadto是修饰theresult的定语从句,to后的动词was是句子的谓语,句意为“他所说的话将导致的结果是他今后的后悔”。
15._______theroadroundtotherightandyou’llfindhishouse.
A.FollowB.FollowingC.TofollowD.Followed
陷阱:容易误选B或C,误认为这是非谓语动词作状语。
分析:正确答案选A。根据句中的连词and可推知它是一个并列句。假若将此题改为下面这样,则答案为B:
_______theroadroundtotheright,you’llfindhishouse.
A.FollowB.FollowingC.TofollowD.Followed
但是,若改成下面一题这样,则答案为C(不定式短语表目的):
_______theroadroundtotheright,theblindmanaskedaboytoguidehim.
A.FollowB.FollowingC.TofollowD.Followed
请做以下试题,答案均选A,都是因为句中的并列连词and(填空句为祈使句):
(1)_______tothetopofthehill,andyoucanseethewholeofthetown.
A.GetB.TogetC.GettingD.Havinggot
(2)______themilkandsetagoodexampletotheotherchildren.
A.DrinkB.TodrinkC.DrinkingD.Havingdrinking
(3)______me,andthentrytocopywhatIdo.
A.WatchB.WatchingC.TowatchD.Havewatching
(4)_____throughthisbookandtellmewhatyouthinkofit.
A.LookB.LookingC.TolookD.Havinglooked
(5)_____itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.
A.LeaveB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Whenleft
有时不用连词连接句子,而用破折号,情况也是一样(答案均选A)。如:
(6)_____downtheradio—thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.
A.TurnB.TurningC.toturnD.Tohaveturned
(7)_____someofthisjuice—perhapsyouwilllikeit.
A.TryB.TryingC.TotryD.Tohavetried
以下各题也应选A,是因为句中的从属连词when,before,until等(填空句为祈使句):
(8)______himenoughtimetogethomebeforeyoutelephone.
A.GiveB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given
(9)______leftwhenyougettotheendofthestreet.
A.KeepB.KeepingC.TokeepD.Kept
(10)______yourhandoveryourmouthwhenyoucough.
A.PutB.PuttingC.ToputD.Tobeputting
(11)______untilthelightshaveturnedtogreen.
A.WaitB.TowaitC.WaitingD.Havingwaited
(12)______thepiecesofclothwithaloosestitchbeforefinallysewingthemtogether.
A.JoinB.TojoinC.JoiningD.Joined
以下各题也应选A,因为填空句为祈使句:
(13)Idon’twanttolistenalongstory—just_____metheresult.
A.tellB.tellingC.totellD.tobetelling
(14)Whystandtherewatching—_____andhelpus!
A.comeB.comingC.tocomeD.tobecoming
(15)Don’twasteyourmoneyonsillythings—______it.
A.saveB.tosaveC.savingD.havingsaved
(16)First______thericebywashingit,then______itinboilingwater.
A.prepare,cookB.preparing,cookingC.preparing,cookD.prepare,cooking
(17)Totesteggs,_____theminabowlofwater:iftheyfloatthey’rebad,iftheysinkthey’regood.
A.putB.puttingC.toputD.tobeputting
但是请注意,类似下面这样的题目情形有所不同,所填部分为目的状语(用不定式,即答案选B):
(18)______Frenchwell,shewenttoFrancetolivewithhiscousins.
A.StudyB.TostudyC.StudyingD.Havingstudied
(19)_____lateinthemorning,Mr.Smithturnedoffthealarm.
A.SleepB.TosleepC.SleepingD.Havingslept
(20)______thefliesout,wehadtoshutallthedoorsandwindows.
A.KeepB.TokeepC.KeepingD.Havingkept
(21)______theirservice,theworkersofthehotelareactiveinlearningEnglish.
A.ImprovingB.ToimproveC.ImproveD.Havingimproved

1.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman______hishandintothepocketofapassenger.
A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting
2.Whenyou’relearningtodrive,_______agoodteachermakesabigdifference.
A.haveB.havingC.andhaveD.andhaving
3.Ifeltitagreathonour______tospeaktoyou.
A.toaskB.askingC.tobeaskedD.havingasked
4.Iwouldlove_______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.
A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone
5.Beforeyoudecidetoleaveyourjob,_______theeffectitwillhaveonyourfamily.
A.considerB.consideringC.toconsiderD.considered
6.Robertissaid_______abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.
A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying
7.ItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_______.
A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit
8.Anyone_______bags,boxes,orwhatever,wasstoppedbythepolice.
A.seencarryB.seencarryingC.sawtocarryD.sawcarrying
9.MrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_______someschoolsforpoorchildren.
A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup
10.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_______.
A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught
11.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_______theflower-linedgarden.
A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin
12.Totesteggs,_______theminabowlofwater:iftheyfloatthey’rebad,iftheysinkthey’regood.
A.putB.puttingC.toputD.tobeputting
13.“WhereisDavid?”“Heisupstairs______readytogoout.”
A.togetB.gettingC.tobegettingD.havinggot
14.“Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?”“________enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.”
A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.tobegetting
15.Hewasreadinghisbook,completely_______totheworld.
A.lostB.losingC.toloseD.tohavelost
16.Welookedeverywhereforthekeys,buttheyarenowhere_______.
A.tofindB.tohavefoundC.tobefoundD.beingfound
17.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_______.
A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotdo
18.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_______inthekitchen.
A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked
19.Findinghercarstolen,_______.
A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchingthoroughly
C.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp
20.“Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?”“Thekey______theproblemistomeetthedemand______bythecustomers.”
A.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made
21.“WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?”“_______hernewbike.”
A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing
22.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_______nothingcanbedonetochangeit.
A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun
23.Though________money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.
A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin
24.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_______totheparty.
A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited
25.ThoughIhaveoftenheardthissong_______.Ihaveneverheardyou_______it.
A.beingsung,sangB.sang,singingC.sung,singD.tobesung,tosing
26.Heisamanoffewwords,andseldomspeaksuntil_______to.
A.spokenB.speakingC.speakD.bespoken
27.WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson_______.
A.tosendB.forsendingitC.tosendittoD.forsendingitto
28._______ontime,thismedicinewillbequiteeffective.
A.TakingB.BeingtakenC.TakenD.Havingtaken
29.Thefilmstarwalkedtohiscar,______acrowdofjournalists.
A.followedbyB.followingbyC.tofollowD.tobefollowedby
30.Afterdescribingtheplannedimprovements,shewenton_______howmuchtheywouldcost.
A.toexplainB.explainingC.tobeexplainingD.havingexplained
31.Pleaseexcuseme_______yourletterbymistake.
A.toopenB.tohaveopenedC.foropeningD.inopening
32.Pleaseremember_______theplantswhileI’maway.
A.wateringB.tobewateringC.towaterD.beingwatering
33.CertainlyIpostedyourletter—Iremember______it.
A.postingB.topostC.tobepostingD.haveposted
34.Stop_______metohurryup.Icanonlygosofast.
A.totellB.tellingC.tohavetoldD.havingtold
35.Remember_______offthelightwhen_______tobed.
A.turning,goingB.toturn,togoC.turning,togoD.toturn,going
36._______time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.
A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given
37._______in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.
A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedFoundedD.Founding
38.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe________.
A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars
39.Thepicture_______onthewallispaintedbymynephew.
A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung
40.Withalotofdifficultproblems________,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.
A.settledB.settingC.tosettleD.beingsettled
41.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.
A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen
42.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_______totheparty.
A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited
43.“Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?”“I’dliketohavethispackage_______.”
A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed
44.Whathavewesaid_______hersohappy?
A.makesB.tomakeC.madeD.hasmade
45.Whatworriedthechildmostwas______tovisithismotherinthehospital.
A.hisnotallowingB.hisnotbeingallowedChisbeingnotallowedD.havingnotbeingallowed
46.“Whichsweaterisyours?”“Theone_______No.9.”
A.thatmarkedB.wasmarkedwithC.whichmarkedD.markedwith
47.Ifthecarwon’tstart,_____it.
A.trypushB.trypushingC.totrypushingD.totrytopush
48.Theystayedupuntilmidnight_____theoldyearoutandthenewyearin.
A.andsawB.toseeC.seeingD.forseeing
答案与解析:
1.选D。catchsbdoingsth意为“碰上某人在做某事”或“逮住某人做某事”。
2.选B。这是一个含when引导时间状语从句的主从复合句,havingagoodteacher在主句中用作主语。
3.选C。句中的it为形式主语,不定式tobeaskedtospeaktoyou为真正主语,因“我”与ask为被动关系,故用被动式。
4.选B。like和love后接不定式或动名词均可,但wouldlove/like后只能接不定式,据此可排除选项C、D。表示过去未曾实现的愿望,其后要接不定式完成式,即选B。
5.选A,before引导的是时间状语从句,填空句为主句,而此主句为一祈使句,故动词用原形。其中itwillhave…为修饰名词theeffect的宾语从句。
6.选A。根据句中的studied可知,他曾到国外留过学,也就是说“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作(issaid)之前,故用完成式,即选A。
7.选C。dowith与what连用可以表示“处置”、“放置”、“利用”等。如:
WhatshallIdowithit?怎样处置它好呢?
Whathaveyoudonewithmyumbrella?你把我的雨伞放到哪里去了?
Idon’tknowwhattodowiththisstrangeobject.我不知道这怪东西有什么用。
8.选B。anyoneseencarryingbags…为anyonewhowasseencarryingbags之略,其中过去分词短语seencarryingbags…用作定语修饰代词anyone。另外,句中的whowasseencarryingbags为seesbdoingsth这一结构的被动式。
9.选B。devote…to…的意思是“把……贡献给……”或“致力于……”,其中to是介词,不是不定式符号,若后接动词要用动名词。句中的hehad为定语从句,用以修饰all,注意不将hadto视为同一个语义结构。
10.选C。leadto意为“导致”,其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,若后接动词要用
动名词。由于逻辑主语thethief与catch为被动关系,故答案选C。
11.选D。lookforwardto意为“期盼”,其中to是介词,后接动词要用动名词。注意不能选B,因为payavisit不能带theflower-linedgarden作宾语,假若在payingavisit后加上介词to,则可选B。
12.选A。句首的totesteggs为目的状语,填空句为祈使句谓语,故要用动词原形。
13.选B。现在分词短语表伴随。
14.选C。togetenoughproteinandnutrition表目的。
15.选A。(be)losttosth为习语,意为“不再受某事物的影响”、“将某事物置之度外”。
16.选C。因keys与find是被动关系。
17.选A。不定式的否定式总是将否定词not置于不定式符号to之前,而不能置于其后,同时结合tellsb(not)todosth这一结构可排除选项C、D。当不定式的动词是前面已出现过的相同的动词时,为避免重复,通常省略该不定式而只保留不定式符号to。
18.选B。find后可接现在分词(表示动作在进行)或过去分词(表被动关系)作宾语补足语,但是不接不定式。另外,由于he与smoke是主动关系,故选B。
19.选D。非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子主语。比较四个选项,findinghercarstolen的逻辑主语显然是she,而不是apoliceman,thearea,it等,故选D。
20.选B。thekeyto…意为“……的关键”,其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,若后接动词要用动名词。另一方面,名词demand与make是被动关系(makedemands提出要求),同时根据句中的bythecustomers,可确定答案选B。
21.选C。答句是针对疑问词what的回答,而问句中的疑问词what在句中用作主语,所以答句也应是一个能用作主语的东西,比较四个选项,只有C合适。其完整回答形式为LosinghernewbikemadeMarysoupset.比较,下面一题要填不定式,因为四个选项中只有Tochooseanewchairman能回答疑问词why:
“Whywasaspecialmeetingcalled?”“______anewchairman.”
A.ChooseB.Choosing
C.TochooseD.Chosen
22.选D。由于theresearch与begin是被动关系,故用过去分词begun。Oncebegun可视为onceitisbegun之省略。
23.选C。由于hisparents与lackmoney(缺钱)是主动关系,故用现在分词,又因为lack是及物动词,故后接宾语无需用介词,故选C。
24.选D。非谓语动词的否定式要将否定词not放在整个非谓语动词之前,据此可排除A、C。另外,由于Tony与invite是被动关系,故选D。
25.C。第一空填sung,因为song与sing是被动关系;第二空填sing,因为you与sing是主动关系。
26.选A。untilspokento可视为untilheisspokento之略。
27.选C,不定式短语tosenditto用作状语,修饰其前的名词theperson。注意句尾的介词to不能省略,因为被修饰的名词theperson为介词to的逻辑宾语。
28.选C。thismedicine与动词take为被动关系,故用过去分词。
29.选A。从句意上看,人群跟在明星后面,反过来,明星便是被人群跟着。
30.选A。goondoingsth=继续做同一事情,goontodosth=做完某事后续继做某事。
31.选C。excusesbfordoingsth意为“原谅某人做了某事”。
32.选C。rememberdoingsth=记住曾经做过的事,remembertodosth=记住要做的事。
33.选A。rememberdoingsth=记住曾经做过的事,remembertodosth=记住要做的事。
34.选B。根据下文的Icanonlygosofast知前文应是叫对方不要老催自己快走。比较:stopdoingsth=停止做某事,stoptodosth=停下正在做的事去干另一事。
35.选D。一是分清以下两个结构:remembertodosth=记住做某事,rememberdoingsth=记住曾做过某事;二是注意whengoingtobed相当于whenyougotobed。
36.选D。由于动词give与其逻辑主语he是动宾关系,故用过去分词,即选D。其中Giventime可视为Ifheisgiventime之略。
37.C。由于Harvard(哈佛大学)与found(建立)是被动关系,且因句中有in1636,故选C。注意不能选B,否则前后两句之间缺少必要的连词。
38.选D,由于remain为不及物动词,所以包含过去分词remained的A和C不宜选(因为两者均含有被动意味);选项B也不宜选,不定式toremain用作修饰20dollars的后置定语,由于彼此之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,故不妥(因为remain不及物)。现在分词remaining的意思是“剩下的“。
39.选B。动词hang表示“悬挂”时,可用作及物或不及物动词,此处填hanging或hung均可,但不能填beinghung,因为它表示动作正在进行,而此处表示的是一种悬挂的状态。
40选C。“with+名词+不定式”的意思是“有……要……”。又如:
Ican’tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash.要洗这些衣服,我无法出去了。
WithsuchgoodcardrestocarryouttheParty’spolicywefeelsafe.有这样的好干部执行党的政策,我们感到放心。
41.选B。remain作“尚需”解,是连系动词,其后要接不定式作表语。由于see与it(形式主语,指whethertheywillenjoyit)是动宾关系,因此用不定式的被动式。
42.选D。否定词not应放在动名词之前,故排除A、C;又因为Tony与invite是被动关系,故选D。
43.选D。“have+名词或代词+过去分词”结构在此表示“请某人做某事”。
44.选B。tomakehersohappy是结果状语。注意词序Whathavewe…,不是Whatwehave…。比较下面一题(答案选D):
Whatwehavesaid________hersohappy.
A.makesB.tomake
C.madeD.hasmade
45.选B。否定词not应放在-ing形式之前,逻辑主语his之后,由此可排除C和D;又因为thechild与allow是被动关系,故选B。
46.选D。markedwith可视为whichismarkedwithNo.9之略。
47.选B。注意句首为if引导的条件状语从句,填空句为祈使句,故第一个动词应是try,不应是totry;另外,trydoingsth的意思是“做某事试试看有何效果”。
48.选B。不定式表目的。

1.—Canyourideahorse?—No,Ineverhadthechance____.
A.forlearningitB.forlearninghowC.howtolearnitD.tolearnhow
2.Paulsaid,“Givemeachair_____.”
A.tositB.sitC.sitonD.tositon
3.Irantoofast______whereIwasgoing.
A.tonoticeB.formetonoticeC.tonoticeformeD.andnotice
4.—Haveyouenjoyedyourvisithere?—Yes,I’llbeverysorry______.
A.forleavingB.ofleavingC.toleaveD.withleaving
5.—I’llhelpyouwheneveryouneedme.—Good.I’dlike_____metomorrow.
A.youhelpingB.thatyouwillhelpC.youtohelpD.thatyouhelp
6.—Ididn’thearyoucomeinlastnight.—That’sgood.Wetried_____noisy.
A.notbeB.nottobeC.tobenotD.tonotbe
7.Becauseofairpollutionbeinggreatlyreduced,thiscityisstill______.
A.agoodplacewhichtobelivedinB.livedasagoodplace
C.agoodplacetoliveinD.livinginasagoodplace
8.—Whywastheofficialmeetingcalled?—______newofficers.
A.SelectB.SelectingC.ToselectD.Forselecting
9.—Wheredidhego?—Hewenttoanotherstore______.
A.tobuypencilsB.forbuyingpencilsC.buypencilsD.buyingpencils
10.—Mybabyhasahearttrouble.—Didthedoctorfinditdifficult______?
A.intreatingB.treatingC.fortreatingD.totreat
11.—Didthejudgeaskyoumanyquestions?—Yes,and______.
A.theyweredifficulttobeansweredB.toanswerthemwastobedifficult
C.theyweredifficulttoanswerD.theyhaddifficultyinanswering
12.Thatbeggarseems_____anythingyesterday.
A.nottohaveeatenB.nottoeatC.didn’teatD.tonothaveeaten
13.Thelostchilddesirednothingbut_____home.
A.goB.togoC.goingD.went
14.Thatboxis____.
A.tooheavyformetocarryB.tooheavyformetocarryit
C.soheavyformetocarryD.veryheavyformetocarry
15.Wouldyoube______todomeafavour,please?
A.sokindasB.tookindC.askindasD.enoughkind
16.TolearntospeakEnglishwell,_____.
A.muchpracticeisneededB.oneneedsmuchpractice
C.muchpracticeisneededbyoneD.oneisneededmuchpractice
17.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident______losehisjob.
A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto
18.LastsummerItookacourseon______.
A.howtomakedressesB.howdressesbemadeC.howtobemadedressesD.howdressestobemade
19.Thehouseisnotlargeenough____.
A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forliving
20.Nobodylikes______.
A.tospeakillofB.tobespokenillofC.speakingillofD.spokenillof
21.Iknowhim______agoodfootballplayerwhileincollege.
A.tohavebeenB.tobeC.wasD.hadbeen
22.Iwassurprised______.
A.watchinghimtoeatsoquicklyB.watchhimeatsoquickly
C.watchinghimeatsoquicklyD.towatchhimeatsoquickly
23.Mr.Whitewasseen______thePalaceMuseum.
A.enterB.toenterC.enteredD.toentering
24.IsawMary____thehouse.
A.openthedoorandgointoB.toopenthedoorandtogointo
C.openthedoorandtogointoD.openthedoorandwentinto
25.Pauldoesnothingbut_____alldaylong.
A.playB.toplayC.playingD.played
26.Nowwecouldnotdoanythingbut______forhimhere.
A.waitedB.waitingC.towaitD.wait
27.Idon’tknowherandIdon’t______.
A.wantB.wanttoC.wantitD.towant
28.—Gotothetheatrewithme,willyou?—Ishouldlike______,butIdon’thavetime.
A.toB.tooC.todoD.togoto
29.Toplayfairisasimportantas______.
A.toplaywellB.playwellC.weplaywellD.playingwell
30.Itisthegreatesthappinessonearth______.
A.lovingandtobelovedB.toloveandbeingloved
C.toloveandtobelovedD.loveandbeloved
31._____isbettertolovethan_____.
A.That,tobelovedB.That,belovedC.It,belovedD.It,tobeloved
32.It’sveryfoolish_____it?
A.foryoutosayB.ofyoutosayC.withyousayingD.inyoursaying
33.It______metwohourstofindyournewhouse.
A.costB.tookC.spentD.used
34.Wedidnotexpectouroffer_____soquickly.
A.rejectedB.torejectC.toberejectedD.rejecting
35.Hetoldher______thereatonce.
A.getB.getsC.shouldgetD.toget
36.Weallthinkitmostfoolish______thismistake.
A.foryoumakingB.ofyoutomakeC.youtomakeD.foryoutomake
37.Ireallydon’tknow____.
A.toswimB.howtoswimC.toswimhowD.howswim
38.—WhatdoyouthinkaboutEnglish?—It’sadifficultlanguage_____
A.speakingB.tobespokenC.tospeakD.spoken

1~5DDACC6~10BCCAD11~15CABAA16~20BBAAB
21~25ADBAA26~30DBAAC31~35DBBCD36~38BBC

1.Aliensaidthathistripwas_______.
A.interestedB.interestC.interestingD.ofinterest
2.Wecan’tunderstand______adecisionuntilitistoolate.
A.himtopostponetomakeB.hispostponingtomake
C.himtopostponemakingD.hispostponingmaking
3.Icouldn’tunderstand______atthepoorchild.
A.youtolaughB.youlaughC.whylaughD.youlaughing
4.It’snouse______withhim.Youmightaswell______withastonewall.
A.arguing,argueB.toargue,arguingC.arguing,arguingD.toargue,argue
5.Itisnogood______today’sworkfortomorrow.
A.toleaveB.leavingC.thatyouleaveD.leave
6.Theoldman’s______pityonthesnakeledtohisowndeath.
A.takeB.takingC.beingtakenD.have
7.It’sverykind______you______sayso.
A.of,toB.for,toC.to,toD.of,/
8.Somepeople’sgreatestpleasureis______.
A.fishingB.tofishC.tobefishD.beingfishing
9.Remember______thebook,whenyouhavefinishedit.
A.puttingbackB.havingputbackC.toputbackD.willputback
10.Youdidn’thearuscomebacklastnight.That’sgood.Wetried______noisy.
A.tonotbeB.nottobeC.beingnotD.notbeing
11.Thoughhefailed,hetried_______itagainandagain.
A.todoB.doingC.doD.done.
12.You’llregret______thosewords.Youmayhurtherfeelings.
A.sayB.tosayC.havingsaidD.tohavesaid
13.Youcankeepthebookuntilyou______.
A.havefinishedreadingB.finishtoread
C.willfinishreadingD.havefinishedtoread
14.Wearelookingforwardto______anotherchance______itagain.
A.begiven,totryB.give,totryC.giving,tryingD.having,totry
15.Mostofthestudentsenjoy_____stamps.
A.collectB.tocollectC.collectingD.collected
16.Excusemefor_____inwithout______.
A.coming,askingB.coming,beingasked
C.tocome,askingD.tocome,beingasked
17.Peoplecouldn’thelp______thefoolishgirl.
A.laughatB.tolaughatC.laughingatD.laughing
18.“Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?”“Oh.excellent,it’sworth_______asecondtime.”
A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread
19.“Iusuallygotherebytrain.”“Whynot______byboatforachange?”
A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing
20.Iwastooexcited______.
A.speakB.tospeakC.nottospeakD.speaking
21.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered______thefirstcomputer.
A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented
22.Itisnouse_____tocomenow.Heisbusy.
A.askhimB.toaskhimC.thatyouaskhimD.askinghim
23.Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands_______behindhisback.
A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied
24.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter____afterdrinking.
A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdriviD.neverdrive.
25.Thecomputercentre,______lastyearisverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.
A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened.
26.Doyouknowtheboy_______underthebigtree?
A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying
27.Mostoftheartists______totheparty‘werefromSouthAfrica.
A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited
28.Englishisalanguage______inmanycountries.
A.spokenB.speakingC.bespokenD.tospeak
29.“Canyouread?”Marysaidtothenotice.
A.angrily,pointingB.andpointangrily
C.angrily,pointedD.andangrilypointing
30.Therewasaterriblenoise_______thesuddenburstofTight.
A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed
31.____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven
32._____theirstudents,thefamousteachercameintothehall.
A.FollowedB.Followedby
C.BeingfollowedD.Havingbeenfollowed
33.Yourflatneeds_____.Wouldyoulikemeitforyou?
A.toclean,todoB.cleaning,doing
C.cleaning,todoD.tobecleaned,doing
34.Doesyournewsecretary____shorthand?
A.knowtotakeB.knowhowtotakeC.knowhowtakeD.knowhowtaking
35.Tommyhadhisbigbrother_____hisshoesforhim.
A.totieB.tieC.tiedD.tying
36.Wouldyouplease______writeonthetextbooks?
A.don’tB.nottoC.notD.tonot
37.I’d______theoperationunlessitisabsolutelynecessary.
A.rathernothaveB.rathernottohaveC.notratherhadD.rathernothaving
38.YourmotherandIarelookingforward________you.
A.ofseeingB.forseeingC.toseeD.toseeing
39.Thegirlcouldn’t_____howredhisfacewas.
A.helptonoticeB.behelpingtonoticeC.behelpingnoticingD.helpnoticing
40.Excuseme,butitistimetohaveyourtemperature______.
A.takingB.totakeC.takeD.taken
答案
1~5CDDAB6~10BAACB11~15BCADC16~20BCCDB21~25CDDAD26~30DAAAB31~35ABCBB36~40CADDD

1.Thereisnoquestionof_____abletofinishithimself.
A.TomwasB.Tom’sbeingC.Tom’sbeD.Tomis
2.Thenewshoppingcenter_____nowwillbeputintousebytheendofthisyear.
A.builtB.bebuiltC.beingbuiltD.tobebuilt
3.“Haveyouhadsupper?”“Notyet.Themeal_____.”
A.arebeingcookedB.isbeingcookedC.iscookedD.arecooked
4.“I’mglad______youhereinthehotel.”“It’smygreatpleasuretohaveyou______us.”
A.meeting,toB.tohavemet,withC.havingmet,amongD.tomeet,of
5.I’mafraidIcan’tmakemyself_____inEnglish.
A.understandingB.understandC.tobeunderstoodD.understood
6.Althoughinahurry,Wilson______.
A.couldn’tstopwalkingB.couldn’thelpthestranger
C.stoppedtohelpthestrangerD.didn’tanswerthestranger
7.Janetiseasy_____.
A.forgettingalongwithB.bygettingalongwithC.togetalongwithD.gotalongwith
8.Don’tforget______thelightwhenyouleave.
A.turnoffB.toturnoffC.turningoffD.turnedoff
9.Themotherisveryglad;herbabyisbeginning______.
A.understandingwhatshemeansB.tounderstandthatshemeant
C.tounderstandwhatshemeansD.noticingwhatshemeans,
10.Ithinkthisstoryis_____.
A.worthbeingreadB.worthreadingC.worthtoreadD.worthofreading
11.Thisscientistisaman______praise.
A.worthtoB.worthytobeC.worthyofD.worth
12.Idon’twant______anymoretrouble,yousee?
A.therebeingB.ittobeC.itbeingD.theretobe
13.Whenshereturnedhome,shefoundthewindowopenandsomething______.
A.stealingB.missedC.stolenD.tosteal
14.Strictly_____,itisn’tworththepriceyouareasking.
A.tospeakB.speakingC.speakD.spoken
15.Time______,they’llcomeheretowatchus______football.
A.permitted,playingB.permitted,toplayC.permitting,playD.permitting,toplay
16.Themanwasseen_____intothecourtyard.
A.stealingB.stolenC.bestealingD.hadstolen
17.Bobshouldlove_____tothepartytomorrowevening.
A.takingB.tobetakenC.totakeD.beingtaken
18.Tomhadnochoicebut____theclassroomwithhisclassmates.
A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleans
19.Mr.Brownsaidthathiscarneeded
A.toberepairedB.beingrepairedC.berepairingD.torepair
20.Theoldmandidn’tknowwhethertosellthecaror____.
A.beingkeptforlateruseB.keptforlateruse
C.tokeepitforlateruseD.tobekeptitforlateruse
21.Thenoiseofthedesks_____couldbeheardinthenextclassroom.
A.beingopenedandclosedB.openedandclosed
C.havingbeenopenedandclosedD.tobeopenedandclosed
22.Iremember_____someone____theumbrellaaway.
A.tosee,takeB.havingseen,totakeC.tosee,totakeD.havingseen,take
23.Shewasnoticed______theshop.
A.toenterB.enterC.havingenteredD.entered
24.Icouldn’thelp_____whenIheardthejoke.
A.beinglaughedB.laughingC.tobelaughingD.tolaugh
25._____,sheburstintotears.
A.DeeplymovedB.Deeplymoving
C.AsshedeeplymovedD.Asshewasdeeplymoving
26.Theproblemrequires______.
A.studyingwithgreatcareB.tostudycarefully
C.tobestudiedwithoutcarelessnessD.takinggreatcareofstudyingit
27._____carelessly,theboymademistakeshereandthere..
A.beingwrittenB.WroteC.WriteD.Writing
28.Hewouldrather______hisparentswiththeirhouseworkthan_____outtoplaygames.
A.tohelp,togoB.help,goC.help,togoD.tohelp,go
29.Theboyhadhisleg_____while____football.
A.broken,playingB.break,playC.broken,playedD.broke,wasplaying
30.Havingfinishedthework,_____.
A.itwasalmostsixo’clockB.apostmancameanddeliveredtheeveningpaperandsomeletters
C.supperhadbeenalreadypreparedD.wehadarestandthenhadsupper
31.Heisill.Hehaskept_____.
A.coughingallalongB.tocoughatnightC.coughsinceyesterdayD.beingcougheddayandnight
32.Itisnouse____without_____.
A.totalk,doingB.taking,beingdoneC.talking,doingD.beingtalked,beingtodo
33.“Iusuallygotherebyboat.”“Whynot_____bytrainforachange?”
A.trygoingB.totrygoingC.tryingtogoD.totryandgo
34._____,shefeltquiteshyattheparty.
A.AssheastrangerB.BeingastrangerC.AccordingtoastrangerD.Shelikeastranger
35.Everymorninghegetsupearlyandpractises______andthen_____toschool.
A.toreadEnglish,goB.readingEnglish,going
C.readingEnglish,goesD.ofreadingEnglish,goes
36.While_____footballontinplayground,Ifound‘mykeys______.
A.playing,lostB.play,losingC.played,beinglostD.havingplayed,lost
37.____thesamemistakesagainmadehisparentsveryangry.
A.HishavingmadeB.HehasmadeC.HehadmakingD.Himmaking
38.Dickmadeit______toallhisfriends.
A.toknowB.knownC.knowD.knowing
39.Annaspendsonehouraday_____spokenEnglish.
A.practiseB.topractiseC.onpractisingD.inpractising
40.Noonewassurprisedat_____theexamination.
A.hepassingB.hispassC.himpassD.hispassing
41.Althoughswimmingishisfavouritesport,yethedoesn’tlike_____today.
A.toswimB.swimmingC.swimD.tohaveswim
42.Shesatatthedeskandsetabout_____alettertoherfriend.
A.towriteB.writingC.writeD.written
43.Thissoupiscold;itneeds_____.
A.toheatB.tobeheatedC.beinghotD.heated
44.Iwent______aballoonbutIdidn’tseeanyone_____balloons.
A.tobuy,tosellB.tobuy,sellingC.buying,sellingD.buying,tosell
45.Annaisoftenheard_____songsinherroom
A.sungB.singingC.singD.tosing
46.Themoreyoupractise______English,thebetteryour_____Englishwillbe.
A.tospeak,speakingB.speaking,spokenC.spoken,spokenD.spoken,speaking
答案
1~5BCBBD6~10CCBCB11~15CDCBC16~20ABAAC21~25ADABA26~30ADBAD
31~35ACABC36~40AABDD41~46ABBBDB

高考英语二轮专题复习7非谓语动词


非谓语动词

1.不定式的时态和语态;
2.不定式的功能:不定式的形容词性功能、不定式的副词性功能、不定式的名词性功能;
3.不定式的省略;
4.不定式的否定形式;
5.不定式的搭配形式;
6.独立主格结构;
7.v-ing分词名词性功能;
8.v-ing分词形容词性功能;
9.v-ing分词副词性功能;
10.过去分词与现在分词一般式的区别;
11.过去分词与现在分词主动完成式的区别;
12.过去分词与现在分词一般被动式的区别;

I.概述
1.基本形式的变化:
不定式:
时态主动态被动态
一般式todotobedone
进行式tobedoing
完成式tohavebuilttohavebeenbuilt
Johnsaidthathehadruninordertocatchthebus.(一般式的主动态)
Hehatedtobemisunderstoodbyothers.(一般式的被动态)
Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.(进行式)
Heintendedtohavetoldyouthat.(完成式主动态)
Thisworkofartseemedtohavebeencreatedseveralcenturiesago.(完成式的被动态)
v-ing形式:
时态主动态被动态
一般式doingbeingdone
完成式havingdonehavingbeendone
注意:不及物动词没有被动式
动名词
Iamsureofhiscomingintime.(一般式主动态)(=Iamsurethathewillcomeintime)
Heisproudofbeingselectedasmonitor.(一般式被动态)(=Heisproudthatheisselectedasmonitor.)
I’mconfidentofhishavingpassedtheexam.(完成式主动态)
(=Iamconfidentthathehavepassedtheexam.)
Hecomplainedofhavingbeencheatedbyothers.(完成式被动态)
现在分词
Hesatinachair,readinganovel.(一般式主动态)
Beingexhaustedbywork,hefellasleepquickly.(一般式被动态)
Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentplaying.(完成式主动态)
Allthishavingbeensettled,hewenthome.(完成式被动态)
2.所做成分
项目/成分主语表语宾语宾补定语状语
动词的ing形式现在分词△△△△
动名词△△△△
不定式△△△△△△
过去分词△△△△
注:现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。
II.基本知识
1.动词不定式在句中充当的成分
①作主语。
Toseeonceisbetterthantohearahundredtimes.
Tomakemoneyisnottheonlypurposeofourlife.赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的
在很多情况下,常用it来充当动词不定式的形式主语。
ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishverywell.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。
②作动词的宾语,常用在以下动词后:
help,hope,ask,refuse,decide,promise,wish,pretend,expect,arrange,learn,plan,demand,dare,
manage,agree,prepare,fail,determine,offer,choose,desire,elect,long,(happen,seem)
Hemanagedtopasstheexam.他成功地通过了考试。
Hepromisedtobehereatnine.他答应9点钟到这儿。
Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere.我没有料到在这儿见到你。
在某些复合宾语中,用it做形式宾语,而把不定式放到后面去。
Heconsidereditbettertoleavenow.他认为最好现在就离开。
Ifounditimpossibletofinishtheworkontime.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。
③作定语(常置于名词之后)。
由only,last,next序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语;不定式还可用作名词
代词的的宾语(ability,anything,attempt,chance,curiosity,desire,decision,determination,effort,failure,
intention,need,nothing,opportunity,place,plan,promise,reason,right,something)
Sheisalwaysthefirststudenttoarriveatschool.
Heisalwaysthelastonetoleavetheoffice.他总是最后一个离开办公室。
Idon’tthinkheisthebestmantodothejob.我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。
Ihavenodesiretotravel.
You’llfindsomethingtointerestyouhere.
注:动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词,而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系,这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。
Ihaven’tdecidedwhichhoteltostayat.
Ifoundnoonetoplaywith.
④作状语
Iwalkedslowlyontheiceinordernottofalldown.(不至于跌倒)(表目的)
Theyliftedarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.(表结果)
Hetriedonlytofail.(结果没有成功)
Shewashappytohearthenews.(表原因)
不定式常用于修饰下列形容词:
able,afraid,angry,anxious,apt,careful,careless,certain,clever,considerate,delighted,difficult,eager,easy,fit,
frightened,happy,interesting,likely,lucky,quick,ready,reluctant,right,sorry,surprised,sure,thoughtful,
thoughtless,unable,unwilling,wrongetc.
Frenchisdifficulttolearn.法语难学。
I’msorrytointerruptyou,butIhaveto.
⑤作独立副词成分。
Tospeakfrankly,Idon’tlikeyourattitude.
⑥与疑问词连用。疑问代词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how等后加动词不定式,构成不定式短语,可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.什么时候出发还没有定。
Theproblemishowtogetthereontime.问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。
注意:
①在有些动词后常用疑问词+动词不定式的结构。这类动词有:know,ask,tell,show,wonder,consider,
understand,learn,instruct,guess,see,explain,discover,imagine,think,hear等。
Hedidn’tknowwhattodonext.
Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertogotoJapan.我没有决定是否到日本去。
②不定式的复合结构
由for+名词或代词+动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。
ItisnecessaryforyoutofinishtheworkbeforeFriday.你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工作。
Hisideaisforustotravelindifferentcars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。
由of引出的不定式复合结构,经常与以下形容词连用:brave,careless,,clever,courageous,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,rash,right,rude,stupid,silly,thoughtful,thoughtless,wrong,wise等。
It’skindofyoutosayso.
It’sbraveofyoutogointotheburningbuildingtosavethebaby!
你真勇敢,冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿
③不带to的动词不定式
▲在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式,如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,smell,
hear,watch等。
Theteacheroftenmakesmerewritethecomposition.老师常常让我把作文重写。
将该句转换成被动语态:Iamoftenmadebytheteachertorewritethecomposition.
Iheardhersaythatshewasfedup.
▲在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式:hadbetter,wouldrather,cannotbut,cannothelpbut,
donothingbut等。
I’dbettergonow,orI’llmissthetrain.
Theycannotbutaccepthisadvice.我只好接受他的建议。
▲在except,but之前有动词do作实义动词,则except,but后一般接不带to的动词不定式,反之则接
带to的动词不定式。
Wehavenochoicebuttowait.我们除了等待别无选择(我们只好等待)。
Thereisnochoicebuttogothere.
Thereisnothingtodobutto(to可省略)readabook.
▲在why,whynot结构中,紧接其后的动词不定式不带to
Whyarguewithhim?
Whynotsendthosebooksback?为什么不把那些书送回去?
2.动名词在句中充当的成分
①作主语
Askingforhelpissometimesnecessary.请求帮助有时是必要的。
Eatingtoomuchisnotgoodforyourhealth.吃得太多对你的健康不利。
Teachingofferssomethingbesidesmoneyandpower.
②作补语、表语
Seeingisbelieving.
Wecallsuchanactcheating.我们称这样的行为为作弊/欺骗行为。
③作以下及物动词及词组的的宾语
建议冒险去献身:advise,suggest,risk,devoteoneselfto
忍受期待不停顿:bear/stand(忍受),lookforwardto,stop
放弃延期悔失去:giveup,delay,putoff,regret,miss
坚持欣赏(想)要(实)践(完)成:keep(on)/insiston/stickto,enjoy/appreciate,feellike,practice,finish
注意原谅避反对:payattentionto,excuse,escape,avoid,objectto
考虑要求不自禁:consider,require,cannothelp
允许习惯不介意:forbid;permit,be/getusedto/beaccustomedto,mind
值得开始想动名:beworth,setabout,imagine
Themotherdidagreetolettheboyriskswimmingacrosstheriver.冒险游过河
Hiswifedoesntallowsmokinginsidetheroombutallowshimtosmokeoutsidetheroom.
他的妻子不允许在室内抽烟,但是允许他在室外抽。
Alloftheminsistedonmystayingwiththemafewdayslonger.
他们所有的人都坚持要我再跟他们多呆几天时间。
Imlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.
Beingillforafewdays,shedoesntfeellikeeatinganything.不想吃任何东西
另在want,need,require等动词后,常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思(主语与动名词之间存在逻
辑上的动宾关系)。
Myhairneedscutting.(=Myhairneedstobecut.)
⑤作定语
它与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,通常只表示用途或与所修饰的名词有关的动作。
Thefactorybuiltaswimmingpoollastyear.游泳池
Ourteacherusesaverygoodteachingmethod.教学方法
⑥作同位语
Hishobby,makingmodelairplanes,isveryinteresting.
注意:
①动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格+动名词构成。如果不是在句子开头,这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格+动名词构成,在句中可作主语、宾语等。例如:
Doyoumindmyclosingthedoor?Doyoumindmeclosingthedoor?
Myclosingthedoormadehimangry.
Ican’tstandLaoChang’stalkinglikethataboutothercomrades.
②动名词的某些固定结构
▲Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,abore...)等名词+doingsth.
Itisnousecrying.哭没有用。
Itisnogoodobjecting.反对也没有用。
Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain.设法解释是浪费时间。
▲Itis+useless+doingsth.
Itisuselessspeaking.光说没用。
▲Thereisno+v-ing“…是不可能的”。
Thereisnoknowinghowoldsheis.(=Itisimpossibletoknowhowoldsheis.)
Thereisnotellingwhereshe’sgone.(=Itisimpossible/difficulttoknowwhereshe’sgone.)
▲makeapointof+doing“认为…是必要的”
OurfamilymakeapointofgoingtochurcheverySunday.(=Ourfamilymakeitaruletogotochurchevery
Sunday.)
▲beonthepointof+doing“濒临,将要…”
Hewasonthepointofleaving.
▲on(upon)+doing“一…就…”
Onhearingthenews,Ichangedmyplans.(=AssoonasIheardthenews,Ichangedmyplans.)
▲go+doing(大部分指运动和游戏)
Hewentshopping/hiking/swimming/fishingetc.
▲动名词短语常用在以下结构中
havedifficulty(in)+doingsth
havetrouble(in)+doingsth
havefun(in)+doingsth/
haveagoodtime(in)+doingsth/haveahardtime(in)+doingsth
▲feellike+名词“想要”=wouldliketo+原形动词
Doyoufeellikegoingtoamovie?你想看电影吗?
Idontfeellikereadingtonight.今晚我不想读书。
3.分词在句中充当的成分
①作定语。作定语的分词如果是单个分词,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。在用作定语时,分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。
Theboringsnowmadetheboredboysgohome.(=Thesnowwasboring,sotheboysweeboredandwent
home.)
Chinaisadevelopingsocialistcountry.发展中的社会主义国家
Themanwritingtheobituary(讣告)ismyfriend.
(=Themanwhoiswritingtheobituaryismyfriend.)
Thebrokenglassscatteredontheground.破杯
注:现在分词与过去分词都可作定语,但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情,有主动意义;而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情,有被动意义。
②作表语、宾语补足语。能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see,hear,keep,find,notice,watch,think,want,smell,observe等。
Thestoryisboring.
Ifoundhimreadinganovel.在读小说(现在分词作宾语补足语)
Ifoundhimsurroundedbyagroupofchildren.一群孩子包围着(过去分词作宾语补足语)
③作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间,原因,条件,结果,伴随情况。
Havingreadalltherequiredpapers,heansweredthequestionsfluently.(时间)
Beingshortofmoney,Idecidedtoapplyforthework.(原因)
Seriouslyinjured,Allenwasrushedtothehospital.(原因)
Ifgoingtherebyplane,we’llhavetopaytwiceasmuch.(条件)
Unlessaskedtoanswerquestions,thepupilswerenotsupposedtotalkinMrsSmith’sclass.(条件)
Thefarmerusedanewinsecticide,thusraisingtheaverageyieldby15%.(结果)
Hesatinarockingchair,watchingTV.(伴随)
注意:分词的特殊结构
①独立主格
有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致,这时分词须带上自身的主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构。这
种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。
Thatbeingthecase,we’dbettermakesomechangesintheplan.
Weatherpermitting,wewillgoout.==ifweatherpermits
Theteacherhavingfinishedthelesson,thestudentslefttheclassroom.
②“with或without+名词或代词+分词”的复合结构
常用作补充说明或表示伴随情况。例如:Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.
③某些固定结构
generally/franklyspeaking…,judgingfrom/by…中,分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。
Judgingbyhisdress,hecomesfromawealthyfamily.从他的衣着判断
Franklyspeaking,Idontlikehimatall.坦率地说
④catch+宾语+doing
Icaughtthemstealingmyapples.我抓住他们偷我的苹果。
Ifshecatchesmereadingherdiary,shellbefurious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记,她会愤怒的
注:有些现在分词可以作介词用:如concerning,considering,regarding,respecting等。
Consideringhisage,heistall.考虑了他的年龄
Ihavenothingtosayconcerninghisspeech.关于他的演讲
III.非谓语动词比较
1.做主语和宾语时的比较
一般来说,不定式和动名词成份相同时,表示客观性、一般性行为多用动名词表示,而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。
Lookingafterchildrenisherjob.照看小孩
Tocleantheclassroomishisjobtoday.打扫教室
Ilikeswimming,butIdontliketoswimtodaybecauseIdontfeelwell.
注意下列重点内容:
①begin和start本身为进行时,或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时,须接不定式
Whenwecamein,theywerebeginningtohavesupper.
Afterhisexplanation,Ibegantounderstandit/realizethatIwaswrong.
②有些词后面既可以接不定式.亦可接动名词,但其意义有很大区别,须特别注意
A.remember,forget,regret接动名词,表示完成意义(=havingdone),接不定式,表示将来意义
PleaseremembertobringmethebookIwantnexttime.
Irememberseeingher(=havingseenher)somewherebefore.
Dontforgettowritetomesoon.
Ineverforgetvisiting(=havingvisited)themforthefirsttime.
Iregretmissingthatgoodfilmlastweek.(后悔)
Iregretnottaking(nothavingtaken)youradvice.
IregrettosayIcanttakeyouradvice.(遗憾=besorry)
B.mean:meantodo=wanttodo打算,想要……
meandoing:意味着,就是
IamsorryIdidntmeantohurtyourfeelings,
Imeanttocallonyou,butIwassobusy.
Learningaforeignlanguagedoesntmeanjustworkinginclass.
C.stop:stoptodo停下来,要干另一件事(不定式作目的状语)
stopdoing停止做(动名词作宾语)
Aftersometime,theystoppedwalkingandhadarest.
Afterwalkingsometime,theystoppedtohavearest.
D.try:trytodo,努力,试图干……
trydoing:试着干……
Hesearchedeverywhereandtriedtofindhiskey.
Hecametothecityfromthecountrysideandtriedtofindajob.
Themotherisoutandtheboyhadtotrycookingforhimself.
Theytriedtosucceedandtrieddoingtheirexperimentsagainandagain.
E.want,need,require接动名词表示被动意义,接不定式就要i用被动式,这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系。
Theseyoungtreesrequirelookingafter(=tobelookedafter).
Thematterneedsthinkingover(=tobethoughtover).
F.goon:goontodo继续干和原来不同的另一件事(不定式作目的状语)
goondoing继续干原来同一件事(动名词作宾语)
Afterasmoke,hewentontellingusthatinterestingstory.
Afterwritingthecompositionhewentontoworkouthismathsproblems.
G.动词advise,allow,permit,forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词,接复合宾语时用动词不定式。
Doctorsadvisegivingupsmokingtobenefitoneshealth.(放弃)
Thedoctoradvisedhimtogiveupsmokingsoastoimprovehishealth.(放弃)
Shedoesntallow(permit)smokinginherroom.(允许)
H.beconsideredtohavedone被认为已经做了……
consider…tobe认为是……
considerdoing考虑做某事
I.be(get)usedtodoing习惯于……
beusedtodo被用来做……
J.can’thelpdoing情不自禁做……
can’thelptodo不能帮助做……
2.做宾补时的比较
不定式可以表示一次性、具体性行为,以及将来意义的行为。现在分词可以表示当时正在发生的进行意义的行为,亦可表示-个持续时间的延续性的行为动作。过去分词可以表示完成意义的行为或状态,及物动词的过去分词亦有被动意义,不及物动词的过去分词仍是主动意义。
WhenIcamein,Isawherdancinghappily.
IoftenhearhersingsongsinEnglishinherroom.
Theyhadthelightsburningallnightlong.
IsawLiPingpassbyandenterthenextroomjustnow.
Themotherwillhavethedoctorexaminehersonagain.
TomorrowIllhavemyhaircut.
WhenIgothomeIfoundthewindowbrokenandthethiefgoneawayalready.
Whentheyreturnedtotheirhometown,afteranabsenceoftwentyyears,theyfoundeverythingchanged.
3.做表语时的比较
不定式和动名词做表语解释主语内容,且可以和主语颠倒,意思仍然通顺,回答what的问题。它们有时存在经常性和一次性行为的区别,分词做表语表明主语的性质、特征和状态,不能和主语颠倒,可以回答how的问题。
Herjobiscleaningoffices.(Whatisherjob?)(=Cleaningofficesisherjob.)
Ourjobtodayistocleantheoffice.(=Tocleantheofficeisourjobtoday.)
Thenewsisveryexciting.(Howisthenews?)
Theyareverytiredafteralongwalk.
Thedoorislockednow.
Thechildrenarewelldressedthesedays.
4.做定语时的比较
不定式做定语与先行词有动宾、主谓和解释先行词内容等关系。在时态上常是将来意义,现在分词做定语是现在时或进行时态意义;过去分词做定语则是完成时态意义。此外,不定式做定语时只能后置,不可前置,而单个分词做定语可前置,分词短语做定语则须后置。动名词做定语,须前置,且要重读,它表明先行词的用途。而分词做定语表明先行词的性质、特征和状态。
aswimmingboy=aboywhoisswimmingaswimmingpool=apoolforswimming
theboilingwater=thewaterthatisboilingdrinkingwater=waterfordrinking
TodayIhavealettertowrite.Pleasefindamantohelpus.
ItisagoodchancetopracticeyourspokenEnglish.练习你的口语
IlikereadingbookswrittenbyLuXun.
ThewomanstandingoverthereisourEnglishteacher.站在那边的
Thehousetobebuilt(=whichwillbebuilt/whichistobebuilt)nextyearwillbeournewlibrary.
Thehousebeingbuilt(=whichisbeingbuilt)nowwillbeournewlibrary.
Thehousebuilt(=whichwasbuilt)lastyearisournewlibrarynow.
5.做状语时的比较
不定式和分词做状语各有不同分工。动词不定式多做目的、结果和原因状语,且多放在句末;分词
可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式状语,多置于句首,做伴随状语,多放在后面。分词用于godoing结构中作目的状语。
①目的状语:通常有不定式表示,由于不定式的客观性和将来性特征。不定式前还可加上inorder,soas来加强说话的口气。但soasto通常不用于句首。
TheSmithshavegonetoLondontospendtheirholidays.
Icamehere(inorder/soas)tohearthereport.
Inorderto(不用soasto)seebetter,wetookfrontseats.
②时间状语:分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首,表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生,有时现在分词前可以加上时间连词。如果分词动作发生在谓语动词之前,用现在分词的完成体形式。过去分词作时间状语与谓语动词构成同时性和被动意义。分词前有时加上时间连词。
Arriving(=Whenhearrived)atthebusstop,hefoundhissisterthere.
Waiting(=WhenIwaswaiting)toseethedoctor,Imetwithafriendofmine.
Having(=Whenwehave)madefullpreparations,wearereadyforanexamination.
Having(=Whenhehad)finishedhishomework,hewenttobed.
Afterfinishinghishomework,hewenttobed.
Seen(=Whenthetownisseen)fromthehill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.
Locked(=Whenhewaslooked)upintheroom,hefoundhimselfisolatedfromtheouterworld.
Whenaskedtomakeaspeech,hesaidhewasgladtodoso.当请他作演讲时
Oncerecovered,hewillgoallouttodohiswork.一旦康复
③原因状语:不定式作原因状语往往用于形容词之后,这些形容词通常是happy,sorry,fortunate,angry,glad,ashamed,discouraged,delighted,frightened,shocked等。分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句。一般位于句首。
Iamsorrytohearthatyouarenotwell.
Imverysorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.让你久等了
Wearegreatlydelightedtohaveanativeasourguide.
Being(=Sincehewas)illalllastyear,helivedinasanatorium.
Therebeingnoenoughmoney,hecouldntbuythedictionarythathewanted.由于没有钱
Having(=Sincetheyhad)beenaskedtostay,theycouldntpossiblyleaverightaway.
Moved(=Ashewasmoved)bytheheroicdeedsofthePLAman,heburstintotears.
④条件状语:通常用分词来表示,相当于条件状语从句。一般位于句首。
Turning(=Ifyouturn)totheleft,youwillseethepostoffice.
United(=Ifweareunited),westand;divided(=ifwearedivided),wefall.
Given(=Ifhehadbeengiven)moretime,hewouldbeabletodobetter.
⑤结果状语从句:不定式作结果状语通常用于so+形容词或副词+asto,such+名词+asto,too…to,enoughto和onlyto等结构。现在分词作结果状语表示谓语动词的结果。
Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.
Iworkedlateintothenight,onlytofindIhadnotfinishedhalfofthejob.
Hewassofriendlyastobealwayshelpfultohisneighbors.
Hisissuchasadstoryastoarouseoutsympathy.
Iranfasterthanever,reachingtheschoolyardquiteoutofbreath.
Themandiedyoung,leavingnothingbutdebt.
⑥让步状语:通常由过去分词来表示,而且前面通常有表示让步意义的though。
Thoughwounded,thesoldiermanagedtogettothevillagesafely.
Thoughwarnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.
⑦伴随或方式状语:分词作伴随状语通常位于句尾,表示谓语动词正在所处主动或被动的状态。
Chinesebusinessmen,taxidriversandstudentstalkwiththemusingEnglish.
Shecamerunningtowardsus.
Theywalkedalongthestreets,talkingandlaughing.
Hewentintothehouse,followedbysomechildren.
Hecontinuedtowalkupanddown,lostinthought.
IV.关于therebe的非谓语形式
therebe非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语
1.作动词宾语时,通常用theretobe结构,而不用therebeing。能这样用的及物动词为:expect,like,mean,intend,want,prefer,hate等,如:
Wedontwanttheretobeanycomradeslaggingbehind.我们不希望有任何同志掉队。
Theyhatetheretobelongqueueseverywhere..他们不愿意处处都要排长队。
Wehavenoobjectiontotherebeingameetinghere.我们并不反对在这里开会。
2.作状语多用therebeing结构,但若置于介词for之后要用theretobe
Therebeingnobodyelseathand,Ihadtodobymyself.由于附近没有人,我只得独自干了。(原因状语)
It’stooearlyfortheretobeanybodyup.太早了,还不会有人起床。(作程度状语)
Therehavingbeennorainforalongtime,thegroundwasverydry.
因为好长时间没下雨了,地面非常干燥。(原因状语)
3.作主语时两种结构都可以,但如是用for引导则要用theretobe.
Itisnotuncommonfortheretobeproblemsofcommunicationbetweenoldandyoung.
老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。
Therebeingakindergartenoncampusisagreatconveniencetofemaleteachers.
校园内有幼儿园对女教师十分方便。


1.—Whydon’tyoulikeTom?
—Ithinkheisaman_________.
A.tobeworkedwithB.workingwithC.toworkwithD.beingworkedwith
2.Hesaidthathe_________whathecould________us,buthewastoobusythen.
A.woulddo,helpB.couldhavedone,tohelpC.wouldhavedone,helpingD.coulddo,helped
3.Wouldyoupleasetellmethewaythoughtof_________thegarden.
A.takecareofB.totakecareofC.takingcareofD.howtotakecareof
4.—Youlookrathertiredtoday.
—______nottomissthe4:20flight,Ididn’tdaretoclosemyeyes.
A.RemindingB.Reminded
C.BeingremindedD.Havingreminded
5.___________,themonumentcouldberestoredtoitsformerglory.
A.IfrepairedwellB.IfrepairingwellC.TorepairwellD.Repairingwell
6.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid_______tothenotice.
A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrily
C.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing
7.OnAugust12,TyphoonMorakotsweptacrossTaiwanisland,_________alotofvillages
___________.
A.left;damagedB.leaving;damagingC.leaving;damagedD.left;damaging
8.Thefood,____________good,wassoonsoldoutwhenitwastakentothemarket.
A.tastedB.beingtastedC.tastingD.havingtasted
9.Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork_______,werefusedhisoffer.
A.notfinishingB.hadnotbeenfinished
C.nothavingfinishedD.notfinished
10.Withtoomanyconstructionprojects_________allthestrengthoutoftheeconomy,peopleofthesmallcountrycomplainedalot.
A.suckingB.tosuckC.beingsuckedD.beingsucking
11.TimBemers-Leeisgenerallyconsidered_________theWorldWideWeb,onwhichalltheinformationissharedbyall.
A.tohavefoundedB.havingfoundedC.foundingD.tofound
12.Onthebankoftheriver,wefoundhim______onabeach,withhiseyes_______onakiteinthesky.
A.seated;fixingB.sitting;fixingC.seated;beingfixedD.sitting;fixed
13.Tigers_____meat-eatinganimals_____meats.
A.belongedto;feedonB.belongingto;feedon
C.werebelongedto;arefedonD.belongingto;arefedon
14.______fortheseriousaccident,thepresentofShanxiProvincehadtoresign.
A.ToblameB.BlamingC.BeingtoblameD.Tobeblamed
15.Withsomebooksheneeded_________,hewentintothebookstorequickly.
A.tobuyB.boughtC.tobeboughtD.buying
16.AftertheShenzhouVIcapsule(太空舱)toucheddown,twoastronautssucceededintravelingaroundthe
earth,thusagain__________Chinaisaglobalspacepower.
A.provingB.toproveC.tohaveprovedD.beingproved
17.Therewasanicelittlegiftforeveryone,withasuitablepoem_______toit.
A.attachedB.tobeattachingC.toattachD.attaching
18.____byhisparentsforlong,Johnfeelssadintheheartthoughheappears_______bothered
aboutit.
A.Beingignored;nottobeB.Tobeignored;tohavenotbeen
C.Ignored;nottobeD.Ignoring;notbeing
19.Weare_______totalkloudlyinthedormitorywhenothersaretakinganoon-break.
A.supposedB.supposingC.notsupposedD.notsupposing
20.Thelatestsurvey,_________by,foundmorethan12percentofteenagerswanttoworkaspilots.
A.tobecarriedoutB.beingcarriedoutC.carriedoutD.havingbeencarriedout
21.TheconstructionofaneconomiczonetothewestcoastoftheTaiwanStraits,_____atpresent,willsurelystimulate(刺激)thedecliningeconomyonbothsidesoftheStraits.
A.tobediscussedB.beingdiscussedC.discussedD.discussing
22.Theyoungmansatbackinhissofa,______withwhathehadworkedouttodowiththeremainingwork.
A.havingsatisfiedB.beingsatisfiedC.TobesatisfiedD.satisfied
23.Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,completely_____totheoutsideworld.
A.havingbeenlostB.tobelostC.losingD.lost
24.—Thepolicehavecaughtthemurderer.
—Yes,butherefusedtoadmit________hiswifeonarainynightsevenyearsago.
A.tokillB.tohavekilledC.havingkilledD.havebeenkilling
25.________totrainhisdaughterinEnglish,heputanadlikethisinthepaper,“_________,anEnglishteacherforaten-year-oldgirl.”
A.Determined;wantedB.Determined;wantingC.Determine;wantedD.Determining;wanting
26.—Lucydoesn’tseemtobewhatshewas.
—No._________somuchinthewarhasmadehermorethoughtful.
A.SeenB.HerseeingC.HavingseenD.Tohaveseen
27.twiceayear,whetheritisacarorabusoratruck,istherulethateverydrivermustobeyinthiscity.
A.ExaminingB.ExaminedC.BeingexaminedD.Havingbeenexamined
28.Wehopethebuildingproject_________willbecompletedassoonaspossiblebecausealotofcitizensarecomplainingaboutthenoises.
A.tobecarriedoutB.carriedoutC.beingcarriedoutD.carryingout
29.Anewteachnique_________theyieldsasawholeincreasedbyabout30percent.
A.hadappliedB.havingappliedC.tohaveappliedD.havingbeenapplied
30.Thelonglastingwar,______withbloodanddeaths,endedinpeople’ssadness,_______noresult.
A.filling;reachedB.filled;toreachC.filling;wouldreachD.filled;reaching
31.Thetwooldsisters,_______solong,heldeachotherandburstintotears.
A.beingseparatedB.havingbeenseparatedC.havingseparatedD.hadbeenseparated
32.Somepeopleagainsttollbooths(收费站)arguethatroads,once___________,shouldbefree.
A.buildingB.builtC.havingbuiltD.beingbuilt
33.Somethingextraordinaryhappenedinthathospital.Aman,________clinicallydead,suddenlycametolife.
A.declaringB.beingdeclaredC.declaredD.havingdeclared
34._________yourreceipttothecustomerservicedepartmentandtheywillpaythemoneybacktoyou.
A.HavingbroughtB.BringC.BringingD.Tobring
35.____itwithmeshouldbeagoodchoice.Trustme.
A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave
36.Ireallycantunderstand_________herlikethat.
A.youtreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatD.youtreating
37._____whathecando.Hemightgetajobtomorrow.Hemightstayoutofworkforweeks.
A.Wedidn’tknowB.Hedoesn’tknowC.ThereisnoknowingD.Itwasknownthat
38.Therearealotofstudentsinthereadingroom,mostof_________withtheireyes_________onandtheirheads
bentovertheirbooks.
A.whom;fixingB.them;fixedC.whom;fixedD.them;fixing
39.TheboyIconsidered______cheatedinthelastexam.
A.tobehonestB.thatishonestC.washonestD.beinghonest
40.Thoughatyphoonisontheway,peoplearestilllookingforward_________theoutdoorconcertbythepop
singer.
A.tocancelingB.nottocancelingC.nottocancelD.tonotcanceling
1-5CBBBA6-10ACCDA11-15ADBCA16-20AACCC
21-25BDDCA26-30BCCDD31-35BBCBB36-40DCBAD