高三英语教案：《定语从句复习》教学设计。
一名优秀负责的教师就要对每一位学生尽职尽责，作为教师就要精心准备好合适的教案。教案可以让讲的知识能够轻松被学生吸收，帮助教师掌握上课时的教学节奏。那么如何写好我们的教案呢？小编收集并整理了“高三英语教案：《定语从句复习》教学设计”，欢迎阅读，希望您能阅读并收藏。
本文题目：高三英语语法复习教案：定语从句复习教案
出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换)。例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介+which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.
他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
判断改错：
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on whichD. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理?史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
18.5 介词+关系词
1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：
This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。
典型例题
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. whichD. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. whichC. as D. it
答案B. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
as 的用法
例1. the same…as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。例如：
I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。
例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。例如：
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
18.7 先行词和关系词二合一
1) Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2) The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)
18.8 what/whatever; that/what; who/whoever
1)what = the thing which;whatever = anything。例如：
What you want has been sent here. 你要的动词都送来了。
Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who。例如：
(错)Who breaks the law will be punished.
(错)Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
(对)Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 王子犯法，与庶民同罪。
(对)Who robbed the bank is not clear. 谁抢了银行还不清楚。
3) that 和 what
当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如：
I think(that)you will like the stamps. 我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。
What we need is more practice. 我们需要的是更多的实践。
18.9 关系代词that 的用法
1)不用that的情况
a) 引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介词后不能用。例如：
We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。
d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.
e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：
All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
相关知识
高三英语教案：《语法定语从句》教学设计
【考纲解读】
定语从句在历年的高考全国卷及各地卷的单项填空中，都是考试热点。在今后的高考试题中，定语从句仍是考查的重点。
定语从句常被考查的知识有：(1)九个不同的关系代词或副词引导的限制性定语从句;(2)七个不同的关系代词或副词引导的非限制性定语从句;(3)对as，which，that，what代词的理解区分及运用。考查往往是通过关系代词或关系副词来实现，并考查定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句的区别。总之，对定语从句的考查主要集中在关系代词和关系副词的选择上，我们尤其要注意“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
【知识要点】
一、定语从句的意义?
形容词性从句一般称为定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。?
定语从句的位置：一般置于先行词之后，由关系代词和关系副词引导。??
二、关系词的用法?
引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose。?
关系副词有when，where，why等。?
关系代词和关系副词不仅有连接先行词和从句的作用，而且在从句中担当一个句子成分。
1.关系代词的用法：?
1)由who引导的定语从句?
关系代词who只能指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。如：?
A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student.?
教师是传授知识的人。(关系代词在从句中作主语)?
The man who can do this work will get 1000 dollars.?
能够做此工作的人将获得1000美元。(关系代词who在从句中作主语)?
2)由whom引导的定语从句?
关系代词whom只能指人，是who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，在口语中常常省略。如：?
The man whom you met on the street is my father.?
你在街上碰到的那个人是我父亲。(关系代词who在从句中作宾语，可以省略)?
The woman (whom)you talked with yesterday will come here the day after tomorrow.?
昨天和你谈话的那位妇女后天来这儿。(关系代词whom在从句中作宾语，可以?省略)??
3)由that引导的定语从句?
关系代词that在从句中既可以作主语，又可作宾语;既可指人，又可指物。如：?
She is the woman that often comes here.?
她就是常常来这儿的那个妇女。(关系代词that在从句中作主语，指人)?
The book that is on the desk was written by my grandfather.?
桌子上的那本书是我祖父写的。(关系代词that在从句中作主语，指物。此句中的that可以用which替换)?
Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能为你做点什么呢?(关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指物。此句中的that不能用which替换)?
The passenger and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane. 仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。(这句的关系代词that不能用which替换，因为它在此句中既指人又指物)?
4)由which引导的定语从句?
关系代词which一般指物，在从句中可作主语，也可以作宾语。如：?
He came late，which made the teacher angry.?
他来晚了，这使老师很生气。(which引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语)?
That is the pencil which I lost yesterday.?
那就是我昨天丢失的铅笔。(which引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作宾语，which可以省略)5)由whose引导的定语从句?
关系代词whose是who的所有格，在从句中作定语，既可指人，又可指物。如：?
This is the boy whose parents died last year. 这是那个父母去年去世的男孩。 (whose作定语，指人)?
注：“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”。如：?
They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.(= the back wall of which)他们来到后墙已经倒塌的一个房子。?
He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.(= whose name)他写了本书，书的名字我彻底忘了。
2.使用关系代词引导定语从句时应注意的几点?
1)当先行词指人时，许多情况下既可以用that也可以用who，但在下列情况下，宜用who而不用that。?
先行词是one，ones，anyone时，宜用who。如：?
Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.?
任何触犯法律的人都应该受到?惩罚。??
先行词为those时，宜用who。如：?
Those who want to see the film sign up here. 想看电影的人在这儿签名。?
一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用that，另一个用who。?
The boy that you met at the school gate yesterday morning is our monitor who studies very hard.
昨天早上你在校门口遇到的那个男孩是我们班学习很用功的班长。?
2)当先行词指物时，许多情况下，既可以用关系代词which，也可用关系代词that，但在下列情况中，只能用关系代词that，而不用which。?
在there+be 的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。如：?
There are two novels that I want to read.我要读的有两本小说。?
There is no work that can be done now. 没有什么工作现在能做的了。?
当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时。如：?
This is the book that was bought yesterday.这就是昨天买的书。?
Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.我们的学校不再是以前的学校了。
以Here is (are)开头的句子时。如：?
Here is a film that will move anyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。?
Here are two books that I will buy.这是我要买的两本书。?
It is (high)time+定语从句中。如：?
It is time that we should have a rest.我们应该休息了。?
It is high time that they started out.他们该动身了。?
当先行词是way等词时，关系代词用that或者in which在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，常可省略。如：?
This is the way that my father did this work.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。?
She admired the way in which I answered the questions.她羡慕我回答问题的方式。?
在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一个从句用who或者which引导时，那么另一个从句用that引导。如：?
He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest.?
他是我曾经看到过跳的最高的学生。?
My brother studies in the school which is the most beautiful in our city that isn’t far from here.?
我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书，并且离这儿不远。?
当先行词被the last ，the very 和the only修饰时。如：?
This is the very pen that I am looking for.这正是我找的钢笔。?
The only book I want to read is missing.我惟一想看的书不见了。?
在强调句子中，并且以who，which，what开头时。如：?
Who was it that was lost ?究竟是谁迷路了?(此句中，最好不用who来代替that，避免重复)What was it that you did last week?你上周究竟做什么了??
当先行词前有序数词时。如：?
You are the first person that I want to ask for. 你是我要见的第一个人。?
This is the second book that I have ever written.这是我写的第二本书。?
当先行词被all，every，no，some，few，little，much，both等修饰时，如：?
This is all that I want to say at the meeting.这就是我在会上要说的。?
Have you any books that are worth reading? 你有值得看的书吗??
当先行词既指人又指物时。如：?
The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them.?
我听说的那位教授和他的成就得到他们的赞美。?
Let’s talk about the persons and the things that we can remember.?
让我们谈论能够想起的人和事。?
当先行词为anything，everything，nothing时，关系代词用that,不用which;但用something时，用which或者that均可。如：?
Everything we have seen in China is moving.我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。?
I have nothing that is worth reading.我没有什么值得一读的东西。?
当先行词是疑问代词who时。如：?
Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess? 你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他??
3)that，which，whom在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。如：?
This is the book (which)you were looking for yesterday. 这就是你昨天找的那本书。?
I don’t like the novel (that)you are reading.我不喜欢你看的这本小说。?
4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句的人称、数与先行词一致。如：?
Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon.?
请那些年龄在四十几岁的人于今天下午去进行体检。?
(先行词those是复数，关系代词who也就看作是复数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了复数形式are了)?
This is the magazine which was sent to me by post.这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。?
(先行词the magazine是单数，关系代词which也就看作是单数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了单数形式was sent)?
5)定语从句的时态不要求与主句时态一致。如：?
The story which I read last night is very interesting.?
我昨天晚上看的那则故事非常有趣。
3.关系副词的用法?
1)when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有time，day，morning，night，week，year 等。如：?
I still remember the time when I first became a college student.?
我仍然记得我成为大学生的那个时刻。?
Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 你知道林肯出生的日期吗??
注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如：?
Each time he came，he did his best to help us.每次他来，都尽他所能帮我们。?
2)where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有place，spot，street，house，room，city，town，country等。如：?
This is the hotel where they are staying.这是他们住的旅馆。?
I forget the house where the Smiths lived.我不记得史密斯先生住过的房子了。?
注：where有时也可以省略。如：?
This is the place (where)we met yesterday. 这是我们昨天见面的地方。?
3)why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如：?
That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.那就是他为什么要离开的原因。?
注：why时常也可以省略。如：?
That is the real reason he did it.那就是他做此事的真正原因。
4.使用关系副词应注意下列几点：?
1)这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：?
when = on (in，at，during...)+which;?
where = in (at，on...)+which;?
why = for which.如：?
I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which)he arrived.?
他到的时候，当时我正在北京。?
The office where (=in which)he works is on the third floor.?
他工作的办公室在?三楼。??
This is the chief reason why (=for which)we did it.这是我们做这件事的主要原因。?
2)当先行词是表时间的time，day等和表地点的place，house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：?
I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.?
我将永远不会忘记我的家乡被解放的那一天。?
I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.?
我将永远不会忘记去年夏天我们共同度过的那段时光。?
3)when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。??
三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句?
在这种结构中，关系代词若是表示人时，就只能用whom;关系代词若是表示事物时，就只能用which。
1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只能用which (指物)或whom 关系代词不能省略。如：
He has found a good job for which he is qualified.?
他找到了一份他能胜任的工作。?
(qualify + 名词+for意为“使……具有……资格”)?
The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow.?
你刚才与他谈话的那个人明天主持那个会议。( talk to+名词意为“与某人谈话”)?
He is bargaining with the landlord over the monthly price at which the apartment rents. 他在与房东就那套公寓出租的月租金进行磋商。(名词+rent at+表示价格的词意为“某物以某价格出租”)
2.当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which(指物)，that/whom/who(指人)作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。如：?
This is the hero (that/who/whom)we are proud of.这就是我们引以为豪的英雄。?
This is the pen ( that/which)I wrote the letter with.这就是我用来写信的那枝笔。
3.“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。?
He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree.?
他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大高树。?
The monkey crossed the river，in the middle of which he was almost killed.?
那只猴子过了河，在河中央它差点淹死。?
注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：?
This is the pen which I’m looking for.这正是我在寻找的那枝笔。?
The boys he is looking after are very healthy. 他照看的那些小男孩都很健康。
4.介词+关系代词=关系副词?
1)这就是我们去年住过的房间。?
This is the room which we lived in last year.?
This is the room in which we lived last year.?
This is the room where we lived last year.?
2)我仍然记得我入党的那一天。?
I still remember the day on which I joined the Party.?
I still remember the day when I joined the Party.?
通过对上述知识的掌握，对于一个句子我们可用不同的表达方法来表达。如：?
那就是他工作的大学。?
四、定语从句的种类以及区别
1.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
和先行词的关系密切(删去后，影响整个句子意义的表达) 和先行词的关系不密切(是一种补充说明，删去后不影响整个句子意义的表达)
不用逗号分开 一般使用逗号分开
可用关系代词that引导 不可用关系代词that引导
可以省略(that，who，which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略) 不可以省略
可以替代(whom作宾语时，可用who或that替代) 不能替代
只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分 修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，此时定语从句前有逗号分开，只能用which或as引导。
请看下面例句的不同含义：?
限制性：她有两个当解放军的儿子。?
She has two sons who are P.L.A.men.?
(Maybe she has other sons who are not P.L.A.men.)?
非限制性：她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。?
She has two sons，who are P.L.A.men.?
(She has only two sons.They are both P.L.A.men.)?
体会下列非限制性定语从句?
Yesterday I met Li Ping，who seemed to be busy.?
昨天我遇到了李平，他看起来?很忙。??
We will put off the meeting until next week，when we won’t be so busy.?
我们将把会议推迟到下周举行，到那时我们就不会这么忙了。
2.关系代词which与as引导定语从句的区别?
which与as都可以引导定语从句，但它们有许多用法上的区别，现就此简要分析如下：??
1)which与as引导非限定性定语从句的区别：?
which只能放在主句后面，而as引导的从句位置相对较灵活，可在前，可在后。如：?
As he realized，I was very useful to him.?
(在前)正像他所意识到的那样，我对他非常有用。?
Air，as we know，is a gas.(在中)空气，众所周知，是一种气体。?
He was a foreigner，as I know from his accent.?
(在后)他是个外国人，正像我从他的口音判断的那样。?
He came late again，which made his boss angry.?
(在后)他又来晚了，这一点使得老板很生气。?
在which引导的定语从句中，谓语动词若是am，is，are，则这些系动词不能省略，而as后面若是这种情况，则可以省略。如：?
He is a teacher，as (is)clear from his manner.(is可以省略)他是个老师，这从他的言谈举止可看清楚。?
He said he had never seen her before，which was not true.?
(was 不可省略)他说他从来没见过她，这一点不对。?
当which引导的从句在意义上近乎并列关系时，可以用and this，and that代替，意思是“这件事”。如：?
He changed his mind，which (and this，and that)made me very angry.?
他改变了主意，这使我很生气。?
She has married again，which (and this，and that)was unexpected.?
出乎意料的是，她又结婚了。?
而as主要起与上下文连接的作用，表达说话人的看法、观点，并指出主句内容的出处或根据等。如：?
Einstein，as we know，is a famous scientist.爱因斯坦，众所周知，是位伟大的科学家。?
As is announced in today’s newspaper，we must improve our style of work.?
今天的报纸上说，我们必须改进工作作风。?
作主语时，which既可以作系动词be的主语，也可以作实义动词的主语，而as只可以作系动词be的主语。如:?
He married her，which was natural.?
(可用as代替which)他和她结婚，这是很自然的事。??
He won a/the Nobel Prize in chemistry，which made him illustrious.?
(不可用as代替which)他获得了诺贝尔化学奖，这使他名扬天下。?
当定语从句位于主句之后，纯粹表示主句所述的内容，不带有“如……那样”的意思时，往往用which，而不用as。如：?
They were invited to the state banquet，which was a great honor to them.?
他们被邀请参加国宴，这对他们来说是莫大的荣幸。?
We had to sleep in our wet clothes，which was most uncomfortable.?
我们不得不穿着湿衣服睡觉，这简直太不舒服了。?
Mummy always treats me just like a baby，which I can’t bear.?
妈妈老把我当成小孩子对待，这让我无法忍受。?
当定语从句有“如同……那样”的意思时，用as比用which更常见，而这些从句几乎成为固定说法。如：
Things will turn out contrary to one’s wishes，as is often the case.?
事与愿违，这是常有的事。?
As was natural， this inordinate hope was followed by an excessive depression.?
这种过分希望之后，接着是极度的沮丧，是很自然的事。?
Chaucer is buried in “Poet’s Corner”，as might have been expected.?
正如人们已经预料的，乔叟被葬在“诗人角”。?
The material is elastic，as is show in the figure.这种材料有弹性，如图所示。?
as we know众所周知?
as has been said above/before正如前文所述?
as has been pointed out正如已经指出的?
as might be imagined可以想像得到?
当定语从句的关系代词指的是先行词本身时，只能用which。如：?
These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit.?
这些苹果树是我三年前种下的，没结出任何果实。?
The Thames，which is now clean enough to swim in，was polluted for over a hundred years.?
泰晤士河，现在已经很干净，可以在里面游泳，它曾被污染了一百多年。?
带介词的典型的定语从句，必须用which，不能用as。如：?
There is a great deal of oxygen around us，without which we could not live.我们周围有许多氧气，没有它我们就无法生存。?
The shed in our garden，in which we often played，has lasted for a long time.?
我们经常玩耍的花园里的那个棚子，已经有很长时间了。?
2)引导限制性定语从句时which与as的区别：?
先行词如为表示物的名词或代词，在从句中又作介词的宾语时，只能用which。如：?
This is the pan in which I boiled the milk. 这就是我煮牛奶的锅。?
前面有as时,引导定语从句的关系代词用as，不用which。如：?
There are as many dictionaries as are needed.所需要的字典都有了。?
前面有such时，引导定语从句的关系代词用as,不用which。如：?
Such women as know Tom thought he was charming.?
认识汤姆的女人都认为他很?迷人。??
I have never heard such stories as he tells.他讲的那些故事我从没听过。?
He is not such a man as I expected.他不是我期望的那种人。?
前面有the same时，引导定语从句的关系代词用as而不用which。如：?
We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.?
我们正面临着和多年以前同样的困难。?
This is the same wallet as I lost.这只钱包与我丢失的那只相同。?
I have the same trouble as you have.我和你有着同样的困难。?
总之，which与as引导定语从句的区别要在实践中多体会，体会多了，才能正确运用。??五、定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致的问题
1.one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数形动词。如：?
Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.《泰坦尼克号》是在好莱坞拍的最好的电影之一。?
2.the (only)one of+复数名词+关系代词+单数形动词。如：?
The Great Wall is the (only)one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.?
长城是地球上惟一一个从月球上能够看到的建筑。?
3.当关系代词as或which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时，若as或which作主语，则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。如：?
Great changes have taken place in China，as is known to all.?
中国发生了巨大的变化，众所周知。?
4.其他情况?
I，who am your teacher，will try my best to help you.我，你的老师，要尽全力帮助你。?
To own a colour TV set in each family，which we thought was impossible twenty years ago，now becomes true.?
每家拥有一台彩电，这在20年前我们认为不可能的事情，现在变成了现实。?
Have you heard of the persons and things that are being talked about??
你听说了他们谈论的人和事了吗???
【考点诠释】
定语从句
考点1 “介词+关系代词which/whom”中介词和关系代词的选择
介词后作宾语的关系代词为历年高考考查的重点，一般来讲有两个：指人时只能用whom，指物时只能用which。当然关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如：
①The pen with which he wrote was made in China.他写字用的钢笔是中国制造的。
②The train on which Tom travelled to Canada was very fast.汤姆到加拿大去时乘坐的火车速度非常快。
③The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.那位老师对他的学生非常有耐心，他家的房子前面有一棵大树。
考点2 as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的判定
1.as引导的从句表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、解释或评论。
(1)此时的as意为“正如……，正像……”。翻译时有时可不必译出。如：
You are clever，as all those who know you can see.你很聪明，所有认识你的人都能看出来。
(2)在句法上，as常用作一些实义动词(如see，know，hear，watch，remember，say，tell，show，expect，guess等)的宾语，这类动词与as几乎成了一种固定搭配。如：
As we all know，China is becoming stronger and stronger.众所周知，中国正变得越来越强大。
(3)as引导的从句可以前置(而which引导的从句则不可)。如：
As is a fact，Mike is expected to make a top student.这是一个事实，迈克有望成为一名顶尖的学生。
特别提示
主句中出现the same，such，so修饰先行词时，要选择as作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，此时as引导的是限制性定语从句。另外要注意：
(1)the same…that与the same…as引导的定语从句在意义上的区别：前者修饰的名词与原物是同一个东西;而后者修饰的是与先行词同类型的另一样东西。试比较：
①This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.这正是我昨天丢失的那个书包。(同一个书包)
②This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.这个书包和我昨天丢失的那个一样。(同类型的另一个)
(2)such/so…as…和such /so…that…结构不同，as引导定语从句，而that引导状语从句。如：
①They talked in such simple English as children could understand.他们用孩子们能听懂的简单的英语交谈。(定语从句，as代替先行词simple English作understand的宾语)
②He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke.他如此用力地关窗，结果玻璃碎了。(结果状语从句，that引导的从句表示用力关窗导致的结果)
2.which引导的此类从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。
(1)which此时指前面主句所提到的，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。主句与从句通常要用逗号隔开，且从句只能位于被修饰句子的后面。如：
He works very well，which makes his boss satisfied.他工作干得不错.，这使得他的老板很满意。
(2)which在句法上一般用作实义动词的主语，这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。如：
She succeeded in the competition，which satisfied her parents.她在比赛中取得成功，这使得她的父母很满意。
(3)在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时，要用which。如：He often works far into the night，by which time everyone else has left the office.他通常工作到深夜，到那时其他人
已下班了。
特别提示
高考一般不考查as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别，但近年高考试题中出现过这个考点。一般来说，如果从句的含义是顺接主句的叙述，那么这两个词都可以使用;如果从句的含义是对主句的否定，或者语意不是顺接的，则只能用which。如：
①He came late to school，which/as was what we had expected.他上学迟到了，这是我们意料中的。
②He came late to school，which surprised US a11.他上学迟到了，这让我们所有人都很惊讶。(不可用as)
考点3 关系代词、关系副词引导定语从句的辨别
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语;而关系副词在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因等状语。一般来说，关系副词在语义上相当于”介词+which”结构。试比较：
①I’ll never forget the days which I spent with you.我不会忘记我们在一起度过的岁月。(which在定语从句中作spent的宾语)
②I’ll never forget the days when(=in which)we studied in Beijing.我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京学习的时光。(when在定语从句中作时间状语，studied在此处为不及物动词，后面不再接宾语)
考点4 定语从句的间隔现象
定语从句一般紧接被它修饰的先行词，但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫做被分隔的定语从句。在这种情况下，对关系词的准确判断显得相当重要，而且在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读时要注意识别。一般来说，定语从句被分割开来大致有以下三种情况：在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语、定语，或被谓语动词分隔开。如：
①Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?你还记得十年前的一天下午，我来到你家，找你借了一条钻石项链吗?
(先行词one afternoon与定语从句被状语ten years ago分隔开了)
②A new teacher will eOlTle tomorrow who will teach you German.明天，一位新老师将来教你们德语。(先行词a new teacher与定语从句被谓语部分和时间状语will come tomorrow隔开了)关系代词在下列情况下常省略：(1)作及物动词的宾语时;(2)作介词的宾语，当关系代词与介词分开使用时，可以省略。但若是关系代词与介词连用，则不能省略。如：
①The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(作动词put的宾语)
②who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作介词to的宾语)
③Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那儿借的这本英文小说。(关系代词不能省略)
有些句型结构如同位语从句、状语从句和强调句与定语从句结构较相似，稍不认真就会出错。
1.定语从句与同位语从句的区别
定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一一步说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如：
①He makes a promise that if he Call get the job，he will work hard to make as much money as he can for the eompany.他许诺如果他能获得那份工作，他将努力为公司挣尽可能多的
钱。(that引导的同位语从句是对先行词a promise的进一步解释和说明)
②Mike’s parents made a special promise to Tom that surprisedTom.迈克的父母对汤姆许下了一个特别的诺言，这使得汤姆很惊奇。(that引导的定语从句是对先行词promise的修饰和限制)
2.定语从句与强调句的区别
定语从句和强调句的判断方法：若将句中的“It is/was…that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强
调句。如：
It was in 1 998 that the flood destroyed many houses in Jiangxi.在1998年，洪水毁坏了江西地区很多的房屋。(强调句)
(判断方法：如果去掉it was和that，剩下in 1998 the flood destroyed many houses in Jiangxi，句子结构完整，可判定原句为强调句)
3.定语从句与状语从句的区别
定语从句在句子中作定语，修饰名词、代词或句子;并且，这个被修饰的名词、代词或句子称为先行词，通常放在定语从句之前。状语从句在句子中作状语，修饰动词;通常不同的状语从句有不同的连词，位置较灵活，通常放在句首或句末，有时也放在句中。
以where为例来说明：
①Let’s have a short meeting where we met last time.我们在上次见面的地方开个短会吧。(Where we met last time是地点状语从句，在句中作地点状语，表示开会的地方)
②This is the place where we had a meeting last time.这就是我们上次开会的地方。(Where we had a meeting last time是定语从句，在句中作定语修饰the place)
【试题放送】
【2012山东卷】23. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.
A. them B. that
C. which D. what
【答案】
【解析】此处先行词是two novels，后面是一个非限制性定语从句且介词前置，因此用both of which引导。句意：Maria写了两部小说，两部都被拍成了电视剧。
【考点】考查非限制性定语从句的用法。
【2012福建卷】23. The air quality in the city, ________is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
A. that B. it C. as D. what
【考点】本题考查定语从句的引导词
【答案】C
【解析】本句难点是把定语从句分割出来放在句首就很明了了，把句子转换成 is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定语从句引导词放句首指的是下文所提到的一句话用as引导“正如在 所写的那样”。
【2012安徽卷】29. Alot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
A. as B. it C. which D. This
【答案】A
【解析】如果选择B或D 就出现了两个句子了。本题考查非限制性定语从句,关系代词指整个一句话Alot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。传统考法是直接把从句放在句首，我不知道这里是不是算作句首，我相信学生们也会是一头雾水吧。【as用在句首，which用在句末，正确答案应该是A】
【考点】考查定语从句。
【2012北京卷】26. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
【答案】 B
【考点】非限制性定语从句，which作表语。
【2012全国II】8. That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
【答案】B
【解析】这里that evening是先行词，其在定语从句中作介词about的宾语，所以用which。句意：以后我将和你谈起的那个晚上，我工作到了很晚。
【考点】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。
【2012届广西桂林市、崇左市、百色市、防城港市高考联合调研】32.—We’ll take the conditions into careful consideration you have attached to this contract.
—Thanks. Hope for further cooperation.
A.as B.which C.where D.what
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处the conditions是先行词，其在定语从句中作to的宾语。故用which。
【河南省郑州市2012届英语信息卷(三)】13. Do you remember a certain occasion ______ you were in trouble and at that moment I gave you a hand.
A. where B. which C. why D. when
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。根据后面的时间短语at that moment可知occasion指时间，故要使用关系副词when，相当于at which time。
【2012届保定市高三第一次模拟】32. Lisa，I guess we'd better fix a navigational aid(导航仪)to the car_________we can find our way easily.
A. which B. that C. from which D. with which
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a navigational aid为先行词，其在定语从句中作with的宾语。句意：丽萨，我认为我们最好在车上安装导航仪，用它我们能容易地找到路。
【2012届河北省邯郸市高三第一次模拟考试】26. Leave him a note at the reception desk, he will learn how to find you.
A. which B. from which C. with which D. on which
【答案】B
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。此处a note是先行词，其在定语从句中作from的宾语。
相当于：he will learn how to find you from the note。
【2012届河北省普通高考模拟】26.-----How about your job-hunting?
-----No luck.Now，I’ve reached the stage________I don’t care what I do.
A. which B. where C.when D. that
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处the stage是先行词，其在定语从句中作地点状语。句意：现在我到了我不关心做什么的境地。
【2012届四川省成都石室中学高三二诊模拟】7.A turning point of the continuously high housing price won't appear suddenly because there must be a certain process ___ many factors lead to the change.
A.which B.what C.where D.that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处process作先行词，其在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where。
【2012届四川省成都石室中学高三二诊模拟】10.Jane's struggle to make a place for herself in the music circle is the kind of life story___a fascinating novel might be written.
A.where B.by whom C.for what D.about which
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处life story是先行词，其后是介词前置的定语从句。相当于a fascinating novel might be written about the story。
【2012届江西省六校联考】26. More teens are smoking in Beijing, ______ the number of primary and middle school students picking up the habit has more than doubled from previous years.
A. which B. when C. where D. that
【答案】 C
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。Beijing 是先行词，在从句中做地点状语，因此用where引导定语从句。
【2012届浙江杭州重点高中原创模拟】17. Judging from his face_______ there was a confident smile, we knew that he didn’t lose heart.
A. in which B. from which C. by which D. on which
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句介词+关系代词的用法。a confident smile on his face.句意为：从他脸上自信的笑容来判断，我们知道他没灰心。故选D。
【2012届浙江杭州重点高中原创模拟】19. We have spotted the location, _______ we thought is the site of Emperor Qin Shihuang.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
【答案】C 考查定语从句。分析句子可知空格出引导定语从句，we thought 是插入语，从句缺少主语，应考虑用关系代词，又是非限制性定语从句，故选C。
【2012届浙江省重点中学协作体4月调研】14. ---When did the young man save you?
---January 1st,2000, the first day of the new century,_______ I can never forget.
A. when B. which C. that D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。先行词the first day在定语从句中作宾语。
高三英语教案：《定语从句要点专题精讲》教学设计
经验告诉我们，成功是留给有准备的人。高中教师在教学前就要准备好教案，做好充分的准备。教案可以让学生更好地进入课堂环境中来，帮助高中教师更好的完成实现教学目标。关于好的高中教案要怎么样去写呢？下面是由小编为大家整理的“高三英语教案：《定语从句要点专题精讲》教学设计”，希望能对您有所帮助，请收藏。
本文题目：高三英语语法教案：定语从句要点专题精讲
【考纲解读】
定语从句在历年的高考全国卷及各地卷的单项填空中，都是考试热点。在今后的高考试题中，定语从句仍是考查的重点。
定语从句常被考查的知识有：(1)九个不同的关系代词或副词引导的限制性定语从句;(2)七个不同的关系代词或副词引导的非限制性定语从句;(3)对as，which，that，what代词的理解区分及运用。考查往往是通过关系代词或关系副词来实现，并考查定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句的区别。总之，对定语从句的考查主要集中在关系代词和关系副词的选择上，我们尤其要注意“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
【知识要点】
一、定语从句的意义?
形容词性从句一般称为定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。?
定语从句的位置：一般置于先行词之后，由关系代词和关系副词引导。??
二、关系词的用法?
引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose。?
关系副词有when，where，why等。?
关系代词和关系副词不仅有连接先行词和从句的作用，而且在从句中担当一个句子成分。
1.关系代词的用法：?
1)由who引导的定语从句?
关系代词who只能指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。如：?
A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student.?
教师是传授知识的人。(关系代词在从句中作主语)?
The man who can do this work will get 1000 dollars.?
能够做此工作的人将获得1000美元。(关系代词who在从句中作主语)?
2)由whom引导的定语从句?
关系代词whom只能指人，是who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，在口语中常常省略。如：?
The man whom you met on the street is my father.?
你在街上碰到的那个人是我父亲。(关系代词who在从句中作宾语，可以省略)?
The woman (whom)you talked with yesterday will come here the day after tomorrow.?
昨天和你谈话的那位妇女后天来这儿。(关系代词whom在从句中作宾语，可以?省略)??
3)由that引导的定语从句?
关系代词that在从句中既可以作主语，又可作宾语;既可指人，又可指物。如：?
She is the woman that often comes here.?
她就是常常来这儿的那个妇女。(关系代词that在从句中作主语，指人)?
The book that is on the desk was written by my grandfather.?
桌子上的那本书是我祖父写的。(关系代词that在从句中作主语，指物。此句中的that可以用which替换)?
Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能为你做点什么呢?(关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指物。此句中的that不能用which替换)?
The passenger and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane. 仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。(这句的关系代词that不能用which替换，因为它在此句中既指人又指物)?
4)由which引导的定语从句?
关系代词which一般指物，在从句中可作主语，也可以作宾语。如：?
He came late，which made the teacher angry.?
他来晚了，这使老师很生气。(which引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语)?
That is the pencil which I lost yesterday.?
那就是我昨天丢失的铅笔。(which引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作宾语，which可以省略)5)由whose引导的定语从句?
关系代词whose是who的所有格，在从句中作定语，既可指人，又可指物。如：?
This is the boy whose parents died last year. 这是那个父母去年去世的男孩。 (whose作定语，指人)?
注：“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”。如：?
They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.(= the back wall of which)他们来到后墙已经倒塌的一个房子。?
He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.(= whose name)他写了本书，书的名字我彻底忘了。
2.使用关系代词引导定语从句时应注意的几点?
1)当先行词指人时，许多情况下既可以用that也可以用who，但在下列情况下，宜用who而不用that。?
先行词是one，ones，anyone时，宜用who。如：?
Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.?
任何触犯法律的人都应该受到?惩罚。??
先行词为those时，宜用who。如：?
Those who want to see the film sign up here. 想看电影的人在这儿签名。?
一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用that，另一个用who。?
The boy that you met at the school gate yesterday morning is our monitor who studies very hard.
昨天早上你在校门口遇到的那个男孩是我们班学习很用功的班长。?
2)当先行词指物时，许多情况下，既可以用关系代词which，也可用关系代词that，但在下列情况中，只能用关系代词that，而不用which。?
在there+be 的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。如：?
There are two novels that I want to read.我要读的有两本小说。?
There is no work that can be done now. 没有什么工作现在能做的了。?
当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时。如：?
This is the book that was bought yesterday.这就是昨天买的书。?
Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.我们的学校不再是以前的学校了。
以Here is (are)开头的句子时。如：?
Here is a film that will move anyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。?
Here are two books that I will buy.这是我要买的两本书。?
It is (high)time+定语从句中。如：?
It is time that we should have a rest.我们应该休息了。?
It is high time that they started out.他们该动身了。?
当先行词是way等词时，关系代词用that或者in which在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，常可省略。如：?
This is the way that my father did this work.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。?
She admired the way in which I answered the questions.她羡慕我回答问题的方式。?
在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一个从句用who或者which引导时，那么另一个从句用that引导。如：?
He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest.?
他是我曾经看到过跳的最高的学生。?
My brother studies in the school which is the most beautiful in our city that isn’t far from here.?
我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书，并且离这儿不远。?
当先行词被the last ，the very 和the only修饰时。如：?
This is the very pen that I am looking for.这正是我找的钢笔。?
The only book I want to read is missing.我惟一想看的书不见了。?
在强调句子中，并且以who，which，what开头时。如：?
Who was it that was lost ?究竟是谁迷路了?(此句中，最好不用who来代替that，避免重复)What was it that you did last week?你上周究竟做什么了??
当先行词前有序数词时。如：?
You are the first person that I want to ask for. 你是我要见的第一个人。?
This is the second book that I have ever written.这是我写的第二本书。?
当先行词被all，every，no，some，few，little，much，both等修饰时，如：?
This is all that I want to say at the meeting.这就是我在会上要说的。?
Have you any books that are worth reading? 你有值得看的书吗??
当先行词既指人又指物时。如：?
The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them.?
我听说的那位教授和他的成就得到他们的赞美。?
Let’s talk about the persons and the things that we can remember.?
让我们谈论能够想起的人和事。?
当先行词为anything，everything，nothing时，关系代词用that,不用which;但用something时，用which或者that均可。如：?
Everything we have seen in China is moving.我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。?
I have nothing that is worth reading.我没有什么值得一读的东西。?
当先行词是疑问代词who时。如：?
Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess? 你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他??
3)that，which，whom在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。如：?
This is the book (which)you were looking for yesterday. 这就是你昨天找的那本书。?
I don’t like the novel (that)you are reading.我不喜欢你看的这本小说。?
4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句的人称、数与先行词一致。如：?
Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon.?
请那些年龄在四十几岁的人于今天下午去进行体检。?
(先行词those是复数，关系代词who也就看作是复数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了复数形式are了)?
This is the magazine which was sent to me by post.这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。?
(先行词the magazine是单数，关系代词which也就看作是单数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了单数形式was sent)?
5)定语从句的时态不要求与主句时态一致。如：?
The story which I read last night is very interesting.?
我昨天晚上看的那则故事非常有趣。
3.关系副词的用法?
1)when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有time，day，morning，night，week，year 等。如：?
I still remember the time when I first became a college student.?
我仍然记得我成为大学生的那个时刻。?
Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 你知道林肯出生的日期吗??
注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如：?
Each time he came，he did his best to help us.每次他来，都尽他所能帮我们。?
2)where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有place，spot，street，house，room，city，town，country等。如：?
This is the hotel where they are staying.这是他们住的旅馆。?
I forget the house where the Smiths lived.我不记得史密斯先生住过的房子了。?
注：where有时也可以省略。如：?
This is the place (where)we met yesterday. 这是我们昨天见面的地方。?
3)why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如：?
That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.那就是他为什么要离开的原因。?
注：why时常也可以省略。如：?
That is the real reason he did it.那就是他做此事的真正原因。
4.使用关系副词应注意下列几点：?
1)这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：?
when = on (in，at，during...)+which;?
where = in (at，on...)+which;?
why = for which.如：?
I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which)he arrived.?
他到的时候，当时我正在北京。?
The office where (=in which)he works is on the third floor.?
他工作的办公室在?三楼。??
This is the chief reason why (=for which)we did it.这是我们做这件事的主要原因。?
2)当先行词是表时间的time，day等和表地点的place，house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：?
I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.?
我将永远不会忘记我的家乡被解放的那一天。?
I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.?
我将永远不会忘记去年夏天我们共同度过的那段时光。?
3)when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。??
三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句?
在这种结构中，关系代词若是表示人时，就只能用whom;关系代词若是表示事物时，就只能用which。
1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只能用which (指物)或whom 关系代词不能省略。如：
He has found a good job for which he is qualified.?
他找到了一份他能胜任的工作。?
(qualify + 名词+for意为“使……具有……资格”)?
The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow.?
你刚才与他谈话的那个人明天主持那个会议。( talk to+名词意为“与某人谈话”)?
He is bargaining with the landlord over the monthly price at which the apartment rents. 他在与房东就那套公寓出租的月租金进行磋商。(名词+rent at+表示价格的词意为“某物以某价格出租”)
2.当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which(指物)，that/whom/who(指人)作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。如：?
This is the hero (that/who/whom)we are proud of.这就是我们引以为豪的英雄。?
This is the pen ( that/which)I wrote the letter with.这就是我用来写信的那枝笔。
3.“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。?
He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree.?
他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大高树。?
The monkey crossed the river，in the middle of which he was almost killed.?
那只猴子过了河，在河中央它差点淹死。?
注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：?
This is the pen which I’m looking for.这正是我在寻找的那枝笔。?
The boys he is looking after are very healthy. 他照看的那些小男孩都很健康。
4.介词+关系代词=关系副词?
1)这就是我们去年住过的房间。?
This is the room which we lived in last year.?
This is the room in which we lived last year.?
This is the room where we lived last year.?
2)我仍然记得我入党的那一天。?
I still remember the day on which I joined the Party.?
I still remember the day when I joined the Party.?
通过对上述知识的掌握，对于一个句子我们可用不同的表达方法来表达。如：?
那就是他工作的大学。?
四、定语从句的种类以及区别
1.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
和先行词的关系密切(删去后，影响整个句子意义的表达) 和先行词的关系不密切(是一种补充说明，删去后不影响整个句子意义的表达)
不用逗号分开 一般使用逗号分开
可用关系代词that引导 不可用关系代词that引导
可以省略(that，who，which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略) 不可以省略
可以替代(whom作宾语时，可用who或that替代) 不能替代
只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分 修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，此时定语从句前有逗号分开，只能用which或as引导。
请看下面例句的不同含义：?
限制性：她有两个当解放军的儿子。?
She has two sons who are P.L.A.men.?
(Maybe she has other sons who are not P.L.A.men.)?
非限制性：她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。?
She has two sons，who are P.L.A.men.?
(She has only two sons.They are both P.L.A.men.)?
体会下列非限制性定语从句?
Yesterday I met Li Ping，who seemed to be busy.?
昨天我遇到了李平，他看起来?很忙。??
We will put off the meeting until next week，when we won’t be so busy.?
我们将把会议推迟到下周举行，到那时我们就不会这么忙了。
2.关系代词which与as引导定语从句的区别?
which与as都可以引导定语从句，但它们有许多用法上的区别，现就此简要分析如下：??
1)which与as引导非限定性定语从句的区别：?
which只能放在主句后面，而as引导的从句位置相对较灵活，可在前，可在后。如：?
As he realized，I was very useful to him.?
(在前)正像他所意识到的那样，我对他非常有用。?
Air，as we know，is a gas.(在中)空气，众所周知，是一种气体。?
He was a foreigner，as I know from his accent.?
(在后)他是个外国人，正像我从他的口音判断的那样。?
He came late again，which made his boss angry.?
(在后)他又来晚了，这一点使得老板很生气。?
在which引导的定语从句中，谓语动词若是am，is，are，则这些系动词不能省略，而as后面若是这种情况，则可以省略。如：?
He is a teacher，as (is)clear from his manner.(is可以省略)他是个老师，这从他的言谈举止可看清楚。?
He said he had never seen her before，which was not true.?
(was 不可省略)他说他从来没见过她，这一点不对。?
当which引导的从句在意义上近乎并列关系时，可以用and this，and that代替，意思是“这件事”。如：?
He changed his mind，which (and this，and that)made me very angry.?
他改变了主意，这使我很生气。?
She has married again，which (and this，and that)was unexpected.?
出乎意料的是，她又结婚了。?
而as主要起与上下文连接的作用，表达说话人的看法、观点，并指出主句内容的出处或根据等。如：?
Einstein，as we know，is a famous scientist.爱因斯坦，众所周知，是位伟大的科学家。?
As is announced in today’s newspaper，we must improve our style of work.?
今天的报纸上说，我们必须改进工作作风。?
作主语时，which既可以作系动词be的主语，也可以作实义动词的主语，而as只可以作系动词be的主语。如:?
He married her，which was natural.?
(可用as代替which)他和她结婚，这是很自然的事。??
He won a/the Nobel Prize in chemistry，which made him illustrious.?
(不可用as代替which)他获得了诺贝尔化学奖，这使他名扬天下。?
当定语从句位于主句之后，纯粹表示主句所述的内容，不带有“如……那样”的意思时，往往用which，而不用as。如：?
They were invited to the state banquet，which was a great honor to them.?
他们被邀请参加国宴，这对他们来说是莫大的荣幸。?
We had to sleep in our wet clothes，which was most uncomfortable.?
我们不得不穿着湿衣服睡觉，这简直太不舒服了。?
Mummy always treats me just like a baby，which I can’t bear.?
妈妈老把我当成小孩子对待，这让我无法忍受。?
当定语从句有“如同……那样”的意思时，用as比用which更常见，而这些从句几乎成为固定说法。如：
Things will turn out contrary to one’s wishes，as is often the case.?
事与愿违，这是常有的事。?
As was natural， this inordinate hope was followed by an excessive depression.?
这种过分希望之后，接着是极度的沮丧，是很自然的事。?
Chaucer is buried in “Poet’s Corner”，as might have been expected.?
正如人们已经预料的，乔叟被葬在“诗人角”。?
The material is elastic，as is show in the figure.这种材料有弹性，如图所示。?
as we know众所周知?
as has been said above/before正如前文所述?
as has been pointed out正如已经指出的?
as might be imagined可以想像得到?
当定语从句的关系代词指的是先行词本身时，只能用which。如：?
These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit.?
这些苹果树是我三年前种下的，没结出任何果实。?
The Thames，which is now clean enough to swim in，was polluted for over a hundred years.?
泰晤士河，现在已经很干净，可以在里面游泳，它曾被污染了一百多年。?
带介词的典型的定语从句，必须用which，不能用as。如：?
There is a great deal of oxygen around us，without which we could not live.我们周围有许多氧气，没有它我们就无法生存。?
The shed in our garden，in which we often played，has lasted for a long time.?
我们经常玩耍的花园里的那个棚子，已经有很长时间了。?
2)引导限制性定语从句时which与as的区别：?
先行词如为表示物的名词或代词，在从句中又作介词的宾语时，只能用which。如：?
This is the pan in which I boiled the milk. 这就是我煮牛奶的锅。?
前面有as时,引导定语从句的关系代词用as，不用which。如：?
There are as many dictionaries as are needed.所需要的字典都有了。?
前面有such时，引导定语从句的关系代词用as,不用which。如：?
Such women as know Tom thought he was charming.?
认识汤姆的女人都认为他很?迷人。??
I have never heard such stories as he tells.他讲的那些故事我从没听过。?
He is not such a man as I expected.他不是我期望的那种人。?
前面有the same时，引导定语从句的关系代词用as而不用which。如：?
We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.?
我们正面临着和多年以前同样的困难。?
This is the same wallet as I lost.这只钱包与我丢失的那只相同。?
I have the same trouble as you have.我和你有着同样的困难。?
总之，which与as引导定语从句的区别要在实践中多体会，体会多了，才能正确运用。??五、定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致的问题
1.one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数形动词。如：?
Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.《泰坦尼克号》是在好莱坞拍的最好的电影之一。?
2.the (only)one of+复数名词+关系代词+单数形动词。如：?
The Great Wall is the (only)one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.?
长城是地球上惟一一个从月球上能够看到的建筑。?
3.当关系代词as或which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时，若as或which作主语，则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。如：?
Great changes have taken place in China，as is known to all.?
中国发生了巨大的变化，众所周知。?
4.其他情况?
I，who am your teacher，will try my best to help you.我，你的老师，要尽全力帮助你。?
To own a colour TV set in each family，which we thought was impossible twenty years ago，now becomes true.?
每家拥有一台彩电，这在20年前我们认为不可能的事情，现在变成了现实。?
Have you heard of the persons and things that are being talked about??
你听说了他们谈论的人和事了吗???
【考点诠释】
定语从句
考点1 “介词+关系代词which/whom”中介词和关系代词的选择
介词后作宾语的关系代词为历年高考考查的重点，一般来讲有两个：指人时只能用whom，指物时只能用which。当然关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如：
①The pen with which he wrote was made in China.他写字用的钢笔是中国制造的。
②The train on which Tom travelled to Canada was very fast.汤姆到加拿大去时乘坐的火车速度非常快。
③The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.那位老师对他的学生非常有耐心，他家的房子前面有一棵大树。
考点2 as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的判定
1.as引导的从句表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、解释或评论。
(1)此时的as意为“正如……，正像……”。翻译时有时可不必译出。如：
You are clever，as all those who know you can see.你很聪明，所有认识你的人都能看出来。
(2)在句法上，as常用作一些实义动词(如see，know，hear，watch，remember，say，tell，show，expect，guess等)的宾语，这类动词与as几乎成了一种固定搭配。如：
As we all know，China is becoming stronger and stronger.众所周知，中国正变得越来越强大。
(3)as引导的从句可以前置(而which引导的从句则不可)。如：
As is a fact，Mike is expected to make a top student.这是一个事实，迈克有望成为一名顶尖的学生。
特别提示
主句中出现the same，such，so修饰先行词时，要选择as作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，此时as引导的是限制性定语从句。另外要注意：
(1)the same…that与the same…as引导的定语从句在意义上的区别：前者修饰的名词与原物是同一个东西;而后者修饰的是与先行词同类型的另一样东西。试比较：
①This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.这正是我昨天丢失的那个书包。(同一个书包)
②This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.这个书包和我昨天丢失的那个一样。(同类型的另一个)
(2)such/so…as…和such /so…that…结构不同，as引导定语从句，而that引导状语从句。如：
①They talked in such simple English as children could understand.他们用孩子们能听懂的简单的英语交谈。(定语从句，as代替先行词simple English作understand的宾语)
②He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke.他如此用力地关窗，结果玻璃碎了。(结果状语从句，that引导的从句表示用力关窗导致的结果)
2.which引导的此类从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。
(1)which此时指前面主句所提到的，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。主句与从句通常要用逗号隔开，且从句只能位于被修饰句子的后面。如：
He works very well，which makes his boss satisfied.他工作干得不错.，这使得他的老板很满意。
(2)which在句法上一般用作实义动词的主语，这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。如：
She succeeded in the competition，which satisfied her parents.她在比赛中取得成功，这使得她的父母很满意。
(3)在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时，要用which。如：He often works far into the night，by which time everyone else has left the office.他通常工作到深夜，到那时其他人
已下班了。
特别提示
高考一般不考查as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别，但近年高考试题中出现过这个考点。一般来说，如果从句的含义是顺接主句的叙述，那么这两个词都可以使用;如果从句的含义是对主句的否定，或者语意不是顺接的，则只能用which。如：
①He came late to school，which/as was what we had expected.他上学迟到了，这是我们意料中的。
②He came late to school，which surprised US a11.他上学迟到了，这让我们所有人都很惊讶。(不可用as)
考点3 关系代词、关系副词引导定语从句的辨别
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语;而关系副词在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因等状语。一般来说，关系副词在语义上相当于”介词+which”结构。试比较：
①I’ll never forget the days which I spent with you.我不会忘记我们在一起度过的岁月。(which在定语从句中作spent的宾语)
②I’ll never forget the days when(=in which)we studied in Beijing.我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京学习的时光。(when在定语从句中作时间状语，studied在此处为不及物动词，后面不再接宾语)
考点4 定语从句的间隔现象
定语从句一般紧接被它修饰的先行词，但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫做被分隔的定语从句。在这种情况下，对关系词的准确判断显得相当重要，而且在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读时要注意识别。一般来说，定语从句被分割开来大致有以下三种情况：在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语、定语，或被谓语动词分隔开。如：
①Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?你还记得十年前的一天下午，我来到你家，找你借了一条钻石项链吗?
(先行词one afternoon与定语从句被状语ten years ago分隔开了)
②A new teacher will eOlTle tomorrow who will teach you German.明天，一位新老师将来教你们德语。(先行词a new teacher与定语从句被谓语部分和时间状语will come tomorrow隔开了)关系代词在下列情况下常省略：(1)作及物动词的宾语时;(2)作介词的宾语，当关系代词与介词分开使用时，可以省略。但若是关系代词与介词连用，则不能省略。如：
①The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(作动词put的宾语)
②who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作介词to的宾语)
③Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那儿借的这本英文小说。(关系代词不能省略)
有些句型结构如同位语从句、状语从句和强调句与定语从句结构较相似，稍不认真就会出错。
1.定语从句与同位语从句的区别
定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一一步说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如：
①He makes a promise that if he Call get the job，he will work hard to make as much money as he can for the eompany.他许诺如果他能获得那份工作，他将努力为公司挣尽可能多的
钱。(that引导的同位语从句是对先行词a promise的进一步解释和说明)
②Mike’s parents made a special promise to Tom that surprisedTom.迈克的父母对汤姆许下了一个特别的诺言，这使得汤姆很惊奇。(that引导的定语从句是对先行词promise的修饰和限制)
2.定语从句与强调句的区别
定语从句和强调句的判断方法：若将句中的“It is/was…that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强
调句。如：
It was in 1 998 that the flood destroyed many houses in Jiangxi.在1998年，洪水毁坏了江西地区很多的房屋。(强调句)
(判断方法：如果去掉it was和that，剩下in 1998 the flood destroyed many houses in Jiangxi，句子结构完整，可判定原句为强调句)
3.定语从句与状语从句的区别
定语从句在句子中作定语，修饰名词、代词或句子;并且，这个被修饰的名词、代词或句子称为先行词，通常放在定语从句之前。状语从句在句子中作状语，修饰动词;通常不同的状语从句有不同的连词，位置较灵活，通常放在句首或句末，有时也放在句中。
以where为例来说明：
①Let’s have a short meeting where we met last time.我们在上次见面的地方开个短会吧。(Where we met last time是地点状语从句，在句中作地点状语，表示开会的地方)
②This is the place where we had a meeting last time.这就是我们上次开会的地方。(Where we had a meeting last time是定语从句，在句中作定语修饰the place)
【试题放送】
【2012山东卷】23. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.
A. them B. that
C. which D. what
【答案】
【解析】此处先行词是two novels，后面是一个非限制性定语从句且介词前置，因此用both of which引导。句意：Maria写了两部小说，两部都被拍成了电视剧。
【考点】考查非限制性定语从句的用法。
【2012福建卷】23. The air quality in the city, ________is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
A. that B. it C. as D. what
【考点】本题考查定语从句的引导词
【答案】C
【解析】本句难点是把定语从句分割出来放在句首就很明了了，把句子转换成 is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定语从句引导词放句首指的是下文所提到的一句话用as引导“正如在 所写的那样”。
【2012安徽卷】29. Alot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
A. as B. it C. which D. This
【答案】A
【解析】如果选择B或D 就出现了两个句子了。本题考查非限制性定语从句,关系代词指整个一句话Alot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。传统考法是直接把从句放在句首，我不知道这里是不是算作句首，我相信学生们也会是一头雾水吧。【as用在句首，which用在句末，正确答案应该是A】
【考点】考查定语从句。
【2012北京卷】26. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
【答案】 B
【考点】非限制性定语从句，which作表语。
【2012全国II】8. That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
【答案】B
【解析】这里that evening是先行词，其在定语从句中作介词about的宾语，所以用which。句意：以后我将和你谈起的那个晚上，我工作到了很晚。
【考点】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。
【2012届广西桂林市、崇左市、百色市、防城港市高考联合调研】32.—We’ll take the conditions into careful consideration you have attached to this contract.
—Thanks. Hope for further cooperation.
A.as B.which C.where D.what
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处the conditions是先行词，其在定语从句中作to的宾语。故用which。
【河南省郑州市2012届英语信息卷(三)】13. Do you remember a certain occasion ______ you were in trouble and at that moment I gave you a hand.
A. where B. which C. why D. when
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。根据后面的时间短语at that moment可知occasion指时间，故要使用关系副词when，相当于at which time。
【2012届保定市高三第一次模拟】32. Lisa，I guess we'd better fix a navigational aid(导航仪)to the car_________we can find our way easily.
A. which B. that C. from which D. with which
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a navigational aid为先行词，其在定语从句中作with的宾语。句意：丽萨，我认为我们最好在车上安装导航仪，用它我们能容易地找到路。
【2012届河北省邯郸市高三第一次模拟考试】26. Leave him a note at the reception desk, he will learn how to find you.
A. which B. from which C. with which D. on which
【答案】B
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。此处a note是先行词，其在定语从句中作from的宾语。
相当于：he will learn how to find you from the note。
【2012届河北省普通高考模拟】26.-----How about your job-hunting?
-----No luck.Now，I’ve reached the stage________I don’t care what I do.
A. which B. where C.when D. that
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处the stage是先行词，其在定语从句中作地点状语。句意：现在我到了我不关心做什么的境地。
【2012届四川省成都石室中学高三二诊模拟】7.A turning point of the continuously high housing price won't appear suddenly because there must be a certain process ___ many factors lead to the change.
A.which B.what C.where D.that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处process作先行词，其在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where。
【2012届四川省成都石室中学高三二诊模拟】10.Jane's struggle to make a place for herself in the music circle is the kind of life story___a fascinating novel might be written.
A.where B.by whom C.for what D.about which
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处life story是先行词，其后是介词前置的定语从句。相当于a fascinating novel might be written about the story。
【2012届江西省六校联考】26. More teens are smoking in Beijing, ______ the number of primary and middle school students picking up the habit has more than doubled from previous years.
A. which B. when C. where D. that
【答案】 C
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。Beijing 是先行词，在从句中做地点状语，因此用where引导定语从句。
【2012届浙江杭州重点高中原创模拟】17. Judging from his face_______ there was a confident smile, we knew that he didn’t lose heart.
A. in which B. from which C. by which D. on which
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句介词+关系代词的用法。a confident smile on his face.句意为：从他脸上自信的笑容来判断，我们知道他没灰心。故选D。
【2012届浙江杭州重点高中原创模拟】19. We have spotted the location, _______ we thought is the site of Emperor Qin Shihuang.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
【答案】C 考查定语从句。分析句子可知空格出引导定语从句，we thought 是插入语，从句缺少主语，应考虑用关系代词，又是非限制性定语从句，故选C。
【2012届浙江省重点中学协作体4月调研】14. ---When did the young man save you?
---January 1st,2000, the first day of the new century,_______ I can never forget.
A. when B. which C. that D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。先行词the first day在定语从句中作宾语。
高三英语教案：《状语从句复习》教学设计
一名优秀的教师在教学方面无论做什么事都有计划和准备，作为教师就要精心准备好合适的教案。教案可以让上课时的教学氛围非常活跃，有效的提高课堂的教学效率。写好一份优质的教案要怎么做呢？下面是小编帮大家编辑的《高三英语教案：《状语从句复习》教学设计》，仅供您在工作和学习中参考。
本文题目：高三英语复习教案：状语从句复习教案
【备考策略】
一、地点状语从句
地点状高考资源网语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。
Where I live there are plenty of trees.
我住的地方树很多。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
不管我在哪里我都会想到你。
二、方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。
1) as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体，例如：
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
2) as if, as though
两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如：
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。(与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。)
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。)
说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。
三、原因状语从句
比较：because, since, as和for
1)because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2)由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
四、目的状语从句
表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导，例如：
You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
五、结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由so… that 或 such…that引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。
比较：so和 such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many / few flowers such nice flowers
so much / little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
( so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。)
so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。
The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school
六、条件状语从句
连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.
if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。
unless = if not.
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.
典型例题
You will be late ___ you leave immediately.
A. unlessB. untilC. ifD. or
答案A。 句意：除非你立即走，否则你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late.B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.
七、让步状语从句
though, although
注意： 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.
虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
He is very old, but he still works very hard.
虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.
伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。 (谚语)
典型例题
1) ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. WhenB. HoweverC. AlthoughD. Unless
答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。
2)as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)。
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
注意： a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。
b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
= Though he tries hard, he never seems…
虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。
3)ever if, even though.即使
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whether…or-不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5)"no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever"
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替换：no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
(错)No matter what you say is of no use now.
(对)Whatever you say is of no use now.
你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)
(错)Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,
(对)Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。
比较while, when, as
1)as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3)从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用when 或while。
As the day went on, the weather got worse.
日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。
比较until和till
此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时"，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事"。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。 正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。
肯定句：
I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call you.等着我叫你。
(在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.)
否定句：
She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.
她直到6点才到。
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.
公共汽车停稳后再下车。
I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how.直到你教我后，我才会做。
1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。
2)Until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。
---Until when are you staying?你呆到什么时候?
--- Until next Monday.呆到下周一。
注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
(1)Not until …在句首，主句用倒装。
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
(2)It is not until… that…
表示"一…就…"的结构
hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思，例：
I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：
Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain
w.w考点解析
一、时间状语从句：主要由when，whenever，after，before，as，(ever)since，once，as soon as，(not)until，while等连词引导
典型例题：
We had hardly got into the country ______ it began to rain.答案(A)
A. when B. before C. than D. after
1. 比较while, when, as
1)as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3)从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用when 或while。
As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。
2. 表示"一…就…"的结构, hardly/scarcely…when /before, no sooner…than 和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思，
例：I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：
Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain
3. 比较until和till 此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时"，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事"。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。 正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。
肯定句： I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。
在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.)
否定句：She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. 她直到6点才到。
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。
I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。
1) Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。
2) Until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。
---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候?
--- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。
(3) Not until …在句首，主句用倒装。
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
(4) It is not until… that… 表示强调，“直到。。。才。。。”。
二、地点状语从句, 通常由where, wherever 引导。
Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方树很多。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。
三、条件状语从句： 表条件的状语从句主要连接词有if，whether，as long as (只要)，unless, as/so long as, on condition that ，provided(只要) (that)等。
if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句在虚拟语气中阐述。 另外， unless = if not.
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. == If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.
典型例题 :
You will be late ___ you leave immediately.
A. unless B. until C. ifD. or
答案A。 句意：除非你立即走，否则你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late. B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.
四、原因状语从句： 原因状语从句可由as，because，since及for引导， 比较：because, since, as和for
1) because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2) 由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
五、结果状语从句： 结果状语从句常由so… that 或 such…that引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。
1. 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many / few flowers such nice flowers
so much / little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people( so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。)
2. so…that与such…that之间的转换
The boy is so young that he can't go to school. ==== He is such a young boy that he can't go to school
六、 目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导，例如：
You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
七、让步状语从句： 让步状语从句通常由(even)though，although，no matter，even if ，however，whatever等词引导
注意：
1 ). 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field. 虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
He is very old, but he still works very hard. 虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。 (谚语)
典型例题:
___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless 答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。
2) as, though 引导的倒装句: as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)。
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.== Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
注意： a. 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
b. 句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.== = Though he tries hard, he never seems… 虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。
3) ever if, even though. 即使
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whether…or- 不管……都
Whether you believe it or not 5) "no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever" 表示 “无论。。。”
No matter what happened, he would not mind.=== Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替换：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever no matter which = whicheverno matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
(错)No matter what you say is of no use now.
(对)Whatever you say is of no use now. 你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)
(错)Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,
(对)Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given. 囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。
八、 行为方式状语从句，方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。
1) as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体，例如：
Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
2) as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，
例如：They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。(与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。)
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。)
说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。
五年高考
A组 2012年全国高考题组
1.【2012山东卷32】A number of high buildings have arisen _______ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
A. when B. where
C. before D. until
【答案】B
【解析】此处是where引导地点状语从句，表示“在……地方”。 句意：很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方矗立起来了。
【考点】考查状语从句的连接词。
2.【2012福建卷,30】It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties_________ gets more financial support from the European Union.
A. if B. unless C. because D. since
【考点】考查从句的连词
【答案】B
【解析】根据句意可知“除非有来自欧洲联盟的更多的经济支持，否则希腊政府很难克服目前的困难”，只能选择unless“除非”才能使句意完整。考查状语从句的连词题事实上非常简单，只要找到句中的关键词，然后从句意上去排除就行了，本题关键词是hard和more financial support。
3.【2012江西卷,31】You can borrow my car you promise not to drive too fast.
A.unless B.even if C.in case D.as lone as
【答案】D
【考点】状语从句
【解析】句意为只要你保证不开得太快，你就可以把我的车借走。A.unless除非，B.even if即使，C.in case以防万一，D.as long as只要。选D。
【2012辽宁卷】30. Leave your key with your neighbor you lock yourself out one day.
A. as long as B. even though C. in case D. as if
【考点】连词用法
【答案】C
【解析】A项意为“只要”;B项意为“尽管”;C项意为“以防”;D项意为“好像”。根据句意：把你的钥匙留给你的邻居，以防你把自己锁在外面了。所以选C项。
4.【2012四川卷,10】 If you happen to get lost in the wild, you’d better stay ______ you are and wait
A. why B. where C. who D. what
【答案】 B
【考点】本题考查地点状语从句。
【解析】where引导的地点状语表明主句动作发生的地点，即：你最好呆在你现在所在的地方。故选B。
5.【2012全国II,11】I had hardly got to the office ______ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
A. when B. than C. until D. after
【答案】A
【解析】此题较易。只要辨认出固定句型hardly. . .when . . .问题即刻解决。句意：我刚到办公室，我妻子就给我打电话让我立刻回家。
【考点】考查固定句型hardly. . .when . . . 的用法。
6.【2012陕西卷,18】Hot _______the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
A. although B. as C. while D. however
【答案】B
【考点】考查状语从句。
【解析】此处hot是做从句的表语，提前说明从句时倒装，即as引导的让步状语从句中，要将从句中的表语，状语，或动词原形提到as之前，故选B。
7.【2012陕西卷,25】All the photographs in this book, _______ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.
A. unless B. until C. once D. if
【答案】A
【考点】考查状语从句。
【解析】题干意思是：除过被标明的以外，书中其余所有的图片都可以追溯到20世纪50年代。所填词表条件，从句用了省略句，引导词意思是：除非，如果不，选A。
8.【2012北京卷,21】—Look at those clouds!
—Don’t worry. ______ it rains, we’ll still have a great time.
A. Even if B. As though C. In case D. If only
【答案】 A
【考点】考查状语从句连接词。【解析】此处even if 即便，as though似乎，in case 以防，if only要是…多好。
9.【2012全国II,11】I had hardly got to the office ______ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
A. when B. than C. until D. after
【答案】A
【解析】此题较易。只要辨认出固定句型hardly. . .when . . .问题即刻解决。句意：我刚到办公室，我妻子就给我打电话让我立刻回家。
【考点】考查固定句型hardly. . .when . . . 的用法。
B组 2008-2011年全国高考题组
1.【2011浙江卷 4】One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away ______my daughter heard cries for help.
A. after B. while C. since D. when
【答案】D
【考点】考察状语从句连接词。
【解析】语义表示我们正在收拾行李，这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。Be doing when表示“正在做某事，这时(突然)…”是常见结构，故选D项。
2.【2011福建卷 33】It was April 29, 2001 ____ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A. that B. when C. since D. before
【答案】B
【考点】考查时间状语从句。
【解析】句意为：2001年4月29日，威廉王子和凯特步入了婚姻的殿堂。
3.【2011四川卷 4】Frank insisted that he was not asleep _____ I had great difficulty in waking him up.
A. whether B. although C. for D. so
【答案】B
【考点】考查状语从句。
【解析】句意为：尽管我很费力才将他叫醒，但Frank坚持说他没有睡着。Although引导让步状语从句。
4.【2011辽宁卷 25】No matter how ________ , it is not necessarily lifeless.
A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may be
C. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be
【答案】B
【考点】考查状语从句。
【解析】句意为：无论沙漠多么的干燥，都不肯能没有生命。How+adj.+陈述语序。
5.【2011陕西卷 19】__________all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.
A. Since B. While C. If D. As
【答案】B
【考点】考查让步状语从句。
【解析】While的意思是“虽然，尽管”，相当于though或although’。这句话的意思是：虽然他们都是强有力的候选人，但只有一个人被选中担任这个职务。
6.【2011天津卷 5】____ regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
A. It B. As C. Although D. Unless
【答案】C
【考点】考查连词。
【解析】although“尽管”; As “如”; Unless “除非”。句意为：尽管有规律的运动很重要，但是在睡前运动不是一个好主意。
7.【10山东】The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ______ accompanied by an adult.
A. once B. when C. if D. unless
【答案】D
【考点】本题考查省略的状语从句的连接词。
【解析】句意应为“学校规章规定：除非有成年人陪同, 否则孩子们在校期间不能出学校。”表示 “除非”用unless。该句式构成了 “连词+过去分词”结构。
8.【10上海】 you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem
C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem
【答案】C
【考点】让步状语从句
【解析】根据句意 “无论你有多么严重的问题, 你都应该鼓起勇气面对挑战”, 而however表让步时其顺序应是：however + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语。however做连接副词, 相当于no matter how,后接形容词或副词, 意为 “无论、不管” , 引导让步状语从句, 其序为 “however+形容词、副词+主语+谓语”。
9.【09浙江】The medicine works more effectively _____ you drink some hot water after taking it.
A. as B. until C. although D. if
【答案】D
【考点】考查连词的用法。
【解析】该题的意思是, 这种药的效果更明显, 如果你在吃药后喝一些开水的话。
10.【09湖南】______ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him.
A. Although B. As long as C. If only D. As soon as
【答案】A
【考点】考查从属连词的用法。
【解析】根据句意, 引导让步状语从句。故选A。
11.【08辽宁】I used to love that film______I was a child, but I don’t feel it that way any more.?A. once B. when C. since D .although
【答案】B
【考点】本题考查连词的用法。
【解析】句意为：当我还是一个小孩子的时候, 我喜欢那部影片。when引导时间状语从句表示 “当……的时候”;C项也可引导时间状语从句, 但意思为 “自从……以来”。
12.【08北京】—Did you return Fred’s call?
—I didn’t need to ____ I’ll see him tomorrow.
A. though B. unless C. when D. because
【答案】D
【考点】本题考查状语从句的引导词。
【解析】因为I’ll see him tomorrow是I didn’t need to的原因, 故该空格处用because表示原因。
三年模拟
A组 2012年全国模拟题组
1.( 浙江省杭州十四中2012届高三3月月考,11)The problem of the present world is that those who are imaginative have little experience
those who are experienced have weak imagination.
A.unless B.although C.because D.while
2.(浙江省2012届高三六校联考试卷,13)______ we have realized the danger of over-consumption, some measures should be adopted as soon as possible.
A. Now that B. As long as C. In order that D. Even if
3.(浙江省部分重点中学2012届高三下学期2月联考,20)It was back home after the experiment.
A.not until midnight did he go B.until midnight that he didn’t go
C.not until midnight that he went D.until midnight when he didn’t go
4.(浙江省岱山县大衢中学2012届高三12月月考,18)She was moving out of her old apartment she suddenly realized that the key to the new apartment wasn’t on her.
A.until B.once C.when D.before
5.(浙江省东阳市南马高中2012届高三下学期入学考试,7)Cynthia is not ashamed of what she does, ______ she ends up doing something wrong.
A. as though B. in case C. even if D. for fear
6.(浙江省奉化市第二中学2012届高三上学期第三次月考,3)
—Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?
—I don’t mind where we get ____ there’s sun, sea and beach.
A. as if B. as long as C. now that D. in order that
7.(浙江省杭州十四中2012届高三2月月考,14)The government has taken more measures to prevent the H1N1 flu from spreading, but it may still be some time _______ it is completely under control.
A. after B. unless C. since D. before
8.(浙江省杭州市西湖高级中学2012届高三3月月考,20)________difficulties we may come across, we'll help one another to overcome them.
A. Wherever B. Whatever C. However D. Whenever
9.(浙江省嘉兴市2012届高三下学期教学质量检查(二),4)You’d better take down all the key points the memory is still fresh in your mind.
A.unless B.while C.before D.until
10.(浙江省临海市杜桥中学2012高三12月月考,14)______ our good cooperation over the past years, let’s meet each other half way. I’ll reduce our price by 5%.
A. In case B. In view of C. In fear of D. In spite of
11.(浙江省任岩松中学2012届高三期初五校联考,18) Many people believe we are heading for environmental disaster _________ we basically change the way we live.
A. but B. although C. unless D. once
12.(浙江省瑞安中学2012届高三上学期期末试题,14)How long do you think ____ the car factory launches a new model?
A. will it be until B. will it be when C. it will be before D. it will be that
B组 2010-2011年全国模拟题组
1.(浙江宁波效实中学2011届高三模拟考试,11)It’s an order that you stop you are doing for the time being and come here immediately.
A.no matter what B.whatever
C.no matter how busy D.however busy
2.(浙江绍兴市2011届高三教学质量测试,9)
--- You will really get into trouble you can’t show enough evidence to the police.
--- I know. I’ll collect enough evidence to prove I’m innocent.
A.unless B.when C.although D.while
3.(浙江省2011届高考考试样卷,9)_______ the house is empty, memories flood my mind of a time when it was filled with life.
A. Since B. Unless C. As if D. Even though
4.(2010学年杭州二中高三年级第一次月考,3)________ people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that
television _______ the newspaper completely.
A. When; replaces B. Although; has replaced
C. What; is to replace D. While; will replace
5.(杭州高中2011届高三年级第七次月考,18)____ they did not believe him, what would they do then?
A. Suppose B. Supposed C.I suppose D. You suppose
6.(浙江省诸暨中学高三12月月考,8)How can you expect to make progress ______ you never listen in class?
A. before B. until C. though D. when
7.(浙江省长兴三中2010届高三第一次月考,29)
---Hi, Bob, are you going to attend tomorrow’s conference?
--- Oh, I’m afraid not, _______ invited to.
A. even if B. as if C. even as D. since
8.(浙江省海盐县元济高级中学2010届高三第一次摸底考试,27) _______ she had time to realize what was happening, she was hit on the head.
A. Since B. Before C. When D. Until
9.(浙江省杭州高级中学2010届高三上学期第一次月考,16)I had just stepped out of the bathroom ______ I heard the steps.
A. while B. when C. since D. after
10.(杭十四中2009学年第一学期9月月考,4)He never hesitates to make _____ criticisms ______ are considered helpful to others.
A. so, that B. so, as C. such, that D. such, as
高三英语定语从句公开课教学设计
古人云，工欲善其事，必先利其器。作为教师就要早早地准备好适合的教案课件。教案可以保证学生们在上课时能够更好的听课，使教师有一个简单易懂的教学思路。你知道如何去写好一份优秀的教案呢？下面的内容是小编为大家整理的高三英语定语从句公开课教学设计，仅供您在工作和学习中参考。
语法专题十二 定语从句(一)
Ⅰ.定义
定语从句，起形容词的作用，在句中常用来修饰名词或代词。被修饰的词称为先行词,引导定语从句的词称为关系词,关系词的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起引导作用;二是在意义上代替先行词,并在从句中充当一个成分。其中关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that,as；关系副词：when,where,why。
eg.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.
Thepenwhichmyunclegavemeismissing.
Helivesinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.
Thefactorywheremyfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.
Perhapsthedaywillcomewhenpeoplewillbeabletobreathecleanairincities.
Ⅱ.关系代词
1.先行词是人，作主语，关系代词用who,that
eg.Heisaman（）neverleavestoday’sworktilltomorrow.
Theboy()isstandingthereismycousin.
2.先行词是人，作宾语，关系代词用whom,who,that,
eg.Hereistheman()you’vebeenexpectingtomeet.
Theman()youmetyesterdayisMr.Smith.
3.先行词是物，作主语，关系代词用which,that
eg.Thetrain（）hasjustleftisforGuangzhou.
Childrenliketoreadbooks()havewonderfulpictures.
4.先行词是物，作宾语，关系代词用which,that,或省略
eg.Thebook()youborrowedyesterdayisreallyinteresting.
Thepen()myunclegavemeismissing.
5.先行词是人、物，作定语，关系代词用whose
eg.Heistheprofessor()namewasJackson.
China,（）populationisthelargestintheworld,isdevelopingveryfast.
Ⅲ.关系副词
1.先行词是表示时间的名词，在定从中作时间状语，关系代词用when
eg.Ican’trememberthedate()hewentabroad.
I’llneverforgettheday()Ijoinedthearmy.
2.先行词是表示地点的名词，在定从中作地点状语，关系代词用where;其中注意表示抽象概念的地点名词，如，situation、stage、degree、point等表示方面或程度时，也需用where
eg.Thisisthevillage（）UncleWangoncelived.
Theyhavereachedthepoint()theyhavetoseparatewitheachother.
He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation()heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.
3.先行词是reason，在定从中作原因状语，关系代词用why
eg.Idon’tknowthereason()hewaslate.
Noneofusknowthereason()Tomwasabsentfromthemeeting.
4.引导定语从句的关系副词也可以用“适当介词+which”来代替。
eg.October1,1949wasthedaywhen（=）thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
Thisisthefactorywhere（=）weworkedayearago.
Idon’tbelievethereasonwhy(=)hewaslateforschool.
Ⅳ.关系代词thatwhich的区别:
⒈只用that的情况
①先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代词时。
eg.Thereisnothing()canpreventhimfromdoingit.
②先行词被any,only,few,no,very,little等修饰时。
eg.Thisistheverybook()I’mlookingfor.
③先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
eg.Thefirstplace()theyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.
Thisisthebestfilm()Ihaveeverseen.
④先行词既有人又有物时。
eg.Hetalkedaboutthingsandpersons()theyrememberedintheschool.
⑤先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时。
eg.Mr.Smithistheonlyforeigner()heknows.
⑥句中已有who或which,为了避免重复时。
eg.Whoistheman()isstandingbesideTom?
⒉不能用that的情况：
①引导非限制性定语从句；
eg.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,()madehisfatherveryangry.
②介词+关系代词。
eg.Thisistheroomin（）myfatherlivedlastyear.
Ⅴ.as引导定语从句时的用法(as相当于thatwhich)
①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于thesame…as,such…as结构中。
eg.Thisisthesamebook()Ilentyou.
Suchmachines()areusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.
②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，位置灵活，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect等。
eg.()Iexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.
Taiwan,()weallknow,belongstoChina.
Ⅵ.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的主要区别:
限制性定语从句:一般紧跟在先行词后面,不用逗号把从句与先行词分隔开来。使先行词的意思十分明确,成为特定的人或物,是句子中不可缺少的成分,少了它句子就会失去意义不能成立,或意思不清楚,不能说明问题。通常译为定语。
非限制性定语从句:通常由逗号与句子其他成分隔开。只是对先行词作进一步的说明,没有它句子仍能成立,意思仍很清楚。通常译为并列的句子。
eg.Iwastheonlypersoninouroffice（）wasinvited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）
Tom’sfather,（）isoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.（整个句子可分成两句来翻译）
Ⅶ.分隔定语从句
即先行词与关系代词、副词之间被介词短语，同位语，谓语等分隔开来。
此种定语从句，在选择关系词时，要注意找准先行词。
eg.Thereisanexpressioninhiseyes（）Ican’tunderstand.
Iwastheonlypersoninmyoffice()wasinvitedtotheimportantball.
IsuggestyouchoosesomeoneIthink()isverykindandfriendly.
选择填空：
1.ItwasApril29,2011 PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonwalkedintothepalacehalloftheweddingceremony.
A.that B.whenC.sinceD.before
2.)Gutteroilisillegallyrecycledcookingoil, containschemicalsthatareharmfultothehumanbodyandcanevencausecancer.
A.itB.whichC.whereD.that
3.Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval, theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which
4.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses arebuiltclosetoeachother.
A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that
5.Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator, itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.
A.whenB.whichC.whereD.while
6.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof -------usesitsomewhatdifferently.
A.whichB.whatC.themD.those
7.Abankistheplace theylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.
A.whenB.thatC.whereD.there
8.Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents ------allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who
9TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt, ------isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.
A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which
10.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction------ hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.
A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich
11.Theschoolshop, customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.
A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where
12.Hewassopleasedwithall wehaddoneforhim hewroteusalettertopraiseforit.
A.what;whatB.what;thatC.that;whatD.that;that
13.Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth, isknowntoeverybody.
A.itB.asC.thatD.what
14. isoftenthecasewithelderpeople,mygrandma,talkedaboutmynewhairstyleforatleast50minutesnonstop.
A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It
15.Aftergraduatingfromhighschool,youwillreachapointinyourlife -------youneedtodecidewhattodo.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where
16.Thenovelwascompletedin1978, theeconomicsystemhasseengreatchanges.
A.whenB.duringwhichC.sincethenD.sincewhen
17.Booksbringusintothepresenceofthegreatestminds haveeverlived.
A.whichB.whoC.不填D.that
18.Theworld ismadeupofmatter.
A.inthatweliveB.onwhichwelive
C.whereweliveinD.welivein
19.Davidissuchagoodboy alltheteacherslike.
A.thatB.whoC.asD.whom
20.Isthisthereason atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?
A.heexplainedB.whatheexplained
C.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained
21.HewasveryangryandIcanstillremembertheway hespoketome.
A.howB.thatC.whatD.which
22.That’sthenewmachine partsaretoosmalltobeseen.
A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what
23.I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool -------ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.
A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which
