中考定语从句复习策略的探究与创新。
一般给学生们上课之前，老师就早早地准备好了教案课件，大家应该要写教案课件了。用心制定好教案课件的工作计划，才能更好的在接下来的工作轻装上阵！有哪些好的范文适合教案课件的？下面是小编为大家整理的“中考定语从句复习策略的探究与创新”，欢迎您阅读和收藏，并分享给身边的朋友！
中考定语从句复习策略的探究与创新
定语从句是初中阶段英语教学中的重点和难点。一直以来，不少教师在教学中都有共同的感觉：自己意会，难以言传。导致许多学生理解难﹑接受慢﹑运用死﹑效果差。为此，我在实际教学工作中，不断地反思，运用不同的方法进行尝试，通过学生提问﹑作业﹑测试的反馈信息来看，在这一方面有了较有成效的突破，现介绍如下，以供鉴赏。
一﹒复合句的实质：二句合一
任何从句在口语或书面语中都不能单独使用，因为它是充当另外一个句子﹙即主句﹚的某一句子成分的，构成主从复合句。所以，含有定语从句最基本复合句的实质是二句合一。
二．合并条件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地
也就是说，如果某一个人或事物在第一个句子中出现，又以它含义上的名词﹑代词﹑形容词或副词形式在第二个句子中出现，具备这样的条件，我们就可以把两个句子合并成含有定语从句的复合句。
三．合并方法：分三步.
留舍替
先主语 人 who/that
物 which/that
行宾语 人 who/whom/that
物 which/that
定语 人 Whose
词 物 Whose/ofwhich
状语时间 When
地点 where
原因 why
定语从句所限定的名词或代词叫先行词.为方便起见,我们把引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词等统称为引导词，通过上述合并条件和合并方法可以看出，先行词和引导词在含义上互指。
四．举例说明：
1．Ilikethegirl﹙1﹚verymuch..She﹙2﹚singsanddancesbestinourschool.
释：﹙1﹚和﹙2﹚在含义上互指，符合合并条件，保留先行词﹙thegirl﹚，舍去
主语﹙she﹚，用引导词﹙who/that﹚来代替，于是得到：Ilikethegirlwho/thatsingsand
dancesbestinourschoolverymuch.
2.Thisistheplace﹙1﹚.Wevisitedit﹙2﹚withourfriendslastweek.
释:﹙1﹚和﹙2﹚在含义上互指，符合合并条件，保留先行词﹙theplace﹚，舍去宾语﹙it﹚,用引导词﹙which/that﹚来代替或省略，于是得到：Thisistheplace﹙which/that﹚wevisitedwithourfriendslastweek
3.Thatisaproblem﹙1﹚.Itcanbeworkedoutinthreeways﹙2﹚.
释：﹙1﹚和﹙2﹚在含义上互指，符合合并条件，保留先行词﹙problem﹚，舍去主语﹙
it﹚,用引导词﹙that/which﹚来代替,于是得到：Thatisaproblemthat/whichcanbeworkedout
inthreeways.
4.Themanager﹙1﹚willgivesomemanytothevillagetobuildaschool.Imentionedhim﹙2﹚toyouafewdaysago.
释：﹙1﹚和﹙2﹚在含义上互指，符合合并条件，保留先行词﹙themanager﹚,舍去宾语﹙him﹚，用引导词﹙who/whom/that﹚来代替或省略，于是得到：Themanager﹙who/whom/that﹚Imentionedtoyouafewdaysagowillgivesomemoneytothevillagetobuild
aschool.
5．Canyoutellmesomethingabouttheman﹙1﹚.Youhadatalkwithhimjustnow﹙2﹚.
释：﹙1﹚和﹙2﹚在含义上互指，符合合并条件，保留先行词﹙theman﹚，舍去介词宾语﹙him→人﹚,注意：介词后置——常用引导词﹙who/that﹚来代替或省略；介词前置——常用﹙whom﹚来代替，于是得到：①Canyoutellmesomethingabouttheman﹙who/that﹚youhadatalkwithjustnow.②Canyoutellmesomethingaboutthethemanwithwhomyouhadatalkjustnow.
6.Ourhometownisasmallvillage﹙1﹚.Thereisahillinfrontofit﹙2﹚.
释：﹙1﹚和﹙2﹚在含义上互指，符合合并条件，保留先行词﹙village﹚，舍去介词宾语﹙it→物﹚,注意：介词后置——常用引导词﹙that﹚来代替或省略；介词前置——常用﹙which﹚来代替,于是得到：①.Ourhometownisasmallvillagethatthereisahillinfrontof.
②Ourhometownisasmallvillaginfrontofwhichthereisahill.
7．Iwillneverforgetthedays﹙1﹚.Ilivedandstudiedwithmyclassmatesatcollegeinthedays﹙2﹚.
释：﹙1﹚和﹙2﹚在含义上互指，符合合并条件，保留先行词﹙thedays﹚，舍去介词宾语﹙thedays﹚,注意：介词后置——常用引导词﹙that﹚来代替或省略；介词前置——常用﹙which﹚来代替;舍去时间壮语﹙inthedays﹚,用引导词﹙when﹚来代替,于是得到：
①.IwillneverforgetthedaysthatIlivedandstudiedwithmyclassmatesatcollegein.
②.IwillneverforgetthedaysinwhichIlivedandstudiedwithmyclassmatesatcollege.
③.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIlivedandstudiedwithmyclassmatesatcollege.
五：原理运用：要求逆向思维
汉译英：分三步﹙先分——后译——再合﹚
例：我们昨天参观的那个工厂是去年建的
⑴.分：那个工厂是去年建的。我们昨天参观它。
⑵．译：Thefactorywasbuiltlastyear.Wevisitedityesterday.
⑶．合：Thefactory﹙which/that﹚wevisitedyesterdaywasbuiltlastyear
英译汉：含有定语从句最基本复合句的实质是二句合一，先行词和引导词在含义上互指。既可合译又可分译。
例1：Ilikemakingfriendswhoarelikeme.﹙我喜欢交像我一样的朋友﹚
例2：Thereisafactorypouringwastewaterintotheriverinwhichthewatercannotbeusedfordrinkingandallfishhavedisappeared.﹙有一家工厂在向这条河里倾注废水，在这条河里，水已不能用来饮用，而且所有鱼已消失。theriver与which互指﹚。
六.注意事项
1.主谓一致：当引导词作定语从句的主语时，因先行词与引导词在含以上互指，所以定语从句谓语动词的形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一致；当引导词不作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的形式与直接的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
例1.TheyarethestudentswhoarefromJapan.
例2.Theyarethestudentswhotheteacherlikesbest.
2.须“that”引导：在初中阶段，定语从句必须用“that”引导的情形主要有一下几种：
⑴.先行词是不定代词例：ThisisallthatIneed.
⑵.先行词被最高级修饰例：HeisthebeststudentthatIhavetaught.
⑶.先行词被序数词修饰例：Heisthefirststudentthatgottoschoolthismorning.
⑷.先行词为人、物并列结构例：Ilikethemanandhisdogthatarefromthecountry.
3.介词的前后置：当引导词作介词的宾语时，先行词是人，介词前置必须用whom引导，
介词后置，可用who/whom/that引导；先行词是物，介词前置必须用
which引导，介词后置，可用which/that引导.
对于学生来说，这种方法能为他们在旧知与新知之间难度跨越上搭起平台，实现新旧知识顺利衔接﹑思维能力平稳提升。
七。实际操作练习技能提升能力
1.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof__________youarenotsure.
A.whichB.whatC.asD.those
2.Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?
A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone
3.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone
4.Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone
5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.
A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat
6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature__________waterchangesintoice.
A.atwhichB.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhat
7.Thisbookwillshowyou__________canbeusedinothercontexts..
A.howyouhaveobservedB.whatyouhaveobserved
C.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobserved
8.Thereasonis__________heisunabletooperatethemachine.
A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether
9.I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.
A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which
10.Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.
A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich
11.Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.
A.asB.thatC.whichD.what
12.Hefailedintheexamination,__________madehisfatherveryangry.
A.whichB.itC.thatD.what
13.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist__________wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.
A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that
14.Thegirl__________anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.
A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassinging
15.Those__________notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.
A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn
16.Anyone__________thisopinionmayspeakout.
A.thatagainstB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst
17.Didn’tyouseetheman__________?
A.InoddedjustnowB.whomInoddedjustnow
C.InoddedtohimjustnowD.Inoddedtojustnow
18.Canyoulendmethenovel__________theotherday?
A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutit
C.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout
19.Isthereanything__________toyou?
A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongs
C.thatbelongD.whichbelongs
20.----“Howdoyoulikethebook?”
----“It’squitedifferentfrom__________Ireadlastmonth.”
A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat
21.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept__________whohadalreadytakenthem.
A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers
22.Thetrain__________shewastravellingwaslate.
A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat
23.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer__________thepapersarekept.
A.whereB.inwhichC.underwhichD.which
24.Antarctic__________weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.
A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich
25.It’sthethirdtime__________latethismonth.
A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrived
C.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived
26.Itwasin1969__________theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.inwhich
27.Maythefourthistheday__________weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.
A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich
28.WearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,__________livemygrandparentsandsomerelatives.
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.where
29.Thehotel__________duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.
A.westayedatB.wherewestayedat
C.westayedD.inthatwestayed
30.Isitinthatfactory__________“RedFlag”carsareproduced?
A.inwhichB.whereC.whichD.that
31.ItistheSuezCanal__________separatesAsia__________Africa.
A.which,toB.where,from
C.that,fromD.that,with
32.Underthebridge,however,almostdirectlybelow,__________wasasmallcanoe,withaboyinit.
A.thereB.whereC.itD.which
33.Heisnot__________afool__________.
A.such,asheislookedB.such,ashelooks
C.as,asheislookedD.so,ashelooks
34.Isthatthereason__________youareinfavouroftheproposal?
A.whichB.whatC.whyD.forthat
35.HemustbefromAfrica,__________canbeseenfromhisskin.
A.thatB.asC.whoD.what
36.Hehastwosons,__________workaschemists.
A.twoofwhomB.bothofwhom
C.bothofwhichD.allofwhom
37.I,__________yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.
A.whoisB.whoamC.thatisD.whatis
38.Heisamanofgreatexperience,__________muchcanbelearned.
A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhom
39.----Doyouknowthetownatall?
---No,thisisthefirsttimeI__________here.
A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming
40.Idon’tlike__________youspeaktoher.
A.thewayB.thewayinthat
C.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich
41.Thetwothings__________theyfeltveryproudareJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.
A.aboutwhichB.ofwhich
C.inwhichD.forwhich
42.Thedinnerwasthemostexpensivemealwe__________.
A.wouldhaveB.havehad
C.hadneverhadD.hadeverhad
43.Doyouknowwhichhotel__________?
A.sheisstayingB.sheisstayingin
C.isshestayingD.isshestayingin
44.Thereisonlyonething__________Icando.
A.whatB.thatC.allD.which
45.Whocanthinkofasituation__________thisidiomcanbeused?
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.inthat
46.Ihavemanybooks,someof__________areonchemistry.
A.themB.thatC.whichD.those
47.Theywereinterested__________youtoldthem.
A.inwhichB.inthat
C.allthatD.ineverything
48.Theastronautdidmanyexperimentsinthespaceship,__________muchhelpforknowingspace.
A.whichwethinkitisB.whichwethinkareof
C.ofwhichwethinkisD.Ithinkwhichisof
49.Thegreatdaywelookedforwardto__________atlast.
A.comeB.cameC.comingD.comes
50.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch__________washeldlastweek.
A.whichB.whoC.thatD./
参考答案：
1—5AADBA6—10ABCCA11—15AADAD
16—20CDDBC21—25ACBDC26—30AADAD
31—35CABCB36—40BBDBA41—45BDBBC
46—50CDBBC
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中考英语定语从句复习归纳
中考英语定语从句复习归纳
(一)知识概要?
定语从句并不属于中考范围，但由于作者在多年的教学中体会到，这一语法现象影响了许多学生自学英语。这些学生一般是成绩较好的学生，想进行大量阅读来提高自己的英语水平，但总是碰到一些问题，百思不得其解。苦于自己的水平只限于初中水平，无法提高，但各种补习班又都是为一些水平较差的学生开设的，所以又投师无门。为了解决这部分学生的学习困难，也为那些有志青年铺平学习上的道路，特用这一节讲述定语从句，不是从语法上讲述，而是从阅读理解方面去讲述。可供同学们在学习时参考。这会对你的英语学习起到事半功倍的作用。对于形容词我们已十分熟悉了，如：agoodbook，形容词good用来修饰书book。我们也可以用一个句子来修饰名词，这种句子叫做形容词性从句，它起修饰名词的作用，又被叫做定语从句(Theattributiveclause)。但有一点不同的是这个从句不是像形容词那样放于名词前，而是放在名词之后。它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词，如：Doyouknowthescientistwhogaveusthetalkthisafternoon?这句中的主句是Doyouknowthescientist?(你知道那位科学家吗?)而whogaveusthetalkthisafternoon(他今天下午给我们作的报告。)是定语从句。所以这两句话合为一体即是：
你认识今天下午给我们作报告的那位科学家吗?这里scientist叫作先行词，而who叫作定语从句的引导词。who在定语从句中起主语的作用，who的数与它的先行词相同。又如：YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo这里先行词是everything，而thatIdo是定语从句，此句应译为：你必须作我所作的一切。that叫作定语从句的引导词，在句中作do的宾语。引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose和关系副词when，where，why，how。不论关系代词还是关系副词，都应放于先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，但它们都要在定语从句中起语法作用，充当一个成份。如关系代词在定语从句中不是作主语便是作宾语，而关系副词则是作状语。我们先来看关系代词的用法。①that的先行词可以是人也可以是物。如：Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly这里先行词是machine而that是关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。这句译为：飞机是一种会飞的机器。又如：Ilikethebook(that)youlentmeyesterday这里先行词是book，关系代词用that，它在定语从句中作lend(借)的宾语。要注意的是关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，即：Ilikethebookyoulentmeyesterday②which关系代词的先行词只能是物。它在定语从句中作主语或宾语，如：Thebookshopisashopwhichsellsbooks这里shop是先行词，which在从句中作主语。又如：Thebook(which)Ireadlastnightwaswonderful这里主句是Thebookwaswonderful而定语从句是修饰主句的主语book，即我昨晚读的那本书，which在定语从句中作read的宾语，可以省略。③who，whom，whose?who在定语从句中作主语，whom是who的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，而whose则是形容词性物主代词，在从句中作定语，如：ThemanwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisanAmericanfriend昨天参观我们学校的人是一位美国朋友。Who在定语从句中作主语。又如：Whosthatwoman(whom)youjusttalkedto?你刚才与之谈话的那个女人是谁?而whom作定语从句中介词to的宾语，可以省略，而在现代英语中，句首的whom也常常可用who代替。Thisisourclassmate,Mary,whosehomeisnotfarfromourschool这是我们的同学玛丽，她的家离我们学校不远。为了便于理解，我们来看看是如何将两句话并为一句话的。?
1.Isawtheman.Heclosedthedoor??
Isawthemanwho(that)closedthedoor?
2.Thegirlishappy.Shewontherace??
Thegirlwhowontheraceishappy.?
3.ThestudentsarefromChina.Theysitinthefrontrow.??
ThestudentswhositinthefrontrowarefromChina?
(要注意的是先行词是students则who的数也应看作复数。)?
4.Wearestudyingsentences.Theycontainadjectivedause.??
Wearestudyingsentencesthat(which)containadjectivedause??
5.Thetaxidriverwasfriendly.Hetookmetotheairport.??
Thetaxidriverwhotookmetotheairportwasfriendly.??
6.Thebookwasgood.Ireadit??
ThebookthatIreadwasgood.??
ThebookIreadwasgood.??
7.Thepeoplewereverynice.Wevisitedthemyesterday.??
Thepeoplewevisitedyesterdaywereverynice.?
8.Themancalledthepolice.Hiswalletwasstolen.??
Themanwhosewalletwasstolencalledthepolice?
9.Icomefromacountry.Itshistorygoesbackthousandsofyears.??
Icomefromacountrywhosehistorygoesbackthousandsofyears.?
10.Ihavetocalltheman.Ipickeduphisumbrellaafterthemeeting.??
IhavetocallthemanwhoseumbrellaIpickedupafterthemeeting.?
关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：
Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears或可以写作：
Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears??
Hewasthemanwhom(who)youwerelookingfor要注意的是此句的关系代词whom可以用主格取代，而lookfor是短语动词也不可将for放于定语从句之前。that作关系代词作介词宾语时，不能紧跟介词，而只能将介词置于定语从句的后面。如：Themanthatweweretalkingabouthascometoourschool.这时不可用aboutthat…请看下面例句：
1.Themeetingwasinteresting.Iwenttoit.??
ThemeetingthatIwenttowasinteresting.??
2.Themanwasverykind.Italkedtohimyesterday.??
ThemanwhoItalkedtoyesterdaywasverykind?
3.Imustthankthepeople.Igotapresentfromhim.??
ImustthankthepeoplewhoIgotapresentfrom.?
4.Thepicturewasbeautiful.Shewaslookingatit.??
Thepicturethat(which)shewaslookingatwasbeautiful.?
5.Themanisstandingoverthere.Itoldyouabouthim.??
ThemanwhoItoldyouaboutisstandingoverthere?
除关系代词外，还有关系副词，when,where,why，其中when用来指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如：IneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametotheGreatWall.而where则指地点，如：Thisisthehousewheretheoldmanlives.请看下面例句：
1.Thecitywasbeautiful.Wespentourvacationthere.??
Thecitywherewespentourvacationwasbeautiful?
2.Thatistherestaurant.Iwillmeetyouthere.??
ThatistherestaurantwhereIwillmeetyou?
3.Thetownissmall.Igrewupthere.??
ThetownwhereIgrewupissmall.?
4.Thatisthedrawer.Ikeepmynewspapersthere.??
ThatisthedrawerwhereIkeepmynewspapers.?
5.Mondayistheday.Wewillcomethen.??
MondayisthedayWhenwewillcame?
6.7:05isthetime.Myplanearrivesthen.??
7:05isthetimewhenmyplanearrives.?
7.1960istheyear.Therevolutiontookplacethen.??
1960istheyearwhentherevolutiontookplace.?
8.Julyisthemonth.Theweatherisusuallythehottestthen.??
Julyisthemonthwhentheweatherisusuallythehottest.?
在定语从句中又可分为两大类定语从句，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。?
①限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整，意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词，如：Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.??
②非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对其附加说明，也就是讲即便去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响，仍然清晰明了。这样的定语从句要在它和主句之间加一逗号分开。且关系代词不引导这种非限制性定语从句，如：AbrahamLincoln,wholedtheUnitedStatesthroughtheseyears,wasshotonApril14,1865atatheatreinwashingtonD.C.又如：GalileolivedinthecityofPisa,wherethereisaleaningtowerabout180feethigh.
2011届中考英语定语从句复习
定语从句
?
（一）知识概要?
定语从句并不属于中考范围，但由于作者在多年的教学中体会到，这一语法现象影响了许多学生自学英语。这些学生一般是成绩较好的学生，想进行大量阅读来提高自己的英语水平，但总是碰到一些问题，百思不得其解。苦于自己的水平只限于初中水平，无法提高，但各种补习班又都是为一些水平较差的学生开设的，所以又投师无门。为了解决这部分学生的学习困难，也为那些有志青年铺平学习上的道路，特用这一节讲述定语从句，不是从语法上讲述，而是从阅读理解方面去讲述。可供同学们在学习时参考。这会对你的英语学习起到事半功倍的作用。?对于形容词我们已十分熟悉了，如：agoodbook，形容词good用来修饰书book。我们也可以用一个句子来修饰名词，这种句子叫做形容词性从句，它起修饰名词的作用，又被叫做定语从句(Theattributiveclause)。但有一点不同的是这个从句不是像形容词那样放于名词前，而是放在名词之后。它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词，如：Doyouknowthescientistwhogaveusthetalkthisafternoon?这句中的主句是Doyouknowthescientist?(你知道那位科学家吗?)而whogaveusthetalkthisafternoon(他今天下午给我们作的报告。)是定语从句。所以这两句话合为一体即是：你认识今天下午给我们作报告的那位科学家吗?这里scientist叫作先行词，而who叫作定语从句的引导词。who在定语从句中起主语的作用，who的数与它的先行词相同。又如：YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo?这里先行词是everything，而thatIdo是定语从句，此句应译为：你必须作我所作的一切。that叫作定语从句的引导词，在句中作do的宾语。?引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose和关系副词when，where，why，how。不论关系代词还是关系副词，都应放于先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，但它们都要在定语从句中起语法作用，充当一个成份。如关系代词在定语从句中不是作主语便是作宾语，而关系副词则是作状语。我们先来看关系代词的用法。① that的先行词可以是人也可以是物。如：Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly?这里先行词是machine而that是关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。这句译为：飞机是一种会飞的机器。又如：Ilikethebook(that)youlentmeyesterday?这里先行词是book，关系代词用that，它在定语从句中作lend(借)的宾语。要注意的是关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，即：Ilikethebookyoulentmeyesterday?② which关系代词的先行词只能是物。它在定语从句中作主语或宾语，如：Thebookshopisashopwhichsellsbooks?这里shop是先行词，which在从句中作主语。又如：Thebook(which)Ireadlastnightwaswonderful?这里主句是Thebookwaswonderful?而定语从句是修饰主句的主语book，即我昨晚读的那本书，which在定语从句中作read的宾语，可以省略。?③ who，whom，whose?who在定语从句中作主语，whom是who的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，而whose则是形容词性物主代词，在从句中作定语，如：ThemanwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisanAmericanfriend?昨天参观我们学校的人是一位美国朋友。Who在定语从句中作主语。又如：Whosthatwoman(whom)youjusttalkedto?你刚才与之谈话的那个女人是谁?而whom作定语从句中介词to的宾语，可以省略，而在现代英语中，句首的whom也常常可用who代替。?Thisisourclassmate，Mary，whosehomeisnotfarfromourschool?这是我们的同学玛丽，她的家离我们学校不远。?为了便于理解，我们来看看是如何将两句话并为一句话的。?
１． Isawtheman.?Heclosedthedoor??
Isawthemanwho(that)closedthedoor?
2． Thegirlishappy?Shewontherace??
Thegirlwhowontheraceishappy?
3． ThestudentsarefromChina?Theysitinthefrontrow??
ThestudentswhositinthefrontrowarefromChina?
(要注意的是先行词是students则who的数也应看作复数。)?
4． Wearestudyingsentences?Theycontainadjectivedause??
Wearestudyingsentencesthat(which)containadjectivedause??
5． Thetaxidriverwasfriendly?Hetookmetotheairport??
Thetaxidriverwhotookmetotheairportwasfriendly??
6． Thebookwasgood?Ireadit??
ThebookthatIreadwasgood??
ThebookIreadwasgood??
7． Thepeoplewereverynice?Wevisitedthemyesterday??
Thepeoplewevisitedyesterdaywereverynice?
8． Themancalledthepolice?Hiswalletwasstolen??
Themanwhosewalletwasstolencalledthepolice?
9． Icomefromacountry?Itshistorygoesbackthousandsofyears??
Icomefromacountrywhosehistorygoesbackthousandsofyears?
10． Ihavetocalltheman?Ipickeduphisumbrellaafterthemeeting??
IhavetocallthemanwhoseumbrellaIpickedupafterthemeeting?
关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：
Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears?或可以写作：
Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears??
Hewasthemanwhom(who)youwerelookingfor?要注意的是此句的关系代词whom可以用主格取代，而lookfor是短语动词也不可将for放于定语从句之前。that作关系代词作介词宾语时，不能紧跟介词，而只能将介词置于定语从句的后面。如：Themanthatweweretalkingabouthascometoourschool?这时不可用aboutthat…请看下面例句：?
1． Themeetingwasinteresting?Iwenttoit??
ThemeetingthatIwenttowasinteresting??
2． Themanwasverykind?Italkedtohimyesterday??
ThemanwhoItalkedtoyesterdaywasverykind?
3． Imustthankthepeople?Igotapresentfromhim??
ImustthankthepeoplewhoIgotapresentfrom?
4． Thepicturewasbeautiful?Shewaslookingatit??
Thepicturethat(which)shewaslookingatwasbeautiful?
5． Themanisstandingoverthere?Itoldyouabouthim??
ThemanwhoItoldyouaboutisstandingoverthere?
?
除关系代词外，还有关系副词，when，where，why，其中when用来指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如：IneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametotheGreatWall?而where则指地点，如：Thisisthehousewheretheoldmanlives?请看下面例句：
1． Thecitywasbeautiful?Wespentourvacationthere??
Thecitywherewespentourvacationwasbeautiful?
?
2． Thatistherestaurant?Iwillmeetyouthere??
ThatistherestaurantwhereIwillmeetyou?
?
3． Thetownissmall?Igrewupthere??
ThetownwhereIgrewupissmall?
?
4． Thatisthedrawer?Ikeepmynewpapersthere??
ThatisthedrawerwhereIkeepmynewspapers?
?
5． Mondayistheday?Wewillcomethen??
Mondayistheday?Whenwewillcame?
?
6． ７∶０５isthetimeMyplanearrivesthen??
７∶０５isthetimewhenmyplanearrives?
?
7． １９６０istheyear?Therevolutiontookplacethen??
１９６０istheyearwhentherevolutiontookplace?
?
8． Julyisthemonth?Theweatherisusuallythehottestthen??
Julyisthemonthwhentheweatherisusuallythehottest??
在定语从句中又可分为两大类定语从句，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。?
① 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整，意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词，如：?Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited??
② 非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对其附加说明，也就是讲即便去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响，仍然清晰明了。这样的定语从句要在它和主句之间加一逗号分开。且关系代词不引导这种非限制性定语从句，如：AbrahamLincoln，wholedtheUnitedStatesthroughtheseyears，wasshotonApril１４， １８６５atatheatreinwashington?Ｄ． Ｃ． 又如：GalileolivedinthecityofPisa，wherethereisaleaningtowerabout180feethigh???
（二）正误辨析?
［误］IwonttellyouthenameofthepersonwhoteachmeEnglish??
［正］IwonttellyouthenameofthepersonwhoteachesmeEnglish??
［析］在定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，从它本身看不出其数的形式，这时要由它的先行词决定。这里who应由theperson单数决定，应该用单数谓语动词。又如：Iwhoamastudent?wanttofindasparetimejob?这里的who应与I是一致的，所以其谓语动词应该用am。?
［误］WetalkedaboutthethingsandthepeoplewhowemetduringtheSecondWorldWar??
［正］WetalkedaboutthethingsandthepeoplethatwemetduringtheSecondWorldWar??
［析］这里的关系代词不要用who，因为其先行词有两个一个是things(物)，而另一个是people(人)，这时既不可用who，又不可用which，因前者只能用于先行词是人的情况下，而后者则用于先行词是物的情况下，所以只能用that，因为它的先行词既可以是人又可以是物。?
［误］Thebook，thatIboughtyesterday，wasverygood?
［正］Thebook，whichIboughtyesterday，wasverygood??
［析］先行词与定语从句被逗号分割开来时，即作为非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中which，when，who，whom，where，when，whose等都可以和限制性定语从句中的作用一样，而独有that不易用于非限制性定语从句。?
［误］ThedictionarywhichIlentityesterdayisaveryusefultool??
［正］ThedictionarywhichIlentyesterdayisaveryusefultool??
［析］关系代词在定语从句中是要起语法作用的，它不是作主语就是作宾语。虽然在作宾语时它的位置由原来的宾语位置移到了句首，但它的作用依然存在，而且在原宾语位置上不能再出现宾语。?
［误］TheteacherIwanttolearnEnglishfromistheonewhichcomesfromAmerica
［正］TheteacherIwanttolearnEnglishfromistheonewhocomesfromAmerica
［析］theone，anyone，those作代词并且是指某人、物时，其关系代词不能用which应用who。?
［误］Thisistheroominthattheoldmanlives??
［正］Thisistheroominwhichtheoldmanlives??
［正］Thisistheroomwhichtheoldmanlivesin??
［正］Thisistheroomthattheoldmanlivesin??
［析］that不能紧跟在介词后作介词宾语，但如果介词不前置仍放于句尾，则可用that作引导词，而且可以省略。如：Thisistheroomtheoldmanlivesin??
［误］Icandoeverythingwhichisgoodforyou??
［正］Icandoeverythingthatisgoodforyou??
［析］在先行词是all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none，theone等不定代词时，虽然它们指的是物体，但不要用which而用that作定语从句的引导词。?
［误］Theonlythingwhichthestudentscandoisstudyinghard??
［正］Theonlythingthatthestudentscandoisstudyinghard??
［析］在先行词前有only，any，few，little，no，all，oneof等词修饰时，虽然先行词指的是物，也不要用which作关系代词，而要用that。?
［误］ThisisthefirstAmericanfilmwhichIveeverseen??
［正］ThisisthefirstAmericanfilmthatIveeverseen??
［析］在先行词是序数词，或由序数词修饰时，其关系代词不可用which?这样的用法还有在形容词最高级修饰的先行词之后，如：ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverseen
［误］HeisfromAfrica,thatwecanseefromthecolouroftheskin??
［正］HeisfromAfrica,aswecanseefromthecolouroftheskin??
［析］当as或which引导非限制性定语从句时，它可能没有明确的先行词，它们所指代的是前面整个句子。如例题应译为他是从非洲来这个事情是可以从其肤色上看出的。?
2015中考英语复习定语从句考点跟踪
第35讲 定语从句
1．Istillrememberthecollegeandtheteachers__C__IvisitedinLondonyearsago.(2013，安徽)
A．what B．who C．that D．which
2．Theteachersandthestudents__A__cametovisitNanjingMuseumarefromEngland.(2013，合肥)
A．thatB．whichC．whatD．whose
3．WhenRobinsonCrusoegottotheisland，thefirstthing__B__hedidwastolookforsomefood.(2014，广东)
A．whoB．thatC．whichD．whom
4．“Underground”istheonlywordintheEnglishlanguage__B__beginsandendswiththeletters“und”．(2014，河南)
A．whatB．thatC．whoD．whom
5．Helikeslowcarbonlife.Helivesinthehouse__C__hebuilthimselfoutoftrash.(2014，十堰)
A．whereB．what
C．whichD．inwhich
近五年来，安徽中考对定语从句的考查频率不高，但同学们仍需注意，可能2015年中考会设相关试题。初中阶段对定语从句的考查主要集中在定语从句的功能，结构和关系词的用法上，重点考查由that，which，who引导的定语从句。
高频考向一 定语从句的关系词
定语从句在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系代词who，whom，that，which，whose或关系副词when，where，why等引出。
①who，whom，that代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如：
Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou？他是想见你的那个人吗？
Heistheman(who/whom/that)Isawyesterday.他是昨天我看到的那个人。
②which，that代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如：
Marylikesmusicthat/whichisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
Thecoat(that/which)Iputonthedeskisblue.我放桌子上的外套是蓝色的。
③whose用来指人或物。(只用作定语)如：
Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.请把封面是绿色的那本书递给我。
④关系副词有when，where，why，它们在句中作状语。如：
Illneverforgetthedayswhenwestudiedtogether.我永远忘不了我们一起学习的那些日子。
Thisisthecitywheremyfatherworkedtenyearsago.这是我爸十年前工作的城市。
Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool?
你知道他上学迟到的原因吗？
—DoyouknowMoYan?
—Ofcourse.Heisthefamouswriter______wontheNobelPrizein2012.
A．whoB．whomC．which
解析：考查定语从句关系词。先行词是writer，指人，且在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词who。
答案：__A__
Pleasepassmethecartoonbook______hasaMickeyMouseonthecover.
A．whomB．whoseC．whoD．which
解析：先行词是book，指物，因此关系词用which.
答案：__D__
Thisistheprimaryschool______Istudiedthreeyearsago.
A．whereB．whenC．thatD．which
解析：先行词school在定语从句中作studied的地点状语。
答案：__A__
高频考向二 关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
①当先行词前被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
ThisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgamesthatIhaveeverseen.这是我所看过的最激烈的一场足球赛。
②当先行词前有一个序数词修饰时。如：
Thefirstthingthatyoucoulddowastoturnoffthelight.你首先要做的就是关灯。
③当先行词为all，everything，nothing，something，anything，little，much，none等不定代词时(something后也可用which)。如：
AllthatwehavetodoforourstudentsistotellthemhowtospeakEnglishinclass.我们要为学生做的所有的事情就是告诉他们如何在课上说英语。
ImgoingtobuyeverythingthatIneed.我要去买我所需要的一切东西。
④当先行词前面有only，all，any，no等词修饰时。如：
ThatsallthatIwanttosay.这就是我想说的全部。
⑤当先行词既有人又有物时。如：
Theyaretalkingaboutthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.他们正在谈论他们所能回忆起来的人或事。
ThePalaceMuseumisthebestplace______Iveevervisited.
A．thatB．whichC．whereD．what
解析：在先行词place前有形容词最高级best修饰，关系词只能用that。
答案：__A__
Lookattheboyandhisdog______arecomingthisway.
A．whoB．whichC．thatD．whom
解析：先行词是由人与物组成时，关系代词用that。
答案：__C__
高频考向三 关系词只能用who(whom)而不用that的情况
①当先行词为all，any或其合成词或afew且指人时。如：
Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.任何违法的人都会受到惩罚。
②当先行词为that，this，those或these且指人时。如：
Thosewhohadntboughttheticketsforthetraincrowdedinthewaitinghall.那些还没买着票的人拥挤在候车厅里。
③当先行词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中用who或whom引导均可，但如直接位于介词后作宾语时，只能用whom。如：
Theguest(who/whom)Illfirstintroducetoyouisalittlegirl.我首先要介绍给你们的客人是一位小姑娘。
Imetafewfriendsofmine，amongwhomwasmyoldclassmate.我遇见几位朋友，其中一位是我的老同学。
Successwillbelongtothose______neversay“impossible”．
A．whomB．whatC．whoD．which
解析：先行词those，故关系代词用who。
答案：__C__
一、单项选择。
1．Everyonehashisaiminlife.However，youcantgetfatononemouthful.Startwiththeeasiestthing__B__youcancontrol.(2014，哈尔滨)
A．whoB．thatC．which
2．Shirleyisthegirl__C__taughtmehowtouseWechat.(2014，龙东)
A．whomB．whichC．who
3．Yesterdaywasmybirthday.MyfriendsentmeaCD__C__ismadebyHanGeng.(2014，安顺)
A．whoB．whatC．whichD．whom
4．Allthestudentsliketheteachers__B__canunderstandthemwell.(2014，孝感)
A．whatB．whoC．whomD．which
5．Couldyoutellmetheresultofthediscussion__A__youhadmadeinthemeetingjustnow？(2014，白银)
A．thatB．whenC．howD．who
6．AfterMandelawasfree(自由的)in1990，hechosetoshakehandswiththepeople__D__wantedtokillhim.(2014，临沂)
A．whoseB．whichC．/D．who
7．AWechat(微信)isaninvention__A__canhelppeopletalktofriends，sharephotos，ideasandfeelingsfreely.(2014，梅州)
A．whichB．whoC．whoseD．how
8．Lilydoesntknow______sheandherfriendscandotohelpthelittleboy__D__parentshavelefttheirhometownformakingmoney.(2013，兰州)
A．that；thoseB．how；who
C．what；whoD．what；whose
9．Istillrememberthecollegeandtheteachers__C__IvisitedinLondonyearsago.(2013，安徽)
A．whatB．whoC．thatD．which
10．—Doyouknowthegirl__B__withourEnglishteacheroften?
—Yes，hernameisHelen.(2013，鄂州)
A．whomtotalkB．whotalks
C．whoistalkingD．whomtalks
11．Afriendissomeone__A__says，“What！Youtoo？IthoughtIwastheonlyone！”(2013，河南)
A．whoB．whichC．whatD．whose
12．—Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike?
—Ilikemusic__D__Icandanceto.(2013，宜宾)
A．becauseB．whenC．whoD．that
13．Illneverforgetthelesson__B__lastyear.(2013，三亚)
A．thatIlearnB．thatIlearned
C．whatIlearnD．whatIlearned
14．Sheisthegirl__D__inventiongotthefirstprizeintheschoolcompetition.(2013，荆州)
A．whoB．thatC．whichD．whose
15．—Doyouknowthekidwith__D__Bobistalkingoverthere?
—Yes，itsmycousin.(2012，黄石)
A．whoB．thatC．不填D．whom
16．Therewillbeaflowershowinthepark__D__wevisitedlastweek.(2012，广东)
A．whoB．whenC．whatD．which
二、句型转换。
17．Thewomanisinred.Sheismyaunt.(合并为一句)
Thewoman__who_____is__inredismyaunt.
18．Jerrylikesthesongs.Theymakehimexcited.(合并为一句)
Jerrylikesthesongs__that/which_____make__himexcited.
19．Idontknowthegirlunderthetree.(改为含定语从句的复合句)
Idontknow__the_____girl_____who_____is__underthetree.
20．Thewomanwithabookinherhandisourmathteacher.(改为含定语从句的复合句)
Thewoman__who_____has_____a_____book__inherhandisourmathteacher.
