高三英语教案：《特殊词复习》教学设计。
俗话说，凡事预则立，不预则废。作为高中教师就要精心准备好合适的教案。教案可以让学生们能够更好的找到学习的乐趣，减轻高中教师们在教学时的教学压力。高中教案的内容要写些什么更好呢？小编收集并整理了“高三英语教案：《特殊词复习》教学设计”，欢迎大家与身边的朋友分享吧！
本文题目：高三英语语法复习教案：特殊词复习教案
8.1 stop doing/to do
stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事，stop doing 停止做某事。例如：
They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。
I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。
典型例题
She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest
答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择"stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事"。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。
8.2 forget doing/to do
forget to do 忘记要去做某事，forget doing 忘记做过某事。例如：
The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)
典型例题
---- The light in the office is still on. ---- Oh，I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
8.3 remember doing/to do
remember to do 记得去做某事，remember doing 记得做过某事。例如：
Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
8.4 regret doing/to do
regret to do 对将要做的事遗憾，regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。例如：
I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。
I don't regret telling her what I thought. 我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。
典型例题
---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
---Well, now I regret ___ that.
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
答案：D。regret having done sth. 对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth. 对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选D。
8.5 cease doing/to do
cease to do 长时间，甚至永远停做某事，cease doing 短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。例如：
That department has ceased to exist forever. 那个系已不复存在。
The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by. 姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。
8.6 try doing/to do
try to do 努力，企图做某事，try doing 试验，试着做某事。例如：
You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。
I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。
8.7 go on doing/to do
go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，go on doing 继续做原来做的事。例如：
After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。
Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习
8.8 be afraid doing/to do
be afraid to do 不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为"怕"，be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing 是客观上造成的，意为"生怕，恐怕"。She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.
她生怕被蛇咬着，不敢在草丛中再走一步。
She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
8.9 be interested doing/to do
interested to do 对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事，interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。例如：
I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道发生了什么事。(想了解)
I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that?
我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗? (一种想法)
8.10 mean to doing/to do
mean to do 打算、想，mean doing 意味着。例如：
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 增加工资意味着增加购买力。
8.11 begin(start) doing/to do
begin / start to do sth /begin / start doing sth.
1)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing。例如：
How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴?
2)begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do。例如：
I was beginning to get angry。我开始生起气来。
3)在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。例如：
I begin to understand the truth。我开始明白真相。
4)事物作主语时。例如：
The snow began to melt.雪开始融化了
8.12 感官动词 + doing/to do
感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，+doing 表示动作的进行性。例如：
I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
典型例题
1)They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.
A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow
答案：A。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。
2)The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playingC. playD. to play
答案A. 本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型。
相关阅读
高三英语教案：《特殊句式复习》教学设计
俗话说，居安思危，思则有备，有备无患。高中教师要准备好教案，这是高中教师的任务之一。教案可以让学生更好的消化课堂内容，帮助高中教师能够更轻松的上课教学。你知道如何去写好一份优秀的高中教案呢？下面的内容是小编为大家整理的高三英语教案：《特殊句式复习》教学设计，希望能为您提供更多的参考。
本文题目：高三英语复习教案：特殊句式复习
【备考策略】
1.强调句型：
句型结构形式：It is/was…that/who…
be的时态：that/who前面be的时态一般是一般现在时，当它后面的句子为过去时时，才用过去时。
判断方法：将(It is/was)...(that/who)…括号中的词同时去掉，看剩下的部分是否仍然成立。若成立，则是强调句型;若不成立，则为状语从句、定语从句或主语从句。
2.反意疑问句：
形式：句子+简短的疑问
(1)前面若有多个句子并列，则以最后一个句子为准;若前面部分为主从复合句，一般说来，以主句为准;但若宾语主从复合句的主句谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，feel，imagine，consider，guess等，主语又是第一人称且为一般现在时、谓语又没有任何副词修饰时，简短疑问部分的动词、时态、人称则以从句为准，而肯、否定形式依主句而定。
(2)前面句子含有must，can’t，may等表推测的词时，疑问部分则依据句子的时态及时间状语而定。
(3)句子是Let’s...时，后面用shall/shan’t we;前面部分是Let us…祈使句时，后面用will/won’t you。
(4)前面句子是I’m…时，后面用 aren’t l;句子是I’m not…时，后面用 am I。
(5)前面是感叹句时，后面跟感叹句的主、谓一致，但用否定形式。
(6)当主语是anyone/anybody/everyone/everybody时，疑问部分用复数形式。
否定、肯定形式：
(1)一般说来，前后两部分的否定、肯定形式相反;但当句子前有0h，Ah，so等语气词时，前后两部分的否定、肯定形式相同。
(2)前面部分有否定词或半否定词时，后面部分用肯定形式;但若前面部分含有由否定词缀构成的否定词时，后面部分还是用否定形式。
3.祈使句：祈使句的主语是you，但一般被省略;当前面有呼语时，一般得补出主语you;否定式一般是在前面加Don’t。
在“祈使句，+and/or/and then+句子”句型中，当祈使句中含有比较级时，可将祈使句中的谓语部分省略，只留下“比较级或比较级与名词，+and/or/and then+句子”。
4.感叹句：句型：what +a(n)+adj +n.+主语+be!;How +adj/adv.+主语+动词!
5.There be句型：注意动词的形式;注意能用于这一句型的抽象特殊名词及动词的抽象形式;注意主语补足语的形式。
6.倒装句：倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装。
全部倒装：地点副词或介词短语+动词+主语(名词);地点副词或介词短语+主语(代词)+动词。
部分倒装：(1)否定词或半否定词+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语动词+其它。
(2)only+副词(状语)/SO+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语动词+其它。
(3)让步状语从句的倒装。
(4)非真实条件句的倒装。
(5)结果、目的状语从句中的such，SO提到句首时的倒装。
7?省略句
(1)在上下文中，任何句子成分都可能省略，必须根据具体语境进行理解。
(2)熟悉并掌握一些特殊的省略形式。
A.在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，当从句的主语跟主句的主语一致时，从句的主语可以省略，同时将从句的谓语动词变为分词形式。
B.在时间、地点、条件、让步等状语从句中，当从句的主语跟主句的主语一致或从
句的主语是it，谓语是be动词时，从句的主语、谓语可以省略。如：When/Where，/If necessary。
C.当句子的谓语部分省略时，若只用代词代替句子，则需用代词的宾格形式。
D.当省略不定式的内容时，须保留小品词to。
8.对宾语从句的提问：特殊词位于句首，主句用一般疑问式，而宾语从句用陈述语序。
考点解析
高中英语涉及的特殊句型包括强调句、倒装句、省略句和反意疑问句。高考对于这四种句型的考查很灵活。学习的关键是记准确各个句型出现的条件。2013年高考考生应特别注意1、基本的句型条件;2、句型中的时态。
交际用语的考查重点应注重文化差异，在平时的学习中注意英语的交际规则和交际模式，防止母语思维定势的干扰和影响，形成英语思维方式。
强调
在使用英语时，有时要突出或强调某个词、词组或句子，这时就要用到强调结构。
一、强调句基本句型：“It is/ was + 被强调部分 + that/ who + 其他成分”强调句型可以强调一个句子的主语、宾语、表语及状语等成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人的词，可以用that或who(whom)连接其他成分;被强调的成分是表示人以外的词，例如表示事物、时间或地点的词，用that连接其他成分。一般疑问句：Is /was +被强调部分 + that/ who + 其他成分.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+is /was + that/ who + 其他成分.
1、It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do ______ benefits our work most. 【C】
A.who B.which C.that D.what
2、—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?
— Of course, I have.It was in our village it was made.【A】
A.that B.where C.when D.which
3、Was it on a lonely island he was saved one month after the boat went famous.【B】
A.where B.that C.which D.what
2、not …until 也可用于强调句型
4、 It was _____ he came bank from Africa that year ____ he met the girl he would like to marry. 【C】
A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when
3、It’s + 地点状语+ that…(强调句)
It’s +地点名词+ where… (定语从句)
It is the town where I was born. (the town 为地点名词，定语从句)
It was in the town that I was born. (in the town为地点状语，强调句型)
4、It’s + 时间名词+ when…(时间状语从句)
It’s + 时间状语 +that…(强调句)
It was at 8 o’clock that he returned. (at 8 o’clock是时间状语，强调句)
It was 8 o’clock when he returned.
(8 o’clock 是时间名词，时间状语从句)
5、借助助动词do
对谓语动词的强调要借助于助动词do加动词原形，而且do有人称、时态和数的变化。这种强调形式主要用于祈使句以及一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。
5、If you have a job， yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.【A】
A.do devote B.don't devote C.devoting D.not devoting
二、倒装句
英语通常的语序是主语在前，谓语在后。如果谓语的一部分或者全部提到主语之前，这种语序就是倒装。如果把全部谓语放在主语之前，就称为完全倒装;如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，则称为部分倒装。
完全倒装
1)、用在以here, there, now, then等副词开头的句子中
6、John opened the door . There _____ he had never seen before. 【D】
A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood
C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl
如果主语是人称代词，则主语和谓语的位置不变。
Here it is.
2)、为了强调，或为了紧密衔接上下文，常将表语放在句首，颠倒主语和谓语的次序。
Present at the meeting were Mr. Smith, Mr. Green and many other celebrities.
3)、为了使句子生动、流畅，可把in, out, down, over, off, away之类用作状语的副词放在句首，采用完全倒装。句中的谓语动词多是行为动词，而且是不及物动词。
Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes
4)、当介词短语位于句首作地点状语时，也常常用完全倒装。
7、At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China. 【A】
A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies
C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie
2、部分倒装
1)、用在省略了if的虚拟条件句中(把were, had或should移至主语前)，采用部分倒装。
Were she here, she would help us.(=If she were here, she would help us.)
2)、在表示祝愿的句子里，谓语动词或谓语动词的一部分，要放在主语的前面。
May you succeed!
3)、用在以so开头、表示谓语所述情况也适用于另一个人或另一事物的肯定句中，表示“也一样”，“也这样”。结构为：so + 系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语或者由neither, nor引导的，表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(否定句)，表示“也不”
He can speak English, so can we.
They haven’t prepared their lessons. Nor/Neither have I.
注意：so + 人称代词(同一主语)+ 助动词，这种结构中的主谓是正常语序，用以重述前面的情况，以表示赞同或强调。
----It was cold yesterday.----So it was.
注意：so it is/was with + 另一主语，这种结构表示这一主语的情况也如此。主要用于上文出现两个以上句子(情况)，而在逻辑上这些句子表现同一主语，通常是有肯定和否定的混合句。或有两个(以上)谓语。
Mike likes Chinese but he is not good at Chinese. So it is with Tom.
注意：主语+ 动词do(某种形式)+so, 此句型用以避免重复前文所述动词及其宾(状)语，表示该句型中的主语做了前文中已提到的动作，此句型中的主语可与前句主语相同，也可以是另外的人。
She asked me to speak louder and I did so.
4)、以never, little, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely, no sooner…than, hardly…when, by no means, nowhere, at no time, not a +名词等表示否定或半否定意义的副词或词组开头的句子中，采用部分倒装。
8、-It’s nice.Never before such a special drink!
-I’m glad you like it.【C】
A.I have had B.I had C.have I had D.had I
9、 Not until he left his home ____ to know how important the family was for him.【A】
A did he begin B had he begun
C he began D he had begun
5)、often, many a time, always, once等表示时间的频度副词放在句首时应用部分倒装。
Many a time has he been to Paris. 他去过巴黎多次。
6)、以only开头的句子(only后面为副词、介词短语或状语从句)，采用部分倒装，即把谓语的助动词放到主语之前，谓语用原形。
10、Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours _______a decision. 【B】
A.they reached B.did they reach
C.they reach D.do they reach
7)、as/ though引导让步状语从句时，常将句末的表语、动词、副词提至句首。
11、Unsatisfied with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.【B】
A. though was he B. though he was
C. he was though D. was he though
三、省略
在语言运用中，尤其是在口语中，省略是常见的语言现象。
1、在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词中的should可以省略。这些句子一般包含如下动词一及其派生词：一坚持(insist)，二命令
(order, command)，三建议(suggest, propose, advise)，四要求(demand, require, request, ask)
Jane's pale face suggested that she was ill and her parents suggested that she have a medical examination.
It is necessary (important, impossible, strange, natural, a pity, no wonder) that...等主语从句中。
It is necessary that the problem be solved at once.
2、定语从句中的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that, which, who (whom)常可以省略。
The man I saw is called Tom.
Where is the pen I bought this morning?
(2)关系副词when, where, why及that在the time when, the place where, the reason why, the way that结构中引导限制性定语从句时，在非正式场合下，可以省略关系副词when, where, why和that等。
I shall never forget the day we first met.
The reason he came so early is his own affair.
I don't like the way you speak to your mother.
3、状语从句中的省略
(1)当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
12、It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. , we’d better take it to the garage immediately.【D】
A.Otherwise B.If not C.But for that D.If so
(2)虚拟条件句中,含助动词、情态动词、动词be或have等,若将它们提到句首,则需省略if。
Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit till next week.
(3)在as(so)... as..., than引导的比较状语从句中。
I know you can do better than Peter.
This car doesn't run as fast as that one.
(4)在as引导的让步状语从句中，当作表语的单数名词提前时，不定冠词要省略。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
4、动词不定式中的省略
1)有些动词，如believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作宾补的结构to be + n./ adj. 中的to be可以省略。
I consider him stupid.
His mother found him a clever boy.
2) 感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等以及使役动词let, make, have后作宾补的动词不定式中的不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，to必须保留。
They made the boy go to bed early.
The boy was made to go to bed early.
3) 动词不定式在prefer，refuse，decide, mean, intend, try，promise, like, love， care，want，hope，wish，expect等动词后作宾语时，为了避免重复,常承前省略不定式后的内容,但要保留不定式符号 to。
I have asked her to come，but she does not want to.
注意：want，like用在 when，if, what，as 引导的从句中，其后的to也常可省略。
I've decided to do what I like.
I'll teach you if you like.
4)在can not but, can not choose but, can do nothing but..., can't help but..., prefer to do rather than do..., would do... rather than... 之后的动词不定式一般不带to;but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do, does, did, done 而且其宾语是something，nothing，anything和everything等不定代词时，也不带to, 否则要带to。
We have nothing to do now but wait.
I can not but admire his courage.
He has no choice but to accept the fact.
5)在并列结构中为了避免重复，后一个to省略。
I'm really puzzled what to think or say.
但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时，则后一个to不能省略。
I came not to scold but to praise you.
6)在why, why not 引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式。
Why talk so much about it? Why not try it again?
7)动词不定式与be able to，be going to，have to，ought to，used to等构成复合谓语时，不定式结构常可省略，但要保留不定式符号to。
I don’t want to wait for him， but l have to.
—Why didn’t you come to our party?
—I was going to，but l had a report to write.
8)动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。
Don't go till I tell you to.
9)动词不定式在ask，warn，tell，advise，force，wish，expect，allow，permit , invite, persuade, order, would like, forbid等动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，常可省略。
You'd better give a performance if you are asked to.
He didn't come, though we had invited him to.
10)动词不定式在happy， glad， eager，anxious，willing， ready等形容词等后承前省略动词原形，只保留不定式符号to。
—Will you join me in a walk?
—I'll be happy to.
注：承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be，则要保留be或have。
—Are you a doctor?
—No, but I used to be.
四、反意疑问句
1、反意疑问句的结构形式：
反意疑问句提出情况或看法，问对方同不同意，这种问句都由两部分组成，前一部分用陈述句的形式，后一部分是一个附着在前一部分上的简短问句，中间用逗号隔开，如前一部分为肯定形式，后一部分通常用否定形式，前一部分为否定形式，后一部分就用肯定形式，两部分的时态要一致。
You are to go home via Hongkong, aren’t you?
(肯定的陈述句+否定的反意疑问句)
They didn’t raise many questions at the press conference, did they?
(否定的陈述句+肯定的反意疑问句)
2、反意疑问句的答语
在回答反意疑问句时，应根据事实来回答，如果事实是肯定的，前面要用yes,否则用no, 在第一部分为否定句时要特别注意，这时英语回答和汉语回答是不一致的。
----You are not going out today, are you?----No, I am not.
你今天不出去，是吗? 是的，我今天不出去。
(“不出去”属于否定的事实，所以在英语中应用“no”来表示此义，不要用 “yes”来回答。)
构成反意疑问句时应注意的问题：
1)、当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody等不定代词时，反意疑问句部分中的主语常用they (有时也可用he.)
Somebody borrowed my pen yesterday, didn’t they?
No one was hurt, was he?
2)、当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, nothing, something等表物的不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语常用it.
Everything has been done on how to prevent the pollution, hasn’t it?
3)、当陈述部分的主语是one时，反意疑问部分的主语常用one或you。
One should study hard, shouldn’t one/ you?
4)、当陈述部分的主语是man(人类)时，反意疑问部分的主语常用he。
Man is the master of his own fate, isn’t he?
5)、当陈述部分是there be结构时， 反意疑问部分用there,省略主语代词。
There used to be a shop, didn’t there?
6)、当陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词应用肯定形式。
Few people know him, do they?
Bob rarely got drunk, did he?
You have nothing else to say, have you?
7)、当陈述部分中含有im, in, dis, un等否定前缀或less等否定后缀时，应把陈述部分看成是肯定的，反意疑问部分要用否定式。
Your mother dislikes seeing you with me, doesn’t she?
He is unfamiliar with this type of computer, isn’t he?
8)、当陈述部分是I’m …结构时，反意疑问部分常用aren’t I
I am late, aren’t I?
9)、 当陈述部分是主从复合句时，反意疑问部分中的动词和主语代词通常应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。
If you don’t start early, you will be late, won’t you?
Peter believes that his dream will come true some day, doesn’t he?
10)、当陈述部分的主句是I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine等结构时，反意疑问部分往往与从句保持一致，而且要注意否定转移。
I think he is a thief, isn’t he?
I don’t think he can do it well, can he?
11)、当陈述部分含有have，而且have作“有”解时，反意疑问部分用have/has或借助助动词do, does, did等来完成;如果陈述部分中的have是实义动词，则反意疑问部分应需借助助动词do, does, did等来完成。
He hasn’t a lot of time to spare, has he?
He doesn’t have an English dictionary, does he?
12)、当陈述部分的谓语动词包括have to, had to时，反意疑问部分通常用do的适当形式。
You had to take the early bus, didn’t you?
We have to do it, don’t we?
13)、当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时，反意疑问部分可用used to形式或did形式。
He used to get up late, didn’t/ usedn’t he?
14)、当陈述部分是祈使句时，反意疑问部分常用will you.
Help me to do it, will you?
Don’t go there, will you?
◆ Let’s 和Let us都表示“让我们”，但用法上不同。前者包括听话人，后者不包括听话人。正因如此，它们的反意疑问句的形式常常不同：
以Let’s 开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分常用shall we.
以Let us开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分常用will you.
Let’s go now, shall we? (我们去，你也去)
Let us go shopping, will you? (我们去，你不去)
15)、当陈述句部分含had better/best, would like to, would rather等约定俗成特殊短语时，反意疑问部分应保留第一个词。
He had better do more speaking, hadn’t he?
16)、当陈述句部分是强调句或类似强调句的结构时，反意疑问部分常和句首的It is/was保持一致。
It is the first time that he has gone there, isn’t it?
17)、当陈述句部分为感叹句时，反意疑问句部分常用否定形式，且问句部分的动词常用be.
What a cold day, isn’t it?
18)、当陈述部分含有情态动词must, may, can’t, 且表示推测时，反意疑问部分不能用must, may, can’t自身，应和后面的实义动词保持一致;
◆ must/ may/ can’t + do 表示对现在情况的推测，反意疑问部分用一般现在时。
He can’t be Mr. Chen, is he?(相当于I don’t think he is Mr. Chen.)
He must be very tired, isn’t he? (相当于：I believe he is very tired.)
◆ must/ may/ can’t + have done +过去时间状语，表示对过去情况的推测，反意疑问部分常用一般过去时。
You must have seen the film last week, didn’t you?
(相当于：I think you saw the film last week.)
It can’t have snowed last week, did it? (相当于：I don’t think it snowed last week.)
◆ must/ may/ can’t + have done , 反意疑问部分常用现在完成时。
You may have been to Tibet, haven’t you? (相当于：Maybe you have been to Tibet.)
He can’t have known the news, has he? (相当于：I don’t think he has known the news.)
You must have waited for a long time, haven’t you?
(相当于：I think you have waited for a long time.)
19)、当陈述部分含有情态动词mustn’t表示“禁止”时，反意疑问部分常用must.
You mustn’t walk on grass, must you?
20)、当陈述部分含有情态动词need, dare时，反意疑问部分有两种形式：作情态动词时保留自身;作实义动词时反意疑问句应借助于助动词do/does/did来完成。
He needs to start at once, doesn’t he?
She dare not go out alone at night, dare she?
21)、当陈述部分含有情态动词ought to时，反意疑问部分常用oughtn’t (有时也可用shouldn’t.)
The child ought to be punished, oughtn’t he?
五年高考
A组 2012年全国高考题组
1.【2012浙江卷,19】 Had they known what was coming next, they________ second thoughts.
A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had
【考点】虚拟语气中的情态动词
【答案】D
【解析】本句是一个倒装句，可还原为：if they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thought。根据had known提示，可知是与过去事实相反，因此虚拟语气主句中应该用would/might +have done，由此可见答案D符合语境。
2.【2012江苏卷,25】 There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _______________?
A. is there B. isn't there C. is he D. isn't he
【考点】特殊句式—反义问句
【答案】A
【解析】根据前面there be 句里含有否定意义的词little，所以反意疑问句用肯定形式，其主谓应与陈述部分的主谓保持一致，故选A项。
3.【2012山东卷,31】 — I don’t know about you, but I’m sick and tired of this weather.
— _________. I can’t stand all this rain.
A. I don’t care B. It’s hard to say
C. So am I D. I hope not
【答案】C
【解析】当表示后者与前者具有相同特征的时候，后者用倒装的形式;肯定用so，否定用nor或neither构成。根据后面一句中的I can’t stand all this rain可知，此处与上一句中的I’m sick and tired of the weather表达同样的感受，因此应该用So am I，表示“我也是”。句意：---我不了解你。我讨厌这种天气。---我也是。我无法忍受整天下雨。
【考点】考查倒装句的用法。
4.【2012全国新课程,34】 You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you.
A. so B. or
C. and D. but
【答案】B
【解析】此处or表示“否则”。句意：你必须躲开，否则卡车过不去。
【考点】考查并列连词。
5.【2012湖南高考真题,30】 It was not until I came here ____ I realized this place was famous, for not only its beauty but also its weather.
A. who B. that C. where D. before
【答案】B
【考点】本题考查强调句。
【解析】把it was及空去掉，可转换为一个完整的句子。且这是表示“直到……时才”的句型之一：it was not until … that …。复合句 强调句型that
6.【2012重庆卷,33】 The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor______ it a thought.
A. does he even given B. he even gives C. whether D. he will even given
【考点】特殊句式—倒装结构
【答案】C
【解析】空白处前为否定词“nor”位于句首，句子应该使用部分倒装结构，而且根据语境空白处应使用一般将来时，C选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。
技巧点拨：考查倒装。否定副词never位于句首，句子应该使用部分倒装结构;根据语境即关键词before，句子应该用现在完成时，故正确答案为C选项。
7.【2012辽宁卷,32】Not until he retired from teaching three years ago having a holiday abroad.
A. he had considered B. had he considered
C. he considered D. did he consider
【考点】特殊句式—倒装。
【答案】D
【解析】Not until位于句首时句子要倒装，consider having a holiday abroad这个动作发生在retire之后，所以用一般过去时。
8.【2012四川卷,4】At school, some students are active ______ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.
A. while B. although C. so D. as
【答案】 A
【考点】本题考查并列连词。
【解析】题干句意为：在学校，一些学生很活跃而一些却很害羞，然而他们都可能彼此成为好朋友。根据句意选while，表示两个分句中两种情况的对比。
9.【2012四川卷,5】This is not my story, nor ______ the whole story. My story plays out differently.
A. is there B. there is C. is it D. it is
【答案】 C
【考点】本题考查倒装句。
【解析】nor位于句首引起部分倒装，排除B、D;再根据句意“这并不是(关于)我的故事，它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的结局不同。”选代词it。故答案选C。
B组 2008-2011年全国高考题组
1.【2011重庆卷32】—Have you seem the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?
— Of course, I have. It was in our village _______ it was made.
A. that B. where C. when D. which
【答案】A
【考点】考查强调句。
【解析】问话人询问对方是否看过《山楂树之恋》这部电影，答话人回答说当然看过，这部电影是在自己的村庄拍摄的。本句是强调句，被强调的部分是地点状语in our village。强调状语in our village。
2.【2011湖南卷35】It’s not what we do once in a while ______ shapes our lives, but what we do consistently
A .which B. that C. how D. when
【答案】B
【考点】本题考察强调句型。
【解析】本题考察强调句型。强调主语。故选B。句子意思：决定我们生活的东西不是我们偶尔所做的事情而是那些我们自始至终所做的事情。
3.【2011全国卷II13】Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and .
A. neither won’t Tom B. Tom won’t either
C. Tom will too D. so will Tom
【答案】B
【考点】考查特殊句式。
【解析】句意：简不会来参加我们今晚的宴会，汤姆也不会来。此处是否定句，故使用either，而too一般用于肯定句中。此处也可以用so倒装的否定式，即neither/nor will Tom.注意A项中neither表否定意义，所以不能用won’t。
4.【2011江苏卷33】It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine._______ , we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
A. Otherwise B. If not C. But for that D. If so
【答案】D
【考点】考查省略和替代。
【解析】句意：听起来车的发动机好像有问题，如果那样的话，我们最好立刻把它弄到汽修厂去。前后两句话之间是顺承关系。Otherwise否则，要不然;if not要不，不然;but for that若不是因为那件事;if so若是这样。
5.【2011辽宁卷33】_____ a strange plant! I've never seen it before.
A. Which B. What C. How D. Whether
where
【答案】B
【考点】考查感叹句。
【解析】句意：多么奇怪的植物啊!我以前从没见过。此处为“What+a/an十adj.+n.+it is/was”的省略结构，故B项正确。
6.【2011上海卷 30】It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party, _______?
A. doesn’t it B. does it C. don’t they D. do they
【答案】B
【考点】考查反义疑问句。
【解析】反义疑问句的基本原则就是与主句主谓保持一致。陈述部分为否定，故附加部分为肯定，句意：他们是否来参加你的派对，没有关系，是吗?
7.【10浙江】The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if regularly, can improve our health.
A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
【答案】C
【考点】本题考查if条件句中的省略情况。
【解析】本句的句子的主语是the experiment;谓语动词是shows;that引导宾语从句, 宾语从句的主干事：proper amounts of exercise can improve our health, if_____ regularly是插入的条件从句, 从句的主语是proper amounts of exercise, 此时应用it代替前面提到的主语, 条件句的主语与主句的主语一致, 并且含有is, 故省略了it is, 完整形式是：if it is carried out。句意为：这项实验表明, 适当的运动, 如果有规律的进行, 能够有助于我们的身体健康。
8.【10江西】Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him.
A did he begin B had he begun C he began D he had begun
【答案】A
【考点】考查倒装。
【解析】not until放在句首要用部分倒装, 翻译为直到, 所以begin发生在left之后或同时发生
9.【09湖南】You and I could hardly work together, ?
A. could you B. couldn’t I C. couldn’t we D. could we
【答案】D
【考点】反义疑问句的用法。
【解析】根据陈述部分是肯定形式, 疑问部分用否定形式;反之。陈述部分中含有否定词hardly, 故疑问部分用肯定形式, 主语是you and I。故应选D。
10.【09江西】According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _________ a woman.
A. than B. such C. so D. as
【答案】D
【考点】比较级的结构
【解析】比较级的结构, as ….. as , 注意句中的more than 只是修饰twice
11.【08福建】—Who should be responsible for the accident?
—The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order .
A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told
【答案】A
【考点】此题考查状语从句的省略
【解析】as told=as they were told, 此处是as引导的方式状语从句的省略。当从句主语与主句主语一致, 且谓语动词含有be时, 将从句的主语和be省略。又因为workers与tell之间是被动关系, 排除C、D。
12.【08辽宁】 Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and ______.
A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I
【答案】B
【考点】本题考查倒装。
【解析】句意为：Bill对Jason耽误了报告的事不高兴, 我也是(我也不高兴)。表示 “某人也不……时”, 应该用 “neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”。
三年模拟
A组 2012年全国模拟题组
1.(浙江省杭州十四中2012届高三3月月考,8)________this problem, they don’t know how to deal with it.
A. Face B. Faced C. Facing D. To be faced
2.(浙江省2012届重点中学协作体高三第二学期3月调研试题,6)_____ read newspapers for pleasure, but also to improve their minds.
A. Not only old men B. Not only old men do
C. Not only do old men D. Old men not only do
3.(浙江省部分重点中学2012届高三下学期2月联考,5)Only when I left my parents for Italy, ________how much I loved them.
A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I real ize
4.(浙江省东阳市南马高中2012届高三下学期入学考试,16)______ how mirrors produce image, we need to know what light does.
A. Understanding B. Understood C. To understand D. Having understood
5.(浙江省奉化市第二中学2012届高三上学期第三次月考,6)It is always those _____ forgive first _______ achieve more happiness.
A. 不填; and B. who; and C. who; that D. that; but
6.(浙江省杭州市2012届高三第一次高考教学质量检测,19)
—How many students will attend James’ course?
—I suppose there will be not more than ten, , for it is too abstract.
A.if so B.if possible C.if any D.if ever
7.(浙江省杭州市西湖高级中学2012届高三3月月考,17)________, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.
A. Although much he like her B. Much although he likes her
C. As he likes her much D. Much as he likes her
8.(浙江省嘉兴市2012届高三下学期教学质量检查(二),1)
--- Nice to meet you. You can call me Sarah.
--- Oh, ! My name is Sarah, too. We have the same name.
A.what a shame B.what a small world
C.what a joke D.what a coincidence
9.(金华十校2012年高考模拟考试,14)The school library provides a variety of books, _______ they will meet the needs of different students.
A.to hope B.hope C.hoped D.hoping
10.(浙江省宁波市2012届高三上学期期末试题,18)On no account _______ tell him about our plans.
A. you must B. you can C. can you D. must you
11.(浙江省绍兴市第一中学2012届高三下学期回头望考试题,11)I don’t think my mother will come to Shaoxing, but in case she ______, I will ask for a few days to show her around the East Lake.
A. will B. would C. did D. does
12.(浙江省名校新高考研究联盟2012届第一次联考,3)We were told not to touch the equipment in the laboratory unless ________.
A. allowed to do B. allowing to do C. allowed to D. allowing to
B组 2010-2011年全国模拟题组
1.(2011年浙江省高考模拟卷,6) ______ to the victims in the mud-flow struck areas, you can contact the local charity organizations.
A. Contributing B. To contribute C. Being contribute D. Contributed
2.(温州中学高三年级第一次模拟考试,35)In my opinion, learning is life long and the more knowledge you get_______.
A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you are
C. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more life
3.(浙江省绍兴市2011年高三教学质量调测,11)The latest edition of Harry Potter is as attractive as the previous editions. , it is more thrilling.
A.If anything B.If something C.If necessary D.If so
4.(浙江省2011届高考考试样卷 ,6)If not _______, you’re allowed to return everything within 10 days for a full refund and no further duties.
A. to satisfy B. being satisfied C. satisfied D. satisfying
5.(浙江省2011届高三模拟考试试题(一),23)
—Do you know ____ the 2011 Xiamen International Marathon was held?
—On January 2.
A.when it was that B.when was it that
C.what it was that D.what was it that
6.(浙江省富阳二中2011届高三3月月考,6) It is the best play I have ever seen, and never before _______ a film of so high quality.
A. I saw B. have I seen C. did I see D. I have seen
7.(浙江省温州二中2010届高三上学期期中,11)_______ up , the young man found himself covered with a red blanket.
A. Wake B. Waking C. Wakes D. woke
8.(浙江省瑞安中学2010届高三暑期总结性测试,10) Only when you leave your parents for college education _______ how much you love them.
A. do you realize B. you realize C. you will realize D. will you realize
9.(温州市2009学年高三八校联考英语试卷,6) Not until I went through his paper _________ what rapid progress he had made in writing.
A. I did find B. did I find C. I had found D. was I found
10.(温州中学2009学年第一学期第一次月考,12)______ with some research findings, I decided on three possible approaches.
A. Preparing B. Having prepared
C. To prepare D. Prepared
高三英语语法知识特殊词复习教案
俗话说，居安思危，思则有备，有备无患。准备好一份优秀的教案往往是必不可少的。教案可以让学生能够在教学期间跟着互动起来，有效的提高课堂的教学效率。你知道怎么写具体的教案内容吗？下面是小编精心收集整理，为您带来的《高三英语语法知识特殊词复习教案》，供大家参考，希望能帮助到有需要的朋友。
8.特殊词精讲8.1stopdoing/todo
stoptodo 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事，stopdoing 停止做某事。例如：
Theystoptosmokeacigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。
Imuststopsmoking. 我必须戒烟了。
典型例题
Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped___ onabigrockbythesideofthepath.
A.tohaverested B.resting C.torest D.rest
答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择"stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事"。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stopdoingsth.不正确。
8.2forgetdoing/todo
forgettodo 忘记要去做某事，forgetdoing 忘记做过某事。例如：
Thelightintheofficeisstilon.Heforgottoturnitoff.办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。（没有做关灯的动作）
Heforgotturningthelightoff.他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）
典型例题
----Thelightintheofficeisstillon.----Oh，Iforgot___.
A.turningitoff B.turnitoff C.toturnitoff D.havingturneditoff
答案：C。由thelightisstillon可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forgettodosth.而forgetdoingsth表示灯已经关上了，而忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
8.3rememberdoing/todo
remembertodo记得去做某事，rememberdoing 记得做过某事。例如：
Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.记着放学后去趟邮局。
Dontyourememberseeingthemanbefore?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
8.4regretdoing/todo
regrettodo 对将要做的事遗憾，regretdoing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。例如：
Iregrettohavetodothis,butIhavenochoice.我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。
IdontregrettellingherwhatIthought. 我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。
典型例题
---Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.
---Well,nowIregret___that.
A.todo B.tobedoing C. tohavedone D. havingdone
答案：D。regrethavingdonesth.对已发生的事感到遗憾。regrettodosth.对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选D。
8.5ceasedoing/todo
ceasetodo长时间，甚至永远停做某事，ceasedoing 短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。例如：
Thatdepartmenthasceasedtoexistforever.那个系已不复存在。
Thegirlsceasedchattingforamomentwhentheirteacherpassedby.姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。
8.6trydoing/todo
trytodo 努力，企图做某事，trydoing 试验，试着做某事。例如：
Youmusttrytobemorecareful.你可要多加小心。
Itriedgardeningbutdidntsucceed.我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。
8.7goondoing/todo
goontodo 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，goondoing 继续做原来做的事。例如：
Afterhehadfinishedhismaths，hewentontodohisphysics.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。
Goondoingtheotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习
8.8beafraiddoing/todo
beafraidtodo 不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为"怕"，beafraidofdoing 担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing是客观上造成的，意为"生怕，恐怕"。Shewasafraidtostepfurtheringrassbecauseshewasafraidofbeingbittenbyasnake.
她生怕被蛇咬着，不敢在草丛中再走一步。
Shewasafraidtowakeherhusband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
Shewasafraidofwakingherhusband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
8.9beinteresteddoing/todo
interestedtodo 对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事，interestedindoing 对某种想法感兴趣，doing通常为想法。例如：
Ishallbeinterestedtoknowwhathappens.我很想知道发生了什么事。（想了解）
IminterestedinworkinginSwitzerland.Doyouhaveanyideaaboutthat?
我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗?（一种想法）
8.10meantodoing/todo
meantodo 打算、想，meandoing 意味着。例如：
Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。
Toraisewagemeansincreasingpurchasingpower.增加工资意味着增加购买力。
8.11begin（start）doing/todo
begin/starttodosth/begin/startdoingsth.
1）谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing。例如：
Howoldwereyouwhenyoufirststartedplayingthepiano?你几岁时开始弹钢琴？
2）begin,start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式todo。例如：
Iwasbeginningtogetangry。我开始生起气来。
3）在attempt,intend,begin,start后接know,understand,realize这类动词时，常用不定式todo。例如：
Ibegintounderstandthetruth。我开始明白真相。
4）事物作主语时。例如：
Thesnowbegantomelt.雪开始融化了
8.12感官动词+doing/todo
感官动词see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel+do表示动作的完整性，+doing表示动作的进行性。例如：
Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。（强调"我看见了"这个事实）
Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
典型例题
1）Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher___upfromchildhood.
A.grow B.grew C.wasgrowing D.togrow
答案：A。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用seesbdosth的句型。
2）Themissingboywaslastseen___neartheriver.
A.playing B.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay
答案A.本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用seesb.doingsth句型。
高三英语教案：《形容词与副词复习》教学设计
一名优秀的教师在教学方面无论做什么事都有计划和准备，作为高中教师就要在上课前做好适合自己的教案。教案可以让学生能够在教学期间跟着互动起来，减轻高中教师们在教学时的教学压力。写好一份优质的高中教案要怎么做呢？以下是小编为大家收集的“高三英语教案：《形容词与副词复习》教学设计”但愿对您的学习工作带来帮助。
本文题目：高三英语教案：形容词与副词复习
专题04 形容词与副词
【备考策略】
一、形容词的比较级和最高级的使用
说 明 例 词
一般情况 加er, est smaller,smallest
以e 结尾 加r,st larger,largest
单音节词和少数多音节的形容词，加词尾er ,est 以"辅音字母+y "结尾的词 改y为i，再加er,est busier,busiest
重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写末尾辅音字母，加er,est fatter,fattest
以ow,er结尾的双音节词 加er ,est narrower,narrowestcleverer,clevest
多数双音节和多音节的词 加more most more beautiful,most important
(1)副词的比较级和最高级
1.大多数以ly结尾的副词前加more 和most 来构成比较级和最高级。
2.少数单音节副词，加er,est 构成其比较级和最高级 。
几个特殊的形容词和副词
原级 比较级 最高级
good ,well better best
bad, ill, badly worse worst
many ,much more most
little less least
far farther, further farthest,further
old older, elder oldest, eldest
(2)比较级和最高级的常用句型
名称 句型 例句
相等 as 原形 as (as 原形+名词 as ) The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train. He has not as much money as his friend.
不及 not as(so) 原形 as (not as[so ]+名词+原形 as ) She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.
比较级+ than Health is more important than wealth.
超越 the +比较级+of the two两者中较… 的一个 He is the taller of the two.
用于否定 no +比较级+than 和…一样不 He is no richer than I.他和我一样不富有。
用于否定 最…不过 His work couldn't be worse.他的工作再糟糕不过了。
程度递增 er and er，more and more+多音节词原级 (越来越…) higher and higher more and more important
两种情况同时变化 the +比较级，the+比较级(越…，越…) The quicker you get ready, the sooner we'll be able to leave.
三者或三者以上比较 the +最高级+of/in+比较范围(…之中最…) Of all things in the world, people are the precious.
(3)比较级结构的修饰语
1.用于原级之前：
almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice,three times , a third,etc.
John is almost as tall as you.
The river is three times as long as that one.
We have a third as many students as we had last term.
2.用于比较级前
many, a few (用于"more +可数名词"前)
It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.
a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten percent,three times etc.
It's cold this year, but it's even colder last year.
We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.
3.用于形容词和最高级前
the very , much the ,by far the ,the first/second
This hat is by far the largest in the world.
Gold is the very most valuable of all materials . 二、位置与功能
高考重点要求
1.掌握形容词、副词比较级、最高级的常用句型及用法
2.掌握形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级修饰语及倍数的比较表达。
3.注意多外形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序。
4.分清常用同义与近义形容词在表达中的语义差别。
1.定语。
在名词前做定语，为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词(含其它起形容词作用的词)做前置定语的顺序。
"县官行令杀国才。"这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：
限(冠词[物主代词、指示代词]数词等)观 (描绘) 形(大小、形状等) 龄 (年龄、新旧等)色(色彩)国(国籍、出处等)材(材料、功用等)
an interesting English film a heavy black Chinese silk umbrella
做后置定语。修饰由不定代词no ,any, some ，every和one,thing等构成的复合词或形容词短语。
2.表语。一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。
常见系动词有：be
变化系词： become, get ,turn, grow, go
保持系词： keep ,remain, stay
感观系词： look, smell , taste, feel, sound,appear , seem ,prove etc.
3.形容词作状语，表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。
He went to bed , cold and hungry.
4.做宾补。
N：①某些以a 开始的形容词只做表语，不做定语。
afraid, alike, alone, asleep ,awake，alive
②某些表身体健康状况的形容词只能做表语,不做定语
well, ill faint
③某些以-ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。
friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, likely, deadly, orderly 等。
④复合形容词的形式问题。
an 800-meter-wide river an English-speaking country a middle-aged man
副词
位置
1)时间副词和地点副词一般放于句尾。如同时出现，则地点副词在前。
They went boating in Zhongshan Park yesterday.
2)表频率的时间副词是高考的热点
always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually 等，通常放于行为动词之前，be词、情态动词和助动词之 后。
He is always telling lies,so I will never believe him.
3)程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前(但 enough除外)
He is very young ,so he is not old enough to go to school.
N:有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以ly 结尾，但它们的含义是不同的。
closely-close nearly-near freely-free deeply-deep highly-high widely-wide 等。
以ly 结尾的词表较为抽象的含义，而与形容词同形的副词则表较为具体的概念。
He is highly praised for what he has done. (高度地)
He can see a bird is flying high in the sky.(飞得高，具有可见性)
考点解析
考点一、倍数表达法
表示倍数的句型： (1)A is+倍数+比较级+than+B (2)A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B (3)A is+倍数+the+名词(size，length，height 等)+of+B (4)A is+倍数+that+of+B (5)A is+倍数+what 引导的名词性从句 ①This building is three times higher than that one. This building is three times as high as that one. This building is three times the height of that one. 这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。 ②The output of this year is 3 times that of 2012. =The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 20012. 今年的产量是2012年的三倍。 ③After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced twice as many cars in 2012as the year before. 自从新技术被引进以后，这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。 1. When you study the local map，you’ll find this town is________. A.twice the si ze of that one B.twice as a large town as that C.twice as larger as that one D.twice as la rger a town as that 解析： 句意为：当你研究当地的地图时，你会发现这座城镇是那个的两倍大。倍数的表达方式：A is +倍数+the+名词(如size/length)+of B;B项中不定冠词位置错误;C、D项中as后应用形容词原级。答案： A 2. Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s，but it cost________his. A.as much twice as B.twice as much as C.much as twice as D.as twice much as 解析： 倍数表达法是形容词比较等级中一种很常用的比较级结构。不管用哪种比较级结构来表示比较，表示倍数的词总是放在比较级结构的最前面。答案： B 3. My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours，but it is twice_ _______expensive. A.as B.so C.too D.very 解析： 考查倍数表达法。这里的倍数是“twice”，由expensive这一原级可知，这里使用了“as...as...”这一比较结构，在具体的语境中，后面的一个as以及后面的成分可以承前省略，即这里expensive后面省略了as ours。答案： A 考点二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
1.“as+形容词+(a/an)+名词+as”表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。 It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。 2.“as+形容词/副词的原级+as”与“not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as”表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。 The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine. 这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。 3.“the+比较级+of the two +名词”表示“两者中较……的那个”。 The taller of the two boys is my brother. 两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。 4.a+形容词比较级+n.…… After two years’ research，we have a far better understanding of the disease. 研究两年之后，现在我们对这种病有更好的理解。 We went to the USA in search of a better life. 为了寻找更美好的生活我们去了美国。 5.比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑问句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit 等。 The students study even harder than before. 学生们学习比以前更努力了。 A car runs a great deal faster than a bike. 汽车比自行车跑得快得多。 6.最高级 (1)最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like。 The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River. 目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。 I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera. 我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。 (2)否定词+比较级=最高级。 There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends. 为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。 —Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting? ——你对他在会议上说的满意吗? —No.It couldn’t have been worse. ——不，不能再差了。 1. Believe it or not，swimming is________as any to lose unwanted weight. A.a way as good B.as a good way C.as a way good D.as good a way 解析： 考查固定短语。as...as表示“和……一样”，固定表达方式有“as+adj./adv.+as”“as+adj.+a/an+n.+as”等。
答案： D
2. —Do you think that the 11th Chinese National Games were a success? —Yes，________!It couldn’t be ________. A.relatively;better B.approximately;worse C.absolutely;better D.fortunately;worse 解析： 本题考查副词和形容词在语境中的运用。relatively 相对地，比较地;approximately 大约;absolutely 当然是，绝对正确;fortunately 幸运地。根据语境知，第十一届全运会绝对是一个成功的盛会，没有比它更好的了，故C项正确。
答案： C
3. Of the two cameras，I would prefer ________one，which is very easy for me to carry. A.a smaller B.the smallest C.a small D.the smaller 解析： 考查形容词比较级。由of the two cameras 可知，总共有两台相机，其中“小的那台”，应该用比较级smaller，同时又是“确指”的概念，所以用the smaller，选D项。
答案： D
考点三、形容词、副词的基本用法
1.形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表达动作的方式。
After the long journey，the three of them went back home，hungry and tired. 经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到家，又饿又累。 2.有些副词还可以作连词，作副词时常放在句末。如：though，(ever)since，in case等
He is old.He works hard，though.
=Though he is old，he works hard. 虽然他年事已高，但他工作还是很努力。 3.有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：obviously，naturally，surprisingly等
Fortunately，he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA. 幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。 Happily for her，her stepmother was kind to her. 高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。 4.can not/never 与enough 或too连用表示：无论怎样都不过分;越……越好。
—I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden，a car cut in and knocked me down. ——我正在大街上独自一人骑自行车，突然一辆小汽车强行超车把我撞倒了。 —You can never be too careful in the street. — —在大街上你越仔细越好。 1. ________，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile. A.Shy and cautious B.Sensitive and thoughtful C.Honest and confident D.Lighthearted and optimistic 解析： 句意为：她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。本题考查形容词作伴随状语。shy and cautious 害羞的、小心的;sensitive and thoughtful 敏感的、多思的;honest and confide nt 诚实的、自信的。
答案： D
2. Jim went to answer the phone.________，Harry started to prepare lunch. A.However B.Nevertheless C.Besides D.Meanwhile 解析： 句意为：Jim 去接电话了。与此同时，Harry 开始做午饭。本题考查副词用法。A.然而;B.虽然如此;C.除此之外;D.与此同时。根据前后句逻辑关系，应选择表示并列关系的D。
答案： D
3. We only had 0 and that was________to buy a new computer. A.nowhere near enough B.near enough nowhere C.enough near nowhere D.near nowhere enough 解析： 句意为：我们只有100美元，离买台新电脑的钱还差得远呢。本题考查修饰 词顺序。not anywhere near 或nowhere near：far from，not at all远非，绝不是，为固定短语。
答案： A
4. When it was his turn to deliver his speech，________，he walked towards the microphone. A.nervously and embarrassingly B.nervous and embarrassedly C.nervously and embarrassing D.nervous and embarrassed 解析： 该题考查形容词作状语。形容词一般作定语，但也可作状语。如：He lay in bed，awake.再如：Her husband came back，drunk.
答案： D
五年高考
A组 2012年全国高考题组
1.【2012浙江卷】10.__ The research lacks evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful. A. solid B. fierce C. severe D. potential
【考点】形容词词义辨析
【答案】A
【解析】根据句意：研究缺乏实证(solid evidence)，因此所得出的结论还有待考证。fierce激烈的;severe严重的;potential，有潜力的，均不符合语境，故排除。
2.【2012湖北卷】26. “Perhaps we need to send for Dr. Smith to see what we can do about it,” Father suggested ________ to his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem.
A. tentatively B. thoughtlessly C. definitely D. rudely
【答案】 A
【考点】考查副词辨析 教学资源集散地。">。难度中等。
【解析】句意为：“看来我们要请史密斯先生来看看我们对此如何处理”，父亲对到此讨论此问题的邻居试探性地说。A项“试探性地”，符合语境。B项意为“欠考虑地”，C项意为“明确地”，D项意为“粗鲁地”，都与语境不符。
3.【2012山东卷】33. Be _______ — you can’t expect me to finish all this work in so little time.
A. reasonable B. confident
C. creative D. grateful
【答案】A
【解析】此处confident信心;creative有创造力的;grateful感激的;reasonable有道理的。句意：要讲道理，你不能指望我在如此短的时间里完成所有的工作。
【考点】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。 4.【2012全国新课程】26. The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so much _______. A. the best B. best C. better D. the better 【答案】D
【解析】此处so much修饰名词，所以用the better的形式。句意：这结果对我们来说不很重要，但如果我们真的赢了，那就太好了。
【考点】考查形容词、副词的比较等级的用法。 5.【2012安徽卷】23. Interest is as to learning as the ability to understand , even more so.
A. vital B. available C. specific D. Similar
【答案】A
【解析】Be vital to 表示：对.....极端重要;something be available to somebody表示：某人可以得到某物，列句：cooperative medical service is available to all the members of the the commune. C答案specific 不能与to 搭配;D 答案 similar to 表示：与.....相似。
本题可以把定于to understand 省掉，也可以把后面的even more so省掉或还原。
Interest is as to learning as the ability 这样可以确定B是错误的，D更是错误的。
Interest is even more than the ability to understand.
很佩服出卷人!
原句： Interest is vital to learning 互联网对于学习极端重要。
变化之一：Interest is as vital to learning as the ability to understand 互联网对于学习极端重要，就像理解能力对于学习极端重要一样，互联网甚至比理解能力更加重要。
【考点】考查形容词。
6.【2012湖南】24. Bicycling is good exercise; ____, it does not pollute the air.
A. nevertheless B. besides C. otherwise D. therefore
【答案】B
【考点】本题考察副词含义辨析。
【解析】根据句意：“骑自行车是一种很好的运动方式，而且又不会造成大气污染”故选B(besides而且，加之，除此以外)。词汇 副词besides
7.【2012辽宁卷】22. We used to see each other , but I haven’t head from him since last year. A. especially B. regularly C. particularly D. approximately
【考点】副词词义辨析
【答案】B
【解析】A项意为“尤其;特别”;B项意为“定期地，经常地”;C项意为“特别，尤其”;D项意为“近似地，大约”。根据句意“我们原来经常见面，但从去年我就没再收到过他的信”。
8.【2012四川卷】7. The hotel is almost finished, but it _____ needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests.
A. only B. also C. even D. still
【答案】 D
【考点】本题考查副词用法
【解析】根据句意“这个旅馆差不多竣工了，但仍还要一两周才可以接待客人。”选still(仍然，还)。
B组 2008-2011年全国高考题组
1.【2011浙江卷,9】The professor could tell by the ___________look in Maria’s eyes that she didn't understand a single word of his lecture
A. cold B. blank C. innocent D. fresh
【答案】B
【考点】考查形容词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“根据Maria茫然的眼神，这位教授能够看出她对他所讲的内容连一个字也没有听懂。”cold冰冷的;blank空虚的，茫然的;innocent无辜的;fresh新鲜的。根据后面didn't understand，选B。
2.【2011浙江卷,13】I’ve been writing this report____ for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.
A. finally B. immediately C. occasionally D. certainly
【答案】C
【考点】考查副词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“在过去的两周里，我是时续时断地写这个报告，可是这个报告明天就得交了。”finally最终地;immediately立即，马上;occasionally偶尔地;certainly肯定地。根据but it has to be handed in tomorrow句意，选C。
3.【2011浙江卷,16】My schedule is very ______right now, but I’ll try to fit you in.
A. tight B. short C. regular D. flexible
【答案】A
【考点】考查形容词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“现在，我的计划很紧凑，但我会尽力把你安排进去。”tight (安排)紧凑的, 紧密的;short简短的，短缺的, 不够;regular有规律的, 定期的，符合规定的;flexible柔韧的，灵活的，可变通的。
4.【2011四川卷,12】——How are your recent trip to Sichuan?
——I’ve never had one before.
A. a pleasant B. a more pleasant C. a most pleasant D. the most pleasant
【答案】B
【考点】考查比较级的否定用法。
【解析】句意为“——最近你到四川的旅行怎么样?——从来没有这么愉快过。”否定词never与a more pleasant连用，表示“非常愉快”，等于最高级。the most pleasant是特指，需要有比较的范围，但是这个范围并不存在。因此选B。
5.【2011陕西卷,17】The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be the present one。
A.as three times big as B. three times as big as
C. as big as three times D. as big three times as
【答案】B
【考点】考查倍数的表达法。
【解析】句意为“为下一届亚运会而修建的体育馆将会是目前的体育馆三倍大小。”表示倍数的词做修饰语时，放在as的前面，即“倍数 + as + adj + as”， 因此选B。
6.【2011湖北卷,23】The old engineer’s eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was________，though slow.
A. shaky B. heavy C. casual D. steady
【答案】D
【考点】考查形容词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“这位年长的工程师，古铜色的脸上布满皱纹，但目光炯炯。当他走过房间时，步子虽慢但是沉稳。”shaky颤抖的;heavy沉重的;casual漠不关心的，冷淡的;steady稳定的。根据前面的交代，选D。
7.【2011湖北卷,24】An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person’s characters; however, they are not always_________,
A. practical B. avoidable C. permanent D. beneficial
【答案】C
【考点】考查形容词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“不幸的童年可能会对人的性格产生一些消极的影响;然而，这些影响不总是持久的。”practical实际的，实用的;avoidable可避免的;permanent永久的，持久的;beneficial有益的。根据语意，选择C。
8.【2011湖北卷,25】The state-run company is required to make its accounts as_________ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.
A. transparent B. reasonable C. secure D. formal
【答案】A
【考点】考查形容词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“这家国营企业被要求财务尽可能做到透明，以便公司的员工能对金钱的使用加以监督。”transparent透明的;reasonable合理的;secure安全的;formal正式的。根据句意，选A。
9. 【2010浙江卷】I have been convinced that the print media are usually more and more reliable than television.
A. accurate B. ridiculous C. urgent D. shallow
【答案】A
【考点】本题考查形容词辨析。
【解析】分析四个选项的意思：accurate 精确的;ridiculous可笑的, 滑稽的;urgent紧急的;shallow浅的, 肤浅的。根据句意：我确信印刷媒体常常会比电视更准确、更可靠。
10. 【2010浙江卷】Do you think shopping online will take the place of shopping in stores?
A. especially B. frequently C. merely D. finally
【答案】D
【考点】本题考查副词辨析。
【解析〗分析四个选项的意思：especially 特别, 尤其;frequently经常, merely仅仅, finally最终。根据语境：你认为网上购物最终会替代商场购物吗?
11. 【2010浙江卷】Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun. Isn’t it rather risky, ____?
A. though B. also C. either D. too
【答案】A
【考点】本题考查副词辨析。
【解析】根据句意：在冰场上玩耍听起来很有趣。然会不会有危险呢?前后两句之前是明显的转折关系, 所以选择though。
12. 【2010上海卷】It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was journey.
A. three hour B. a three-hours C. a three-hour D. three hours
【答案】C
【考点】此题考查复合形容词
【解析】数词+连字符+名词的用法, 连字符连接的词作名词定语且用单数。意为 “三小时的路程”
三年模拟
A组 2012年全国高考模拟题组
1. (浙江省杭州十四中2011学年高三三月月考 15)The knowledge that I had caused him to lose his job made me bitterly ______.
A. desperate B. innocent C. ashamed D. immoral
2.( 浙江省2012届高三六校联考 7)
---- May I check in now?
---- Sorry, sir! But there’s not any room ______ in our hotel.
A. useful B. convenient C. flexible D. available
3.( 浙江省2012届重点中学协作体高三第二学期3月调研试题 13) It is generally believed that a successful Olympic Games _____ relies on well-performed IT services.
A. largely B. narrowly C. only D. simply
4.(浙江省苍南县灵溪中学2012届高三高考模拟 7)Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise. ________, our minds are developed by learning.
A. Probably B. Likely C. Similarly D. Generally
5.(浙江省苍南县树人中学2012届高三第一次月考试题36)She devoted herself ______ to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field.
A. strongly B. freely
C. entirely D. extremely
6. (浙江省慈溪中学2012届高三10月月考 2)Nowadays, there is a ______ increase in children’s creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.
A. sharp B.slight C.natural D.modest
7.(浙江省慈溪中学2012届高三10月月考16)When we think of communication , we _________ think of using words---- talking face to face, writing messages, and so on .
A. shortly B. probably C. practically D. n ormally
8. (2011学年第二学期奉化二中第一次月考试卷 36) Millions of young people are so ________ about the so-called “Singles Day”
that even websites like Taobao have special sales on November 11.
A. particular B. positive C. enthusiastic D. cautious
9.(嘉兴一中2011学年第二学期摸底考试 3)
--Do you think it's a good idea to make friends with your students?
-- , I do. I think it's a great idea.
A. Especially B. Obviously C. Actually D. Generally
10.(嘉兴一中2011学年第二学期摸底考试6)Our ______resources and stable policy provide foreigners with the advantages they invest here.
A. attractive B. abundant C. available D. authentic
11. (浙江省宁波四中2012届高三上学期期末考试题 5) Lifelong musicians are less _______ to experience age-related hearing problems than non-musicians, according to a new Canadian study.
A. possible B. possibly C. probably D. likely
12. (浙江省宁波四中2012届高三上学期期末考试题 12)China's population of one and a third billion is currently the world's _______. India is second at 1.2 billion.
A. largest B. biggest C. greatest D. most
B组 2010-2011年全国高考模拟题组
1.(杭州市2011年高三第一次高考科目教学质量检测 4)
—I played basketball for a whole morning yesterday and felt pretty good. —You will be healthier if you exercise more . A.regularly B.extremely C.fluently D.annually 2.(宁波效实中学2011年高三模拟考试 15)The shop owner promised me that he would inform me as soon as the product became . A.approachable B.affordable C.available D.accessible 3.(宁波效实中学2011年高三模拟考试 16)The performance started in silence with an empty stage. When the dancer appeared and moved her body to the music, the dialogs and story began. A.accurately B.regularly C.flexibly D.vividly 4. (宁海县正学中学第一次阶段性测试 27)
--Did all of exchange students from Korea go to the Lotus Park yesterday afternoon, James? --No. They ___ ___ went to the Xiazhu Lake instead. A. almost B. mostly C. most D. nearly 5.(浙江省2011年高考名师名校交流卷(九) 4) It is always ______________ when you misunderstand the customs of other countries. A. embarrassing B. specific C. typical D. unique 6.(浙江省2011年高考名师名校交流卷(九)5)What the little boy got from his father was __________magazine. A. a large interesting French B.an interesting French large C. a French large interesting D.an interesting large French
7. (浙江省海盐县元济高级中学2010届高三第一次摸底考试 36)
---Will you be ________ this afternoon, Samuel?
---It depends. I’m afraid I’ll watch NBA.
A. suitable B. accessible C. convenient D. available
8.(嘉兴一中2010级高三上学期英语摸底测验卷 30)She devoted herself to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field .
A.strongly B.extremely C.entirely D.freely
9.(金华十校2008 2009学年第二学期期末考试 24)Defeat is .You lose one or two games and you stop believing you can win.
A.physical B.political C.psychological D.beneficial
10.(温州中学2009学年第一学期第一次月考 6) He did it _________ it took me.
A. one-third a time B. one-third the time
C. the one-third time D. one-third time
高三英语教案：《常见词及短语辨析》教学设计
一名优秀负责的教师就要对每一位学生尽职尽责，教师要准备好教案，这是每个教师都不可缺少的。教案可以让学生们充分体会到学习的快乐，帮助教师更好的完成实现教学目标。教案的内容要写些什么更好呢？小编收集并整理了“高三英语教案：《常见词及短语辨析》教学设计”，供大家参考，希望能帮助到有需要的朋友。
高中英语常见词及短语辨析 ( I )
1 .about; around; round 作副词时都含“四处”、“遍地”的意思。 about 系常用词, 如:
look about四处看。
around 具有 about 的基本意思, 因此 look about=look around, 但在下列短语里 around没有 about正式, 如:
travel around 各处旅行
round 和 around在非正式用法中可以互换, 但一般用 round时更简练。在正式用语中, 一般用 round指“旋转”, 而用 around指“处处”, “到处”, 如:
She turned round at such a noise. 听到这样的吵声, 她回头看。
I have been looking for it all around. 我到处都找过了。
另外, 英国人用 round的地方, 美国人倾向于用 around, 如:
[英] Winter comes round.
[美] Winter comes around.
2 .above all;after all;at all ?
above all意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”，常位于句首或句中，作插入语，起强调作用。如：
But above all tell me quickly what I have to do.可首先快些告诉我该做什么。
A clock must above all keeps good time.时钟最重要的是必须走得准。
after all意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到底”，在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。如：
After all，your birthday is only two weeks away.毕竟，两周后就是你的生日。
He is，after all，a small child.他毕竟还是个小孩子。
He failed after all.他终于失败了。
at all用于否定句时，意为“丝毫;根本”，用于疑问句时意为“究竟;到底”，用于条件句时，常译为“当真;实在”。用于肯定句中，表示说话人的某种情绪或情感(如怀疑或惊奇等)，意为“竟然”等。如：
He doesn’t like you at all.他根本不喜欢你。
Are you going to do it at all?你究竟做不做这件事?
If you do it at all，do it well.若你真要做这件事，就得做好。
I was surprised at his coming at all.他竟然来了，我很惊讶。
?
3. add; add to; add…to; add up to
add作“加，增加”解时，既可作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词;作“又说，补充说”解时，与直接或间接引语连用。如：
If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water. 如果茶太浓了，再加点开水。
After a short while, he added that he would try his best. 过了一会儿，他又接着说他会尽力。
add to意为“增添，增加，增进”。如：
The bad weather added to our difficulties. 恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。
add...to意为“把……加到……”，是把前一项加到后一项之后或之中。如：
Add two to seven, and you will get nine.七加二等于九。
add up to意为“加起来总共是/累计得”，该短语不用于被动语态。如：
All his school education added up to no more than one year. 他的学校教育加起来不过一年。
4 . affair; thing; matter; business
affair意为“事情、事件”, 含义较广，泛指已做或待做的事;复数affairs一般指商业事务及政府的日常事务，如财政管理、外交事务等。
thing意为“事情、事物”，不管大事小事、好事坏事均称为thing，一般不能专指事务;复数things还可作“形势”解。
matter侧重指须留心的要事或问题、难题。
business作“事务、事情”解时，一般不能用复数，常常指所指派的任务、责任;有时说的是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动。
a great deal; a great deal of
a great deal用作名词，意为“大量”，“许多”，作主语、宾语;用作副词，意为“很”或“非常”，作状语，修饰动词或用来强调比较级。如：
A great deal has been studied and this is the best way. 经过大量研究后，这(被认为)是最好的办法。
We are a great deal cleverer than before. 我们比以前聪明多了。
a great deal of意为“大量的”，“非常多的”，相当于much，作定语，后接不可数名词。如：
A great deal of time/money/energy has been spent on the project.
大量的时间/金钱/能源花在那个工程上了。
5. agree on;agree to;agree with;agree that
agree on作“就……取得一致意见”解。例如：
The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.
上月，就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议。
agree to有两层含义和用法：
其一是to作为动词不定式符号，其后跟动词原形，作“同意(答应)做某事”解。
例如： My father agreed to buy a new pen for me. 父亲答应给我买支新钢笔。
其二是to作为介词，之后跟表示“计划/条件/建议等一类的名词或代词”。例如：
They have a greed to our plan. 他们已同意我们的计划。
agree with作“同意某人的意见”解，其后可跟表示人的名词或代词，也可跟表示“意见”或“说的话”的名词或从句。例如：
He agreed with my opinions. 他同意了我的意见。
We agreed with what he said at the meeting. 我们同意他在会上讲的话。
agree that作“认为……”解，其后跟宾语从句。例如：
I agree that your composition is very good. 我认为你的这篇作文写得不错。
6. allow;let 二者均可作“允许”解，但各有侧重： ? allow重在“允许”或“容许”，也可表示客气的请求。例如： He allowed me to take his dictionary.他允许我拿走他的词典。 Will you allow me to use your bike? 我可以用你的自行车吗? ? let作“允许”或“让”解，主要用于口语，一般可与allow互换。作“允许”解时，常暗含“听任”、“默许”之意;作“让”解时，常含“祈使”或“建议”之意。注意：let之后作宾补的不定式不带to，且不可用于被动语态，而allow则相反。例如： Please let me walk with you(=Please allow me to walk with you.).我(请允许我)跟你一起走。注：allow常用于allow sb.to do sth.或allow doing sth.结构中。
7. although; though; as
三者均可表示“尽管;虽然”，引导让步状语从句。although用法较正式，语气较强;though较常用;as则主要用于倒装句。它们的用法有如下几点值得注意：
状语从句由although, though或as引导，主句之前不可有but, and, so, however等并列连词，但可有yet或still等副词。although与though常可互换。例如：
Although/Though he believes it, yet he will not act. 他虽然相信它，但却不肯有所行动。
as表示“尽管;虽然”，只能用于倒装句，即：将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前。though也可这么用。例如：
Young as/though he is, he knows a lot. 他虽然年纪不大，却懂得很多。
注意：如果表语是单数名词，要省略a。例如：
Child as/though he is, he can speak two foreign languages. 虽然他是个孩子，但他会说两门外语。
though可以放在句末，表示“但是”，although却不能。例如：
They said they would come; they did not, though. 他们说他们会来，可是他们并没有来。
although只用来陈述“事实”，不能表示“假设”。因此可以说even though“即使”以及as though“好像(=as if)”，不能说even although或as although。例如：
I believe you are on duty—even though you’re in plain clothes. 尽管你穿着便衣，我相信你是在值勤。
8 . among/between
这两个介词都有“在……之间”的意思。between常用于两者之间;among一般指三者或三者以上之间。若指三个以上人或物中的每两个之间时，仍然要用between。
例如：The girl walked between her father and mother.这个女孩走在她父亲和母亲之间。
She is the tallest among her classmates.她在她同学之间是最高的。
Switzerland lies between France，Italy，Austria and Germany.
瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。
9. argue debate dispute 都含“辩论”的意思。? argue 着重“说理”、“论证”和“企图说服”, 如:
I argued with her for a long time, but she refused to listen to reason.
我和她辩论了好久, 但她还是不听。
debate 着重“双方各述己见”, 内含“交锋”的意思, 如:
We have been debating about the issue. 我们一直在就这个问题进行辩论。
dispute 指“激烈争辩”, 含有“相持不下”或“未得解决”之意,如:
Whether he will be elected as chairman is still disputed.他是否当选为主席, 仍然有争论。
10 argue;quarrel;discuss 这三个动词均有“争”的意思，但“争”法不同。
argue着重就自己的看法或观点，提出论证，同他人“争论”或“辩论”。例如：
We heard them arguing in the other room.我们听见他们在另一个房间里争论。
另外，argue同with搭配，其后接人;与about连用，其后接事物。例如：
We argued with them about this problem for a long time.这个问题我们同他们辩论了很长时间。
quarrel是指对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生的“争吵”或“吵架”。同with搭配，其后接某人;和about连用，其后接某事。例如：
He often quarrels about their housework with his wife.他常为家务事同妻子争吵。
discuss是指认真交换自己的意见或看法的“讨论”。例如：
We'll discuss the use of the articles tomorrow.明天我们将讨论冠词的用法。
11 as (so) far as; as (so) long as
as(so)far as的意思是“就……而言(所知)”，as (so) far as sth.is concerned是其中一种具体用法，意为“就某事而言”;as (so) long as意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句。如：
As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs.
就我所知，一千多万下岗工人已经找到了新的工作。
There is nothing that we can’t do so / as long as we keep on trying to do it.
只要我们不断地努力去做，就没有什么事干不成。
As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go.
就中国的旅游业而言，需要做的工作还很多。
12 asleep/sleeping 二者都是形容词。asleep仅用作表语，不能作定语，表示“睡着，熟睡”的意思;而sleeping一般只能用作定语，放在名词前，表示“睡眠中的，休止的”意思。
如：我们不能说：an asleep baby，但可以说：a sleeping baby(一个熟睡的婴儿)。
再如：He was asleep with his head on his arms.他头枕着手臂在熟睡。
asleeping dog正在熟睡的狗 sleeping car卧车 sleeping bag睡袋
13 assert，affirm，maintain ? assert宣称、断言，常指某人主观自信，坚持己见，有时不顾客观事实而断言下结论。? affirm指以事实为依据，深信不疑地肯定某种观点或看法。? maintain指在相反的证据或论点面前，重申原来的某种观点、立场。
A.Despite all the policeman’s questions the suspect ___ that he had been at home all evening.
B.It is nonsense to ___ that smoking does not damage people’s health.
C.Throughout his prison sentence Dunn has always ___ his innocence.
Answers：A. affirmed B. assert C. maintained
14 as though;even though;though ? as though(=as if)，意为“好像;似乎”，引导方式状语从句或表语从句。如：
He spoke as though(as if)he had been here before.他说话的口气好像他以前来过这里。
It looks as if(as though)it is going to rain.看起来好像要下雨。
even though(=even if)，意为“即使”，引导让步状语从句。though也引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”;even though有退一步设想的意味，与though不同。though引导的句子所说的是事实，even though引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。例如：
He will not tell the secret even though(even if)he knows it.即使他知道这个秘密，他也不肯说出来。
He will not tell the secret though he knows it.他虽然知道这个秘密，但他不会说出来。
15 at the beginning;in the beginning ? at the beginning 在……初;在……开始的时候。常与of连用。例如： Students usually have a study plan at the beginning of term. 学生们在开学初制定学习计划。 ? in the beginning 相当于at first，表示“起初、开始”时，含“起初是这种情况，而后来却不是这种情况”之意，不与of连用。例如： In the beginning，some of us took no interest in physics. 起初我们有些人对物理不感兴趣。
16 attack assail assault charge beset
都含有"攻击"的意思。
attack 是常用词, 指"攻击敌人"或"用言论攻击他人", 如:
Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941. 德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。
assail 指"猛烈连续地攻击", 如:
The enemy plane assailed our defence position. 敌机不断猛烈地攻击我们的阵地。
assault 语气比 assail强, 指"突然猛烈地进攻", 暗示"武力的直接接触" (如肉搏等), 也有"暴力"的意思, 如：The enemy assaulted us at dawn. 敌人在黎明时向我进攻。
charge 指"冲击"或"骑兵的突然攻击", 如:
The cavalry charged to the front. 骑兵猛烈向前线冲击。
beset 指"围攻", 即从各个方向攻击, 如：
In the swamp we were beset by mosquitoes. 在沼泽地里, 我们受到蚊子的围攻。
17 at the age of/by the age of ? at the age of表示“在……岁时”，后面接基数词，强调某一时刻的情况或动作，用于一般过去时，作时间状语。例如：
At the age of six，he began to learn English.他六岁的时候开始学英语。
She learned to play the piano at the age often.她十岁的时候学弹钢琴。
by the age of表示“到……岁的时候”、“在……岁以前”，后面接基数词，强调到某一时刻为止的结果，用于过去完成时或将来完成时，作时间状语。例如：
By the age of sixteen，he had learned to drive a car.到十六岁的时候，他已经学会了开小汽车。
You will have learned more than 2000 English words by the age of fourteen.
到你十四岁的时候，你将学会2000多个英语单词。
18 at the time; at that time; at one time; at a time
at the time通常用于过去时句子中，指某件事情发生的“当时”、“那时”。例如：
Many people saw the strange thing happen at the time. 当时，许多人都看到了这件奇怪的事情的发生。
有时，at the time的后面可接“of...”短语。这时，它表示“在(某事态)发生的时候”或“在……的时代”。例如：
Were you in San Francisco at the time of the big earth quake in 1989﹖
1989年旧金山发生地震时，你在那里吗?
It happened at the time of King Alfred. 事情发生在阿尔弗雷德国王时期。
at that time 则通常指前文明确提到的某个时期、时候。通常其后不带“of...”短语。例如：
In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan.At that time
(=At the 17th century) the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded.
at one time=during a period of time in the past意为“过去有一段时期”，“曾经”。例如：
They used to be good friends at one time. 他们曾经是好朋友。
at a time则意为“一次”，表示一个时间单位。它常与表示数量的词语连用，表示频率。例如：
Don’t speak all at once.One at a time, please. 不要同时一起说。一次只一个人说。
Take the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time. 这些药每天服三次，每次服三粒。
19 at ... speed / with ... speed? at the speed of或者at ... speed，意为“以……的速度”。而当speed被all, lightning, great等修饰时，介词应用with。我们可用一句口诀来帮助记忆：都(all)以闪电般(lightning)大(great)的速度行驶。如：
Our car was running with all speed on the expressway. 我们的车在高速公路上全速行驶。
The Long March No.2 Rocket sent up the satellite into space at the speed of 11.2 kilometers per second. 长征二号火箭以每秒钟11.2公里的速度将卫星发射到太空。
B
20 because/since/as/for?
这四个词都是表示原因或理由的连接词，但是as，because，since是从属连词，引导原因状语从句，for是并列连词，所引导的不是原因状语从句，而是表示理由的对等句子，是对前面所讲内容补充和说明。在语气上由强至弱依次为because→since→as→for。because引导的从句多置于句末，表示直接的原因或理由，表示产生那种结果的必然的因果关系，在回答why的提问时，必须用because作答。
如：We stayed at home because it rained.因为下雨我们呆在家里。
as与since引导的从句多置于句首，不过as表示十分明显的原因，只说明一般的因果关系，可译为“因为、由于”;而since则表示稍加分析、对方已知的原因，一般可译为“既然”。如：
As he was not feeling well，I decided to go there alone.由于他身体欠佳，我决定独自去那里。
Since everyone is here，let's start.既然大家都到了，咱们就开始吧。
for引导的从句一般放在句末，其前用逗号，它所叙述的理由是间接的，即推测性理由，或是对前面叙述的事实或看法的补充说明。如：
There must be nobody in the classroom，for the light is off.
教室里一定没有人，因为灯灭了。(推测性理由)
believe;believe in
believe作及物动词时，其后可跟名词，表示“相信”;后接从句或复合宾语时，表示“认为;料想;相信”等。如：
I believe what he says.我相信他的话。
I believe that he will succeed.我相信他会成功的。
believe in 是一个动介型短语动词，表示“信奉;信仰”(指对某种思想、主张、观念、行动具有信心)和“信任(have trust in)”。如：
They believe in God.他们信仰上帝。
I believe in having plenty of exercise.我相信多锻炼有好处。
believe和believe in后均可接表示人的名词或代词，但含义不同。试比较：
I believe in him(I think he is a frustworthy man).我信任他。
I believe him.(I believe what he says).我相信他的话。
1 belief faith trust confidence 都含有“相信”的意思。
belief 指“承认某事是真的, 尽管有或没有确凿的证据”, 如:
belief in ghosts. 相信有鬼。
faith 指“认为有确凿证据或道理而完全相信”, 如:
I have faith in his ability to succeed. 我相信他有成功的能力。
?trust 指“信赖”、“信任”, 含有“坚定的信念”的意思, 如:
enjoy the trust of the people 得到人民的信任。
confidence 指“在有证据的基础上相信”, 也常指“自信”、“有把握”, 如:
She has great confidence in her success. 她对自己的成功充满信心。
22 besides;except;but ? 三者都可以用作介词。用于肯定句中时，except/but意为“除……外(不再有)”;besides意为“除……外(还有)”。请比较：
All of them have seen the film except/but Wu Dong. 除了吴东外，他们都看过了那部影片。
All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong. 除了吴东看过那部影片外，他们也都看过了。
except后接名词、代词、-ing或不定式时，可以与but互换;except后接副词、介词短语时，一般不能为but所替换。如：
I’ll do everything except/but cook. 除了做饭，我什么事情都干。
This window is never opened except in summer. 除了在夏天，这个窗子从不打开。
用在否定句中，三者可以互换。如：
There aren’t any other people to do the work except/but/besides you.
除了你，没人能做这工作。
23 be anxious to; be anxious for; be anxious about ;be anxious that? be anxious to表示“急于”、“渴望”，其中to是不定式符号，后面接动词原形;
be anxious for表示“渴望”，后面接名词或代词时，强调渴望得到某物或渴望了解某事;后面接sb.to do sth.时，表示“渴望某人能做某事”，其中for sb.to do sth.是不定式复合结构。
be anxious about 表示“对…感到不安”、“为…担心”、“为…忧虑”;? be anxious that表示“渴望”，后面接从句，that从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语气;
[EXERCISES]
①I ____ the result of the examination.
②We ____ know the result of the examination.
③We ____ Mr Liu to help us with our English.
④Mr Li ____ a new car.
⑤They ____ arrive home before dark.
(Key: ①am anxious about/for ②are anxious to ③are anxious for ④is anxious for ⑤are anxious to)
1) The girl ____ a new dictionary. 2) All the students ____ their results of this examination. 3) Everyone _____ know their results of the competition. 4) We ___Mr Zhao to return. 5) We _____ she should do her best.
Key: 1) was/is anxious for 2) are anxious about 3) is anxious to 4)are anxious for
5) are anxious that
be known as; be known for; be known to; be known in
be known as 意为“作为……而著名”，其后的名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。如：
Liu Huan is known as a singer.刘欢作为一个歌手而出名。
We’re sure you’ll be well-known as an artist.我们相信你会成为一位著名的画家。
be known for 意为“因……而著名”，其后所接内容表示某人或物的特点、特长等。如：
Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers.桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。
Mr Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day.
盖尔多夫先生因在同一天组织两场大型的流行音乐会而出名。
be known to “为……所了解/知道”，其后接表示人的词语。“(人们都)知道”，其后接动词原形。如：
He is known to all in our village.村子里的人都了解他。
He was known to have invented many things.=It was known that he had invented many things.
人们都知道他已经发明了很多东西。
be known in 意为“在某地很著名”。如：
He is well-known in the town where he was born. 他在自己出生的那个镇子上很出名。
24 be made of/be made in/be made from/be made by/be made up of ? be made of表示“由……制成”，指从原料到制成品，只发生了形状变化，没有发生本质变化(属物理变化)。 ? be made in当后面接时间的数词或名词时，表示“某物何时制造的或何时产的”。当后面接指地点的名词时，表示“某地产某物”。 ? be made from表示“由……制成”，指从原料到制成品，发生了质的变化，已无法复原(属化学变化)。 ? be made by表示“由……制做”，后面接指人的名词或代词，强调动作的执行者。 ? be made up of表示“由……构成(组成)”，强调主语由两部分或两个以上的部分构成或组成。 【练习】用be made in，be made of，be made from，be made by或be made up of填空。
①This bike Tianjin. ②This table wood.
③The car 1999. ④Paper wood.
⑤The kite my mother. ⑥The team ten members.
【Keys】was made in; is made of ;was made in ;is made from;was made by;is made up of?
高中英语常见词及短语辨析( II )
.be used for/be used as/be used by ? be used for表示“被用作……”或“被用来作……”，后面接名词或v-ing，其中for表示目的。 ? be used as表示“作为……而用”或“用作……”，后面接名词或动词不定式，强调使用的工具及手段。 ? be used by表示“由……使用”，后面接指人的名词或代词，强调使用者。
【练习】用be used for，be used as或be used by填空。 ①A telephone better communication(交流). ②The motorbike Liu Ming. ③A ruler often a knife by him to cut a piece of paper open. 【Keys】is used for;is used by;is,used as
26. be pleased with; be pleased at(或about);be pleased to
1) The manager ___ you before.
2) My boss must ___ see you again in HongKong.
3) I ___ seeing so many students present.
4) I hear Mr Zhao ___ your article.
析： ①was pleased with。表示“对……满意;喜欢……”后面通常接指人的名词或代词。 ②be pleased to。表示“很高兴或很乐意做某事”，其中to是不定式符号，后面接动词原形。 ③am pleased at(或about)。be pleased at(或about)表示“对(看到或听到的)事感到高兴，”后面接指事的名词或v-ing。 ④is pleased at(或about)。解析同③。
27. be to do sth;be about to do sth;be going to do sth.
be to do sth.表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，后可跟时间状语。如：
You're to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.十点钟以前你得交上试卷。
be about to do sth.表示打算或安排即将发生的动作，它通常不与时间状语连用。如：
I was about to go out when someone knocked at the door.我正要出去，这时有人敲门。
be going to do sth.有三层含义：
①表示打算、计划或决定要做某事。如：
We're going to spend our holidays in Wales this year. 今年我们打算到威尔士度假。
②用以表示某事物即将发生或很可能发生。如：
I'm going to be twenty next month. 下个月我就二十岁了。
③有迹象表明即将发生的动作或状态。如：
Look at those black clouds, there is going to be a storm. 瞧那些乌云，暴风雨就要来了。
28 beat; strike; hit? strike通常表示“打一下、打若干下”，不一定都是有意的;还有“打动、使……着迷、某种想法突然闪现在脑海里”的含义;也可指“打、擦出(火)，(蛇、兽)抓，咬，或(钟)敲响”。
hit指“打中”或“对准……来打”，“敲打或打击对方的某一点”。
beat着重“连续地打击”。如：殴打或体罚;也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方;也指“心跳”。
29 blame; scold blame“责备;责怪”，指某人应对自己不好的行为负责(常与for连用)，或将某件不好的事情归咎于他人(常与on或upon连用)，往往含有把自己当作评判人来评判某事，没有用言语来进行责骂的意思。例如：
He blamed Tom for the failure. 他责怪汤姆造成了失败。
Don't blame it on him, but on me. 别怪他，该怪我。
scold“责骂”，指唠唠叨叨地数说某人，多用于上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的“责骂”。例如：
Don't scold the child.It's not his fault. 不要责骂那孩子，这不是他的过失。
I hate to scold, son, but you mustn't stay out so late at night.
我不喜欢斥责，孩子，可你不该呆在外面那么晚不回家。
30 blow down; blow in; blow off; blow over ? blow down表示“吹倒”、“刮倒”;blow in表示“吹进”、“吹入”;blow off表示“吹掉”、“炸掉”、“发泄”;blow over表示“暴风雨 吹散”、“过去”、“结束”。
[EXERCISES]
1) The high winds yesterday _____ thousands of trees. 2) We sometimes had quarrels, but they soon _____. 3) I had my hat ____ by the wind. 4) A lot of dust ____.You must clear it away. Key: 1) blew down 2) blew over 3) blown off 4) has blown in
31 . break up; break down; break out; break into; break in; break away; break through ? break up表示“打碎”、“变坏”、“分解”、“终止”、“破裂”。
break down表示“瓦解”、“分解”、“失败”、“出故障”、“破坏”、“拆毁”。
break out表示“爆发”、“突然发生”。
break into表示“强行进入”、“闯入”、“破门而入”、“打断(谈话、讨论)”、“突然……起来”。
break in表示“闯入”、“打断”、“插嘴”，其中in是副词。
break away表示“脱逃”、“脱离”、“突然离开”、“革除”、“戒除”，常与from连用。
break through表示“战胜”、“突围”、“穿过……而出现”、“突破”。
[练]
①He said his computer _____.
②Those old cars will be ____ for scrap(废铁).
③Last night somebody ____ Mr Brown's house and took away many things.
④A fire ____ after we had gone home.
⑤The boy often ____ while his parents are speaking.
⑥You must ____ from bad habits.
⑦After the heavy rain the sun ____ the clouds.
⑧A thief ____ and stole a lot of things last night.
⑨Tom ____the motor bike which he bought five years ago.
⑩The ice began to ____ on the river.
(Key:①had broken down ②broken up ③broke into ④broke out ⑤breaks in
⑥break away ⑦broke through ⑧broke in ⑨broke down ⑩break up)
bring on;bring in;bring out
bring on 使发生;引起;端上(饭菜)。如：
Tom often brings on meals and his brother，Jim picks up the dishes after meals.
汤姆常常端上饭菜，(而)他弟弟吉姆饭后收拾碗碟。
The sudden cold weather brought on his cold again. 天气突然变冷，使他再次感冒。
bring in 引来;引进;吸收。如：
His new business brings in 1，000 dollars. 他的新生意使他赚了一千美元。
We also brought in some words from English. 我们也从英语中吸收了一些词汇。
bring out 取出;说出;阐明;出版。如：
He brought out his gun and pointed at me.他掏出枪来指着我。
Bring out the meaning more clearly.请把意思讲清楚些。
They have brought out a set of children’s books.他们出版了一套儿童读物。
32 bring down; bring back; bring up; bring in ? bring down表示“使倒下”、“减少”、“降低(价格、温度)”;? bring back表示“使回想起”、“归还”、“带回来”;? bring up表示“呕吐出”、“养育”;? bring in表示“把......引进来”、“赚入”、“获利”、“把......拿进来”、“吸收”。
[EXERCISES]
1) Her singing _____ memories of my mother. 2) They also ____ some words from their own languages. 3) The wind ____ a number of trees. 4) He _____ all he had eaten. 5) Can you try to get them to ____ the price﹖ 6) All library books must be ____ before June 25. 7) Mr White ____ 0 a week. 8) You must manage to _____ the temperature. Key: 1) brings back 2) brought in 3) brought down 4) brought up 5) bring down 6) brought back 7) is bringing in 8) bring down
33 broad; wide? 两者都表示两边或两点之间的距离都有“宽的”之意， 但broad着重某物覆盖面的范围 (如肩、背、胸等的宽)，还可表示“宽宏大量”;wide着重指边沿间相隔的距离以及“广泛”之意。如：
Looking at the new-type camera, the young man with broad shoulders was surprised with his mouth wide open.
看着那个新型相机，那个肩宽背阔的年轻人惊奇得张大了嘴巴。
He’s a broad-minded person; he’ll never be disappointed by such a small failure.
他是个心胸宽广的人;决不会因为那么一次小小的失败而感到失望。
34 but/however? 这两个连词都有“但是，可是，然而”之意。but连接两个分句或有关部分，表示转折或逻辑上的对比关系，使用最广，口语中更为常见。如：
We love peace but we are not afraid of war.我们热爱和平，但我们并不害怕战争。
however转折意味比but弱，连接的两个分句或有关部分的关系较为松弛，后一部分常起附带说明或衬托作用。however常以插入语形式出现在句子中间，前后用逗号隔开，也可置于句首或句末。如：
Later，however，he decided to go.可是后来他决定去了。
35 by oneself;oneself ? by oneself=alone，without help。强调“在无他人或他物的情况下”或“无帮助的情况下”;
oneself作同位语，表示强调本人。
试比较：
If you come to my house，I’ll cook for you myself.
如果你来我家，我将亲自下厨。(强调亲手为你做饭)
Can you cook by yourself now? 你现在能单独做饭了吗?(强调无他人协作)
36 by sea;by the sea ? by sea意为“走海路;坐轮船”，其中by表示乘坐交通工具或行走方式，by与名词间不可用冠词;by the sea意为“在海边”，其中by表示“在……旁边”，by与后面的名词间常有冠词修饰。如：
They will go to America by sea. 他们将坐轮船去美国。
There is a small village by the sea.海边有个小村庄。
请比较下面类似有这样区别的短语：
by ship 乘船 by a ship 在一艘轮船旁边
by land 从陆路 by the land 在岸边(在陆地旁边)
by taxi 乘出租车 by the taxi 在出租车旁边
by road 从陆路 by the road 在路边
C
37 catch sb.doing sth; be (get) caught in sth. ? catch sb.doing sth.作“碰(遇)上某人正在做某事”解。例如：
The policeman caught two men fighting in the street.警察碰见两个人在街上打架。
The man was caught stealing the apples.那人偷苹果时，被当场发现。
? be (get) caught in sth.“遇上……而受阻”之意。例如：
I got caught in the traffic.我因交通堵塞而受阻。
I was caught in a storm on my way to school.我在去学校的路上遇到了暴雨。
38 care about; care for; care; care to ? care about“关心;计较;在乎”，指由于某事重要，或因责任所在而关心计较，一般用于否定句。如： He doesn't care about his clothes.他不讲究衣着。 I don't care about going there.去不去那里，我无所谓。 ? care for“关心;照料;喜欢;愿意”。作“关心;照料”讲，一般用于肯定句或疑问句。如： Who will care for your children when you are away﹖ 你离开期间谁照顾你的孩子? How the Party cares for us! 党是多么关心我们啊! Would you care for a walk? 你愿意去散步吗? He cares more for fine new clothes than for anything else. 他喜爱漂亮的新衣胜于其他的一切。 ? care还可作及物动词，但其后通常接从句。如： I don't care who you are.我不管你是谁。 I don't care what you say.不论你说什么，我都不在乎。 ? care to“愿意，欲望”，后接动词原形。如： I don’t care to go there.我不愿意去那里。
?
39 carry off; carry away; carry out ? 表示“运走”;“掠走”，用carry off或carry away均可。但两者也有不同之处：carry off可表示“夺得”某种奖赏;carry away可表示“吸引住”。如： After destroying the village, the enemy carried off/away all the cattle. 在毁掉村子之后，敌人把牲畜都掠走了。 I carried off the first prize.我获得了头等奖。 We were carried away by her songs.她的歌声令我们浑然忘我。 ? carry out的意思是“搬出(某物)”;“履行(计划或义务等)”。如： Would you please carry out the desk into the garden﹖ 请你把桌子搬到花园里去好吗? You must carry out your duty. 你必须履行你的职责。
40 carry out; carry on? 注意两者的区别：carry out意为“执行、实行”;carry on表示“(继续)进行、进行下去”，强调坚持。如：
The group of soldiers carried out a secret military action the other day.
几天前，这群士兵执行了一次秘密的军事行动。
Comrades in Germany were carrying on a heroic fight against war under conditions of fascism at that time.
那时，在德国的同志正在法西斯的统治区进行一场英勇的反战斗争。
41 cause; reason; excuse ? cause意为“起因”、“原因”，指引起某种结果的必然原因，即主要事实方面的原因，常和effect连用，表示因果关系。如：
I don’t know the cause and effect.我不知道此事的前因后果。
The cause of the fire was carelessness.失火的原因是粗心大意。
? reason意为“理由”、“原因”，指用以解释某些已发生的事情的理由或借口，这种理由可能是也可能不是真正的理由，强调逻辑推理方面的理由。如：
There are many reasons for animals dying out.动物的绝种有许多原因。
Tell us your reason for changing the plan.告诉我们你改变计划的原因。
? excuse指为免受指责和推卸责任而找的“理由”、“原因”也就是我们常说的“借口”。如：
Too much work is no excuse for absence.工作太忙不能成为缺席的理由。
I haven’t done the work well，my excuse is that I have been ill. 我没把工作做好，我的理由是我病了。
42 cheer/greet/welcome? cheer意为“欢呼”，侧重表示高声呼叫以示欢迎，强调气氛的活跃，常含鼓励之意。如： The boys cheered their football team.孩子们为他们的足球队喝彩。? greet表示用语言、行动等“迎接”，常含“友好、热情、亲切”之意。如： We greeted our guests at the gate. 我们在大门口迎接客人。? welcome常表示“欢迎新人、新事、新主张”等。如： We welcome the new ideas. 我们欢迎新思想。
43 clear away, clear up, clear off ? clear away表示“清除掉”、“收拾掉”、“散掉”、“消散”;clear up表示“露出(喜色)”、“(天气)放晴”、“清理”、“整理”;clear off表示“走开”、“离开”。
[EXERCISES]
1) We must ____ such ideas among ourselves. 2) She ____ her desk before she moved to another school. 3) The sky looks as if it would ____ soon. 4) ____ before I call the police. 5) His face ____ when he read the letter. Key: 1) clear away 2) cleared up 3) clear up 4) Clear off 5) cleared up
44 close;closely ? close, closely这两个词都可以用作副词，close表示“靠近”、“紧紧地”，closely则表示“紧密地”、“严密地”、“密切地”。如：
1) I went closer, and saw clearly a tall man in the moonlight.
2) Come close, I want to tell you something important.
3) The policeman followed the strange man closely.
4) The scientists got closely in touch with the astronauts.
45 come up; come on; come out? come up常表示位置“上升”;从水中或 土中“冒出”;芽苗等“长出”;“引起注意、被提出”等。如：
The seeds haven’t come up. 种子还没发芽。
Your question came up at the meeting.你的问题在会上被提出来讨论。
come on 常用来催促别人，意为“加油、加快”，也可表示“来临、袭击”。如：
I can feel a headache coming on.我觉得头痛了。
? come out常表秘密等“传出、被获悉”，书籍等的“出版”;“结果是”。如：
When will her new book come out﹖ 她的新书什么时候出版?
The answer to the math problem came out wrong. 这道数学题的结果错了。
46 complete; finish ? finish是普通用语，用得比较广泛，可作及物动词或不及物动词，多用来指“完成”一项任务或活动，后面可接名词、代词或-ing，不接不定式。例如：
Have you finished your work﹖ 你的工作完成了吗?
He finished writing the letter last night.这封信他是昨晚完成的。
complete一般用作及物动词，用法较正式，通常用来表示完成某个计划、理想、事业、工程、建筑、书籍及作品等，后面可接名词或代词，不接-ing或不定式。例如：
He’s never completed a project on time. 他从未按时完成过计划。
The bridge is not completed yet. 这座桥至今尚未完工。
表示完成学业、精细的工作、吃完某物及在被动结构中表示“一切都完了;没希望了”等意时，均用finish。例如：
He finished school in 1991. 他1991年从学校毕业。
The wood-work is beautifully finished. 这件木器做得很精细。
注意：complete a book的意思是“写完一本书”;finish a book意为“看完一本书”。
47 common ordinary general 都含“普通的”意思。
common强调“常见的”、“ 不足为奇的”，
如：Colds are common in winter.感冒在冬天很常见。
ordinary强调“平常的”、“平淡无奇的”，
如：His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。
? general意为“普遍的”、“一般的”，
如：This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist.
这本书是为一般读者写的， 不是为专家写的。
normal指“正常的”、“正规的”、“常态的”,
如:the normal temperature of the human body 人的正常体温
48 compare…with; compar…to; compared with/to
Compare…with意为“把……与……相比”，侧重指两者间的区别。
如：Compare this car with that one, and you will find the differences between them.
把这辆汽车与那辆汽车相比较，你就会发现它们之间的区别。
compare…to…意为“把……比作……”，着重注意两者间的相似点。如：
This song compares our country to a big family.这首歌把我们的国家比作一个大家庭。
? compare既可以单独用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。用作不及物动词时，以compare with…形式出现，表示“与……相比”。如：
Living here can’t compare with living in Shanghai.在这儿生活不能和在上海(生活)相比。
If you compare the two words， you can tell the difference between them.
如果你比较这两个单词，你就会辨别出它们之间的不同。
? compared with…和compared to…都可用作状语，意义基本相同，可互换。如：
Compared to/with him， you are lucky. 与他相比，你是幸运的。
It was a small town then， compared to/with what it is now. 和现在比起来，那时它还是个小镇。
?
49 cover; interview ? 两者都可用作动词，意为“采访”，cover的宾语是事情;interview的宾语是人。如： Reporters are then sent to cover the events.然后记者们就被派去采访这些事件。 He interviewed five people in the morning.他上午采访了五个人。
50 country; nation; state; land
country意为“国家;国土”，侧重指版图;疆域。如：
China is a great country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的伟大国家。
注意：country含义广泛，适合各种文体，也可代替本组中的任何一个词，有时作“祖国”解，带有感情色彩。如：
After many years abroad， he wanted to return to his country.在国外呆了多年后，他想回到自己的祖国。
Some parts of this country (land) are much warmer than others.该国某些地区的气候较其他地区温暖得多。
nation意为“民族;国家”，侧重指人民;国民;民族。如：
The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news.听到这一噩耗，全国人民悲痛万分。
注意：在国际交往等正式场合，nation语体庄重，比country常用。如：
the United Nations (UN) 联合国 the law of nations 国际公法
a most favored nation 最惠国
Trade between nations is much better than war.国与国之间进行贸易往来比兵戎相见好得多。
? state意为“国家;政府”，侧重指政权;政体。如：
In our country， railways are state-owned. 在我国铁路为国家所有。
land意为“国土;国家”，带有感情色彩，多用于文学作品中。如：
This is my native land.I’ll defend it with my life! 这是我的祖国，我要用自己的生命保卫她!
cross; across; crossing
cross作动词用时，意思是“横过”。如：
They are crossing the river. 他们正在过河。
The idea has just crossed my mind. 这个主意是我刚才想到的。
cross作名词用时，指“十字形的东西”。
across可作介词或副词，意为“横穿，横过”。如：
They pushed the cart across the bridge. 他们推着车过桥。
The post office is across the street.邮局在街道对面。
crossing意为“横穿，交叉，十字路口，人行横道”。如：
They are standing at a crossing.他们正站在十字路口。
