2018中考英语二轮复习第3讲非谓语动词&主谓一致。
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非谓语动词主谓一致
一、非谓语动词
(一)含义:在句子中不作谓语的动词。
(二)分类:
(三)动名词(v-ing)
_________(吸烟)isn’tallowedhere.__________语
Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.__________语
Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.__________语
Stampsareusedforsendingletters.__________语
Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.(=Collectingstampsishishobby.)__________语
Sheisinthereadingroom.__________语
Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.__________语
初中常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语:_________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
wouldlike,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect,finish,enjoy,mind,miss,beworth,bebusy,practice,havefun/trouble/difficulty/problems(in),spend(in),feellike,beusedto(习惯于),consider,feel,hear,listento,lookat,see,watch,notice,let,make,have,get,keep,help,tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourage
(四)动词不定式(todo)
____________________(说英语)isnoteasyforme.__________语
Mydreamistobeateacher.(=Tobeateacherismydream.)__________语
Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?__________语
TheteacheraskedustohandinhomeworkbyFriday.__________语
Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.__________语
Haveyougotanythingtosay?__________语
I’msorrytohearthat.__________语
Iwenttothelibrary____________________(学英语).__________语
Icouldn’tdecidewhichbagtobuyyesterday.__________语
Couldyoupleasetellmehowtogettoschool?__________语
初中常接动词不定式作宾语的动词:___________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
初中常接带to不定式作宾语补足语的动词:____________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
初中常接省to不定式作宾语补足语的动词:____________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
(五)分词(现在分词:v-ing过去分词:v-ed)
Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?__________语
Doyouknowtheboy________________(叫John)inyourclass?__________语
Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.__________语
Givenanotherchance,Iwilldoitbetter.__________语
Theboywastoofrightenedtomove.__________语
Themoviewassoexciting.__________语
Don’tkeepuswaitingforalongtime.__________语
Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.__________语
He’llhavehishaircutafterschool.__________语
初中常接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词:_______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
初中常接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词:_______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
(六)既可以接不定式,又可以接动名词作宾语的动词
差异比较大:stoptodostopdoing
goontodogoondoing
forgettodoforgetdoing
remembertodorememberdoing
trytodotrydoing
regrettodoregretdoing
meantodomeandoing
(七)动名词(v-ing)作定语VS现在分词(v-ing)作定语
动名词作定语表示所修饰词的用途、所属关系等。现在分词作定语,其逻辑主语为其所修饰的词。
areadingroomtwowalkingsticks
asleepingbagapassingball(=aballwhichispassing)
acryingboy(=aboywhoiscrying)asleepingboy(=________________________)
(八)现在分词VS过去分词(了解)
1.在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义;过去分词表示被动意义
thesurprisingnewsasurprisedman
amovingfilmthemovedpeople
2.在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作;过去分词表示已经完成的动作
thedevelopingcountrythedevelopedcountry
therisingsuntherisensun
二、主谓一致(详细内容请参考附录2)
三、倒装句
初中常见的倒装句型:
(一)therebe句型
Thereisaconcerttonight.
(二)there,here,now,then等副词放句首的句子
Therecometherestoftheparty.剩下的人都来了。
Thereisthebell.铃响了。
Herecomesabus.来了一辆公交车。
Nowcomeshisturn.现在轮到他了。
Thencamethedayofherexamination.这时她考试的日子到了。
(三)由so,neither,nor引导的句子
“so/nor/neither+情/助/系+主语”意为:“某人也(不)是(如此)”
—Tomworkshard.
—SodoesLily.(莉莉也是。)
—Tomdoesn’tworkhard.
—NeitherdoesLily/NordoesLily/(Lilyneither).(莉莉也不。)
—Idon’tknow.
—NeitherdoI/NordoI/(Meneither).(我也不知道。)
对比:“so+主语+情/助/系”意为:“是的,的确是这样”
—Tomworkshard.
—Sohedoes.(的确如此。)
一、找出下列句子中的动词,并指出其在句子中的成分
Teachingthemsmallactsofkindness,suchaslettingsomeoneelsegothroughadoor
firstastheyholditopen,mayseemunimportant,butitcangoalongwaytowardhelping
studentsrealizehowtobepoliteandthankothers.
二、单项选择
()1.Don’tthrowawaythewastepaper.Itneeds______sothatitcanbereused.
A.todestroyB.destroyingC.tocollectD.collecting
()2.Thelittleboypretended_______whenhismothercamein.
A.sleepingB.asleepC.toasleepD.tobeasleep
()3.—Whichdressdoyoulikebest,Madam?
—Sorry,Ican’tdecide_______now.
A.tobuywhichoneB.buywhichone
C.whichonetobuyD.whichIshouldbuyit
()4.—Drivingless,walkingmoreisgoodforourhealth.
—SoI’drather_______anhour’swalktoworkthanconsider______acar.
A.take;driveB.take;todriveC.take;drivingD.taking;driving
()5.Everyonemayfeeltime_______veryquicklywhentheydosomethinginteresting.
A.gobyB.togobyC.wentbyD.goesby
()6.—Where’syourbrothernow,Bob?
—Isawhim______inthestreetamomentagoandItoldhim_______.
A.playing;don’tdosoB.playing;nottodoso
C.play;todosoD.play;nottodoso
()7.Theboyisoftenheard______inthemusicroom.Hesingsverywell.
A.practicesingingB.topracticesinging
C.practicedsingingD.topracticingsinging
()8.Therewassomuchnoiseintheroomthatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimself______.
A.heardB.hearingC.hearedD.tohear
()9.—Whydon’tyougoouttoplay,Rose?
—I’mafraidIcan’t.Ihavemuchhomework______.
A.doB.doesC.doingD.todo
()10.Atleast300millionpeopleareusingQQ______byMaHuatengtochatonline.
A.createB.createsC.creatingD.created
()11.Heoftendrinkstwocupsof______waterwhenhecomesback.
A.boilingB.boilC.boiledD.boils
()12.______thehouseonfire,hedialed119.
A.ToseeB.SeeingC.SeeD.Saw
()13.—Doyouclimbmountainseveryday?
—Yes,______alittleexercise.I’msooutofshape.
A.gettingB.getC.gotD.toget
()14.Vocabularyisimportanttolanguagelearning.Therefore,you’dbettertrydifferentwaysyoucanthinkof______wordsandexpressions.
A.rememberB.torememberC.rememberingD.toremembering
()15.Doyouwanttobehealthy?_______.Smilingcanhelpyoustayhealthy.
A.SmileB.SmilingC.TosmileD.Smiled
()16.Whenthestudentswereplayinggamesontheplayground,Jimsuddenlystopped_______andbegantocry,sotheystopped_______whatwaswrongwithhim.
A.toplay;seeingB.playing;tosee
C.playing;seeingD.toplay;tosee
()17.—Howmuch______thepairofshoes?
—Twentydollars______enough.
A.is;isB.is;areC.are;isD.are;are
()18.Idon’tthinkthepoor______poor.
A.arealwaysB.isalwaysC.alwaysbeD.willare
()19.Sixtypercentofthework_______beendone.
A.haveB.isC.hasD.are
()20.Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,_______tohelpinthiswork.
A.sendB.weresentC.aresendingD.wassent
()21.Whattheyneed_______morepeople.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
()22.Neithertheheadmasternortheteachers_______takeavacationnextweek.
A.weregoingtoB.isgoingto
C.wasgoingtoD.aregoingto
()23.—Myroomgetsverycoldatnight.
—_______.
A.SoismineB.SomineisC.SodoesmineD.Sominedoes
()24.—I’mnotgoingswimmingtomorrowafternoon.
—_______.Ihavetocleanupmybedroom.
A.SoamIB.NeitheramIC.NeitherIamD.SoIam
()25.—Youforgotyourpursewhenyouwentout.
—Goodheavens,_______.
A.sodidIB.soIdidC.IdidsoD.Isodid
三、填空题
1.Hepromised______________(see)hisoldfriendduringhisstayinTianjin.
2.Helosthiskey.Itmadehim___________(stay)inthecoldtowaitforhiswife’sreturn.
3.She’snotstrongenough_____________(go)walkingupmountains.
4.Theresultofthetestwasrather________________(disappoint).
5.Theworkerandwriter___________(be)fromBeijing.
一、非谓语动词
(二)分类
动名词构成:v-ing作用:作主语、宾语、表语、定语
动词不定式构成:(to)do作用:作除谓语外的任何成分
分词:现在分词;过去分词
构成:v-ing;v-ed作用:作表语、补语、定语、状语
(三)动名词(v-ing)
Smoking;主语;主语;宾语;宾语;表语;定语;定语
初中常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语:
finish,enjoy,mind,miss,beworth,bebusy,practice,spend…(in),
havefun/trouble/problems(in),feellike,be/getusedto(习惯于),consider…
(四)动词不定式(todo)
TospeakEnglish;主语;表语;宾语;宾语补足语;宾语补足语;后置定语;
(原因)状语;tolearnEnglish;(目的)状语;宾语补足语;宾语补足语
初中常接动词不定式作宾语的动词:
wouldlike,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect,pretend…
初中常接带to不定式作宾语补足语的动词:
(help),tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourage,invite,wish,expect…
初中常接省to不定式作宾语补足语的动词:
(help),let,make,have,feel,hear,listento,observe,see,watch,notice,lookat…
(五)分词(现在分词:v-ing过去分词:v-ed)
后置定语;called/namedJohn;后置定语;状语;状语;表语;表语;宾语补足语;
宾语补足语;宾语补足语
初中常接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词:
keep,hear,listento,lookat,see,watch,notice,feel,find,observe,prevent…
初中常接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词:
get,have,make,keep,leave,want,need,see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think…
(七)动名词(v-ing)作定语VS现在分词(v-ing)作定语
aboywhoissleeping
二、主谓一致(详细内容请参考附录2)
语法一致;意义一致;就近原则
一、本句是一个并列句
前面句子:主语:Teachingthemsmallactsofkindness
谓语:seem
(suchas引导同位语,同位语中含有as引导的时间状语从句。)
后面句子:主语:it
谓语:go
(toward和后面一起作的是定语。)
二、1—5:DDCCA6—10:BBADD11—15:CBDBA
16—20:BAACD21—25:ADCBB
三、26.tosee27.stay28.togo29.disappointing30.is
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2018中考英语二轮复习第2讲动词分类与谓语动词
教案课件是老师上课中很重要的一个课件,大家静下心来写教案课件了。只有规划好了教案课件新的工作计划,这样我们接下来的工作才会更加好!你们会写教案课件的范文吗?急您所急,小编为朋友们了收集和编辑了“2018中考英语二轮复习第2讲动词分类与谓语动词”,相信能对大家有所帮助。
动词分类与谓语动词
一、动词种类
情态动词用法:
没有人称和数的变化;
不能单独作谓语,后面必须接动词原形构成谓语部分;
变否定,情态动词后直接加not;
变疑问,情态动词直接提前。
cancould
表_________HecanspeakEnglish.
Hecouldrideabikewhenhewas7.
Heissoyoungthathecan’tlookafterhimself.
Hecouldn’twritewhenhewasonly2.
IwillbeabletospeakGermanfluentlysomeday.
表_________Canyoupassmesomepaper?
Couldyoupleasetellmewherethebookstoreis?
Youcangonow.
表_________—Whoissinginginthenextroom?IsitLucy?
—Itcan’tbeher.ShehasgonetoNewYork.
maymight
表_________—MayIknowyourname?
—MightIknowyourname?
—Yes,you__________.
—No,you__________.
Youmaygonow.
表__________Shemayknowtheanswer,butI’mnotsure.
—Haveyoudecidedwheretogoforyourweekend?
—Notyet.WemaygotoQingdao.
musthaveto
___________Themovieisboring.Imustgonow.
Driversmustwearthesafetybeltwhendriving.Thisisthetrafficrule.
Mymothercalledme.Ihavetogonow.
—Dad,mustIpracticethepianotoday?
—Yes,you_______.
—No,you______./No,youdon’thaveto.Youmaydoittomorrow.
___________Youmustn’tnipofftheflowers.
Youdon’thavetobeinahurry.
(没必要)
表_________—Whosenotebookisthis?
—ItmustbelongtoTom.Isawheuseditjustnow.
Hemusthaveknownthetruth.
need
___________Youneednotgethereearly.
—NeedIrepeatit?
—Yes,you______./No,you_______.
___________Sheneedsadictionarytohelpherstudy.
Ineedtomakeaphonecall.
Theroomneedscleaning.
情态动词表推测——一肯,一否,三个不一定
—Whosenotebookisthis?
—ItmustbelongtoTom.Isawheuseditjustnow.
—Whoissinginginthenextroom?IsitLucy?
—Itcan’tbeher.ShehasgonetoNewYork.
Shemay/might/couldknowtheanswer,butI’mnotsure.
情态动词+现在完成时
1、表对过去的猜测、可能性
①musthavedone“一定做了…”用于肯定句,语气最强。
Thelightisoff.Hemusthaveslept.
②may/mighthavedone可能做了…,语气弱,可能性小。其否定式意为“可能不…”,如:Hemightnothavebeenin.他可能不在家。might比may可能性更小。
③can(could)nothavedone“不可能做了…”,语气强,can,could也可用于疑问句,表可能性,如:Couldhehaveleft?
2、表示虚拟语气,与过去事实相反,“本来应该”而“没有…”。
①should(oughtto)havedone.本来应该做,而没做到如:
Youshouldhaveaskedhimforhelp.(事实上没求他帮忙)
②couldhavedone本来能够…,如:Hecouldhavepassedtheexam.(结果没通过)
③mighthavedone本来可以…
④needn’thavedone本来没必要…
Youneedn’thavetakenataxi.Itisnotfar.(事实上坐出租车了)
⑤hadbetterhavedonesth.用于事后的建议,含轻微的责备的口吻,意为“当时最好做了某事”。
⑥表示wouldratherhavedonesth.“当时宁愿做了某事”,表示“后悔”的意思。
should,oughtto,could,might,hadbetter,wouldrather也可用于否定句式,意思与上述在肯定句中的意思正好相反。
二、时态
(一)时态分类
(二)各个时态的用法(详细用法请参考附录1)
一般现在时:反复性规律性经常性、客观事实真理、主将从现
一般过去时:过去的动作或状态、过去经常或习惯
一般将来时:将来的动作或状态、计划打算、现进表将来
过去将来时:从过去某一时刻看将来、主过从过(would+v.)
现在进行时:此时此刻、现阶段
过去进行时:过去某一时刻(段)正在进行、过去频繁发生
现在完成时:过去发生影响现在、过去发生持续现在将来
过去完成时:过去的过去
—____thefilmbefore?
—Yes.I___itthedaybeforeyesterday.
A.Haveyouseen;saw
B.Didyousee;haveseen
C.Haveyouseen;haveseen
D.Haveyouseen;wasseeing
(三)易混时态区分:一般过去时VS现在完成时
一般过去时现在完成时
侧重点过去的时态;
侧重表示过去的动作,与现在无关现在的时态;
侧重过去的动作对现在的影响
例句Isawamovielastnight.
强调昨晚上看电影的动作Ihaveseenthemoviebefore.
强调我了解电影内容
时间状语ago,yesterday,last…,in2000,justnow等before,already,yet,sofar,ever,never,just,recently,since,for,lately,still等
(不能与一般过去时的时间状语连用)
—___________(see)thefilmthedaybeforeyesterday?
—Yes,I_____________(see)italready.Itisreallyinteresting.
(四)完成时态中瞬间动词变延续性动词汇总
瞬间动词_______(有/无)现在完成时用法;当瞬间动词用于现在完成时中,并与__________连用时,需要将瞬间动词转换成相应的延续性动词
—Yoursisterlooksveryhappy!
—Yeah,shehasfinallyboughtthedressshewantsmost.
—Wow,yourwatchlooksnice.Isitnew?
—No,I_________(buy)itsince3yearsago.
将下列瞬间动词转换为相应的延续性动词:
close__________come__________go__________
finish__________die__________puton_________
lose__________join__________getup_________
buy__________borrow_________open__________
leave__________fallasleep__________
wakeup__________arrive/reach__________
start/begin__________catchacold__________
三、语态
(一)主动语态和被动语态
主动语态:动作的_________作主语。Iboughtabook.
被动语态:动作的_________作主语。Abookwasboughtbyme.
(二)被动语态用法
1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁
2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者
3.动作的发出者不是人
(三)被动语态基本结构:_________________
(四)各种时态下主动语态、被动语态构成
时态主动语态被动语态
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
一般过去时
过去进行时
过去完成时
过去将来时
一般将来时
1.Thebuildingcan___________(see)fromeverypartofthecity.It_________(build)manyyearsago.
2.YesterdayTom_________(tell)methathisbike________(break)lastweek.
3.Thestudents___________often___________(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.
4.Nowhe__________(be)askedifthemeeting___________(hold)nextFriday.
5.Myteachergavemeanewbookyesterday.
_________________________________________________________________________
6.Sheislookingforherkeysatthemoment.
_________________________________________________________________________
7.IsawsomegirlsplayingtennisontheplaygroundwhenIpassed.
_________________________________________________________________________
8.Intheolddays,theemployermadetheiremployeesworkinthefactoryfrommorningtoevening.
_________________________________________________________________________
(五)主动表被动
1.Thatbookisreally_____________________(值得一读).
2.HarryPotter_______________________(卖得很好).
3.Mybike__________________________(需要修理了).
4.Greatchanges_____________(发生了)inthecountrysideinrecentyears.
一、找出下列句子中的动词,并指出其属于什么动词
1.Heoftendrewpicturesonthefloorwithchalkandwhenhismothersawwhathehaddone,shewouldquicklycleanthemwithamop.
2.LiJun,a17-year-oldgirlfromShenzhenForeignLanguageSchool,stillcan’tbelieveher10-dayfreetrainingcampintheAlpsinSwitzerlandlastmonthwastrue.
3.TheAmericanofficial,theFrench,Japanesewhohadspokenearlierallloweredtheirheadsinshame,anddidnotdaretoanswer.
4.It’sOKifittakesyouawhiletofeelyourselfagainwhenyougotoanewplaceormeetnewpeople.
5.ThedrunkenmanaskedthepoliceiftheyknewwhereMabelwasashewasputintothebackseatofthepolicecar.
二、单项选择
()1.Choosingtherightcircleoffriendswill_______usalotoftroubles,heartachesandpossiblyalifeofdeepregret.
A.saveB.shareC.keepD.bring
()2.Itishelpfulto______agoodhabitofreadinginlanguagelearning.
A.takeB.showC.developD.match
()3.Thecloth______verysoftandcomfortable.
A.smellsB.tastesC.feelsD.sounds
()4.Theplanewill______fromBeijingCapitalAirportandlandinLondon.
A.takeupB.takeoutC.takeawayD.takeoff
()5.—Howdoestheanimalgetfood?
—Itdoesn’tneedtodoanything.Thezookeeperwill_____itwithfoodanddrink.
A.offerB.provideC.divideD.give
()6.—Whereareyougoing?
—I’mgoingtotheairportto______myfriend,Mary.SheisgoingtoLondononholiday.
A.seeoffB.putoffC.takeoffD.sendoff
()7.—Mygrandmaisillinbed.
—Sorrytohearthat.Whynot______adoctor?
A.sendforB.sendupC.sendawayD.sendout
()8.—Doyoumissyoursonwhoisatuniversity,Mrs.Zhang?
—No.Ioften______him,andmaketelephonecallstohim.
A.thinkaboutB.hearfrom
C.lookafterD.learnfrom
()9.—Wemustactnowbecausetimeis______.
—Yes.Let’sstart.
A.comingoutB.givingout
C.puttingoutD.runningout
()10.—Doyoustillhaveaheadache,Bill?
—No,it’s______.I’mallrightnow,Mum.
A.droppedB.ranC.leftD.gone
()11.You_______smokeinthehospital.
A.needn’tB.oughtn’ttoC.oughttonotD.maynot
()12.—Anothercupofcoffee?
—No,thanks.I_____beoff.Maryiswaitingforme.
A.canB.mayC.mustD.might
()13.—MayIwatchTVforawhile?
—No,you_______.Youhavetofinishyourhomeworkfirst.
A.shouldn’tB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.won’t
()14.—Ican’tgiveupsmoking,doctor.
—Foryourhealth,I’mafraidyou________.
A.mayB.canC.havetoD.must
()15.Mr.White_____at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn’tshowup.
A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarrive
C.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving
()11.Whenwintercomes,______springbefarbehind?
A.shouldB.needC.mustD.can
()12.—Willyouanswerthetelephone?It______beyourmother.
—Sorry.I______.I’mverybusy.
A.can;mustn’tB.will;can’tC.may;can’tD.need;will
()13.You______driveyourcarsofast.It’sverydangerous.
A.wouldn’tB.shouldn’tC.couldn’tD.mightn’t
()14.—Shallwemeetatthestationat8a.m.?
—Infactwe______.Thetrain______until10a.m.
A.mustn’t;doesn’tleaveB.mustn’t;leaves
C.needn’t;won’tleaveD.needn’t;willleave
()15.—Areyougoinganywhere?
—I______aboutvisitingmysister,butIhavechangedmymind.
A.thinkB.havethoughtC.willthinkD.thought
()16.—Doesthisbusgotothebeach?
—No.You______thewrongway.YouwanttheNumber11.
A.goB.weregoingC.aregoingD.wouldgo
()17.—IsTomathome?
—No,he______totown.
A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.goesD.willgo
()18.Theofficialsaidthey______anewlawtoprotectthetouriststhenextyear.
A.makesB.wouldmakeC.madeD.havemade
()19.It______usually______atthistimeofyear,buttodayitisrainingheavily.
A.is;rainingB.won’t;rainC.has;rainedD.doesn’t;rain
()20.I______myhometownforalongtime.Ireallymissit!
A.leftB.wentawayfrom
C.haveleftD.havebeenawayfrom
()21.Whenwehurriedtothecinema,thefilm______fortenminutes.
A.hadbeenonB.hadbegun
C.hasbegunD.begun
()22.—Whatlanguage______inthatcountry?
—GermanandEnglish.
A.arespeakingB.arespoken
C.speakD.isspoken
()23.Themobilephonehasinfluencedpeople’slifealotsinceit______.
A.inventsB.wasinventedC.isinventedD.invented
()24.Bambooscan______paper.
A.usedtomakeB.beusedmake
C.beusedtomakeD.beusedtomaking
()25.—Wouldyoumindmysittinghere?
—Sorry,it______already.
A.hastakenB.istakingC.hasbeentakenD.took
动词种类:
主动词,分为系动词(状态系动词、保持系动词、变化系动词、感官系动词)和实义动词(及物动词、不及物动词)
助动词分为助动词(do/does/did/doing/done,is/are/am/was/were/being/been,have/has/had/having/had,will/would/shall/should)和情态动词(will/would/shall/should,can/could/may/might,need/must/haveto/hadbetter/oughtto…)
表能力
表请求许可
表猜测
表请求许可can/may;can’t/maynot/mustn’t
表猜测(可能性)
必须(主客观)must;needn’t
禁止(否定)
表肯定猜测(一定)
需要情态动词must;needn’t
需要实义动词
时态分类:
按时间分:过去、现在、将来
过去:一般过去(v-ed)、过去进行(was/weredoing)、过去将来(would+v.)、过去完成(had+done)
现在:一般现在(v.)、现在进行(am/is/are+doing)、现在完成(have/has+done)
将来:一般将来(will+v./begoingto+v.)
A
Didyousee
haveseen
有
时间段
havehad
beclosedbeherebetherebeoverbedeadwearbelostbein/beamemberofbeuphavekeepbeopenbeaway(from)beasleepbeawakebe(in/at)beonhaveacold
发出者承受者
bedone
(四)各种时态下的主动语态和被动语态构成
v.(v.-s)am/is/are+done
am/is/are+doingam/is/arebeingdone
have/has+donehave/hasbeendone
v-edwas/weredone
was/weredoingwas/werebeingdone
had+donehadbeendone
would+v.wouldbedone
will+v.willbedone
beseen,wasbuilt;told,broke;are,told;is,willbeheld;
Iwasgivenanewbookbymyteacheryesterday./Anewbookwasgiventomebymyteacheryesterday.
Herkeysarebeinglookedforbyheratthemoment.
SomegirlswereseenplayingtennisontheplaygroundbymewhenIpassed.
Intheolddays,theemployeesweremadetoworkbytheemployerinthefactoryfrommorningtoevening.
(五)主动表被动
worthreading;sellswell;needsrepairing/toberepaired;havetakenplace
二、单项选择
1-5:ACCDB6-10:AABDD11-15:BCCCA
16-20:DCBCD21-25:CBBDD26-30:ADBCC
2015中考英语复习主谓一致考点跟踪
教案课件是老师上课中很重要的一个课件,大家正在计划自己的教案课件了。各行各业都在开始准备新的教案课件工作计划了,未来工作才会更有干劲!你们知道多少范文适合教案课件?以下是小编为大家精心整理的“2015中考英语复习主谓一致考点跟踪”,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
第32讲 主谓一致
1.—Davidhasbeenawayformorethan25days.
—Imisshimverymuch.Youknow,25days__B__short.(2014,黔南)
A.isB.isntC.areD.arent
2.Thesummerholidaysarecoming,sothetwinsaswellasJack__B__toHongKongforvacation.(2014,黄石)
A.isgoingB.aregoingC.goesD.go
3.Alotofforeigners__C__familiarwiththefamousplacesofinterestinChina.(2013,上海)
A.amB.isC.areD.be
4.Howtimeflies!Wellgraduate.Threeyears__C__reallyashorttime.(2013,遵义)
A.wasB.areC.is
5.There__B__manytreesinfrontofmyhousenow.(2013,北京)
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
近五年来,安徽中考对主谓一致考查很少,几乎没有。但其作为初中语法知识的一个重点,我们仍需了解和掌握,以防2015年中考试题中会出现。
对主谓一致的考查主要包括以下三点:
1.学科名词作主语;表示时间、长度、价格、质量等短语作主语;the+姓氏名词复数作主语;一些以s结尾的不可数名词作主语,如news,maths;不定代词+名词作主语,如bothof,neither等。
2.主语后带有with,except,like,aswellas等介词短语。
3.就近原则,如therebe句型,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等。
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。因此,找出句子的真正主语是关键。同时,要遵循三个原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
高频考向一 语法一致原则
语法一致即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词就用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词就用复数形式。
①当and连接两个或多个名词,或both...and...连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
TomandMikearegoodfriends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。
BothLucyandLilyarestudents.露西和莉莉都是学生。
②不定代词either,neither,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,noone,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Isthereanythingwrongwithyourbike?你的自行车有什么毛病吗?
Everyoneisreadyforthesportsmeeting.大家都在为运动会做准备。
③由each,each...andeach...,every...andevery...,every...作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Eachboyandeachgirlwasgivenanewbook.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都被给了一本新书。
④主语后有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,nolessthan,morethan,including,besides,like,except,but等词或短语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。如:
Mr.GreenwithhiswifeandtwodaughtersiscomingtoBeijing.格林先生将和他的妻子及两个女儿一块儿来北京。
⑤“anumberof+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“thenumberof+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Anumberoftreesarecutdown.许多树木被砍倒了。
Thenumberofstudentsinourclassis32.我们班学生人数为32。
⑥“alotof(lotsof,plentyof,apileof,pilesof,mostof)+名词”和“分数或百分数+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词,如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:
Lotsofpeoplehavebeenthere.很多人去过那儿。
⑦由“apair(akind,aseries...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs(kinds...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
Apairofsunglassesislyingonthetable.一副太阳镜放在桌子上。
Fifteenpairsofshoesaremadeeachday.每天能制作15双鞋。
⑧某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes,trousers,shorts,pants,shoes,gloves...)作主语时,谓词动词用复数形式。如:
Myshoeswerewornout.我的鞋子穿坏了。
⑨不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Readingislearning.读书就是学习。
Wemakeitarulethateachofus______hebedroomonedayaweek.
A.hascleanedB.havecleaned
C.cleansD.clean
解析:“each每一个”强调个体,故用第三人称单数;“onedayaweek一周一天”则表明指频度,应用一般现在时。
答案:__C__
______hatpairof______alittlecheaper?(2014,齐齐哈尔)
A.Is;glassB.Are;glass
C.Is;glassesD.Are;glasses
解析:apairof后应接复数名词,其作主语时,谓语动词应用单数形式。
答案:__C__
Thenumberofbooksinthebookshopisabout10,000andanumberofthem______aboutscience.
A.isB.wasC.areD.were
解析:由前半句中谓语动词is可推断出后半句中谓语动词也应用一般现在时;短语anumberof作主语时,谓语动词应用复数。
答案:__C__
高频考向二 意义一致原则
意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。
①由and连接的两个名词,如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Theteacherandwriteriscomingtogiveusareportnextweek.那位老师兼作家下周要来给我们作报告。
Thesingeranddancerhasbeeninvitedtotheparty.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了聚会。
②表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词及词组作主语时,一般被看做一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式。如:
Threeyearsisalongtime.三年是一段很长的时间。
③集体名词(如family,team,crowd,company,class,group,government...)如果表示整体概念,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:
Myfamilyisasmallonewiththreepeople.我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。
④people,police,cattle等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
Thepolicearehelpingagirlfindhermother.警察正在帮助一个女孩找妈妈。
⑤算式中,表示加法和乘法时谓语动词可用单数形式,也可用复数形式,但表示减法和除法时谓语动词必须用单数形式。如:
Whatis/arethreetimesthree?3乘以3是多少?
—Howmuch______hepairofshoes?
—Twentydollars______enough.
A.is;isB.is;areC.are;isD.are;are
解析:thepairofshoes的中心词是pair,则谓语动词用单数;把twentydollars看成整体,则谓语动词也用单数。
答案:__A__
高频考向三 就近原则
有时谓语动词的形式与最靠近它的名词保持一致,这种原则叫做就近原则,又叫做邻近原则。
①由either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...but(also)...,not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如:
NotonlymyparentsbutalsoIamlookingforwardtomeetingmyuncle.不但我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。
NotonlyJimbutalsohisparentswanttoliveinChina.不仅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中国。
Heoryouhavetakenmypen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。
②Therebe...和Herebe...这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。如:
Thereisanappleandtwobananasonthetable.桌子上有一个苹果和两根香蕉。
There______lotsofpeopleattherestaurantwhenIgotthere.
A.isB.wasC.areD.were
解析:people是复数名词,则therebe句型中谓语动词用复数,排除A和B;下文got为过去式,故主句也要用过去时。
答案:__D__
______Lily______Lucyisgoingwithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathome.
A.Notonly;butalsoB.Neither;nor
C.Both;andD.Either;or
解析:根据主谓一致原则可排除A项;由下文“他们中的一个必须待在家里”,可知“或者露西或者莉莉与你一起去”。
答案:__D__
There______someflowersontheteachersdeskjustnow,butnowthere______nothingonit.
A.have;hasB.were;has
C.were;isD.has;has
解析:第一空应根据someflowers来确定谓语动词应用复数,justnow表明是过去时;第二空根据nothing来判断谓语动词应用单数,now表明一般现在时。
答案:__C__
一、单项选择。
1.Thispairofpants______mine.Yoursmay__A__onthebed.(2014,绥化)
A.is;beB.are;beC.are;are
2.There__A__somemilkandtwoeggsonthetable.(2014,永州)
A.isB.areC.has
3.—Doyouneedmoretimetocompletethetask?
—Yes.Anothertendays__A__enough.(2014,广东)
A.isB.wasC.areD.were
4.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn__D__therewhenthemeetingbegan.(2013,威海)
A.areB.isC.wereD.was
5.—Maths______myfavouritesubject,whataboutyou?(2013,广安)
—Physics__A__.Ithinkitsveryinteresting.
A.is;isB.are;areC.are;is
6.Inourschoollibrarythere______anumberofbooksonscience,andintheseyearsthenumberofthem__A__growinglargerandlarger.(2013,安顺)
A.are;isB.is;areC.have;areD.has;is
7.Noone__B__swimminginsuchbadweather.
A.likeB.likesC.likingD.liked
8.Diana,togetherwithherfriends,__C__ChineseinChina.
A.studyB.havestudied
C.studiesD.arestudying
9.—BothLiLeiandHanMeimei__D__fondoftheTVprogramAbiteofChina(《舌尖上的中国》).
—Iamalsodeeplymovedbyitsstories.
A.isB.amC.wasD.are
10.—Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithmetonight?
—Idloveto,but__C__ofustwohastickets.Doyouhavesome?
A.bothB.allC.neitherD.none
二、词汇运用。
11.EitherTomorshe__is__(be)goingtothepartynextweek.Oneofthemmuststayathome.
12.Theactoranddirector__is__(be)comingtogiveusaspeechnextweekend.(2013,兰州)
13.WhenIgotthere,theyeach__were_reading__(read)abook.
14.Neitherofus__likes__(like)thestorybook.
15.Thispairoftrousers__was_made__(make)bymyauntlastyear.
16.Afootballteamoften__has__(have)elevenplayers.
17.Noonebutmyparents__knows/knew__(know)thetruth.
18.Jimsfamily__enjoy__(enjoy)watchingTVaftersupper.
19.Look!Theclass__are_doing__(do)morningexercisesontheplayground.
20.Twentyyears__has__(have)passedsincehelefthishometown.
2017年中考英语二轮语法主谓一致专题复习材料
中考考点十一:主谓一致
一.就近原则出现几个主语时,谓语动词的人称单复数须和最近的主语保持一致。
二.意义一致原则主语形式是单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词根据意义要用复数;反之主语形式为复数,但意义为单数,谓语动词也用单数。如表示一笔钱,一段时间,一定重量时,这些单位虽是复数形式,但谓语动词是单数形式。
三.语法一致一个句子的主语是单数时,谓语动词也应是单数形式,主语是复数,谓语动词也用复数形式。
细则如下:
1.由并列结构或连词(either…or,neither…nor,not…but,notonly…butalso,or等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与较近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
NeitherhisparentsnorTom_____(be)athome.
2.在倒装句和therebe句型中,谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。
There_____(be)abookandsomepensonthedesk.
There______(come)thebus.
3.在定语从句中,关系代词作主语,其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。
Iknowthemanwho_____(be)talkingtomyfather.
4.在强调句中,连接代词又在句中作主语,这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。
ItisMary’sbrotherwho_____(be)injuredinthecaraccidentyesterday.
5.从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词用单数。
Whentoleave_____(be)notbeendecided.
WatchingTVtoomuch_____(be)badforyoureyes.
Whentoleave_____(be)notbeendecided.
WatchingTVtoomuch_____(be)badforyoureyes.
注:如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句,谓语动词常用复数。
Whathesaidandwhathedid_____(be)alwaysdifferentlastnight.
由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
WhatIwanttosay_____(be)just“Takecare!”.
6.“…+(of)+名词”作主语时,若“of”后的名词为单数(不可数名词),则谓语动词用单数,如果名词为复数,则谓语动词用复数,
如:halfof,someof,anyof,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,aquarterof,athirdof,30%of。
Mostofthewaterhere______(be)clean.
80%cotton______have)beensenttoAmerica.80%
Halfoftheapples______(be)red.
7.词组“anumberof”作主语时,谓语动词应用复数;“thenumberof”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Anumberofancientbuildings_____(be)destroyedinthewar.
Thenumberofthevisitors_____(have)decreasedthisyear.
5.英语的集体名词(family,public,group,team,class等词),指代“整体”时为单数;指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。
Myfamily____(be)verypoorwhenIwasalittlegirl
Myfamily______(be)alllookingforwardforyourcoming.
8.every+….andevery+…..或each+…andeach+…作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Everymanandeverywoman_____(be)busyatworking.
9.英语句中的each,either,neither等词,作代词充当主语,修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Neitherofus_____(have)beenabroad.Neitheranswer_____(be)wrong.
10.由some,anyevery,no构成的复合词(somebody,nobody,everything,anything等)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Somebody______(be)waitingforyouattheschoolgate.
11.成双成对出现的复数名词(glasses,shoes,trousers,pants,gloves等)作主语时,通常谓语动词用复数,但前面有a/thepairof;a/thesuitof等词语时,则谓语动词要与量词(pair,suit,piece)在单复数上保持一致。
Apairofscissors_______(be)usefultoolforadressmaker.
Twopiecesofpaper______(be)onthedesk.
12.以复数形式出现,却表示单数意义(maths,physics,news…)谓语用单数。
Maths_____(be)myfavoritesubject.
13.“the+形容词(old/young/rich/poor)”表示“一类人”,作主语时,谓语用复数。
Theyoung______(like)listeningtopopularsongs.
14.“the+姓氏的复数”表示“某某夫妇,某某一家人”,作主语时,谓语用复数。
TheGreens_______(be)havinglunchnow.
15.当主语与谓语动词之间插入alongwith,with,aswellas,togetherwith,besides,except,but,including等短语时,谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。
Ialongwithmysister_____(be)goingtoShanghainextmonth.
16.表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,通常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数。
10minutesisenough.
17.加减乘除等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。
2and3______5.
18.“the+姓氏名词的复数”表示“一家人、….夫妇”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
TheBlacks______(enjoy)workinginChina.
19由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但and所连接的并列主语是同
一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下:a/the+单数名词+and+单
数名词,指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物。
Thewriterandteachercoming.那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)
Thewriterandtheteachercoming.作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!
()1There______beafashionshowinourtowntomorrow.
A.aregoingtoB.willhaveC.hasD.isgoingto
()2Doingexercise____goodforyourhealth.
A.beB.amC.isD.are
()3NeitherhenorI__________fromCanada.WearefromAustralia.
A.isB.areC.amD.be
()3.Anumberoftourists________Yangzhoumanytimesbecauseitissuchabeautifulcity.
A.havebeentoB.hasbeentoC.hasgonetoD.havegoneto
()4NowthenumberofChinesepeople_____workingAfricamorethanonemillion.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
()5.NotonlymyfriendsbutalsoI_______interestedinfootballandMessiisourfavoritestar.
A.beB.amC.isD.are
()6.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn____therewhenthemeetingbegan.
A.areB.isC.wereD.was
()7.NeitherKatenorhercousins______toAmerica,but______ofthemhaveknownthecountryverywell.
A.havebeen;allB.havegone;bothC.hasbeen;all
()8There_____adictionaryandtwopensonthedesk.
A.amB.isC.are
()9.—Maths____myfavouritesubject,whataboutyou?—Physics_____.Ithinkitsveryinteresting.
A.is:isB.are;areC.are;is
()10.Inourschoollibrarythere_____anumberofbooksonscience,andintheseyearsthenumberofthem_____growinglargerandlarger.
A.are;isB.is;areC.have;areD.has;is
()11NeithermysisternorI_____beentoAmericabefore.
A.haveeverB.haveneverC.haseverD.hasnever.
()12Neitherofthebooks____interesting.Iwon’tbuyofthem_____..
A.is;eitherB.are;neitherC.is;any
()13There___stillsomeapplejuiceinthefridge.It’snotnecessaryforustogotothesupermarketnow.
A.wasB.wereC.isD.are
()14Howtimeflies!Wellgraduate.Threeyearsreally____shorttime.
A.wasB.areC.is
()15.Doyouthinkthere_____robotsinPeople’shomesinthefuture?
A.willbeB.willisC.bewill
()16There______somemilk,twoapplesandabottleofjuiceinthefridge.
A.isB.areC.have
()17NobodyexceptTomandMary_______intheclassroom.The
studentsarewatchingthebasketballgameontheplaygroundnow.
A.amB.isC.are
()18—Icalledyouat5:00yesterdayafternoon,butnooneanswered.
—Sorry,Iwithmyparents_______atthattime.
A.wasshoppingB.wereshoppingC.areshoppingD.wentshopping