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发表时间:2021-04-30

2012年中考英语考点知识复习:动词主谓一致。

做好教案课件是老师上好课的前提,大家在用心的考虑自己的教案课件。在写好了教案课件计划后,才能更好的在接下来的工作轻装上阵!那么到底适合教案课件的范文有哪些?下面是小编帮大家编辑的《2012年中考英语考点知识复习:动词主谓一致》,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。

有关动词的重点:只有动词才能作谓语。动词分为行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词等。

(一)联系动词:be,become(成为),turn(变颜色),grow(变天气),look,smell,taste,

sound(good√,well×),seem,feel。

(二)有关use的词组:①usedtodo过去常常作,beusedtodoing习惯于。

1.---MyauntgoestoclimbmountGueverySunday.

---Oh!Butshe________hateclimbingmountain.

A.usedtoB.usetoC.usestoD.isusedto

2.Lileiisusedtogettingearly.

注意:usedtodo的否定式为usednottodo或didn’tuseto

疑问式为:Didsbuseto?或usedsb…?

②人+usesthfordoing=人+usesthtodo用某物做…

其被动形式为:物+beusedtodo=物+beusedfordoing

Peopleusestoneforbuildinghouses=Peopleusestonetobuildhouses.

Stoneisusedforbuildinghouses=Stoneisusedtobuildhouses.

(三)can’t表示“不可能”即否定性推测。mustn’t禁止、不可能;

must“一定”表示肯定性推测;must引起的问句,其否定回答为needn’t.

1.Theman_______beLiLei.

LiLeihasgonetoBeijing.

A.can’tB.mustn’tC.maynotD.needn’t

2.Alotofcarsarecomingandgoing.You_______goacrossthestreet.

A.needn’tB.maynotC.mustn’tD.must

3.MustIreturnthebooktomorrowmorning?No,you_______.You_______keepitforthreedays.

A.mustn’t,mayB.mustn’t,mustC.needn’t,canD.needn’t,may

4.---Look!Themanatthegate_______beourheadmaster.Heisalwaysstandingthereevery

morning.---No,itbehim.Heisholdingameetingintheofficenow.

A.must,can’tB.must,mustn’tC.can,can’tD.can,mustn’t

(四)及物动词与介词搭配:give,show,pass,lend+物+to+sb=give(…)sbsth

make,sing,buy+物+for+sb=make(sing,buy)sbsth

(五)及物动词+副词结构,构成的动词短语的宾语是人称代词时,把代词放中间

get(it)back,put(it)on,take(it)off,turn(it)on,pick(it)up,try(it)on,

look(it)up,wake(me)up,put(it)up.

1.Smokingisbadforyourhealth.You’dbetter_______.

A.giveupitB.giveitupC.takeoutitD.takeitout

基础知识:情态动词

(一)can:①表能力“能,会”;②表推测“可能”;③表允许“可以”。

1.---youpassmeapen?I’dliketowritedownthephonenumber.---Sure,Hereitis.

A.CanB.NeedC.MightD.Must

(二)could:can的过去式,表过去的能力。但could本身也可作情态动词,表委婉请求。

(三)may:①允许“可以”;②表推测“可能”。

1.IswimwhenIwastenyearsold.

2.Johngotherewithastonight,butheisnotverysureaboutit.

A.mustB.canC.willD.may

(四)must:①主观看法“必须”;②推测“一定”。

(五)need:①情态动词:need+动原②实义动词:needtodo③needdoing=needtobedone

1.Youworryaboutme.It’snothingserious.

A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.won’t

(六)情态动词的被动态:情态动词+be+过分

(七)maybe和maybe①maybe用于句首,可能;②maybe可能是

1.Ifyoueatbadfood,youill.A.maybeB.can’tbeC.mustD.maybe

练习

1.---Mayweplayfootballinthestreet?---No,you.It’sdangerous.

A.canB.mustn’tC.mayD.maynot

2.ThemanintheofficebeMr.Blackbecausehewenthomejustnow.

A.mustn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.needn’t

3.Theoldmanwasquiteweakaftertheaccident.Sohe.

A.mustbetakecareofB.musttakecareofC.mustbelookedafter

4.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbishintotheriver.

A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow

5.---Hurryup,please!---It’squiteearly,youworryaboutthetime.

A.mustn’tB.maynotC.needn’tD.can’t

6.---There’ssomebodyatthedoor.Whoitbe?

---No,itbehim.It’sjustseveno’clock.It’stooearly.

A.may,can’tB.will,won’tC.may,mustn’t

7.---Excuseme,couldIborrowsomemoneyfromyou?---Ofcourseyou.

A.couldB.canC.mustD.need

8.Theflowereveryday,orthey’lldie.

A.mustwaterB.canbewateredC.shouldwaterD.mustbewatered

9.---WhatdidyourPEteachersayaboutyourhighjumpatthesportsmeeting.

---HesaidthatIbetter.A.candoB.amC.willdoD.coulddo

10.---Where’sLucy?---I’mnotsure.Sheinthelibrary.

A.maybeB.mustC.maybeD.willbe

主谓一致即谓语动词的数与主语的单复数一致:

(一)One,everyone,eachone,anyone,each,either,nineof+复数+单谓。

Everyoneofthestudentsisstudyinghard.Neitherofthegirlsisabletoanswerit.

1.Neitherofthetwobrotherswiththeirparents.

A.liveB.arelivingC.liketoliveD.lives

2.oftheboysinClass4isplayinggames.

A.AllB.EachC.Theboth

(二)不定式、动名词作主语时,谓语用单数

Toteachistolearn.Playingwithfireisdangerous.

1.PalyingbaseballDale’sfavouritesport.

A.isB.areC.were

(三)主语后跟含有with.except.together.with.aswellas等短语时,单复数应根据主语而定,而不受这些短语的影响。

1.EveryoneexceptTomandJohntherewhenthemeetingbegan.

A.areB.isC.wereD.was

(四)主语为people.Police.cattle(家禽)poultry(家畜)等时,谓语用复数。

Thepolicearelookingforthemissingchild.Mostpeoplethinkso.

(五)主语为复数而意义为单数,谓语用单数:

①news,works(作品,工作),physics,politic政治,mathematics数学,谓语用单数;

②trousers,Shoes,glasses为主语时,谓语用复数,当前面有apairof修饰时,谓语动词用单数。

1.Ithinkphysics________maths.

A.issousefulasB.aremoreusefulas

C.areasusefulasD.ismuchmoreusefulthan

(六)表示时间、长度、价格、质量等短语做主语时,即使其中的名词为复数名词,谓语动词也应用单数形式:

Threeyearshasalreadypassedquickly.

Fiftyyuanisenough.

(七)由every,some,any,no构成的复合不定式代词做主语时,谓语用单数。

1.Everygirl________toattendtheEnglishParty.

A.wishB.wishesC.islikeD.like

(八)就近原则:由either…or,Neither…nor,notonly…butalso连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。

1.Notonlystudentsbutalsotheirteacher________theplan.

A.objectB.objectsC.isobjectD.isobjected

Therebe句型中连接并列的主谓时,谓语用就近原则。

Thereisagirlandfourboysintheroom.

2.TheresomeChineseandthreeAmericansinthetravellingteam.

A.areB.isC.hasD.have

(九)so,neither倒装句:sodoI句型(即so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语),表示“两种情况相同”。注意:时态和数要一致。

SoIdo陈述语序,表示“的确如此”。

Neither/Nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语,表示“两种情况都不”

1.---Tomboughtacomputeryesterday.---Soshe.(sohe)

2.---Theboydidn’tgotothePark.---Neither(nor)I.

(十)由and连接两个不同的单数名词或代词作主语时,表示不同概念时,谓语动词用复数;而表示同一概念时,谓语动词用单数。

JackandTomlookheathyandstrong.

Thepoetandmusicianvisitsourschooltoday.

(十一)the+姓氏s表示“一家人”,谓语动词用复数。

TheBlacksenjoyworkinginChina.

(十二)anumberof+名复+复谓表示“很多”;

thenumberof+名复+单谓表示“…的数目”。

Thenumberofpeopleinvitedmorethan200,andanumberofthembeenherenow.

A.were,hasB.were,haveC.was,hasD.was,have

练习

1.NeitherWeiHuanorAnn________ontheteam.

A.isB.areC.goesD.go

2.“Ithinkneitherthisshirtnorthatone________good”,hesaid.

A.areB.isC.wereD.was

3.ThisisMissGao.She________yournewteacher.

A.beB.amC.isD.are

4.Hisparents________comingtomeettheteachertonight.

A.areB.wereC.is

5.Howmuchmilk________inthebottle?

A.hasB.arethereC.isthere

6.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn________therewhenthemeetingbegan.

A.isB.wasC.areD.were

7.________Lily________Lucymaygowithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathome.A.Notonly;butalso

B.Neither;nor

C.Both;and

D.Either;or

8.________thepopulationofChina?

A.Howmuchis

B.Howmanyare

C.Whatis

D.Whatnumberis

9.Jennyandherparents________goingtovisitthePalaceMuseumtomorrowA.isB.amC.areD.be

10.Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher________intheclassroomthemoment.

A.wereB.wasC.werentD.wasnt

11.—Howmanystudentsarethereinyourschool?

—________thestudentsinourschool________overtwothousand.

A.Thenumberof;is 

B.Thenumberof;are

C.Anumberof;is

D.Anumberof;are

12.—Arethetwinsonthefootballteam?

—No,neitherofthem________ontheteam.

A.isB.areC.wereD.be

13.EitherBoborPeter________watchingthe17thWorldCupnow.

A.isB.areC.amD.be

英语主谓一致考查题例答案与详解

1.A。neither...nor...连接两个并列主语时,应根据“就近一致”的原则,谓语动词的数与nor后面的词语相一致。

2.B。同上。

3.C。主语为单数第三人称。

4.A。一般现在时,主语为复数。

5.C。主语是不可数名词,动词用单数第三人称形式。

6.B。主语是everyone,且为一般过去时。

7.D。根据句子的意思是“两者之一”故选D。

8.C。某地区和国家的人口是单数第三人称,表示一事物。

9.C。主语为复数。

10.B。neither…nor采取就近原则,故用单数,且用肯定式。

11.A。表示“……的数量”应用thenumberof,谓语动词用单数第三人称形式;而anumberof表示“许多,大量的”。

12.A。同1题。

13.A。采用就近原则。

相关阅读

2015中考英语复习主谓一致考点跟踪


教案课件是老师上课中很重要的一个课件,大家正在计划自己的教案课件了。各行各业都在开始准备新的教案课件工作计划了,未来工作才会更有干劲!你们知道多少范文适合教案课件?以下是小编为大家精心整理的“2015中考英语复习主谓一致考点跟踪”,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。

第32讲 主谓一致

1.—Davidhasbeenawayformorethan25days.

—Imisshimverymuch.Youknow,25days__B__short.(2014,黔南)

A.isB.isntC.areD.arent

2.Thesummerholidaysarecoming,sothetwinsaswellasJack__B__toHongKongforvacation.(2014,黄石)

A.isgoingB.aregoingC.goesD.go

3.Alotofforeigners__C__familiarwiththefamousplacesofinterestinChina.(2013,上海)

A.amB.isC.areD.be

4.Howtimeflies!Wellgraduate.Threeyears__C__reallyashorttime.(2013,遵义)

A.wasB.areC.is

5.There__B__manytreesinfrontofmyhousenow.(2013,北京)

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

近五年来,安徽中考对主谓一致考查很少,几乎没有。但其作为初中语法知识的一个重点,我们仍需了解和掌握,以防2015年中考试题中会出现。

对主谓一致的考查主要包括以下三点:

1.学科名词作主语;表示时间、长度、价格、质量等短语作主语;the+姓氏名词复数作主语;一些以s结尾的不可数名词作主语,如news,maths;不定代词+名词作主语,如bothof,neither等。

2.主语后带有with,except,like,aswellas等介词短语。

3.就近原则,如therebe句型,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等。

主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。因此,找出句子的真正主语是关键。同时,要遵循三个原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。

高频考向一 语法一致原则

语法一致即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词就用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词就用复数形式。

①当and连接两个或多个名词,或both...and...连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:

TomandMikearegoodfriends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。

BothLucyandLilyarestudents.露西和莉莉都是学生。

②不定代词either,neither,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,noone,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

Isthereanythingwrongwithyourbike?你的自行车有什么毛病吗?

Everyoneisreadyforthesportsmeeting.大家都在为运动会做准备。

③由each,each...andeach...,every...andevery...,every...作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

Eachboyandeachgirlwasgivenanewbook.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都被给了一本新书。

④主语后有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,nolessthan,morethan,including,besides,like,except,but等词或短语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。如:

Mr.GreenwithhiswifeandtwodaughtersiscomingtoBeijing.格林先生将和他的妻子及两个女儿一块儿来北京。

⑤“anumberof+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“thenumberof+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

Anumberoftreesarecutdown.许多树木被砍倒了。

Thenumberofstudentsinourclassis32.我们班学生人数为32。

⑥“alotof(lotsof,plentyof,apileof,pilesof,mostof)+名词”和“分数或百分数+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词,如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:

Lotsofpeoplehavebeenthere.很多人去过那儿。

⑦由“apair(akind,aseries...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs(kinds...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:

Apairofsunglassesislyingonthetable.一副太阳镜放在桌子上。

Fifteenpairsofshoesaremadeeachday.每天能制作15双鞋。

⑧某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes,trousers,shorts,pants,shoes,gloves...)作主语时,谓词动词用复数形式。如:

Myshoeswerewornout.我的鞋子穿坏了。

⑨不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

Readingislearning.读书就是学习。

Wemakeitarulethateachofus______hebedroomonedayaweek.

A.hascleanedB.havecleaned

C.cleansD.clean

解析:“each每一个”强调个体,故用第三人称单数;“onedayaweek一周一天”则表明指频度,应用一般现在时。

答案:__C__

______hatpairof______alittlecheaper?(2014,齐齐哈尔)

A.Is;glassB.Are;glass

C.Is;glassesD.Are;glasses

解析:apairof后应接复数名词,其作主语时,谓语动词应用单数形式。

答案:__C__

Thenumberofbooksinthebookshopisabout10,000andanumberofthem______aboutscience.

A.isB.wasC.areD.were

解析:由前半句中谓语动词is可推断出后半句中谓语动词也应用一般现在时;短语anumberof作主语时,谓语动词应用复数。

答案:__C__

高频考向二 意义一致原则

意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。

①由and连接的两个名词,如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式。如:

Theteacherandwriteriscomingtogiveusareportnextweek.那位老师兼作家下周要来给我们作报告。

Thesingeranddancerhasbeeninvitedtotheparty.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了聚会。

②表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词及词组作主语时,一般被看做一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式。如:

Threeyearsisalongtime.三年是一段很长的时间。

③集体名词(如family,team,crowd,company,class,group,government...)如果表示整体概念,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:

Myfamilyisasmallonewiththreepeople.我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。

④people,police,cattle等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:

Thepolicearehelpingagirlfindhermother.警察正在帮助一个女孩找妈妈。

⑤算式中,表示加法和乘法时谓语动词可用单数形式,也可用复数形式,但表示减法和除法时谓语动词必须用单数形式。如:

Whatis/arethreetimesthree?3乘以3是多少?

—Howmuch______hepairofshoes?

—Twentydollars______enough.

A.is;isB.is;areC.are;isD.are;are

解析:thepairofshoes的中心词是pair,则谓语动词用单数;把twentydollars看成整体,则谓语动词也用单数。

答案:__A__

高频考向三 就近原则

有时谓语动词的形式与最靠近它的名词保持一致,这种原则叫做就近原则,又叫做邻近原则。

①由either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...but(also)...,not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如:

NotonlymyparentsbutalsoIamlookingforwardtomeetingmyuncle.不但我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。

NotonlyJimbutalsohisparentswanttoliveinChina.不仅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中国。

Heoryouhavetakenmypen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。

②Therebe...和Herebe...这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。如:

Thereisanappleandtwobananasonthetable.桌子上有一个苹果和两根香蕉。

There______lotsofpeopleattherestaurantwhenIgotthere.

A.isB.wasC.areD.were

解析:people是复数名词,则therebe句型中谓语动词用复数,排除A和B;下文got为过去式,故主句也要用过去时。

答案:__D__

______Lily______Lucyisgoingwithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathome.

A.Notonly;butalsoB.Neither;nor

C.Both;andD.Either;or

解析:根据主谓一致原则可排除A项;由下文“他们中的一个必须待在家里”,可知“或者露西或者莉莉与你一起去”。

答案:__D__

There______someflowersontheteachersdeskjustnow,butnowthere______nothingonit.

A.have;hasB.were;has

C.were;isD.has;has

解析:第一空应根据someflowers来确定谓语动词应用复数,justnow表明是过去时;第二空根据nothing来判断谓语动词应用单数,now表明一般现在时。

答案:__C__

一、单项选择。

1.Thispairofpants______mine.Yoursmay__A__onthebed.(2014,绥化)

A.is;beB.are;beC.are;are

2.There__A__somemilkandtwoeggsonthetable.(2014,永州)

A.isB.areC.has

3.—Doyouneedmoretimetocompletethetask?

—Yes.Anothertendays__A__enough.(2014,广东)

A.isB.wasC.areD.were

4.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn__D__therewhenthemeetingbegan.(2013,威海)

A.areB.isC.wereD.was

5.—Maths______myfavouritesubject,whataboutyou?(2013,广安)

—Physics__A__.Ithinkitsveryinteresting.

A.is;isB.are;areC.are;is

6.Inourschoollibrarythere______anumberofbooksonscience,andintheseyearsthenumberofthem__A__growinglargerandlarger.(2013,安顺)

A.are;isB.is;areC.have;areD.has;is

7.Noone__B__swimminginsuchbadweather.

A.likeB.likesC.likingD.liked

8.Diana,togetherwithherfriends,__C__ChineseinChina.

A.studyB.havestudied

C.studiesD.arestudying

9.—BothLiLeiandHanMeimei__D__fondoftheTVprogramAbiteofChina(《舌尖上的中国》).

—Iamalsodeeplymovedbyitsstories.

A.isB.amC.wasD.are

10.—Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithmetonight?

—Idloveto,but__C__ofustwohastickets.Doyouhavesome?

A.bothB.allC.neitherD.none

二、词汇运用。

11.EitherTomorshe__is__(be)goingtothepartynextweek.Oneofthemmuststayathome.

12.Theactoranddirector__is__(be)comingtogiveusaspeechnextweekend.(2013,兰州)

13.WhenIgotthere,theyeach__were_reading__(read)abook.

14.Neitherofus__likes__(like)thestorybook.

15.Thispairoftrousers__was_made__(make)bymyauntlastyear.

16.Afootballteamoften__has__(have)elevenplayers.

17.Noonebutmyparents__knows/knew__(know)thetruth.

18.Jimsfamily__enjoy__(enjoy)watchingTVaftersupper.

19.Look!Theclass__are_doing__(do)morningexercisesontheplayground.

20.Twentyyears__has__(have)passedsincehelefthishometown.

2012年中考英语考点知识复习:主要句式


每个老师上课需要准备的东西是教案课件,到写教案课件的时候了。需要我们认真规划教案课件工作计划,可以更好完成工作任务!你们知道多少范文适合教案课件?下面是小编为大家整理的“2012年中考英语考点知识复习:主要句式”,仅供您在工作和学习中参考。


?(一)知识概要
初中所学的句型一般要分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。?陈述句中有肯定句与否定句之分。其中可以分为以下五种:
①主语+不及物动词。如:Iarrivedatsixlastnight.
②主语+及物动词+宾语,如:IboughtagoodEnglish?ChineseDictionaryyesterday.
③主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,如:PleasetellmeastorybeforeIgotobed.这样可加双宾语的句子有buy,tell,give,ask,pass,teach.
④主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语,如:Ifounditimpossibletodoit.Pleasekeeptheclassroomcleanandtidy.
⑤主语+系动词+表语,如:TomisanAmericanboy.Thegrassturnedgreeninspring.在初中常见的句型中有Therebe…句型,表示存在某种事物,如:Thereisamaponthewall?其be动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致。要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后,也要保持be动词,不要换用have,如:Thereisgoingtobeameetingtomorrow.?在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题,即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。
要注意的有如下几点:
①用and连接两个主语时一般应视为复数,但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式,如:Asingeranddanceriscomingtoourparty.asingeranddancer既歌唱又可舞的演员。而asingerandadancer则要译为:一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。
②有些以s结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数,如:Thenewsisgood(news为不可数名词)。
③有量词时应按量词的数量计算;如:Thispairofglassesisgood?Myglassesarebroken.
④有些形单却意为复数的名词,如:Peoplearecominghere?这样的词还有Police,如果要讲一个警察时,应讲apoliceman。两个警察为twopolicemen。又如apolicewoman,twopolicewomen?
⑤ 所有不定代词each,either,neither,one,theother,nobody,nothing,anyone,anything,someone,something…要作为单数如:Someoneiswaitingforyou??在并列句中表示联合关系的连词有:andnotonly…butalso, neither…nor, either…or?如:Mysisterandmyparentsaregoingtothecinema。表示转折关系的并列连词有:but和yet,如:Sheisagoodstudent,butshedidntpassthefinalexam.又如:Ithinkthenewsisstrange,yetitistrue?表示选择关系的连词有:or,either…or,如:Hurryup,oryouwillbelateforschool?表示因果关系的并列连词有:for,so如:Theystudiedveryhard,sotheyallpassedtheexam??
在初中范围复合句中主要有状语从句和宾语从句(名词性从句)两种,而定语从句(形容词性从句)要在高中讲述,为了使同学阅读文章方便,我们将在下面另一章予以介绍。我们首先来看宾语从句。
① 在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语,如:Iknewtheman,而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语,如:Iknewthathewasagoodman?这时宾语从句的连接词有that,(that只在从句中起联接作用,不在句中充当语法成分,既不是主语也不是宾语,所以在口语中常常被省略。如:Iamsure(that)shehaspassedtheexam?
②if,whether它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用,不起语法作用,当作是否讲。从句中有ornot结构时,要用whether,如:Iaskhimif(whether)hehashadhislunch?Iaskshimwhetherhehashadhislunchornot? 
③ what它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外,还要作主语或宾语成份,如:Idontunderstandwhatyousaid?(what作said的宾语)。又如:Iaskedhimwhatmadehimsick(what在宾语从句中作主语)。
④ who,它也和what一样,在句中除作连接词外,可以充当句中的成份,如:Iknowwhosheislookingfor?
⑤ whose如:Iwanttoknowwhosebookthisis?
⑥ which如:Doyouknowwhichbookismine??
在连接词中还有4个常用的连接副词,
① how它的应用最广,如:howmuch,howmany,howlong,howsoon,howold…。如:Howmuchdoesitcost?
② when它只是连接时间状语,如:Pleasetellmewhenthemeetingwillbegin?
③ where它连接地点状语,如:Whereareyoufrom?
④ why它要连接的是原因状语从句,如:TheteacheraskedwhyTomdidntcometoschool.
在考试中常见到的考点是:?宾语从句的时态与主句时态的呼应问题。
① 主句谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态,如:Iknowhedidntcome.我知道他没来。Iknowhewillcometomorrow?我知道他明天来。IknowhehasgonetoLondon?我知道他已去伦敦了。 
② 主句中的谓语动词若是过去时,宾语从句也要用过去时态中的某一种。比如:一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时。除了在表达宇宙中的客观真理时,不能用现在时态。如:Iwantedtoknowwhenhewouldcome?Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun??状语从句主要有时间状语从句,其连接词有:after,before,when,as,assoonas,until(till),while,since,by?
其中较难掌握的有以下几点:?
① until(till)直到,在用until表达时间状语的句子中,主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词,它要用肯定句,如:Istudiedharduntil12oclocklastnight.如果动词是瞬间截止性动词,则要用否定句,如:Hedidntgotobeduntilhismothercameback??
② 由?since,for,by,before来引导的时间状语从句。since引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间,如:IhavestudiedEnglishsince1990?而由by引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间,如:Ihadlearned25Englishsongsbytheendoflastterm?而before则多用于完成时,ago则多用于一般过去时,如:Hehadfinishedhisworkbeforetwelveyesterday?Ileftmyhometowntwoyearsago?
③ 在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,如:Ifitrains,theywontgotothepark onSunday?也可以主句是一般过去时,从句用一般过去进行时,如:Hesaidifitrainedthenextdayhewouldnotgotothepark?考试中常见的考点有:要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句,因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态,如:Iwanttoknowifhewillcomeheretomorrow?在宾语从句中的条件状语从句与主句的关系,如:Iwanttoknowifitrainshewillcomeheretomorrow??
在原因状语从句中主要是
① because,应译为"因为"。它表达的因果关系最强,如:Hedidntpasstheexambecausehedidntstudyhard?
② since应译为"既然",如:Sinceyouwereillyesterday?Ileftsomenotesonyourdesk?
③ as应译为"由于",如:Asitistoohotwedbettergoswimming?since与as所表达的因果关系远比because弱得多。而for表达的因果关系最弱。它不能用于句首,如:Hestudieshard,forhewantstogotocollege??在比较状语从句中有同级比较as…as,如:Thisbookisasgoodasthatone?
要注意的有两点:
① as…as中间要用原级而不是比较级。
② 用形容词还是副词,如:MarywritesascarefullyasTom?而其否定句为notas(so)…as,如:Theydidntworksohardaswedid,而不同级比较用比较级加than,如:HeisyoungerthanIam?
要注意的是表示"越来越"这一概念时有两个句型:
① 比较级+and+比较级,如:Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger?Thelittlegirlisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful?
② 定冠词the+比较级+the+比较级,如:Theharderyoustudy,themoreyoucanlearn??方式状语中要注意的是as(连词)与like(介词)的区别。as作为连词其后接从句,如:PleasedoitasIdidit?但后面的句子常作省略,如:PleasedoitasI?而like是介词,其后要接的是宾语,如:Pleasedoitlikeme??
结果和目的状语从句主要有so…that,sothat,inorderthat等几种用法。
① so…that?用在单数可数名词前,so+形容词+a+名词+that,如:Sheissobeautifulagirlthateveryonelikesher?或用such+a+形容词+名词+that,如:Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthateveryonelikesher?
② 在不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用such,如:Itissuchgoodweatherwewanttogoforapicnic?又如:Theyaresuchgoodplayersthattheyshouldwinthegame. 
③ 在much,many,few,little之前只能用so,如:IhavesolittlemoneythatIcantbuyit?
④ so…that之间只有形容词时,则不能用such,如:ItissogoodthatIwanttobuy
⑤ sothat其后接从句,如:IgotupearliersothatIcouldcatchthefirstbus???
(二) 正误辨析?
[误]Thestoriesinthatbookwaswrittenmanyyearsago??
[正]Thestoriesinthatbookwerewrittenmanyyearsago.?
[析]作主语的名词、代词或不定式、动名词,它们往往要带有修饰词,这些词可能是形容词,也可能是短语,但谓语动词还是要取决于这个主语的数,要记住的是一个名词不可能在同一句中作两个不同的语法成份,如:book作了of的介词宾语则不可能再作主语了。?
[误]Toreadmanybooksaregoodforyou??
[正]Toreadmanybooksisgoodforyou??
[析]不定式作主语应该看作单数主语。?
[误]Whathesaidareright??
[正]Whathesaidisright??
[析]从句作主语一定要按单数主语看待。?
[正]Therichisnotalwayshappy??
[误]Thericharenotalwayshappy??
[析]形容词+定冠词表示一类人,谓语动词应用复数,如:Theyoungareveryinterestedinstudyandsports??
[误]Theschoolmasterandwriterarecoming??
[正]Theschoolmasterandwriteriscoming??
[析]本句应译为:校长兼作家就要来了。而Theschoolmasterandthewriterarecoming?则要译为:校长和一个作家要来了。在英语表达法中确实有Thegirlandboyareplayingonthegrass?这应译为:一个女孩,一个男孩在操场上玩。因为不可能这样两个概念作用在一个人身上。又如:thehusbandandwife?夫妻二人。?
[误]Youorshegotogetsomewaterforus??
[正]Youorshegoestogetsomewaterforus??
[析]由or连接的两个主语应以离谓语动词近的那一个计算其数。这样的用法还有either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso也有人称作"就近原则"。?
[误]Theteacherwithalotofstudentscomeintotheclassroom??
[正]Theteacherwithalotofstudentscomesintotheclassroom??
[析]真正的主语是theteacher,而with短语是伴随状态,不影响主语的数。?
[误]Myglassesisbroken??
[正]Myglassesarebroken??
[误]Thispairofglassesaregood??
[正]Thispairofglassesisgood??
[误]Thesekindsofbutterisgood.?
[正]Thesekindsofbutteraregood??
[析]英语中有些名词只有复数形式,如:glasses眼镜,shorts短裤等。如没有量词在前时,要用复数谓语动词,但有了量词之后则要按量词的单复数计算。?
[误]Oneoftheboysaregoingtotakepartinthematch??
[正]Oneoftheboysisgoingtotakepartinthematch??
[析]Oneof结构应以one来计算主语的数。?
[误]Halfoftheworkaredone??
[正]Halfoftheworkisdone??
[误]Halfofthebooksisread??
[正]Halfofthebooksareread??
[析]在小于1的数量词作主语时,如:23,80%,0.35…+of+名词,这时主语的数应按of后面的名词计算。如果名词是不可数名词或可数名词单数,则谓语动词要用单数,如名词是复数则要用复数谓语动词。?
[误]Eachsidesarefulloftrees??
[正]Eachsideisfulloftrees??
[误]Bothsideisfulloftrees??
[正]Bothsidesarefulloftrees??
[析]each,either其后都要加单数名词,而both后要加复数名词。如:each,either,another,little,alittle,much等作主语时,谓语动词全部要用单数形式。?
[误]Theboyseachhasanapple??
[正]Theboyseachhaveanapple??
[析]each作同位语时,不影响句子的主语。?
[误]Everyoneofushasaticketfortheconcert??
[正]Everyoneofushasaticketfortheconcert??
[析]everyone,someone,everybody…在作主语时都不能加of结构。
[误]Girlslikedancingverymuch,butfewlikesplayingfootball??
[正]Girlslikedancingverymuch,butfewlikeplayingfootball??
[析]few虽然含意上是"几乎没有",但作主语时仍要当作复数。?
[误]Thenumberoftheworkersinthatfactoryaretwohundred??
[正]Thenumberoftheworkersinthatfactoryistwohundred??
[析]thenumberof意为:某某的数字是……如:thenumberofstudents学生人数,thenumberofplayers运动员人数。不论数字如何都应看作单数。而anumberof与many意思相同,其后加可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式。如:Anumberofstudentsareplayingonthegrass??
[误]Therestofthestudentsishere??
[正]Therestofthestudentsarehere??
[误]Therestoftheworkaredone??
[正]Therestoftheworkisdone??
[析]therestof的用法与2/3,一半,80%+of的结构一致,of后面为可数名词复数时用复数谓语动词,为不可数名词或可数名词单数时用单数谓语动词。这样用法还有lotsof,alotof,plentyof。?
[误]Thenewsintodaysnewspaperarenotbad??
[正]Thenewsintodaysnewspaperisnotbad??
[析]有些以s结尾的名词要用作不可数名词,它们是:news,physics,mathematics,thanks,…?
[误]TheChineseiskindandfriendly??
[正]TheChinesearekindandfriendly??
[析]Chinese作为中文来讲是单数名词,但作为中国人讲是单复同形的名词。如:oneChinese,twoChinese…而TheChinese=ThepeopleofChina要用复数谓语动词。
[误]Thisdictionaryistooexpensiveforme?Tendollarsareabigsumforme
[正]Thisdictionaryistooexpensiveforme?Tendollarsisabigsumforme
[析]表示一段时间,一笔金钱,一段距离,都应看作单数名词。?
[误]Whoaregoingtotakepartinourfootballmatch??
[正]Whoisgoingtotakepartinourfootballmatch??
[析]用who提问时,习惯上用单数谓语动词,但which则要视其情况而定,如:whicharebettertheseshoesesorthoseshoes?又如:whichisbetterthisoneorthatone?
[误]Whatahotweatheritis!?
[误]Howhottheweatheritis!?
[正]Whathotweatheritis!?
[正]Howhottheweatheris!?
[析]感叹句是用来表达说话人的喜怒哀乐的感情。它由what与how作句子的开始,判定是用what还是用how的最好办法是将它们换为陈述句,比如:Whatthehotweatheritis!应转换为:Itisthehotweather?那么句子的起点是单词it。再来看感叹句中it前有不可数名词weather,则只能用what。再看第二句Howhottheweatheris!转为陈述句时为:Theweatherishot?这时句子的开始单词为theweather,再来看感叹句在theweather前只有形容词,所以应用how。至于是用whata还是what要看名词的具体情况而定,单数可数名词加whata其余的加用what。?
[误]Wehavetosingthis,havewe??
[误]Wehavetosingthis,haventwe??
[正]Wehavetosingthis,dontwe??
[析]在反意疑问句中除了标准的一些常规外,有一些例外:
?Letsgohome,shallwe?
Letusgohome,willyou??
Shehadtoleave,didntshe??
Doyourhomeworkatonce,willyou??
Thereisnotmuchgoodnewsintodaysnewspaper,isthere??
Neitherofthemareright,arethey??
Ithinkhewillcometothepartywonthe??
think后的宾语从句,与其他宾语从句不一样,在初中只有这样一个较特殊的词。这样的句子的反意疑问句的主语要用宾语从句中的主语,其助动词要用宾语从句的助动词,而肯定还是否定要看主句谓语动词而定,如:Idontthinkheiscomingtoourparty,ishe??
[误]Iwanttoknowwheredoeshelive??
[正]Iwanttoknowwherehelives??
[析]宾语从句中一律要用陈述语序,而不用疑问语序。?
[误]-Ihaventgotaticketforthefootballmatch??
-NorIhave??
[正]-Ihaventgotaticketforthefootballmatch??
-Nor(Neither)haveI??
[析]nor,neither用在简答否定句中时要采用倒装语序。在肯定句的简答句中则要用so,如:Idomyhomeworkveryquickly,SodoesMary??
[误]Look!Herethebuscomes!?
[正]Look!Herecomesthebus!?
[误]Look!Herecomeshe!?
[正]Look!Herehecomes??
[析]在there,here打头的句子中,如果主语是名词,则要采用倒装语序;如果是人称代词则用一般语序。?
[误]DoyouwantMarytogotothecinemawithus??
No,Idonthopeso??
[正]DoyouwantMarytogotothecinemawithus??
No,Ihopenot??
[析]我不这样想,可用Idontthinkso?但hope的否定简答句只能用Ihopenot?这是习惯用法。但这两个词的肯定简答句形是一样的,如:Ithinkso.Ihopeso??
[误]ThatisdifficultforustolearnEnglishwell??
[正]ItisdifficultforustolearnEnglishwell??
[析]It这里的语法作用是形式主语,而真正的主语是后面的不定式。形式主语和形式宾语都要用it而不能用that,如:IthinkitdifficulttolearnEnglishwell?it在这句中是think的形式宾语。??
(三) 例题解析?
1? There___apencil?boxonthedesk.?
A.isB. areC.hasD.have
[答案]A.?
[析]Therebe句形中的be动词要看其后面离它最近的名词而定,如:Therearetwobooksandapencilonthedesk?但却可以讲Thereisapencilandtwobooksonthedesk??
2? Couldyoutellme___??
A? MrsKingwherelivesB? wheredoesMrsKinglive?
C? whereMrsKinglivesD? MrsKingliveswhere
[答案]C.?
[析]宾语从句中的疑问句要用陈述语序。?
3? Yourbrothercametoseeyou,___??
A? doesheB? doesntheC? didheD? didnthe?
[答案]D.?
[析]前句是肯定句,后面反意疑问句要用否定句,同时came为过去时态,所以应用didnthe??
4? Itsgettingcloudy,___??
A? doesitB? doesntitC? isitD? isntit
[答案]D.?
[析]要区分s是has还是is,这里由getting得出s是is。?
5? ___keepmewaitingsolong.?
A? NotB? WontC? DontD? Notto
[答案]C.?
[析]Dont+动词原形为祈始句的否定句。?
6? MrGreenhasntbeentoBeijing,___??
A? hasheB? hasntheC? didheD? didnthe
[答案]A.?
[析]此句has是助动词与过去分词构成现在完成时态。?
7? Youhaveyourlunchatschool,___??
A? haveyouB? haventyouC? doyouD? dontyou?
[答案]D.?
[析]这里的have是实意动词"吃",而不是助动词。?
8? ___sunnyday!Letsgooutforawalk.?
A? HowaB? HowC? WhataD? What
[答案]C.?
[析]这个感叹句是个省略句,其真实的句子应为Whatasunnydayitis!?
9? -Canyoutellme___??-Sure?Shesanurse??
A? whereisyoursisterB? whereyoursisteris?
C? whatisyoursisterD? whatyoursisteris
[答案]D.?
[析]who问的是姓名,如:Whoishe?HeisSmith?或Heismyfather?What问的是职业,如:Whatishe?Heisateacher??
10? Johnlikeslisteningtotheradio,___??
A? doesheB? doesntheC? doesntJohnD? doesJohe
[答案]B.?
[析]当名词作主语时,反意疑问句应用代词。?
11? NeitheryounorI___ontheteam.?
A? areB? wereC? amD? is
[答案]C.?
[析]由neither…nor…作连接词作主语时,其谓语动词要与相临近的那个主语相呼应。?
12? ___deliciousfood!Idlikesomemore.?
A? whataB? HowaC? WhatD? How
[答案]C.?
[析]因food为不可数名词。?
13? ___thereacatunderthechair??
A? AreB? IsC? HasD? Have
[答案]B.?
[析]这是therebe句型的疑问句。?
14? Couldyoutellme___??
A? whenthetrainwillarriveB? whenthetrainarrived?
C? whendidthetrainarriveD? whendoesthetrainarrives
[答案]A.?
[析]could用于现在时疑问句表达了口气的委婉,并不是过去时态。且宾语从句要用陈述语句。?
15? -___badweather!?
-Yes,Butitsgoingtobefinesoon,Ithink??
A? HowB? WhataC? WhatanD? What
[答案]D.?
[析]weather为不可数名词。?
16? -Couldyoutellme___??
-Yes,They___tothelibrary??
A? wherearethetwins,havebeen
B? wherewerethetwins,havebeen?
C? wherethetwinsare,havegone
D? wherethetwinswere,havegone
[答案]C.?
[析]havebeento是去过什么地方,而现在回来了。havegoneto是到某地去了,人现在不在这里。?
17? Goand___theTVquickly?Thevolleyballmatchwillbeginrightaway.?
A? turnoffB? turndownC? turnupD? turnon?
[答案]D.?
[析]这是个祈使句,它由and连接两个动词。注意词组搭配的不同含义。
18? Letsgoforsometea,___??
A? shallweB? willweC? doweD? dontwe
[答案]A.?
[析]Letsgo…,shallwe?Letusgo…,willyou?这是两个特殊的反意疑问句。
19? Joansshort,___??
A? wasntsheB? hasntsheC? isntsheD? doesntshe
[答案]C.?
[析]在此句中应视s为is,而不是has或was。?
20? Idontknow___toreadtheword.?
A? whichB? whatC? whoseD? how
[答案]D.?
[析]因不定式toread中的read是及物动词,已有自己的宾语theword,所以应用疑问副词how。?
21? Hedidntgotoschool,___hewasill.?
A? forB? butC? andD? so
[答案]A.?
[析]这里是表示因果的关系,从句表示原因,所以用for,放于句尾,且常常前面有一个逗号。so引起的是结果状语从句,如:Hewasonlytwelve,sohecouldntjointhearmy??
22? Theyoungwomancanhardlyrideabike,___she??
A? doesntB? doesC? cantD? can
[答案]D.?
[析]hardly为否定词,所以应视此句为否定句。其后的反意疑问句应用肯定句。?
23? TomnevergoestothecinemaonSundays,___??
A? doesheB? doesntheC? isntheD? ishe
[答案]A.?
[析]never也是否定词,所以应将句子看作否定句。?
24? Mothersaidtohim,"Dont___onfootball."?
A? spendtoomuchtimeB? tospendtoomuchtime?
C? spendtoomanytimeD? tospendtoomanytime
[答案]A.?
[析]time作为"时间"讲为不可数名词,应用much来修饰。当作"次数"讲是可数名词,如threetimes三次,而Dont…这一句是祈使句的否定句。?
25? MrWhite,togetherwithsomeJapanesefriends,___visitourschoolthisafternoon.?
A? aregoingtoB? isgoingtoC? haveD? has
[答案]B.?
[析]句子的主语是Mr?White,而togetherwith…是伴随状况,不影响句子的主语。?
26? Thereislittlewaterintheglass,___??
A? isitB? isthereC? isntitD? isntthere
[答案]B.?
[析]这是therebe句型的反意疑问句。?
27? Amperewasthinkingaboutamathsproblem,___??
A? didntheB? wasntheC? didheD? ishe
[答案]B.?
[析]这是进行时态的反意疑问句。?
28? Shehadagoodtimeyesterday,___she??
A? wasntB? didntC? hasntD? isnt
[答案]B.?
[析]had这里是实意动词而不是助动词。?
29? Wellmake___foryouinthefrontofthecar.?
A? aroomB? roomC? roomsD? somerooms
[答案]B.?
[析]room此处为不可数名词,意为"地方,空间"。?
30? NeithershenorI___totheGreatwallbefore.?
A? hasgoneB? havegoneC? havebeenD? hasbeen
[答案]C.?
[析]由neither…nor连接两个主语时,其谓语动词应与相临近的那个主语相呼应。?
31? Helpmecollectthesebooks,___??
A? areyouB? willyouC? doyouD? shallyou
[答案]B.?
[析]祈使句的反意疑问句应用willyou,而Letsgo例外,其反意疑问句为shallwe?
32? Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildroses
___changemuchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.?
A? dontB? doesntC? isntD? didnt
[答案]B.?
[析]thenumberof为"……的数量、数目",所以谓语动词用单数形式。而anumberof要加复数名词,其谓语动词也用复数。?
33? Sheshadbreakfast,___??
A? issheB? isntsheC? hasntsheD? hasshe?
[答案]C.?
[析]这里的s应视为has??
34? Iwonder___.?
A? whosebicycleisitB? itiswhosebicycle?
C? isitwhosebicycleD? whosebicycleitis
[答案]D.?
[析]wonder后的宾语从句应用陈述语序。?
35? Itisgoodforus___morningexercises.?
A? doB? todoC? didD? done
[答案]B.?
[析]这里的it是形式主语,而真正的主语是不定式todo…?
36? Peterhassportsveryoften,___??
A? does,PeterB? doesntheC? doesntPeterD? doeshe?
[答案]B.?
[析]has这里是实意动词,而主语为名词时其反意疑问句中的主语要用代词。
37? Mr?Blacksaid,"Jenny,dontbelatetomorrow?"?
Mr?BlacktoldJenny___.?
A? dontbelatetomorrowB? didntbelatetomorrow?
C? notbelatenextmorningD? nottobelatethenextday
[答案]D.?
[析]tell一般要加双宾语,其间接宾语是Jenny,直接宾语是不定式。而这里用的是不定式的否定形式。?
38? LiMeireadthenewspapertothegranny,___??
A? doessheB? didntsheC? didsheD? wasntshe
[答案]B.?
[析]read这里是过去时态,因其主语是第三人称单数,而read并未加s所以是过去时态。(read的过去时与过去分词都是read,只不过读音不同)

2012年中考英语名词考点知识复习教案


每个老师在上课前需要规划好教案课件,是时候写教案课件了。只有规划好新的教案课件工作,才能更好的在接下来的工作轻装上阵!你们会写适合教案课件的范文吗?为了让您在使用时更加简单方便,下面是小编整理的“2012年中考英语名词考点知识复习教案”,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。

2012年中考英语名词考点知识复习教案

(一)知识概要

名词的概念在不同的语法教课书中有不同的解释和分类方法,但就实际应用来讲还是不要过分地追求其理论概念,而更多的要把注意力放在其应用上来。我们不妨把它分为两大类:专有名词与普通名词。顾名思义,专有名词是指:个人、事物、机关等所专有的名称,如,theGreatWall,America…它们是不能随意变动的。而普通名词中则包括个体名词,如pen,worker…它表示单一的个体人或事物;集体名词,如:family,class,team,它表示的是由若干个个体组成的集合体;物质名词,如:water,paper…它表示的是一种物质,原材料;而后一种是抽象名词,如:work,time…它表示着一种在实际生活中看不见、摸不到,但却与实际生活紧密相关的某些动作、状态、品质的抽象概念。见下表。

名词一览表

种类

专有名词

London,John,theCommunistPartyofChina

普通名词类名词nurse,boy,worker,pencil,dog,table

集体名词class,family,army,police,team,people

物质名词water,steel,glass,cotton,wood,sand

抽象名词happiness,love,work,life,courage,honest

功用

主语MyfamilyisnowinNewYork.

表语Hisfatherisascientist.

宾语Weloveourgreatmotherland.

宾语补足语HemadeLondonthebaseforhiswork.

定语Thegirlsaremakingpaperflowesrs.

状语Thecarcosthim1000dollars.

同位语MrBrown,afamousscientist,willcomehere.

名词在使用中的难点在于名词的数,即可数名词与不可数名词的实际应用。不可数名词不能用数字计算,所以它通常只有单数形式。它包含有专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词等,如:English,air,water,cotton,work…可数名词是可以用数量加以计算的名词,所以它具有单数形式和复数形式两种。可数名词复数形式的构成规律是:

1.一般情况加s,如:pen—pens,doctor—doctors,boy—boys,其读音规则是在清辅音后读[s],在元音和浊辅音后读[z]。如:map—map,boy—boys.

2.在以s,sh,ch,x结尾的名词后面加es,如:bus—buses,class—classes,其读音为[iz]。

3.以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s,其读音为[iz]。

4.以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,要将y变为i再加es,读作[z],如:factory—factories,country—countries,family—families.但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boy—boys,day—days。

5.以o结尾的名词的复数形式一般要加es,但如果o前面是元音字母或外来词,缩写词以o结尾的则只加s,如:tomato—tomatoes,hero—heroes;photo—photos,radio—radios,piano—pianos

6.以f或fe结尾的名词的复数形式要将f或fe变为v再加es,如:knife—knives,leaf—leaves,但有些例外的词如roof的复数形式是roofs。

7.不规则名词的复数形式是要单个记忆的,它没有规律可循,如:man—men,woman—women,child—children,foot—feet,tooth—teeth,mouse—mice

8.单复同形的名词有:fish,sheep,deer…

9.单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people,police等。?名词还有格的变化,其主格可作主语,宾格可作宾语。还有所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加s其复数形式是s,如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加s,如:astudentsroom,studentsrooms,ChildrensDay.在表示时间、距离、世界、国家……名词的所有格要用s,如:atwentyminuteswalk.但无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,如:thecapitalofourcountry,thecolouroftheflowers

(二)正误辨析

[误]Pleasegivemeapaper.

[正]Pleasegivemeapieceofpaper.

[析]不要认为可以数的名词就是可数名词,这种原因是对英语中可数与不可数名词的概念与中文中的能数与不能数相混淆了,所以造成了这样的错误,因paper在英语中是属于物质名词一类,是不可数名词。而不可数名词要表达数量时,要用与之相关的量词来表达,如:twopiecesofpaper.

[误]Pleasegivemetwoletterpapers.

[正]Pleasegivemetwopiecesofletterpaper.

[析]paper作为纸讲是不可数名词,而作为报纸、考卷、文章讲时则是可数名词,如:Eachstudentshouldwriteapaperonwhathehaslearnt.

[误]Myglassesisbroken.

[正]Myglassesarebroken.

[误]Iwanttobuytwoshoes.

[正]Iwanttobuytwopairsofshoes.

[析]英语中glasses—眼镜,shoes—鞋,trousers—裤子等由两部分组成的名词一般要用复数形式。如果要表示一副眼镜应用apairofglasses而这时的谓语动词应与量词相一致。如:Thispairofglassesisverygood.

[误]MayIborrowtworadioes?

[正]MayIborrowtworadios?

[析]以o结尾的名词大都是用加es来表示其复数形式,但如果o前面是一个元音字母或外来语时则只加s就可以了。这样的词有zoo—zoos,piano—pianos.

[误]ThisisaMarysdictionary.

[正]ThisisMarysdictionary.

[析]如名词前有指示代词this,that,thesethose,及其他修饰词our,some,every,which,或所有格时,则不要再加冠词。

[误]Therearemuchpeopleinthegarden.

[正]Therearemanypeopleinthegarden.

[析]可数名词前应用many,few,afew,alotof来修饰,而people是可数名词,而且是复数名词,如:Thepeopleareplantingtreeshere.

[误]Iwantafewwater.

[正]Iwantalittlewater.

[析]不可数名词前可以用alittle,little,alotof,some来修饰,但不可用many,few来修饰。

[误]Thankyouverymuch.Yourfamilyisverykindtome.

[正]Thankyouverymuch.Yourfamilyareverykindtome.

[误]TomsandMarysfamilyarewaitingforus.

[正]TomsandMarysfamiliesarewaitingforus.

[误]Imsorry.Ihavetogo.Tomsfamiliesarewaitingforme.

[正]Imsorry.Ihavetogo.Tomsfamilyarewaitingforme.

[析]集合名词如果指某个集合的整体,则应视为单数,如指某个集合体中的个体则应视为复数。如:Myfamilyisabigfamily.WhenIcamein,TomsfamilywerewatchingTV.即汤姆一家人正在看电视。这样的集合名词有:familyclass,team等。

[误]Donteattoomuchmeats.

[正]Donteattoomuchmeat.

[误]Foodinthatrestaurantisverygood.

[正]Thefoodinthatrestaurantisverygood.

[析]物质名词是不可数名词,在使用中不可以加s,即它没有复数形式。也不可加不定冠词。但如果用于特指某一物质时可以加定冠词。如:Idontlikedrinkingcoffee,butthecoffeeinthatcupisreallygood.

[误]Pleasegivemetwowaters.

[正]Pleasegivemetwoglassesofwater.

[正]Pleasegivemetwocoffees.

[析]物质名词如要加计量时,一定要加量词,?如:twocupsoftea,twoglassesofwater,aglassofmilk,aloafofbread,

apieceofbread,aboxofsugar,

abowlofrice,abottleoforange,

abagofearth

?例:Illtellyouapieceofgoodnews.

但只有coffee可以用coffees来取代manycupsofcoffee.

[误]Canyougivemethenewspaperoftoday?

[正]Canyougivemetodaysnewspaper?

[析]加s构成所有格的名词一般应指有生命的人或物。如:Maryshair,但在英文的习惯用法中对时间、距离等名词的所有格多用s来构成而不用of结构。如:afiveminuteswalk.

[误]Pleasemakearoomfortheladyintheschoolbus.

[正]Pleasemakeroomfortheladyintheschoolbus.

[析]英语中更多的名词是含有多种用法和多种含意的,

如:room为可数名词时为“房间”,如:IliveinRoom5.而room为抽象名词时为空间上面一句话应译为“请给老妇人在校车上留个地方。”这样的词还有:glass玻璃glasses眼镜stone石头astone一块石头time时间twotimes两次wood木头woods树林

[误]Thereisaflowersgardenbehindmyhouse.

[正]Thereisaflowergardenbehindmyhouse.

[析]名词除了在句中作主语、宾语、表语外,还可以用来修饰另一个名词,这时作修饰词的名词一般要用单数形式,如:shoefactory(鞋厂),postoffice(邮局),eveningpaper(晚报),nightschool(夜校),headmaster(校长),alawschool(法律学院)。但也有例外,如:agoodstrain(货车),sportsmeeting(运动会)。

[误]Mymotherboughttwofishesforsupperthismorning.

[正]Mymotherboughttwofishforsupperthismorning.

[析]英语中有些名词单复同形,如:fish,deer,sheep,Chinese(中国人),means(方法)。所以应讲onefish,twofish,oneChinese,twoChinese.如果讲Therearefivefishesinthepool.应译为池中有五种鱼而不是五条鱼。

[误]Maryexpressedherthanktoherboyfriend.

[正]Maryexpressedherthankstoherboyfriend.

[析]英语中有些名词只有复数形式,如:thanks,greens,而有些词单数形式与复数形式有不同的词意。如:clothes为衣服,而cloth则是布,sand沙子,而sands是沙滩。

[误]Iofferedmysonmycongratulationonhissuccess.

[正]Iofferedmysonmycongratulationsonhissuccess.

[析]英语中表示祝贺的词虽有单数形式,但一般要用其复数形式。如握手为shakehands.

[误]WehavefiveGermaninthismeeting.

[正]WehavefiveGermansinthismeeting.

[析]英国人Englishman的复数形式为Englishmen,而German则要加s,因为它不是由国名与man的组合词。

[误]TherearetwoAsinthisword.

[正]TherearetwoAsinthisword.

[析]在大写字母缩写形式的复数表达法中应加s,但如字母是A、I时,为了防止与As和Is相混,则要用s即As,Is

[误]Therearethree6sandtwo3sinmytelephonenumber.

[正]Therearethree6sandtwo3sinmytelephonenumber.

[析]在小写字母与数字的复数形式表达法中要用s

[误]Wehavemanywomanteachersinourschool.

[正]Wehavemanywomenteachersinourschool.

[析]一般组合名词变为复数形式时只将词中心词变为复数如:?

halfbrother—halfbrothers(同父异母或同母异父的兄弟)daughterinlaw—daughtersinlaw,(儿媳)但要注意的是:mandriver—mendrivers(男司机)womandoctor—womendoctors(女大夫)grownup—grownups(成年人)但是boystudent—则变为boystudents

[误]Physicsareverydifficulttolearn.

[正]Physicsisverydifficulttolearn.

[析]虽以s结尾但只能用作单数名词有:科学,学科名字:Physics.Mathematicspolitics游戏名称:bowls专有名称:NiagaraFalls(尼亚加拉瀑布)其他名词:news(消息,新闻)

[误]Thereisapeopleintheroom.

[正]Thereisapersonintheroom.

[正]Thereisamanintheroom.

[析]people是复数名词,不可用作单数,如要用来讲一个人时应用aperson,aman,awoman。同样的词有police.要讲一个警察时则要用apoliceman,apolicewoman。

[误]Whereismyshoe?

[正]Wherearemyshoes?

[析]常常只用作复数形式的词有trousers,pants,shorts(短裤),socks(袜子),shoes,gloves(手套)。但如果只找其中的一个则要指明,这时还是应用单数形式。如:Wheresmyleftglove?(我左手的手套在哪?)

[误]Ipaidfivepenniesforthesweet.

[正]Ipaidfivepenceforthesweet.

[析]英语中便士有两个复数形式pence用来表达一定数量的钱。而pennies是指一个个的硬币,如:Iwanttochangethisnoteforpennies.我想把这纸币换成硬币。(即一便士一个的硬币)。

[误]Therearemanyfruitintheshop.

[正]Therearemanyfruitsintheshop.

[析]物质名词为不可数名词,但是用来表示种类时则可以用作可数名词,这里应译为各种各样的水果。?

[误]Thereisanewcar.ItisJonesandMarys.

[正]Thereisanewcar.ItisJoneandMarys.

[析]有生命名词的所有格,如果是单数名词则加s如:Maryscar.如果是以s结尾的复数名词则只在s后面加’如:teachersoffices.如果是复数名词但不是以s结尾,则只加’s,如:childrenspalace组合名词的所有格是在最后一个词尾加s如:girlfriend—girlfriendssomeoneelse—someoneelsesaweekorthree—aweekorthrees如名词后有同位语时,则应加在同位语的词尾上,如:Itismygirlfriend,Maryscar.要注意的是当两个名词并列时,如表示归两人共同所有,则在最后一个名词后面加s,如果表示分别所有则在两个名词后分别加s,如:ThisisMaryandJoneshome.即Mary与Jone是一家人。这是他们共同的家。而TheseareMarysandJoneshomes.则应译为这里是Mary的家与Jone的家。

[误]Itisreallybeautiful.Itisaworkofnature.

[正]Itisreallybeautiful.ItisaNatureswork.

[析]无生命名词的所有格应用of结构。但是s形式的所有格可用于以下无生命的名词:表示时间的词:todaysnewspaper,atwentyminuteswalk,anhours,rest表示长度的词:threemetresdistance,aboatslength,twentymilesjourney表示重量的名词:twopoundsweight价格名词:twodollarsworth拟人化的名词:Natureswork,natureslesson(大自然的教训)及国家、机关、团体、城市等机构性名词:theuniversityslibrary

[误]Heisanoldfriendofmyfather.

[正]Heisanoldfriendofmyfathers.

[析]这是英语中的一种习惯用法而不要根据语法去推理。如:ThispenisToms.

[误]Myfatherisagoodcooker.

[正]Myfatherisagoodcook.

[析]一般动词加上er后则转意为执行该动作的执行者,如:teach(教)—teacher(老师),think(想)—thinker(思想家),drive(开车)—driver(司机),sell(卖)—seller(卖物者)……但不能总是以此类推,比如cook是动词“做饭”。而cook也可作为名词“厨师”讲,而cooker则为厨具,餐具,即锅、碗、勺等做饭用具。

[误]Theyoungisdancingthere.

[正]Theyoungaredancingthere.

[析]英文中用定冠词加上形容词表示一类人时应按复数名词,如:therich富人,thepoor(穷人),thewise聪明人,但如果用定冠词加形容词来表示事物则要用作单数名词,如:Thebeautifulisstillhere.美丽的风景依旧。

[误]Thestoriesofthebookwaswrittenmanyyearsago.

[正]Thestoriesofthebookwerewrittenmanyyearsago.

[析]这句话的真正主语应是stories,所以应用复数谓语动词。

[误]ThisisoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionary.

[正]ThisisoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionaries.

[析]oneof意为“……之一”,of后面的名词要用复数形式。

[误]LetsgotouncleWangforsupper.

[正]LetsgotouncleWangsforsupper.

[析]uncleWangs意为“王叔叔家”,doctors意为“医院或私人诊所”。

[误]Ithinkwewillmakeafriendwitheachother.

[正]Ithinkwewillmakefriendswitheachother.

[析]makefriends为习惯用法,即交朋友。

[误]Iwanttotellyoumuchpiecesofgoodnews.

[正]Iwanttotellyoumanypiecesofgoodnews.

[析]news为不可数名词,但加了量词之后则要用many来修饰量词,因量词是可数名词,或可以说Iwanttotellyousomegoodnews.因some即可用在可数名词前,也可用在不可数名词前作形容词,如:Iwanttotellyousomepiecesofgoodnews.

[误]Theteacherwithfivestudentsarecominghere.

[正]Theteacherwithfivestudentsiscominghere.

[析]要注意由with引出的介词短语不是本句的主语,这与连词and有很大的区别,如:Theteacherandfivestudentsarecominghere.这里由介词引出的短语仅仅是teacher的修饰语。

[误]Therearealotofinformationhere,butwedontneedthem.

[正]Thereisalotofinformationhere,butwedontneedit.

[析]information为不可数名词,而用作代替它的词要用it而不能用them.

[误]Manyastudentmakethesamemistakeintheexam.

[正]Manyastudentmakesthesamemistakeintheexam.

[析]manya加可数名词单数,作主语时其谓语动词应用单数形式,但其意为许多学生。

[误]Thechildrenwearverygoodclothtogotoschooltoday.

[正]Thechildrenwearverygoodclothestogotoschooltoday.

[析]英文中cloth,clothes,clothing是易混之词:cloth是物质名词,意为“布”,没有复数形式,而clothing是指衣物的总称,也没有复数形式。clothes是指衣服,但没有单数形式,如:Thisclothingisneededinwarmcountries.Herclothesaremadeoffinecloth.英文中的dress则指较正规的服装,如:aschooldress校服,aneveningdress晚礼服。

[误]IliketostudytheEnglish.

[正]IliketostudyEnglish.

[析]作为一种学科名词前不要用冠词,而作为某一特指学科则要加冠词,如:Iliketostudyhistory.IliketostudythehistoryofAmerica.

[误]TheBrownsisgoingtovisitChina.

[正]TheBrownsaregoingtovisitChina.

[析]定冠词加姓加s,则意为“Brown先生一家人”。所以应用复数谓语动词。此句应译为:Brown先生一家将要访问中国。

(三)例题解析

1.LucyandLily___inthesameclass.

A.amB.isC.areD.be

[答案]C.

[析]由and连接两个单数名词作主语时应按复数名词来搭配谓语动词。

2.Whichisthe___tothebusstop,please?

AroadBwayCstreetDaddress

[答案]B.

[析]这是考察同意词辨析,road是指较宽阔的大道,意为“乡间公路”,而street意为道路两边的建筑物较高,可视为街道之意,而way则多为要到达某地所要经过的途径,还可引深为方式、方法。而address则为“地址”。如:Thereisacarrunningalongthecountryroad.?Iliveat105Parkstreet.CanyoushowmethewaytotheNationalMuseum?

3.Hurryup!Thereis___timeleft.

AlittleBalittleCfewDafew

[答案]A.

[析]因time作为时间讲为不可数名词,所以不可用few,afew来修饰。另外,英文的表达法与中文不同,中文讲,快点,时间不多了,而英文要讲,快点,没时间了。因此,要用little而不用alittle.

4.Howmany___canyouseeinthepicture?

AtomatosBtomatoesCtomatoDthetomato

[答案]B.

[析]用Howmany提问时,其名词要用复数形式,而tomato的复数要加es.

5.— ___isthemeat.Please?

— Tenyuanakilo.

AHowmuchBHowmanyCHowoldDHowlong

[答案]A.

[析]由对话的答语可看出其问句问的是价格。钱数作为整体、价格讲时,不论其值是多少都是不可数名词,要用howmuch提问。

6TheboysnameisJamesAllenGreen.Sohisgivennameis___.

AJamesAllenBAllenGreenCJamesGreenDMr.Green

?[答案]A.

[析]英文的习惯与中文不同,中文是姓在前名字在后,而英文则是姓在最后,其第一个名字是由父母所起的,中间的名字可能是父母、教父所起的,但都可称作givenname,而姓在英文中是familyname.

7Shanghaiisoneofthebiggest___inourcountry.

AcityBcitysCcitysDcities

?[答案]D.

[析]复音字母以y结尾的单词的复数形式要把y变成i再加es。oneof加名词的结构中的名词应用复数。

8Wouldyoupleasepassme___?

Atwopaper Btwopapers

CtwopiecesofpaperDtwopiecesofpapers

?[答案]C.

[析]paper是不可数名词,如讲一张、两张纸时,要用量词piece.

9September10this___Day.

ATeacherBTeachersCTeachersDTeachers

?[答案]D.

10Ionlyhave___breadforlunchtoday.

AabitBabitofClittleDfew

[答案]B.

11“Whatwouldyoulike,Ann?”“Idliketwo___.”

AglassofmilkBglassesofmilk

CglassofmilksDglassesofmilks

?[答案]B.

12Thereisnt___paperinthebox.Willyougoandget___forme?

Aany,someBany,anyCsome,someDsome,any

?[答案]A.

[析]any用于否定句与疑问句,但如果要表达说话者真心实意希望得到肯定答复时,问句中要用some而不要按一般语法规律用any.

13June1stis___.

AChildrensdayBchildrensDay

CChildrensDayDchildrensday?

[答案]C.

14Theseforeignfriendsare___.

AGermanBGermenCGermanyDGermans

[答案]D.

15Allthestudentsarebusy,so___ofthemwillgotothecinema.

AmanyBlittleCafewDfew

?[答案]D.

[析]student是可数名词,而few用于可数名词,意为:几乎没有学生去电影院。

16Therearethree___andseven___inthepicture.

Adeers,sheepsBdeers,sheep

Cdeer,sheepDdeer,sheeps

?[答案]C.

[析]deer与sheep均是单复同形的名词。

?17Whoseroomisthis?Its___.

AmyBKikesandJohns

CourDKikeandJohns

[答案]D.

[析]因为room为单数,所以不可能是Kike的一间与John的一间,应为二者共用的一间房子。

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