2017年中考英语二轮语法主谓一致专题复习材料。
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中考考点十一：主谓一致一．就近原则出现几个主语时，谓语动词的人称单复数须和最近的主语保持一致。
二．意义一致原则主语形式是单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词根据意义要用复数；反之主语形式为复数，但意义为单数，谓语动词也用单数。如表示一笔钱，一段时间，一定重量时，这些单位虽是复数形式，但谓语动词是单数形式。
三．语法一致一个句子的主语是单数时，谓语动词也应是单数形式，主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。
细则如下：
1.由并列结构或连词（either…or，neither…nor，not…but，notonly…butalso，or等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与较近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
NeitherhisparentsnorTom_____(be)athome.
2.在倒装句和therebe句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。
There_____(be)abookandsomepensonthedesk.
There______(come)thebus.
3.在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。
Iknowthemanwho_____(be)talkingtomyfather.
4.在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。
ItisMary’sbrotherwho_____(be)injuredinthecaraccidentyesterday.
5.从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词用单数。
Whentoleave_____(be)notbeendecided.
WatchingTVtoomuch_____(be)badforyoureyes.
Whentoleave_____(be)notbeendecided.
WatchingTVtoomuch_____(be)badforyoureyes.
注：如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句，谓语动词常用复数。
Whathesaidandwhathedid_____(be)alwaysdifferentlastnight.
由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
WhatIwanttosay_____(be)just“Takecare!”.
6.“…+(of)+名词”作主语时，若“of”后的名词为单数（不可数名词），则谓语动词用单数，如果名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数，
如：halfof,someof,anyof,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,aquarterof,athirdof,30%of。
Mostofthewaterhere______(be)clean.
80%cotton______have)beensenttoAmerica.80%
Halfoftheapples______(be)red.
7.词组“anumberof”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数；“thenumberof”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Anumberofancientbuildings_____(be)destroyedinthewar.
Thenumberofthevisitors_____(have)decreasedthisyear.
5.英语的集体名词（family,public,group,team,class等词），指代“整体”时为单数；指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。
Myfamily____(be)verypoorwhenIwasalittlegirl
Myfamily______(be)alllookingforwardforyourcoming.
8.every+….andevery+…..或each+…andeach+…作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Everymanandeverywoman_____(be)busyatworking.
9.英语句中的each，either，neither等词，作代词充当主语，修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Neitherofus_____(have)beenabroad.Neitheranswer_____(be)wrong.
10.由some,anyevery,no构成的复合词（somebody，nobody，everything，anything等）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Somebody______(be)waitingforyouattheschoolgate.
11.成双成对出现的复数名词（glasses，shoes，trousers，pants，gloves等）作主语时，通常谓语动词用复数，但前面有a/thepairof；a/thesuitof等词语时，则谓语动词要与量词（pair,suit,piece）在单复数上保持一致。
Apairofscissors_______(be)usefultoolforadressmaker.
Twopiecesofpaper______(be)onthedesk.
12.以复数形式出现，却表示单数意义（maths,physics,news…）谓语用单数。
Maths_____(be)myfavoritesubject.
13.“the+形容词（old/young/rich/poor）”表示“一类人”，作主语时，谓语用复数。
Theyoung______(like)listeningtopopularsongs.
14.“the+姓氏的复数”表示“某某夫妇，某某一家人”，作主语时，谓语用复数。
TheGreens_______(be)havinglunchnow.
15.当主语与谓语动词之间插入alongwith，with，aswellas，togetherwith，besides，except，but，including等短语时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。
Ialongwithmysister_____(be)goingtoShanghainextmonth.
16.表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数。
10minutesisenough.
17.加减乘除等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。
2and3______5.
18.“the+姓氏名词的复数”表示“一家人、….夫妇”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
TheBlacks______(enjoy)workinginChina.
19由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同
一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单
数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。
Thewriterandteachercoming.那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)
Thewriterandtheteachercoming.作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
()1There______beafashionshowinourtowntomorrow.
A．aregoingtoB.willhaveC.hasD.isgoingto
()2Doingexercise____goodforyourhealth.
A.beB.amC.isD.are
()3NeitherhenorI__________fromCanada.WearefromAustralia.
A.isB.areC.amD.be
()3.Anumberoftourists________Yangzhoumanytimesbecauseitissuchabeautifulcity.
A.havebeentoB.hasbeentoC.hasgonetoD.havegoneto
()4NowthenumberofChinesepeople_____workingAfricamorethanonemillion.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
()5.NotonlymyfriendsbutalsoI_______interestedinfootballandMessiisourfavoritestar.
A.beB.amC.isD.are
()6.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn____therewhenthemeetingbegan.
A.areB.isC.wereD.was
()7.NeitherKatenorhercousins______toAmerica,but______ofthemhaveknownthecountryverywell.
A.havebeen;allB.havegone;bothC.hasbeen;all
()8There_____adictionaryandtwopensonthedesk.
A.amB.isC.are
()9.—Maths____myfavouritesubject,whataboutyou?—Physics_____.Ithinkitsveryinteresting．
A.is：isB.are;areC.are；is
()10.Inourschoollibrarythere_____anumberofbooksonscience,andintheseyearsthenumberofthem_____growinglargerandlarger.
A.are;isB.is;areC.have;areD.has;is
()11NeithermysisternorI_____beentoAmericabefore.
A.haveeverB.haveneverC.haseverD.hasnever.
()12Neitherofthebooks____interesting.Iwon’tbuyofthem_____..
A.is;eitherB.are;neitherC.is;any
()13There___stillsomeapplejuiceinthefridge.It’snotnecessaryforustogotothesupermarketnow.
A.wasB.wereC.isD.are
()14Howtimeflies!Wellgraduate.Threeyearsreally____shorttime.
A.wasB.areC.is
()15.Doyouthinkthere_____robotsinPeople’shomesinthefuture?
A.willbeB.willisC.bewill
()16There______somemilk,twoapplesandabottleofjuiceinthefridge.
A.isB.areC.have
()17NobodyexceptTomandMary_______intheclassroom.The
studentsarewatchingthebasketballgameontheplaygroundnow.
A.amB.isC.are
()18—Icalledyouat5:00yesterdayafternoon,butnooneanswered.
—Sorry,Iwithmyparents_______atthattime.
A.wasshoppingB.wereshoppingC.areshoppingD.wentshopping
jAB88.CoM
精选阅读
2017年中考英语二轮专题复习材料语法专题-连词
中考考点八：连词
连词是连接词、短语、从句语句子的词，它是虚词，所以不能单独担任句子成分。
连词的分类：连词主要分为两大类：并列连词和从属连词。
知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
一．并列连词
并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组或从句。常见的连词有
and,but,or,so,both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等。
1.and表示递进,因果或承接关系:
1).and表示“和、且”在肯定句中连接并列的成分。Heislaughingandtalking.
2).祈使句+and……,“and”表示“那么”之意。=If……
Studyhard,andyouwillsucceed.=__________studyhard,youwillsucceed.
3).adj/adv+and+adj/adv表示“渐渐”。
Hemakesmistakesagainandagain.
2.but
表示转折关系的连词，意为“但是”Heispoor,buthonest.
3.or
1).or有“或”的意思，表示一种选择Wouldyouliketeaorwater?
2).“祈使句……,or…”or表示否则。=If…not…,……..
Studyhard,oryouwillfail.=_____you_____studyhard,youwillfail.
3).or用在否定句中表示并列关系。Hecan’treadorwrite.
4.both
1).both“两者都”,后面的名词、动词都用复数。Boththeanswersareright.
2).bothof….Bothofusarestudents.
3).both…and…Bothyouandsheareright.
5.either/either…or
1).either“两者当中任何一个”,后有of时接名词的复数形式，无of时接单数名词，动词用单数形式。
Youmayweareitherofthehats.
2).either…or…“不是……就是……,或者
……或者…….”动词与临近的主语保持一致。即“就近原则”.
Eitheryouorhehastogo=Eitherheoryouhavetogo.
6.neither/neither…nor…
1).neither“两者当中都不”,后有of时接名词的复数形式，无of时接单数名词，动词用单数形式。
Neitheroftheanswers______(be)right.
2).neither….nor…“既不…….也不……”动词与临近的主语保持一致。即“就近原则”.
NeitheryounorIamright.=NeitherInoryouareright.
比较:both…and…,either…or…,neither…nor…的相互关系:
肯定句:1.IlikebothAandB.
否定句:2.Idon’tlikebothAandB.=IlikeeitherAorB.
否定句:3.Idon’tlikeeitherAorB.=IlikeneitherAnorB.
7.“Notonly…butalso…”
1).Notonlyyoubutalsoyourfatheriscoming.(连接两个名词或代词做主语时谓语动词依照后面的词而定)
2).ShelearnsnotonlyEnglishbutalsoJapanese.
二．从属连词
从属连词是引导从句的连词。
1.引导宾语从句的连词
1）.that连接由陈述句转变而来的宾语从句。
2).who,whom,what,which,whose,when,where,why,how连接由特殊疑问句转变而来的宾语从句。
3).if/whether连接由一般疑问句转变而来的宾语从句。
2.引导状语从句的连词
1).时间状语从句：when,before,after,until,assoonas，bythetime，themoment，
2).条件状语从句：if,unless
3).原因状语从句：because，as，since
4).方式状语从句：as，asif，asthough
5).结果状语从句：so…that…,such…that…
6).让步状语从句：though/although
7).目的状语从句：sothat
8）地点状语从句：where，wherever
9）比较状语从句：thanas…as
注意：
主将从现的规则用于：
条件，时间状语从句中如下：
主语+willdoif
When
Assoonas主语+一般现在时的相应谓语动词形式
Before
After
3.不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词。
1).because,so不能同时出现在一个句子里，只用其中之一。
Becauseinourschoolknewhim,sowehadnotroubleinfindinghim.
2).though/although,but不能同时出现在一个句子里，只用其中之一。但though可以与yet，still同时出现在一个句子中。
ThoughAustraliaisverylarge,butthepopulationisquitesmall.
4.必须用whether的情况。
1).discuss和介词后的宾语从句用whether.
Wearediscussing____we’llholdameeting.I’mworriedabout___shecancometothemeeting
2).和不定式、ornot连用必须用whether.
Idon’tknow______toleaveornot.Iamnotsure________theywillattendthemeeting.
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
()1．Whichisbigger,thesun_________themoon?
A.orB.andC.butD.so
()2.Hurryup,__________wewillmissthetrain.
A.butB.andC.orD.so
()3.Hehurther_________badly_______shehadtoseeadoctor.
A.too,thatB.so,thatC.either,orD.too,to
()4.Lookout!Thetrafficismovingfast.Its________dangerous________crossthestreet.
A.very,toB.so,toC.much,toD.too,to
()5.Its_______far_______walkhomefromhere.Letstakeabus.
A.so,thatB.too,toC.enough,toD.such,that
()6."WhydidntNickcometoschoolyesterday?""_______hewasill."
A.AfterB.WhereC.WhenD.Because
()7.Johnfellasleep_________hewaslisteningtothemusic.
A.afterB.beforeC.whileD.assoonas
()8."Iwontgotothepartytomorrow.""__________youtoldmeyouwould.Whatshappening?"
A.ButB.SoC.AndD.Or
()9.Stopcuttingtrees,________theearthwillbecomeworseandworse.
A.andB.thenC.butD.or
()10."Becareful!Dontbreakthebottles.Doyouhear_______Isaid,David?"
"Yes,mum."
A.WhatB.thatC.howD.if
()11.MrSmithcomesfromAustralia,buthehasworkedinChinaforfiveyears.Soyoucantalkwithhim______________.
A.eitherinEnglishorinChineseB.notinChinesebutinEnglish
C.justinEnglish,notinChineseD.neitherinChinesenorinEnglish
()12.Ican________swim_______skate.Willyoupleaseteachme?
A.either…orB.notonly…butalsoC.both…andD.neither…nor
()13.WhenIgotthenewsthattheshipwouldsink,Iwas_________frightened________mylegscouldntmoveforward.
A.so,thatB.very,thatC.too,thatD.too,to
()14.Sheboughtadigitalcameraonline__________shesavedalotoftime.
A,sothatB.assoonasC.nomatterD.suchthat
()15.Beijinghas________manybusesthatthereisoftenatrafficjaminrushhours,
A.soB.veryC.tooD.much
()16.Hurryup,________youwillmissthetrain.Itsleavingintenminutes.
A.andB.soC.howeverD.or
()17.Notonlyhisparentsbutalsohisbrother________totheSummerPalace.Theyhavent
beenback.
A.havebeenB.havegoneC.hasbeenD.hasgone
()18.Youdbetterdoit________yourmotherdid.
A.whenB.asC.likeD.because
()19.______theyarebrothers,theydontlooklikeeachotheratall.
A.BecauseB.ThoughC.WhenD.As
()20.---Whendidyouknowthenews?
---Iknewnothingaboutit_________myfriendtoldme.
A.afterB.itC.becauseD.until
1-5ACBDB6-10DCADA11–15ADAAA16-20DDBBD
2014全国各地中考汇编—连词专项
()1.—Icanhardlybelievemyeyes.Isthatyou,Lucy?
—Yes.Ithasbeenalmost20years______weweretogether.
A.sinceB.beforeC.afterD.until
()2.Iwon’tgototomorrow’sparty______Iaminvited.
A.ifB.unlessC.When
()3.Talktoyourteacherandyouwillgethelp______youhaveaproblem.
A.unlessB.ifC.untilD.so
()4.It’sgoingtorain.You’dbettertakeanumbrella_____youmaygetwet.
A.orB.andC.but
()5.Ericarrivedontime,______itwastherushhour.
A.althoughB.becauseC.whileD.unless
()6.Dianaisn’there,______leaveamessageonherdesk.
A.orB.soC.andD.but
()7.He’snotaperfectchild.Hesometimestalksback_______hisparentstalkwith
him.
A.ifB.beforeC.whenD.until
()8.Don’trunintheclassroom,______youmayhurtyourself.
A.andB.orC.butD.so
()9.Theywilllosethegame_______theytrytheirbest.
A.unlessB.onceC.sinceD.after
()10.Hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday________hewasill.
A.becauseB.becauseofC.ifD.so
()11.I’dliketogowithyou,_______I’mtoobusy.
A.orB.andC.soD.but
()12.______LinFenghastoworklate,shealwayswearsasmileonherface.
A.BecauseB.IfC.UntilD.Though5ykj
()13.—Theairpollutionisterrible.—Itwillbeworse_______wetakeactiontoprotecttheenvironment.
A.ifB.unlessC.untilD.when
()14.Theleft-behindkids(留守儿童)can’tseetheirparents_______theparentscome
backhomefromwork.
A.butB.untilC.orD.if
()15.Practicemore,_______you’lldobetterinplayingchess.
A.butB.andC.whenD.after
()16._____hewasverytired,hecontinuedworkinginhisoffice.
A.SinceB.AlthoughC.AssoonasD.Because
()17.Mumsays______Idomyhomeworknow,IcanwatchTVforanhourtonight.
A.ifB.thoughC.becauseD.while
()18.RickhaslearnedalotaboutChineseculture______hecametoChina.
A.beforeB.whenC.untilD.since
()19.______thesunwasnotyetup,manypeoplewerealreadytakingexerciseinthesquare.
A.AsB.IfC.ThoughD.Because
()20.Spendmoretimetalkingwithyourparents,______theymaynotwellunderstandyou.
A.orB.soC.andD.but
()21.I’dliketohaveatry,______Imayfail.
A.sinceB.thoughC.untilD.after
()22.Insummermilkwillquicklygobad_____itisputintoafridge.
A.thoughB.unlessC.becauseD.once
()23.Fatherwon’tallowmetoplayoutside_______Iwashupthedishes.
A.ifnotB.ifC.unlessD.because
()24.Lauraopenedthedoorandrushedintotherain_______Icouldstopher.
A.untilB.afterC.beforeD.unless
()25.Itisbettertotravel10,000miles_______toread10,000books.
A.asB.butC.norD.than
()26.Readthisarticle,_______youwillunderstandthatnoteverythingcanbebought
withmoney.
A.orB.andC.butD.so
()27.Itwasrainingheavily,_____wedecidedtostayathomeandwatchTV.
A.butB.orC.becauseD.so
()28.Whichdoyouprefertousetocommunicationwithyourfriends,QQ______
MSN?
A.andB.norC.orD.so
()29._______jeanswereinventedover100yearsago,they’restillinfashiontoday.
A.BecauseB.IfC.AlthoughD.Since
()30.—IreallyenjoyChinesefood!
—Me,too.Mymouthwaswatering_______IwatchedtheTVprogramABiteof
China.
A.whenB.beforeC.sinceD.after
()31.Theoldlibrarywillclosesoon______peoplecangivesomemoneytosupportit.
A.ifB.unlessC.becauseD.if
()32.—Excuseme.Isitmyturnnow?—Notyet.Pleasewaitonthechair_______yournameiscalled.
A.andB.untilC.althoughD.since
()33.Goodfriendsarelikestars.Youdon’talwaysseethe,______youknowtheyarethere.
A.asB.butC.forD.then
()34.Mymotherpreferstotakeabustoheroffice______shehasacarofherown.
A.ifB.becauseC.althoughD.until
()35.Yourdreamwillcometrue______youputyourheartandsoulintoit.
A.ifB.unlessC.althoughD.until
()36.Whynotlookupthenewwordinthedictionary______youdon’tknowit?
A.ifB.thatC.thoughD.whether
()37.Theteacheraskedmetoreadaloud_______allthestudentscouldhearme.XKb1.Com
A.sothatB.forC.becauseD.inorderto—Areyougoingout,Mike?It’sreallylatenow.
()38.—It’sthelastdaytobuyticketstothe2014FIFAWorldCupinBrazil,_______Imustgonow.
A.ifB.orC.soD.through
()39.—Whenwillyoureturnthebooktome?—I’llgiveittoyou_______Ifinishit.
A.onceB.untilC.assoonasD.unless
()40.—Wouldyouliketohavedinnerwithme?—I’dlove,_______I’mtoobusynow.
A.andB.orC.butD.so
参考答案
1-5ABBAA6-10BCBAA11-15DDBBB16-20BADCA21-25BBCCD26-30BDCCA
31-35BBBCA36-40AACCC
2017年中考英语二轮专题复习材料语法专题-名词
初中英语语法专项
第一部分：词法
中考专题一名词
中考中名词考点主要集中在：名词的可数与不可数；名词所有格；名词作定语；名词词语意义辨析等。
一、名词的分类
名
词类别意义例词
专有名词表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称Jim,China,Qingdao,theUK,theGreatWall
普通名词可
数
名
词个体名词表示单个人的人或事物girl,student,factory,desk,cat,country
集合名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称people,police,team,clothes,group,crew
不
可
数
名
词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质water,ice,pork,cheese,cotton,broccoli
抽象名词表示抽象概念的词fun,healthy,happiness,courage,love,care
注：1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。
2、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”，但它不大写。
3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词，而且意义上也有了变化。
eg.beer----abeer一杯啤酒，work---awork工厂，著作，glass---aglass一个玻璃杯，room空间---aroom一个房间
4.German—Germans,human—humans(man在词中不是后缀)
二、名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。
1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加“a或an”；复数形式是在名词后加“-s或-es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化及其读音可依照下表：
当名词为：词尾变化读音例词
一般情况加s在清辅音后读/s/chips,jeeps,pats,clocks
在浊辅音或元音后读/z/boys,sharpeners,sofas,drawers
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词加es/iz/watches,boxes,classes,brushes
以字母o结尾的单词加s或es/z/zoos,photos,bamboos,
tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,
以辅音字母+y结尾的单词去y变i加es/z/dictionaries,strawberries,
以f或fe结尾的单词去f或fe变v加es/vz/leaves,wives,halves
以th结尾的词加s/z/;/θz/mouths,paths;months,deaths
2.可数名词复数的不规则变化
①改变单数名词中的元音字母
eg.man--men,woman—women,tooth—teeth,foot—feet,goose—geese,mouse--mice
②单复数同形eg.Chinese-Chinese,deer-deer,fish-fish,sheep-sheep,…
③由man和woman构成的合成词,每个名词都要变复数
eg.amandoctor—mendoctors,awomanteacher--womenteachers
注意:有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式
eg.trousers,clothes,glasses,shorts,scissors,etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数,
实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数).eg.maths,phyiscs,politics,news
3.不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。1).不能直接用数字表数量2).不能直接加a或an3).没有复数形式4).可用some、any、lotsof、plentyof、much修饰5).可用“量词短语”表示
不可数名词一般只有单数形式,但有其特殊用法:
(1)同一个词,变成复数形式,意义不同。eg.food食物---foods各种食物，
time时间---times时代，green绿色---greens青菜
(2)有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物
eg.hope---hopes希望hardship---hardships艰苦
(3)物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示
eg.acupoftea,sevenpiecesofbread,severalbagsofrice,…
（4）有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。
eg：fruit水果——fruits表示不同种类的水果；food食物——foods各种食品；fish鱼——fishes鱼的种类；drink饮料、酒——adrink一杯／一份饮料、一杯酒；cloth布——,acloth桌布、抹布；sand沙——sands沙滩；tea茶——atea一杯茶；chicken鸡肉——achicken小鸡；orange橘汁——anorange橘子；glass玻璃——aglass玻璃杯,glasses眼镜；paper纸——apaper试卷、论文；wood木头——awood小森林；room空间、余地——aroom房间
三、名词的所有格
名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式,一种是在名词后+’s；另一种是用of,表示“……的”。
1.’s所有格。
1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，这时只在最后一个名词后加“’s.”
Thisis____________________(MaryandLily)bedroom.
2).1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时，这时分别在每个名词后加“’s.”
Theseare________________(TomandJack)schoolbags.
3).以s结尾的名词，变所有格时在s后加“’”,不以s结尾的复数名词，仍加“’s”
Teachers’DayChildren’sDay
4).表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加’s代表全称。
atthedoctor’sattheBob’s
5).由some、any、no、every与one、body结合的复合不定代词something、anything等和else连用时，所有格应加在else的后面。
Thisis_________________(somebodyelse)pencil.
6).表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可在词尾加’s来构成所有格。
anhour’sridetwoweeks’timeChina’scapital
2.of所有格：
1).of用来表示无生命的名词所有格。
themapofChinathedooroftheroom
2).双重所有格：
of+名词所有格of+名词性的物住代词
Heisafriendofmy_________(brother).Issheadaughterof__________(you)?
四、名词作句子成分：
1.名词作主语时的主谓一致
1).表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Twohours________(be)enoughforustogetthere.
2).量词短语“数字+量词+of+…”作主语时，谓语动词应与量词保持一致。
Apairofshoes_______(be)underthebed.
Twopiecesofpaper_______(be)onthedesk.
3).名词+介词（with,togetherwith,aswellas,like,but,except…….）+名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致。
Theteacherwiththestudents_________(be)plantingtreesonthehill.
4).短语“neither…nor…、either…or…、notonly…butalso…”连接主语时，谓语动词实行就近原则。
NeitherhenorI______(be)aFrenchman.
5).复数形式单数内容的名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式.
Thenewsissurprising.
Mathsisanimportantsubject.
6).单数形式复数内容的名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式.
Thepolicehavecaughtthethief.
Thepeoplethereareverykind.
7).一些集体名词如family,class,team等作主语时,若强调整体,谓语动词用单数形式,若强调个体,谓语动词用复数形式.
Hisfamilyisnotalargeone.他家不是个大家庭。
HerfamilyarewatchingTV.他全家人在看电视。
Theteamisplayingverywell.这个队打得很出色。
Theteamareallfamousplayersinourcountry.全体队员都是我国有名的运动员。
8).由and连接两个或两个以上的名词作主语时,如表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式.若表示个体概念,谓语动词用复数形式.
Myoldfriendandclassmatehasjustcomebackfromabroad.我的老校友刚从国外回来.
ThesingeranddanceristoattendourEnglishevening.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家将参加我们的英语晚会.
9).“Thenumberof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
“Anumberof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
2.名词作定语：
1).名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。Thereisashoefactoryneartheschool.
2).名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式。(sport)
Thesportsmeetingwillbeheldnextweek.
3).man、woman作定语表示性别时，man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变。
onemanteachertwowomenteachers
举一反三，学的更轻松！
1.()1Shewasveryhappy.Sheinthemathstest.
A.makesafewmistakeB.madeafewmistakesC.madefewmistakesD.makesfewmistake
()2Weneedsomemore____.Canyougoandgetsome,please?
A.potatoB.potatosC.potatoesD.potatoe
()3_____are____forcuttingthings.
A.Knife/usedB.Knives/usedC.Knife/usingD.Knives/using
()4Whatbig____thetigerhas!
A.toothB.teethC.toothsD.toothes
()5Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree___.
A.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave
()6-Canwehavesome___?
-Yes,please.
A.bananaB.orangesC.appleD.pear
2.()1Theygotmuch___fromthosenewbooks.
A.ideasB.photosC.informationD.stories
()2Hegaveus____onhowtokeepfit.
A.someadvicesB.someadviceC.anadviceD.aadvice
()3Whenwesawhisface,weknew___wasbad.
A.somenewsB.anewsC.thenewsD.news
()4What___lovelyweatheritis!
A./B.theC.anD.a
3.()1-Wouldyoulike___tea?
-No,thanks.Ihavedrunktwo____.
A.any,bottlesoforangeB.some,bottlesoforange
C.many,bottlesoforangesD.few,bottleoforanges
()2Heishungry.Givehim___toeat.
A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbreadC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads
()3Itreallytookhim:___todrawthenicehorse.
A.sometimesB.hourC.longtimeD.sometime
()4Iwouldliketohave___.
A.twoglassesofmilkB.twoglassofmilkIC.twoglassesofmilksD.twoglassofmilks
()5Canyougiveme____?
A.ateaB.somecupofteaC.acupteaD.acupoftea
()6Pleasegiveme___paper.A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof
()7Johnbought___forhimselfyesterday.
A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes
4.()1-Howmany____haveyougotonyourfarm?-Ivegotfive.
A.sheepsB.sheepC.pigD.chicken
()2Some___cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.
A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies
()3.Agroupof______willvisitthemuseumtomorrow.
A.HungarianB.AustralianC.JapaneseD.American
5.()1Thistableismadeof___.
A.manyglassB.glassesC.someglassesD.glass
()2-Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?-Idlike____.!
A.chickenB.achickenC.chickensD.thechicken
()3Childrenshouldmake____foroldpeopleinabus.
A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.theroom
6.()1Tablesaremadeof___.
A.woodB.somewoodsC.woodenD.woods
()2Iwonderwhy______aresointerestedinaction(武打片)films.
A.peopleB.peoplesC.thepeopleD.thepeoples
()3Ihaveread____oftheyoungwriter.
A.worksB.workC.thisworksD.theworks
7.()1Letsmeetat7:30outsidethegateof___?
A.thePeoplesParkB.thePeoplesParkC.thePeopleParkD.PeoplesPark
()2___Chinesepeopleare___hardworkingpeople.
A./;aB.We;theC.The;theD.The;a
()3Howmanywerethereinthestreetwhentheaccidenthappened?
A.policemanB.policesC.policeD.peoples
8.()1Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller____.
A.setB.oneC.pieceD.pair
()2LastweekIboughtaTV____.
A.pair.B.setC.pieceD.block
()3Thereisa_____ofwoodleftontheground.
A.cupB.pieceC.boxD.pair
9.()1Therearesixty-seven___inourschool.
A.womensteacherB.womenteachersC.womanteachersD.womenteacher
()2Therearefive___inourfactory.
A.womandriverB,womendriverC.womandriversD.womendrivers
10.()1Theywritemostoftheir___inEnglish.
A.businessletterB.businesslettersC.businessesD.businessesletters
()2Wecametoa___atlast.andwentin.
A.watchshopB.watchesshopC.watchingshopD.watchsshop
()3Thisshopsellsapples,bananasandthingslikethese.Itsa___.
A.foodshopB.bookshopC.fruitshopD.vegetableshop
()4Shebrokea___whileshewaswashingup.
A.glassofwineB.glassforwineC.glasswineD.wineglass
()5Iveforgottenbothofthe____.
A.roomnumbers.B.roomsnumberC.roomsnumbersD.roomnumber
11.()1.September10this____inChina.
A.TeachersDayB.TeachersDayC.TeacherDayD.TeachersDay
()2-Isthebroomunder____desk?-No,itsunder____.
A.theteachers;myB.teachers;mineC.teachers;meD.theteachers;mine
()3Excuseme,whereisthe___?
A.mensroomB.mensroomC.mensroomsD.menrooms
12.()1Thefootballunderthebedis____.
A.LilyandLucyB.LilysandLucysC.LilysandLucyD.LilyandLucys
()2Thisismy____dictionary.
A.sisterMaryB.sistersC.sister,MarysD.sistersMarys
()3Hewentto___shoptobuyashirt.
A.atailorB.thetailorC.atailorsD.thetailors
()4Joanis____.
A.MarysandJacksisterB.MaryandJackssister
C.MaryandJacksisterD.MarysandJackssister
13.()1Inafew____time,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees.
A.yearB.yearsC.yearsD.years
()2Itsabout___walkfrommyhouse.
A.tenminuteB.tenminutesC.tenminutesD.tenminutes
()3Thepostofficeisabitfarfromhere.Itsabout_____.
A.thirtyminutesswalkB.thirtyminuteswalk
C.thirtyminuteswalkD.thirtyminuteswalk
()4Half___telephonecallsaremadeinEnglish.
A.theworldB.worldC.theworldsD.worlds
14.()1____facetothesouth.
A.WindowsoftheroomB.Thewindowsoftheroom
C.TheroomswindowsD.Thewindowsinroom
()2Pleasetaketwo___.
A.pictureoftheparkB.picturesoftheparkC.thepicturesofaparkD.pictureofapark
()3Theworkersarerepairing____.
A.theroofofthehouseB.aroofofthehouseC.roofofthehouseD.thisroofofhouse
15.()1MissSmithisafriendof____.
A.MarysmothersB.MarysmotherC.mothersofMaryD.Marymothers
()2Thisisabookof___.
A.TomB.TomsC.herD.him
()3Thepostcardissentby____.
A.afriendofmyfatherB.afriendofmyfathersC.myfatherfriendD.myfatherfriends
参考答案：
1.1-7CCBBBBC2.1-4CBCA3.1-7BCDADDA4.1-4BAAC5.1-3DAA6.1-3AAD
7.1-3ADC8.1-3DBB9.1-3BDB10.1-5BACDA11.1-3BDA12.1-4DCCB
13.1-4BBCC14.1-3BBA15.1-3ABB
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
（）1.Theygotmuch_____fromthosenewbooks.
A.ideasB.photosC.newsD.stories
（）2.Ihavetwo_______andthreebottlesof_________here.
A.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orangeD.orange,oranges
（）3.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_________tohishome.
A.25minutes’walkB.25minute’swalkC.25minutewalkD.25minuteswalk
（）4.Anold_______wantstoseeyou.
A.peopleB.personC.thepeopleD.theperson
（）5.Helpyourselfto__________.
A.chickensandapplesB.chickensandappleC.chickenandappleD.chickenandapples
（）6.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_________.
A.room’snumberB.rooms’numberC.roomnumbersD.rooms’numbers
（）7.ShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersecond_________.
A.familyB.houseC.homeD.room
（）8.________motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.
A.MaryandPeter’sB.MaryandPeterC.Mary’sandPeterD.Mary’sandPeter’s
（）9.LiLeihasbeento__________manytimesthismonth.
A.heruncleB.heruncle’sC.herunclesD.aunt’s
（）10.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn’t________inteaching.
A.manyexperiencesB.muchexperienceC.anexperienceD.alotexperience
（）11.Aclassmateof_________washeretenminutesago.
A.youB.yourC.yoursisterD.yoursister’s
（）12.Agroupof_________aretalkingwithtwo___________.
A.Frenchmen,GermansB.Germans,Frenchmans
C.Frenchmans,GermenD.Germen,Frenchmen
（）13.Theteam________havingameeting.
A.isB.areC.amD.be
（）14.“Wouldyoulike_________?”“________,please.”
A.drink,ThreecoffeesB.acupofdrink,Coffees
C.adrink,AcoffeeD.adrink,Threecupsofcoffees
（）15.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby_______,butalsothefleshandbloodof________men.
A.earthandstone,millionsofB.earthsandstones,millions
C.theearthandstone,millionofD.theearthsandstones,millions
（）16．Lastnight,therewasafoodaccident.The_______wereill,butno_______werelost.
A.child,livesB.children,lifeC.children,livesD.child,life
（）17.---Thisisaphotoof_________whentheywereyoung.
---OK,howhappytheybothlooked!
A.myfatherandmotherB.mymotherandfathers
C.mymothersandfathersD.myfathersandmymother
（）18.Thenewstudentisin__________,GradeTwo.
A.ClassThirdB.ThirdClassC.ClassThreeD.Threeclass
（）19.TodayisSeptember10th.Its__________Day.Letsgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.
A.TeachersB.TeachersC.theTeachersD.Teachers
（）20.Themarketisntfarfromhere.Itsonly_________bicycleride.
A.halfanhoursB.halfanhoursC.halfanhourD.anhourandahalf
（）21.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?
---_________,please.
A.TwocupofcoffeeB.TwocupsofcoffeC.TwocupsofcoffeeD.Twocupsofcoffees
（）22.DuringChristmas,peoplegettogetherandsingChristmassongsfor_________.
A.funB.wishesC.interestD.thanks
（）23.Some_________areflyingkitesneartheriver.
A.childB.boyC.boysD.childs
（）24.Aftertheexam,wellhave________holiday.
A.twoweeksB.two-weeksC.twoweeksD.twoweeks
（）25.Theyarethose_________bags.Pleaseputthemonthebus.
A.visitorB.visitorsC.visitorsD.visitors
（）26.---Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?
---Therearetwo___________.
A.hundredsB.hundredC.hundredofD.hundredsof
（）27.---Whatdoyouthinkofthe_______theMoonlightSonatabyBeethoven?
---Itsoundsreallywonderful.
A.subjectB.musicC.bookD.animal
（）28.Thereisnotenough_________inthecornerforthefridge.
A.placeB.roomC.fieldD.ground
（）29._________comesfromsheepandsomepeoplelikeeatingit
A.WoolB.PorkC.MuttonD.Milk
（）30.Ifyoudonttakemore________,youllgetfat.
A.medicineB.lessonsC.photosD.exercise
（）31.Myschoolisabouttwenty________walkfromhere.
A.minuteB.minutesC.minutessD.minutes
（）32.Mum,Ihave_______totellyou!
A.agoodnewsB.somegoodnewsC.somegoodnewesD.muchgoodnews
（）33.Whichisthe________tothepostoffice?
A.streetB.wayC.roadD.address
（）34.Istayedat________lastSunday.
A.myunclesB.myunclesC.myunclesD.myunclesfamily
（）35.Maths________noteasytolearn.
A.areB.isC.amD.were
2017年中考英语二轮专题复习材料语法专题-冠词
中考专题二冠词
冠词分为不定冠词(a,an)和定冠词(the)
考查重点
冠词的考查重点包括不定冠词a和an的用法，定冠词the的用法和零冠词的用法等。
一.a和an的区别
不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。
例如：aboy,auniversity,aEuropeancountry;anhour,anhonor,anisland,anelephant,anumbrella,anhonestman,ausefulbook
不看字母看读音,不见原因(元音)别施恩(n)
注意以“U”开头的单词。如果发字母u本身的音/ju：/，前面加a.如.ausefulbook,auniversity,.ausualchair；如果发以外的音，前面加an：如anunusualchair,anunimportant,anumbrella,
二.不定冠词的用法
1.泛指某一类人、事或物；相当于any，这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。Ahorstisananimal
2.泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。Agirliswaitingforyou.
3.表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。Ihaveacomputer.
4.表示“每一”，相当于every.Igotoschoolfivedaysaweek.我一周上五天课。
5.用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。Ihavethreebooks.Iwanttobuyafourthone.
6.用在某些固定词组中：
alot(of),afterawhile,afew,alittle,atatime,haveaswim,haveacold,inahurry,foralongtime,haveagoodtime,havealook
三.定冠词的用法
1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法。Thebookonthedeskismine
2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。Openthewindow,please.
3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。Ihaveacar.Thecarisred.
4.指世界上独一无二的事物。Whichisbigger,thesunortheearth?
5.用在序数词，形容词最高级前。Thefirstlessonistheeasiestoneinthisbook.
6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。theGreatWall长城，theUnitedStates美国
7.用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。thepoor穷人,theblind盲人
8用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。theGreens格林一家或格林夫妻俩
9.用在方位词前。ontheleft在左边，inthemiddleof在中间
10.用在乐器名称前。Sheplaysthepianoeveryday.
11.用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前。theBlackSea黑海，theYangziRiver长江
12.用在某些固定词组中：
allthesame仍然；allthetime一直；atthemoment此刻；atthesametime同时；bytheway顺便说；dotheshopping/washing买东西/洗衣服；inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上；intheopenair在户外，
四.零冠词的用法
1.棋类,球类,一日三餐名词前不用任何冠词playchessplayfootballhavesupper
特例：当football，basketball指具体的某个球时，其前可以用冠词：Icanseeafootball.我可以看到一只足球。Where’sthefootball？那只足球在哪儿？(指足球，并非“球类运动”)
2.季节,月份,星期,节假日名词前不用任何冠词.inJulyinsummeronMondayonTeachers’Day
3.人名,地名,国家名前不加冠词BeijingisthecapitalofChina
4.学科,语言,称呼,语职务名词前不用冠词Mathishardtolearn
5.复数名词表示类别时不加冠词TheyareworkersIlikeeatingapples
6.名词前已有物主代词(my，your，his，her等)、指示代词(this/these，that/those)、不定代词(some，any等)及所有格限制时,不用冠词
mybook(正)；mythebook(误)
7.在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，学校等之前。No.25MiddleSchool
五.用与不用冠词的差异
inhospital住院/inthehospital在医院里
infrontof在…(外部的)前面/inthefrontof在…(内部的)前面
attable进餐/atthetable在桌子旁
bysea乘船/bythesea在海边
gotoschool(church…)上学(做礼拜…)/gototheschool(church…)到学校(教堂…)去
twoofus我们当中的两人/thetwoofus我们两人(共计两人)
nextyear明年/thenextyear第二年
ateacherandwriter一位教师兼作家(一个人)
/ateacherandawriter一位教师和一位作家(两个人)
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
()1.—Who’sthatgirl?
—Youmean______onewithlongblondhair?ThatsJack’sdaughter.
A.aB.anC.theD.不填
()2.—Becareful!Thereis_____doglyingontheground.—Thanksalot.
A.aB.anC.theD./
()3.Victorcanplay______piano.Hecanjointhemusicclub.
A.aB.anC.the
()4______GreensarepreparingforthecomingThanksgivingDay.
A./B.AC.AnD.The
()5.-----What___________badweatheritistoday!
-------Yes,_____________weathermakesmesosad.
A.a;aB./;theC.an;theD.the;a
()6.—_____isyourmother?—Sheis_____Englishteacher.
A.Who;theB.What;/C.What;anD.Who;a
()721.Billlikesplaying_____basketball,buthedoesn’tlikeplaying_____piano.
A.the,theB./,theC.the,/
()8______girlwhowillperformatthepartytomorrowcomesfrom______Europeancountry.
A.The;aB.A;theC.The;an
()9._______newbridagehasbeenbuiltover______ChangjiangRiverinHuangshi.
A.The;aB.A;theC.A;D.An;the
()10–Peoplecan’tlivewithout______water.---Yes,Ithinkso.
A.aB.anC.theD.不填
()11.―Whatdoyouwanttobeinthefuture,John?
―Iwanttobe_____fashiondesigner.Itis______amazingjob.
A.a;theB.an;aC.a;anD.an;the
()12.-Tina,areyougoingtoplay____chessonSchoolDay?
-Yes,andI’llalsoplay____-violinthatafternoon.
A.the;theB.the;/C./;theD./;/
()13.Thereis_____oldbridgenearmyhouse.
A.aB.anC.the
()14.Thissummer,I’mgoingtovisitGreatwall.
A.a.B。anC.theD./
()15.Inordertofind______betterjob,sheplannedtolearn______secondforeignlanguage.
A.the;aB.a;aC.the;theD.a;the
()16Ioftenhave____-eggandaglassofmilkfor____breakfasteveryday.
A.an;/B.a;/C.an;theD.a;the
()17“Willthecharityshowbesuccess?”Ikeptaskingmyself.
A.aB.anC.theD.不填
()19.IttakesusabouthourtogettotheYangzhou-TaizhouAirportfromYangzhoubybus.
A.an;aB.a;anC.an;/D.a;/
()19.Helenhas____lovelypetdog._____dogiscleverenoughtobringhernewspaperseveryevening.
A.a;AB.the;TheC.a;TheD.the;A
()20.Thereisnolivingthingon_______moon.
A.theB.aC.不填
()21_____GreensarepreparingforthecomingThanksgivingDay.
A./B.AC.AnD.The
()22.—Excuseme,isthisegg?—No,it’scake.
A.an,aB.a,aC.a,anD.an,an
()23_______girlridingabikeis________universitystudent.
A.A,anB.The,anC.A,theD.The,a
()24.—Wouldyoulike_____reddressasabirthdaypresent,Mary?
—Sorry,mom.Iprefer_____orangeone.
A.an;anB.a;aC.an;aD.a;an
()25.—Listen!Someoneisplaying______piano.
—Wow!______beautifulmusic!Ilikeitverymuch
A.a;whatB.an;HowC.the;WhatD./;How
()26.Myhostfamilyistakingmeto______Englishfilmfestivalnextweekend.
A.anB.aC.theD.不填
()27._______15thInternationalFilmFestivalwillbeheldinShanghai.
A.TheB.AnC.AD.
()28.Peeris__________honestboyand_________goodfriendofmine.
A.a;the.B.the;anC.a;anD.an;a
()29—Doyouoftenplay______soccerwithyourfriends?
—No,Idon’tlikesports.Ioftenplay_____pianoinmyfreetime.
A.a,theB.the,/C./,theD.the,a
()321.Lookat_____eraseronthefloor.Whoseisit?
A.aB.anC.theD./
()31.—What____coldweather!
—Yes.Butit’s____unusualexperienceforus,wenormallyliveinahotplace.
A./;aB.a;anC./;anD.a;the
()32.—Whatareyougoingtobeinthefuture?
—Iwanttobe_______actor.
A.aB.anC.the
()33.Thisis______interestingmovieandit’salso______mostinterestingoneI’veeverseen.
A.an;aB.an;theC.a;the
()34.Hurryup!Ifwemiss________lastbus,we’llhavetogethomeby________taxi.
A.a;不填B.the;aC.the;不填D.a;a
()35Mymothercooked______deliciousmeal.After_____meal,wewentshopping.
A.a:不填B.the;不填C.a;theD.an;the
()36.—Whatdoyouthinkof_______filmaboutZhanTianyou?
—It’s__________goodfilm.
A.the;theB.a;theC.the;aD.a;a
()37.Theywanttheirdaughtertogoto_______university,buttheyalsowanthertoget_______summerjob.
A.不填;aB.the;aC.an;aD.a;the
()38—DoyouenjoyyourstnyinChina*Jim?
—Yes.Ivehad______wonderfultime.
A./B.aC.theD.an
()39—Whoseis__penonmydesk?—ItsMarys.
A.aB.anC.theD.不填
()40.-Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup.Darning?
—Well,_____scientistlikeYuanLongping,Ithink.
AtheB.anC.aD.不填
()41.LiNaisoneof_______mostpopularlennisplayersinChina.
.A.aB.anC.theD.不填
