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发表时间:2021-01-11

Unit8虚拟语气。

一名优秀的教师在每次教学前有自己的事先计划,高中教师要准备好教案,这是老师职责的一部分。教案可以让学生更好的吸收课堂上所讲的知识点,帮助授课经验少的高中教师教学。高中教案的内容具体要怎样写呢?为了让您在使用时更加简单方便,下面是小编整理的“Unit8虚拟语气”,欢迎您参考,希望对您有所助益!

虚拟语气

1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法现在事实相反的假设
(1)若表示与,则条件从句中用过去式,主句中用过去将来式(would,should,could,might+动词原形);
(2)若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大,则条件从句中用should+动词原形也可用“wereto+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如:
IwouldcertainlygoifI___________(have)time.(现在)
Ifitshouldrain,wewouldntgoout.(将来)
(3)若表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句中用过去完成式,主句中用过去将来完成式(should,would,could,might+have+过去分词)。如:
IfIhadsetoffalittleearlier,I____________________caughtthetrain.
Shewould/mighthavecomeifshe__________beensobusy.
IfIhadnt___________(take)youradvice,Iwouldhavemadeabadmistake.
(4)含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中,如有had,should,were这三个词的话,在正式或书面语言中可将if省略,再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如:
___________theytime(=Iftheyhadtime),theywouldcertainlycomeandhelpus.
____________itbefine(=Ifitshouldbefine),wewouldgoforanouting.
___________Iyou(=IfIwereyou),Iwouldgo.
(4)若主句从句所指的时间不一致,即条件从句表示与过去事实相反,主句表示与现在事实相反;或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反,主句表真实情况,则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如:
Ifit__________rainedlastnight(过去),Itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).
IfI_____takenyouradvice(过去),Ishouldhavenotroublewiththeworknow(现在).
2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
在动词suggest,order,demand,propose,request,command,insist等后的宾语从句中,用虚拟语气(即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形)来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish/wouldrather后的宾语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如:
Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce.
Thedoctorinsistedthatthepatient(should)beX-rayed.
IwishI____________asstrongasyou.
Iwouldratherthatyou____________toldhim.(没有告诉他)
3.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
在Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural;Itisrequested/suggested/desired/proposed;itisapity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如:
Itisnecessarythathe(should)besentthereatonce.
ItisrequestedthatProfessorLi(___________)giveusaspeech.
Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadybytonight.
4.虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。
在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如:
Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethefirsttogo.
Myadviceisthatwe(____________)sendforDoctorLi.
Doyouknowtheorderthatyou(should)keepwatch?
5.虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法
在asif引导的状语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符;
在sothat,inorderthat引导的状语从句中,常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如:
Theytalkedasifthey__________________friendsforyears.
Shestayedathomeforafewdayssothatshecouldtakecareofhermother.
Hetookataxitothestationsothatsheshouldnotmissthetrain.
6.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法:
在itistime后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟。
It’stimeIwasgoing.
It’stimesomebody___________(teach)youtobehaveyourself.
7.由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气
A.用wish表示对现在的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:过去式(be动词用were)。
B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:would,could,might+动词原形。
C.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时,宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为:had+动词过去分词或could,would+have+动词过去分词。
Iwishthathe__________solazy.
IwishI____________wastedsomuchtime.
Iwishshewouldchangehermind.
8.hadhoped/planned/thought/wanted/intended表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
Ihadthoughthehadbeendeadforatleast20years.
IhadhopedthatshewouldgototheU.S.andstudythere,butshesaid
shelikedtostayinChina.
9.wouldrather.
would(had)rather,wouldassoon,wouldsooner和wouldprefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况,用过去完成时表示过去的情况,表示希望或婉转的责备。例如:
I’dratheryou__________theletterrightaway.我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。
Iwouldpreferhedidn’tstaytheretoolong.我倒希望他不要在那儿呆得太久。
Iwouldjustassoonyouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
10.It’s(high,about)timethat句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式,即动词要用过去式。
It’stimethatsomething____________________(do)aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.
Itishightimethatweputanendtothisdiscussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了
11. 虚拟语气在由某些连词或个词引出的表示条件、目的的状语从句中的使用。常见的这些连词和介词有:
1)unless(除非),provided(倘若),supposing(假若),providing(倘若),onconditionthat(如果),由这些词、词组引出的从句,动词多用过去时。
除非你命令他做,要不他是不会做的。
Hewouldntdoitunlessyouorderedhimto.
假若你有机会出国,你会去哪儿呢?
Providingyouhadtheopportunitytogoabroad,wherewouldyougo?
12.sothat(以便),forfearthat(以免,唯恐),inorderthat(以便),whether(不管),lest(以免),incase(假使),从句中加情态动词,有时should可省略。
他把它藏起来以免她看见。
Hehiditlestshe(should)seeit.
我得准备点啤酒,说不定约翰会来。
IllgetsomebeerincaseJohnshouldcome.
他轻轻地进屋,以免吵醒他的同房。
Heenteredtheroomquietlyinorderthatheshouldnotwakehisroommate.
13.ifonly
如果表示对现在的愿望,句中的谓语动词常用过去式;
如果表示将来的愿望,句中的谓语动词常用would/could+动词原形;
如果表示对过去的愿望,句中的谓语动词常用had+过去分词。
ifonlyI______you!
Ifonlyyou_________comeyesterday!
IfonlyLindacouldgowithustomorrow!
IfonlyIhadsaidmoreaboutit!
onlyif表示"只有";ifonly则表示"如果……就好了"。Ifonly也可用于陈述语气。
Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。
Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung. 当时闹钟响了,就好了。
Ifonlyhecomesearly. 但愿他早点回来。

虚拟语气精练60题
1.Theboyacted____hehadneverlivedinCanadabefore.
A.asthoughB.evenifC.asD.since
2.Ifyouwereoldenough,I____youtogothereyesterday.
A.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowedD.hadallowed
3.Thesecretarysuggestedthatthey____themeninatonce.
A.hadbroughtB.shouldhavebroughtC.broughtD.bring
4.Ifwearrivedheretenminutesearlier,we___thebus.
AshouldhavecatchB.wouldhavecaughtC.hadcaughtD.wouldcatch
5.Donttouchthesleepingtiger.Ifhewokeup,he_____you.
A.wouldattackB.shouldattackC.wouldhaveattackedD.willattack
6.Withoutelectricity,humanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.
A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe
7.HowIwishI____toreapairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse.
A.hadtriedB.hadnttriedC.havetriedD.didnttry
8.Hedemandedthatthelaboratoryreport___immediatelyaftertheexperimentwasdone.
A.waswrittenB.bewrittenC.mustbewrittenD.wouldbewritten
9.IfonlyI_____howtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.
A.hadknownB.wouldknowC.shouldknowD.knew
10.Ifhe___totheteacherattentively,he___theanswertotheproblemnow.
A.hadlistened,wouldhaveknownB.listened,wouldknow
C.listened,wouldhaveknownD.hadlistened,wouldknow
11.Iwouldhavecomeearlier,butI___thatyouwerewaitingforme.
A.didn’tknowB.hadn’tknowC.wouldhaveknownD.haven’tknown
12.ItisreallystrangethatMarry,whoisstillacollegestudnet,___soearly.
A.hasbeenmarriedB.hasmarriedC.bemarriedD.wouldmarry
13.Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents___twoweekstopreparefortheexam.
A.giveB.shouldgiveC.begivenD.wouldbegiven
14.Iwasbusyyesterday,otherwiseI___yourbirthdayparty.
A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended
15.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey___friendsforyears.
A.wereB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen
16.Itisimportantthatyou___acommunicationwithMr.Williansimmediately.
A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhave
17.Itishightimewe___upourresults.
A.sumB.summedC.willsumD.wouldsum
18.Ifthedoctorhadbeenavailable,thechild___.
A.wouldnotdieB.wouldnothavediedC.couldnotdieD.couldnothavedied
19.Ican’tstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe_______everything.
A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.hadknown
20.Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I___himattheairport.
A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmeetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet
21.Kunarcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe___mehow.
A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach
22.Iwouldhavecalledyouupforhelphaditbeenpossible,butI___yourphonenumberthen.
A.hadn’thadB.didn’thaveC.shouldn’thaveD.couldn’thave
23.Ifit___anothertenminutes,thegamewouldhavebeencalledoff.
A.hadrainedB.wouldhadrainedC.haveseenD.didsee
24.Hesuggestedthatthey___useatrickinsteadoffighting.
A.shouldB.wouldC.doD.had
25.“Whydidn’tyoubuyanewcar?”“IwouldhaveboughtoneifI___enoughmoney.”
A.hadB.havehadC.wouldhaveD.hadhad
26.Irecommendedthatthestudent___hiscompositionassoonaspossible.
A.finishingwritingB.shouldfinishthewritingC.finishwritingD.finishedwriting
27.TheBakersarrivedlastnight,ifthey’donlyletusknowearlier,___atthestation.
A.we’dmeetthemB.we’llmeetthemC.we’dhavemetthemD.we’vemetthem
28.Wemighthavefailedifyou___usahelpinghand.
A.havenotgivenB.wouldnotgiveC.hadnotgivenD.didnotgive
29.TheLawrequiresthateveryone___hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.
A.hasB.hadCwillhaveD.have
30ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohn___nomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturnsallthebookshehadborrowed.
A.willtakeB.tookC.takeD.takes
31.Thencameawordfromourbossthatweall___atpresentathisofficerightaway.
A.beB.tobeC.wouldbeD.shallbe
32.---Helencouldn’tgottoFranceafterall.
----That’stoobad,I’msureshewouldhaveenjoyeditif___.
A.she’sgoneB.she’llgoC.she’dgoneD.she’dgo
33Imustgothereearlier.JohnhassuggestedthatI___anhourbeforethediscussionbegins.
A.goB.shallgoC.willgoD.wouldgo
34.Butfortheguidanceofourinstructor(导师),we___intheexperiment.
A.shouldn’tsucceedB.couldnothavesucceed
C.willnotsucceedD.shouldnothavesucceeded
35.Inthepastmengenerallywouldratherthattheirwives______inthehome.
A.workedB.wouldworkC.workD.wereworking
.36.Johndidnotfeelwellyesterday;otherwisehe_______toseehisclassmatesoff.
A.cameB.wouldcomeC.wouldhavecomeD.shouldbecoming
37.It’sabouttimepeople______noticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.
A.takeB.tookC.havetakenD.willtake
38Somepeoplearetooparticularaboutschoolrecords,insistingthateveryapplicant______alldiplomasfromelementaryschooltouniversity.
A.hasB.willhaveC.shouldhaveD.musthave
39.Withoutelectroniccomputers,muchoftoday’sadvancedtechnology_______..
A.willnothavebeenachievedB.havenotbeenachieved
C.wouldnothavebeenachievedD.hadnotbeenachieved
40.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesun________roundtheearth.
A.werecirclingB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling
41.Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,_______asuddenloudnoise.
A.beingthereB.shouldtherebeC.therewasD.therehavingbeen
42._______morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.
A.IfthecaptainwereB.Hadthecaptainbeen
C.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen
43.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI________inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.
A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall
44.Sheinsistedthatshe________illofhimbehindhim,buthedidn’tbelieveit.
A.hadn’tspokenB.shouldn’tspeakC.wouldn’tspeakD.notspeak
45.Shecouldn’thaveansweredthequestionifshe________afewbooksonworldhistory.
A.hadn’treadB.hasn’treadC.wouldn’treadD.didn’tread
46.IwenttothemeetingyesterdaybecauseI_______nothingaboutthediscussionwithoutattendingit.
A.didn’tknowB.wouldknowC.knewD.wouldhaveknown
47.Isn’titabouttimethatyou________topickupthevisitorsfromNewYork?
A.wentB.shouldgoC.goD.willgo
48.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit________.
A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken
49.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe________toyourplan.
A.didn’tagreeB.hadn’tagreedC.wouldn’tagreeD.notagree
50..Theyoungmaninsistedthathe________nothingwrongand________freeimmediately.
A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.haddone;mustbeset
51.Ifyou________toseeMary,whatwouldyoutellher?
AareBwillbegoingChadDwere
52.Ifthewholeoperation____________beforehand,agreatdealoftimeandmoneywouldhavebeenlost.
AwasnotplannedBhasnotbeenplannedChadnotbeenplannedDwerenotplanned
53.IfI__________harderatschool,Iwouldbesittinginacomfortableofficenow.
AhadworkedBworkedCweretoworkDwereworking
54.IwishI____________longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.
AcouldhavesleptBsleptCmighthavesleptDhaveslept
55.“Youareveryselfish.It’shightimeyou_________youarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld,”Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.
AhaverealizedBrealisedCrealizeDshouldrealise
56.IfIhadn’tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you___________now.
Awouldn’tbesmilingBcouldn’thavesmiledCwon’tsmileDdidn’tsmile
57.__________formyillness,Iwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand.
ANotbeingBHaditnotbeenCwithoutbeingDNothavingbeen
58.Wereshetoleaverightnow,she___________thereonSunday.
AhadgotBmighthavegotCwouldgotDhasgot
59.Thechildreninthebackseatmighthavebeenseriouslyinjuredifthedriver________thatthey
wearseatbelts.
Ahasn’tbeeninsistingBhadn’tinsistedCwouldn’tinsistDwasn’tinsisting
60.ifonlyI_________morecarefulthatday!
AcouldbeBwouldhavebeenCshouldbeDhadbeen

相关推荐

高考英语虚拟语气语法讲解


语法讲解:虚拟语气
一、语气的定义和种类
l.语气:语气是动词的一种形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2.语气的种类
(1)陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如:Wearenotready.我们没准备好。Whatafinedayitis!多好的天气啊!
(2)祈使语气:表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如:Openthedoor,please.请打开门。
(3)虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如:IfIwereyou,IshouldstudyEnglish.如果我是你,我就学英语了。Mayyousucceed!祝您成功!
二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句,一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如:Ifitdoesntraintomorrow,wewillgotothepark.如果明天不下雨,我们就去公园。
如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如:Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.如果他昨天见到你,他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你,因此也未能问你这件事。)
在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:
从句主句
与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be的过去式一般用were)would/should/could/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反动词过去式,should+动词原形,wereto+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形
注:主句中的should只用于I、we,但在美国英语中,should常被would代替;从句中的should可用于各种人称。
l.表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如:Ifmybrotherwerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.要是我哥哥在这儿,一切都没问题了。
2.表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如:Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnt(couldnt)havefailedintheexam.如果你按照我的建议去做,你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。
3.表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如:IfitwereSundaytomorrow,Ishould(would,could,might)gotoseemygrandmother.如果明天是星期天,我就(可能)去看望我奶奶。Ifitweretosnowthisevening,theywouldnotgoout.如果今晚下雪,他们将不出去了。
4.有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致(表示错综时间的虚拟语气),这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。例如:Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,youwouldbeallrightnow.如果你当初听了医生的话,身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去,主句动作指现在)
5.虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式
(l)省略连词if.在书面语中,如果虚拟条件从句中有were,had或should,可以把if省略,把这几个词放到主语之前,构成主谓倒装。例如:Shouldhecome(Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.他要是来了,让他给我打个电话。WereIyou(IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你,就不做这事。
(2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来,而是通过介词短语来表示。如:Withoutair(Iftherewerenotair),therewouldbenolivingthings.如果没有空气的话,就不会有生物了。Butforyourhelp(Ifithadntbeenforyourhelp)Icouldnthavedoneit.要是没有你的帮助,我就不可能完成这件事。
假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如:Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.(IfIhadntbeenbusythatday,Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.)我那天很忙,否则,我就和他们一起去那儿了。(如果我那天不忙的话,我就……);Iwouldhavefinishedthework,butIhavebeenill.(IfIhadntbeenill,Iwouldhavefinishedthework.)我本来该完成这项工作的,但我生病了。(如果我没生病的话,我就会完成……)
6.省去条件从句或主句:表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略,但其含义仍可以推知。
(1)省去条件从句。如:Youcouldhavewashedyourclothesyourself.你本可以自己洗衣服的。省去了"Ifyouhadwantedto"(事实是:你自己没洗衣服,因为你不想洗。)
(2)省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。如:Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme!如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世。);Ifonlyshehadnotleft!如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)
l.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法:在“Itisimportant(strange,natural,necessary)that……”这类句型里,that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should十动词原形”结构,表示某事是“重要”“奇怪”“自然”“必要”等意义。如:Itisimportantthateverymember(should)informhimselfoftheserules.重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。
2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
(1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that.1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。如:IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion.我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道);2)表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had十过去分词”。如:Iwish(wished)Ihadntspentsomuchmoney.我后悔不该花那么多钱。(实际上已经花掉);3)表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为“would十动词原形”。此时要注意,主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同,因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现,取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。如:Iwishitwouldstopraining.但愿雨能停止。Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.但愿你立刻来。
(2)在suggest,demand,order,propose,insist,command,request,desire等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,表示建议、要求、命令等。如:Idemandthathe(should)answermeimmediately.我要求他立刻答复我。
3.虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
(1)在带有evenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中,主句和从句都用虚拟语气,动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如:Evenifhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.即使生了病,他也去办公室。
(2)由asif或asthough引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或“had十过去分词”。如:HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.他那样对待我,好像我是陌生人似的。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.她谈论那部影片,就好像她确实看过一样。
注:如果表示的事情可能会发生,那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。
(3)在inorderthat或sothat引导的目的状语从句中,谓语动词多用“could或might(有时也用should)+动词原形”。如:Mr.greenspokeslowlysothathisstudentscould(might)hearclearly.格林先生说得很慢,好让学生听清楚。
4.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法:在“Itistime(that)……”句型中,定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来,动词形式一般用过去式,意思是“该干某事的时候了”。如:Its(high)timewedidourhomework.我们该做作业了。
5.虚拟语气在简单句中的用法
(1)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌,或委婉的语气,常见于日常会话中。如:Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.你最好别太晚睡觉。
(2)在一些习惯表达中。如:Iwouldrathernottellyou.我宁愿不告诉你。
(3)用“may+动词原形”表示“祝愿”“但愿”,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。如:Mayyoubehappy!祝你快乐!Maygoodluckbeyours.祝你顺利。

高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气


情态动词和虚拟语气

情态动词
1.考查情态动词的基本用法
①shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见;用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等;may表示“允许、可以”,语气比较委婉。
②must用于疑问句,表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩,意思为“偏偏,偏要”,mustn’t表示禁止,是说话人强有力的劝告。cannot表示“不可能”;neednot表示“不必要”;maynot表示“可能不,可以不”。
③needn’t表示“没有必要”
④would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向
⑤表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作,只能用was/wereableto,而不能用could;could还可以表示过去的某种能力
⑥考查情态动词用作答语的情况
2.考查情态动词+动词不定式一般式表推测的用法
①肯定的推测一般用must,should,may(might)或could(不用can),其中,must的语气最强,译为“肯定”、should的语气次之,译为“很可能”、“应该”;按常理推测的may(might),could语气最弱,译为“也许”。
②否定的推测:语气不很肯定时,常用maynot,mightnot或couldnot,译为“可能不”“也许不”;否定语气较强时,则用can’t,译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”,表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩
③疑问句中推测往往用can或could
3.考查情态动词+动词不定式的完成式表推测的用法
4.考查情态动词+动词不定式完成式的其他用法
①should(oughtto)+不定式的完成式:本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。
②needn’t+不定式的完成式:本来不必要做的而实际上又做了
③could+不定式的完成式:本可以做而实际上未能做,含有遗憾的意味
虚拟语气
1.虚拟条件句的基本结构及其用法
①与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句②与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
③与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句
2.虚拟语气的活用
①时间错综虚拟结构
②省略if的虚拟结构
③并列连词或副词暗示的虚拟结构
④介词或介词短语暗示的虚拟结构
⑤asif/asthough方式状语从句中的虚拟语气
⑥名词性从句中的虚拟语气
⑦分词短语暗示的虚拟结构
⑧上下文语境中的虚拟结构

I.情态动词
1.表示“能力、许可”的can/may
①表示能力的情态动词用can/could
Acomputer_____thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.
A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot
②表示许可时用may/might,can/could都可以,但在问句中用could…?
或might…?以使口气委婉客气,其回答一定要用can或may,以使回答口气明确(must表示一定,必须,mustn’t表示禁止,不许可)
—CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?—Yes,you______
A.willB.couldC.mayD.might
Johnny,you_____playwiththeknife,you_____hurtyourself.
A.won’t/can’tB.mustn’t/mayC.shouldn’t/mustD.can’t/shouldn’t
③在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力,而要用was/wereableto。
如不可以说:Theycouldjumpintotheseabeforetheboatwasblownup
而要说:theywereableto/managedtojumpinto…
Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_____getout.
A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto
但在否定句中could/was(were)ableto可以通用:
Icouldn’t/wasn’tabletoseehimyeaterday.
④表示许可时用may/can都可以。只不过用may时较侧重讲话人的许可,而can较侧重客观情况的许可,must则表示必须做某事。
2.表示“推断、判断”的can,may,must
①在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气最为肯定,may表示的是事实上的可能性:
Peter______comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.
A.mustB.mayC.canD.will
而can表示的是逻辑上的可能性:Maryisinpoorhealth.Shecanbeillatanytimes.
②在否定句中只能用can和may。此时can’t用以代替mustn’t,语气比maynot更强。can’t中文可以翻译为“不可能”、maynot中文可以翻译为“可能不”。
Michael______beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.
A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may
③在疑问句只能用can,不能用may和must
Hemaybeverybusynow.Canhebeverybusynow?
Hemustbeverybusynow.Canhebeverybusynow?
3.表示“请求、提议”(用在疑问句中)的can和could,这时could比can语气更婉转
Can(Could)yougivemealifttothestation?
你(您)能不能让我搭你(您)的车去车站呀?
4.表示“惊讶、怀疑”(用在疑问句中)的can和could,这时could比can语气更婉转
Whocanitbeatthistimeofday?这个时候到底会是谁呢?
5.构成下列特殊句式的can
①cannot/cannever…too…cannot…enough“无论怎么……也不为过分,越……越好,非常……”
Sinceitisagoodthing,wecannotdoittoosoon.
既然是好事情,我们越早开始做越好。
②can’thelpdoing…,cannothelpbutdo…,cannotbutdo…“禁不住,不由得,不得不”
IcannothelpadmiringthepicturewheneverIlookatit.每当我看到这幅画时,我都禁不住要鉴赏它。
Whenaclosefrienddies,youcannotbutfeelsad.
亲密的朋友去世时,你会不由得感到悲伤。
6.表示祝愿、祝福的may,此时句子用倒装语序
Mayhelivetoanoldage!愿他长命百岁!MayGodbewithyou!愿上帝保佑你!
7.shall/should
用于人称意义
Shall第一、三人称征求对方的意见
第二、三人称说话人给对方的警告、命令、允诺、威胁
用于法律、法规等条文中应……,须……,得……
Whatshallwedothisevening?
注意:may用于征求对方的许可,而shall用于征求对方的意见或指示:
MayIhavealook?我能看一看吗?
ShallIhavealook?需要我看一看吗?
Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkharder.(警告)
HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.(允诺)
Heshallbepunished.(威胁)
Thefineshallbegivenincash.罚款须以现金缴纳。
should意义
①(表义务、责任的)应该
②(表预期的)应该会,想必会,一定……会把
③(表惊讶、遗憾的)竟然、居然
④(与疑问词连用,表意外、惊讶、纳闷等的)究竟是,到底
⑤(用于表示命令、建议、请求等词后面的that从句中,且should可以省略)应该,必须
①Youshouldapologizetohim.
②Thephotosshouldbereadyby12:00.
③I’msurprisedthatyoushouldspeakinsuchaway.
④WhoshouldccomeinbutmyoldfriendBetty.我当究竟是谁进来了呢,原来是我的老朋友贝蒂呀。
⑤Isuggestedthathe(should)changehismind.
Mysuggestionwasthathe(should)changehismind.
注意:oughtto表示“应该”(与should同义,只是语气稍重一些),也可表示推测。
Yououghttotakecareofhim.
Heoughttobehomebynow.
8.will/would
①请求、建议,would比will委婉客气
Wouldyoupassmethebook?
②表示意志、愿望和决心
Iwillneverdothatagain.
Theyaskedusifwewoulddothatagain
③可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向
Duringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweek
Thewoundwouldnotheal.
④表示估计或猜想
Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.
Whatwouldshebedoingthere?
9.dare和need
①need作为情态动词只有一种形式,只用于否定句和疑问句。
②dare作为情态动词用时有两中形式:dare和dared两个词形。
除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外,还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。
Ifhedarecome,Iwillkickhimout.
Idon’tknowwhetherhedaresay.
Note:Hedoesn’tdare(to)answerthequestion.
Doesshedare(to)enterthedarkroom?
10.情态动词+havedone的用法
①could+havedone:本可以做而实际上未能做
Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.
②cannot+havedone:表示对过去行为的否定推测
Hecannothavebeentothattown.
③can+主语+havedone:表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定
Canhehavegotthebook?
④might(may)+havedone:对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测
Hemaynothavefinishedthework.
Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.
(Mood:mightmay,possibility:mightMAY)p
⑤must+havedone:对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为:cannothavedone
Youmusthaveseenthefilm.
Youcannothaveseenthefilm.
⑥needn’t+havedone:本来不必要做的而实际上又做了
Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.
注意:didn’tneedto(haveto)do:没有必要做而实际上也没有做
Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit2hoursago.
⑦should(oughtto)+havedone:本来应该做而实际上又没有做。
其否定形式表示某种行为不该发生却发生了。
Youshouldhavestartedearlier,butyoudidn’t.
Sheshouldn’thavetakenawaymymeasuringtape,forIwantedtouseit.
注意:本结构还可以表“推测”的意思
Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow.
到现在他应该已经做完那项工作了。
11.其它情态动词
①haveto
haveto表示“必须,不得不”,在这个意义上与must很接近,但must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而haveto表示的却是客观需要.haveto比must有更多的形式。
TheTVsetisbroken.Ihavetobuyanewone.
Thestudentswillhavetoknowhowtousethecomputers.
注意:在回答must的问句时,否定式常用neednot(needn’t)或don’thaveto表示“不必”。而不用
mustnot,因为mustnot表示“不可以”。
②usedto
表示过去的习惯动作或状态(现在已不复如此)
—Didyouusetogotheretoseeyourbrother?/Usedyoutogotheretoseeyourbrother?
—Yes,Idid(usedto)./No,Ididn’t(usedn’t).
注意:would也可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,但是不涉及到现在。
③hadbetter
表示“最好(做……)”
Wehadbettergonow.
其否定式为hadbetternot
II.虚拟语气
(一)一般虚拟结构
类别用法例句
If引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词:过去式(be用were)
主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.
与过去事实相反从句动词:had+过去分词
主句动词:should/would/could/might+have+过去分词IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.
与将来事实相反从句动词:过去式/should+动词原形/were+不定式
主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.
注意:主句中的should只用于I、we,但在美国英语中,should常被would代替;从句中的should可用于各种人称,且不可以被would所代替。
(二)混合虚拟结构
1.不同时间的虚拟
Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow.(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反)
Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反)
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.(从句与现在事实相反,主句与过去事实相反)
Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.(从句与过去事实相反,and后面的主句与现在事实相反)
2.虚拟与陈述的混合
Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.
Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.
(三)特殊句式虚拟结构
1.省略连词if。在书面语中,如果虚拟条件从句中有were,had或should,可以把if省略,把这几个词放到主语之前,构成主谓倒装。
Shouldhecome(Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.他要是来了,让他给我打个电话。
WereIyou(IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你,就不做这事。
2.suggest,order,propose,request,require,demand,advise,insist+宾语从句(should)do
Hesuggestedthatwe(should)savemoneyforthefuture.
Theundergraduateinsistedthathe(should)gotoworkinthesouth.
注意:当suggest表示暗示,insist表示坚持观点,事实时,后接的宾语从句应当用真实语气。
Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.
Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople’shealth.
3.Itissuggested/advised/ordered/requested/required…+that从句(should)do
Itisproposedthatmorestudentsshouldgotouniversity.
4.Myadvice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal…+is+表语从句(should)do
MyadviceisthatyoushouldpractisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.
Theorderfromthecommanderwasthatthetroopsshouldsetoffforthefrontimmediately.
5.Hissuggestion/advice/request/requirement…+同位语从句(should)do+is..
Therequestthattheyshouldgetmoreisreasonable.
6.Itisnatural/necessary/strange+that从句(should)do表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。
It’sstrangethatheshouldhavemissedthetrain.(表竟然)
Itisimportantthatweshouldlearnfromothers.(表理应如此)
Itisapitythatheshouldnotgowithus.(表惊讶、不满)
7.wish+thatclause(did/were与现在相反)
wish+thatclause(would/could/might+do与将来相反)
wish+thatclause(haddone与过去相反)
IwishIcouldgowiththemtomorrow.
IwishIhadnevermethim.
8.Itis(high/about)time+从句(did或shoulddo)
Itis(high/about)timewewenthome.
9.wouldrather+clause(did与现在或将来相反);(haddone与过去相反)
Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.
Iwouldratheryouhadn’ttoldherthenews.
10.省去条件从句或主句:表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略,但其含义仍可以推知。
①省去条件从句
Youcouldhavewashedyourclothesyourself.你本可以自已洗衣服的。
省去了"Ifyouhadwantedto")(事实是:你自己没洗衣服,因为你不想洗。)
②省去主句(常用以表示愿望)Ifonly+clause(did/were与现在相反)/(would/could/might+do与将来相反)/(haddone与过去相反)“要是…….就好了“
Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme!如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世。)
Ifonlyshehadnotleft!如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)
Ifonlyhewouldcometomorrow!
IfonlyIhadtakenheradvice!
IfonlyIweretenyearsyounger!
注意:onlyif是“只要”的意思,从句中用陈述语气。

11.asif+clause(did/were与现在相反)/(would/could/might+do与将来相反)/(haddone与过去相反)
ShetreatsKateasifshewereherowndaughter.
Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.
12.wouldlike/was/weretohavedonesomething
Iwouldliketohaveattendedtheparty,butoneofmyfriendscametoseeme.
13.butfor+名词
Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.
14.注意虚拟条件从句的特殊形式
Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.
Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesunsheat,theearthatnightwouldbefreezingcold.
15.注意转折语气连词引导的虚拟语气
Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehewouldhavescoredagoal.
ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsIshouldhavewrittenitdownforher.
Thecaptainkeptcalmintheterriblestorm,otherwisetheaccidentwouldnthavebeenprevented.
Yesterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,shemighthavesaidsomethingshewouldregretlater.
16.注意分词和独立结构引导的虚拟语气
Givenmorethantwohours,wecouldhavedonetheworkbetter.
Nothavingfinishedthework,hecouldnthaveseenthisfilm.

1.Whydidntyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtoday?I_____allthewayhere_____theheavysnow.
A.neednthavedriven;throughB.canthavedriven;across
C.mustnthavedriven;throughD.shouldnthavedriven;cross
2.—Mum,it’snoneofmybusiness.Why_____Icare?
—Justbecausesheisyoursister.
A.canB.shouldC.willD.may
3.—Ididn’tknowyouweregoodfriends.
—You_____.Ihaveknownhersinceshemovedhere.Youwerestudyingabroadthen.
A.mayhaveB.needn’thaveC.couldn’thaveD.musthave
4.—Theconcertwaswonderful!
—Really?HowIwishI______tothetheatrewithyouyesterday!
A.hadgoneB.mightgoC.wereabletogoD.wouldgo
5.Thetwostrangershavebeentalkingintheparkforalongtimeasthoughthey______oldfriends.
A.areB.shouldbeC.wereD.wouldbe
6.______theheavyrain,we______thetown.
A.Butfor;shouldhavereachedB.Becauseof;wouldhavereached
C.Duringtheperiodof;wewouldreachD.Inspiteof;weshouldhavereached
7.—IfWilliam_______,he_______thatgreenpeach.
—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalintime.
A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken
C.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken
8.—IsitgoodtolookupeverynewwordwhenIcomeacrossitinreading?
—No.You______becauseyouarelikelytoguessthemeaningfromthecontext.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.don’thavetoD.oughtnotto
9.—______Iuseyourcomputertosendane-mail?
—Yes,you______.Butyoumustn’tkeepittoolong.I’llsurftheInternetaftersupper.
A.Could;couldB.Could;mustC.Can;canD.Could;can
10.Whenhelivedthere,he______gotothatbookshopatthecornerwithhisgirlfriendafterworkeveryday.
A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might
11.—Ihearyou’vegotasetofAustraliancoins.______Ihavealook?
—Yes,certainly.
A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should
12.—Whathappenedtotheyoungtreesweplantedlastweek?
—Thetrees______well,butIdidn’twaterthem.
A.mightgrowB.needn’thavegrownC.wouldgrowD.wouldhavegrown
13.What______hadBobwalkedfarther,asfarastheriverbank?
A.wouldhappenB.couldhappenC.wouldhavehappenedD.needn’thavehappened
14.Hurryup,Tom.It’shightimewe______tothetheater.
A.willB.shallC.aregoingtoD.went
15.—Doyouthinkhewilldomeafavor?
—AsfarasIknow,heisthelastonetohelpothers.He______bepreparedtogiveyouahand,though.
A.mightB.mustC.canD.should
16.EventhoughI’dhurtmyleg,I______swimbacktotheriverbank.
A.couldB.mightC.hadtoD.wasableto
17.—Itisrathercoldhere.Shallwelightafire?
—No,we______becausethingsareeasytocatchfire.
A.won’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t
18.—Wouldyouhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible?
—Iwouldhave,butI______sobusythen.
A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbe
19.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe______thesewatchesand______free.
A.stole,setB.hadstolen,besetC.steal,besetD.hadstolen;mustbeset
20.I______youraddress,otherwiseI______youlongbefore.
A.hadforgotten,hadvisitedB.forgot,havevisited
C.forgot,wouldhavevisitedD.haveforgotten,wouldvisit
21.I______youabeautifulpresentforyourbirthday,butIwasshortofmoneyatthattime.
A.wouldbuyB.hadboughtC.wouldliketohaveboughtD.musthavebought
22.—Doyoufeellike________thereorshallwetakeabus?
—I’dliketowalk.Butsincethereisntmuchtimeleft,Idratherwe________ataxi.
A.walking,hireB.towalk,hireC.towalk,hiredD.walking,hired
23.—MissWhitehasdecidedtoexploreintheforestbyherself.
—She________askherboyfriendtoifshe________gowalkingintheforest.
A.needntto,darestohttp:/B.doesntneed,dares C.neednotto,daretoD.neednt,dare
24.Hisfailureintheexamsuggestedthathe__________theteacher’sinstructions.
A.can’thavefollowedhttp:/B.needn’thavefollowed
C.mustn’thavefollowedD.shouldn’thavefollowed
25.I_________you,butIdidn’tthinkyouwouldlistentome.
A.couldhavetoldB.musthavetoldC.shouldtellD.mightrell
26.—MsLinlooksratherakindlady.
—Butinfactsheiscoldandhardonus.You_______believeit!http:/
A.shouldn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t
27.Themanager’shealthwasgettingworseandworsebecauseofheavyburden,sothedoctorstrongly
recommendedthatheaholiday.
A.tookB.wouldtakeC.musttakeD.take
28.—It’ssocold!Whynotclosethedoor?
—Sorry.It.I’llhaveitrepairedsoon.
A.won’tshutB.won’tbeshutC.hasn’tshutD.isn’tshut
29.Iwouldn’tmarryPatevenifshethelastwomanonearth.
A.isB.wasC.hadbeenD.were
30.Manystudentswilltakepartintheschoolsportsmeetingthisweek,soshesuggestedthattheclassmeeting_______heldonSaturday.
A.notbeB.nottobeC.benotD.benotto
31.________theproblem,hewouldnthavecommittedthosemistakes.
A.IfheunderstoodB.HadheunderstoodC.WhenhehadunderstoodD.Ifhewouldunderstood
32.—Butthosearesize44.Youmightneedasmallersize.
—Yes,I______abitofweight.Ihavebeentryingtoloseweight!
A.willhavelostB.shouldhavelostC.mayhavelostD.can’tlose
33.—AreyougoingtoLloyd’sbirthdaypartyonFriday?
—Onlyifit______,hesaidhewashavingapicnicparty.
A.wouldn’trainB.doesn’trainC.won’trainD.hadn’trained
34.IfSanluGroup__________melaminetothemilk,thebabies________toomuchfromkidneystones.
A.didn’tadd;wouldnotsufferedB.hadn’tadded;wouldn’thavesuffered
C.hasn’tadded;wouldn’thavesufferedD.hadn’tadded;wouldhavesuffered
35.—Theresearchonthenewbirdfluvirusvaccineischallenginganddemanding.Whodoyouthinkcandothe
job?
—____mystudentshaveatry?
A.ShallB.WillC.CouldD.Should

1-5ABCAC6-10ABCDA11-15BDCDA16-20DCCBC
21-25CDDAA26-30BDADA31-35BCBBA

状语从句中的虚拟语气


①方式状语从句
由asif或asthough引导的状语从句可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况,也可以用虚拟语气表示与事实不符或与事实相反的情况。
a.表示与现在事实不相符,用一般过去时
Theteachertreatsthepupilasifhewereherownchild.这位老师对待这位学生就像自己的亲生孩子一样。(这位学生并不是她的亲生孩子)
b.表示与过去事实不相符,用过去完成时
Ifeltasthoughwehadknowneachotherforyears.我感觉我们好像认识多年了。(其实并没有认识多年)
c.表示与将来事实不相符,用wouldmightcould
Itlooksasifitmightrain.天看上去好像要下雨。(不大可能下雨)
对比:
Helooksasifheisyoung.看样子他好像很年轻。(他就是年轻)
Helooksasifhewereyoung.看样子他好像很年轻。(实际上他不年轻)
②目的状语从句
a.由incase,lest,forfearthat引导的目的状语从句,动词用“should+动词原形”结构,表示忧虑或目的。
PleaseremindmeofitagaintomorrowincaseI(should)forget.请你明天再提醒我这件事,以免我忘记。
Sheemphasizeditagainandagain,lesthe(should)forget.她一再强调这一点免得他忘记。
Wehadameetingandtalkedthematteroverfacetofaceforfearthatthere
shouldbeanymisunderstanding.
我们开了一个会,面对面谈了这件事,以免发生任何误会.
b.在inorderthat和sothat引导的目的状语从句中,往往用can(could)或may(might)。
IshallwritedownyourtelephonenumbersothatImaynotforget.我要把你的电话号码记下来,以免忘记。
Theyworkedharderthanusualinorderthattheycouldfinishtheworkaheadoftime.为了能提前完成工作,他们比往常更加努力。
Wewilltellyouthetruthsothatyoucanjudgeforyourself.我把真实情况告诉你,使你能自己作出判断。
③让步状语从句
让步状语从句指事实时,从句谓语动词用陈述语气。若从句内容表示现在和将来的假设情况,从句谓语动词用虚拟语气。
Thoughhe(should)fail,therewouldstillbehope.即使他失败了,仍有一线希望。
Ishouldsaythesamethingevenifhewerehere.即使他在这里,我还是要这么说。
Whetherhe(should)succeedorfail,weshallhavetodoourpart.不管他成功还是失败,我们还是要做好自己的事。
Howeverharditmightrainrains,weshallgotheretogether.不管雨下得多么大,今晚我们还是要去那里。
Nomatterwhathissocialposition(might)be,amanisequalintheeyeofthelaw.一个人不论其社会地位如何,在法律面前都是平等的。
C.定语从句中的虚拟语气
在Itis(high)time(that)...结构中,定语从句的谓语动词用过去式,表示“到某人该做某事的时间了”。
Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.到孩子们睡觉的时间了。
Itishightimethatwebeganthemeeting.正是我们开会的时间了。
四、其他句型中的虚拟语气
A.Ifonly......
Ifonly位于句首引起的感叹句用虚拟语气,动词用一般过去时表示目前的愿望,用过去完成时表示过去的愿望,用would或could表示将来。
Ifonlyheknewtheanswer.他要是知道答案就好了。(用过去时表示现在)
IfonlyIcouldspeakseveralforeignlanguages!我要是能讲几种外语就好了!(用wouldcould表示将来)
Ifonlyyouhadtoldmethetruthbefore.要是你以前告诉我真相就好了。(用过去完成时表示过去)
注意:ifonly和wish的用法相同,表示的意愿也基本相同。
Ifonlyitwouldrain.但愿天能下点儿雨!=HowIwishitwouldrain.
IfonlyIhadknownherearlier!要是我早点儿认识她就好了!=IwishIhadknownherearlier.
B.wouldrather
wouldrather,wouldprefer,wouldsooner等后接从句,表示“宁愿”,动词用过去时表示当时和将来的情况,用过去完成时表示过去的情况。
Iwouldratheryoulefttoday.我宁可你今天走。
Iwouldpreferhedidntstayheretoolong.我倒希望他不要在这儿呆得太久。
IwouldratherIhadntseenthatfilmyesterday.我宁愿昨天没有看那场电影。
提示:
wouldrather主要有两种用法。
1.后接不带to的不定式
Idratherplaytennisthanswim.我宁愿打网球,也不愿游泳。
Idrathernotgotothemovies.我宁愿不去看电影。
Whichwouldyouratherhave,teaorcoffee你喜欢喝茶,还是咖啡
2.后接不用连词的that从句
Idratheryouwenthomenow.我希望你现在就回家。
Iwouldrathermydaughterattendedapublicschool.我希望我的女儿能上公立学校。
C.表示愿望的感叹句
在表示祝愿的感叹句中,用动词原形,表示愿望。
LonglivethePeoplesRepublicofChina!中华人民共和国万岁!
Mayyoubehappy!祝您快乐!
Godblessyou!上帝保佑你!
Successattendyou!祝你成功!
TheLordsaveus!愿主救我们!
D.情态动词用于虚拟语气
部分情态动词的过去形式(could,might,should,would),可以用于非真实条件句以及其他结构中表示虚拟语气。
1.表示想像或猜测
IfIcouldspeakFrench,Iwouldteachyou.如果我会说法语,我就能教你。(我不会,所以不能教你)
Ifyouphonedhimrightnow,youmightgetthemattersettled.如果你现在给他打电话,你就可以把问题解决了。
Therecouldbesomethingwrongwiththetaperecorder.这台录音机可能出毛病了。
Hemighthavesaidso.他可能这样说过。
Couldhehavedonesuchafoolishthing他会做这样的傻事吗?
2.表示委婉或客气
虚拟语气(could,would,might+动词原形)可使说话者的口气变得委婉客气。
Youcouldanswerthisemailforme.你可以替我回这个电子邮件。
Couldyouleavemeyourtelephonenumberandaddress你能将电话号码和地址留给我吗?
Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow劳驾把窗子打开,好吗?
Youmightaswellputoffthediscussiontillnextweek.你们不妨把讨论推迟到下个星期。
比较:
wouldlidetodo
愿意,想要
wouldlidetohavedone
本来想
Iwouldlike(tohave)awordwithyou.我想和你谈一谈。(现在想)
Iwouldliketohavetalkedwithyou.我原本想和你谈一谈的。(没有谈成)
3.表示惋惜或责备
Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedonebetter.如果给我们更多时间,我们能够干得更好些。(我们并没有得到更多的时间)
Youcouldhavegotupalittleearlier!你完全可以早点儿起来!(实际上没有早起)
Itwascoldyesterday.Ishouldhavewornaheavycoat.昨天很冷,我该穿件厚外套的。(但我没穿)
Thiswallshouldnthavebeenpainedblue.这墙不应该漆成蓝色。(但已漆了)
提示:
当代英语一个显著的变化就是虚拟语气的使用越来越少,许多该用虚拟语气的地方都用陈述语气代替。
HesuggestedthatIwenttothehospitalatonce.他建议我们立刻去医院。(原应用shouldgo)
Weshallwritedowntheaddresslestweforget.我们要把地址记下来,以免忘记。(原应用shouldforget)
Imagineyouareanastronaut.设想你是个宇航员。(原应用were)

高二英语虚拟语气教案


虚拟语气专练
1.——Didyousubmit(递交)yourapplicationforaMaster’sdegree(硕士学位)?
——Notyet.IfI_____toseemyfather,Iwouldhave.”
A.didn’tgoB.haven’tgoneC.wouldn’thavegoneD.hadn’tgone
2.——Whydidn’tTomgiveyouoneofhispaintings?
——Ididn’twantone,buthewouldhavegivenmeoneifI____.
A.DoB.wouldC.willD.had
3.——Doyouthinkthethiefenteredthroughthegaragedoor?
——No,ifhehad,Idon’tbelieve_____brokenthelivingroomwindow.
A.wouldhehaveB.hehadC.hewouldhaveD.hehas
4._______I’dhavetoldyou.
A.IfIwouldhaveknownitB.IfIhadhaveknownit
C.HadIknowitD.ShouldIknowit
5.I____comeyesterday,butIcouldn’t.
A.wastohaveB.mustC.oughtD.haveto
6.——Itisraining,andIhavenoumbrella.
——Here’smine,andIinsist____it.
A.youtotakeB.thatyoutakeC.thatyoutakingD.youtaking
7.Theprofessorgaveordersthatthetest____before5:30.
A.befinishedB.willfinishC.willbefinishedD.shallfinish
8.Imustgothereearlier.JohnhassuggestedthatI_____anhourbeforethediscussionbegins.
A.goB.shallgoC.willgoD.wouldgo
9.Ididn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI____there.
A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.went
10.Shespeaksasifshe____onthespot.
A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.is
11.IfI______tenyearsyounger,I_____veryhappy.
A.were,wouldbeB.am,shallbeC.were,shallbeD.am,wouldbe
12.——Youcanaskyourbrotherforhelp.
——Heisnotathome.Ifhe____,I_____.
A.is,wouldB.were,wouldC.is,willD.were,will
13.Ifyou____thedoctorsadvice,youwouldhavealreadyrecovered.
A.followB.followedC.wouldfollowD.hadfollowed
14.Ifhehadnotmissedthetrain,he_____bythen.
A.mightgetB.mighthavegotC.gotD.hadgot
15.Whatwouldyouhavedonelastnight,ifyou_____towriteyourhomework.
A.hadn’tB.haven’thadC.didn’thaveD.hadn’thad
16.——Didyoucatchtheplane?
——No.ifIhadhurried,I______.
A.wouldB.wouldhaveC.couldD.did
17.Whydidn’tyoutellhimthetruth?IfI_____you,Iwouldhave.
A.wereB.hadbeenC.amD.wouldbe
18.——Howdoyouliketheparty?
——Wonderful.Ifyouhadcomewithus,you____agoodtime.
A.hadB.hadhadC.wouldhaveD.wouldhavehad
19.IfI_____outofmyink,Iwouldhavefinishedwritingthepaper.
A.didn’trunB.shouldn’trunC.haven’trunD.hadn’trun
20.Ifyou_____earlytomorrowmorning,youwouldbetherebynoon.
A.havestartedB.werestartedC.weretostartD.hadstarted
21.——Didyouhandinyourapplicationforaleaguemember?
——Notyet.IfI_____toseemyfather,Iwouldhave.
A.didn’tgoB.haven’tgoneC.wouldn’thavegoneD.hadn’tgone
22.——Whydidn’tTomgiveyouoneofhispaintings?
——Ididn’twantone,buthewouldhavegivenmeoneifI_____.
A.doB.wouldC.willD.had
23.——Doyouthinkthethiefenteredthroughthegaragedoor?
——No,ifhehad,Idon’tbelieve____brokenthelivingroomwindow.
A.wouldhehaveB.hehadC.hewouldhaveD.hehas
24.______I’dhavetoldyou.
A.IfIwouldhaveknownitB.IfIhadhaveknownit
C.HadIknownitD.shouldIknowit
25.I____comeyesterday,butIcouldn’t.
A.wastohaveB.mustC.oughtD.haveto
Keys:1-5DDCCA6-10BAACB11-15ABDBD
16-20BBDDC21-25DDCCA