88教案网

你的位置: 教案 > 高中教案 > 导航 > 高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气

高中情态动词教案

发表时间:2020-12-04

高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气。

俗话说,磨刀不误砍柴工。作为高中教师就要精心准备好合适的教案。教案可以让讲的知识能够轻松被学生吸收,使高中教师有一个简单易懂的教学思路。您知道高中教案应该要怎么下笔吗?以下是小编为大家收集的“高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气”欢迎阅读,希望您能够喜欢并分享!

情态动词和虚拟语气

情态动词
1.考查情态动词的基本用法
①shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见;用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等;may表示“允许、可以”,语气比较委婉。
②must用于疑问句,表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩,意思为“偏偏,偏要”,mustn’t表示禁止,是说话人强有力的劝告。cannot表示“不可能”;neednot表示“不必要”;maynot表示“可能不,可以不”。
③needn’t表示“没有必要”
④would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向
⑤表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作,只能用was/wereableto,而不能用could;could还可以表示过去的某种能力
⑥考查情态动词用作答语的情况
2.考查情态动词+动词不定式一般式表推测的用法
①肯定的推测一般用must,should,may(might)或could(不用can),其中,must的语气最强,译为“肯定”、should的语气次之,译为“很可能”、“应该”;按常理推测的may(might),could语气最弱,译为“也许”。
②否定的推测:语气不很肯定时,常用maynot,mightnot或couldnot,译为“可能不”“也许不”;否定语气较强时,则用can’t,译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”,表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩
③疑问句中推测往往用can或could
3.考查情态动词+动词不定式的完成式表推测的用法
4.考查情态动词+动词不定式完成式的其他用法
①should(oughtto)+不定式的完成式:本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。
②needn’t+不定式的完成式:本来不必要做的而实际上又做了
③could+不定式的完成式:本可以做而实际上未能做,含有遗憾的意味
虚拟语气
1.虚拟条件句的基本结构及其用法
①与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句②与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
③与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句
2.虚拟语气的活用
①时间错综虚拟结构
②省略if的虚拟结构
③并列连词或副词暗示的虚拟结构
④介词或介词短语暗示的虚拟结构
⑤asif/asthough方式状语从句中的虚拟语气
⑥名词性从句中的虚拟语气
⑦分词短语暗示的虚拟结构
⑧上下文语境中的虚拟结构

I.情态动词
1.表示“能力、许可”的can/may
①表示能力的情态动词用can/could
Acomputer_____thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.
A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot
②表示许可时用may/might,can/could都可以,但在问句中用could…?
或might…?以使口气委婉客气,其回答一定要用can或may,以使回答口气明确(must表示一定,必须,mustn’t表示禁止,不许可)
—CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?—Yes,you______
A.willB.couldC.mayD.might
Johnny,you_____playwiththeknife,you_____hurtyourself.
A.won’t/can’tB.mustn’t/mayC.shouldn’t/mustD.can’t/shouldn’t
③在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力,而要用was/wereableto。
如不可以说:Theycouldjumpintotheseabeforetheboatwasblownup
而要说:theywereableto/managedtojumpinto…
Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_____getout.
A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto
但在否定句中could/was(were)ableto可以通用:
Icouldn’t/wasn’tabletoseehimyeaterday.
④表示许可时用may/can都可以。只不过用may时较侧重讲话人的许可,而can较侧重客观情况的许可,must则表示必须做某事。
2.表示“推断、判断”的can,may,must
①在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气最为肯定,may表示的是事实上的可能性:
Peter______comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.
A.mustB.mayC.canD.will
而can表示的是逻辑上的可能性:Maryisinpoorhealth.Shecanbeillatanytimes.
②在否定句中只能用can和may。此时can’t用以代替mustn’t,语气比maynot更强。can’t中文可以翻译为“不可能”、maynot中文可以翻译为“可能不”。
Michael______beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.
A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may
③在疑问句只能用can,不能用may和must
Hemaybeverybusynow.Canhebeverybusynow?
Hemustbeverybusynow.Canhebeverybusynow?
3.表示“请求、提议”(用在疑问句中)的can和could,这时could比can语气更婉转
Can(Could)yougivemealifttothestation?
你(您)能不能让我搭你(您)的车去车站呀?
4.表示“惊讶、怀疑”(用在疑问句中)的can和could,这时could比can语气更婉转
Whocanitbeatthistimeofday?这个时候到底会是谁呢?
5.构成下列特殊句式的can
①cannot/cannever…too…cannot…enough“无论怎么……也不为过分,越……越好,非常……”
Sinceitisagoodthing,wecannotdoittoosoon.
既然是好事情,我们越早开始做越好。
②can’thelpdoing…,cannothelpbutdo…,cannotbutdo…“禁不住,不由得,不得不”
IcannothelpadmiringthepicturewheneverIlookatit.每当我看到这幅画时,我都禁不住要鉴赏它。
Whenaclosefrienddies,youcannotbutfeelsad.
亲密的朋友去世时,你会不由得感到悲伤。
6.表示祝愿、祝福的may,此时句子用倒装语序
Mayhelivetoanoldage!愿他长命百岁!MayGodbewithyou!愿上帝保佑你!
7.shall/should
用于人称意义
Shall第一、三人称征求对方的意见
第二、三人称说话人给对方的警告、命令、允诺、威胁
用于法律、法规等条文中应……,须……,得……
Whatshallwedothisevening?
注意:may用于征求对方的许可,而shall用于征求对方的意见或指示:
MayIhavealook?我能看一看吗?
ShallIhavealook?需要我看一看吗?
Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkharder.(警告)
HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.(允诺)
Heshallbepunished.(威胁)
Thefineshallbegivenincash.罚款须以现金缴纳。
should意义
①(表义务、责任的)应该
②(表预期的)应该会,想必会,一定……会把
③(表惊讶、遗憾的)竟然、居然
④(与疑问词连用,表意外、惊讶、纳闷等的)究竟是,到底
⑤(用于表示命令、建议、请求等词后面的that从句中,且should可以省略)应该,必须
①Youshouldapologizetohim.
②Thephotosshouldbereadyby12:00.
③I’msurprisedthatyoushouldspeakinsuchaway.
④WhoshouldccomeinbutmyoldfriendBetty.我当究竟是谁进来了呢,原来是我的老朋友贝蒂呀。
⑤Isuggestedthathe(should)changehismind.
Mysuggestionwasthathe(should)changehismind.
注意:oughtto表示“应该”(与should同义,只是语气稍重一些),也可表示推测。
Yououghttotakecareofhim.
Heoughttobehomebynow.
8.will/would
①请求、建议,would比will委婉客气
Wouldyoupassmethebook?
②表示意志、愿望和决心
Iwillneverdothatagain.
Theyaskedusifwewoulddothatagain
③可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向
Duringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweek
Thewoundwouldnotheal.
④表示估计或猜想
Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.
Whatwouldshebedoingthere?
9.dare和need
①need作为情态动词只有一种形式,只用于否定句和疑问句。
②dare作为情态动词用时有两中形式:dare和dared两个词形。
除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外,还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。
Ifhedarecome,Iwillkickhimout.
Idon’tknowwhetherhedaresay.
Note:Hedoesn’tdare(to)answerthequestion.
Doesshedare(to)enterthedarkroom?
10.情态动词+havedone的用法
①could+havedone:本可以做而实际上未能做
Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.
②cannot+havedone:表示对过去行为的否定推测
Hecannothavebeentothattown.
③can+主语+havedone:表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定
Canhehavegotthebook?
④might(may)+havedone:对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测
Hemaynothavefinishedthework.
Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.
(Mood:mightmay,possibility:mightMAY)p
⑤must+havedone:对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为:cannothavedone
Youmusthaveseenthefilm.
Youcannothaveseenthefilm.
⑥needn’t+havedone:本来不必要做的而实际上又做了
Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.
注意:didn’tneedto(haveto)do:没有必要做而实际上也没有做
Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit2hoursago.
⑦should(oughtto)+havedone:本来应该做而实际上又没有做。
其否定形式表示某种行为不该发生却发生了。
Youshouldhavestartedearlier,butyoudidn’t.
Sheshouldn’thavetakenawaymymeasuringtape,forIwantedtouseit.
注意:本结构还可以表“推测”的意思
Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow.
到现在他应该已经做完那项工作了。
11.其它情态动词
①haveto
haveto表示“必须,不得不”,在这个意义上与must很接近,但must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而haveto表示的却是客观需要.haveto比must有更多的形式。
TheTVsetisbroken.Ihavetobuyanewone.
Thestudentswillhavetoknowhowtousethecomputers.
注意:在回答must的问句时,否定式常用neednot(needn’t)或don’thaveto表示“不必”。而不用
mustnot,因为mustnot表示“不可以”。
②usedto
表示过去的习惯动作或状态(现在已不复如此)
—Didyouusetogotheretoseeyourbrother?/Usedyoutogotheretoseeyourbrother?
—Yes,Idid(usedto)./No,Ididn’t(usedn’t).
注意:would也可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,但是不涉及到现在。
③hadbetter
表示“最好(做……)”
Wehadbettergonow.
其否定式为hadbetternot
II.虚拟语气
(一)一般虚拟结构
类别用法例句
If引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词:过去式(be用were)
主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.
与过去事实相反从句动词:had+过去分词
主句动词:should/would/could/might+have+过去分词IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.
与将来事实相反从句动词:过去式/should+动词原形/were+不定式
主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.
注意:主句中的should只用于I、we,但在美国英语中,should常被would代替;从句中的should可用于各种人称,且不可以被would所代替。
(二)混合虚拟结构
1.不同时间的虚拟
Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow.(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反)
Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反)
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.(从句与现在事实相反,主句与过去事实相反)
Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.(从句与过去事实相反,and后面的主句与现在事实相反)
2.虚拟与陈述的混合
Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.
Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.
(三)特殊句式虚拟结构
1.省略连词if。在书面语中,如果虚拟条件从句中有were,had或should,可以把if省略,把这几个词放到主语之前,构成主谓倒装。
Shouldhecome(Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.他要是来了,让他给我打个电话。
WereIyou(IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你,就不做这事。
2.suggest,order,propose,request,require,demand,advise,insist+宾语从句(should)do
Hesuggestedthatwe(should)savemoneyforthefuture.
Theundergraduateinsistedthathe(should)gotoworkinthesouth.
注意:当suggest表示暗示,insist表示坚持观点,事实时,后接的宾语从句应当用真实语气。
Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.
Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople’shealth.
3.Itissuggested/advised/ordered/requested/required…+that从句(should)do
Itisproposedthatmorestudentsshouldgotouniversity.
4.Myadvice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal…+is+表语从句(should)do
MyadviceisthatyoushouldpractisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.
Theorderfromthecommanderwasthatthetroopsshouldsetoffforthefrontimmediately.
5.Hissuggestion/advice/request/requirement…+同位语从句(should)do+is..
Therequestthattheyshouldgetmoreisreasonable.
6.Itisnatural/necessary/strange+that从句(should)do表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。
It’sstrangethatheshouldhavemissedthetrain.(表竟然)
Itisimportantthatweshouldlearnfromothers.(表理应如此)
Itisapitythatheshouldnotgowithus.(表惊讶、不满)
7.wish+thatclause(did/were与现在相反)
wish+thatclause(would/could/might+do与将来相反)
wish+thatclause(haddone与过去相反)
IwishIcouldgowiththemtomorrow.
IwishIhadnevermethim.
8.Itis(high/about)time+从句(did或shoulddo)
Itis(high/about)timewewenthome.
9.wouldrather+clause(did与现在或将来相反);(haddone与过去相反)
Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.
Iwouldratheryouhadn’ttoldherthenews.
10.省去条件从句或主句:表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略,但其含义仍可以推知。
①省去条件从句
Youcouldhavewashedyourclothesyourself.你本可以自已洗衣服的。
省去了"Ifyouhadwantedto")(事实是:你自己没洗衣服,因为你不想洗。)
②省去主句(常用以表示愿望)Ifonly+clause(did/were与现在相反)/(would/could/might+do与将来相反)/(haddone与过去相反)“要是…….就好了“
Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme!如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世。)
Ifonlyshehadnotleft!如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)
Ifonlyhewouldcometomorrow!
IfonlyIhadtakenheradvice!
IfonlyIweretenyearsyounger!
注意:onlyif是“只要”的意思,从句中用陈述语气。

11.asif+clause(did/were与现在相反)/(would/could/might+do与将来相反)/(haddone与过去相反)
ShetreatsKateasifshewereherowndaughter.
Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.
12.wouldlike/was/weretohavedonesomething
Iwouldliketohaveattendedtheparty,butoneofmyfriendscametoseeme.
13.butfor+名词
Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.
14.注意虚拟条件从句的特殊形式
Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.
Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesunsheat,theearthatnightwouldbefreezingcold.
15.注意转折语气连词引导的虚拟语气
Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehewouldhavescoredagoal.
ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsIshouldhavewrittenitdownforher.
Thecaptainkeptcalmintheterriblestorm,otherwisetheaccidentwouldnthavebeenprevented.
Yesterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,shemighthavesaidsomethingshewouldregretlater.
16.注意分词和独立结构引导的虚拟语气
Givenmorethantwohours,wecouldhavedonetheworkbetter.
Nothavingfinishedthework,hecouldnthaveseenthisfilm.

1.Whydidntyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtoday?I_____allthewayhere_____theheavysnow.
A.neednthavedriven;throughB.canthavedriven;across
C.mustnthavedriven;throughD.shouldnthavedriven;cross
2.—Mum,it’snoneofmybusiness.Why_____Icare?
—Justbecausesheisyoursister.
A.canB.shouldC.willD.may
3.—Ididn’tknowyouweregoodfriends.
—You_____.Ihaveknownhersinceshemovedhere.Youwerestudyingabroadthen.
A.mayhaveB.needn’thaveC.couldn’thaveD.musthave
4.—Theconcertwaswonderful!
—Really?HowIwishI______tothetheatrewithyouyesterday!
A.hadgoneB.mightgoC.wereabletogoD.wouldgo
5.Thetwostrangershavebeentalkingintheparkforalongtimeasthoughthey______oldfriends.
A.areB.shouldbeC.wereD.wouldbe
6.______theheavyrain,we______thetown.
A.Butfor;shouldhavereachedB.Becauseof;wouldhavereached
C.Duringtheperiodof;wewouldreachD.Inspiteof;weshouldhavereached
7.—IfWilliam_______,he_______thatgreenpeach.
—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalintime.
A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken
C.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken
8.—IsitgoodtolookupeverynewwordwhenIcomeacrossitinreading?
—No.You______becauseyouarelikelytoguessthemeaningfromthecontext.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.don’thavetoD.oughtnotto
9.—______Iuseyourcomputertosendane-mail?
—Yes,you______.Butyoumustn’tkeepittoolong.I’llsurftheInternetaftersupper.
A.Could;couldB.Could;mustC.Can;canD.Could;can
10.Whenhelivedthere,he______gotothatbookshopatthecornerwithhisgirlfriendafterworkeveryday.
A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might
11.—Ihearyou’vegotasetofAustraliancoins.______Ihavealook?
—Yes,certainly.
A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should
12.—Whathappenedtotheyoungtreesweplantedlastweek?
—Thetrees______well,butIdidn’twaterthem.
A.mightgrowB.needn’thavegrownC.wouldgrowD.wouldhavegrown
13.What______hadBobwalkedfarther,asfarastheriverbank?
A.wouldhappenB.couldhappenC.wouldhavehappenedD.needn’thavehappened
14.Hurryup,Tom.It’shightimewe______tothetheater.
A.willB.shallC.aregoingtoD.went
15.—Doyouthinkhewilldomeafavor?
—AsfarasIknow,heisthelastonetohelpothers.He______bepreparedtogiveyouahand,though.
A.mightB.mustC.canD.should
16.EventhoughI’dhurtmyleg,I______swimbacktotheriverbank.
A.couldB.mightC.hadtoD.wasableto
17.—Itisrathercoldhere.Shallwelightafire?
—No,we______becausethingsareeasytocatchfire.
A.won’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t
18.—Wouldyouhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible?
—Iwouldhave,butI______sobusythen.
A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbe
19.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe______thesewatchesand______free.
A.stole,setB.hadstolen,besetC.steal,besetD.hadstolen;mustbeset
20.I______youraddress,otherwiseI______youlongbefore.
A.hadforgotten,hadvisitedB.forgot,havevisited
C.forgot,wouldhavevisitedD.haveforgotten,wouldvisit
21.I______youabeautifulpresentforyourbirthday,butIwasshortofmoneyatthattime.
A.wouldbuyB.hadboughtC.wouldliketohaveboughtD.musthavebought
22.—Doyoufeellike________thereorshallwetakeabus?
—I’dliketowalk.Butsincethereisntmuchtimeleft,Idratherwe________ataxi.
A.walking,hireB.towalk,hireC.towalk,hiredD.walking,hired
23.—MissWhitehasdecidedtoexploreintheforestbyherself.
—She________askherboyfriendtoifshe________gowalkingintheforest.
A.needntto,darestohttp:/B.doesntneed,dares C.neednotto,daretoD.neednt,dare
24.Hisfailureintheexamsuggestedthathe__________theteacher’sinstructions.
A.can’thavefollowedhttp:/B.needn’thavefollowed
C.mustn’thavefollowedD.shouldn’thavefollowed
25.I_________you,butIdidn’tthinkyouwouldlistentome.
A.couldhavetoldB.musthavetoldC.shouldtellD.mightrell
26.—MsLinlooksratherakindlady.
—Butinfactsheiscoldandhardonus.You_______believeit!http:/
A.shouldn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t
27.Themanager’shealthwasgettingworseandworsebecauseofheavyburden,sothedoctorstrongly
recommendedthatheaholiday.
A.tookB.wouldtakeC.musttakeD.take
28.—It’ssocold!Whynotclosethedoor?
—Sorry.It.I’llhaveitrepairedsoon.
A.won’tshutB.won’tbeshutC.hasn’tshutD.isn’tshut
29.Iwouldn’tmarryPatevenifshethelastwomanonearth.
A.isB.wasC.hadbeenD.were
30.Manystudentswilltakepartintheschoolsportsmeetingthisweek,soshesuggestedthattheclassmeeting_______heldonSaturday.
A.notbeB.nottobeC.benotD.benotto
31.________theproblem,hewouldnthavecommittedthosemistakes.
A.IfheunderstoodB.HadheunderstoodC.WhenhehadunderstoodD.Ifhewouldunderstood
32.—Butthosearesize44.Youmightneedasmallersize.
—Yes,I______abitofweight.Ihavebeentryingtoloseweight!
A.willhavelostB.shouldhavelostC.mayhavelostD.can’tlose
33.—AreyougoingtoLloyd’sbirthdaypartyonFriday?
—Onlyifit______,hesaidhewashavingapicnicparty.
A.wouldn’trainB.doesn’trainC.won’trainD.hadn’trained
34.IfSanluGroup__________melaminetothemilk,thebabies________toomuchfromkidneystones.
A.didn’tadd;wouldnotsufferedB.hadn’tadded;wouldn’thavesuffered
C.hasn’tadded;wouldn’thavesufferedD.hadn’tadded;wouldhavesuffered
35.—Theresearchonthenewbirdfluvirusvaccineischallenginganddemanding.Whodoyouthinkcandothe
job?
—____mystudentshaveatry?
A.ShallB.WillC.CouldD.Should

1-5ABCAC6-10ABCDA11-15BDCDA16-20DCCBC
21-25CDDAA26-30BDADA31-35BCBBA
WWw.JAB88.CoM

相关知识

高考英语二轮专题复习6情态动词和虚拟语气


一位优秀的教师不打无准备之仗,会提前做好准备,教师在教学前就要准备好教案,做好充分的准备。教案可以让学生更容易听懂所讲的内容,让教师能够快速的解决各种教学问题。你知道怎么写具体的教案内容吗?以下是小编为大家精心整理的“高考英语二轮专题复习6情态动词和虚拟语气”,欢迎大家阅读,希望对大家有所帮助。

情态动词和虚拟语气


情态动词
1.考查情态动词的基本用法
①shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见;用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等;may表示“允许、可以”,语气比较委婉。
②must用于疑问句,表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩,意思为“偏偏,偏要”,mustn’t表示禁止,是说话人强有力的劝告。cannot表示“不可能”;neednot表示“不必要”;maynot表示“可能不,可以不”。
③needn’t表示“没有必要”
④would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向
⑤表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作,只能用was/wereableto,而不能用could;could还可以表示过去的某种能力
⑥考查情态动词用作答语的情况
2.考查情态动词+动词不定式一般式表推测的用法
①肯定的推测一般用must,should,may(might)或could(不用can),其中,must的语气最强,译为“肯定”、should的语气次之,译为“很可能”、“应该”;按常理推测的may(might),could语气最弱,译为“也许”。
②否定的推测:语气不很肯定时,常用maynot,mightnot或couldnot,译为“可能不”“也许不”;否定语气较强时,则用can’t,译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”,表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩
③疑问句中推测往往用can或could
3.考查情态动词+动词不定式的完成式表推测的用法
4.考查情态动词+动词不定式完成式的其他用法
①should(oughtto)+不定式的完成式:本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。
②needn’t+不定式的完成式:本来不必要做的而实际上又做了
③could+不定式的完成式:本可以做而实际上未能做,含有遗憾的意味
虚拟语气
1.虚拟条件句的基本结构及其用法
①与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
②与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
③与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句
2.虚拟语气的活用
①时间错综虚拟结构
②省略if的虚拟结构
③并列连词或副词暗示的虚拟结构
④介词或介词短语暗示的虚拟结构
⑤asif/asthough方式状语从句中的虚拟语气
⑥名词性从句中的虚拟语气
⑦分词短语暗示的虚拟结构
⑧上下文语境中的虚拟结构

I.情态动词
1.表示“能力、许可”的can/may
①表示能力的情态动词用can/could
Acomputer_____thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.
A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot
②表示许可时用may/might,can/could都可以,但在问句中用could…?
或might…?以使口气委婉客气,其回答一定要用can或may,以使回答口气明确(must表示一
定,必须,mustn’t表示禁止,不许可)
—CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?—Yes,you______
A.willB.couldC.mayD.might
Johnny,you_____playwiththeknife,you_____hurtyourself.
A.won’t/can’tB.mustn’t/mayC.shouldn’t/mustD.can’t/shouldn’t
③在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力,而要用was/wereableto。
如不可以说:Theycouldjumpintotheseabeforetheboatwasblownup
而要说:theywereableto/managedtojumpinto…
Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_____getout.
A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto
但在否定句中could/was(were)ableto可以通用:
Icouldn’t/wasn’tabletoseehimyeaterday.
④表示许可时用may/can都可以。只不过用may时较侧重讲话人的许可,而can较侧重客观情况的许可,must则表示必须做某事。
2.表示“推断、判断”的can,may,must
①在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气最为肯定,may表示的是事实上的可能性:
Peter______comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.
A.mustB.mayC.canD.will
而can表示的是逻辑上的可能性:Maryisinpoorhealth.Shecanbeillatanytimes.
②在否定句中只能用can和may。此时can’t用以代替mustn’t,语气比maynot更强。can’t中文可以翻译为“不可能”、maynot中文可以翻译为“可能不”。
Michael______beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.
A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may
③在疑问句只能用can,不能用may和must
Hemaybeverybusynow.
Canhebeverybusynow?
Hemustbeverybusynow.
Canhebeverybusynow?
3.表示“请求、提议”(用在疑问句中)的can和could,这时could比can语气更婉转
Can(Could)yougivemealifttothestation?
你(您)能不能让我搭你(您)的车去车站呀?
4.表示“惊讶、怀疑”(用在疑问句中)的can和could,这时could比can语气更婉转
Whocanitbeatthistimeofday?这个时候到底会是谁呢?
5.构成下列特殊句式的can
①cannot/cannever…too…cannot…enough“无论怎么……也不为过分,越……越好,非常……”
Sinceitisagoodthing,wecannotdoittoosoon.
既然是好事情,我们越早开始做越好。
②can’thelpdoing…,cannothelpbutdo…,cannotbutdo…“禁不住,不由得,不得不”
IcannothelpadmiringthepicturewheneverIlookatit.每当我看到这幅画时,我都禁不住要鉴赏它。
Whenaclosefrienddies,youcannotbutfeelsad.
亲密的朋友去世时,你会不由得感到悲伤。
6.表示祝愿、祝福的may,此时句子用倒装语序
Mayhelivetoanoldage!愿他长命百岁!
MayGodbewithyou!愿上帝保佑你!
7.shall/should
用于人称意义
shall第一、三人称征求对方的意见
第二、三人称说话人给对方的警告、命令、允诺、威胁
用于法律、法规等条文中应……,须……,得……
Whatshallwedothisevening?
注意:may用于征求对方的许可,而shall用于征求对方的意见或指示:
MayIhavealook?我能看一看吗?
ShallIhavealook?需要我看一看吗?
Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkharder.(警告)
HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.(允诺)
Heshallbepunished.(威胁)
Thefineshallbegivenincash.罚款须以现金缴纳。
should意义
①(表义务、责任的)应该
②(表预期的)应该会,想必会,一定……会把
③(表惊讶、遗憾的)竟然、居然
④(与疑问词连用,表意外、惊讶、纳闷等的)究竟是,到底
⑤(用于表示命令、建议、请求等词后面的that从句中,且should可以省略)应该,必须
①Youshouldapologizetohim.
②Thephotosshouldbereadyby12:00.
③I’msurprisedthatyoushouldspeakinsuchaway.
④WhoshouldccomeinbutmyoldfriendBetty.我当究竟是谁进来了呢,原来是我的老朋友贝蒂呀。
⑤Isuggestedthathe(should)changehismind.
Mysuggestionwasthathe(should)changehismind.
注意:oughtto表示“应该”(与should同义,只是语气稍重一些),也可表示推测。
Yououghttotakecareofhim.
Heoughttobehomebynow.
8.will/would
①请求、建议,would比will委婉客气
Wouldyoupassmethebook?
②表示意志、愿望和决心
Iwillneverdothatagain.
Theyaskedusifwewoulddothatagain
③可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向
Duringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweek
Thewoundwouldnotheal.
④表示估计或猜想
Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.
Whatwouldshebedoingthere?
9.dare和need
①need作为情态动词只有一种形式,只用于否定句和疑问句。
②dare作为情态动词用时有两中形式:dare和dared两个词形。
除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外,还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。
Ifhedarecome,Iwillkickhimout.
Idon’tknowwhetherhedaresay.
Note:Hedoesn’tdare(to)answerthequestion.
Doesshedare(to)enterthedarkroom?
10.情态动词+havedone的用法
①could+havedone:本可以做而实际上未能做
Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.
②cannot+havedone:表示对过去行为的否定推测
Hecannothavebeentothattown.
③can+主语+havedone:表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定
Canhehavegotthebook?
④might(may)+havedone:对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测
Hemaynothavefinishedthework.
Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.
(Mood:mightmay,possibility:mightmay)
⑤must+havedone:对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为:cannothavedone
Youmusthaveseenthefilm.
Youcannothaveseenthefilm.
⑥needn’t+havedone:本来不必要做的而实际上又做了
Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.
注意:didn’tneedto(haveto)do:没有必要做而实际上也没有做
Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit2hoursago.
⑦should(oughtto)+havedone:本来应该做而实际上又没有做。
其否定形式表示某种行为不该发生却发生了。
Youshouldhavestartedearlier,butyoudidn’t.
Sheshouldn’thavetakenawaymymeasuringtape,forIwantedtouseit.
注意:本结构还可以表“推测”的意思
Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow.
到现在他应该已经做完那项工作了。
11.其它情态动词
①haveto
haveto表示“必须,不得不”,在这个意义上与must很接近,但must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而
haveto表示的却是客观需要.haveto比must有更多的形式。
TheTVsetisbroken.Ihavetobuyanewone.
Thestudentswillhavetoknowhowtousethecomputers.
注意:在回答must的问句时,否定式常用neednot(needn’t)或don’thaveto表示“不必”。而不用
mustnot,因为mustnot表示“不可以”。
②usedto
表示过去的习惯动作或状态(现在已不复如此)
—Didyouusetogotheretoseeyourbrother?/Usedyoutogotheretoseeyourbrother?
—Yes,Idid(usedto)./No,Ididn’t(usedn’t).
注意:would也可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,但是不涉及到现在。
③hadbetter
表示“最好(做……)”
Wehadbettergonow.
其否定式为hadbetternot
II.虚拟语气
(一)一般虚拟结构
类别用法例句
If引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词:过去式(be用were)
主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.
与过去事实相反从句动词:had+过去分词
主句动词:should/would/could/might+have+过去分词IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.
与将来事实相反从句动词:过去式/should+动词原形/were+不定式
主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.
注意:主句中的should只用于I、we,但在美国英语中,should常被would代替;从句中的should可用于各种人称,且不可以被would所代替。
(二)混合虚拟结构
1.不同时间的虚拟
Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow.(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反)
Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反)
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.(从句与现在事实相反,主句与过去事实相反)
Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.(从句与过去事实相反,and后面的主句与现在事实相反)
2.虚拟与陈述的混合
Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.
Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.
(三)特殊句式虚拟结构
1.省略连词if。在书面语中,如果虚拟条件从句中有were,had或should,可以把if省略,把这几个词放到主语之前,构成主谓倒装。
Shouldhecome(Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.他要是来了,让他给我打个电话。
WereIyou(IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你,就不做这事。
2.suggest,order,propose,request,require,demand,advise,insist+宾语从句(should)do
Hesuggestedthatwe(should)savemoneyforthefuture.
Theundergraduateinsistedthathe(should)gotoworkinthesouth.
注意:当suggest表示暗示,insist表示坚持观点,事实时,后接的宾语从句应当用真实语气。
Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.
Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople’shealth.
3.Itissuggested/advised/ordered/requested/required…+that从句(should)do
Itisproposedthatmorestudentsshouldgotouniversity.
4.Myadvice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal…+is+表语从句(should)do
MyadviceisthatyoushouldpractisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.
Theorderfromthecommanderwasthatthetroopsshouldsetoffforthefrontimmediately.
5.Hissuggestion/advice/request/requirement…+同位语从句(should)do+is..
Therequestthattheyshouldgetmoreisreasonable.
6.Itisnatural/necessary/strange+that从句(should)do表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。
It’sstrangethatheshouldhavemissedthetrain.(表竟然)
Itisimportantthatweshouldlearnfromothers.(表理应如此)
Itisapitythatheshouldnotgowithus.(表惊讶、不满)
7.wish+thatclause(did/were与现在相反)
wish+thatclause(would/could/might+do与将来相反)
wish+thatclause(haddone与过去相反)
IwishIcouldgowiththemtomorrow.
IwishIhadnevermethim.
8.Itis(high/about)time+从句(did或shoulddo)
Itis(high/about)timewewenthome.
9.wouldrather+clause(did与现在或将来相反);(haddone与过去相反)
Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.
Iwouldratheryouhadn’ttoldherthenews.
10.省去条件从句或主句:表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略,但其含义仍可以推知。
①省去条件从句
Youcouldhavewashedyourclothesyourself.你本可以自已洗衣服的。
省去了"Ifyouhadwantedto")(事实是:你自己没洗衣服,因为你不想洗。)
②省去主句(常用以表示愿望)Ifonly+clause(did/were与现在相反)/(would/could/might+do与将来相反)/(haddone与过去相反)“要是…….就好了“
Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme!如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世。)
Ifonlyshehadnotleft!如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)
Ifonlyhewouldcometomorrow!
IfonlyIhadtakenheradvice!
IfonlyIweretenyearsyounger!
注意:onlyif是“只要”的意思,从句中用陈述语气。
11.asif+clause(did/were与现在相反)/(would/could/might+do与将来相反)/(haddone与过去相反)
ShetreatsKateasifshewereherowndaughter.
Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.
12.wouldlike/was/weretohavedonesomething
Iwouldliketohaveattendedtheparty,butoneofmyfriendscametoseeme.
13.butfor+名词
Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.
14.注意虚拟条件从句的特殊形式
Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.
Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesunsheat,theearthatnightwouldbefreezingcold.
15.注意转折语气连词引导的虚拟语气
Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehewouldhavescoredagoal.
ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsIshouldhavewrittenitdownforher.
Thecaptainkeptcalmintheterriblestorm,otherwisetheaccidentwouldnthavebeenprevented.
Yesterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,shemighthavesaidsomethingshewouldregretlater.
16.注意分词和独立结构引导的虚拟语气
Givenmorethantwohours,wecouldhavedonetheworkbetter.
Nothavingfinishedthework,hecouldnthaveseenthisfilm.

1.Whydidntyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtoday?I_____allthewayhere_____theheavysnow.
A.neednthavedriven;throughB.canthavedriven;across
C.mustnthavedriven;throughD.shouldnthavedriven;cross
2.—Mum,it’snoneofmybusiness.Why_____Icare?
—Justbecausesheisyoursister.
A.canB.shouldC.willD.may
3.—Ididn’tknowyouweregoodfriends.
—You_____.Ihaveknownhersinceshemovedhere.Youwerestudyingabroadthen.
A.mayhaveB.needn’thaveC.couldn’thaveD.musthave
4.—Theconcertwaswonderful!
—Really?HowIwishI______tothetheatrewithyouyesterday!
A.hadgoneB.mightgoC.wereabletogoD.wouldgo
5.Thetwostrangershavebeentalkingintheparkforalongtimeasthoughthey______oldfriends.
A.areB.shouldbeC.wereD.wouldbe
6.______theheavyrain,we______thetown.
A.Butfor;shouldhavereachedB.Becauseof;wouldhavereached
C.Duringtheperiodof;wewouldreachD.Inspiteof;weshouldhavereached
7.—IfWilliam_______,he_______thatgreenpeach.
—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalintime.
A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken
C.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken
8.—IsitgoodtolookupeverynewwordwhenIcomeacrossitinreading?
—No.You______becauseyouarelikelytoguessthemeaningfromthecontext.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.don’thavetoD.oughtnotto
9.—______Iuseyourcomputertosendane-mail?
—Yes,you______.Butyoumustn’tkeepittoolong.I’llsurftheInternetaftersupper.
A.Could;couldB.Could;mustC.Can;canD.Could;can
10.Whenhelivedthere,he______gotothatbookshopatthecornerwithhisgirlfriendafterworkeveryday.
A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might
11.—Ihearyou’vegotasetofAustraliancoins.______Ihavealook?
—Yes,certainly.
A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should
12.—Whathappenedtotheyoungtreesweplantedlastweek?
—Thetrees______well,butIdidn’twaterthem.
A.mightgrowB.needn’thavegrownC.wouldgrowD.wouldhavegrown
13.What______hadBobwalkedfarther,asfarastheriverbank?
A.wouldhappenB.couldhappenC.wouldhavehappenedD.needn’thavehappened
14.Hurryup,Tom.It’shightimewe______tothetheater.
A.willB.shallC.aregoingtoD.went
15.—Doyouthinkhewilldomeafavor?
—AsfarasIknow,heisthelastonetohelpothers.He______bepreparedtogiveyouahand,though.
A.mightB.mustC.canD.should
16.EventhoughI’dhurtmyleg,I______swimbacktotheriverbank.
A.couldB.mightC.hadtoD.wasableto
17.—Itisrathercoldhere.Shallwelightafire?
—No,we______becausethingsareeasytocatchfire.
A.won’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t
18.—Wouldyouhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible?
—Iwouldhave,butI______sobusythen.
A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbe
19.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe______thesewatchesand______free.
A.stole,setB.hadstolen,besetC.steal,besetD.hadstolen;mustbeset
20.I______youraddress,otherwiseI______youlongbefore.
A.hadforgotten,hadvisitedB.forgot,havevisited
C.forgot,wouldhavevisitedD.haveforgotten,wouldvisit
21.I______youabeautifulpresentforyourbirthday,butIwasshortofmoneyatthattime.
A.wouldbuyB.hadboughtC.wouldliketohaveboughtD.musthavebought 
22.—Doyoufeellike________thereorshallwetakeabus?
 —I’dliketowalk.Butsincethereisntmuchtimeleft,Idratherwe________ataxi.
A.walking,hireB.towalk,hireC.towalk,hiredD.walking,hired
23.—MissWhitehasdecidedtoexploreintheforestbyherself.
—She________askherboyfriendtoifshe________gowalkingintheforest.
A.needntto,darestohttp:/B.doesntneed,dares C.neednotto,daretoD.neednt,dare
24.Hisfailureintheexamsuggestedthathe__________theteacher’sinstructions.
A.can’thavefollowedhttp:/B.needn’thavefollowed
C.mustn’thavefollowedD.shouldn’thavefollowed
25.I_________you,butIdidn’tthinkyouwouldlistentome.
A.couldhavetoldB.musthavetoldC.shouldtellD.mightrell
26.—MsLinlooksratherakindlady.
—Butinfactsheiscoldandhardonus.You_______believeit!http:/
A.shouldn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t
27.Themanager’shealthwasgettingworseandworsebecauseofheavyburden,sothedoctorstrongly
recommendedthatheaholiday.
A.tookB.wouldtakeC.musttakeD.take
28.—It’ssocold!Whynotclosethedoor?
—Sorry.It.I’llhaveitrepairedsoon.
A.won’tshutB.won’tbeshutC.hasn’tshutD.isn’tshut
29.Iwouldn’tmarryPatevenifshethelastwomanonearth.
A.isB.wasC.hadbeenD.were
30.Manystudentswilltakepartintheschoolsportsmeetingthisweek,soshesuggestedthattheclassmeeting_______heldonSaturday.
A.notbeB.nottobeC.benotD.benotto
31.________theproblem,hewouldnthavecommittedthosemistakes.
A.IfheunderstoodB.HadheunderstoodC.WhenhehadunderstoodD.Ifhewouldunderstood
32.—Butthosearesize44.Youmightneedasmallersize.
—Yes,I______abitofweight.Ihavebeentryingtoloseweight!
A.willhavelostB.shouldhavelostC.mayhavelostD.can’tlose
33.—AreyougoingtoLloyd’sbirthdaypartyonFriday?
—Onlyifit______,hesaidhewashavingapicnicparty.
A.wouldn’trainB.doesn’trainC.won’trainD.hadn’trained
34.IfSanluGroup__________melaminetothemilk,thebabies________toomuchfromkidneystones.
A.didn’tadd;wouldnotsufferedB.hadn’tadded;wouldn’thavesuffered
C.hasn’tadded;wouldn’thavesufferedD.hadn’tadded;wouldhavesuffered
35.—Theresearchonthenewbirdfluvirusvaccineischallenginganddemanding.Whodoyouthinkcandothe
job?
—____mystudentshaveatry?
A.ShallB.WillC.CouldD.Should
1-5ABCAC6-10ABCDA11-15BDCDA16-20DCCBC
21-25CDDAA26-30BDADA31-35BCBBA

高考二轮复习英语考案:情态动词和虚拟语气


2010高考二轮复习英语考案:情态动词和虚拟语气

1.—Thatmustbeamistake.
 —No,it_____amistake.
A.mustnotbe B.needn’tbe C.cannotbe D.wouldnotbe
2.—_____IwaterthetreesonTuesday?
 —No,youneedn’t.
A.CanB.MustC.MayD.Shall
3.He_____notpayunlessheispunishedtopay.
A.shallB.willC.canD.would
4.I_____suchamistakeagain.
A.shallnevermakeB.maynevermake
C.canneverdoD.needneverdo
5.—_____Iturnontheradio?
 —You’dbetternot.Itisnoisyenoughinthisroom.
A.ShallB.MustC.NeedD.Do
6.Let’sgotothelibrarythisafternoon,_____?
A.shallweB.willweC.canweD.shouldwe
7.Wherearemykeys?I_____lostthem.
A.oughttoB.shouldhave C.willhave D.musthave
8.Evenifhehastime,he_____shoppingintownonSunday.
A.won’tgoB.willgoC.won’tgotoD.doesn’tgo
9.He_____finishedearlier.
A.shallhaveB.oughttoC.couldhave D.musthave
10.IncaseI_____,Iwouldtryagain.
A.willfailB.wouldmiss C.shouldfail D.shallmiss
11.Sincetheroadiswetthismorning,_____lastnight.
A.itmustrainB.itmusthaverained
C.itmustberainedD.itmusthavebeenrained
12.Heaskedmeifhe_____openthewindow.
A.shallB.wouldC.willD.should
13.Everyone_____dohisbesttomaketheworldsafeandclean.
A.canB.mayC.shouldD.hadto
14._____tohavelunchwithustoday?
A.Doyoulike B.WouldyoulikeC.WillyoulikeD.Haveyoulike
15.—Willyoulendmeyourbook?
—Yes,I_____.
A.willB.needC.canD.must
16.IfIhadtime,_____seethatnewmovieattheCapitalTheater.
A.IwillB.ImayC.IshallD.Iwould
17.TheEnglishofhercompositionistoogood.Shecan’t_____itherself.
A.havetowriteB.havewritten C.writeD.bewritten
18.You_____thelookonhisfacewhenhewonthelottery.
A.wouldhaveseenB.canbeseeing C.mustseeD.maysee
19.Thelightisoutinherroom;she_____tobed.
A.musthavegoneB.hadgoneC.mustbegoingD.mustgo
20.They_____thatfar;buttheystoppedtohaveasnackontheway.
A.mightbegoneB.neededgoC.couldhavegoneD.oughthavegone
21.He_____tothefarmyesterday.
A.needgoB.neededgoC.hastogoD.hadtogo
22.HeissostrongthatI_____fightagainsthim.
A.darenotB.diddarenot C.didn’tdaretoD.darenotto
23.Icouldn’t_____crywhileIwaswatchingthemovie“Tolive A.helptoB.helpC.helpbutto D.helpbut
24.TheyaskedTomtogivehimadrink,buthe_____.
A.hadn’tB.wasn’tC.wouldn’tD.could
25.Asphysicsishardenough,I_____studyit.
A.amnotableB.couldn’tC.amnotableto D.cannot
26.You_____tothemeetingthismorningifyouhavesomethingimportanttodoA.needn’ttocomeB.don’tneedcome
C.don’tneedcomingD.needn’tcome
27._____youfetchmesomehotwater?
A.Can B.MayC.MustD.Might
28.You_____getdownthebusuntilthebushasstopped.
A.can’tB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.don’t
29.—Wouldyoucomeandjoinus?
 —IwishI_____.Iambusyatthemoment.
A.canB.couldC.wouldD.should
30.You_____right,butIdon’tthinkyouare.
A.maybeB.couldbeC.wouldbeD.shouldbe
31.Shelookssosad.She_____ill.
A.canbeB.shouldbe C.mustbeD.willbe
32.He_____away.Wedon’tseehimanywherearound.
A.maygoB.mustgoC.cangoD.musthavegone
33.Heismuchricherthanwhathe_____.
A.wouldbeB.mustbeC.usedtobeD.couldbe
34.Thelittlekid_____nottouchthedog.
A.needB.dareC.oughtD.could
35.Iwanttogotothehospital,butyou_____withme.
A.needtonottogoB.donotneedgoC.neednotgo D.needgonot
36.Whenhewasold,MrSmith_____sitforhourswithoutsayinganything.
A.wouldB.shouldC.mustD.will
37.Mary_____beinLondonbecauseIsawherintownjustnow.
A.mustn’tB.isn’tabletoC.maynotD.cannot
38.Thedoorisstillclosed.He_____thekey.
A.musthavelostB.mustlose C.needhavelostD.canlost
39.Thebushadleft,sowe_____walkhome.
A.havetoB.oughtC.hadtoD.must
40.You_____seeher,butImust.
A.haven’tB.cannotC.mustn’tD.needn’t
41.“_____youplaybaseball?”“No,I_______”.
A.Can;mayB.Can’t;can’tC.May;can’tD.can;can
42.“______Ihandinthepaperthisweek?”“No,you______.You_____handitinnextweek.
A.Must;needn’t;mayB.will;mustn’t;oughtto
C.Shall;can’t;havetoD.Should;didn’thaveto;can
43.Therewerealready4peopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakeJohnaswell.It______acomfortablejourney.
A.can’tbeB.wouldn’tbe
C.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen
44.It’snearlyeighto’clock.They______behereatanymoment.
A.mustB.canC.shouldD.need
45.“______Itakethemagazineoutofthereadingroom?”“Sorry,you_____.”
A.May;mustn’tB.Must;can’t
C.will;didn’thavetoC.Can;aren’tableto
46.Thebosssaytothesecretary,“Ifyouworkwell,you_____havearise.”
A.shallB.wouldC.mustD.ought
47.Let’ssingasong,______we?
A.willB.can’tC.shallD.do
48.“______yougososoon?”“No,I______goyet.”
AMust;mustn’tB.Shall;won’tC.Can;maynotD.Must;needn’t
49.ThebookIborrowedfromthelibraryisn’there.Who__________?
A.couldhavetakenitB.musthavetakenit
C.mighttakeitD.shouldtakeit.
50.“Theywenttothelecture,butithadbeenputoff.”“Oh,sothey_______.”
A.needn’thavegoneB.shouldhavegone
C.mustn’thavegoneD.don’tneedtogo
51.“________Ihaveaglassofbeer?”“No,I’mafraidyou________.”
A.Can’t;can’tB.Could;won’tC.May;daren’tD.Shall;may
52.“Isn’tthatTomplayingbasketball?”“It______be;hefellofftheladderyesterdayandgotbadlyhurt.”
A.mustn’tB.wouldrathernotC.couldn’tD.wouldn’t
53.“Needhego?”“Yes,he______.”
A.needB.canC.mayD.must
54.Tellmehowyouworkouttheanswer,_______you?
A.canB.willC.don’tD.shan’t
55.Youpromisedyourfriendaletter;yououghtto______daysago.
A.writeB.bewritingC.havewrittenD.bewritten
56.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam_____beforeeleven.
A.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished
57.Shemadethedemandthatthejournalists_____atonce______Iraq.
A.leave;forB.leave;toC.left;toD.tobeleft;for58.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_____there.
A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.hasgone
59.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand_____free.
A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbeset
C.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset
60.Isuggestedthere____beakindoflanguageallcouldunderstandanduse____
A.can;itB./;/C.would;itD.may;/
61.Thesuggestionhasbeenmade_____thebasketballgame_____putoff.
A.for;toB.that;beC.which;shouldbeD.to;being
62.Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies_____toBeijingfortheSarssoon.
A.wouldbesentB.shouldsendC.besentD.mustbesent
63.Itisimportantthatwe_____wildanimals.
A.willprotectB.shouldprotectC.shallprotectD.areprotecting
64.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_____allrightnow.
A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen
65._____anychangeaboutthedate,pleasetellmeimmediately.
A.WilltherebeB.ShouldtherebeC.TherewillbeD.Thereshouldbe
66._____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.
A.WouldheleaveB.Washeleaving
C.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave
67.Shoulditrain,thecrops_____.
A.wouldbesavedB.wouldhavebeensaved
C.willbesavedD.hadbeensaved
68.You_____comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.
A.wouldB.shouldhaveC.mayD.have
69.Hetreatedmeasthough/asif_____hisownson.
A.IamB.IwouldbeC.IwasD.Iwere
70.I_____yousomemoney,butIhadn’tanyonmethen.
A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelent
71.Afewminutesearlierandwe_____therain.
A.havecaughtB.hadcaught
C.couldhavecaughtD.weretocatch
72.---“HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?”
---“No,butIwishI_____”
A.haveB.willC.doD.had
73.I’mgladIwentoverallmynotes;otherwise_____.
A.ImayhavefailedB.I’dfail
C.I’dhavefailedD.I’llhavefailed
74.---“Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholiday?”
---“Idon’tknow,butit’shightime_____something.”
A.I’mdecidingB.I’lldecideC.IdecidedD.Idecide
75.Whatshouldwedoifit_____tomorrow?
A.shouldsnowB.wouldsnowC.snowD.willsnow
76.IfonlyI_____mywatch!
A.hadn’tlostB.haven’tlostC.didn’tlostD.don’tlose
77.You_____suchaseriousmistakeifyouhadfollowedhisadvice.
A.maynotmakeB.mightnotmake
C.shouldn’thavemadeD.mightnothavemade
78.We_____theworkontimewithoutyourhelp.
A.hadn’thadfinishedB.didn’thavefinished
C.couldn’thavefinishedD.can’thavefinished
79.---“Wherehaveyoubeen?”
---“Igotcaughtintraffic;otherwise_____sooner.”
A.IwouldbehereB.Ihavebeenhere
C.IhadbeenhereD.Iwouldhavebeenhere
80.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatyou_____ill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.
A.wereB.hadbeenC.areD.shouldbe
81.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam_____beforeeleven.
A.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished
82.Shemadethedemandthatthejournalists_____atonce______Iraq.
A.leave;forB.leave;toC.left;toD.tobeleft;for
83.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_____there.
A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.hasgone
84.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand_____free.
A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbeset
C.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset
85.Isuggestedthere____beakindoflanguageallcouldunderstandanduse____.
A.can;itB./;/C.would;itD.may;/
86.Thesuggestionhasbeenmade_____thebasketballgame_____putoff.
A.for;toB.that;beC.which;shouldbeD.to;being
87.Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies_____toBeijingfortheSarssoon.
A.wouldbesentB.shouldsendC.besentD.mustbesent
88.Itisimportantthatwe_____wildanimals.
A.willprotectB.shouldprotectC.shallprotectD.areprotecting
89.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_____allrightnow.
A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen
90._____anychangeaboutthedate,pleasetellmeimmediately.
A.WilltherebeB.ShouldtherebeC.TherewillbeD.Thereshouldbe
91._____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.
A.WouldheleaveB.Washeleaving
C.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave
92.Shoulditrain,thecrops_____.
A.wouldbesavedB.wouldhavebeensaved
C.willbesavedD.hadbeensaved
93.You_____comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.
A.wouldB.shouldhaveC.mayD.have
94.Hetreatedmeasthough/asif_____hisownson.
A.IamB.IwouldbeC.IwasD.Iwere
95.I_____yousomemoney,butIhadn’tanyonmethen.
A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelent
96.Afewminutesearlierandwe_____therain.
A.havecaughtB.hadcaughtC.couldhavecaughtD.weretocatch
97.---“HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?”
---“No,butIwishI_____”
A.haveB.willC.doD.had
98.I’mgladIwentoverallmynotes;otherwise_____.
A.ImayhavefailedB.I’dfail
C.I’dhavefailedD.I’llhavefailed
99.---“Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholiday?”
---“Idon’tknow,butit’shightime_____something.”
A.I’mdecidingB.I’lldecideC.IdecidedD.Idecide
100.Whatshouldwedoifit_____tomorrow?
A.shouldsnowB.wouldsnowC.snowD.willsnow
101.IfonlyI_____mywatch!
A.hadn’tlostB.haven’tlostC.didn’tlostD.don’tlose
102.You_____suchaseriousmistakeifyouhadfollowedhisadvice.
A.maynotmakeB.mightnotmake
C.shouldn’thavemadeD.mightnothavemade
103.We_____theworkontimewithoutyourhelp.
A.hadn’thadfinishedB.didn’thavefinished
C.couldn’thavefinishedD.can’thavefinished
104.---“Wherehaveyoubeen?”
---“Igotcaughtintraffic;otherwise_____sooner.”
A.IwouldbehereB.Ihavebeenhere
C.IhadbeenhereD.Iwouldhavebeenhere
105.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatyou_____ill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.
A.wereB.hadbeenC.areD.shouldbe
参考答案:1—5CBBAA 6—10ADACC 11—15BDCBA 16—20DBAAC21—25DADCC 26—30DACBA 31—35CDCBC36—40ADACD41-45BADCA46-50ACDAA51-55ACDBC56-60.CAABB61-65.BCBCB66-70.CAABDB71—75.CDCCA76-80.ADCDC81-85.CAABB86-90.BCBCB91-95.CAABDB96—100.CDCCA101-105.ADCDC

高考二轮复习英语教案:情态动词和虚拟语气


一名优秀的教师就要对每一课堂负责,教师要准备好教案,这是每个教师都不可缺少的。教案可以让学生能够听懂教师所讲的内容,让教师能够快速的解决各种教学问题。那么一篇好的教案要怎么才能写好呢?小编经过搜集和处理,为您提供高考二轮复习英语教案:情态动词和虚拟语气,供大家借鉴和使用,希望大家分享!

2010高考二轮复习英语教案:情态动词和虚拟语气
情态动词和虚拟语气要点概览如下:
1.can和could的用法及区别;
2.may和might的用法;
3.must的用法;
4.shall用于不同人称时的用法;
5.should表示推测时的用法;
6.will和would表示意愿、习惯和倾向性时的用法;
7.“情态动词+havedone”的用法;
8.表示建议、命令、要求的动词后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气的用法;
9.一些固定句式或结构中虚拟语气的用法;
10.一些隐含、混合情况的虚拟语气。
对于情态动词考纲要求学生要掌握情态动词的基本用法和辨析。最近几年高考试题中常常借助语境来考查情态动词的基本用法及其区别,因此在平时学习时准确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法十分重要。情态动词的用法复杂多变,在高考试题中,命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生对情态动词的理解和掌握。对于情态动词,除了要求考生能够准确掌握它们的基本用法外,还要充分利用高考试题所设置的语境来分析句子之间所体现的特殊关系。对于虚拟语气考纲要求考生要掌握基本情态动词的用法、在各种句式、隐含、混合等句中的虚拟语气用法,根据考纲的要求,虚拟语气部分主要考查情态动词的选择、虚拟语气在条件句中、在名词性从句中、在简单句中或在日常交际中的使用等基本用法。因此依据语境来判断虚拟语气的不同形式是高考试题的主要设题方法之一。在近年的高考试题中,出现了对陈述语气与虚拟语气辨析的考查,虚拟语气在各种从句中的应用是该部分的重点掌握内容。
情态动词是高考的重要考点,看似简单,但用法相近、复杂,学生学起来有时区分不开。首先教师应该让考生准确掌握每个情态动词的用法,然后对于相近意义的情态动词进行比较,尤其是表示推测的一些情态动词以及在虚拟语气中运用,让学生在辨析中学,在训练中体验、理解、掌握,要注重和语境结合和说话者的语气结合;其次再掌握情态动词的固定句式和固定用法即可;虚拟语气是高考考查的重点语法项目,虽然不是每套题都涉及,但在近几年的考题中也有不少出现。由于汉语中没有这种语法情况,对于以汉语为母语的我们来说有很大的理解难度。命题者在试题的有效信息方面越来越隐蔽,情景越来越生动,真实,考查的角度也越来越灵活。要掌握好这一语法项目,要求考生:1.熟记并掌握虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的使用规则;2.熟练掌握虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用;3.掌握一些特殊句型中要运用虚拟语气的具体规则。
情态动词的用法
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必须”或“应当”等之意。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。但不能单独作谓语动词用,必须和不带to的不定式连用构成谓语动词。只有情态动词ought要和带to的动词不定式连用,在句中作谓语用。将情态动词置于主语之前即构成其疑问式,在情态动词之后加not既构成其否定式。现将各情态动词的基本用法分述如下:
1、can和could(could为can的过去式)的基本用法
(1)表示能力,如:HecanspeakEnglishbetterthanyou.
(2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”,如:CanthisgreenbikebeLiuDongs?
(3)表示“许可”时can可以和may换用,如:Youcan(may)gohomenow.
(4)如果要表示语气婉转,可用could代替can,这时could不再是can的过去式,如:Couldyoucomeagaintomorrow?(5)can和beableto都可表示能力,两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是can只能有现在式和过去式,而beableto则有更多的形式,如:Hewillbeabletodotheworkbetter.
2、may和might(might为may的过去式)的基本用法
(1)表示允许或征询对方许可,有“可以”之意,如:Youmayusemydictionary.在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时,一般多不用may或maynot,以避免语气生硬或不容气。而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。如:----MayIusethisdictionary?----Yes,please.或----Certainly.在请求对方许可时,如果MightI…?就比用MayI…?语气更婉转些,如:MayIhavealookatyournewcomputer?但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时,要用mustnot代替maynot,如:----Mayweswiminthislake?----No,youmustn’t.It’stoodangerous.
(2)may或might都可以表示可能性,表示“或许”、“可能”之意,如果用might表示可能性,则语气更加不肯定,如:Theymay(might)beinthelibrarynow.
3、must的基本用法
(1)must表示“必须”、“应该”之意,其否定式mustnot,缩写形式为mustnt,表示“不应该”,“不准”、“不许可”或“禁止”之意,如:Wemuststudyhardandmakeprogresseveryday.Youmustnttouchthefire.
(2)对以must提出的疑问句,如作否定回答时,要用neednt或用dont(doesnt)haveto(不必)来回答,而不用mustnt,因为mustnt表示的是“禁止”或“不许可”之意,如:----Mustwefinishtheworktomorrow?----No,youneednt(donthaveto),butyoumustfinishitinthreedays.
(3)在肯定句中must可以表示推测,表示“一定”或“必定”之意,如:----Whosenewbikecanitbe?----ItmustbeLiuDongs.Iknowhisfatherhasjustboughthimanewone.
4、can,could,may,must后接完成式的用法
(1)can,could后接完成式的用法:①在否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态度,Couldhehavesaidso?②在肯定句中,可以表示过去可能做到而实际并没做到的事情,有“劝告”或“责备”的语气。如:----Whendidyouanswerherletter?----Onlyyesterday.----Itstoolate.Youcouldhaveanswereditearlier,Iamsure.
(2)may,might后接完成式的用法①表示对过去某事的推测,认为某一件事情在过去可能发生了。如果使用might,语气就比较婉转或更加不肯定,如:MarymighthavelearnedsomeChinesebefore.②可以表示过去本来可以做到而实际没有做到的事情,有“劝告”或“责备”的语气,如:Youdidntdotheworkwellthatday.Youmighthavedoneitbetter.
(3)must后接完成式的用法:表示对过去某事的推测,认为某事在过去一定做到了,如:LiuDongisn’tintheclassroom.Hemusthavegonetothelibrary.
5、haveto的基本用法:haveto和must的意义相近,只是must侧重表示说话人的主观看法,而haveto则表示客观需要,如:Imuststudyhard.Ihadtogiveitupbecauseofillness.
6、oughtto的基本用法
(l)表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事,语气比should强,例如:Everyoneoughttoobeythetrafficregulations.(2)表示推测,注意与must表示推测时的区别:Hemustbehomebynow.(断定他已到家),Heoughttobehomebynow.(不十分肯定),Thisiswheretheoilmustbe.(比较直率),Thisiswheretheoiloughttobe.(比较含蓄);(3)“ought+have+过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。例如:Yououghttohavehelpedhim.(butyoudidn’t)这时,ought与should可以互相换用。注意,在美国英语中oughtto用于否定和疑问句时to可以省略。例如:Oughtyousmokesomuch?Yououghtn’tsmokesomuch.
7、dare的基本用法
(l)dare(dared为其过去式)作情态动词用时,主要用于否定句,疑问句和条件从句中,如:Daredhebreadthetrafficregulationsagain?(2)在现代英语中dare常用作行为动词,其变化与一般行为动词相同,如:Shedarestostayathomealoneatnight.
8、need的基本用法
(1)need作情态动词用时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,如:Heneedntworryaboutusnow.(2)need也可作为行为动词用,可用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句中,其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带to的动词不定式为其宾语。如:Youneedtopractisereadingaloudeveryday.(3)neednt后接完成式可以表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情,如:----Didyouanswertheletteryesterday?----Yes,Idid.----Butyouneedn’thaveansweredit.
9、shall的基本用法
(1)shall用作情态动词时,用于第二、三人称,表示说活人的意愿,可表示“命令”、“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意,如:Heshallgofirst,whetherhewantstoornot.(2)在疑问句中,shall用于第一、三人称,表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示,如:ShallIopenthedoor?
10、should的基本用法
(1)should作为情态动词可以表示“建议”或“劝告”,有“应该”之意,如:Youshouldlearnfromeachother.(2)should后接完成式表示过去没有做到本来应该做的事情,或是做了本来不应该做的事情。如:Youshouldhavegivehimmorehelp.
11、will的基本用法
(1)用于各人称,可以表示“意志”或“决心”,如:Ihavetoldhimagainandagaintostopsmoking,buthewillnotlisten.(2)在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿,如:WillyoupleasetellmehowtogettotheCapitalGymnasium?(3)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作,有“总是”或“会要”之意,如:Everymorninghewillhaveawalkalongthisriver.
12、would的基本用法
(1)would作为will的过去式,可用于各人称,表示过去时间的“意志”或“决心”,如:Hepromisedhewouldneversmokeagain.
(2)在疑问句中,用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或许问对方的意愿时,比用will的气更加婉转,如:Wouldyoulikesomemorecoffee?
(3)在日常生活中,学用“Iwouldliketo…”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意,以使语气婉转,如:IwouldliketodoEx.2first.
(4)would可以表示过去的习惯动作,比usedto正式,并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如:LastyearourEnglishteacherwouldsometimestellusstoriesinEnglishafterclass./Duringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweek.
(5)表料想或猜想,如:Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome./Whatwouldshebedoingthere?/Ithoughthewouldhavetoldyouaboutit.
13、usedto,hadbetter,wouldrather的用法
(1)usedto表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在已不存在,在间接引语中,其形式可不变,例如:Hetoldusheusedtoplayfootballwhenhewasyoung.在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中,可有两种形式。疑问句:Didyouuseto/Usedyoutogotothesameschoolasyourbrother?否定句:Iusedn’tto/didn’tusetogothere.(usedn’t也可写作usen’t);否定疑问句:Usen’tyouto/Didn’tyouusetobeinterestedinthetheatre?强调句:Icertainlyusedto/didusetosmoke,butitwasalongtimeago.;其反意疑问句或简略回答中,也有两种形式:Sheusedtobeveryfat.didn’tshe?/use(d)n’tshe?Didyouusetoplaychess?Yes,Idid./Usedyoutogetupearlyinthemorning?Yes,Idid./usedto.
(2)hadbetter意为“最好”,后接不带to的不定式,例如:----Wehadbettergonow.----Yes,wehad(wedbetter/wehadbetter)./Hadn’twebetterstopnow?(Hadwebetternotstopnow?)/IthinkI’dbetterbegoing.(用于进行时态,表“最好立即”)/Youhadbetterhavedonethat(用于完成时态,表未完成动作)注:hadbetter用于同辈或小辈,对长辈不可用。
(3)wouldrather意为“宁愿”,表选择,后接不带to的不定式,例如:I’drathernotsayanything./Wouldyouratherworkonafarm?/----Wouldn’tyouratherstayhere?----No,Iwouldnot.I’drathergothere.由于wouldrather表选择,因而后可接than,例如:Iwouldratherworkonafarmthaninafactory./IwouldratherwatchTVthangotoseethefilm/Iwouldratherloseadozencherrytreesthanthatyoushouldtellmeonelie./I’dratheryoudidn’ttalkaboutthistoanyone.(句中的drather不是情态动词,would在此是表愿望的实义动词)。
虚拟语气的用法
一、语气的种类:英语句子中谓语动词的语气有四种:
1.直陈语气(TheIndicativeMood)直陈语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态:
Hehaspublishedquiteanumberofessaysthisyear.他今年已发表了好几篇论文。
2.祈使语气(TheImperativeMood)祈使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等:
Waitoutsideuntilyouareasked.请在外面等候,请你进再进去。
Letsjusttakeabreak,shallwe?我们休息一会儿,好吗?
3.疑问语气(theinterrogativemood):用来提出问题
Wherearefrom?
4.虚拟语气(TheSubjunctiveMood)虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在,它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的;或是其实现的可能性微乎其微,甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然,有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉,也使用虚拟语气。
Iwishyouweremorecareful.但愿你更细心一些。
IfIhadmoremoney,Iwouldbuyabiggerapartment.
我要是有再多一点钱,我就买一套更大一些房子。
Wouldyoumindshuttingthedoor?劳驾您把门关上。
二、虚拟语气的种类:虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多;条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
三、真实性条件句
1.真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况有可能发生,各种结构如下:
条件从句主句
一般现在时shall/will+动词原形
祈使句情态动词一般现在时
Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.如果他来,会带小提琴来的。
Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.
A. willrain B.rains C.rained D.israined
B真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。
1.在真实条件句中,主句不能用begoingto表示将来,该用shall,will.
(错)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.
(对)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.
2.表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用shall(will)+动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式
四、非真实条件句
1.虚拟语气可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况,时态的基本特点是时态往后推移
2.虚拟语气表
时间从句主句例句
与现在事实相反的假设一般过去时(be用were)Would/should/could/might/oughtto+动词原形1.Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.
2.Ifwehadenoughmoney,wewouldbuyacomputer.
3.IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’tdoit.
4.Ifitrainedtomorrow,we’dstayathome.
5.Itwouldbeoddifshewereawardedthefirstprize.
与过去事实相反的假设过去完成时Should/would/could/might+have+过去分词1.Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishouldhavetoldhimaboutit.
2.IfIhadbeeninherpositionI’dhavequit.
3.Iftheweatherhadn’tbeensobad,wemighthavegoneout.
4.Ifhehadapologized,youshouldhavedonesotoo.
5.IshouldneverhavedoneitifIhadn’tbeensohardup.
与将来不大可能发生的事情的假想一般过去时/should/would
+动词原形Should/would/could/might/oughtto+动词原形1.Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.
2.Iftheyinvitedme,Iwouldcertainlyattendit.
3.Ifhewent,wouldyougotoo?
与将来事实相反的假设were+不定式Should/would/could/might/oughtto+动词原形1.Ifsheweretoloseherplacetheywouldberuined.
2.Ifyouweretospeaktohim,itwouldcarrymoreweight.
五、混合条件句(也叫:错综时间条件句)
有时,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这种条件句叫做混合条件句
Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.如果你昨天问过他,今天就知道做什么了。(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)
1.Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).如果昨晚下过雨,今天就会很冷了。
2.Ifyou’dlistenedtome,youwouldn’tbeinsuchtroublenow.如果你听了我的话,你现在也不会这样麻烦了
3.Ifithadn’tbeenforhercare,Ishouldnotbespeakingtoyounow.如果不是她照顾我,我也不会在这里和你讲话
4.Ifthedoctorhadcomeintime,anywouldstillbealive.如果医生及时赶到,AMY现在还活着。
六、含蓄条件句:含蓄条件句是指非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来,只暗含在上下文中。含蓄条件句常见的表达方式有:
1.定语从句和状语从句
Anyonewhohadmarriedsuchagirlasshewouldhavebeenregretful.谁娶了像她这样的姑娘都会后悔的
helpwaspromisedwhereitshouldbecomenecessary.要是需要的话就答应给予帮助
2.介词及介词短语butthat,asthough,once,butfor,without,with,under,under…condition,supposing,suppose,asif,onconditionthat,inthepast等
Butforhispension,hewouldstarve.要不是有养老金,他都要饿死了
Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’thaveachievedallthis.要不是有你帮助我不会取得这些成就
Withhisaid,youwouldsucceed.如果有了他的帮助,你就会成功。
Plantswoulddiewithoutwaterontheearth.地球上如果没有水,植物就会死的
Butforthefogwewouldhavereachedourdestinationlongago.要是没有雾的话,我们很早就到目的地了
Undermorefavourableconditionswecouldhavefinishedthetask.如果条件对我们更有利,我们就会把工作完成得更好
3.连词otherwise,or,but
Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthehasbeensobusy.他本来要多给你一些帮助,只是他太忙了
Seizethechance,otherwiseyouwouldregretit.如果不抓住这个机会,你会后悔的
Hefeltverytiredyesterday,orhewouldhavehelpedyou.他昨天觉得很累,不然会帮你的
4.通过分词短语表示条件
Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.
Legalizingthisdrugwouldhavedisastrousconsequence.使毒品合法化会有灾难性的后果
5.用动词不定式表示条件
Itwouldbeamistakenottohelphim.
Shewouldhavedoneanythingtomakeamends.她会做任何事来弥补
特殊情况:情态动词在日常用语中用得很多,使句子显得比较委婉;这类谓语算不算虚拟语气很难说,但有两点是肯定的:
一是它们不受时态的影响,虽然形式接近过去式,却常指现在的情况,而且和虚拟语气在形式上一致,在不少情况下几乎可以说是一种含蓄的虚拟条件句;
二是它们不表示事实,常带有主观色彩,因而使句子显得很委婉。
Ishouldthinkthatmightbeagoodsolution.
couldItroubleyouwithaquestion?
couldyoulendmesomemoney?
wouldyoumindtakingpart?
wouldyoulikesometea?
七、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用
1.虚拟语气用在wouldrather,would(just)assoon,wouldsooner,wouldprefer(希望)等后接的宾语从句中。意指某人宁愿让另一个人做某事,其后的宾语从句的谓语动词需用虚拟语气。若表示现在或将来要做某事,从句谓语动词需用一般过去时,表示过去已经做的事,从句谓语动词用过去完成时。
Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughterdidnotworkinthesameoffice.经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。
Tobefrank,Idratheryouwerenotinvolvedinthecase.坦率地说,我希望你不要卷入这件事。
Youdonthavetobeinsuchahurry.Iwouldratheryouwentonbusinessfirst.你没有必要这么着急,我宁愿你先去上班。
Idratheryoudidntmakeanycommentontheissueforthetimebeing.我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。
Franklyspeaking,Idratheryoudidntdoanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.坦白地说我宁愿你现在对此事什么也不做。
Wouldntyouratheryourchildwenttobedearly?为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床呢?
①若某人愿自己做某事,wouldrather后用动词原形
Iwouldratherstayathometoday.
②wouldrather...than...中用动词原形
Iwouldratherstayathomethangoouttoday.
2.在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中,像order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,
insist+(should)do
Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.我建议下周召开个会议。
Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.他要求被派到那儿去。
如suggest,insist不表示"建议"或"坚持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
判断改错:(错)Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.
(对)Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.
(错)Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.
(对)Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.
3.wish的用法
1)wish后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望时,其宾语从句的动词形式为:
主句从句
从句动作先于主句动词动作(be的过去式为were)现在时过去时
从句动作与主句动作同时发生(had+过去分词)过去时/现在时过去完成时
将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时/现在时would/could+动词原形
IwishIwereastallasyou. 我希望和你一样高
Hewishedhehadntsaidthat.他希望他没讲过那样的话
Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了
Iwishthatheweren’tsolazy.但愿他不那么懒
Hewishesthathewereateacher.他希望他是个老师就好了
Iwishthathehadnotmadesomuchfussaboutit.但愿那时他对这事不那么大惊小怪
Iwishthattherainwouldstop.要是雨停就好了
2)在“itiswishedthat”句型以及作名词所引起的表语和同位语从句中也要求使用虚拟语气,用法同上。
3)wishtodo;wishsb/sthtodo
Iwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.我希望见一见经理。
Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.(=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.)我希望经理能马上得到消息
八、虚拟语气用在表语从句或同位语从句中
当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时,其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为should+动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有:advice,suggestion,proposal,order,demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation,aim,wish,necessity,preference,motion,plan,idea,resolution等。
Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussionbeputoff.我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议。
Thesuggestionthatthemayorpresenttheprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.由市长颁发奖金的建议被每个人接受。
Anyproposalsthatjohnshouldbedismissedmustberesisted.必须抵制任何开除JOHN的提议
Hisideathatweshouldtakeupthematterwithaspecialboardisfairlyresonable.他建议我们以一个专门委员会处理这件事,这的确有道理
Oursuggestionisthatweshouldputonaplayattheenglishevening.我们建议在英语晚会上演一个剧
九、在主语从句中的应用
Itis/was+necessary+that+主语+should+加动词原形,should可省略,表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等
可用的词有:suggested,ordered,required,proposed,demanded,requested,insisted,important,necessary,natural,imperative,strange,apity,ashame,nowonder,essential,advisable,mandatory,obligatory,vital,compulsory,crucial,fitting,better,best,appropriate,recommended…
十、虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的使用
1.虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中
在由lest,forfearthat,inorderthat,sothat,incaseof等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“以防,以免”等意思,其谓语动词多由should/could/might+动词原形构成,should也可省略。
Hewaspunishedlestheshouldmakethesamemistakeagain.他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。
Iremindedhertwiceofitlestsheshouldforget.我提醒她两次,怕她忘记
IwillnotmakeanoiseforfearthatIshoulddisturbhim.我不会出声的,以免打扰他
Ihavecomeallthewayhereinorderthatyoushouldunderstandme.我到这里来为的是你能理解我
Heputhiscoatoverhissonincaseheshouldcatchcold.他把大衣盖在儿子身上以免他着凉
注意:如果inorderthat和sothat前的主句是现在时,其后的从句有时也可用can,may+动词原形。
AskhimtohurryupwiththeletterssothatIcansignthem.让他带着信赶快来以便我签字
在以lest和incase引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词若属于过去时,一般要用虚拟语气,should+动词原形,若谓语动词不是过去时,也可以用成述语气。
takewarmclothesincasetheweatheriscold.带上厚衣服以防天变冷。
2.虚拟语气在方式状语从句中
在asif(asthough)引导的方式状语从句中,常用虚拟语气,表示‘似乎,好象’的意思,其动词形式与wish后接宾语从句中的形式相同。
AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhewereaRoman.艾伦谈起罗马来好像他是个罗马人一样。
IfeelasifIweretenyearsyounger.我觉得我仿佛年轻了10岁
Hetalksaboutpyramidsasthoughhehadseenthemhimself.他谈起金字塔来,就好象亲眼见过似的
Ifeelasifwehadknowneachotherforyears.我感到我们好象已经认识多年了
Itlooksasifitmightrain.看上去好象要下雨
十一、虚拟语气的倒装形式
在书面语中,如果条件从句含有were,had,should,可将连词if省略,再将were,had或should移至句首,构成非真实条件句的倒装语序
Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.他们现在在的话,就会帮助我们了。
Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.
你来得早一点,就碰到他了。
Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.假如下雨,庄稼就有救了。

_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.
A.IfwereIB.Iwere C.WereI D.WasI
答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前,变成were,should,had+主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说WereInottodo,而不能说WerentItodo.
e.g.Hadyoubeenherejustnow,youwouldhavemether.你要是刚才在这儿,就见到她了。
WereInotbusy,Iwouldhavecome.假如我不忙,我就会来了。
十二、其他句型
1.虚拟语气用在Itis+形容词+that的主语从句中
在某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等形容词后的主语从句中,需用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should+动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形。这类形容词有advisable(合理的),appropriate(适当的),compulsory(必须的),crucial(紧急的),desirable(理想的),essential(必要的),imperative(迫切的),important(重要的),incredible(惊人的),natural(自然的),necessary(必要的),possible(可能的),preferable(更好的),probable(可能的),strange(奇怪的),urgent(紧迫的),vital(极为重要的)。
Itisessentialthattheseapplicationformsbesentbackasearlyaspossible.这些申请表应尽早地寄回,这是很重要的。
Itisvitalthatenoughmoneybecollectedtofundtheproject.重要的是募集足够的钱,为这个项目提供资金。
2.虚拟语气用在Itis+过去分词+that的主语从句中
在Itis+过去分词+that的主语从句中,常用虚拟语气,表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向,谓语用should+动词原形或省略should只用动词原形。这类过去分词有:decided,demanded,desired,insisted,ordered,proposed,suggested,recommended,requested,required等。
Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadythisevening.希望我们今晚一切都准备就绪。
3.虚拟语气用在Itis(about/high)time+that定语从句中
在Itis(about/high)time+that定语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“该做……的时候了”,其动词形式用一般过去时或should+动词原形
Itsalready5oclocknow,Dontyouthinkitsabouttimewewenthome?已经5点钟了,你不认为我们应该回家了吗?
①在thisisthefirsttime/secondtimethat...句型中,从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态
IsthisthefirsttimethatyouhavevisitedHongkong?这是你第一次参观香港吗?
②Itstimetodosomething有别于Itstimethat...
4.比较ifonly与onlyif
onlyif表示"只有";ifonly则表示"如果……就好了"。Ifonly引起的句子,一般过去时或would+动词原形表示现在或未来事实相反,过去完成时表示与过去事实相反,也可用于陈述语气
Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。
Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung. 当时闹钟响就好了。
Ifonlyhecomesearly. 但愿他早点回来
Ifonlyweknewwheretolookforhim.我们要是知道到哪里去找他就好了
IfonlyIhadlistenedtomyparents.要是我听取了父母的话该多好啊
5.but或butthat表达的含蓄条件的特殊含义
but或butthat做“如果不……”解,意思相当与“ifnot”,其后面不可接虚拟模式,应接陈述式的现在时动词或过去时动词,即‘butthat+主语+现在时动词/过去式动词’,而主句要用虚拟式。
Butthatyouhelphim,hewouldfail.如果没有你的帮助,他会失败的
Butthatyouhelpedhim,hewouldhavefailed.如果没有你的帮助,他早就失败了
6.need“不必做”和“本不必做”
didntneedtodo表示过去不必做某事,事实上也没做;neednthavedone表示过去不必做某事,但事实上做了
JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,soshedidntneedtowalkbackhome.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了
JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,sosheneednthavewalkedbackhome.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家了,没有遇上John的车)

Therewasplentyoftime.She___.
A.mustnthavehurriedB.couldnthavehurried
C.mustnothurryD.neednthavehurried
Dneednthavedone.意为"本不必",即已经做了某事,而时实际上不必要。Mustnthavedone用法不正确,对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldnthavedone,"不可能已经"。mustnotdo不可以(用于一般现在时)
7.不定式的完成时用在intend,mean,plan,suppose等动词后,表示原打算做而实际未能做而实际未能做成的事,因而含有虚拟的意思
8.need/needn’t+havedone结构也可以表示虚拟语气,作‘本来有/没有必要做某事’
9.asitwere常插在句子中,表示‘姑且这样说,可说是’这类的意思
Heisagrown-upbaby,asitwere.他可说是一个大孩子了
Hebecame,asitwereakindofherofromastrangeland.他仿佛成了一个来自异乡的英雄
hewas,asitwere,intoxicatedbythesoftairandsunshineofspring.他可说是被春天的和风和阳光陶醉了
10.wouldthink本身就是虚拟语气,表示会认为,想到.
Anyonewouldthinkyouwereinlovewiththegirl.谁都会认为你是爱上了这个姑娘
anyonewouldthinkheownstheplace,thewayhetalks.听他这样谈话谁都会认为他是这里的老板
11.wouldhavethought本身也是虚拟语气,表示谁会想到,或原本会以为
Whowouldhavethoughttoseeyouhere.谁会想到在这里碰到你
Whowouldhavethoughtofsuchathing.谁会想到这样的事
Whowouldhavethoughtshe’dendupdancingforaliving.谁会想到她最后落得靠跳舞谋生
12.who/whatshould…that…表示原来是……
Whoshouldcomeinbuthisfirstwife.进来的原来是他的第一任妻子
whenIgotofftheboatwhomshouldIseebutRuggles.我下船的时候我见到一个人,原来是Ruggles.
whatshouldIfindbutanenormousspider.我看到的原来是一只特大的蜘蛛
13.wouldrather/sooner+不定式
Iwouldrather/soonerbeaminerthanabankclerk.我宁愿当矿工,而不愿当银行职员
He’drathergobycar.他宁愿坐汽车去
IfI’dlivedin1400,I’dratherhavebeenaknightthanamonk.如果我活在1400年,我宁愿当骑士而不当和尚
14.ifneedbe如果有必要
Ifneedbe,helphimtodoit.如果有必要,帮他去做
Iwillcomeifneedbe.如有必要我会来
I’llworkatnightifneedbe.如果有必要我可以晚上工作
15.虚拟语气用于表示祝愿的祈使句中,动词一般要使用原形或‘+动词原形’,同时要注意的是句子的主谓要倒装
LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!
MayyouhaveamerryChristmas!
Godblessyou!
Mayyoualwaysbehappy!
Mayyouhavealonghandhappy!
Mayallyourdreamscometrue!
16.在表示客气、遗憾以及祝愿等场合中,使用虚拟语气
Youshouldnthavebeenfollowinghimsoclosely;youshouldhavekeptyourdistance.你不应该一直这样紧紧地跟着他,而该和他保持一定的距离

高考二轮复习英语学案专题七情态动词和虚拟语气


作为杰出的教学工作者,能够保证教课的顺利开展,作为高中教师准备好教案是必不可少的一步。教案可以让学生能够在教学期间跟着互动起来,帮助高中教师提高自己的教学质量。关于好的高中教案要怎么样去写呢?以下是小编为大家收集的“高考二轮复习英语学案专题七情态动词和虚拟语气”供大家参考,希望能帮助到有需要的朋友。

2010高考二轮复习英语学案专题七情态动词和虚拟语气

1.(2007全国卷II,8)_______hehadnothurthisleg,Johnwouldhavewontherace.
A.IfB.SinceC.ThoughD.When
A有题干可知,“若不是他伤了腿,约翰就能赢得比赛了”,运用了虚拟语气,故用if。
2.(2008山东卷,24)Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon’tthinkwe____itwithoutyou.
A.canmanageB.couldhavemanaged
C.couldmanageD.canhavemanaged
B此题考查情态动词表示虚拟意义的用法。Idon’tthink…是否定前移。意为:我认为没有你我们本不能做成这件事的。此题关键是要根据句意知道是虚拟语气,其基本形式是情态动词(过去式)+havedone,所以其他选项皆可排除。
B
3(09福建).ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I____thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.
A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon
B虚拟语气。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反,句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might+havedone结构,故选B。
4.(09湖南)—It’stheoffice!Soyou_____knoweatingisnotallowedhere.
—Oh,sorry.
A.mustB.willC.mayD.need
A句意为:这是办公室!因此你必须知道吃的不允许带到这里。must表示“绝不”的意思。
5.(09海南)Whatdoyoumean,thereareonlytentickets?There_____betwelve
A.shouldB.wouldC.willD.shall
A。你这是什么意思,只有十张票吗?应该有十二人。should表示“应该,应当”。
6.(09上海)It_____havebeenTomthatparkedthecarhere,asheistheonlyonewithacar.
A.mayB.canC.mustD.should
C考查情态动词的基本用法。此处表示肯定性较强的猜测,故答案选C。
7.(09四川)—Idon’tcarewhatpeoplethink.
—Well,you_______
A.couldB.wouldC.shouldD.might
C考查情态动词的用法。答话的人提了一个建议——你应该关注别人对你的评价的。should可以用来向别人提建议,所以答案为:C
8.(09天津)Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit_______breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.
A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might
B考查虚拟语气中的情态动词用法。表示对将来情况的虚拟假设,条件从句可以用should+v.原形;
9.(09重庆)—Hi,Tom.AnyideawhereJaneis?
—She_____intheclassroom.Isawhertherejustnow.
A.shallbeB.shouldhavebeenC.mustbeD.mighthavebeen
C考查情态动词表示猜测的用法。由后面的justnow暗示现在一定在教室推知对现在情况的猜测,故答案为C.
10.(09全国2)Ican’tleave.ShetoldmethatI______stayhereuntilshecomesback.
A.canB.mustC.willD.may
B考查情态动词的基本用法。由前面的Ican’tleave.推知我必须呆在这里,故答案为B。
11.(09江苏)11.Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthathe____itdifferently.
A.couldexpressB.wouldexpress
C.couldhaveexpressedD.musthaveexpressed
C考查情态动词的用法。由前面的后悔表示做过啦,故后面的意思为本能够表达的不同,答案为C符合。
情态动词和虚拟语气密不可分,情态动词表示推测的考查,虚拟语气中对情态动词的考查,这些都是需要注意的地方,要想突破,可以从语境、语义、说话者的语气等方面着手,具体说:
1.根据时间确定时态、时间段
即要分清情态动词表推测时涉及的是现在情况还是过去情况。原则上说,若对现在情况进行推测,情态动词后接动词原形或进行式;若对过去情况进行推测,则后接动词的完成式(这通常是高考的重点);若是对正在发生的情况进行推测,后接动词的进行式;判断出时间段套用现在、过去、将来虚拟语气的句式。
2.充分利用句子语境、语义
综观历年高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气的考查情况,有相当一部分考题从本质上看都是在考查情态动词在具体语境、语义中的运用,即只要考生能弄清各个被考查情态动词的意思,就可作出正确选择。
3.注意分清适用句型
即要分清所考查的情态动词是用于肯定句型,还是用于疑问句型或否定句型,同时还要注意情态动词在某些特殊情况下所使用的特殊句型。
4.弄清说话者的语义、语气推断属于哪个时间段的情况,正确把握隐含、混合等虚拟语气。
5.掌握固定句式,从固定句式着手,套用虚拟语气句型。
1.—Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.
—Thanks.You_________it.Icouldmanageitmyself.
A.needn’tdoB.needn’thavedone
C.mustn’tdoD.shouldn’thavedone
B句子的语境是:“我自己能做”,所以“你本不必做的”。选A还是B呢?根据前面一句中的havecleaned可知,动作已经发生,所以此处谈论的是一个过去情况,故选needn’thavedone。
2.Thiscakeisverysweet.You_________alotofsugarinit.
A.shouldputB.couldhaveputC.mightputD.musthaveput
D前文说“蛋糕很甜”,下文的语境显然应该是“你一定是在里面放了很多糖”,故用“must+完成式”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。
3.—ThewomanbiologiststayedinAfricastudyingwildanimalsfor13yearsbeforeshereturned.
—Oh,dear!She_________alotofdifficulties!
A.maygothroughB.mightgothrough
C.oughttohavegonethroughD.musthavegonethrough
D由上文的stayed可知,此题是对过去情况有把握的肯定推测。句意为“那个女生物学家呆在非洲研究野生动物13年才回来。”“天啊!她一定经历了不少苦难!”
4.Helen_________goonthetripwithus,butsheisn’tquitesureyet.
A.shallB.mustC.mayD.can
C由于下文说“她还没有把握”,所以前文要用may表示没有把握的肯定推测,即“可能会与我们去旅行”。
5.—I’vetakensomeoneelse’sgreensweaterbymistake.
—It_________Harry’s.Healwayswearsgreen.
A.hastobeB.willbeC.mustn’tbeD.couldbe
D后文说“他总是穿绿色衣服”,据此语境可推知,这件衣“可能是”哈利的,could表示可能性。
6.—DoyouknowwhereDavidis?Icouldn’tfindhimanywhere.
—Well.He_________havegonefar—hiscoat’sstillhere.
A.shouldn’tB.mustn’tC.can’tD.wouldn’t
分析:答案选C。后文说“他的外套还在这里”,据此语境可知“他不可能走远了”,故选can’t
5.Hepaidforaseat,whenhe_________haveenteredfree.
A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.need
Acouldhavedone的意思是“本来可以做某事”。句子语境为“虽然他本来能够免费入场,但他买了票”。
6.—Lucydoesn’tmindlendingyouherdictionary.
—She_________.I’vealreadyborrowedone.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t
C既然“我已经借了一本”,所以“她就没有必要借给我了”。needn’t在此表示“不必”。
7.TheWorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseit_________beveryslow.
A.shouldB.mustC.willD.can
D在通常情况下,情态动词can表示推测时,只用于否定句和疑问句,不用于肯定句,但有一种特殊情况就是它可以用于肯定句中表理论上的推测或表示“有时”之意,而此题考查的正是can表示“有时”的用法。
8.ZhangLinwasaddictedtocomputergamesduringhislastyearinhighschool,otherwisehe____________astudentofBeijingUniversity.
A.wouldhavebeenB.shouldbeC.hasbeenD.hadbeen
Aotherwise引起虚拟语气的虚拟语气属于含蓄型的,由句意可以得知是与过去的事实相反,主句用wouldhavedone。
9.---Yoursisternearly_______allhersparetimetoherstudyduringthethreeyears.
----Thatsright,orshe________thefirstplaceinherschoolintheCollegeEntranceExamination.
A.devoted;wouldnthavetakenB.spent;wouldnthavetaken
C.haddevoted;hadnttakenD.hadspent;couldnttake
Adevote…to为固定搭配,因此第一个空应从AC选。Or翻译成“否则,要不然”,相当于otherwise,引起句子运用虚拟语气,主句用wouldhavedone。
10.—Anyinformationaboutyourson?
—No.IfonlyI______thosetoughwordstohim.
A.didntsayB.hadntsaid
C.shouldnthavesaidD.couldnthavesaid
Bifonly引起的句子要用虚拟语气。与wish跟从句用虚拟的规则一样。与过去的事实相反,用过去完成时态。
11.Itisvitalthatwe_____actoutatoncetoprotecttheenvironment.
A.wouldB.shouldC.willD.can
BItisvital/important/strange/necessary/natural…that从句中,从句运用should跟动词原形。
12.John’spalefacesuggestedthathe______ill,andhisparentssuggestedthathe______amedicalexamination.
A.be,shouldhaveB.was,haveC.shouldbe,hadD.was,has
Bsuggest表示“表明,暗示”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气,而表示“建议”时,要用should跟动词原形的虚拟语气。根据句意可以得知,答案为B
13.ButfortheleadershipofourPartyandourGovernment,we__________thesesplendidresults.
A.haveachievedB.shouldn’thaveachieved
C.shouldhaveachievedD.wouldachieve
Bbutfor相当于without,可以用if非真实条件句替换。有句意可知时发生在过去,与过去事实相反。
14.--Wherehaveyoubeen?
--I_______intheheavytraffic.OtherwiseI______hereearlier.
A.gotstuck;wouldhavecomeB.gotstuck;was
C.havegotstuck;wouldhavecomeD.hadgotstuck;wouldcome
A由句意得知被交通堵塞困住是发生在过去,第一空用一般过去时,排除CD,第二空为与过去事实相反,故选A
15.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe____agoal.
A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored
D这是otherwise引出的含蓄虚拟语气,再根据前面的hesitated可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气.
考生在复习情态动词和虚拟语气时要注意如下几点:
1.掌握情态动词的基本用法;2.正确辨析相近意义的情态动词;3.把握常用情态动词句式;
4.学生要明确所叙述的内容不可能发生或发生的可能性很小时,要用虚拟语气;
5.把握虚拟语气的常用句式;6.正确辨析混合时间的虚拟语气,如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生,主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。
7.注意虚拟语气中的倒装句,如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were,had,should,有时可将if省去,而将条件从句的主语置于were,had,should,之后
8.分清含蓄条件句,有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中不总是出现if引导的条件句,而通过用其他词来代替条件句,常见词有otherwise,or,butfor和ifonly等
9.掌握在表语从句,同位语从句和主语从句中,表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等,主句的主语通常是suggestion,proposal,request,order,idea等。从句中的谓语动词是should+动词原型,should可以省略。
10.掌握口语中的虚拟语气和固定句式中的虚拟语气。
1.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit______.
A.breaksB.hasbroken
C.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken
2.Butforthehelpyougaveme,I_______theexaminations.
A.wouldhavepassedB.wouldpass
C.wouldn’thavepassedD.wouldn’tpass
3.IforgetwhereIreadthearticle,orI_____ittoyounow.
A.willshowB.wouldshowC.amgoingtoshowD.amshowing
4.“Itlooksasifheweredrunk.”“Soitdoes._____.”
A.He’dbettergiveupdrinkingB.Heshouldn’thavedrunksomuch
C.HealthismoreimportantthandrinkD.Iwonderwhyheisalwaysdoingso
5.“Marylookshotanddry”“So_____youifyouhadsohighafever.”
A.doB.areC.willD.would
6.“Hewillcometomorrow.”“ButI’dratherhe_____thedayaftertomorrow.”
A.willcomeB.iscomingC.cameD.hadcome
7.Allthedoctorsinthehospitalinsistedthathe____badlywoundedandthathe____atonce.
A.shouldbe;beoperatedonB.were;mustbeoperatedon
C.was;shouldbeoperatedD.was;beoperatedon
8.______smoking,hewouldnothavegotcancerinthelung.
A.WashegivenupB.HadhegivenupC.DidhegiveD.Ifhegaveup
9.“Istillhaven’tthankedAuntLucyforherpresent.”“It’stimeyou_____.”
A.doB.didC.hadD.would
10.“Doyouknowhisaddress?”“No,IalsowishI_____wherehe_____.”
A.knew,liveB.knew,livesC.know,livesD.know,lived
11.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI____inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.
A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallen
C.shouldfallD.weretofall
12.Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun’sheat,theearthatnight____forustolive.
A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldly
C.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreezecoldly
13.LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyI_____yourdvice.
A.followedB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.shouldfollow
14.----Dontyouthinkitnecessarythathe_______toMiamibuttoNewYork?
----Iagree,buttheproblemis________hehasrefusedto.
A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;that
C.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what
15.IfI____plantodoanythingIwantedto,I’dliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.
A.wouldB.couldC.hadtoD.oughtto
16.____fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.
A.WouldyoubeB.ShouldyoubeC.CouldyoubeD.Mightyoube
17.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshe_______sing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.
A.couldn’tB.shouldn’tC.can’tD.mightnot
18.Afterhoursofrepair,thedrivertriedtostartthemachinebutit__________work.
A.won’tB.shouldn’tC.wouldn’tD.couldn’t
19.You________paytoomuchattentiontoyourassignment,foritisthatimportant.
A.mustB.needn’tC.cannotD.need
20.He_________anothercareer,butatthetime,hedidn’thaveenoughmoneytoattendgraduateschool.
A.mightchooseB.mighthavechosenC.hadtochooseD.musthavechosen
参考答案和解析
1.Casif引导的句子,有时用虚拟语气,有时不用。原则上说,若指事实或可能为事实,不用虚拟语气;若指现在,从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were);若指过去用过去完成时,若指将来用过去将来时或用weretodosth.
2.Cbutfor的意思是“若不是,要不是”,用于引出与事实相反的假设,通常与虚拟语气连用。根据句中的thehelpyougaveme,可知它表示与过去事实相反,故选C.
3.B根据上文的语境可知句中的or隐含有一个虚拟的条件,即or=ifIdidn’tforgetwhereIreadthearticle(要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了)。
4.D关键信息是Itlooksasifheweredrunk中的虚拟语气,句子既然用了虚拟语气,也就是说,“他喝醉了”不是事实,只是他的言行好像是醉了,所以此题的最佳答案是D.
5.D由于空格后的if条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气(这是很重要的信息),所以主句要用would而不用will,即答案应选D.
6.C按照英语习惯,wouldrather后接that从句时,从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气,即用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成时表示过去。
7.Dinsist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气,有时不用,具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来,若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生,或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意,可知只有选D最合适。
8.B是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是wouldnothavegot,这表明是对过去事实作出的假设,所以从句谓语应该是hadgivenup,而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外,当虚拟条件句中有had,should,were等词时,通常可以省略if,并将had,should,were提前置于句首。
9.BIt’stimeyoudid为It’stimeyouthankedAuntLucyforherpresent之略。按照英语语法,it’stime后从句通常要用过去式。
10.B第一空填knew,因为Iwish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(即用过去式表示现在的想法);第二空要填lives,即用陈述语气,因为wherehelives是一个客观事实,而不是Iwish的内容。
11.B此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句,主句与现在事实相反,条件句与过去事实相反。句意为:要不是在七岁时就迷上了MelindaCox图书馆,我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。
12.Awithout引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。
13.Cifonly意为“,但愿,要是……就好了”,其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气,用以表达愿望或非真实条件,同时根据句意可以得知从句是与过去事实相反
14.B本题考查虚拟语气和表语从句。在Itisnecessarythat…句型中,从句中常常用虚拟语气,其形式为“should+动词原型”,should也可以省略。第二空考查了表语从句。That没有实际的意义,只起一个连接的作用。
15.B考查虚拟语气。从主句的谓语动词及句意推测应选B。其他选项不符合题意。
16.B本题考查了虚拟语气的倒装。如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were,had,should,有时可将if省去,而将条件从句的主语置于were,had,should之后。
17.C虽然前有虚拟条件句,后有使用了虚拟语气,但thefact不是与事实相反,而是现在的真实情况,故不用虚拟语气。
18.C,表示机器什么的不能工作了。是一种关于性能方面的,很固定的用法。
19.Ccannottoo...to是词组,意思是就算怎么样也不过分。
20.B可是根据句子的意思。musthavechosen是本来肯定会------,故答案为B。