PoemsPeriod3　Grammar—theSubjunctiveMood(2)。

一名优秀负责的教师就要对每一位学生尽职尽责，高中教师要准备好教案，这是教师工作中的一部分。教案可以让学生更好地进入课堂环境中来，帮助高中教师营造一个良好的教学氛围。你知道怎么写具体的高中教案内容吗？以下是小编为大家精心整理的“PoemsPeriod3　Grammar—theSubjunctiveMood(2)”，希望对您的工作和生活有所帮助。

PoemsPeriod3　Grammar—theSubjunctiveMood(2)
整体设计
教学内容分析　
Thisteachingperiodmainlydealswiththegrammar：thesubjunctivemood(2)．FromUnit1wehavealreadyknownthatintheEnglishlanguage，verbsareoftendividedintothreedifferentmoods—theindicativemood，theimperativemoodandthesubjunctivemood.WehavelearnedtwokindsofsubjunctivemoodinUnit1：oneisfoundaftertheword“wish”，theotherisfoundinaclausebeginningwiththeword“if”talkingabouttheimaginedconsequenceofasituationatpresentthatisimpossibletohappen.Inthisperiodwewillcontinuetofocusonanotherkindofsubjunctivemood，thatis，thesubjunctivemoodbeginningwiththeword“if”，talkingabouttheimaginedconsequenceofasituationinthepastthatdidnothappenorinthefuturethatisnotlikelytohappen.
三维目标设计　
Knowledgeandskills
1．Togetthestudentstoknowthestructureofthesubjunctivemood.
2．Toletthestudentslearntheusagesofthesubjunctivemood.
3．Toenablethestudentstousethesubjunctivemoodcorrectlyandproperly.
Processandmethods
1．Toaskthestudentstoreadthereadingpassageagain，pickoutthesentenceswiththesubjunctivemoodandtranslatethemintoChinese.
2．Toaskthestudentstodiscoverthestructureandusagesofthesubjunctivemoodbycomparingalotofexamplesentences.
3．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage13tomasterthesubjunctivemood.
4．Toaskthestudentstosummarizetheusagesofthesubjunctivemood.
5．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPages50－51andsomeotheradditionalexercisesforconsolidation.
Emotion，attitudeandvalue
1．Togetthestudentstobecomeinterestedingrammarlearning.
2．Todevelopthestudentsabilityofcomparingandsummarizing.
教学重、难点　
1．Togetthestudentstomasterthestructureandusagesofthesubjunctivemood.
2．Toenablethestudentstolearnhowtousethesubjunctivemoodcorrectly.
教学过程
?Step1　Revision
1．Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2．Dictatesomenewwordsandexpressions.
3．TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish：
(1)我们的时间快用完了。
(2)他编造了滑稽的顺口溜引逗我们发笑。
Suggestedanswers：
(1)Wearerunningoutofourtime.
(2)Hemadeupfunnyrhymestomakeuslaugh.
?Step2　Warmingup
AskthestudentstogobacktoPage10andstudyoneofthelistpoems，PoemCOurFirstFootballMatchandtranslateitintoChinese，payingspecialattentiontoitsverbforms：
Wewould_have_won...
ifJackhad_scoredthatgoal，
ifwed_hadjustafewmoreminutes，
ifwehad_trainedharder，
ifBenhad_passedtheballtoJoe，
ifwed_hadthousandsoffansscreaming，
ifIhadnt_takenmyeyeofftheball，
ifwehadnt_stayed_upsolatethenightbefore，
ifwe_hadnt_takeniteasy，
ifwehadnt_runoutofenergy.
Wewould_have_won...
ifwed_beenbetter!
Tellthestudentsthattheabovesentencesarewiththesubjunctivemoodandthendiscussitwiththem.Thenaskthestudentstothinkaboutthequestion“Whatisthesubjunctivemood？”
?Step3　Grammarlearning
Askthestudentstostudythefollowingsentencesandtrytosummarizethestructureandusagesofthesubjunctivemood.
1．Thesubjunctivemoodinthepasttense：
(1)IcouldhavedonebetterifIhadbeenmorecareful.
我要是细心一点，是可以做得更好的。
(ThefactisthatIwasnotmorecarefulandIdidntdobetter.)
(2)IcouldhaveshownyouaroundthecityifIhadknownyouwereinBeijing.
我要是早知道你在北京，我就会带你到处去转转。
(ThefactisthatIdidntknowyouwereinBeijingandIdidntshowyouaroundthecity.)
(3)IfIhadbeeninthemood，Iwouldhavegonetothemovies.
如果我有心情的话，我就会去看电影了。
(ThefactisthatIwasnotinthemoodandIdidntgotothemovies.)
2．Thesubjunctivemoodinthefuturetense：
(1)从句谓语用过去式：
Ifyourfatherknewthis，hewouldbeangry.
要是你父亲知道了，他会生气的。
Ifitrainedtomorrow，thesportsmeetwouldbeputoff.
要是明天下雨，运动会就会被推迟。
(2)从句谓语用should＋动词原形(通常指可能性极小的事情，一般译为“万一”)：
Ifitshouldrain，thecropswouldbesaved.
要是有雨，这庄稼还有救。
此类句型的主句谓语有时可以用祈使句甚至将来时态：
Ifitshouldraintomorrow，dontexpectme.
万一明天下雨，就不要等我了。
IfIshouldbefreetomorrow，Iwillcome.
万一我明天有空，我就来。
(3)从句谓语用wereto＋动词原形(通常指可能性极小或近乎不可能，有时指出乎意料)：
Ifthesunweretoriseinthewest，myloveforyouwouldnotchange.
即使太阳从西边升起，我对你的爱也不会变。
?Step4　Summingup
Trytohelpthestudentsdrawthefollowingconclusions：
1．Thesubjunctivemoodisusuallyusedtotalkaboutsituationsthatarenottrueornotlikelytobetrue.Thesituationreferredtointhesubjunctivemoodisnotreal，butitishypothetical.
2．Thesubjunctivemoodisoftenfoundinaclausebeginningwiththeword“if”．Thepastperfecttense(haddone/been)isoftenusedinthe“if”clauseand“would＋havedone/been”isoftenusedinthemainclauseexpressingthesituationcontrarytothepast.
3．Inexpressingthesituationcontrarytothefuture，“were/did/should＋v./wereto＋v.”isoftenusedinthe“if”clauseand“would＋v.”isoftenusedinthemainclauseexpressingthesituationcontrarytothefuture.
?Step5　Grammarpractice
Askstudentstodothefollowingexercises：
1．Changethefollowingsentencesintothesubjunctivemood.Puttheverbsintothecorrectforms.
(1)Shewasbusy，soshedidntcome.
(2)Wedidntknowyourtelephonenumber，sowedidntcallyou.
(3)Everybodywhoatethefishgotsick.Ididnteatanyfish.
Suggestedanswers：
(1)Ifshehadntbeenbusy，shewouldhavecome.
(2)Ifwehadknownyourtelephonenumber，wemighthavecalledyou.
(3)IfIhadeatenthefish，Iwouldhavegottensicktoo.
2．DoExercise3inDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage13.
3．DotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPages50－51.
Firstaskstudentstodotheexercisesindividually，andthenletthemdiscussandchecktheiranswerswiththeirpartners，andfinallygivethemthecorrectanswersanddealwithanyproblemstheymightmeet.
?Step6　Gettingmoreaboutthegrammar
AskstudentstogobacktoPage10andreadthroughthereadingpassageAFewSimpleFormsofEnglishPoemstopickoutthesentenceswiththesubjunctivemoodandthentranslatethemintoChinese.
Suggestedanswers：
Wewould_have_won...我们本来会夺冠……
ifJackhad_scoredthatgoal,如果杰克踢进了那个球，
ifwed_hadjustafewmoreminutes,如果我们还有几分钟，
ifwehad_trainedharder,如果我们训练得更严格，
ifBenhad_passedtheballtoJoe,如果本把球传给了乔，
ifwed_hadthousandsoffansscreaming,如果有大批球迷助威，
ifIhadnt_takenmyeyeofftheball,如果我死死盯住球，
ifwehadnt_stayed_upsolatethenightbefore,如果我们头晚不熬夜，
ifwe_hadnt_takeniteasy,如果我们没有放松警惕，
ifwehadnt_runoutofenergy.如果我们没有精疲力竭，
Wewould_have_won...我们本来会夺冠……
ifwed_beenbetter!如果我们能干得更好！
?Step7　Summingup
Trytohelpthestudentsdrawthefollowingconclusions.
1．Whenthesubjunctivemoodisfoundinaclausebeginningwiththeword“if”，“hadbeen＋pastparticiples”isusedinthe“if”clause，while“would/couldhave＋pastparticiples”isusedinthemainclausesoastoexpressthesituationcontrarytothepast.
2．Insentenceswiththesubjunctivemood，sometimesaprepositionalphrasebeginningwith“without(＝ifnot)”isusedtotaketheplaceofthe“if”clausetoexpressimpliedcondition.
?Step8　Playingagame
1．Getstudentstoformgroupsof6.
2．Letstudentsplaythegame“Wewouldhavewonthechampionshipifwe...”
Askthestudentstotaketurnstoimaginewhattheywouldhavedonetowinthechampionship.Maketheirownsentencesasinterestingandimaginativeastheycan.Writedownthesixbestonesandsharethemwiththeclass.
3．Readthefollowingcompositionandtrytofindoutasmanysentenceswiththesubjunctivemoodaspossible.
UnexpectedGuests
Lindahadaverydifficultsituationatherhouseafewdaysago.HerrelativesfromHongKongarrivedunexpectedly，withoutanyadvancenoticeatall，andtheywantedtostayfortheweekend.Theydidntevenknockatthedoor.Theyjustwalkedrightin.
Needlesstosay，Lindawasveryupset.IfshehadknownthatherrelativesfromH．K.weregoingtoarriveandwanttostayfortheweekend，shewouldhavebeenpreparedfortheirvisit.Shewouldhaveboughtalotoffood.Shewouldhavecleanedthehouse.Shewouldhavemadeplanstogosightseeing.Shewouldhavecookedaspecialdinner.Shewouldhaveplannedeverythingperfectly.Andshecertainlywouldnthaveinvitedallherdaughtersfriendsfromnurseryschooltocomeoverandplay.
PoorLinda!Shereallywishesherrelativeshadcalledinadvancetosaytheywerecoming.Theweekendwasreallyadisaster!
Suggestedanswers：
UnexpectedGuests
Lindahadaverydifficultsituationatherhouseafewdaysago.HerrelativesfromHongKongarrivedunexpectedly，withoutanyadvancenoticeatall，andtheywantedtostayfortheweekend.Theydidntevenknockatthedoor.Theyjustwalkedrightin.
Needlesstosay，Lindawasveryupset.Ifshehad_knownthatherrelativesfromH．K.weregoingtoarriveandwanttostayfortheweekend，shewould_have_been_preparedfortheirvisit.Shewould_have_boughtalotoffood.Shewould_have_cleanedthehouse.Shewould_have_madeplanstogosightseeing.Shewould_have_cookedaspecialdinner.Shewould_have_plannedeverythingperfectly.Andshecertainlywouldnt_have_invitedallherdaughtersfriendsfromnurseryschooltocomeoverandplay.
PoorLinda!Shereallywishesherrelativeshad_calledinadvancetosaytheywerecoming.Theweekendwasreallyadisaster!
?Step9　Closingdownbyaquiz
Showstudentsthefollowingonthescreenorgiveouttestpaperstothem.
1．Youarelate.Ifyou______afewminutesearlier，you______him.
A．come；wouldmeetB．hadcome；wouldhavemet
C．come；willmeetD．hadcome；wouldmeet
2．Letssayyoucouldgothereagain，how______feel?
A．willyouB．shouldyou
C．wouldyouD．doyou
3．Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance，I______himattheairport.
A．wouldmeetB．willmeet
C．wouldhavemetD．willhavemet
4．Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible，butI______sobusythen.
A．hadbeenB．were
C．wasD．wouldbe
5．Ifit______anothertenminutes，thegamewouldhavebeencalledoff.
A．hadrainedB．wouldhaverained
C．haveseenD．rained
6．—Whydidntyoubuyanewcar?
—IwouldhaveboughtoneifI______enoughmoney.
A．hadB．havehad
C．wouldhaveD．hadhad
7．Hewasverybusyyesterday；otherwise，he______tothemeeting.
A．wouldcomeB．came
C．wouldhavecomeD．willcome
8．______anychangeaboutthedate，pleasetellmeimmediately.
A．WilltherebeB．Shouldtherebe
C．TherewillbeD．Thereshouldbe
9．Afewminutesearlierandwe______thetrain.
A．havecaughtB．hadcaught
C．couldhavecaughtD．weretocatch
10．IftheWatergateIncident______，Nixonwouldnothaveresignedfromthepresidency.
A．didnotoccurB．hadnotoccurred
C．wasnotoccurringD．becircling
11．IfIhadseenthemovie，I______youallaboutitnow.
A．wouldtellB．willtell
C．havetoldD．wouldhavetold
Suggestedanswers：
1～5BCCCA　6～10DCBCB　11.A
?Step10　Homework
1．FinishofftheWorkbookexercises.
2．Previewlisteningandspeaking.
?Step11　Reflectionafterteaching
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扩展阅读

PoemsPeriod2　LanguageStudy

Period2　LanguageStudy
整体设计
教学内容分析　
Theemphasisofthisperiodwillbeplacedontheimportantnewwords，phrasesandsentencepatternsinWarmingUp，Pre－reading，Reading，ComprehendingandDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressionsinLearningaboutLanguage.Therearealtogether50newwordsandphrasesinthesefiveparts.22ofthemaremarkedwithtriangles，whichshowsthatthestudentsneedntlearnthembyheart.Itisenoughtorecognizethemwhenmeetingthemwhilereadingthepassage.Theother28shouldallberemembered，amongwhichthefollowing8wordsandexpressionsareevenmoreimportant：concrete，takeiteasy，inparticular，flexible，eventually，transform，runoutof，bemadeupof.
Theyareallveryusefulandimportant.Soarethesentencepatterns“Somepoemstellastoryordescribesomethinginawaythatwillgivethereaderastrongimpression.”，“Somerhyme(likeB)whileothersdonot(likeC)．”and“Anothersimpleformofpoemthatstudentscaneasilywriteisthecinquain，apoemmadeupoffivelines.”Weoughttopaymoreattentiontothem.
三维目标设计　
Knowledgeandskills
1．Togetthestudentstolearntousethefollowingimportantnewwordsandphrasesfreely：rhyme，concrete，pattern，tease，endless，translation，takeiteasy，inparticular，convey，flexible，branch，eventually，transform，forever，runoutof，bemadeupof.
2．Togetthestudentstounderstandandusethefollowingimportantandusefulsentencepatterns：
(1)Somepoemstellastoryordescribesomethingin_a_way_that_will_give_the_reader_a
_strong_impression.
(2)Somerhyme(likeB)whileothersdonot(likeC)．
(3)Anothersimpleformofpoemthatstudentscaneasilywriteisthecinquain，apoemmade_up_of_five_lines.
Processandmethods
1．Tohelpthestudentstounderstandthemeaningsoftheaboveusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthecontext，andthengivesomeexplanationsaboutthem，andatlastoffersomeexercisestomakethestudentsmastertheirusages.
2．Toaskthestudentstomakeuptheirownsentencesbyimitatingtheabovesentencepatterns.
3．Attheendoftheclass，makestudentsdomoreexercisesforconsolidation.Indoingso，theycanlearn，graspandusetheseimportantlanguagepointswell.
Emotion，attitudeandvalue
1．TostimulatestudentsinterestinlearningEnglish.
2．Todevelopstudentssenseofcooperationandteamwork.
　教学重、难点　
1．Importantnewwordsandexpressions：rhyme，concrete，pattern，tease，endless，translation，takeiteasy，inparticular，convey，flexible，branch，eventually，transform，forever，runoutof，bemadeupof.
2．Importantandusefulsentencepatterns：
(1)Theattributiveclausewiththeantecedent“way”．
(2)Compoundsentenceswith“while”．
(3)Pastparticiplesasthepostpositiveattributive.
3．Somedifficultandlongsentencesinthetext.
教学过程
?Step1　Revision
1．Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2．AsksomestudentstotellaboutsomesimpleformsofEnglishpoems.
?Step2　Readingandfinding
GetstudentstoreadthroughWarmingUp，Pre－reading，Reading，ComprehendingandDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressionsinLearningaboutLanguagetounderlineallthenewwordsandusefulexpressionsorcollocationsintheseparts.Readthemaloudandcopythemdownintheexercisebook.
?Step3　Practiceforusefulwordsandexpressions
1．TurntoPage12.GothroughtheexercisesinDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressionswithstudentsandmakesuretheyknowwhattodo.
2．Givethemseveralminutestofinishtheexercises.Theymayfirstdothemindividually，andthendiscussthemwiththeirpartners.
3．Checktheanswerswiththewholeclassandexplaintheproblemstheymeetwherenecessary.
?Step4　Vocabularystudy
Ⅰ.简单知识扫描
1．poem/poetry(P9)
Poet(P10)

Theselittlepoemsandsongsmighthavebeensomeofthefirstpoetryyoulearned.
这些小诗歌或许就是你最早学到的一些诗歌。
Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoetrytoexpressthemselves.
诗人用许多不同格式的诗来表达自己的情感。
poemn．诗；诗歌[C]一首诗apoem
poetryn.[U](总称)诗歌，韵文
poet诗人
用poet，poem，poetry填空：
(1)Asapieceof______，itseemstobeaselectionoftheRenaissance.
(2)Heisbothasoldieranda______.
(3)Idecidedtowritea______aboutwhatIfelt.
Suggestedanswers：(1)poetry　(2)poet　(3)poem
2．rhyme(P9)

Whichpoemhasrhymingwordsattheendoflines?
哪首诗在每行后有押韵的词？

(1)Thispoemdoesntrhyme.这首诗不押韵。
(2)Shakespearesometimeswroteinrhyme.莎士比亚有时用韵文写作。
(3)Whatwordsrhymewith“school”？哪些词和“school”押韵？
(4)Youcanrhyme“hiccups”with“pick－ups”．
用“hiccups”可和“pick－ups”押韵。

rhymen.韵，押韵，韵文vt.押韵，用韵诗表达vi.押韵

翻译下列句子：
(1)我对这首摇篮曲很熟悉。
(2)这首诗的最后两行没有押好韵。
Suggestedanswers：(1)Thisnurseryrhymeisveryfamiliartome.
(2)Thelasttwolinesofthispoemdontrhymeproperly.
3．concrete(P10)

Thelanguageisconcretebutimaginative，andtheydelightsmallchildrenbecausetheyrhyme，havestrongrhythmandalotofrepetition.
童谣的语言具体但富有想象力，这能使小孩子们快乐，因为它们押韵，节奏感强，并较多重复。

(1)Haveyouanyconcretethoughtsonhowtodealwiththisdifficulty?
处理这种困难你有什么具体的想法？
(2)Theword“apple”isaconcretenoun.“苹果”是个具体名词。
(3)Hisplanisnotyetconcrete.他的计划尚不具体。
(4)Thesebuildingsaremadeofconcreteandsteel.
这些房屋是用钢和混凝土建成的。

concreteadj.具体的n.混凝土

翻译下列句子：
(1)鞋和树是实物。
(2)你有没有具体的建议呢？
Suggestedanswers：(1)Shoesandtreesareconcreteobjects.
(2)Haveyougotanyconcreteproposals?
4．pattern(P10)

Listpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthandrepeatedphraseswhichgivebothapatternandarhythmtothepoem.
清单诗可长可短，可以重复一些短语，较为灵活，形成固定句型和诗的节奏。

(1)Theillnessisnotfollowingitsusualpattern.
这种病不是它通常的症状。
(2)Doesthepoemhavearhythmicpattern？这首诗有韵律吗？
(3)HerideasarepatternedonTrotskys.她的思想是仿效托洛茨基的。

patternn．模式、方式、形式；图案；模范，榜样；v.模仿

翻译下列句子，体会pattern在句中的用法：
(1)Sheworeadresswithapatternofrosesonit.
(2)Thecompanysetapatternforotherstofollow.
(3)Hepatternedhimselfuponamanheadmired.
Suggestedanswers：(1)她穿了一件有玫瑰图案的礼服。
(2)这家公司为其他公司树立了典范。
(3)他模仿他崇拜的那个人。
5．tease(P11)

Brother
Beautiful，athletic
Teasing，shouting，laughing
Friendandenemytoo
Mine
兄弟
爱美，又爱运动
爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑
是我的朋友
也是我的敌人

(1)AtschooltheotherchildrenalwaysteasedmebecauseIwasfat.
在学校里别的孩子总是取笑我，因为我很胖。
(2)Theyteasedheraboutherlaziness.他们笑她懒惰。
(3)Donttakeitseriously—hewasonlyteasing.
别当真，他只不过是在开玩笑。
(4)Stopteasingthepoorcat!不要捉弄那只可怜的猫了。
(5)Hesaterribletease.他特别爱戏弄人。

teasev.取笑，招惹，戏弄；n.爱开玩笑的人，爱戏弄别人的人
teasesb./sth.取笑，招惹，戏弄(某人/某物)

翻译下列句子：
(1)她总是戏弄别人。她真是爱捉弄人！
(2)虽然你的同桌有点胖，你也不准嘲笑她。
Suggestedanswers：
(1)Shealwayslaughsatothers.Whatateasesheis!
(2)Althoughyourdeskmateisalittlefat，youmustnotteaseher.
6．endless(P11)

Summer
Sleepy，salty
Drying，drooping，dreading
Weekin，weekout
Endless
夏天
困乏，咸涩
干涸，枯萎，恐怖
周而复始
永无止境

(1)Ibegantosickenoftheendlessviolenceshownontelevision.
我逐渐对电视上无休无止的暴力镜头感到厌恶。
(2)Thefascinationsofthecircusareendless.
马戏表演非常吸引人。
(3)Visitorstotheexhibitioncameinanendlessstream.
参观展览会的人络绎不绝。
(4)Theendlessleawillpurifyyourthought.
一望无际的草原会净化你的思想。

endlessadj.无止境的，没完没了的

翻译下列句子：
(1)这旅程仿佛是无穷无尽的。
(2)我讨厌他不断的打扰。
Suggestedanswers：(1)Thejourneyseemedendless.
(2)Iamtiredofhisendlessinterruptions.
7．translation(P11)

Thetwohaikupoems(FandG)abovearetranslationsfromtheJapanese.
上面的两首俳句诗(F篇和G篇)就是从日文翻译出来的。

HehasanEnglishtranslationofMarxsCapital.他有马克思的《资本论》的英语译文。

(1)Whenpeoplearelearningaforeignlanguage，theyshouldnottranslateeverythingintotheirownlanguage.
当人们学习一门外语的时候，他们不应该把什么东西都翻译成他们自己的语言。
(2)Canyoutranslatetheseideasintoreality?
你能将这些思想变成行动吗？
(3)Hernovelstranslatewell.
她的小说翻译得很好。

translationn．翻译；译文
translatevt.vi.翻译，把……用另一种形式表达出来；能被翻译
translate...into...把……译成……

翻译下列句子：
(1)AlotofTangpoemshasbeentranslatedintoEnglish.
(2)Mostpoemsdonttranslatewell.
(3)Thesentencewonttranslate.
(4)Itstimetotranslateyourideaintoaction.
Suggestedanswers：
(1)很多唐诗已被翻译成了英语。
(2)大多数诗歌译得不好。
(3)这个句子不能翻译。
(4)该是你行动的时候了。
8．takeiteasy(P10)

Wewouldhavewonifwehadnttaken_it_easy.
如果我们没有放松警惕的话，我们本来是会夺冠的。

(1)Sitdownandtakeiteasy.坐下来，放松会儿。
(2)Justtakeiteasyandtellusexactlywhathappened.
别紧张，告诉我们究竟发生了什么。

takeiteasy沉住气，不紧张，慢慢来

takeonestime慢慢来，不急；拖拉，慢吞吞

翻译下列句子：
(1)Thedoctortoldmetotakethingseasyandstopworkingsohard.
(2)Theresnohurry；takeyourtime.
Suggestedanswers：
(1)大夫让我别紧张，不要干得这么辛苦。
(2)不急，慢慢来。
9．inparticular(P11)

DidyouknowthatEnglishspeakersalsoenjoyotherformsofAsianpoetry—TangpoemsfromChinain_particular?
你知道吗？说英语的人也喜欢其他类型的亚洲诗，尤其是中国的唐诗。

(1)HestudiesinparticularthefishesoftheIndianOcean.
他专门研究印度洋的鱼类。
(2)Inoticedhiseyesinparticular，becausetheyweresuchanunusualcolour.
我尤其注意到他的眼睛，因为它们的颜色非同寻常。

inparticular尤其，特别

根据汉语意思，用恰当的短语填空。
(1)她特别强调了那一点。
Shestressedthatpoint______.
(2)工程技术人员尤其必须能够迅速而准确地将自己的想法传达给别人。
Theengineer______mustbeabletocommunicatehisideastoothersrapidlyandaccurately.
Suggestedanswers：(1)inparticular　(2)inparticular
Ⅱ.重点知识探究
1．convey(P10)

Otherstrytoconveycertainemotions.
而有些诗则是为了传达某种感情。

(1)conveyasense/animpression/anideaetc.表达(感觉、感情、意见、思想等)
(2)HewassenttoconveyamessagetotheU．N.SecretaryGeneral.
他被派去向联合国秘书长传达信息。
(3)Iwanttoconveytochildrenthatreadingisinteresting.
我想向孩子们传达这样的思想：读书是很有趣的。
(4)Wiresconveyelectricityfrompowerstationstotheusers.
电线把电从电厂传送到用户。
(5)Thegovernmentconveyedthispieceoflandtoacompany.
政府把这块土地转让给了一家公司。

conveyv．传达，表达(感情，意见，思想等)
conveysth.tosb.把……传达给……；把(土地、财产等)转让给……
conveysth.from...to...把……从……传送/运送到……

翻译下列句子：
(1)这火车既运送乘客也运输货物。
(2)言语无法表达我当时是多么高兴。
(3)请向你父母转达我最美好的祝愿。
Suggestedanswers：
(1)Thistrainconveysbothpassengersandgoods.
(2)WordscantconveyhowdelightedIwas.
(3)Pleaseconveymybestwishestoyourparents.
2．flexible(P10)

Listpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthandrepeatedphraseswhichgivebothapatternandarhythmtothepoem.
清单诗可长可短，可以重复一些短语，较为灵活，形成固定句型和诗的节奏。

(1)Weneedaforeignpolicythatismoreflexible.
我们需要一个更为灵活的外交政策。
(2)Thistubeisflexiblebuttough.
这管子柔软但很坚固。

flexibleadj.灵活的，易弯曲的，柔韧的，可变通的

根据汉语意思，用恰当的词填空。
(1)橡皮管可以弯曲。
Apieceofrubberhoseis______.
(2)柔性管道便于在紧凑的空间安装。
______tubingcanassistininstallationintightspace.
Suggestedanswers：(1)flexible　(2)Flexible
3．branch(P11)

Afallenblossomiscomingbacktothebranch.
落下的花朵回到了树枝上。

(1)Thebankhastenbranchesinthecity.
这家银行在市内有十家分行。
(2)Manybirdsareonthebranch.
很多鸟栖息在树枝上。
(3)Theriverhasalotofbranches.
这条河有很多支流。
(4)Physicsisabranchofscience.
物理学是科学的一门分支学科。
(5)Maryhasleftthecompanyandbranchedoutherown.
玛丽离开公司做起了自己的生意。

branchn.枝条；支流；(学科的)分科，部门；支部，分部；vt.vi.分支，分岔

翻译下列句子：
(1)Thecompanysheadofficeisinthecity，butithas______(部门)alloverthecountry.
(2)______(路分叉)wherethetallbuildingstands.
(3)______(党小组)werecompletelydestroyedthen.
Suggestedanswers：(1)branches　(2)Theroadbranches　(3)Thepartybranches
4．eventually(P11)

Withsomanydifferentformsofpoetrytochoosefrom，studentsmayeventuallywanttowritepoemsoftheirown.
有了这么多可供选择的诗歌类型，学生们最终也许想自己写诗了。

(1)Sheeventuallymarriedthemostpersistentoneofheradmirers.
她终于嫁给了最执著追求她的人。
(2)Afterplayingthepartforover20years，shewaseventuallywrittenout(oftheseries)．
她扮演了20多年的一个角色，最后(从连续剧中)去掉了。
(3)Iwaseventuallygrantedanexitvisa.我终于获得了出境签证。
(4)Hestruggledwithhisassailantsandeventuallydrovethemoff.
他同攻击他的人进行搏斗，最后把他们赶走了。
(5)Itwasalongjourney，butweeventuallyarrived.
旅程很长，但我们最后还是到达了。

eventuallyadv.终于，最后

根据汉语意思，用恰当的词填空。
(1)该政府终于在1970年倒台了。
Thegovernment______collapsedin1970.
(2)他工作太努力了，最后竟病倒了。
Heworkedsohardthat______hemadehimselfill.
Suggestedanswers：(1)eventually　(2)eventually
5．transform(P11)

Neverlookingback,transformed_intostone.化为石，不回头。

(1)Afreshcoatofpaintcantransformaroom.
房间重新粉刷一遍可大为改观。
(2)Thewizardtransformedtheprinceintoafrog.
巫师把王子变成了青蛙。

Hischaracterhasundergoneagreattransformationsincehisfailureinmarriage.
自婚姻失败以来，他的性格已有重大改变。

transformvt.改变(……的形状，外观，品质或性质)
transformsth.(intosth.)把……变成……
transformationn．变革，改变

翻译下列句子：
(1)Successandwealthtransformedhischaracter.
(2)Asteam－enginetransformsheatintoenergy.
(3)Hetransformedthegarageintoarecreationroom.
(4)Hisplansweretransformedovernightintoreality.
(5)在过去的十年里，我们的工作方式经历了彻底的变革。
Suggestedanswers：(1)成功和财富改变了他的性格。
(2)蒸汽机把热变成能。
(3)他把车库改造成了娱乐室。
(4)他的计划迅速成为现实。
(5)Thewayinwhichweworkhasundergoneacompletetransformationinthepastdecade.
6．forever(P12)

somethingthatseemstolastforever似乎是永远持续下去的某种东西

(1)ManyPharaohsinancientEgyptbelievetheycanliveforever.
古埃及的许多法老相信他们可以永生。
(2)Youllneverseelifeifyoustayathomeforever.
如果你一直待在家里，就永远不会有生活经验。

foreveradv.永远；老是，不断地

根据汉语意思，用恰当的词填空。
(1)祝两国人民的友谊万古长青！
Maythefriendshipbetweenthepeoplesof(our)twocountrieslast______！
(2)民族英雄永远活在我们心里。
Thenationalheroeswilllive______inourhearts.
Suggestedanswers：(1)forever　(2)forever
7．runoutof(P10)

Wewouldhavewonifwehadntrun_out_ofenergy.
我们本来会夺冠，如果我们没有精疲力竭。

(1)Itisveryimportantthatthisorganizationdoesnotrunoutofmoney.
这个组织没有用光钱，这是很重要的。
(2)Weverunoutofpetrol.Whatabore!
我们的汽油用完了。真麻烦！

runoutof“用光；耗尽”。

runout与runoutof的辨析
(1)runout是“动副型”短语动词，作不及物动词，表示被动含义，意为“被用完了(becomeusedup)”，其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命名词。例如：
CouldIhaveacigarette?Iseemtohaverunout.
给我一枝烟好吗？我的(烟)好像已经抽完啦。
(2)runoutof是三个词组成的短语动词，作及物动词用，后接宾语，表示主动含义，意为“用完(useup)”，其主语只能是人。例如：
Whatif/Sayyouweretorunoutofmoney?Whatwouldyoudo?
假设你的钱用完了呢？你会怎么办呢？
(3)runoutof还有“从(某处)流出(跑出)”的意思；runout也有“流出，跑出”的意义，但其后不能接宾语。

翻译下列句子：
(1)他的钱很快就花完了。
(2)逛完街我的钱用光了。
(3)他跑出了房间。
(4)如果我们的糖没有用完，我就不会去商店了。
Suggestedanswers：
(1)Hismoneysoonranout.
(2)IranoutofmoneyafterIfinishedshopping.
(3)Heranoutoftheroom.
(4)Ifwehadntrunoutofsugar，Iwouldnthavegonetotheshops.
8．(be)madeupof(P10)

Anothersimpleformofpoemthatstudentscaneasilywriteisthecinquain，apoemmade_up_offivelines.
另外一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫五行诗。

Allbodiesaremadeupofatoms.
一切物体都是由原子组成的。

bemadeupof由……组成/构成

(1)makeup①弥补；补偿；补足；补(考)　②整理(房间等)；准备(床铺等)　③调停；和解　④虚构；捏造
①Hemadeupsomeexcuseabouthisdaughterbeingsick.
他编造了个借口，说他的女儿病了。
②CanIleaveearlythisafternoonandmakeupthetimetomorrow?
我今天下午早点走，明天补上这段时间，可以吗？
③Hasshemadeitupwithhimyet?他们和解了吗？
④Wemadeupthebedinthespareroom.我们在空屋里搭了张床。
(2)makeupfor补偿
①Howcanwemakeuptoyouforwhatyouhavesuffered?
我们如何补偿你所遭受的损失？
②makeupforlosttime补回失去的时间
③Theyhurriedontomakeupforlosttime.
他们加速进行以补回失去的时间。

辨别下列各句中makeup的意义。
(1)Theyquarreled(witheachother)butsoonmadeup.
(2)Shemadeupherfacetolookprettier.
(3)Theboymadeupastory；itwasnottrue.
(4)Weneedonemoreplayertomakeupateam.
Suggestedanswers：(1)和解；和好　(2)化妆　(3)虚构；捏造　(4)补足；凑足
Ⅲ.词汇综合运用
1．用括号中所给的单词或短语翻译下列句子。
(1)我过去常去看电影，可现在总是抽不出时间来。(usedto)
(2)他们都累得只会打哈欠了。(so...that)
(3)我难以想象我会娶那种姑娘。(imagine)
(4)她在茶中加了些糖。(add)
(5)课后尽量多练习讲英语。(as...as)
(6)这完全是偶然发生的。(bychance)
Suggestedanswers：
(1)Iusedtogotothecinemaalot，butInevergetthetimenow.
(2)Theywereallsotiredthattheycoulddonothingbutyawn.
(3)Icantimaginemymarryingagirlofthatkind.
(4)Sheaddedsugartohertea.
(5)PleasepracticespeakingEnglishasmuchasyoucanafterclass.
(6)Ithappenedquitebychance.
2．根据汉语提示，完成下列句子。
(1)Thesuitcase____________(制成)leatherissquare.
(2)______(虽然)tired，shekeptwaiting.
(3)Icant______(赢得)hisfriendship，thoughIvetried.
(4)Alloursupplyoffood__________________(用完了)．
(5)If__________________(没有)air，therewouldbenolifeontheearth.
Suggestedanswers：
(1)madeof　(2)Though　(3)win　(4)hasrunout　(5)therewereno
?Step5　Sentencefocus
1．Somepoemstellastoryordescribesomethinginawaythatwillgivethereaderastrongimpression.(P10)
有的诗歌讲述一个故事或用一种能给读者深刻印象的方式来描述某件事。
在这个复合句中，含有一个由that引导的定语从句，that在从句中作主语，修饰名词way。和下面两个句子比较一下，看有什么区别。
①Ifeelsurprisedatthewayin_which/that/不填hetalkstohismother.
②In1770，theroomwascompletedtheway_in_which/that/不填shewantedit.
2．Somerhymewhileothersdonot.(P10)
清单诗有些押韵，有些不押韵。
这是由while引导的并列句。while意思是“然而；可是”，表示对比。
试着翻译一个句子：
他是医生，而我是老师。(HeisadoctorwhileIamateacher.)
while还有很多常见的含义，猜测它在下面各句中的含义并写出选项。
A．只要　B．然而　C．虽然；尽管　D．当……时候
①WhileIunderstandwhatyousay，Icantagreewithyou.______
②MywifekeptsilentwhileIwaswriting.______
③Strikewhiletheironishot.______
④Whilethereislifethereishope.______
⑤Theircountryhasplentyofoil，whileourshasnone.______
Suggestedanswers：①C　②D　③D　④A　⑤B
3．Anothersimpleformofpoemthatstudentscaneasilywriteisthecinquain，apoemmadeupoffivelines.(P10)
另外一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫做五行诗。
这是一个倒装句，全句的主语是anothersimpleformofpoem。that从句是定语从句，修饰poem。在逗号后apoem是名词作同位语，是对前面的名词thecinquain的解释说明。过去分词短语madeupof作定语，修饰前面名词apoem，相当于一个定语从句whichismadeupoffivelines.
?Step6　Homework
1．FinishofftheWorkbookexercisesinUsingWordsandExpressions.DoExercise3inyourexercisebook.
2．Learntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsbyheart.
?Step7　Reflectionafterteaching
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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GlobalwarmingPeriod3　Grammar—theUseof“It”(2)

GlobalwarmingPeriod3　Grammar—theUseof“It”(2)
整体设计
教学内容分析　
Thisteachingperiodmainlydealswiththegrammar：theuseof“it”．“It”hasmanyusagesintheEnglishlanguage.“It”canbeusedasapronounandtheformofsubjectandobject，andbeusedtoexpressemphasis.FromUnit3weknowthat“it”canbeusedasapronounandtheformofsubjectandobject.Inthisunitwewilllearnthat“it”canbeusedtoexpressemphasis.Thiskindofsentenceiscalledemphasizedsentences.Itsmainformis“Itis/was...that/who...”，whichisaveryusefulsentencepattern.
三维目标设计　
Knowledgeandskills
1．Togetthestudentstoknowthestructureoftheemphasizedsentences.
2．Toletthestudentslearntheusagesoftheemphasizedsentences.
3．Toenablethestudentstousetheemphasizedsentencescorrectlyandproperly.
Processandmethods
1．Toaskthestudentstoreadthereadingpassageagain，pickouttheemphasizedsentencesfromthereadingpassageandtranslatethemintoChinese.
2．Toaskthestudentstodiscoverthestructureandusagesoftheemphasizedsentencesbycomparingalotofexamplesentences.
3．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage29tomastertheemphasizedsentences.
4．Toaskthestudentstosummarizetheusagesoftheemphasizedsentences.
5．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPage64andsomeotheradditionalexercisesforconsolidation.
Emotion，attitudeandvalue
1．Togetthestudentstobecomeinterestedingrammarlearning.
2．Todevelopthestudentsabilityofcomparingandsummarizing.
教学重、难点　
1．Togetthestudentstomasterthestructureandusagesoftheemphasizedsentences.
2．Toenablethestudentstolearnhowtousetheemphasizedsentences.
教学过程
?Step1　Revision
1．Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2．Dictatesomenewwordsandexpressions.
?Step2　Warmingup
Askthestudentstocomparethetwosentencesbelow.Thesecondsentenceisfromthereadingpassage.TranslatethemintoChineseandthendiscussanydifferenceinmeaningandform.Askthestudentstoexplainwhy“it”isusedinthesecondsentence.
Humanactivityhascausedthisglobalwarming.
It_ishumanactivity_thathascausedthisglobalwarming.
Tellthestudentstherearetwomoresentencesinthetextinwhich“it”isusedforemphasis.Findthemandthenwritethemdown.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Suggestedanswers：
1．It_wasascientistcalledCharlesKeeling，whomadeaccuratemeasurementsoftheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospherefrom1957to1997.
2．...it_istheburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelsthathasresultedinthisincreaseincarbondioxide.
?Step3　Grammarlearning
Askthestudentstostudythefollowingsentencesandtrytosummarizethestructureoftheemphasizedsentences.
Tomfoundmypenintheclassroomyesterday.ItwasTomwho/thatfoundmypenintheclassroomyesterday.ItwasmypenthatTomfoundintheclassroomyesterday.ItwasintheclassroomthatTomfoundmypenyesterday.ItwasyesterdaythatTomfoundmypenintheclassroom.
?Step4　Summingup
Trytohelpthestudentsdrawthefollowingconclusions.
1．Themainstructureoftheemphasizedsentencesis“Itis/was...that/who...”．
2．Theemphasizedsentencescanbeusedtoemphasizethesubject，objectandadverbial(includingadverbialoftimeandadverbialofplace)．
3．Whenwewanttoemphasizethesubject，objectandadverbial，weonlyneedtoputthesepartsbetween“itis/was”and“that/who”，therestpartshouldntbechanged.
4．Whentheemphasizedpartisapersonwecanuseboththestructure“Itis/was...that...”andthestructure“Itis/was...who...”．Whentheemphasizedpartisnotapersonwecanonlyusethestructure“Itis/was...that...”．
?Step5　Grammarpractice
Askstudentstodothefollowingexercises：
1．Changethefollowingsentencesintoemphasizedsentences.(Toemphasizetheunderlinedparts.)
(1)Peterlentusthemoney.
(2)Theywantmoney.
(3)Allthishappenedon_Monday.
(4)Ididnthearfromheruntil_last_summer.
(5)WhydoeseveryonethinkIamnarrow－minded?
Suggestedanswers：
(1)ItwasPeterwholentusthemoney.
(2)Itismoneythattheywant.
(3)ItwasonMondaythatallthishappened.
(4)ItwasnotuntillastsummerthatIheardfromher.
(5)WhyisitthateveryonethinksIamnarrow－minded?
Thelasttwomaybealittledifficultforthestudents.Helpthemtogetthecorrectanswer.
2．DoExercise2inDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage29.
3．DotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPage64.
Firstaskstudentstodotheexercisesindividually，andthenletthemdiscussandchecktheiranswerswiththeirpartners，andfinallygivethemcorrectanswersanddealwithanyproblemstheymightmeet.
?Step6　Gettingmoreaboutthegrammar
Showthefollowingsentencestothestudentsandaskthemtofindwhatthesimilarityofthesesentencesis.
1Itiswhatyoudoratherthanwhatyousaythatmatters.2Itwasafterhegotwhathehaddesiredthatherealizeditwasnotsoimportant.3ItwasnotuntilshegothomethatJenniferrealizedshehadlostherkeys.
Suggestedanswers：
Inthesethreesentences，theunderlinedpartsareallclauses—asubjectclauseandtwoadverbialclauses.Thatistosay，theemphasizedsentencecannotonlybeusedtoemphasizesubject，objectandadverbial，butalsobeusedtoemphasizesubjectclausesandadverbialclauses.Payspecialattentiontothethirdsentence，inwhich“not”and“until”mustbeputtogether.
ThenshowthefollowingtwosentencestostudentsandaskthemtotranslatethemintoChinese.Payattentiontothesentencepattern.
1Wasitin1969thattheAmericanastronautssucceededinlandingonthemoon？2Whowasitthatputsomanylargestonesontheroad？
Suggestedanswers：(1)美国宇航员是于1969年成功登陆月球的吗？
(2)究竟是谁在路上放了这么多大石头？
Thegeneralquestionsentencesandthewh－questionsentencesoftheemphasizedsentencesshouldfollowthefollowingformulas：
Is/Wasit＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分
Wh－疑问词＋is/wasitthat＋其他部分
?Step7　Task－basedlearning
Askstudentstochooseatopictheylike(eg.globalwarming，wildlife，protection，music，film，etc)．Workingroupsandtrytotelltheinformationtheyknowaboutthetopicusingemphatic“it”．
EXAMPLES：
Itwasduringthe20thcenturythatthetemperatureoftheearthwentupaboutonedegreeFahrenheit.
ItwasCharlesKeelingwhomadeaccuratemeasurementsoftheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere.
?Step8　Closingdownbyaquiz
Showstudentsthefollowingonthescreenorgiveouttestpaperstothemandthenaskthemtofinishtheseexercisesin10minutes.
1．Wasitinthisplace______theyoncebuiltatallbuilding?
A．thatB．inwhich
C．beforeD．which
2．Itis______heoftenbreakstheschoolrules______makeshisheadteacherunsatisfiedwithhim.
A．what；thatB．that；what
C．that；thatD．because；that
3．ItisbecauseEnglishisbeingwidelyusedatpresent______.
A．whywelearnithardB．thatwelearnithard
C．whichwemustlearnD．whenweshouldlearn
4．—Wasitwhathesaidorsomethingthathedid______madeyoucrysosadly，Sarah?
—No，notreally.
A．whichB．that
C．whenD．what
5．______thepeoplehavebecomemastersoftheircountry______sciencecanreallyservethepeople.
A．Itisonlythen；thatB．Itwasthat；when
C．Itisonlywhen；thatD．Itwaswhen；then
6．—Ithinkwehavemetthewordbefore.
—Yes.Itisinthereadingmaterial______we______readingyesterday.
A．that；didB．that；were
C．when；wereD．when；did
7．Itwasthere，thepolicebelieve，______shewasabletoactivatetherecordershekeptinherbag.
A．untilB．which
C．thatD．when
8．Itwasthissenseoffailure______madehimdeterminedtosucceedinhisnewlife.
A．whoB．which
C．thatD．why
9．______thatsomanypeoplethinkthatbeingperfectisthewaytogo?
A．ItiswhyB．Whyisit
C．WhyitisD．Iswhyit
10．Whenaskedtoexplain______hedoestomakehisstudentssoenthusiasticaboutschool，hepausesandthinksdeeply.
A．whatitisthatB．thatwhatitis
C．whatisitthatD．thatwhatisit
11．—WasntitDrWangwhospoketoyoujustnow?
—______.
A．IdidntknowwhowasB．Yes，itwas
C．No，hewasntD．Yes，hedid
12．Itwas______hesaidatthemeetinglastnight______mademeangry.
A．what；thatB．that；that
C．what；whatD．that；what
13．Was______thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?
A．ityouB．notyou
C．youD．thatyourself
14．Itwasthenervousnessintheinterview______probablylosthimthejob.
A．whichB．since
C．thatD．what
15．Itwas______Ireachedthere______Ibegantoknowsomethingaboutthematter.
A．until；whenB．until；that
C．notuntil；thatD．notwhen；that
16．Itwas______myfatherworked______Iworkednow.
A．where；thatB．where；when
C．that；whereD．that；that
17．Whatasillymistakeitis______youvemake!
A．it　B．that
C．thisD．which
Suggestedanswers：1～5ACBBC　6～10BCCBA　11～15BAACC　16～17AB
?Step9　Homework
1．FinishofftheWorkbookexercises.
2．PreviewthenewwordsandexpressionsleftinUnit5andthepassageonPage30.Markanyparttheycantunderstandwell.
?Step10　Reflectionafterteaching
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

LivingwellPeriod3　Grammar

作为优秀的教学工作者，在教学时能够胸有成竹，教师要准备好教案，这是教师需要精心准备的。教案可以更好的帮助学生们打好基础，帮助教师提高自己的教学质量。所以你在写教案时要注意些什么呢？经过搜索和整理，小编为大家呈现“LivingwellPeriod3　Grammar”，但愿对您的学习工作带来帮助。

LivingwellPeriod3　Grammar

Teachingaims　

1．Studentswillbeabletorecognizetheinfinitivesandknowtheexactmeaningsofthem.

2．Studentswillbeabletousethesestructurescorrectly.Teachingprocedures　

?Step1　Revision

AskseveralstudentstoretellMartysstory.ShowMartysminibiographyonthePowerPoint.

Myminibiography

Name

MartyFielding

Status

Highschoolstudent

Health

Developedamusclediseaseattheageof10，veryweak，cannotdothingslikenormalpeople

InterestsandHobbies

·Enjoyingwritingandcomputerprogramming

·Goingtothemoviesandfootballmatcheswithfriends

·Spendingalotoftimewithmypets—tworabbits，aparrot，atankfulloffishandatortoise

Ambition

Toworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftware

Motto

Liveonedayatatime?Step2　Discoveringusefulstructures

1．基本概念

不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，而且不能单独用作谓语，但仍旧有动词的特点，即可有自己的宾语和状语，构成不定式短语，使用频率较高。是一个考试经常考查的语法点。

2．基本形式

主动形式

被动形式

一般式

todo

tobedone

完成式

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

进行式

tobedoing

/

完成进行式

tohavebeendoing

/

否定形式

nottodo

nottobedone

疑问词＋不定式

wh－todo

wh－tobedone

复合结构

sb.todo/forsb.todo

/3.句法功能

不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语，还可以有自己的逻辑主语，即forsb.todosth.。

Itisgoodto_help_others.(subject)

Itismyambitionto_make_sure_that_the_disabled_people_in_our_neighbourhood_have_

access_to_all_public_buildings.(subject)

Myambitionis_to_work_inthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.(predicative)

Idonthavetimeto_sit_aroundfeelingsorryformyself.(attributive)

Iamtheonlystudentinmyclassto_have_a_pet_snake.(attributive)

Abigcompanyhasdecidedto_buy_it_from_me.(object)

Myfellowstudentshavebegunto_accept_me_for_who_I_am.(object)

Ihavehadtoworkhard_to_live_a_normal_life.(adverbial)

SomedaysIamtootiredto_get_out_of_bed.(adverbial)

Wemustcallonlocalgovernment_to_give_financial_assistance_to_disabled_people.(objectcomplement)

4．不定式的时态与语态

根据需要，不定式可以有一般式(todo)，完成式(tohavedone)，完成进行式(tohavebeendoing)，进行式(tobedoing)等时态形式以及被动形式tobedone和tohavebeendone。

Hedidntallowustogohomeearly.

他不允许我们早回家。

Heseemedtohaveseenthefilm.

他好像看过这部电影。

Sheissaidtohavebeenlivinginthecityforsixyears.

据说她住在该城市六年了。

Theboypretendedtobereadingwhenhismothercamein.

当他母亲进来的时候，小男孩假装在读书。

Heissaidtohavestudiedabroadafewyearsago.

据说他几年前在国外学习过。

Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.

据说此书已被译成了多种语言。

[注意]

1．Thefollowingverbsareusuallyfollowedbytheinfinitive.

afford，agree，appear，arrange，ask，attempt，care，choose，claim，come，consent，dare，decide，demand，deserve，determine，elect，endeavor，expect，fail，get，guarantee，hate，help，hesitate，hope，hurry，intend，learn，long，manage，mean，need，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，say，seem，tend，threaten，want，wish

Forexample：

Icantaffordto_gotothepub.

Heagreedto_practice_more.

Youshouldlearnto_express_yourself.

Theymanaged_to_fix_the_problem.

2．Explanationofthegerundandtheinfinitive

Somewordscanbefollowedbyeithertheinfinitiveorthe－ingform.Pleasepayattentionwhenthereisnodifferenceinmeaningandwhenthereisdifference.

(1)Thegerundandtheinfinitive(nodifferenceinmeaning)

Weusethegerundortheinfinitiveafterthefollowingverbs：

begin

Hebegantalking.

Hebegantotalk.

continue

Theycontinuesmoking.

Theycontinuetosmoke.

hate

DoyouhateworkingonSaturdays？

DoyouhatetoworkonSaturdays？

like

Ilikeswimming.

Iliketoswim.

love

Shelovespainting.

Shelovestopaint.

prefer

Patpreferswalkinghome.

Patpreferstowalkhome.

start

Theystartsinging.

Theystarttosing.

Weusethegerundortheinfinitiveafterthefollowingverbs.Therearetwopossiblestructuresaftertheseverbs.Gerund：verb＋－ing

Infinitive：verb＋person＋to－infinitive

advise

Theyadvisewalking_totown.

Theyadviseus_to_walktotown.

allow

Theydonotallowsmokinghere.

Theydonotallow_us_to_smoke_here.

encourage

Theyencourage_doing_thetest.

Theyencourageus_to_do_thetest.

permit

Theydonotpermitsmokinghere.

Theydonotpermitus_to_smokehere.Weusethefollowingstructuresafterthewordrecommend：

recommend

Theyrecommendwalking_totown.

Theyrecommendthat_we_(should)_walk_to_town.(2)Someverbsorverbphraseshavedifferentmeaningswhenusedwiththegerundortheinfinitive.

GERUND

INFINITIVE

forget

Hellneverforgetspending_somuchmoneyonhisfirstcomputer.他永远不会忘记在第一台电脑上花费了这么多钱。

Dontforgetto_spendmoneyonthetickets.

不要忘记用钱去买票。

goon

Goonreadingthetext.

继续读这篇文章。(继续做同一件事)

Goonto_read_thetext.

继续读这篇文章。(继续做另一件事)

mean

Youhaveforgottenyourhomeworkagain.Thatmeansphoning_yourmother.

你又忘记做家庭作业了，这意味着我要打电话给你妈妈。

Imeantto_phoneyourmother，butmymobiledidntwork.

我本打算打电话给你妈妈，但是我的手机坏了。

remember

Irememberswitching_offthelightswhenIwentonholiday.

我记得我去度假时把灯都关掉了。

Rememberto_switch_offthelightswhenyougoonholiday.

当你去度假时，记得把灯关掉。

stop

Stopreading_thetext.

停止读这篇文章。

Stopto_read_thetext.

停下来读这篇文章。

try

Whydontyoutryrunning_afterthedog？

你为什么不尝试跟着狗跑呢？

Itriedto_runafterthedog，butI．..

我竭尽全力跟着狗跑，但是……?Step3　Drilling

AskstudentstodoExercise2onPage5andcheckwiththeirpartnersthenchecktogether.

Keys：tohavekeptyouwaiting；tohaveforgotten；tohavefinished；

AskstudentstodoExercise3andsharetheirpastexperienceinagroup.

Keys：tohavespent；Tofree；tosee；totreat；tohelppass；toabolish

?Step4　Usingtheinfinitive

AskstudentstotranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishandpayattentiontotheuseoftheinfinitive.

1．我忘了让你去社区服务中心了。

2．在检查机器之前关掉电源是很重要的。

3．我不知道哪儿能找到这种纽扣。

4．幸运的是，我们没有更多的活儿要做。

5．海伦很高兴到过中国20多个省、市。

6．她事业有成，现在最大的愿望就是结婚生子。

Suggestedanswers：

1．Iforgottoaskyoutogotothecommunityservicecenter.

2．Itsveryimportanttoturnofftheelectricitybeforeyoucheckthemachine.

3．Idontknowwheretofindsuchakindofbutton.

4．Luckily，wedonthavemuchmoreworktodo.

5．Helenisverypleasedtohavetravelledinmorethan20provincesandcitiesinChina.

6．Shehasbeenverysuccessfulinherwork，andnowhergreatestwishistogetmarriedandhavesomechildren.

?Step5　Homework

FinishoffExercises2and3onP49.

RobotsPeriod3　Grammar

一位优秀的教师不打无准备之仗，会提前做好准备，作为高中教师就要精心准备好合适的教案。教案可以让学生更好地进入课堂环境中来，帮助高中教师提高自己的教学质量。那么，你知道高中教案要怎么写呢？下面是小编精心收集整理，为您带来的《RobotsPeriod3　Grammar》，希望能对您有所帮助，请收藏。

Period3　Grammar

Teachingaims　

1．Revisethepassivevoice(includingtheinfinitive)andknowtheexactmeaningofthestructure.

2．Beabletousetheusefulwords，expressionsandstructurescorrectly.

Teachingprocedures　

?Step1　Revision

Askstudentstoanswerthefollowingquestionswithoutreferringtothetextbook.

1．WhatwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarryswife，Claire?

2．HowdidLarryBelmontfinallypersuadehiswifetoaccepttheexperiment?

3．HowdidClairefeelwhenshewasofferedsympathybyarobot?

4．WhatdidTonyexpecttodoaboutthehousebeforehewastoleaveandLarrywastoreturn?

5．HowdidClairefeelwhenshewasenviedbythosewomen?

6．WhathappenedtoTonyatlast?

Suggestedanswers：

1．TherobotwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarryswife，Claire.

2．Larrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldntharmherorallowhertobeharmed.

3．Shethoughtitwasridiculoustobeofferedsympathybyarobot.

4．Tonyexpectedthehousetobecompletelytransformed.

5．Shefeltitasweetvictorytobeenviedbythosewomen.

6．Tonyhadtoberebuilt.

?Step2　Grammarlearning

1．不定式的被动形式

当不定式与逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，即不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动形式。其被动式可以分为两种：一般式和完成式。

(1)一般式：tobedone，表示不定式动作在谓语动词之后或者同时发生。

Itisagreathonor_to_be_invited_tospeakhere.

很荣幸被邀请在这里讲话。

Thenovelissaid_to_be_published_nextmonth.

据说这本小说下月要出版。

(2)完成式：tohavebeendone，表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前。

Thebookissaidto_have_been_translated_intosixlanguages.

这本书据说已经被翻译成六种语言。

Thebosspreferred_to_have_been_given_moreworktodo.

老板宁愿被分给更多的工作做。

被动

一般式

tobedone

完成式

tohavebeendone2.不定式被动形式的作用

(1)作主语

Itsanhonorto_be_invitedtotheceremony.

很荣幸被邀请赴宴。

Itsapityto_be_keptinthehouseinsuchfineweather.

在这样好的天气被关在家里真是遗憾。

(2)作表语

Theletteris_to_be_sent_byairmail.

这封信笺要空邮。

(3)作宾语

Shedidntliketo_be_treatedasachild.

她不喜欢被当成孩子。

Theboyaskedto_be_givenanopportunitytotryagain.

那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。

(4)作宾语补足语

Idlikemybedroomto_be_cleaned.

我想整理一下我的卧室。

(5)作定语

Hewasthelastone_to_be_askedtospeakatthemeeting.

他是最后一个在会上被邀请发言的人。

(6)作状语

Hismotherleftthesmallvillage，never_to_be_seenagain.

他母亲离开了那个小山村，再也没有人见过她。

3．不定式有些要注意的地方

(1)感官动词和一些使役动词的不定式的主动形式要省去to，但在变成被动语态后需要加上to，能这样用的动词或动词词组有：make，have，let，see，hear，notice，listento，watch等。如：

Weoftenseehimactlikethat.＝Heisoftenseentoactlikethat.

我们常常看到他那样做。

(2)在canthelpbut，havenothingtodobut结构中，介词but后的不定式省去to。如：

Icant_help_butsuspecthismotive.

我不禁怀疑起他的动机。

Ihave_nothing_to_do_but_watchTV.

我没什么事情可做，除了看电视。

(3)不定式有时要用主动形式表示被动意义

①形容词以及含有形容词的名词后的不定式，一般用主动形式表示被动意义，其中形容词常见的有easy，difficult，important，impossible等。如：

Theworkisimpossible_to_finishintwodays.

工作不可能两天之内完成。

Englishisnotsoeasy_to_learn.

英语并不好学。

②一些固定用法，如“挨骂，受责备，受批评”用betoblame；“(东西等)出租”用tolet。

Heistoblameforwhathehasdone.

他应为他所做的受责备。

Thehouseistolet.房子要出租。

?Step3　Exercises

1．ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang，whowasreported______theworldrecordinthe110－meterhurdlerace.

A．breaking　B．havingbroken　

C．tohavebroken　D．tobreak

2．Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood______.

A．tobebreathedB．tobreathe

C．breathing　D．beingbreathed

3．______theprojectasplanned，wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.

A．Completing　B．Complete

C．Completed　D．Tocomplete

4．Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple，butitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit.

A．tosee　B．tobeseen

C．seeing　D．seen

5．Ihurriedtothemeetinghall，only______thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.

A．totell　B．tobetold

C．telling　D．told

6．Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth；sheappears______everything.

A．totell　B．tobetold

C．tobetelling　D．tohavebeentold

7．LittleTomshouldlove______tothetheaterthisevening.

A．tobetaken　B．totake

C．beingtaken　D．taking

8．Itissaidthatplasticscanbeusedto______manythings.Nowpeopleareusedto______plasticsproducts.

A．make；usingB．making；using

C．making；useD．make；use

9．Withalotofproblems______，thenewly－electedpresidentishavingahardtime.

A．settled　B．settlingC．tosettle　D．beingsettled

Keys：1～5CBDBB　6～9DAAC?Step4　Drilling

AskstudentstodoExercise1onPage14andthenchecktheanswerstogether.

Keys：

Exercise1

betestedout，beharmed，beoffered，wasamazed，wasnotallowed，bediscovered，becompletelytransformed，wereimpressed，beenvied，berebuilt

AskstudentstodoExercise2andthenchecktheanswerstogether.

Keys：

Exercise2

1．tobedesigned　2.toberebuilt　3.tobeaccompanied　4.tobeknownas　5.tobefilledwith　6.tobetestedout　7.tobeenvied　8.tobesetaside

?Step5　Usingthepassiveinfinitive

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishusingthepassiveinfinitive.

1．那本关于《圣经》的书需要在这个周末之前还给图书馆。

2．下周末前，这个旧扶手椅将由一个沙发代替。

3．不要着急，你有足够的时间把那个传真发到你的公司。

4．你同妻子离婚的决定必须要得到她的同意。

5．刚刚出了一起事故，不过没有必要惊慌，没有人受伤。

6．虽然她考得不错，但是她预料父母还是会对考试的结果感到失望。

7．当在医院进行大手术的时候，她得到了家人的关爱和支持，为此她感到非常高兴。

8．他为自己被宣布成为智力竞赛冠军得主的事感到十分兴奋。

9．他把他们已经得到的2000元与将提供的1500元加在一起，总共3500元。

10．没有主力队员的参与，他们一定会在即将到来的比赛中被打败。

Suggestedanswers：

1．ThatbookontheHolyBibleneedstobereturnedtothelibraryby/beforetheendoftheweek.

2．Thatoldarmchairistobereplacedbyasofanextweek.

3．Dontworry—youstillhaveplentyoftimeforthatfaxtobesenttoyourcompany.

4．Yourdecisiontodivorceyourwifehastobemadewithheragreement.

5．Therehasbeenanaccidentbutthereisnoneedtobealarmed.Nobodyhasbeenhurt.

6．Althoughshehaddonewell，sheexpectedherparentstobedisappointedbyherexamresults.

7．Shewashappytobesupportedbytheaffectionofherfamilywhenshehadaseriousoperationinhospital.

8．Hewassoexcitedtobedeclaredthewinnerofthetalentcompetition.

9．Headdedthe2000yuantheyhadreceivedtothe1500yuantobeoffered，making3500yuaninall.

10．Withouttheirkey/leadingplayer，theyreboundtobebeateninthecomingcompetition.

?Step6　Homework

FinishoffExercises1and2onPage56.