AhealthylifePeriod3　Grammar—theUseof“It”(1)。

一名优秀负责的教师就要对每一位学生尽职尽责，作为教师就要好好准备好一份教案课件。教案可以让学生能够听懂教师所讲的内容，有效的提高课堂的教学效率。关于好的教案要怎么样去写呢？小编经过搜集和处理，为您提供AhealthylifePeriod3　Grammar—theUseof“It”(1)，希望对您的工作和生活有所帮助。

AhealthylifePeriod3　Grammar—theUseof“It”(1)
整体设计
教学内容分析　
Thisteachingperiodmainlydealswiththegrammar：theuseof“it”．Theimpersonalpronoun“it”isusedfrequentlyinEnglishandhasmanydifferentfunctions.“It”canbeusedinthesubjectorobjectposition，tostandforaninfinitive，－ingformoraclause.Theimpersonalpronoun“it”canbeusedtotalkabouttime，distance，weather，etc.“It”canalsobeusedforemphasis.
Inthisperiodwewillfocusononlypartofitsusages，thatis，theuseof“it”whenthesubjectofasentenceisaclause，aninfinitive，orthe－ingform.
三维目标设计　
Knowledgeandskills
1．Toletthestudentslearntheuseof“it”．
2．Toenablethestudentstouse“it”correctlyandproperly.
Processandmethods
1．Toaskthestudentstoreadthereadingpassageagain，pickoutthesentenceswiththeword“it”inthemandwritesomeontheblackboard.
2．Toaskthestudentstodiscoverhow“it”isusedinvariousways.
3．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage21forstudentstomastertheuseof“it”．
4．Toaskthestudentstosummarizetheuseof“it”．
5．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPage57andsomeotheradditionalexercisesforconsolidation.
Emotion，attitudeandvalue
1．Togetthestudentstobecomeinterestedingrammarlearning.
2．Todevelopthestudentsabilityofcomparingandsummarizing.
教学重、难点　
1．Togetthestudentstomasterthestructureandusagesofthepronoun“it”．
2．Toenablethestudentstolearnhowtouse“it”．
教学过程
?Step1　Revision
1．Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2．Dictatesomenewwordsandexpressions.
3．TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish：
(1)她对电视入了迷。
(2)虽然有暴风雨，我们依旧准点到达了火车站。
(3)我每次去访问他，他都不在。
Suggestedanswers：
(1)Sheisaddictedtotelevision.
(2)Wearrivedatthestationinspiteofthestorm.
(3)EverytimeIcallonhim，heisout.
?Step2　Warmingup
Askthestudentstorereadthepassageandfindoutthesentenceswiththeword“it”inthem.Forexample：
(1)ItisabeautifuldayhereandIamsittingunderthebigtreeattheendofthegarden.
(2)ItseemsamazingthatatmyageIamstillfitenoughtocycle20kilometresinanafternoon.
(3)Yourmothertellsmethatyoustartedsmokingsometimeagoandnowyouarefindingitdifficulttogiveitup.
(4)Itmighthelpyoutostopandstrengthenyourresolve.
Askthestudentstothinkabouttheuseof“it”accordingtotheabovefoursentences.
?Step3　Grammarlearning
Askthestudentstostudythefollowingsentencesandtrytosummarizethestructureandusagesof“it”．
1．Thepersonalpronoun“it”andtheimpersonalpronoun“it”．
(1)Tomsmotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharderbutitdidnthelp.
(2)—Whoisknockingatthedoor?
—Itsme.
(3)Itsaboutfivekilometersfromheretotherailwaystation.
(4)Itsgettingcolderandcoldereveryday.
2．“It”isusedinthesubjectorobjectposition.
(1)Shethoughtitnousetellinghimaboutthat.
(2)IrememberImadeitcleartoyouthatIwasnotcoming.
(3)Itsimportanttodopropermemoryworkinthestudyofaforeignlanguage.
(4)Itisnouselearningwithoutthinking.
(5)Itisapitythatyoudidntseesuchagoodfilm.
?Step4　Summingup
Trytohelpthestudentsdrawthefollowingconclusions.
1．“It”isaveryusefulwordandcanbeusedinmanyways.
2．Thepersonalpronoun“it”cansubstitutesomethingthatismentionedbefore.Insomecertainsituations，“it”canstandforanunidentifiedpersonorababy.
3．Theimpersonalpronoun“it”canbeusedtotalkabouttime，distance，weather，etc.
4．“It”canactasasubjectoranobject，whiletherealsubjectorobjectcanbeputbackwardsintheformofaninfinitive，－ingformoraclause.
?Step5　Grammarpractice
Askstudentstodothefollowingexercises：
1．Rewritethesentencesusing“it”structuresgiven.
(1)Givingupsmokingisdifficult.(Itis...)
(2)Mostpeoplebelievesmokingcausescancer.(Itisbelieved...)
(3)Thenightwasdarkandstormywhentheoldmanstartedhisjourney.(Itwasa．..)
(4)Dontquitonastressfulday.(Itsnouse...)
Suggestedanswers：
(1)Itisdifficulttogiveupsmoking.
(2)Itisbelievedthatsmokingcausescancer.
(3)Itwasadarkandstormynightwhentheoldmanstartedhisjourney.
(4)Itisnousetryingtoquitonastressfulday.
2．DotheremainingexercisesinExercise2inDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage21.
3．Firstaskstudentstodotheexercisesindividually，andthenletthemdiscussandchecktheiranswerswiththeirpartners，andfinallygivethemthecorrectanswersanddealwithanyproblemstheymightmeet.
?Step6　Gettingmoreaboutthegrammar
1．it作形式主语的几种句型
①It＋be＋形容词/名词(difficult/necessary/arule/aduty)＋for/of＋sb.todosth.
②It＋be＋形容词/名词(difficult/necessary/arule/aduty)＋thatclause
③It＋be＋过去分词(said/reported/known)＋thatclause
④It＋be＋形容词/名词(useless/nouse/nogood)＋doing
⑤It＋takessb.sometime＋todosth.
⑥It＋seems/appears＋thatclause
⑦It＋seems/appears＋asifclause
2．it作形式宾语的特殊用法。某些及物动词或短语不能加宾语从句，此时须先用it作形式宾语，然后接宾语从句。此种用法常用于like，dislike，hate，appreciate，dependon，seeto等后。如：
Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.
Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.
Illappreciateitifyouclosethedoorforme.
Ilikeitintheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.
3．it引起的几个易混的时间句型
1)Itstimeforsb.todosth.和Its(about/high)timethatsb.didsth.(shoulddosth.)。例如：
Itstimeforustogotobed.
Its(about/high)timethatwewent/shouldgotobed.
注意：Its(about/high)timethat句型中，谓语动词须用虚拟语气，即用动词的过去式或“should＋动词原形”(should不能省略)。
(2)It/This/Thatis＋thefirst/secondtime＋thatsb.has/havedonesth.和It/This/Thatwasthefirst/secondtimethatsb.haddonesth.例如：
Thisisthefourthtimethatshehasrungyoutoday.
ItwasthesecondtimethatIhadvisitedtheGreatWalllastyear.
(3)Itwillbelong/hours/days/yearsbeforesb.do/doessth.和Itwaslong/hours/days/yearsbeforesb.didsth.例如：
Itwillbetwoyearsbeforewemeetagain.
ItwasalongtimebeforeIgottosleepagainlastnight.
(4)Itis/hasbeen＋years/days/weekssincesb.didsth.和Itwasyears/days/weekssincesb.haddonesth.例如：
—Whatwasthepartylike?
—Wonderful.ItsyearssinceIenjoyedmyselfsomuch.
ItwasyearssinceIhadbegantolearnEnglish.
(5)Itis/was＋具体时间点＋whenclause。例如：
Its6oclockwhenIgohomefromschooleveryday.
Itwasfiveoclockwhentheyfinishedthejob.
注意：在本结构中，when引导的从句是定语从句，具体时间点是先行词。
?Step7　Summingup
Trytohelpthestudentsdrawthefollowingconclusions.
1．TherearemanysentencepatternsinEnglishwith“it”inthem.“It”hasmanyfunctions.
2．When“it”actsasasubjectoranobject，therealsubjectorobjectcanappearintheformofaninfinitive，－ingformoraclause.Theimpersonalpronoun“it”canbeusedtotalkabouttime，distance，weather，etc.
?Step8　Playingagame
1．Getstudentstoformgroupsof6.
2．Letstudentsplaythegame“Whatisit？”．Spendsometimemakingupcluestoidentifyseveralobjects/illnesses/habitsinthisunit.Thenreadyourcluestoyourpartnerandseeifhe/shecanidentifythem.Choosethebestonestoreadtotheclass.
EXAMPLES：
Itisabadhabitforbothmalesandfemales.
Itissomethingyoushouldntstartbecauseyouwillbeaddictedtoit.
Itissomethingwhichisillegal.
Itisaveryexpensivehabitandsoitwillwasteyourmoney.
?Step9　Closingdownbyaquiz
Showstudentsthefollowingonthescreenorgiveouttestpaperstothem.
1．Ittookusoveranhour______alongthestreet.
A．walk　B．towalk　
C．walking　D．walked
2．Ithinkitagreathonor______tovisityourcountry.
A．toinviteB．inviting　
C．havinginvitedD．tobeinvited
3．Manypeoplenowmake______aruletobuycardsfortheirfriendsbeforeChristmas.
A．themselvesB．it　
C．thatD．this
4．______isverycleartoeveryonethatheisroundandtalllikeatree.
A．ThisB．What
C．ThatD．It
5．IntheUnitedStates，bustraveldoesntcostmuchastraintravel，______？
A．donttheyB．doesit
C．dothey　D．doesntit
6．Someoneisatthedoor；whois______？
A．thisB．that
C．it　D．he
7．______raininghardforthreehourswithoutstopping.
A．ItisB．Itwas
C．Ithasbeen　D．Ithadbeen
8．—Hastheboygothisbicyclenow?
—Yes，thepolicegave______.　
A．himtohimB．ittoit
C．ittohim　D．himtoit
9．Itisimportant______theiroffer.　
A．reject　B．rejects
C．toreject　D．rejecting
10．Has______beendecidedwhenwearetoholdthesportsmeeting?
A．thatB．this
C．it　D．what
11．Willyouseeto______thattheluggageisbroughtback?
A．which　B．it　
C．thisD．that
12．Whatshesaiddiscouragedyou，______？
A．didit　B．didntit　
C．didshe　D．didntshe
13．____________(已经有三年了)sincehisfatherpassedaway.
14．____________(不久)thepolicearrived.
15．____________(已经八点了)whenhegothome.
16．____________(应该……的时候了)shewrotealettertoherboyfriend.
17．____________(这是第一次)thattheseEuropeanshavevisitedtheGreatWall.
Suggestedanswers：
1～5BDBDB　6～10CCCCC　11～12BB
13．Itis/hasbeenthreeyears
14．Itwasnotlongbefore
15．Itwasalreadyeightoclock
16．Itis(high)timethat
17．Itisthefirsttime
?Step10　Homework
FinishofftheWorkbookexercises.

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ArtPeriod3　Grammar—theSubjunctiveMood(1)

一名优秀负责的教师就要对每一位学生尽职尽责，作为高中教师就要早早地准备好适合的教案课件。教案可以让学生更好的消化课堂内容，使高中教师有一个简单易懂的教学思路。你知道如何去写好一份优秀的高中教案呢？为了让您在使用时更加简单方便，下面是小编整理的“ArtPeriod3　Grammar—theSubjunctiveMood(1)”，大家不妨来参考。希望您能喜欢！

ArtPeriod3　Grammar—theSubjunctiveMood(1)
整体设计
教学内容分析　
Thisteachingperiodmainlydealswiththegrammar：thesubjunctivemood.IntheEnglishlanguageverbsareoftendividedintothreedifferentmoods—theindicativemood，theimperativemoodandthesubjunctivemood.Theindicativemoodisusedtoindicateafactorputforwardaviewpoint.Theimperativemoodisusedtoexpressdirectcommandsorrequests.Ittellsyoutodosomething.Itisalsousedtosignalaprohibition，permissionoranyotherkindofexhortation.Thesubjunctivemoodisusedtoexpressaconditionwhichisdoubtfulornotfactual.Itismostoftenfoundinaclausebeginningwiththeword“if”．Itisalsofoundinnounclauses，followingaverbthatexpressesadoubt，awish，regret，request，demand，orproposal.Thefollowingareverbstypicallyfollowedbyclauseswiththesubjunctivemood：ask，demand，determine，insist，move，order，prefer，recommend，regret，request，require，suggest，wish.
Inthisperiodwewillfocusononlypartoftheusagesofthesubjunctivemood，thatis，thesubjunctivemoodbeginningwiththeword“if”andthatfollowingtheverb“wish”．
三维目标设计　
Knowledgeandskills
1．Togetthestudentstoknowthestructureofthesubjunctivemood.
2．Toletthestudentslearntheusagesofthesubjunctivemood.
3．Toenablethestudentstousethesubjunctivemoodcorrectlyandproperly.
Processandmethods
1．Toaskthestudentstoreadthereadingpassageagain，pickoutthesentenceswiththesubjunctivemoodfromthereadingpassageandtranslatethemintoChinese.
2．Toaskthestudentstodiscoverthestructureandusagesofsubjunctivemoodbycomparingalotofexamplesentences.
3．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage5forstudentstomasterthesubjunctivemood.
4．Toaskthestudentstosummarizethesubjunctivemood.
5．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPage43andsomeotheradditionalexercisesforconsolidation.
Emotion，attitudeandvalue
1．Togetthestudentstobecomeinterestedingrammarlearning.
2．Todevelopthestudentsabilityofcomparingandsummarizing.
教学重、难点　
1．Togetthestudentstomasterthestructureandusagesofthesubjunctivemood.
2．Toenablethestudentstolearnhowtousethesubjunctivemoodcorrectly.
教学过程
?Step1　Revision
1．Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2．Dictatesomenewwordsandexpressions.
3．TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish：
(1)那个项目花费了大量金钱。
(2)我想开口说几句，但是有人叫我别作声。
Suggestedanswers：
(1)Agreatdealofmoneywasspentontheproject.
(2)Iattemptedtospeakbutwastoldtobequiet.
?Step2　Warmingup
AskthestudentstogobacktoPage1andstudythefollowingthreesentencesinWarmingUpandtranslatethemintoChinesepayingspecialattentiontotheirverbforms：
(1)Ifyouwereanartist，whatkindofpictureswouldyoupaint?
(2)Ifyoucould_havethreeofthesepaintingsonthewallsofyourclassroom，whichwouldyouchoose?
(3)Haveyoueverwishedyoucould_paintaswellasaprofessionalartist?
Tellthestudentsthattheabovethreesentencesarewiththesubjunctivemoodandthendiscussitwiththem.Thenaskthestudentstothinkaboutthequestion“Whatisthesubjunctivemood？”
?Step3　Grammarlearning
Askthestudentstostudythefollowingsentencesandtrytosummarizethestructureandmeaningofthesubjunctivemood.
1．Thesubjunctivemoodbeginningwiththeword“if”：
(1)Ifitoftenrained，thecropswould_growwell.如果经常下雨的话，庄稼会长得很好。
(Thefactisthatitdoesntoftenrainandthecropsdontgrowwell.)
(2)Ifhewerehere，everythingwould_beallright.如果他在这儿的话，一切都没有问题。
(Thefactisthatheisnothereandeverythingisnotallright.)
(3)IwouldcertainlygoifIwereyou.我要是你就一定去。
(ThefactisthatIamnotyouandIwontgo.)
2．Thesubjunctivemoodfollowingtheverb“wish”：
(1)IwishIwerenotsobusy.但愿我不那样忙碌。
(ThefactisthatIamverybusy.)
(2)IwishIhadenoughmoney.但愿我有足够的钱。
(ThefactisthatIdonthaveenoughmoney.)
(3)IwishIcould_beofsomeusetoyou.我希望我对你能有点用处。
(ThefactmaybethatIamnotofanyusetoyou.)
(4)Iwishyouwouldnt_look_down_onthiskindofwork.我希望你不要看不起这种工作。
(Thefactisthatyouindeedlookdownonthiskindofwork.)
(5)Iwishyouwould_gowithustomorrow.要是你明天同我们一起去就好了。
(Thefactisthatyouwontgowithustomorrow.)
?Step4　Summingup
Trytohelpthestudentsdrawthefollowingconclusions.
1．Thesubjunctivemoodisusuallyusedtotalkaboutsituationsthatarenottrueornotlikelytobetrue.Thesituationreferredtointhesubjunctivemoodisnotreal，butitishypothetical.
2．Thesubjunctivemoodisoftenfoundinaclausebeginningwiththeword“if”．Thepasttense(were，did，coulddo)isoftenusedinthe“if”clauseand“would＋v.”isoftenusedinthemainclauseexpressingthesituationcontrarytothepresent.
3．Whentheverb“wish”isfollowedbyanobjectclause，itspredicatemustbewiththesubjunctivemood.Thepasttense(were，did)isoftenusedtoexpressthesituationcontrarytothepresentand“could/would＋v.”isoftenusedtoexpressthesituationcontrarytothefuture.
?Step5　Grammarpractice
Askstudentstodothefollowingexercises：
1．Changethefollowingsentencesintothesubjunctivemood.Puttheverbsintothecorrectform.
(1)Hehasnorighttochoosehisholiday，sohecantgotoShanghai.
(2)IcanteatshellfishbecauseIamallergictothem.
(3)Asthemarblestatueistoolargeforhergarden，thehousewifewontbuyit.
(4)Weknowverylittleaboutthedisease，sowearenotabletotreatthepatientsveryeffectively.
Suggestedanswers：
(1)Ifhehadrighttochoosehisholiday，hewouldgotoShanghai.
(2)IfIwerenotallergictoshellfish，Iwouldenjoyeatingthem.
(3)Ifthemarblestatuewerenottoolargeforhergarden，thehousewifewouldbuyit.
(4)Ifweknowmoreaboutthedisease，wewouldbeabletotreatthepatientsveryeffectively.
2．DoExercise3inDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage5.
3．DotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPage43.
Firstaskstudentstodotheexercisesindividually，andthenletthemdiscussandchecktheiranswerswiththeirpartners，andfinallygivethemthecorrectanswersanddealwithanyproblemstheymightmeet.
?Step6　Gettingmoreaboutthegrammar
AskstudentstogobacktoPage1andreadthroughthereadingpassageAShortHistoryofWesternPaintingtopickoutthesentenceswiththesubjunctivemoodandthentranslatethemintoChinese.
Suggestedanswers：
1．Iftherulesofperspectivehad_not_been_discovered，noonewould_have_beenabletopaint_suchrealisticpictures.
如果没有发现透视法，人们绝不可能画出如此逼真的画。
2．Withoutthenewpaintsandthenewtechnique，wewould_not_be_able_to_seethemanygreatmasterpiecesforwhichthisperiodisfamous.
没有新的颜料和新的(绘画)手法，我们就不可能看到很多使这一时代著名的杰作。
3．Therearescoresofmodernartstyles，butwithouttheImpressionists，manyofthesepaintingstylesmight_not_exist.
现代艺术风格有好几十种，然而如果没有印象派，那么这许多不同的风格就不可能存在。
?Step7　Summingup
Trytohelpthestudentsdrawthefollowingconclusions.
1．Whenthesubjunctivemoodisfoundinaclausebeginningwiththeword“if”，“had＋pastparticiples”isusedinthe“if”clause，while“would/couldhave＋pastparticiples”isusedinthemainclausesoastoexpressthesituationcontrarytothepast.
2．Insentenceswiththesubjunctivemood，sometimesaprepositionalphrasebeginningwith“without(＝ifnot)”isusedtotaketheplaceofthe“if”clausetoexpressimpliedcondition.
?Step8　Playingagame
1．Getstudentstoformgroupsof6.
2．Letstudentsplaythegame“IfIwerea．..，Iwould...”．
Askthestudentstotaketurnstoimaginewhattheywoulddoiftheyweresomebodyordidanythingwiththeirpartners.Maketheirownsentencesasinterestingandimaginativeastheycan.Writedownthesixbestonesandsharethemwiththeclass.
?Step9　Closingdownbyaquiz
Showstudentsthefollowingonthescreenorgiveouttestpaperstothem.
1．Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater，itlooksasifit______(break)．
2．Iwisheveryone______(be)richsothattherewouldbenofightforfoodagain.
3．WithoutyoursuggestionthatI______(set)offearly，Iwouldnthavearrivedontime.
4．Iwouldratheryou______(return)thebookyesterday.
5．Theboyinsistedthathe______(notcheat)intheexamand______(notpunish)．
6．______(set)offalittleearlier，Iwouldhavecaughtthetrain.
7．Mypartnergotamountainbikeyesterday.HowIwishmyfather______oneformeonmycomingbirthdaynextweek.
A．buys　B．willbuy　C．couldbuy　D．hasbought
8．Theyoungmaninsistedthathe______wrongandthathe______sorrytoanyoneelseatthemeeting.
A．haddone；wouldsay　B．haddone；shouldsay
C．shoulddo；wouldsay　D．shoulddo；shouldsay
9．IdontthinkthatIshallfail.ButifI______，Iwouldtryagain.
A．fail　B．wouldfail　
C．shouldfail　D．hadfailed
10．—Canyoucometoattendourpartytonight?
—Sorry，butIdowishI______.
A．hadB．canC．willD．could
11．Thoughthegirlhadbeensufferingfromtheblooddisease，sheactedasifnothing______toherwhilefacingherfriendsandrelations.
A．happenedB．wouldhappen
C．washappenedD．hadhappened
12．—Doyoumindifwesetoutearliertomorrowmorning?
—Well，Idratheryou______.
A．dontB．didntC．wontD．wouldnt
Suggestedanswers：1.werebroken　2.were　3.(should)set　4.hadreturned5.hadntcheated；(should)notbepunished　6.HadIset/IfIhadset　7～12CBCDDB
?Step10　Homework
Reviewthestructureandusagesofthesubjunctivemood.
?Step11　Reflectionafterteaching
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Unit 1 Great scientists Period 3 Grammar学案

Period3Grammar
了解并掌握-ed做定语及表语
★预习案PreviewingCasew
Translatethesentenceswiththepastparticiplesfromthereadingpassageandrecitethem.
①DoctorJohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon...
②Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.
③JohnSnowtoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremove...
④Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople.
⑤Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood.
⑥Hegotinterestedintwotheories.
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作的_________和_______。它在句子中可以充当________、________、________等成份。本单元仅谈其作______和________的用法。

★探究案ExploringCase
探究点一：过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。
1、前置定语:
A类:被动意义:
an___________guest=a__________guest一位受尊敬的客人
The___________workersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.
受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。
B类:完成意义:
a_________teacher一位退休的教师
Theyarecleaningthe_________leavesintheyard.
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
总结：________的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之______,作前置定语。表示________和________的意义。
2、后置定语：
Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten(=thathaseverbeenwritten).
Whoweretheguestsinvited(=whohadbeeninvited)toyourpartylastnight?
总结：过去分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之______，作后置定语，作用相当于一个____________。
3、注意：①如被修饰的词是something,anything,everything,nothing,-one,-body以及those等,分词放在被修饰词的后面。
Heisoneofthosekidnapped.他是那些被绑架的人之一。
你还有什么没完成的事吗？
______________________________________________________________?
②单个分词也可以作后置定语,用以强调动作。?
Theydecidedtochangethematerialused.他们决定更换使用的材料。
③不及物动词的过去分词仅表示时间的完成,无被动意义。现在分词表示动作正在进行。
_______leaves落叶______leaves正在下落的树叶
a_________country发达国家a________country发展中国家
the_______water(凉）开水?the_______water沸水?

探究点二:过去分词作表语
Theteacherseemedquitedelightedattheidea.
Whenweheardofthestory,weweredeeplymoved.
过去分词作表语表示主语的_________和_________。
注意：①作表语的过去分词，________的意味很弱，主要表示动作的_______和某一_______，相当于一个形容词。
Theboatisbroken.Thestreetiscrowded.
②表示______的过去分词：disappointed,excited,surprised,pleased…
表示______的过去分词：lost,known,married,dressed,gone,drunk…
Latertheyfoundthattheywerelost.Thehappytimeisgone.
常见的作表语的过去分词：
amused(愉快的)；connected(连接的)；broken(碎了的)；closed(关闭的)；astonished(吃惊的)；covered(覆盖的)；crowded(拥挤的)；delighted(高兴的)；；dressed(穿着的)；drunk(喝醉的)；experienced(有经验的)；worried(担忧的)；interested(感兴趣的)；tired(疲劳的)；satisfied(满意的)；surprised(吃惊的)；married(已婚的)，等
③过去分词作表语：强调____________________
被动语态：强调____________________
Myglassesarebroken.(________)

Myglasseswerebrokenbymylittledaughter.(________)
Hewassurprisedatthenews.(________)

Iwasgreatlysurprisedbyaknockatthedoor.(________)

★练习PracticeChoosethebestanswers.
1.Mostoftheartists______tothepartywerefromSouthAmerica.(MET1990)
A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited
2.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget______bythehour.(NMET1998)
A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay
3.Thefirsttextbook______forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.
A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written
4.Dontusewords,expressions,orphrases______onlytopeoplewithspecialknowledge.
A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known
5.Hearingloudknocksatthedoor,Samgot______andopenedittofindwhoitwas.
A.dressedB.dressingC.dressD.beingdressed
6.Allpeoplepresentatthemeetingwere______atthesurprisingnews.
A.tosurpriseB.surprisedC.beingsurprisedDsurprise
7.Theynowhaveagovernment,______byallthepeople.
A.havingsupportedB.supportingC.supportedD.tobesupported
8.______in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.(2000)
A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding
PreviewingCase
Task1
Task2.过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当表语、定语、状语等成份。下面仅谈其作定语和表语的用法。
ExploringCase
探究点一1.
anhonored/respectedguest
Theinjuredworkersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.
2.aretiredteacher一位退休的教师
Theyarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.
Doyouhaveanythingunfinished?你还有什么没完成的事吗？
fallenleaves落叶fallingleaves正在下落的树叶
adevelopedcountry发达国家adevelopingcountry发展中国家
theboiledwater(凉）开水?theboilingwater沸水?
二、
情绪；状态
①被动；完成；状态
②情绪；状态
③主语所处的状态
主语所承受的动作
Practiceafterclass
Keys:1–8ACDDABCC

LivingwellPeriod3　Grammar

作为优秀的教学工作者，在教学时能够胸有成竹，教师要准备好教案，这是教师需要精心准备的。教案可以更好的帮助学生们打好基础，帮助教师提高自己的教学质量。所以你在写教案时要注意些什么呢？经过搜索和整理，小编为大家呈现“LivingwellPeriod3　Grammar”，但愿对您的学习工作带来帮助。

LivingwellPeriod3　Grammar

Teachingaims　

1．Studentswillbeabletorecognizetheinfinitivesandknowtheexactmeaningsofthem.

2．Studentswillbeabletousethesestructurescorrectly.Teachingprocedures　

?Step1　Revision

AskseveralstudentstoretellMartysstory.ShowMartysminibiographyonthePowerPoint.

Myminibiography

Name

MartyFielding

Status

Highschoolstudent

Health

Developedamusclediseaseattheageof10，veryweak，cannotdothingslikenormalpeople

InterestsandHobbies

·Enjoyingwritingandcomputerprogramming

·Goingtothemoviesandfootballmatcheswithfriends

·Spendingalotoftimewithmypets—tworabbits，aparrot，atankfulloffishandatortoise

Ambition

Toworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftware

Motto

Liveonedayatatime?Step2　Discoveringusefulstructures

1．基本概念

不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，而且不能单独用作谓语，但仍旧有动词的特点，即可有自己的宾语和状语，构成不定式短语，使用频率较高。是一个考试经常考查的语法点。

2．基本形式

主动形式

被动形式

一般式

todo

tobedone

完成式

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

进行式

tobedoing

/

完成进行式

tohavebeendoing

/

否定形式

nottodo

nottobedone

疑问词＋不定式

wh－todo

wh－tobedone

复合结构

sb.todo/forsb.todo

/3.句法功能

不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语，还可以有自己的逻辑主语，即forsb.todosth.。

Itisgoodto_help_others.(subject)

Itismyambitionto_make_sure_that_the_disabled_people_in_our_neighbourhood_have_

access_to_all_public_buildings.(subject)

Myambitionis_to_work_inthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.(predicative)

Idonthavetimeto_sit_aroundfeelingsorryformyself.(attributive)

Iamtheonlystudentinmyclassto_have_a_pet_snake.(attributive)

Abigcompanyhasdecidedto_buy_it_from_me.(object)

Myfellowstudentshavebegunto_accept_me_for_who_I_am.(object)

Ihavehadtoworkhard_to_live_a_normal_life.(adverbial)

SomedaysIamtootiredto_get_out_of_bed.(adverbial)

Wemustcallonlocalgovernment_to_give_financial_assistance_to_disabled_people.(objectcomplement)

4．不定式的时态与语态

根据需要，不定式可以有一般式(todo)，完成式(tohavedone)，完成进行式(tohavebeendoing)，进行式(tobedoing)等时态形式以及被动形式tobedone和tohavebeendone。

Hedidntallowustogohomeearly.

他不允许我们早回家。

Heseemedtohaveseenthefilm.

他好像看过这部电影。

Sheissaidtohavebeenlivinginthecityforsixyears.

据说她住在该城市六年了。

Theboypretendedtobereadingwhenhismothercamein.

当他母亲进来的时候，小男孩假装在读书。

Heissaidtohavestudiedabroadafewyearsago.

据说他几年前在国外学习过。

Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.

据说此书已被译成了多种语言。

[注意]

1．Thefollowingverbsareusuallyfollowedbytheinfinitive.

afford，agree，appear，arrange，ask，attempt，care，choose，claim，come，consent，dare，decide，demand，deserve，determine，elect，endeavor，expect，fail，get，guarantee，hate，help，hesitate，hope，hurry，intend，learn，long，manage，mean，need，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，say，seem，tend，threaten，want，wish

Forexample：

Icantaffordto_gotothepub.

Heagreedto_practice_more.

Youshouldlearnto_express_yourself.

Theymanaged_to_fix_the_problem.

2．Explanationofthegerundandtheinfinitive

Somewordscanbefollowedbyeithertheinfinitiveorthe－ingform.Pleasepayattentionwhenthereisnodifferenceinmeaningandwhenthereisdifference.

(1)Thegerundandtheinfinitive(nodifferenceinmeaning)

Weusethegerundortheinfinitiveafterthefollowingverbs：

begin

Hebegantalking.

Hebegantotalk.

continue

Theycontinuesmoking.

Theycontinuetosmoke.

hate

DoyouhateworkingonSaturdays？

DoyouhatetoworkonSaturdays？

like

Ilikeswimming.

Iliketoswim.

love

Shelovespainting.

Shelovestopaint.

prefer

Patpreferswalkinghome.

Patpreferstowalkhome.

start

Theystartsinging.

Theystarttosing.

Weusethegerundortheinfinitiveafterthefollowingverbs.Therearetwopossiblestructuresaftertheseverbs.Gerund：verb＋－ing

Infinitive：verb＋person＋to－infinitive

advise

Theyadvisewalking_totown.

Theyadviseus_to_walktotown.

allow

Theydonotallowsmokinghere.

Theydonotallow_us_to_smoke_here.

encourage

Theyencourage_doing_thetest.

Theyencourageus_to_do_thetest.

permit

Theydonotpermitsmokinghere.

Theydonotpermitus_to_smokehere.Weusethefollowingstructuresafterthewordrecommend：

recommend

Theyrecommendwalking_totown.

Theyrecommendthat_we_(should)_walk_to_town.(2)Someverbsorverbphraseshavedifferentmeaningswhenusedwiththegerundortheinfinitive.

GERUND

INFINITIVE

forget

Hellneverforgetspending_somuchmoneyonhisfirstcomputer.他永远不会忘记在第一台电脑上花费了这么多钱。

Dontforgetto_spendmoneyonthetickets.

不要忘记用钱去买票。

goon

Goonreadingthetext.

继续读这篇文章。(继续做同一件事)

Goonto_read_thetext.

继续读这篇文章。(继续做另一件事)

mean

Youhaveforgottenyourhomeworkagain.Thatmeansphoning_yourmother.

你又忘记做家庭作业了，这意味着我要打电话给你妈妈。

Imeantto_phoneyourmother，butmymobiledidntwork.

我本打算打电话给你妈妈，但是我的手机坏了。

remember

Irememberswitching_offthelightswhenIwentonholiday.

我记得我去度假时把灯都关掉了。

Rememberto_switch_offthelightswhenyougoonholiday.

当你去度假时，记得把灯关掉。

stop

Stopreading_thetext.

停止读这篇文章。

Stopto_read_thetext.

停下来读这篇文章。

try

Whydontyoutryrunning_afterthedog？

你为什么不尝试跟着狗跑呢？

Itriedto_runafterthedog，butI．..

我竭尽全力跟着狗跑，但是……?Step3　Drilling

AskstudentstodoExercise2onPage5andcheckwiththeirpartnersthenchecktogether.

Keys：tohavekeptyouwaiting；tohaveforgotten；tohavefinished；

AskstudentstodoExercise3andsharetheirpastexperienceinagroup.

Keys：tohavespent；Tofree；tosee；totreat；tohelppass；toabolish

?Step4　Usingtheinfinitive

AskstudentstotranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishandpayattentiontotheuseoftheinfinitive.

1．我忘了让你去社区服务中心了。

2．在检查机器之前关掉电源是很重要的。

3．我不知道哪儿能找到这种纽扣。

4．幸运的是，我们没有更多的活儿要做。

5．海伦很高兴到过中国20多个省、市。

6．她事业有成，现在最大的愿望就是结婚生子。

Suggestedanswers：

1．Iforgottoaskyoutogotothecommunityservicecenter.

2．Itsveryimportanttoturnofftheelectricitybeforeyoucheckthemachine.

3．Idontknowwheretofindsuchakindofbutton.

4．Luckily，wedonthavemuchmoreworktodo.

5．Helenisverypleasedtohavetravelledinmorethan20provincesandcitiesinChina.

6．Shehasbeenverysuccessfulinherwork，andnowhergreatestwishistogetmarriedandhavesomechildren.

?Step5　Homework

FinishoffExercises2and3onP49.

RobotsPeriod3　Grammar

一位优秀的教师不打无准备之仗，会提前做好准备，作为高中教师就要精心准备好合适的教案。教案可以让学生更好地进入课堂环境中来，帮助高中教师提高自己的教学质量。那么，你知道高中教案要怎么写呢？下面是小编精心收集整理，为您带来的《RobotsPeriod3　Grammar》，希望能对您有所帮助，请收藏。

Period3　Grammar

Teachingaims　

1．Revisethepassivevoice(includingtheinfinitive)andknowtheexactmeaningofthestructure.

2．Beabletousetheusefulwords，expressionsandstructurescorrectly.

Teachingprocedures　

?Step1　Revision

Askstudentstoanswerthefollowingquestionswithoutreferringtothetextbook.

1．WhatwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarryswife，Claire?

2．HowdidLarryBelmontfinallypersuadehiswifetoaccepttheexperiment?

3．HowdidClairefeelwhenshewasofferedsympathybyarobot?

4．WhatdidTonyexpecttodoaboutthehousebeforehewastoleaveandLarrywastoreturn?

5．HowdidClairefeelwhenshewasenviedbythosewomen?

6．WhathappenedtoTonyatlast?

Suggestedanswers：

1．TherobotwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarryswife，Claire.

2．Larrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldntharmherorallowhertobeharmed.

3．Shethoughtitwasridiculoustobeofferedsympathybyarobot.

4．Tonyexpectedthehousetobecompletelytransformed.

5．Shefeltitasweetvictorytobeenviedbythosewomen.

6．Tonyhadtoberebuilt.

?Step2　Grammarlearning

1．不定式的被动形式

当不定式与逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，即不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动形式。其被动式可以分为两种：一般式和完成式。

(1)一般式：tobedone，表示不定式动作在谓语动词之后或者同时发生。

Itisagreathonor_to_be_invited_tospeakhere.

很荣幸被邀请在这里讲话。

Thenovelissaid_to_be_published_nextmonth.

据说这本小说下月要出版。

(2)完成式：tohavebeendone，表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前。

Thebookissaidto_have_been_translated_intosixlanguages.

这本书据说已经被翻译成六种语言。

Thebosspreferred_to_have_been_given_moreworktodo.

老板宁愿被分给更多的工作做。

被动

一般式

tobedone

完成式

tohavebeendone2.不定式被动形式的作用

(1)作主语

Itsanhonorto_be_invitedtotheceremony.

很荣幸被邀请赴宴。

Itsapityto_be_keptinthehouseinsuchfineweather.

在这样好的天气被关在家里真是遗憾。

(2)作表语

Theletteris_to_be_sent_byairmail.

这封信笺要空邮。

(3)作宾语

Shedidntliketo_be_treatedasachild.

她不喜欢被当成孩子。

Theboyaskedto_be_givenanopportunitytotryagain.

那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。

(4)作宾语补足语

Idlikemybedroomto_be_cleaned.

我想整理一下我的卧室。

(5)作定语

Hewasthelastone_to_be_askedtospeakatthemeeting.

他是最后一个在会上被邀请发言的人。

(6)作状语

Hismotherleftthesmallvillage，never_to_be_seenagain.

他母亲离开了那个小山村，再也没有人见过她。

3．不定式有些要注意的地方

(1)感官动词和一些使役动词的不定式的主动形式要省去to，但在变成被动语态后需要加上to，能这样用的动词或动词词组有：make，have，let，see，hear，notice，listento，watch等。如：

Weoftenseehimactlikethat.＝Heisoftenseentoactlikethat.

我们常常看到他那样做。

(2)在canthelpbut，havenothingtodobut结构中，介词but后的不定式省去to。如：

Icant_help_butsuspecthismotive.

我不禁怀疑起他的动机。

Ihave_nothing_to_do_but_watchTV.

我没什么事情可做，除了看电视。

(3)不定式有时要用主动形式表示被动意义

①形容词以及含有形容词的名词后的不定式，一般用主动形式表示被动意义，其中形容词常见的有easy，difficult，important，impossible等。如：

Theworkisimpossible_to_finishintwodays.

工作不可能两天之内完成。

Englishisnotsoeasy_to_learn.

英语并不好学。

②一些固定用法，如“挨骂，受责备，受批评”用betoblame；“(东西等)出租”用tolet。

Heistoblameforwhathehasdone.

他应为他所做的受责备。

Thehouseistolet.房子要出租。

?Step3　Exercises

1．ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang，whowasreported______theworldrecordinthe110－meterhurdlerace.

A．breaking　B．havingbroken　

C．tohavebroken　D．tobreak

2．Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood______.

A．tobebreathedB．tobreathe

C．breathing　D．beingbreathed

3．______theprojectasplanned，wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.

A．Completing　B．Complete

C．Completed　D．Tocomplete

4．Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple，butitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit.

A．tosee　B．tobeseen

C．seeing　D．seen

5．Ihurriedtothemeetinghall，only______thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.

A．totell　B．tobetold

C．telling　D．told

6．Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth；sheappears______everything.

A．totell　B．tobetold

C．tobetelling　D．tohavebeentold

7．LittleTomshouldlove______tothetheaterthisevening.

A．tobetaken　B．totake

C．beingtaken　D．taking

8．Itissaidthatplasticscanbeusedto______manythings.Nowpeopleareusedto______plasticsproducts.

A．make；usingB．making；using

C．making；useD．make；use

9．Withalotofproblems______，thenewly－electedpresidentishavingahardtime.

A．settled　B．settlingC．tosettle　D．beingsettled

Keys：1～5CBDBB　6～9DAAC?Step4　Drilling

AskstudentstodoExercise1onPage14andthenchecktheanswerstogether.

Keys：

Exercise1

betestedout，beharmed，beoffered，wasamazed，wasnotallowed，bediscovered，becompletelytransformed，wereimpressed，beenvied，berebuilt

AskstudentstodoExercise2andthenchecktheanswerstogether.

Keys：

Exercise2

1．tobedesigned　2.toberebuilt　3.tobeaccompanied　4.tobeknownas　5.tobefilledwith　6.tobetestedout　7.tobeenvied　8.tobesetaside

?Step5　Usingthepassiveinfinitive

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishusingthepassiveinfinitive.

1．那本关于《圣经》的书需要在这个周末之前还给图书馆。

2．下周末前，这个旧扶手椅将由一个沙发代替。

3．不要着急，你有足够的时间把那个传真发到你的公司。

4．你同妻子离婚的决定必须要得到她的同意。

5．刚刚出了一起事故，不过没有必要惊慌，没有人受伤。

6．虽然她考得不错，但是她预料父母还是会对考试的结果感到失望。

7．当在医院进行大手术的时候，她得到了家人的关爱和支持，为此她感到非常高兴。

8．他为自己被宣布成为智力竞赛冠军得主的事感到十分兴奋。

9．他把他们已经得到的2000元与将提供的1500元加在一起，总共3500元。

10．没有主力队员的参与，他们一定会在即将到来的比赛中被打败。

Suggestedanswers：

1．ThatbookontheHolyBibleneedstobereturnedtothelibraryby/beforetheendoftheweek.

2．Thatoldarmchairistobereplacedbyasofanextweek.

3．Dontworry—youstillhaveplentyoftimeforthatfaxtobesenttoyourcompany.

4．Yourdecisiontodivorceyourwifehastobemadewithheragreement.

5．Therehasbeenanaccidentbutthereisnoneedtobealarmed.Nobodyhasbeenhurt.

6．Althoughshehaddonewell，sheexpectedherparentstobedisappointedbyherexamresults.

7．Shewashappytobesupportedbytheaffectionofherfamilywhenshehadaseriousoperationinhospital.

8．Hewassoexcitedtobedeclaredthewinnerofthetalentcompetition.

9．Headdedthe2000yuantheyhadreceivedtothe1500yuantobeoffered，making3500yuaninall.

10．Withouttheirkey/leadingplayer，theyreboundtobebeateninthecomingcompetition.

?Step6　Homework

FinishoffExercises1and2onPage56.