高中教案教案

Unit8ProtectingtheEnvironment-grammar教案。

一名优秀的教师在教学方面无论做什么事都有计划和准备，作为高中教师就要好好准备好一份教案课件。教案可以让讲的知识能够轻松被学生吸收，帮助高中教师能够井然有序的进行教学。那么，你知道高中教案要怎么写呢？急您所急，小编为朋友们了收集和编辑了“Unit8ProtectingtheEnvironment-grammar教案”，相信您能找到对自己有用的内容。

Unit8ProtectingtheEnvironment-grammar教案

GRAMMARMAKESSENSE

AfoundationGrammar

Beforestudentsopentheirbooks,modelthesentencewiththedifferentstresspatternsandaskstudentswhatisthedifferentmeaningthatresults.

Ifyoulike,youcanhavethestudentslookatthissentenceinthetext:Drickwaschangingloudlyashewalkeduptohislocker.Youcanreadthesentencealoudstressingdifferentpartsofthesentence:

Dirk,waschantingloudly,walked,locker

NowasktheSswhattheycandotoshowemphasisinwritten—English.

Usetheinformationinthetextbooktoteachinversionandtheemphaticpattern.

Answerkey

therearesomeexamples.otheranswersmaybepossible

1.itwasateacherinAmericawhocameupwiththetheoryofmultipleintelligences

itwasthetheoryofmultipleintelligencesthattheteacherinAmericancameupwith

whattheteacherinAmericandidwastocomeupwiththetheoryofmultipleintelligences.

2itwasHuangYuewhostaredatasinglepointonherwall.

ItwasasinglepointonherwallthatHuangYuestaredat

WhatHuangyuedidwastostareatasinglepointonherwall

3itwasshewhogavealittlesmiletotheaudience.

Itwasalittlesmilethatshegavetotheaudience

Itwastotheaudiencethatshegavealittlesmile.

Whatshedidwastogivealittlesmiletotheaudience.

4itisapartythatPatishavingatherhousethisFriday

itisatherhousethatPatishavingapartythisFriday

itisthisFridaythatPatishavingapartyatherhouse.

ItisPatthatishavingapartyatherhousethisFriday

5itisLimingwhohasinvitedDazhitogotohishomefordinnerthisSunday

itisDazhiwhomLiminghasinvitedtogotohishomefordinnerthisSunday

itistohishomethatLiminghasinvitedDazhitogofordinnerthisSunday

itisfordinnerthatLiminghasinvitedDazhitohishomethisSunday.

ItisthisSundaythatLiminghasinvitedDazhitogotohishomefordinner.

WhatLimingdidwastoinviteDazhitohishomefordinnerthisSunday.

6itwasHaileywhowatchedaJackieChanmovieonTV.

ItwasaJackieChanmoviethatHaileywatchedonTV.

ITwasonTVthatHaileywatchedaJackieChanmovie.

WhatHaileydidwaswatchaJackieChanmovieonTV.

Bfocusgrammar

Reviewthesubject—verbagreementrulesinpreviousunits.Thisunitconcernsexceptionstotherules.Askstudentstoaddtheseexceptionstotheirreferenceguide.

相关知识

Unit8ProtectingtheEnvironment-reading教案

Unit8ProtectingtheEnvironment-reading教案

READINGFORTHEENVIROMENT

TherearethreereadingsinthissectionthatareexpectedtoexpandonthethemeoftheunitThefirstoneisabouttheimportanceofkeepingthebalanceofnature.Thesecondisaboutapioneer---ahistoricalfigureinenvironmentalprotection,RachelCarson.ThethirdoneisanencouragingexampleofenvironmentalprotectioninChina---thebeautifulJiuzhaigouValley,Sichuan.

OURNATURALENVIROMENT

Dividetheclassintogroups.Identifyaleaderforeachgroup.MakesurethateachgroupcontainsastrongEnglishspeakerandreader.Informthestudentsthattheywillbeworkingtogetherasagrouptocreateasummaryofeachparagraph.Readthroughournaturalenvironmentonpage99.demonstratethefirstpara.Withtheclass.

Haveeachgroupreadthepara,discusstheparawitheachother,createasummarysentenceofthepara,andaskeachgrouptosharetheirsummarysentence.

Explainthatthisisaco—operativeactivity.Thestudentscandiscussthesummaryintheirfirstlanguage.Themainpurposeistofacilitatetheunderstandingofthetext,thediscussionofthemeaningandthenegotiationofthebestsummarysentence,thusthediscussioncanbedoneinChineseandsummarysentencecanlaterbetranslatedintoEnglish.

UsetheFocusQuestionandPost—readingactivitiesforfurtherdiscussionofthereading.

RACHELCARSON

Assignthereadingashomework.EachstudentistowritehisorherownanswerstothePost—readingActivities.studentsmustprovideanexampleorcommentsabouttheiranswers.

ENVIROMENTALPROTECTIONINTHEJIUZHAIGOUVALLEY,SICHUAN

ThestoryprovidesanexampleofenvironmentalprotectioninasignificanttouristspotinChina.Thepost—readingActivitiesaskstudentstodotwothings:1.tounderstandanddiscusstheinformationinthetext,and2.tothinkaboutwhattheycandointheirownlivestoprotecttheenvironmentfrombeingdestroyed.

Thesecondactivitycanbeusedasawayofconnectingstudentswiththetext.Itis,afterall,importantforthemtorelatewhattheyhavereadtotheirowndailylives.

WRAPITUP

Thiswordsearchisdesignedtohelpstudentsreviewsomeofthewordstheyhavelearnedregardingenvironmentalprotection,andtoreinforcetheideaofecologicalbalance.

Unit8advertising-Grammar学案

Unit8advertising-Grammar学案
过去分词作表语和宾语补足语
1）过去分词作表语
Theteacherseemedquitedelightedattheidea.
Whenweheardofthestory,weweredeeplymoved.
Hishairisnearlyallgone.
过去分词作表语表示主语的_________和_________。
注意：
①作表语的过去分词，________的意味很弱，主要表示动作的_______和某一_______，相当于一个形容词。
Theboatisbroken.
Thestreetiscrowded.
②表示______的过去分词：disappointed,excited,surprised,pleased…
表示______的过去分词：lost,known,married,dressed,gone,drunk…
Latertheyfoundthattheywerelost.
Thehappytimeisgone.
③过去分词作表语：强调____________________
被动语态：强调____________________
Myglassesarebroken.(________)

Myglasseswerebrokenbymylittledaughter.(________)
Hewassurprisedatthenews.(________)

Iwasgreatlysurprisedbyaknockatthedoor.(________)
Practice:
1.这本书很有趣。
2.他对这本书很感兴趣。
3.这个窗户破了。
4.这个窗户是被那个顽皮的男孩儿打破的。
5.站在那儿的男孩儿是我弟弟。
6.他是位高级教师。
7.穿白色衣服的学生是我女儿。

答案：
情绪；状态
①被动；完成；状态
②情绪；状态
③主语所处的状态
主语所承受的动作
Practice:
1.Thebookisveryinteresting.
2.Heisveryinterestedinthebook.
3.Thiswindowisbroken.
4.Thiswindowwasbrokenbuthenaughtyboy.
5.Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.
6.Heisanadvancedteacher.
7.Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.
2）过去分词作宾语补足语
有三点需要特别注意：1.分析句中宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系，如果是动宾关系，即被动关系，才能用过去分词做宾语补足语。2.一般情况只有及物动词的过去分词才能用做宾语补足语。3.并不是所有的动词都可以带宾语加过去分词做宾语补足语的结构，高中范围内，常用的有如下动词：
１、hear,see,feel,watch,find等表示感觉和心理状态的动词。
Theyhadneverhearditopenlydiscussedbefore.
他们从来没听人公开谈过这件事。
Hesawthemanknockeddownbyamotorcycle.
他看到这个人被一辆摩托车撞到了。
Hefeltagreatweighttakenoffhismind.
他感到去掉了一件大心事。
Helpless,wewatchedawholeseasonslabourandhalfayearsfooddestroyed.
我们眼睁睁地看着整整一季度的劳动和半年的粮食给毁掉了。
Theoldwomanfoundtwoofthewindowsbroken.
老妇人发现有两扇窗户给打破了。
２、make,get,have等表示“致使”意义的动词。
WhenyouspeakEnglish,besuretomakeyourselfunderstood.
说英语时一定要让人听懂你的意思。
Thenextproblemistogetthelandploughed.
下一个问题就是翻地。
注意“have+宾语+done”这一结构，有两种含义，一种为“让别人做某事”，一种为“（主语）遭遇到某事”。
Lastyear,wehadthehouserebuilt.
去年我们请人把房子翻修了一下。
Shehadherwatchstolen.
她的表给人偷了。
３、keep,leave等表示“使继续处于某种状态”的动词。
Hecouldntkeephiseyesshuttoallthis.
他不能对这一切视而不见。
ImsorryIveleftsomeofyourquestionsunanswered.
很抱歉，你有些问题我没有回答。
注意：keep注重状态的持续，leave更强调“留下”的含义。
４、like,want,wish,order等表示“希望或要求”意义的动词。
这类动词后面的宾语补足语，本来用不定式的被动形式，由于“tobe”往往省略，就成了过去分词形式了。
Hewontlikesuchquestions(tobe)discussedatthemeeting.
他不希望这样的问题在会上讨论。
Thereaderswishedthediscussion(tobe)continued.
读者希望讨论继续下去。
Wedontwantanythingsaidaboutthis.
我们希望这事不要谈起了。
Heorderedthereport(tobe)reprinted.
他命令报告重印。
另外，在with复合结构中，也可以用过去分词用做宾语补足语。
Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.
整个下午，他关着门在屋里干活。
练习：选择最佳答案。
１、Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_____thenextyear.
Ａ、carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout
2.---Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?
---Idliketohavethispackage_____,madam.
A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.weighD.weighed
3．Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_____behindhisback.
A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied
4.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldntmakehimself___.
Ａ、hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard
答案1.C2.D3.D4.D

Unit1Talesoftheunexplained—grammar教案

Unit1Talesoftheunexplained—grammar教案

Presentperfecttense

Teachingaim:

Togiveabriefintroductiontothepresentperfecttense

Teachingprocedures:

1GooverthenewsstoryonPage2andfindthesentencesusingthepresentperfecttense.

Pleaseexplainwhythetenseisusedinthesesentences.

2Theformofthepresentperfecttense

3Talkabouttheusesofthepresentperfecttense

AWeusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutthingsthathappenedintherecentpast,butareconnectedtothepresent.

ThedisappearanceofJustinhasmadeKellyveryunhappy.

BWealsousethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutsomethingthatstartedinthepast,andisstillhappeningnow.

IhavenotseenJustinsincelastFridaynight.

CWeusethepresentperfecttensewhentheexacttimeofanactionisnotclearorimportant.Weuseitwithtimeexpressionssuchas:

alreadyeverforjustlatelyneverrecentlysinceyet

Weusealreadyforaffirmativestatementsandyetfornegativestatements.

Weusefor+aperiodoftimeandsince+apointintime.

DWeusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutactionsthatwerecompletedonlyashorttimeago.Inthiscase,justisused.Payattentiontothepositionofjust.

Hehasjustgoneout.(=Hewentoutafewminutesago.)

Weusethepresentperfecttenseheretotellothersthatheisn’therenow.

Ihavejustheardthenews.(NowIknowthenews.)

EWecanalsousethepresentperfecttenseforrepeatedactions,thatis,weusethepresentperfecttensewiththetimeexpressionsonce/twice/threetimes…

FActionsoccurringinanincompleteperiodmightbeindicatedbytodayorthismorning/afternoon/evening/week/month/year/centuryorallday/night/week,allthetime,alwaysetc.

Tomhasrungupthreetimesthismorning.(Nowitisstillinthemorning.)

Tomrangupthreetimesthismorning.(Nowitisnotstillinthemorning.)Completethefollowingsentenceswiththepropertense.

AWehavestudied(study)Englishforaboutfiveyears.

BTheyhavelived(live)inthesouthsincetheirdaughterwasborn.

CIhaveread(read)yourarticlethreetimes.It’swellwritten.

DThestudenthasfinished(finish)herhomeworkalready.

EErichasgone(go)backtohishometowntoday.

FThepolicehavejustfinished(finish)searchingthearea.

4Comparethesimplepasttenseandthepresentperfecttense

Lookatthefollowingsentencesandpointoutwhattenseortensesareusedinthemandthereasonswhytheyareused.

AWehavestudiedEnglishforaboutfiveyears.Webegantostudyitfiveyearsago.

BTheymovedtothesouthin1990andhavelivedtheresincethen.

CEriclefthomelastyearandhasjustcomeback.

EJustinhasbeenawayfromhomeforseveraldays.HedisappearedlastFriday.

FTheyboughtthishousethreeyearsagoandtheyhavelivedheresincethen.

Gmybrotherwenttoseemygrandpalastweek.Hehasvisitedhimthreetimesthismonth.Completethefollowingsentences:

a‘Haveyouseenmypen?’‘Yes,Isawitonyourdeskjustnow.’

b‘Haveyouhaddinner?’‘Yes,IhaditwithMary.’

CHasthepostmancomeyet/thismorning?

DDidthepostmancomethismorning?

EIhaveknownhimforalongtime.

FHello!Ididn’tknowyouwerehereinNanjing.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?Notes:

1)Thepresentperfecttenseisnormallyusedforanactionwhichlaststhroughoutanincompleteperiod,butwiththepastsimpletense,weusetimeexpressionswhichafixedpointinthepast.

c.f.

Wehaven’tseenJustinforaweek.(Heisstillmissing.)

Justindisappearedlastweek.(ItmaymeanthatthisweekJustinishere.)

Hehassmokedsinceheleftschool.(Hestillsmokes.)

Hesmokedforsixmonths.(Itmeansthathestoppedsmokingthen.2)Sometimes,however,theactionfinishesatthetimeofspeaking.

Ithasbeenverycoldlatelybutit’sjustbeginningtogetwarmer.3)Onmeetingsomeone,youmaysay:Ihaven’tseenyouforages.(ButIseeyounow.)4)Forapastactionwhosetimeisnotdefiniteandoftenhasaresultinthepresent.

Tomhashadabadcarcrash.(He’sprobablystillinhospitalnow.)

Tomhadabadcarcrash.(Buthe’sprobablyoutofhospitalnow.)

Thelifthasbrokendown.(Wehavetousethestairs.)

Theliftbrokedown.(Butit’sprobablyworkingagainnow.)5Readthediaryentryandthencompleteitusingthecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.

Answers:

(2)saw(3)hasvisited(4)loves(5)hasn’tvisited(6)hasswum(7)hasnevermet(8)hasdived(9)hasfound(10)hasn’tfound(11)Has,been

6Assignment

PeriodTwoPresentperfectcontinuoustense

Teachingaim:
Togiveabriefintroductiontothepresentperfectcontinuoustense

Teachingprocedures:
1GooverthenewsstoryonPage2andfindthesentencesusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.

Pleaseexplainwhythetenseisusedinthesesentences.

2Theformofthepresentperfectcontinuoustense

3Talkabouttheusesofthepresentperfectcontinuoustense

WesometimesusethePresentperfectcontinuoustense

totalkaboutactionsthatstartedinthepastandarestillcontinuing,orhavejustfinishedbutarestillconnectedtothepresentinsomeway.

AI’vebeenwaitingforanhourandhestillhasn’tturnedup.

BI’msosorryI’mlate.Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?GooverPoints1and2onpage9.

4Exercisesonpage9

Answers:(2)havebeentalking(3)havebeentaking(4)havebeenwatching

(5)haveseen(6)havebeenwriting5Comparethepresentperfectandthepresentperfectcontinuoustense

LiJiahasreadabookaboutStonehenge.

LiJiahasbeenreadingabookaboutStonehenge.

Inthefirstsentence,itmeanstheactionreadisn’tstillcontinuing,andLiJiaknowswhatthebookisaboutnow,butinthesecondsentence,itmeanstheactionreadisstillcontinuing.

c.f.I’vecleanedthehouse.

I’vebeencleaningthehouse.

ReadPoint1onpage10.

Notes:

1)IhavevisitedEgypttwicethismonth.

IhavebeentouringEgyptfortwomonths.

Thepresentperfectcontinuoustensecan’tbeusedwithtimeexpressionssuchastwiceorhowmanytimes,becauseinthistensetheactioniscontinuous,notstoppedandstartedagain.

Wecanusethepresentperfecttenseforrepeatedactions,andthepresentperfectcontinuoustensefornon-stopactions.2)Howmanytimeshaveyouswuminthelake?

Howlonghaveyoubeenswimminginthelake?

Weusuallyusethepresentperfecttensetoaskquestionsbeginningwithhowmany/much,andthepresentperfectcontinuoustensetoaskquestionsbeginningwithhowlong.

3)I’venevervisitedParis.

I’vealreadybeentoParis.

always,never,yet,alreadyandevercan’tbeusedinacontinuoustense.

4)IhavenotbeensleepingwellsinceIreturnedhome.

I’vebeenwaitingforanhour.

Wecanuseforandsincewiththethepresentperfectcontinuoustense.

5)BothpresentperfecttenseandpresentperfectcontinuoustenseAnactionwhichbeganinthepastandisstillcontinuingorhasonlyjustfinishedcan,withcertainverbs,beexpressedbyeitherthepresentperfectorpresentperfectcontinuous.Verbswhichcanbeusedinthiswayincludeexpect,hope,learn,lie,live,sleep,sit,study,wait,want,rain,etc.

HowlonghaveyoulearntEnglish?Or

HowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish?

Ithassnowedforalongtime.

Ithasbeensnowingforalongtime.6Astateverboranactionverb

Ihavehadthiscameraforfiveyears.(stateverb)

IhavetakenphotosofUFOswiththiscamera.(actionverb)

IhavebeentakingphotosofUFOswiththiscamera.(actionverb)

Anactionmeanssomethinghappeningorchanging.Astatemeanssomethingstayingthesame.Someexamplesofactionverbsaredo,go,andplay.Someexamplesofstateverbsarelike,knowandexist.

Astateverbdoesn’tmeananaction,soitcan’tbeusedinacontinuoustense.

They’vealwayshadabiggarden.

Howlonghaveyouknowneachother?

He’sbeeninhospitalsincehisaccident.7Exercisesonpage11:

Answersonpage11

A(1)heard(2)beendoing(3)beenresearching(4)beendoing(5)started(6)done(7)

read(8)found(9)started(10)beendoing(11)beenmakingSampleanswers

B1Hehasbeenwaitingatanundergroundstation.

2TheyhavebeentravelinginanUFO.Itlookslikeasaucer.

3Theyprobablyhavetalkedtoanimalsorplantsontheearthaswellascreaturesonotherplants.

4TheyhavevisitedMars,Venus,Jupiterandsomeotherplanets.

8Assignment

Unit3TheComputerandtheInformationAge-grammar教案-

一名优秀的教师就要对每一课堂负责，作为高中教师就要早早地准备好适合的教案课件。教案可以让学生能够听懂教师所讲的内容，使高中教师有一个简单易懂的教学思路。那么怎么才能写出优秀的高中教案呢？为了让您在使用时更加简单方便，下面是小编整理的“Unit3TheComputerandtheInformationAge-grammar教案-”，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。

Unit3TheComputerandtheInformationAge-grammar教案

动词时态

一、经过前几个单元的学习，到这个单元为止，时态已经学完。按照要求，学生需要掌握下列几个重要时态。

1、一般现在时。

1》概念其基本意义在于表示发生在包括讲话时间在内的动作或状态。

2》理解：本时态主要关注动作的经常性，强调动作表现的事实，或者是真理，而且和现在有关。

〈1〉表示客观真理，科学事实，格言，及其它各种不受时间限制的客观存在状况。

如：Lighttravelsfasterthansound

Actionspeakslouderthanwords

2表示经常性或习惯性的动作。

如；Ourartteacherpractisespaintingtwiceaday.

Tomoftenregularlydropinontheprofessor.

3表示现在的特征或状态。

如：Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.

Tomseldomrisesatsix.

4有when/while/until/before/assoonas/if/evenif等引导的时间，条件，或让步壮语从句中，常用一般现在时。

如：whenwegetthere,wellcallyou.

Noonecangothroughwiththetaskontimeifitrains.

IllnotattendherbirthdaypartyevenifIaminvited.

5在新闻标题，小说，戏剧，电影，图片等说明中，也经常用一般现在时。

如：TheDelegationofChinagetsawarmwelcomeinRussia.

Thestoryisaboutafamily---.Thehusbandcomeshomefromhisofficeandtellsthewifethathehasinvitedafriendtodinner.

3》标志：often/always/usually/seldom./never..对上述壮语提问时，常用howoften...?肯定句中，动词用第三人称单数形式。

如:

---Howoftendoeshevisittheoldman?

—---Never.

2.一般过去时

1》概念本时态主要是表示过去的时间内发生的动词作或者是状态。

2》理解强调过去动作的一次性和习惯性。

1表示过去特定时间的一次完成的动作。

如：Theoldprofessorsteppedintotheclassroom,openedthebook,andbegantoread.

WewenttoBeijingandvisitedHeavenTemple.

2用它表示习惯性动作，往往用一定的时间状语或表示频度的状语。

如：wewenttoschooltogetherwhenwewereboysandsowesaweachothereveryday.

Thereusedtoatempleinthevillage.

在日常会话中，我们也用一般过去时表示现在的时间。这种用法在讲话的口气上表现出婉转，客气的意味。

如：---Didyouwantme?

----Yes,Ihopedyoucouldgivemeahandwiththepainting.

3》警示：除了表示明显的过去时间状语外，还有usedto/would等暗示性词语。

如：whenIwasinLondon,often,Iwouldhaveacupofcoffeeafterwork.

注意：上句中的would不能用usedto代替。这两个词虽然都表示"过去常常",但would常和时间连用，如often,everyday等，而usedto不可以。

3。一般将来时

1》概念表示将来要发生的动作。

2》理解对未来事情的预见性，或者说明意图，打算。

1用will或shall+动词的形式表示对未来事情的预见性，又称为预见性将来时。

如：Tomorrowwillbefine.

Youwillfeelbetteraftertakingthemedicine.

2用begoingtodo表示将来。

用这种形式表示将来主要是说明现在的意图，打算，即表明眼前最近要去做的事情。又称之为近期将来。如：Imgoingtoposttwolettersafterclass./Sheisgoingtohaveauniversitydegree.

如果这种结构用物做主语，也是一种预见，可以用will代替。

如：Itisgoingtorain

Watchout!Thepillofboxesisgoingtofall.

3用be+going表示将来

一般说来，用现在进行时表示将来所用的时间大都是动作动词，不适用于状态动词。用这种结构表示按计划要去做的事或发生的事情。

如：wereinvitingseveralpeopletoaparty.

TheforeignministryiscomingtotheUNthisweek.

Theplaneistakingoffat5:30

一般来说，bedoing/begoingtodo两种结构均可以表示将来，但有些区别。

比较：IamtakingMaryoutfordinnertonight.

IamgoingtotakeMaryoutfordinnertonight.

第一句表示计划已定不能改变，第二句表示打算未定只是一种想法而已。

4用be+todo表示将来时间

这种结构也可以表示按计划，随安排将要去做的事情或将要发生的动作。

如；Theworkersaretoproduce5000carsnextyear.

ThePrimeMinisteristospeakontelevisiontonight.

ThelineistobeopentotrafficonOctober1.

这种结构表示的将要发生的动作一般来说受人们意志控制或支配的。可以互换，但语意上有区别。如：

Wearegoingtoplaybasketballthisafternoon.表示目前的意图

Wearetoplaybasketballthisafternoon.表示计划，安排或受人的支配.

我们可以说：Itsgoingtorain/Theyoungmanisgoingtobefat.

但不能说：Itistorain/Theyoungmanistobefat.

5用一般现在时表示将来。

如：NextChristmasfallsonaTuesday

Thetrainleavesat7:30thisevening.

Theplanetakesoffat6:40.

３》警示　除了上述那些之外，也用beaboutto/beonthepointof/beonthemiddleof/表将来。

如：Ｔhemeetingisabouttobegin.

Weareonthepointofgoingout...

但值得注意的是这种形式不和将来的时间用在一起。我们不可以说theyareabouttoleavethisafternoon.

４。进行时

１》概念　表示某时某刻某阶段正在进行的动作。

２》理解　进行的动作包括现在，过去和将来。

一现在进行时

本结构是am/is/are+doing构成的形式。这种时态表示的动作主要与现在时间有关系。有如下的用法。

1表示此刻正在进行或发生的动作　常伴有时间状语。如：now/atpresent/atthemoment

Atpresent,thestaffareholdingameeting.

Wherearetheyhavingthebasketballmatch?

2表示现阶段正在进行的动作。

　Iusuallygetupatseven,butImgettingupatsixeverydaythisweektopreparemylessons.

Selectingamobilephoneisdifficult.Thetechnologyischanging.

3如果和表示频度的时间状语连用，不表示动作的进行，而表示动作的重复性，在语意上带有感情色彩。如：

　Youarecontinuallyfindingfaultwithme.表不满》

Heisalwaysthinkingofhowhecoulddoforthepeople《表赞扬〉

Theoldmanisconstantlycomplainingofhiswatchbeingslow.〈发牢骚〉

〈二〉过去进行时。

本结构是was/were+doing构成的形式。它表示的状态或动作主要和过去的时间有联系，所以往往和表示过去的时间连用。

　〈１〉表示过去某时刻正在进行的动作。如：

Ｗhatwereyoudoingattenlastnight?

WhenIgotupthismorning,itwasrainingoutside.

2　表示过去某阶段中正在进行的动作。如：

　Atthattime,hewasworkinginaPLAunit.

Inthoseyearshewashavingahappylife.

3在叙述故事的背景时，为了使故事的语言更加生动，让读者有身临其境的效果，多用进行时。如：Onemorningthethreesistersweretogetherinthedrawingroom.Marywassewing,Alicewasplayingthepiano,andJanewasdoingnothing,thensuddenlythedooropened...

正如现在进行时一样，过去进行时与表示频度的时间状语连用，也能表示某种情感色彩。

３》警示　进行时还常用在语境中，表示语气的委婉。如：

---Whatareyougoingtodo?

---Imhopingtoinviteyoutodinner.

5.完成时。

１》概念　本时态是表示某动作或某过程在一定时间内处于完成的状态。

２》理解　完成时包括现在完成时和过去完成时态。构成分别为havehasdone/haddone.

一现在完成时。动作在过去发生，持续到现在已经完成，或者是继续持续下去。

　１已经完成的用法。其表明某动作或过程发生在说话前某个不明确的过去时刻，到目前一完成，并对目前造成影响。如：Hehasnotbeentoshanghai/Haveyoufinishedreadingthestory?

本用法常和不确定时间状语连用。如：already/yet/before/recently/lately/just...等

Ihaveseenhimbefore

wehaventbeentherelately

也可以和表示频度的时间状语用在一起。如：ever/never/once---等。

IhaveneverbeentoHongkong.

HaveyouevervisitedtheGreatWall?

2未完成的用法。本用法表示某动作或状态开始于过去某个时刻一直延续到现在，而且还要继续下去，在某种情况下也可能刚刚结束。常和since/for/时间状语连用。如：

Hehasbeeninthearmyfor3years.

Hehaslivedinthebuildingsincehecamehere.

3》警示：如果不过since引导的从句中的动词是延续性的，一般认为，语意上也表明动作或状态的结束。如：

Ihaventheardfromhimsincehelivedthere.

从他离开那儿以来，我一直未收到他的消息。

HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIwasill.

从我病愈以来，他常给我写信。

如果since引导的从句中的谓语动词用了现在完成时，那么表示的动作或状态就不表示完结。如：

Ihaventheardfromhimsincehehaslivedthere.

从我住在那里以来，我一直未收到他的来信。

HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIhavebeenill.

从我生病以来，他常给我写信。

二过去完成时。本时态表示的是动作在过去的过去发生。它也分为“已完成用法”和“未完成用法”。

1已完成用法。表示，当一个动作发生或结束时，在它之前的另一动作已经完成。这种用法既用于动作动词，也用于状态动词。如：

Ｗhenwearrivedthecinema,theticketshavebeensoldout.

Tomflewhome,buthisfatherhadalreadydied.

Ｉwastoldthattheoldmanhadbeenawayforaweek.

2未完成用法。表明某个动作或状态在过去某个时刻之前一直延续到过去这个时间，而且还可能继续下去。它也使用于动作和状态动词。而且常和By+过去时间或从句　连用。如：

By12,hehadstudiedfor4hours.

Bywegotthere,theyhadendedthemeeting.

Wehadworkedtogetherforalongtimebeforewecametothiscollege.

3警示：在by+过去时间或从句的结构中，如果主句动词是动作动词，用过去完成时，如果是状态动词，用一般过去时。比较：

　Bytheendoflastyear,hewas12.

Bytheendoflastyear,hehadlearned300Englishwords.

另外，在---hardly---when/---nosooner---than---的句中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。而且，如果hardly./nosooner提前，主句需要部分倒装。如：　

IhadhardlyrecoganizedhimwhenIsawhim.

HardlyhadIrecoganizedhimwhenIsawhim.