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发表时间:2020-10-15

Unit1GreatScientists-Grammar学案。

一名优秀负责的教师就要对每一位学生尽职尽责,高中教师在教学前就要准备好教案,做好充分的准备。教案可以让上课时的教学氛围非常活跃,帮助高中教师营造一个良好的教学氛围。所以你在写高中教案时要注意些什么呢?为了让您在使用时更加简单方便,下面是小编整理的“Unit1GreatScientists-Grammar学案”,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。

Unit1GreatScientists-Grammar学案

过去分词作定语和表语

--Lookattheexcitedboy!Why

ishesohappy?

--Hehasgotthefirstprizein

thecontest.

--Nowonderheisexcited!

一、过去分词作定语

1.前置定语

被动意义:

anrespectedguest一位受尊敬的客人

Howmanyfinishedproductshaveyougotuptonow?

=Howmanyproductsthathavebeenfinishedhaveyougotuptonow?

到现在为止,你已经得到多少成品?

完成意义:

aretiredworker一位退休的工人

Thechildrenarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.

=Thechildrenarecleaningtheleavesthathavefallenintheyard.

孩子们正在打扫院子里的落叶。

总结:________的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之______,作前置定语。表示________和________的意义。

2.后置定语

Thingsseenarebetterthanthingsheard.

=Thingswhichareseenarebetterthanthingswhichareheard.

眼见最好。

Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten.

=Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindthathaseverbeenwritten.

这将是这类小说中写得最好的。

总结:过去分词短语作定语时,放在被修饰的名词之______,作后置定语,作用相当于一个____________。

注意:

①如被修饰的词是something,anything,everything,nothing,-one,-body以及those等,分词放在被修饰词的后面。

Doyouhaveanythingunfinished?你还有什么没完成的事吗?

Heisoneofthosekidnapped.他是那些被绑架的人之一。

②单个分词也可以作后置定语,用以强调动作。?

Theydecidedtochangethematerialused.他们决定更换使用的材料。

③不及物动词的过去分词仅表示时间的完成,无被动意义。现在分词表示动作正在进行。?

fallenleaves落叶fallingleaves正在下落的树叶

adevelopedcountry发达国家adevelopingcountry发展中国家 

theboiledwater(凉)开水?theboilingwater沸水?

二、过去分词作表语

Theteacherseemedquitedelightedattheidea.

Whenweheardofthestory,weweredeeplymoved.

Hishairisnearlyallgone.

过去分词作表语表示主语的_________和_________。

注意:

①作表语的过去分词,________的意味很弱,主要表示动作的_______和某一_______,相当于一个形容词。

Theboatisbroken.

Thestreetiscrowded.

②表示______的过去分词:disappointed,excited,surprised,pleased…

表示______的过去分词:lost,known,married,dressed,gone,drunk…

Latertheyfoundthattheywerelost.

Thehappytimeisgone.

③过去分词作表语:强调____________________

被动语态:强调____________________

Myglassesarebroken.(________)Myglasseswerebrokenbymylittledaughter.(________)

Hewassurprisedatthenews.(________)Iwasgreatlysurprisedbyaknockatthedoor.(________)

Practice:

1.这本书很有趣。

2.他对这本书很感兴趣。

3.这个窗户破了。

4.这个窗户是被那个顽皮的男孩儿打破的。

5.站在那儿的男孩儿是我弟弟。

6.他是位高级教师。

7.穿白色衣服的学生是我女儿。

答案

一、

1.总结:单个;前;被动;完成

2.总结:后;定语从句

二、

情绪;状态

①被动;完成;状态

②情绪;状态

③主语所处的状态

主语所承受的动作

Practice:

1.Thebookisveryinteresting.

2.Heisveryinterestedinthebook.

3.Thiswindowisbroken.

4.Thiswindowwasbrokenbuthenaughtyboy.

5.Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.

6.Heisanadvancedteacher.

7.Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.

相关阅读

Unit1EatingAroundtheWorld-grammar学案


Unit1EatingAroundtheWorld-grammar学案
一.快捷识记
现在分词作状语时,常可以表达伴随、原因、结果、时间、条件、让步情况,如:
1.表伴随:伴随状语出现的条件是由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态,或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的生语,伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的.
"Cantyouread?"Marysaidangrily,pointingtothenotice.
Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.
Theystoodthereforanhour,watchingthegame.
Shesatatthedeskreadinganewspaper.
Travelingbyjeep,wevisitedanumberofcities.
Followingtheguide,theystartedtoclimb.
2.表原因
Havingeatentoomuch,hecouldn’tgotosleep.
Havingreadtheletter,shegotveryexcited.(完成式)
Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.
Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.
Beingsopoorinthosedays,wecouldn’taffordtosendtheboytohospital.
注:
Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.
(分词完成式的肯定式)
Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.
(分词完成式的否定式)
3.表结果
Hisparentswerekilledintheaccident,leavinghimanorphan.
Thebuswasheldupbysnowstorm,thuscausingthedelay.
注:现在分词表示必然结果,前可加thus,不定式表意外的结果,前可加only.
Hewascaughtintherain,thusmakinghimselfcatchcold.(表示在意料之中)
Ihurriedtoschool,onlytofindthatitwasSunday.(表示在意料之外)
4.表时间
Whencrossingtheroad,pleasebecareful.
Don’tmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim.
OnarrivinginLondon,hemanagedtogetintouchwithher.=AssoonashearrivedinLondon,….
5.表条件
Workinghard,you’llgetagoodachievement.
Turningtotheleft,youwillfindthepathleadingtothesite.
6.表让步
Workingsohard,hefailedagain.
使用时注意:
1)分词表示的必须是主语发出的动作;
2)分词表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的;
3)分词表示的是次要的动作,对谓语动词所表示的动作或状态加以补充说明;
4)表示时间关系的连接短语有时还可以由连接词while或when引导。

二.随堂练习
()1._______moreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.(90’全国)
A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven.
()2.Thecomputercenter,________lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool(93’全国)
A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened
()3.Thefirsttextbooks________forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(94’全国)
A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written
()4.________isthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(96’全国)
A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose
()5._______thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.(00’全国春)
()6._______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(01’全国夏)
A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered
()7.Theresearcherissodesignedthatonce________nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(02’全国)A.beginsB.havingbegunD.beginningD.begun
()8.________in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.(00’上海)
A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding
()9.When________,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.(02’上海春)
A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted
()10.Pricesofdailygoods________throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.(02’京皖春)
A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying
()11.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases________onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.(02’上海)
A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known
()12.Unless________tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.(03’上海春)
A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited
()13.Friendshipislikemoney:easiermadethan______.(03’北京)
A.keptB.tobekeptC.keepingD.havingkept
()14.Mr.Smith,_______ofthe________speech,startedtoreadanovel.(03’北京春)
A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring
()15.________time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.(03’北京)
A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given

(Key:1-5ADDCA6-10ADCAB11-15DAAAD

Unit1friendship-grammar学案


Unit1friendship-grammar学案Grammar:英语五大基本句型Learningaims:1.tomasterthebasicsentencestructurestentatively2.toletssanalysethepartsofthesentences3.tohavessmakesentencesskillfullyImportantpoints:tomasterthebasicsentencestructuresDifficulties:tomakesentencesusingthebasicsentencestructuresLearingmethods:self-studyingdiscussingandpresentingLearningprocedures:Step1:togivesstheformsofbasicsentencestructures.Step2:toletssanalysethepartsofthesentences.Step3:tomakesentences英语五种基本句型列式如下:(一)基本句型一:S+V(主+谓)

SV(不及物动词)1.Time2.Themoon3.Themanflies.rose.cooked.动脑思考:充当主语的是______词性,充当谓语的______词性。划分句子成分:Wealleat,anddrink.(E—C)Everybodylaughed.
1.正在下着雨。(C-E)___________________________________________________
2.我的哥哥很用功。
___________________________________________________
3.我每天早晨六点钟起床。_____________________________________________(二)基本句型二:S+V+P(主+系+表)SV(是系动词)P(表语)1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.Everythingissmells(闻)feelslooksanEnglishdictionary.good.happy.different.动脑思考:充当表语的是_______词性(划分句子成分)Heistallandstrong.(E-C)Theweatherbecamecool.Hisfaceturnedred.

1.下课了。_______________________________2..他成了一个著名的医生。

3.这个苹果吃起来真好吃。_____________________________________________(知识衔接)系动词分两类:be,look,feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类,表示情况;get,grow,become,turn,go等属另一类,表示变化。be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,remain,stand(三)基本句型三:S+V+O(主+谓+宾)SV(实义动词)O(宾语)1.She2.He3.Ilaughatunderstandswanther.English.tohaveacupoftea.动脑思考:充当宾语的是______词性划分句子成分:Hemadecakes.(E—C)Theyatesomeapples.Whoknowstheanswer?1.现在我们正在学习句型。(C-E)
___________________________________________________2.昨天我看到他了.
__________________________________________________3.我们的英语老师会说英语和日语。
___________________________________________________4.学生们都喜欢画画。______________________________________________(四)基本句型四:S+V+IO+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)SV(及物)o(多指人)O(多指物)1.She2.He3.Ipassedbroughtorderedhimyoumyselfanewdress.adictionary.anewcoat.Ishowedhimmypictures.(E--C)Hegavemeabook.Myparentsboughtmeabike.1.她的伯父昨天给了她一件很好的礼物。(C—E)_______________________________________________________2.她的父亲买了一只新的手表给他。
________________________________________________________3.我的朋友写了一封信给我。_________________________________________________________(五)基本句型五:S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)SV(及物)O(宾语)C(宾补)1.We2.I3.He4.keepsawaskedLetthetablehimmeusclean.out.tocomebacksoon.goshopping.(划分句子成分)Keepthechildrenquiet,please..(E—C)Hepaintedthewallwhite.Wefoundhimanhonestperson.1.老师让我们努力学英语。_________________________________________________________________2.使我们的国家更美丽。_________________________________________________________________3.我听到她唱了一首歌。_____________________________________________自我评价:————————————————————————————————————当堂检测一.Analysethesentencestoseewhichsentencestructurebelongsto.

1.Birdssingbeautifully.

2.WelikeEnglish.

3.Imakeyouclear.

4.Hewentonholiday.

5.Iwanttohelphim.

6.WeareChinese.

7.Igiveyouhelp.

8.Westoppedtohavearest.

9.Illgoswimming.

10.Hesentabooktome.

11.Heboughtacoatforme.

12.WenamedourbabyTom.

二.Readingforfun.

LastweekIwenttothetheatre.Ihadaverygoodseat.Theplaywasveryinteresting.Ididnotenjoyit.Ayoungmanandayoungwomanweresittingbehindme.Theyweretalkingloudly.Igotveryangry.Icouldnotheartheactors.Iturnedround.Ilookedatthemanandthewomanangrily.Theydidnotpayanyattention.Intheend,Icouldnotbearit.Iturnedroundagain.‘Icanthearaword!’Isaidangrily.‘Itsnoneofyourbusiness,’theyoungmansaidrudely.‘Thisisaprivateconversation!’Notesonthetext课文注释1gotothetheatre,去看戏。2gotangry,生气。3turnround,转身,也可用turnaround。4.payattention,注意。5Icouldnotbearit.我无法忍受。其中的it是指上文中的那对男女大声说话又不理会作者的愤怒目光。6noneofyourbusiness,不关你的事。自我评价:____________________________________________.

Unit5Lesson1Grammar导学案


古人云,工欲善其事,必先利其器。高中教师在教学前就要准备好教案,做好充分的准备。教案可以让学生更好的吸收课堂上所讲的知识点,帮助高中教师掌握上课时的教学节奏。怎么才能让高中教案写的更加全面呢?以下是小编收集整理的“Unit5Lesson1Grammar导学案”,希望能对您有所帮助,请收藏。

Unit5Lesson1Grammar导学案
Tips:Onehourtodayisworthtwotomorrow.争分夺秒效率高。
Learningcontent:Lesson1Grammar
Learningimportantpoints::Topractiseusingwillfordecisions
Learningdifficultpoints:Topracticeusingclauseswithassoonas,when,before…andclausesofconcession(让步)withalthough\though
Learningsteps:
Step1默写单词(A级)
1___________________2___________________
3___________________4___________________
5___________________6___________________
Step2Grammar(B级)
我们上单元学习了will的用法,现在我们来继续学习。
1.Will后接动词原形可以表示事先未考虑的意图或突然决定。这种用法通常出现在情形对话中。例如:
----Annisinhospital.
----Oh,really?Ididn’tknow,Iwillgoandvisither.
----Thelightisstillon.
---Iwillgoandturnitoff.
2.以上是我们学习will的第一个用法,下面我们学习第二个。
我们以前学习过一些状语从句,大家能想起来吗?由when等引导的是__________状语从句,because等引导的是__________状语从句,though引导的是__________状语从句,so…that引导的是____________状语从句,sothat引导____________状语从句,where引导____________状语从句,除此之外还有条件,方式状语从句。
今天我们着重讲解will在时间状语从句中的用法。
引导时间状语从句的连词和词组有:
(1)表示当…时:______________,_____________和as.
(2)表示“一…就…”:assoonas,themoment
(3)表示“直到…”:until,till(4)表示“自从…以来”since
(5)表示“在…之前”before(6)表示“在…之后”after
▲在时间状语从句中,若主句谓语动词时一般将来时,从句谓语要用______________时代替将来时,我们可以总结成“主将从现”。例如:
They’llgohomeaftertheyfinishtheirwork.
____________________________________________________
I’llletyouknowassoonashearrivesinBeijing.
____________________________________________________
when,while,as这三个词都可以引导时间状语从句,但他们的侧重点不同。When即可指某一时间点,也可指一段时间;while强调一段时间,所以从句的谓语是延续性的;as强调主语和从句的动作相并发生,常译作“一边…一边…”
学习完了will的用法,我们现在来学习另外一个状语从句:让步状语从句。
引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有_________,____________(虽然)evenif,______________(即使)whatevernomatterwhat(无论什么)whoevernomatterwho(无论谁)等。
though和although都做“虽然”讲,通常可以互换,切记不可与but连用。although比though语气重,多用于句首,;evenif相当于eventhough。例如;
Althoughitwassnowing,itwasnotverycold.
————————————————————————
IwaslatefortheearlybusalthoughthoughIhurried.
____________________________________________________
Evenifheispoor,sheloveshimverymuch.
_____________________________________________________
WhoeverNomatterwhoyouare,youmustworkhard.
_________________________________________________
Step3巩固练习(C级)
1.用括号里的动词的适当形式完成下列句子
(1)We(have)ourmealinthekitchenassoonasit(be)ready.
___________________________________________________
(2)I(buy)someflowersassoonasI(see)aflowerstand.
_______________________________________________________
(3)We(have)a“farewell”partyforyoubeforeyou(go)touniversity.
_______________________________________________________
(4)BeforeI(go)I(help)youwiththewashingup.
_______________________________________________________
2.单选
(1)MrHallunderstandsthat______mathshasalwaysbeeneasyforhim,it’snoteasyforthestudents.
A.unlessB.sinceC.althoughD.when
(2)_________Iknowthemoneyissafe,Ishallnotworryaboutit.
A.EventhoughB.UnlessC.AslongasD.While
(3)_________hehaslimitedtechnicalknowledge,theoldworkerhasalotofexperience.
A.SinceB.UnlessC.AsD.Although
3.改错
(1)Theoldmanisusedtoliveasimplelife.
__________________________________________________-
(2)Heisunhappyalthoughheispoor.
_________________________________________________
小结与反思(今天所学的will的用法与让步状语从句你都学会了吗?)————————————————————————————————————————————————————

Unit1 Women of achievement-grammar学案


一位优秀的教师不打无准备之仗,会提前做好准备,教师要准备好教案,这是每个教师都不可缺少的。教案可以保证学生们在上课时能够更好的听课,帮助教师提高自己的教学质量。我们要如何写好一份值得称赞的教案呢?下面是由小编为大家整理的“Unit1 Women of achievement-grammar学案”,供大家参考,希望能帮助到有需要的朋友。

Unit1Womenofachievement-grammar学案一、主谓一致
主谓一致有许多原则,概括起来不外乎三种一致原则,即语法形式一致,概念一致(语言内容上一致),毗邻一致(谓语动词的单复数形式和紧位于其前的主语一致)。
1.语法形式一致:按主语的语法形式(单复数)确定谓语的形式(1)单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语,用and或both…and连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句作主语,谓语动词则用复数形式。例如:
1)Theperformancewasveryfunny.
2)Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.
3)Whetherwe’llgodependsontheweather.
4)Manynaturalmaterialsarebecomingscarce.
5)BothyouandIarestudents.
6)WhatIthinkandwhatIseekhavebeenfairlyreflectedinmypaper.
注1:在what引导的主语从句中,如果主语补语是复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
Whatwehavetolearnarethepiecesoflanguagethatproduceinversion.
注2:修饰语对主语的数不起影响。例如:
Theperformanceofthefirstthreeclownswasveryfunny.
(2)由aswellas,with,alongwith,like,togetherwith,ratherthan,except,but,including,accompaniedby,plus,besides,inadditionto,nolessthan等引起的结构跟在主语后面,不能看作是并列主语,该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响,主语如是单数,其谓语动词仍然用单数形式。例如:
1)Mymother,aswellasmyfather,hasakeytotheoffice.
2)ThemantogetherwithhiswifeandchildrensitstherewatchingTV.
3)Hissisternolessthanyouiswrong.
4)Thereadingcoursebook,plusitsreferencebooks,ishelpfultocollegestudents.
(3)有些代词只能指单数可数名词,当它们在句子中作主语时,尽管在意义上是多数,谓语动词仍要用单数形式。这类代词有either,neither,each,one,theother,another,somebody,someone,something,anyone,anything,anybody,everyone,everything,everybody,noone,nothing,nobody等。例如:
1)Neitherlikesthefriendsoftheother.(两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。)
2)Everythingaroundusismatter.(我们周围的所有东西都是物质。)
(4)在neitherof与eitherof的结构里,一般语法书都认为谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式,一般用单数形式。例如:
1)Neitherofthemwasingoodhealth,butbothworkedveryhard.
2)Haseitherofthembeenseenrecently?
(5)当and连结的两个名词是指同一个人或同一件事,and后的名词前没有冠词,谓语动词应该用单数形式;在and后面的名词前有冠词,谓语就用复数形式。例如:
1)Thebreadandbutterisservedforbreakfast.(早饭供应黄油面包。)
2)Thebreadandthebutterareonsale.(正在出售黄油和面包。)
(6)当oneof,aportionof,aseriesof,aspeciesof,achainof结构作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
1)Oneofthosestudentshaspassedtheexamination.
2)Aseriesofpre-recordedtapeshasbeenpreparedforlanguagelaboratoryuse.
(7)plentyof,halfof,alotof,lotsof,heapsof,loadsof,scadsof等+可数与不可数名词作主语时,不可数名词的谓语只用单数,可数名词的谓语视可数名词的单复数而定。例如:
1)Halfofthisbuildingistobecompletedbyspring.
2)Halfofthebuildingshavebeenpaintedcompletely.
3)Thereisplentyofwaterinthepail.
4)Thereareplentyofeggsinthebox.
5)Thereisloadsofmilkonthefarm.
6)Thereareloadsofbigredapplesontheground.
(8)由allof,mostof,alotof,someof,noneof,plentyof,therest,themajorityof等+名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式应与名词的单复数一致。例如:
1)Noneofthebookssatisfythestudents.
2)Noneofthismeatisfittoeat.
3)Alloftheresearchworkwasdesignedbythechiefengineer.
4)Allofthestudentsareagainsttheplanforanoutingatthistimeoftheterm.
5)Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.
6)Themajorityofcriminalsarenon-violent.
(9)由morethanone(或morethanone+单数名词),manya+单数名词作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
1)Morethanonestudenthaspassedtheexamination.
2)Manyaboylearnstoswimbeforehecanread.
注:如果morethan后面是复数名词,则谓语动词要用复数。
例如:Morethantwohundredstudentshaveattendedthelecture.
(10)quantityof+不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;quantitiesof+可数与不可数名词,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
1)Greatquantitiesofmilkareneededinthiscity.
2)Thereisalargequantityofmilk.
(11)如果名词词组中心词是“分数或百分数+of+名词”,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。例如:
1)Overthree-quartersoftheswamplandhasbeenreclaimed.
2)Two-thirdsofthepeoplepresentareagainsttheplan.
(12)定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词一致。例如:
1)Heisoneofthemenwhowerechosentorepresentthegroup.
2)“Keepcool”isthefirstoftherulesthataretoberememberedinanaccident.
注:当one之前有theonly等限定词修饰时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
Heistheonlyoneofthoseboyswhoiswillingtotakeonanotherassignment.2.概念一致(语言内容上一致)
(1)有些集合名词如crowd,family,team,orchestra(管弦乐队),group,government,committee,class,school,union,firm,staff,public等,它们作主语时,谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。如果它们作为一个集体单位时,动词用单数形式,如就其中的各个成员来说,则谓语用复数形式。例如:
1)Hisfamilyisgoingtomove.
2)Hisfamilyareverywell.
3)Thepublicis/arerequestednottoleavelitterinthepark.
注:如这类词后跟有定语从句时,定语从句的谓语动词也遵循概念一致的原则,强调具体成员时,谓语动词用复数,关系代词用who;强调整体时,谓语动词用单数,关系代词用which。例如:
1)Thegovernmentwhowereresponsibleforthiseventattemptedtofindasolution.
2)Thegovernmentwhichwasresponsibleforthiseventattemptedtofindasolution.

(2)有些表示总称意义的名词,形式上是单数,而意义上却是复数,谓语动词要用复数形式,如people,police,militia,cattle,poultry(家禽)等。例如:
1)Cattlewereallowedtograzeonthevillagecommon.
2)Thepolicearesearchingforatalldarkmanwithabeard.
(3)有些名词形式上是复数,而意义上却是单数。如news,means,works.还有许多以ics结尾的学科名称,如economics,physics,mechanics,politics等,它们作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
1)Politicsisacomplicatedbusiness.
2)Hereisthenews.
(4)用and连接的单数主语,前面有each,every,manya,no等修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语与each连用时,应不受each的影响,谓语动词仍用复数形式。例如:
1)Eachpenandeachpaperisfoundinitsplace.
2)Everyboyandgirlistreatedinthesameway.
3)Manyaboyandmanyagirlhasseenit.
4)Theoldworkersandtheyoungeachhavetheirowntools.
(5)表示重量、度量、衡量、价值的复数名词作主语,谓语动词常用单数形式。例如:
1)Twentymilesisalongwaytowalk.
2)Threepintsisn’tenoughtogetmedrunk.
(6)国家、单位和书报的名称,作为一个单一的概念,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
1)WarandPeaceisthelongestbookI’veread.
2)GeneralMotorshasrecentlycloseddownaplant.(通用汽车公司最近关闭了一家工厂。)3.毗邻一致(就近原则)
(1)由连词or,neither…or,either…or,notonly…also,nor等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的单复数形式按毗邻一致的原则,与贴近它的主语一致。例如:
1)Heoryouhavetakenmypen.
2)Eitheryouorheisnotellingthetruth.
3)Notonlytheswitchesbutalsotheoldwiringhasbeenchanged.
(2)在therebe的结构中,谓语动词的单复数形式一般也采取就近原则。例如:
1)Thereisadeskandfourbenchesintheoffice.
2)Therearetwochairsandadeskintheoffice.
二、代词指代一致
指代一致是指句中的代词应该在人称、数、性等方面与所指的词保持一致。
1.人称一致
(1)当代词指代名词或另一个代词时,须在人称上与所指代的词保持一致。例如:
1)Irecognizedoneofthegirls,butIdidn’tspeaktoher.
2)Thatwomansaidthatshewasoverfifty.
3)Theyaskedwhomtheyshouldapplyto.
(2)当代词指代集合名词时,用单数人称代词强调整体,用复数人称代词强调个人。例如:
1)Thecommitteehavediscussedtheirreportonthedisaster.
2)Theaudienceareraisingtheirhandstosignifytheirapproval.
(3)当everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody等作主语时,相应的代词一般采用单数形式。例如:
1)Ifanyonecalls,tellhimI’llbebacklater.
2)Everyonethinksheisthecenterofuniverse.
注:在非正式文体中,特别是在会话体里,常用代词的复数形式是为了故意不具体说出所指的那个人的性别。例如:
1)Hasanybodybroughttheircamera?
2)Noonecouldblamedthemselves.
(4)由neither…nor,notonly…butalso,either…or,not…but,or等连结的并列主语,其后的附加疑问部分主语用复数代词。例如:
1)NeitheryounorIamwrong,arewe?
2)BothTomandJackcame,didn’tthey?
2.性、数、格一致
(1)代词的性一般仅限于第三人称。例如:
1)Chinawillalwaysdowhatshehaspromisedtodo.
2)Theboystoodatthedoorwithhishatinhishand.
(2)当or或nor连接阳性名词或阴性名词时,代词一般和近者保持一致。例如:
1)NeitherJohnnorMaryhasgotwhatshewanted.
2)IfyoushouldseeMaryorThomas,tellhimthenews.
(3)单数名词由and连接时,相应的代词一般用复数形式。例如:
1)Foodandrentaremoreexpensivethantheyusedtobe.
2)JimandMaryspokeonthesubjectasiftheywereexperts.
3.应注意的问题
(1)当句子的主语是one,并要在句子中多次出现时,一般用第三人称单数代词来代替后面将出现的one或one’s;当one在句子中泛指人时,在反意疑问句中也可用you来代替。例如:
1)Oneshouldneverblamehisfriendswhenhefriendswhenhefindshimselfintrouble.
2)Onecan’tbetoocareful,canyou(one)?