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Unit3manners-grammar学案。

一名优秀的教师在教学时都会提前最好准备,高中教师要准备好教案为之后的教学做准备。教案可以让学生更好地进入课堂环境中来,帮助高中教师有计划有步骤有质量的完成教学任务。您知道高中教案应该要怎么下笔吗?考虑到您的需要,小编特地编辑了“Unit3manners-grammar学案”,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。

Unit3manners-grammar学案

TheRelativeClause

一.快捷识记

·非限制性定于从句

1.1.限制性定语从句不能省略,如果省略了句子就不完整,而限制性定语从句可以省略,因为它仅仅是对先行词的附加说明

Takethestreetthatgoestotheright.

Thelibrary,(whichisnewlybuilt,)willsoonbeopentothepublic.

2.限制性定语从句中,主句与从句之间没有逗号,非限制性定语从句中主句与从句之间必须用逗号隔开.

3.限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略,而在非限制性定语从句中则不能省.

4非限制性定语从句不能用关系代词that.

5.限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词,也可以是一句话

Hedidn’tpasstheexamination,whichdisappointedhisparents.

6.非限制性定语从句所修饰的某人的亲属或某个东西,某个地方表示”唯一的,独一无二的”,限制性定语从句表示这个亲属和地方不止一个.

MybrotherwholivesinNewYorkhassixchildren.

我住在纽约的那个兄弟有六个孩子.(不止一个兄弟)

Mybrother,wholivesinNewYork,hassixchildren.

我有一个兄弟,他住在纽约,有六个孩子.(只有一个兄弟)

Shanghai,whichliesintheeastofChina,isahighlyindustrializedcity.

(因为上海只有一个,必须在关系代词前用上逗号.)

特殊的定语从句

I.I.嵌入式定语从句

Sheisatopstudent,whotheysayhaswonfiveprizesinthecontest.

她是个优等生,大家说她已经在比赛中获了五次奖

“whohaswonfiveprizesinthecontest”既是student的定语从句,又是theysay的宾语,而theysay类似插入语,如果去掉并不影响句子的完整,类似的还有:

IhaveanideawhichI’msurewillinterestyou.

Wewillhaveanewteacher,whoIknowhasjustreturnedfromBritain.

HereadapoemwhichwethoughtwaswrittenbyapoetintheQinDinesty.

II.II.that的特殊用法

Canyoutellmetheway(that)/inwhichyousolvedthedifficultproblem?

Thisisthelasttime(that)I’llgiveyoualesson.

III.在非限制性定语从句中,ofwhich/ofwhom常用于基数词some,most,all,none,neither,either等词后,而不用whose。

Thesebooks,twoofwhichIhaveread,areinteresting.

Theteachersspeakhighlyofthesetofworkbooks,allofwhichhavecomeout.

Theaudience,mostofwhomwerecollegestudents,enjoyedtheconcert.

二.随堂练习

I.Fillineachblankwitharelativepronounorarelativeadverb:

(who,whom,which,that,as,where,when,why)

1.Thiswasthebestmodelofaradioset______thefactoryproducedin1979.

2.Doyouknowanyone______knowsaboutthehistoryoftheMingTombs?

3.WehavevisitedtheMuseumofChineseHistory,______PremierZhouslife

anddeedsarebeingshown.

4.Wellneverforgettheday______wejoinedtheLeague.

5.Thisistheman______sondiedintheWarofLiberation.

6.Hetoldmeeverything_____hehadseeninthetrafficaccident.

7.LiuMingshowedmeaningeniouswayby______thedifficultycouldbe

overcome.

8.Idontknowthereason______shedidntagreetoourstudyplan.

9.IbegantoworkinBeijingintheyear______NewChinawasfounded.

10.YesterdayImetDr.Li______toldmethegoodnewsofWangsrecovery.

11.Thetwopupils_____youtaughtthreeyearsagohavebecometeachers.

12.Thefirstthing_____mysisterisgoingtodothiseveningistowrite

areportaboutscientificexperiment.

13.Thechild______parentsdiedintheaccidentisnowlivingwithhisaunt.

14.Theplace______youarestandingwasthesiteofanoldchurch.

15.Youcantelephonethepeople______youwanttoinvitetodinner.

16.Didyouknowtheactor______yousawjustnow?

17.Thisistheman_____photoItookyesterday.

18.Thisisthebiggesttiger_____haseverbeenshowninthezoo.

19.Theriver______theycrossedistwomileswide.

20.Thedoctor______istreatingforyourhearttroubleisarelativeofmine.

21.Mary,______dressisallgreen,looksverypretty.

22.ThePLAmanwillvisitthevillage______theoldmanlives.

II.Combinethefollowingsentences:

1.XiaoWangfoundmethekey.Ilostthekeyyesterday.

2.Whereisthebeautifulpicture?YouboughtitlastSunday.

3.Thenurseisverykind.Shelooksaftermylittlesister.

4.WewatchedtheplayTeahouse.TheplayTeahousewaswrittenbyLaoShe.

5.Thebuildingisattheotherendofthestreet.Sheislookingforthebuilding.

6.Thebridgehasbeenrebuiltnow.Itwasbuiltin1956.

7.Thegirlisnowlivingwithhergrandmother.Herparentsdiedintheearthquake.

8.Sheisgoingtothetown.Idontknowthetown.

9.ShejoinedtheLeagueonOctober4,2000.Shewillneverforgettheday.

10.Hedidntattendthemeeting.Hetoldmethereason.

11.Thestudentstudiesveryhard.Herfatherisamodelworker.

12.Thetrainstartedat4:50p.m.LiMingmissedit.

13.Thehotelusedtobeapalace.Professorisstayingatit.

14.Themedicinewasquitehelpful.DrChengaveittohim.

15.Thetelevisionsetisstillgoingwell.Theyhaveuseditforthreeyears.

16.Thosenewrecordsareverynice.Ihavejustheardthem.

17.Thecoatwillkeepmewarm.Mymotherboughtmethecoat.

18.Iamgoingtovisittheoldman.IoncelearnedChinesefromhim.

19.ZhangLinwillpaintapictureoftheoilworkers.Heusedtoworkwiththem.

20.Imgoingtothedepartmentstore.Mymotherworksthere.

21.Hejoinedthearmyin1947.Hishometownwasliberatedthatyear.

22.LastmonthshewenttoQingdao.Sheattendedameetingthere.

23.Helivesinahouse.Thehousehasmodernconveniences.

扩展阅读

Unit3manners教案


Unit3manners-grammar学案
TheRelativeClause
一.快捷识记
非限制性定于从句
1.1.限制性定语从句不能省略,如果省略了句子就不完整,而限制性定语从句可以省略,因为它仅仅是对先行词的附加说明
Takethestreetthatgoestotheright.
Thelibrary,(whichisnewlybuilt,)willsoonbeopentothepublic.
2.限制性定语从句中,主句与从句之间没有逗号,非限制性定语从句中主句与从句之间必须用逗号隔开.
3.限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略,而在非限制性定语从句中则不能省.
4非限制性定语从句不能用关系代词that.
5.限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词,也可以是一句话
Hedidn’tpasstheexamination,whichdisappointedhisparents.
6.非限制性定语从句所修饰的某人的亲属或某个东西,某个地方表示”唯一的,独一无二的”,限制性定语从句表示这个亲属和地方不止一个.
MybrotherwholivesinNewYorkhassixchildren.
我住在纽约的那个兄弟有六个孩子.(不止一个兄弟)
Mybrother,wholivesinNewYork,hassixchildren.
我有一个兄弟,他住在纽约,有六个孩子.(只有一个兄弟)
Shanghai,whichliesintheeastofChina,isahighlyindustrializedcity.
(因为上海只有一个,必须在关系代词前用上逗号.)
特殊的定语从句
I.I.嵌入式定语从句
Sheisatopstudent,whotheysayhaswonfiveprizesinthecontest.
她是个优等生,大家说她已经在比赛中获了五次奖
“whohaswonfiveprizesinthecontest”既是student的定语从句,又是theysay的宾语,而theysay类似插入语,如果去掉并不影响句子的完整,类似的还有:
IhaveanideawhichI’msurewillinterestyou.
Wewillhaveanewteacher,whoIknowhasjustreturnedfromBritain.
HereadapoemwhichwethoughtwaswrittenbyapoetintheQinDinesty.
II.II.that的特殊用法
Canyoutellmetheway(that)/inwhichyousolvedthedifficultproblem?
Thisisthelasttime(that)I’llgiveyoualesson.

III.在非限制性定语从句中,ofwhich/ofwhom常用于基数词some,most,all,none,neither,either等词后,而不用whose。

Thesebooks,twoofwhichIhaveread,areinteresting.
Theteachersspeakhighlyofthesetofworkbooks,allofwhichhavecomeout.
Theaudience,mostofwhomwerecollegestudents,enjoyedtheconcert.
二.随堂练习
I.Fillineachblankwitharelativepronounorarelativeadverb:
(who,whom,which,that,as,where,when,why)
1.Thiswasthebestmodelofaradioset______thefactoryproducedin1979.
2.Doyouknowanyone______knowsaboutthehistoryoftheMingTombs?
3.WehavevisitedtheMuseumofChineseHistory,______PremierZhouslife
anddeedsarebeingshown.
4.Wellneverforgettheday______wejoinedtheLeague.
5.Thisistheman______sondiedintheWarofLiberation.
6.Hetoldmeeverything_____hehadseeninthetrafficaccident.
7.LiuMingshowedmeaningeniouswayby______thedifficultycouldbe
overcome.
8.Idontknowthereason______shedidntagreetoourstudyplan.
9.IbegantoworkinBeijingintheyear______NewChinawasfounded.
10.YesterdayImetDr.Li______toldmethegoodnewsofWangsrecovery.
11.Thetwopupils_____youtaughtthreeyearsagohavebecometeachers.
12.Thefirstthing_____mysisterisgoingtodothiseveningistowrite
areportaboutscientificexperiment.
13.Thechild______parentsdiedintheaccidentisnowlivingwithhisaunt.
14.Theplace______youarestandingwasthesiteofanoldchurch.
15.Youcantelephonethepeople______youwanttoinvitetodinner.
16.Didyouknowtheactor______yousawjustnow?
17.Thisistheman_____photoItookyesterday.
18.Thisisthebiggesttiger_____haseverbeenshowninthezoo.
19.Theriver______theycrossedistwomileswide.
20.Thedoctor______istreatingforyourhearttroubleisarelativeofmine.
21.Mary,______dressisallgreen,looksverypretty.
22.ThePLAmanwillvisitthevillage______theoldmanlives.
II.Combinethefollowingsentences:
1.XiaoWangfoundmethekey.Ilostthekeyyesterday.

2.Whereisthebeautifulpicture?YouboughtitlastSunday.

3.Thenurseisverykind.Shelooksaftermylittlesister.
4.WewatchedtheplayTeahouse.TheplayTeahousewaswrittenbyLaoShe.
5.Thebuildingisattheotherendofthestreet.Sheislookingforthebuilding.
6.Thebridgehasbeenrebuiltnow.Itwasbuiltin1956.
7.Thegirlisnowlivingwithhergrandmother.Herparentsdiedintheearthquake.
8.Sheisgoingtothetown.Idontknowthetown.
9.ShejoinedtheLeagueonOctober4,2000.Shewillneverforgettheday.
10.Hedidntattendthemeeting.Hetoldmethereason.
11.Thestudentstudiesveryhard.Herfatherisamodelworker.
12.Thetrainstartedat4:50p.m.LiMingmissedit.
13.Thehotelusedtobeapalace.Professorisstayingatit.
14.Themedicinewasquitehelpful.DrChengaveittohim.
15.Thetelevisionsetisstillgoingwell.Theyhaveuseditforthreeyears.
16.Thosenewrecordsareverynice.Ihavejustheardthem.
17.Thecoatwillkeepmewarm.Mymotherboughtmethecoat.
18.Iamgoingtovisittheoldman.IoncelearnedChinesefromhim.
19.ZhangLinwillpaintapictureoftheoilworkers.Heusedtoworkwiththem.
20.Imgoingtothedepartmentstore.Mymotherworksthere.
21.Hejoinedthearmyin1947.Hishometownwasliberatedthatyear.
22.LastmonthshewenttoQingdao.Sheattendedameetingthere.
23.Helivesinahouse.Thehousehasmodernconveniences.

Unit3fashion-grammar学案


Unit3fashion-grammar学案
一快捷识记
限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开,修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词;非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开,可以修饰主句中的某一个词,也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导,引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。
非限制性定语从句例:LiPingacute;sfather,whoworksinafactory,isanengineer./Hetoreupmyphoto,whichmademeveryangry.(which指代主句内容,因前后两句是因果关系,此时which不可换为as。)
Heisgoodatphysics,asisknowntousall.=Asisknowntousall,heisgoodatphysics.(as指代主句内容,在asisknown/believed,asweallknow/believe这类结构中as不可换为which)
二.随堂测试
一)单句改错。
1.WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstcomestomindistheWestLake.
2.Inthedistancethereisahill,onthetopofitstandsawhitetemple.
3.IhaveneverbeentoDalianwhichissaidtobeanattractivecity.
4.Thesungivesofflightandwarmth,thatmakesitpossiblefor
plantstogrow.
5.Inanopenboat,thefourmen,oneofthemwasadoctor,metwithastormonthesea.
二)用适当的关系词填空。
1.I,________isyourgoodfriend,willofcoursetrymybesttohelp________youout.
2.HereachedLondonin1996,________,sometimelater,hebecameafamousactor.
3.MrGreenwillcometothepartyonSunday,________hepromisedtoeveryoneofus.
4.Theprofessorhastwosons,bothof________areteachinginthesameuniversity.
5.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.
三)把下列汉语翻译成英语。
1.汤姆努力学习并乐于助人,这正是他父母所期盼的。
2.他们将乘飞机去昆明,在那里他们将呆两三天。
3.老人有两个女儿,其中一个是医生。
参考答案:
一、1.在thefirst后加that。2.it改为which。3.在which前加逗号。4.that改为which。5.them改为whom。
二、1.who2.where3.which4.whom5.when
三、
1.Tomstudieshardandisreadytohelpothers,ashisparentsexpect.
2.TheywillflytoKunming,wheretheywillstayfortwoorthreedays.
3.Theoldmanhastwodaughters,oneofwhomisadoctor.

Unit 1 Great scientists Period 3 Grammar学案


Period3Grammar
了解并掌握-ed做定语及表语
★预习案PreviewingCasew
Translatethesentenceswiththepastparticiplesfromthereadingpassageandrecitethem.
①DoctorJohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon...
②Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.
③JohnSnowtoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremove...
④Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople.
⑤Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood.
⑥Hegotinterestedintwotheories.
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作的_________和_______。它在句子中可以充当________、________、________等成份。本单元仅谈其作______和________的用法。

★探究案ExploringCase
探究点一:过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。
1、前置定语:
A类:被动意义:
an___________guest=a__________guest一位受尊敬的客人
The___________workersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.
受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。
B类:完成意义:
a_________teacher一位退休的教师
Theyarecleaningthe_________leavesintheyard.
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
总结:________的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之______,作前置定语。表示________和________的意义。
2、后置定语:
Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten(=thathaseverbeenwritten).
Whoweretheguestsinvited(=whohadbeeninvited)toyourpartylastnight?
总结:过去分词短语作定语时,放在被修饰的名词之______,作后置定语,作用相当于一个____________。
3、注意:①如被修饰的词是something,anything,everything,nothing,-one,-body以及those等,分词放在被修饰词的后面。
Heisoneofthosekidnapped.他是那些被绑架的人之一。
你还有什么没完成的事吗?
______________________________________________________________?
②单个分词也可以作后置定语,用以强调动作。?
Theydecidedtochangethematerialused.他们决定更换使用的材料。
③不及物动词的过去分词仅表示时间的完成,无被动意义。现在分词表示动作正在进行。
_______leaves落叶______leaves正在下落的树叶
a_________country发达国家a________country发展中国家
the_______water(凉)开水?the_______water沸水?

探究点二:过去分词作表语
Theteacherseemedquitedelightedattheidea.
Whenweheardofthestory,weweredeeplymoved.
过去分词作表语表示主语的_________和_________。
注意:①作表语的过去分词,________的意味很弱,主要表示动作的_______和某一_______,相当于一个形容词。
Theboatisbroken.Thestreetiscrowded.
②表示______的过去分词:disappointed,excited,surprised,pleased…
表示______的过去分词:lost,known,married,dressed,gone,drunk…
Latertheyfoundthattheywerelost.Thehappytimeisgone.
常见的作表语的过去分词:
amused(愉快的);connected(连接的);broken(碎了的);closed(关闭的);astonished(吃惊的);covered(覆盖的);crowded(拥挤的);delighted(高兴的);;dressed(穿着的);drunk(喝醉的);experienced(有经验的);worried(担忧的);interested(感兴趣的);tired(疲劳的);satisfied(满意的);surprised(吃惊的);married(已婚的),等
③过去分词作表语:强调____________________
被动语态:强调____________________
Myglassesarebroken.(________)

Myglasseswerebrokenbymylittledaughter.(________)
Hewassurprisedatthenews.(________)

Iwasgreatlysurprisedbyaknockatthedoor.(________)

★练习PracticeChoosethebestanswers.
1.Mostoftheartists______tothepartywerefromSouthAmerica.(MET1990)
A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited
2.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget______bythehour.(NMET1998)
A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay
3.Thefirsttextbook______forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.
A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written
4.Dontusewords,expressions,orphrases______onlytopeoplewithspecialknowledge.
A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known
5.Hearingloudknocksatthedoor,Samgot______andopenedittofindwhoitwas.
A.dressedB.dressingC.dressD.beingdressed
6.Allpeoplepresentatthemeetingwere______atthesurprisingnews.
A.tosurpriseB.surprisedC.beingsurprisedDsurprise
7.Theynowhaveagovernment,______byallthepeople.
A.havingsupportedB.supportingC.supportedD.tobesupported
8.______in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.(2000)
A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding
PreviewingCase
Task1
Task2.过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当表语、定语、状语等成份。下面仅谈其作定语和表语的用法。
ExploringCase
探究点一1.
anhonored/respectedguest
Theinjuredworkersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.
2.aretiredteacher一位退休的教师
Theyarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.
Doyouhaveanythingunfinished?你还有什么没完成的事吗?
fallenleaves落叶fallingleaves正在下落的树叶
adevelopedcountry发达国家adevelopingcountry发展中国家
theboiledwater(凉)开水?theboilingwater沸水?
二、
情绪;状态
①被动;完成;状态
②情绪;状态
③主语所处的状态
主语所承受的动作
Practiceafterclass
Keys:1–8ACDDABCC

Unit3TheComputerandtheInformationAge-grammar教案-


一名优秀的教师就要对每一课堂负责,作为高中教师就要早早地准备好适合的教案课件。教案可以让学生能够听懂教师所讲的内容,使高中教师有一个简单易懂的教学思路。那么怎么才能写出优秀的高中教案呢?为了让您在使用时更加简单方便,下面是小编整理的“Unit3TheComputerandtheInformationAge-grammar教案-”,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。

Unit3TheComputerandtheInformationAge-grammar教案

动词时态

一、经过前几个单元的学习,到这个单元为止,时态已经学完。按照要求,学生需要掌握下列几个重要时态。

1、一般现在时。

1》概念其基本意义在于表示发生在包括讲话时间在内的动作或状态。

2》理解:本时态主要关注动作的经常性,强调动作表现的事实,或者是真理,而且和现在有关。

〈1〉表示客观真理,科学事实,格言,及其它各种不受时间限制的客观存在状况。

如:Lighttravelsfasterthansound

Actionspeakslouderthanwords

2表示经常性或习惯性的动作。

如;Ourartteacherpractisespaintingtwiceaday.

Tomoftenregularlydropinontheprofessor.

3表示现在的特征或状态。

如:Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.

Tomseldomrisesatsix.

4有when/while/until/before/assoonas/if/evenif等引导的时间,条件,或让步壮语从句中,常用一般现在时。

如:whenwegetthere,wellcallyou.

Noonecangothroughwiththetaskontimeifitrains.

IllnotattendherbirthdaypartyevenifIaminvited.

5在新闻标题,小说,戏剧,电影,图片等说明中,也经常用一般现在时。

如:TheDelegationofChinagetsawarmwelcomeinRussia.

Thestoryisaboutafamily---.Thehusbandcomeshomefromhisofficeandtellsthewifethathehasinvitedafriendtodinner.

3》标志:often/always/usually/seldom./never..对上述壮语提问时,常用howoften...?肯定句中,动词用第三人称单数形式。

如:

---Howoftendoeshevisittheoldman?

—---Never.

2.一般过去时

1》概念本时态主要是表示过去的时间内发生的动词作或者是状态。

2》理解强调过去动作的一次性和习惯性。

1表示过去特定时间的一次完成的动作。

如:Theoldprofessorsteppedintotheclassroom,openedthebook,andbegantoread.

WewenttoBeijingandvisitedHeavenTemple.

2用它表示习惯性动作,往往用一定的时间状语或表示频度的状语。

如:wewenttoschooltogetherwhenwewereboysandsowesaweachothereveryday.

Thereusedtoatempleinthevillage.

在日常会话中,我们也用一般过去时表示现在的时间。这种用法在讲话的口气上表现出婉转,客气的意味。

如:---Didyouwantme?

----Yes,Ihopedyoucouldgivemeahandwiththepainting.

3》警示:除了表示明显的过去时间状语外,还有usedto/would等暗示性词语。

如:whenIwasinLondon,often,Iwouldhaveacupofcoffeeafterwork.

注意:上句中的would不能用usedto代替。这两个词虽然都表示"过去常常",但would常和时间连用,如often,everyday等,而usedto不可以。

3。一般将来时

1》概念表示将来要发生的动作。

2》理解对未来事情的预见性,或者说明意图,打算。

1用will或shall+动词的形式表示对未来事情的预见性,又称为预见性将来时。

如:Tomorrowwillbefine.

Youwillfeelbetteraftertakingthemedicine.

2用begoingtodo表示将来。

用这种形式表示将来主要是说明现在的意图,打算,即表明眼前最近要去做的事情。又称之为近期将来。如:Imgoingtoposttwolettersafterclass./Sheisgoingtohaveauniversitydegree.

如果这种结构用物做主语,也是一种预见,可以用will代替。

如:Itisgoingtorain

Watchout!Thepillofboxesisgoingtofall.

3用be+going表示将来

一般说来,用现在进行时表示将来所用的时间大都是动作动词,不适用于状态动词。用这种结构表示按计划要去做的事或发生的事情。

如:wereinvitingseveralpeopletoaparty.

TheforeignministryiscomingtotheUNthisweek.

Theplaneistakingoffat5:30

一般来说,bedoing/begoingtodo两种结构均可以表示将来,但有些区别。

比较:IamtakingMaryoutfordinnertonight.

IamgoingtotakeMaryoutfordinnertonight.

第一句表示计划已定不能改变,第二句表示打算未定只是一种想法而已。

4用be+todo表示将来时间

这种结构也可以表示按计划,随安排将要去做的事情或将要发生的动作。

如;Theworkersaretoproduce5000carsnextyear.

ThePrimeMinisteristospeakontelevisiontonight.

ThelineistobeopentotrafficonOctober1.

这种结构表示的将要发生的动作一般来说受人们意志控制或支配的。可以互换,但语意上有区别。如:

Wearegoingtoplaybasketballthisafternoon.表示目前的意图

Wearetoplaybasketballthisafternoon.表示计划,安排或受人的支配.

我们可以说:Itsgoingtorain/Theyoungmanisgoingtobefat.

但不能说:Itistorain/Theyoungmanistobefat.

5用一般现在时表示将来。

如:NextChristmasfallsonaTuesday

Thetrainleavesat7:30thisevening.

Theplanetakesoffat6:40.

3》警示 除了上述那些之外,也用beaboutto/beonthepointof/beonthemiddleof/表将来。

如:Themeetingisabouttobegin.

Weareonthepointofgoingout...

但值得注意的是这种形式不和将来的时间用在一起。我们不可以说theyareabouttoleavethisafternoon.

4。进行时

1》概念 表示某时某刻某阶段正在进行的动作。

2》理解 进行的动作包括现在,过去和将来。

一现在进行时

本结构是am/is/are+doing构成的形式。这种时态表示的动作主要与现在时间有关系。有如下的用法。

1表示此刻正在进行或发生的动作 常伴有时间状语。如:now/atpresent/atthemoment

Atpresent,thestaffareholdingameeting.

Wherearetheyhavingthebasketballmatch?

2表示现阶段正在进行的动作。

 Iusuallygetupatseven,butImgettingupatsixeverydaythisweektopreparemylessons.

Selectingamobilephoneisdifficult.Thetechnologyischanging.

3如果和表示频度的时间状语连用,不表示动作的进行,而表示动作的重复性,在语意上带有感情色彩。如:

 Youarecontinuallyfindingfaultwithme.表不满》

Heisalwaysthinkingofhowhecoulddoforthepeople《表赞扬〉

Theoldmanisconstantlycomplainingofhiswatchbeingslow.〈发牢骚〉

〈二〉过去进行时。

本结构是was/were+doing构成的形式。它表示的状态或动作主要和过去的时间有联系,所以往往和表示过去的时间连用。

 〈1〉表示过去某时刻正在进行的动作。如:

Whatwereyoudoingattenlastnight?

WhenIgotupthismorning,itwasrainingoutside.

2 表示过去某阶段中正在进行的动作。如:

 Atthattime,hewasworkinginaPLAunit.

Inthoseyearshewashavingahappylife.

3在叙述故事的背景时,为了使故事的语言更加生动,让读者有身临其境的效果,多用进行时。如:Onemorningthethreesistersweretogetherinthedrawingroom.Marywassewing,Alicewasplayingthepiano,andJanewasdoingnothing,thensuddenlythedooropened...

正如现在进行时一样,过去进行时与表示频度的时间状语连用,也能表示某种情感色彩。

3》警示 进行时还常用在语境中,表示语气的委婉。如:

---Whatareyougoingtodo?

---Imhopingtoinviteyoutodinner.

5.完成时。

1》概念 本时态是表示某动作或某过程在一定时间内处于完成的状态。

2》理解 完成时包括现在完成时和过去完成时态。构成分别为havehasdone/haddone.

一现在完成时。动作在过去发生,持续到现在已经完成,或者是继续持续下去。

 1已经完成的用法。其表明某动作或过程发生在说话前某个不明确的过去时刻,到目前一完成,并对目前造成影响。如:Hehasnotbeentoshanghai/Haveyoufinishedreadingthestory?

本用法常和不确定时间状语连用。如:already/yet/before/recently/lately/just...等

Ihaveseenhimbefore

wehaventbeentherelately

也可以和表示频度的时间状语用在一起。如:ever/never/once---等。

IhaveneverbeentoHongkong.

HaveyouevervisitedtheGreatWall?

2未完成的用法。本用法表示某动作或状态开始于过去某个时刻一直延续到现在,而且还要继续下去,在某种情况下也可能刚刚结束。常和since/for/时间状语连用。如:

Hehasbeeninthearmyfor3years.

Hehaslivedinthebuildingsincehecamehere.

3》警示:如果不过since引导的从句中的动词是延续性的,一般认为,语意上也表明动作或状态的结束。如:

Ihaventheardfromhimsincehelivedthere.

从他离开那儿以来,我一直未收到他的消息。

HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIwasill.

从我病愈以来,他常给我写信。

如果since引导的从句中的谓语动词用了现在完成时,那么表示的动作或状态就不表示完结。如:

Ihaventheardfromhimsincehehaslivedthere.

从我住在那里以来,我一直未收到他的来信。

HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIhavebeenill.

从我生病以来,他常给我写信。

二过去完成时。本时态表示的是动作在过去的过去发生。它也分为“已完成用法”和“未完成用法”。

1已完成用法。表示,当一个动作发生或结束时,在它之前的另一动作已经完成。这种用法既用于动作动词,也用于状态动词。如:

Whenwearrivedthecinema,theticketshavebeensoldout.

Tomflewhome,buthisfatherhadalreadydied.

Iwastoldthattheoldmanhadbeenawayforaweek.

2未完成用法。表明某个动作或状态在过去某个时刻之前一直延续到过去这个时间,而且还可能继续下去。它也使用于动作和状态动词。而且常和By+过去时间或从句 连用。如:

By12,hehadstudiedfor4hours.

Bywegotthere,theyhadendedthemeeting.

Wehadworkedtogetherforalongtimebeforewecametothiscollege.

3警示:在by+过去时间或从句的结构中,如果主句动词是动作动词,用过去完成时,如果是状态动词,用一般过去时。比较:

 Bytheendoflastyear,hewas12.

Bytheendoflastyear,hehadlearned300Englishwords.

另外,在---hardly---when/---nosooner---than---的句中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。而且,如果hardly./nosooner提前,主句需要部分倒装。如: 

IhadhardlyrecoganizedhimwhenIsawhim.

HardlyhadIrecoganizedhimwhenIsawhim.