2016中考英语知识点梳理:主谓一致讲解。
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2016中考英语知识点梳理:主谓一致讲解
1.语法一致的原则
2.意义一致的原则
3.邻近一致的原则
谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓
一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1.语法一致的原则
(1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:
Hegoestoschoolearlyeverymorning.Jab88.cOm
Thechildrenareplayingoutside.
Toworkhardisnecessaryforastudent.
(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:
BothheandIareright.
MrBlackandMrsBlackhaveasoncalledTom.
但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:
Histeacherandfriendisabeautifulgirl.
Thepoetandwriterhascome.
(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.
Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtohelp.
(4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有but,except,besides,with等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如:
Theteacherwithhisstudentsisgoingtovisitthemuseum.
Nobodybuttwoboyswaslateforclass.
Breadandbutterisadailyfoodinthewest.
(5)一些只有复数形式的名词,如people,police,cattle,clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如:
Alotofpeoplearedancingoutside.
Thepolicearelookingforlostboy.
(6)由each,some,any,no,every构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。例如:
Iseverybodyready?
Somebodyisusingthephone.
(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:
Wherearemyshoes?Ican’tfindthem.
Yourtrousersaredirty.You’dbetterchangethem.
如果这类名词前用了apairof等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如:
Herearesomenewpairsofshoes.
Mynewpairofsocksisonthebed.
2.意义一致的原则
(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:
Twentyyearsisnotalongtime.
Tendollarsistoodear.
(2)有些集合名词,如family,team等作主语时,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员,则用复数。例如:
Myfamilyisbigone.
MyfamilyarewatchingTV.
(3)不定代词由all,most,more,some,any,none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。例如:
Alloftheworkhasbeenfinished.
Allofthepeoplehavegone.
(4)疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。例如:
Whoisyourbrother?
WhoareLeaguemembers?
(5)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时,其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数:名词是单数,谓语动词用单数。例如:
Itissaidthat35percentofthedoctorsarewomen.
Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.
(6)half,therest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时,如果所指为复数意义,动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。例如:
Ihavereadalargepartofthebook,therestismoredifficult.
Onlytenstudentsattendedtheclassbecausealltherestwereoffsick.
(7)由what引导地主于从句作主语时,通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
Whatshesaidiscorrect.
Whatsheleftmeareafewoldbooks.
(8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语,往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.
Thedeadisafamousperson.
3.邻近一致的原则
(1)由连词or,either……or,neither……nor,notonly…butalso,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。例如:
EitheryouorIamright.
Neitherthechildrennortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit.
(2)在“Therebe”句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
Therearetwoapplesandoneegginit.
(3)aswellas和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。
HeaswellasIisresponsibleforit.
不但是我,他对这件事也有责任。
(4)以here开头的句子,其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
Hereisaletterandsomebooksforyou.
相关知识
2016中考英语知识点梳理:交际用语讲解
2016中考英语知识点梳理:交际用语讲解
初中阶段要掌握的30个日常交际项目是:
1.问候Greetings
a.Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.
Hello/Hi.
Howareyou?
b.Fine,thankyou,Andyou?
Verywell,thankyou.
2.介绍Introductions
a.ThisisMr/Mrs/Miss/Comrade….
b.Howdoyoudo?
Nice/Gladtosee/meetyou.
c.Mynameis….
I’mastudent/workeretc.(here).
3.告别Farewells
a.Ithinkit’stimefortoleavenow.
b.Goodbye!(Bye-bye!Bye!)
Seeyoulater/tomorrow.(Seeyou.)
Goodnight.
4.打电话Makingtelephonecalls
a.Hello!MayIspeakto…?
Isthat…(speaking)?
b.Holdon,please.
He/Sheisn’thererightnow.
CanItakeamessageforyou?
c.Icalledtotell/askyou…
d.Goodbye.
5.感谢和应答Thanksandresponses
a.Thankyou(verymuch).
Thanksalot.
Manythanks.
Thanksfor…
b.Notatall.
That’sallright.
You’rewelcome.
6.祝愿,祝贺和应答Goodwishes,congratulations,responses
a.Goodluck!
Bestwishestoyou.
Haveanice/goodtime.
Congratulations!
c.Thankyou.
d.HappyNewYear!
MerryChristmas!
Happybirthdaytoyou.
e.Thesametoyou.
7.意愿Intentions
I’mgoingto…
Iwill...
I’dliketo…
Iwant/hopeto…
8.道歉和应答Apologiesandresponses
a.I’msorry.(Sorry.)
I’msorryfor/about…
Excuseme.
b.That’sallright.
Itdoesn’tmatter.
That’snothing.
9.遗憾和同情Regretsandsympathy
Whatapity!
I’msorrytohear…
10.邀请和应答Invitationsandresponses
a.Willyoucometo…?
Wouldyouliketo…?
b.Yes,I’dloveto…
Yes,it’sverykind/niceofyou.
c.I’dloveto,but…
11.提供(帮助等)和应答Offersandresponses
a.CanIhelpyou?
WhatcanIdoforyou?
Here,takethis/my…
Letme…foryou.
Wouldyoulikesome…?
b.Thanks.Thatwouldbenice/fine.
Thankyouforyourhelp.
Yes,please.
c.No,thanks/thankyou.
That’sverykindofyou,but…
12.请求允许和应答Askingforpermissionandresponses
a.MayI…?
Can/CouldI…?
b.Yes/Certainly.
Yes,doplease.
Ofcourse(youmay).
That’sOk/allright.
c.I’msorry,but…
You’dbetternot.
13.表示同意和不同意Expressingagreementanddisagreement
a.Certainly/Sure/Ofcourse.
Yes,please.
Yes,Ithinkso.
b.That’strue/OK.
That’sagoodidea.
Iagree(withyou).
c.No,Idon’tthinkso.
I’mafraidnot.
Ireallycan’tagreewithyou.
14.表示肯定和不肯定Expressingcertaintyanduncertainty
a.I’msure.
I’msure(that)…
b.I’mnotsure.
I’mnotsurewhether/if…
c.Maybe/Perhaps
15.喜好和厌恶Likesanddislikes
a.Ilike/love…(verymuch).
Ilike/loveto…
b.Idon’tlike(to)…
Ihate(to)…
16.谈论天气Talkingabouttheweather
a.What’stheweatherliketoday?
How’stheweatherin…?
b.It’sfine/cloudy/windy/rainy,etc.
It’sratherwarm/cold/hot/etc.today,isn’tit?
17.购物Shopping
a.WhatcanIdoforyou?
May/CanIhelpyou?
b.Iwant/I’dlike…
Howmuchisit?
That’stoomuch/expensive,I’mafraid.
That’sfine.I’lltakeit.
Letmehave…kilo/box,etc.
c.Howmany/muchdoyouwant?
Whatcolour/size/kinddoyouwant?
d.Doyouhaveanyotherkind/size/colour,etc.?
18.问路和应答Askingthewayandresponses
a.Excuseme.Where’sthemen’s/ladies’room?
Excuseme,canyoutellmethewayto…?
HowcanIgetto…?Idon’tknowtheway.
b.Godownthisstreet.
Turnright/leftatthefirst/secondcrossing.
It’sabout…metresfromhere.
19.问时间或日期和应答Askingthetimeordateandresponses
a.Whatdayis(it)today?
What’sthedatetoday?
Whattimeisit?
What’sthetime,please?
b.It’sMonday/Tuesday,etc.
It’sJanuary10th.
It’sfiveo,clock/halfpastfive/aquartertofive/fivethirty,etc.
It’stimefor…
20.请求Requests
a.Can/Couldyou…forme?
Will/wouldyouplease…?
MayIhave…?
b.Pleasegive/passme…
Pleasewait(here/amoment).
Pleasewaitforyourturn.
Pleasestandinline/lineup.
Pleasehurry.
c.Don’trush/crowd.
Nonoise,please.
Nosmoking,please.
21.劝告和建议Adviceandsuggestions
a.You’dbetter…
Youshould…
Youneed(to)…
b.Shallwe…?
Let’s…
What/Howabout…?
22.禁止和警告Prohibitionandwarnings
a.Youcan’t/mustn’t…
Ifyou…,you’ll…
b.Takecare!
Becareful!
Lookout!
23.表示感情Expressingcertainemotions
a.喜悦Pleasure,joy
I’mglad/pleased/happyto…
That’snice.
That’swonderful/great.
b.焦虑Anxiety
What’swrong?
What’sthematter(withyou)?
I’m/He’s/She’sworried.
Oh,whatshallI/wedo?
c.惊奇Surprise
Really?
Ohdear?
Isthatso?
24.就餐Takingmeals
a.Whatwouldyouliketohave?
Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat/drink?
b.I’dlike…
Wouldyoulikesomemore…?
Helpyourselftosome…
c.Thankyou.I’vehadenough/Justalittle,please.
25.约会Makingappointments
a.Areyoufreethisafternoon/evening?
Howabouttomorrowmorning/afternoon/evening?
Shallwemeetat4:30at…?
b.Yes,that’sallright.
Yes,I’llbefreethen.
c.No,Iwon’tbefreethen.ButI’llbefree…
a.Allright.Seeyouthen.
26.传递信息Passingonamessage
a.Willyoupleasegivethisnote/messageto…?
b.askedmetogiveyouthisnote.
c.Thanksforthemessage.
27.看病Seeingthedoctor
a.There’ssomethingwrongwith…
I’vegotacough.
Ifeelterrible(bad).
Idon’tfeelwell.
I’vegotapainhere.
Thisplacehurts.
b.Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.
Drinkplentyofwaterandhaveagoodrest.
It’snothingserious.
You’llberight/wellsoon.
28.求救Callingforhelp
a.Help!
b.What’sthematter?
29.语言困难Languagedifficulties
Pardon.
Pleasesaythatagain/moreslowly.
Whatdoyoumeanby…?
I’msorryIcan’tfollowyou.
I’msorryIknowonlyalittleEnglish.
30.常见的标志和说明Somecommonsignsandinstructions
BUSINESSHOURSFRAGILE
OFFICEHOURSTHISSIDEUP
OPENMENU
CLOSEDNOSMOKING
PULLNOPARKING
PUSHNOPHOTOS
ONDANGER!
OFFPLAY
ENTRANCESTOP
EXITPAUSE
INSTRUCTIONS
同学们在中考复习时,首先应熟记教材第一至三册中出现的常用交际用语和习惯表达法。重点掌握问路、打电话、购物、看病、就餐和谈论天气等六种情景中的表达方法。明确学习交际用语的目的是为了培养与讲英语人士进行口头交际的能力。学习日常交际用语,要了解西方的风土人情,必须记住一些典型的日常交际用语;要明确谈话的场合和对象,因为在许多交际场合,怎么问和怎么答都有一些约定俗成的语言;要注意中西文化传统和背景的不同,使用得体的语言。因此,同学们必须熟悉这些套话,熟练地掌握它们。这样才能结合自己所处的环境,知道在什么时候、什么地方、用什么方式、对什么人使用恰当的语言表达出自己的意思,给予正确的应答,还要能自如应付各种形式的测试,如单项选择、对号入座、补全对话及排列顺序等。
做这类题目的思路和方法归纳起来有以下九点:
1.要根据不同的情景,使用不同的表达法。
2.要正确判断出对话的情景。
3.问话或答语不能离题。
4.用筛选法选择正确对话。
5.从语意进行判断。
6.根据习惯用法进行选择。
7.答语要符合西方人的文化、风俗和习惯。
8.要使用文明礼貌的语言。
9.要遵照口语交际特点,不要死套语法规则。
2019年中考英语语法知识点:主谓一致问题
每个老师为了上好课需要写教案课件,又到了写教案课件的时候了。只有规划好教案课件工作计划,才能更好地安排接下来的工作!你们会写多少教案课件范文呢?小编特地为大家精心收集和整理了“2019年中考英语语法知识点:主谓一致问题”,希望对您的工作和生活有所帮助。
2019年中考英语语法知识点:主谓一致问题
1、主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即:主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式:如:
Thecomputerwasagreatinvention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)
Thewaterintheglassisverycold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)
2、集体名词(如family,class,team,group,row,police,school等)做句子主语时,
①如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如:
ClassThreeisaverygoodclass.(三班是好班)
②如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如:
ClassThreehaveamapofChina.(三班有张中国地图)
3、Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如:
Thereisasheepintheyard.(院子里有只绵羊)
Therearesomesheepintheyard.(院子里有一些绵羊)
4、maths,news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数:
Thenewsisveryexciting.(这个消息令人兴奋)
5、glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如:
ThetrousersareverycheapandIwanttotakethem.(裤子很便宜,我想买)
6、alotof后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如:
Alotofstudentsareplayingbaseballnow.(现在有许多学生在打垒球)
Alotoftimewaswastedonthatwork.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)
7、and连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如:
Theteacherandhissonarepickingapplesnow.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果)
Fishandchipsisveryfamousfood.(鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)
8、therebe句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如:
Thereisatableandfourchairsintheroom.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)
9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如:
BothyouandIarerequiredtobeheretomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)
10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如:
Awomanwitha7-year-oldchildwasstandingatthesideoftheroad.(一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)
11、either…or…或者neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如:
Eitheryouorheisright.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的)
NeitheryounorIamgoingthere.(你和我都不打算去那里)
12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如:
Twomonthsisnotashorttime.(两个月不是个短时间)
Twothousandkilometersisquitealongdistance(距离)。(两千千米是相当长的一段距离)
13、主语中含有halfof…/threequartersof…/all(of)the…等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如:
OverthreequartersoftheinformationontheInternetisinEnglish.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的)
Athirdofthestudentswereplayingnearthelake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍)
Allofthewaterintheserivershasbeenpolluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句)
但是,population一词又有特殊情况:
WhatsthepopulationofChina?(中国人口是多少?)(句子用单数)
ThreequartersofthepopulationinthiscityareArabs(阿拉伯人)。(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用复数)
2016中考英语知识点梳理:短语动词和句型的讲解
2016中考英语知识点梳理:短语动词和句型的讲解
1.短语动词的辨析;
2.英语句子的基本句型结构;
3.初中阶段主要句型的用法。
短语动词是中考的重要内容之一。在初中阶段,我们已经学习了不少短语
动词,把他们加以归纳总结,进行重点复习是十分必要的。英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。
1.短语动词的分类
(1)动词+介词
常见的有lookfor,lookafter,askfor,laughat,hearof等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如:
Don’tlaughatothers.
Tomaskedhisparentsforabike.
(2)动词+副词
常见的有giveup,pickup,thinkover,findout,handin,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。如:
You’llhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.
Pleasedon’tforgettohanditin.
(3)动词+副词+介词
常见的有goonwith,catchupwith等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:
GoonandI’llcatchupwithyouinfiveminutes.
Afterashortrest,hewentonwithhisresearchwork.
(4)动词+名词+介词
常见的有takecareof,makeuseof,payattentionto,makefunof等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:
Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting.
Weshouldmakefulluseofourtime.
(5)动词+形容词
常见的有leaveopen,setfree,cutopen等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边。如:
Theprisonersweresetfree.
Hecutitopen.
(6)动词+名词
常见的有takeplace,makefriends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如:
Thisstorytookplacethreeyearsago.
Imakefriendswithalotofpeople.
2.短语动词的辨析
(1)bemadein(在……生产或制造),bemadeof(由……组成或构成)
(2)comedown(下来;落),comealong(来;随同),cometooneself(苏醒),cometrue(实现),comeout(花开;发芽;出现;出来),comeover(过来;顺便来访),comein(进来),comeon(来吧;跟着来;赶快),comeupwith(找到;提出)
(3)doone’sbest(尽最大努力),dowellin(在……干得好),doone’shomework(做作业),dosomereading(阅读)
(4)fallasleep(入睡),fallbehind(落在…..后面),falloff(从……掉下),falldown(到下;跌倒)
(5)getdown(下来;落下),geton(上车),getto(到达),getup(起床),getback(回来;取回),getoff(下来),getonwellwith(与……相处融洽),getmarried(结婚),gettogether(相聚)
(6)giveup(放弃),give…ahand(给与……帮助),giveaconcert(开音乐会)
(7)goback(回去),goon(继续),gohome(回家),gotobed(睡觉),goover(过一遍;仔细检查),goout(外出;到外面),gowrong(走错路),goondoing(继续做某事),goshopping(买东西),goboating(去划船),gofishing(去钓鱼),gohiking(去徒步旅行),goskating(去滑冰),gostraightalong(沿着……一直往前走)
(8)havealook(看一看),haveaseat(坐下),havesupper(吃晚餐),havearest(休息),havesports(进行体育活动),haveacold(感冒),haveacough(咳嗽),haveagoodtime(过得愉快),haveaheadache(头痛),haveatry(尝
试;努力)
(9)lookfor(寻找),lookout(留神;注意),lookover(仔细检查),lookup(向上看;抬头看),lookafter(照顾;照看),lookat(看;观看),looklike(看起来像),lookthesame(看起来像),
(10)makefriends(交朋友),makephonecalls(打电话),makemoney(赚钱),makethebed(整理床铺),makeanoise(吵闹),makeafaces(做鬼脸),makeone’swayto(往……走去),makeroomfor(给……腾出地方),makeadecision(做出决定),makeamistake(犯错误),makeupone’smind(下决心)
(11)puton(上演;穿上;戴上),putup(挂起;举起),putdown(把某物放下来),putaway(把某物收起来),putoff(推迟)
(12)takeoff(脱掉衣服),takephotos(照相),taketime(花费时间),takeout(取出),takeaseat(坐下),takeanactivepartin(积极参加),takecareof(照顾;照料;注意),takeexercise(做运动),takeone’splace(坐某人的位置;代替某人的职务),taketurn(轮流)
(13)talkabout(谈话;交谈),talkwith(和……交谈)
(14)turnon(打开电灯,收音机,煤气,自来水等),turnoff(关上电灯,收音机,煤气,自来水等),turndown(关小;调低),turn…over(把…..翻过来)
(15)thinkof(认为;想起),thinkabout(考虑)
3.句子的基本句型结构
根据句子所用动词的不同,句子可归纳为五个基本句型。
(1)主语+连系动词+表语。例如:
Mymotherisadoctor.
Hervoicesoundsnice.
(2)主语+不及物动词。例如:
Herunsfast.
Westudyhard.
(3)主语+及物动词+宾语。例如:
Childrenoftensingthissong.
HestudiesEnglish.
1)常用-ing形式,而不用不定式作宾语的动词有:enjoy,finish,feellike,consider,practise,keep,suggest,mind等。例如:
Sheenjoysreadingnovelsandswimming.
Ifinishedreadingthebooklastnight.
2)常用不定式,而不用-ing形式作宾语的动词有:wish,hope,agree,plan,decide,refuse等。例如:
Wheredowishtosit?
Tomagreedtolendsomemoney.
3)有些及物动词既可用不定式,由可用-ing形式作宾语,但意义不同。这类动词常见的有:remember,forget等。例如:
Pleaseremembertoposttheletterforme.
请记住替我发了这封信。
Irememberpostingtheletter.
我记得那封信寄过了。
Stop的用法同上面的词相仿,不过stop后面跟不定式不是作宾语,而是作状语。试比较下列句子:
Hestoppedtosmoke.他停下来吸烟。
Hestoppedsmoking.他停止吸烟了。
4)有些及物动词的宾语,既可用不定式,又可用-ing形式,意义基本相同。这类动词常见的有:like,love,hate,begin,start,continue等。例如:
Iliketoswiminsummer.
Ilikeswimminginsummer.
(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。例如:
Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.
Hegavemeanapple.
1)及物动词之后跟有双宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物。指人的为间接宾语,
指物的为直接宾语。一般情况下,间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。如果要
把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,间接宾语前需加介词。例如:
Pleasepassmeacupoftea.=Pleasepassacupofteatome.
Showmeyournewbook,please.=Pleaseshowyournewbooktome.
2)把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,间接宾前有时加介词to,有时加介词for,这主要取决于谓语动词。一般在动词give,tell,sell,lend,show之后加to。在动词buy,make,get等之后加for。例如:
Wouldyoulendmeyourdictionary,please?=Wouldyoulendyourdictionarytome,please?
Tom’smotherboughthimapairofnewshoes.=Tom’smotherboughtapairofnewshoesforhim.
(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。例如:
Wekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
Ihearsomeonesinginginthenextroom.
1)及物动词指后跟有复合宾语,一个是宾语,一个是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。例如:
WecallhimJack.
Don’tgetyourhandsdirty.
2)在及物动词之后,用不定式作宾语补足语和用-ing形式作宾语补足语表示
的意思往往不同。用不定式作宾语补足语指事情的全过程;用-ing形式作
宾语补足语指正在进行的动作的一部分。例如:
Iheardhimsingthatsong.(我听他唱过那首歌。)
WhenIcameback,Iheardhimsingingintheroom.
(我回来时,听见他正在房间里唱歌。)
3)在感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,listento,lookat使役动词let,make,have等的复合宾语种,不定式须省去to。但变为被动句时,省去的to要加上。例如:
Isawhimgointotheroom.
Hewasseentogointotheroom.
4.初中阶段主要句型的用法。
1.Itstimeto(for)....表“时间到了;该干…的时间了”之意。
Itstimetogohome.
Itstimeforschool.
注意:to的后面接动词短语,而for的后面接名词。
2.Itsbad(good)for...表示“对…有害(有益)的”含义。
Pleasedontsmoke.Itsbadforyourhealth.
Pleasetakemoreexercise.Itsgoodforyourhealth.
3.belatefor(school)是“上学(迟到)”之意。for后面还可以接meeting或class。
Hewaslateforschoolthismorning.
Dontbelateforclass,please.
4.hadbetterdo/notdosth.表示“最好做/不做某事”之意。
Youhadbetterputonthecoatwhenyougoout.Itscoldoutside.
Wehadbetterstoptohavearest.
注意:用hadbetter时,后面一定要直接跟动词原形,决不能加todosth.否定一定用在第二个动词之前,是动词不定式的否定式。
5.be(feel)afraidof...表示“恐怕”,“害怕…”之意。
Heisafraidofsnakes.
Maryfeelsafraidofgoingoutalone.
6.enjoydoingsth.是“喜欢(爱好)做某事”之意,doing是动名词作动词enjoy的宾语。enjoy有欣赏之意。
AreyouenjoylivinginBeijing?
Doyouenjoylisteningtomusic?
7.stopdoingsth.停止做某事
stoptodosth.停下来做某事
Itstimeforclass.Stoptalking,please.
Whenshesawme,shestoppedtotalkwithme.
8.Let(make)sb.do让(使)某人做某事。
Letsgotoschool.
Fathermadehissoncleantheroomagain.
注意:当makesb.dosth.用于被动语态时,第二个动词前面就一定要加to了。如:
Hissonwasmadetocleantheroomagain.
hewasmadetoworktwelvehoursadayinthepast.
9.liketodo/likedoingsth.是“喜欢做某事”之意。
liketodosth.是表示比较具体的喜欢做某事;likedoingsth.是表示宠统的喜欢做某事。如:
Iliketoswimintheswimmingpool.
我喜欢在游泳池中游泳。(喜欢的具体的地方游泳)
Ilikeswimming.我喜欢游泳(只讲喜欢这项运动)
10.ask(tell)sb.todo.(nottodo)sth.请(让)某人(不)做某事
Jimaskedhismothertohelphimwithhislessons.
Whendidyoutellhimnottoshoutloudly?
11.give(lend)sb.sth.=give(lend)sth.tosb.给(借给)某人某物
Mikegavemeanewpairofstockings.
Pleaselendusyourcar.
12.bebusydoingsth.表示“忙于做某事”之意。
Thestudentsarebusygettingreadyfortheexams.
IsMrsBlackbusywashingclothes?
13.too...to...表示“太…以致不能…”的含义。
Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.
Theoldmanwastootiredtowalkfarther.
14.not……until……是“直……才……”之意。
Mydaughterdidntgotobeduntil11oclocklastnight.
Wewonthavetimetorestuntilthesummerholidaycomes.
15.so……that是“如此……以致……”的意思。
Peterissocleverthatalltheteacherslikehimverymuch.
Thesongissowonderfulthateveryonelikestolistentoit.
16.neither……nor……是“既不……也不……”之意。
Mr.Smithisneitheraworkernorasoldier.Heisascientist.
NeitheryounorIamfree.
17.enoughtodosth.是“足以去做某事”之意。
Sheisoldenoughtogotoschool.
Peterwastallenoughtoreachtheapple.
19.prefer……to……是“比起来,还是……好,”“喜欢……而不喜欢”之意。
IpreferEnglishtomaths=IlikeEnglishbetterthanmaths
Heprefersplayingfootballtoplayingbasketball.
20.not……atall……是“根本不……”之意。
IdontknowMr.Kingatall.
Daviddoesntlikesingingatall.
21.keepsb.doingsth.是“使某人继续做某事”之意。
Mr.Wangdidntcometoschoolontime.Shekeptmewaitingfortwohours.
DontkeepyourmotherdoingeverythingforyouYoushoulddoitbyyourself.
22.keepsth.+adj.是“保持某物处于某种状况”之意。
Pleasekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
Thatwoolsweaterkeptherbodywarmenough.
23.seesb.doingsth.表示“看见某人正在做某事”之意。
Whenmybrotherpassedthepostoffice,hesawalittleboycryingatthedoor.
Didyouseeacarcominghere?
24.seesb.dosth.是“看见某人做了某事”之意。
Thatgirlsawanoldwomanfalldownontheroadyesterday.
Haveyouseentheleavesdropintotheriver?
25.hearsb.doingsth.是“听到某人正在做某事”之意。
Listen!Canyouhearsomeonesingingonthehill?
WeheardhimtalkingwithMr.Liloudlyjustnow.
26.hearsb.dosth.表示“听见某人做了某事”之意。
Hewasoftenheardtosinginhisroominthepast.
Whydidntyouhearmecomeintothesittingrom?
27.beusedfordoingsth.是“被用来做某事”的意思。
Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.
Teapotisusedforkeepingteawarm.
28.Itsthreemetreslong/high/wide.它是三米长(高、宽)形容词要放在后面作后置定语。句型是It/主语+be+数词+米/公里+形容词。
Hisfatherisoneandseventymetrestall.
Thatriverisfiftymetreswide.
29.Whatswrongwith......?/Whatstheproblemwith......?/Whatsthetroublewith......?/Whatsthematter?表示“出了什么毛病?”“…哪儿不舒服?”“怎么啦?”的含义。
Whatswrongwithyourcar?
Whatswrongwithyou,littlegirl?
Whatsthematterwithyourwatch?
30.Wouldyoulike(todo)......?是“你想要…吗?”的意思。like后面可以接名词,词组或动词不定式。提出一种建议或邀请。
Wouldyoulikesomefish?
Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithme?
31.Willyoupleasedosth?是“你想要做……吗?”
Willyoupleasesayitmoreslowly?
Willyoupleasenotopenthewindow?Ifeelcold.
32.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.是“做某事花费某人一段时间”之意。可以用于一般现在时,一般过去式和一般将来时态。
Itwilltakeustwohourstogooverallthewordsandexpressions.
IttookMrWanghalfanhourtocleanthebedroom.
33.Idlikesb.todosth.是“我希望某人来做某事”之意。
Idlikemyfriendtohelpmewithmylessons.
HedlikeJimtoteachhimhowtousethecomputer.
34.Theressth.wrongwith......是“某物/人出了问题”,“某物/人有了毛病”之意。
ThereissomethingwrongtheTVset.=SomethingiswrongwiththeTVset.
Theremustbesomethingwrongwiththecar.Itdoesntmove.
35.Idontthinkthat+clause是“我想…不会…”“我认为…不…”之意。
Idontthinkthatanyofthequestionsisdifficult.
Wedontthinkhewillhavetimetomorrow.
36.Whatabout......?表示征求意见,询问消息,是“…好不好?”“…怎么样?”之意。
Whataboutsometea?
Whataboutyourmother?Issheallright?
37.Whynotdo...?是表示建议,“为什么不……?”之意。
Whynothavearest?Youhavealreadyworkedforfourhours.
Whynotcometoplaygameswithus?=Whydontyoucometoplaygameswithus?
38.Whatdoyoumeanby......?是“请问…是什么意思?”之意。
Whatdoyoumeanby"scientist",please?
Whatdoyoumeanby"manager",please?
可以说Whatisthemeaningof"manager"?或Whatdoesthe"manager"mean?
39.Youlikesingingverymuch.SodoI.你非常喜欢唱歌。我也非常喜欢。
SodoI.=Ilikesingingverymuch,too.
So在句型"so+be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语中"有“也”,“同样”的意思,表示前面所说的情况,也适合于另一个人(或物)。
Hesawtheaccident,andsodidI.
Shecanrideahorse,andsocanI.
40.ItseasyforhimtolearnEnglishwell.学好英语对他来说很容易。
Its+adj.+forsb.+todosth.是“对某人来说做某事怎么样”之意。It是代词作形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式(或短语),为避免句子头重脚轻而将主语放在了后面。
Itisdangerousforchildrentoplayinthestreet.
Itwaseasyforhertotidyherroomjustnow.