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高中英语定语从句教案

发表时间:2020-11-14

高二英语——名词性从句精讲精练。

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一、教学内容
寒假专题:名词性从句精讲精练
名词往往在句中充当主语,宾语,表语和同位语。
在复合句中,代替名词充当主语,宾语,表语和同位语的句子统称为名词性从句。
名词性从句分为:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。

(一)引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为五类:
a.连词:that(无任何词意,不作成分,只起连接作用,宾语从句中常可省略)
1)Myhopeisthatshewillsoonbewellagain.(表语从句)
我的希望是她能很快康复。
2)Everybodyhopesthatshewillsoonbewellagain.(宾语从句)
大家都希望她能很快康复。
3)Thatshewillsoonbewellagainisourhope.(主语从句)
她能很快康复是我们的希望。
b.whether,if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性,不作成分)
1)Whetherheiscomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.(主语从句,不能用if)
2)Iwentinandaskedif/whethertheyhadacheapsuit.
3)Iwonderwhether/ifhewillcomeinsuchbadweather.
c.连接代词:what,whatever,which,whichever,(在从句中作主语,宾语,表语,指物)
1)____heneedismoretime.
显然,主语从句:he是主语,谓语动词need缺宾语,因此应填what.
2)Tellus___yousawandheardduringyourvisittothatuniversity.
3)Thisisnot___Iwant.
4)____somepeopleareagainstis___otherpeoplearefor.
5)Thequestioniswhichteamwillwin.
6)Ihavetwoapples,Idon’tknowwhichyouwant.
归纳:what一般用于不知道内容或范围的句子;which“哪一个……”一般用于给出内容或范围的句子。可作主语,宾语,表语,还可作定语。
d.who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose(在从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语,指人)
1)Whowillgiveusalectureisunknown.
2)Thequestioniswhowillcomehere.
e.连接副词:when,where,how,why,whenever,however,wherever(在从句中作状语)
1)Ihavenoideahowhelearnedaboutit.
2)Whereshehasgoneisnotknownyet.
3)Whenhewillstartisnotknownyet.
4)Thisiswhyheislate.
注意:连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。

(二)具体分类
一)主语从句
在复合句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。
1)Thatyouareleavingisapity.
你要走,真遗憾。
2)Whetherthefootballgamewillbeplayeddependsontheweather.
足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定。
3)Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.
他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
4)Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.
谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
5)WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.
英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
6)Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.
我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:
(1)It+be+名词+that从句
①It’sapitythatwecan’tgo.
很遗憾我们不能去。
②ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.
英语正在被人们接受为国际语言,这是事实。
③Itisnowonderthatheisnothungry;hehasbeeneatingsweetsallday.
难怪他不饿,他整天在吃糖果。
(2)It+be+形容词+that从句
①Itiscertainthatshewilldowellintheexam.
毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
②Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.
很可能他把一切都告诉她了。
③Isittruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecture.
下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗?
(3)It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句
①ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.
据说格林先生已经到了北京。
②ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.
据报道中国又成功地将一颗人造地球卫星发射进入轨道。
(4)It+不及物动词+that从句
①ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.
爱丽丝似乎不来参加晚会。
②IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.
碰巧那天我外出了。
(5)其他情况
①Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.
她是否来无关紧要。
②Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.
我们在哪里开会毫无区别。
③Itsuddenlyoccurredtoherthatshehadforgottentolockthedoor.
她突然想到,她忘记锁门了。
另注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”,常用的句型有:
a.Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,funny,surprisingetc.)that…
Itisimportantandnecessarythatwe(should)keepthebalanceofnature.
我们要维持生态平衡,这很重要而且是必不可少的。
b.Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that…
Itisapitythatyou(should)misssuchagoodchance.
真遗憾你竟然失去这么好的机会。
c.Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…
It’ssuggestedthatwe(should)dotheexperimentasecondtime.
有人建议我们再做一次实验。

Exercises:
1.____ispowerisafamoussayingknowntousall.
A.WhatknowledgeB.Howknowledge
C.ThatknowledgeD.Whereknowledge
2.___wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan___wehave.
A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what
3.___troublesmeis___Ican’tlearnalltheseEnglishidiomsbyheart.
A.That,thatB.What,whatC,That,whatD.What,that
4.___youneedtoimproveyourlisteningismorepractice.
A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.How
5.Yourskirtisreallysplendid,but___weactuallyneedisnotaskirtbutanewpairofshoes.
A.thatB.whatC.whetherD.how
6.___shecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.
A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;because
答案:1.C2.A3.D4.B5.B6.A

二)表语从句
在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。其基本结构为:主语+系动词+that从句。
表语从句位于连系动词后,可接表语从句的连系动词有:be,look,seem,sound,appear,remain等。
1)Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.
事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
2)That’sjustwhatIwant.
那正是我想要的。
3)Thequestioniswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.
问题是他们能否帮我们。
whether可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
4)Thisiswhereourproblemlies.
这就是我们的问题所在。
5)Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.
那就是他不到会的原因。
asif/asthough也可以用在连系动词后,引导表语从句。
1)Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.
看上去天要下雨了。
2)Atthattime,itseemsasifIcouldn’tthinkoftherightwordanyhow.
当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
注意:当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如:
Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.
because,why引导的表语从句
1)That’sbecausehedidn’tunderstandme.
那是因为他没有理解我。(That’sbecause...强调原因)
2)That’swhyhegotangrywithme.
那正是他对我生气的原因。(That’swhy...强调结果)
使用虚拟语气的表语从句
在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句,谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示,should可以省略。常见的词有:advice,suggestion,order,proposal等。
1)Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
2)Hisproposalwasthatthey(should)challengetheotherclassestoafriendlycompetition.
他的提议是挑战别的班级进行一场友谊竞赛。
1.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s___youleftit.
A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere
2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
—Isthat___youhadafewdaysoff?
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where
3.—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?
—Oh,that’s___.
A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedabout
C.howIfeelD.whenIfeelexcited
4.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.___Igotwetenough.
A.It’showB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.It’sthereason
5.___makeshismothersurprisedwas___TomSmithshouldhavebeenfooledbysuchasimpletrick.
A.What;thatB.What;becauseC.That;whatD.That;because
6.___madememoresurprisedwas___thepickpocketaskedmyfriendtolendhimsomemoneyandheagreed.
A.What;thatB.That;thatC.What;whetherD.It;that
7.Seetheflagonthetopofthebuilding?Thatwas___wedidthismorning.
A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what
8.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis___Idisagree.
A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how
答案:1.B2.A3.A4.B5.A6.A7.D8.B

三)同位语从句
(1)同位语从句用于对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,但也可以由连接代词whether和连接副词引导。
1)Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.
对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。
2)Wehaven’tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.
到哪去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有解决。
3)Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasn’tbeendiscussed.
我们是否要更多的时间来做这项工作,这个问题还未解决。
(2)可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:
1)Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.
我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
2)Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.
我们是否该继续做这项实验,这个问题已经解决了。
3)Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.
我不知道他什么时候回家。
注意:当含有同位语从句的主句的谓语部分过短时,可以把谓语动词提前,使同位语从句与名词隔开,以避免头重脚轻的现象。
1)ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.
他想到的是玛丽可能生病了。
2)WordcamethatMr.Presidentwouldcomeandinspectourschoolhimself.
有消息说总统先生将亲自来视察我们学校。
(3)使用虚拟语气的同位语从句
在一些表示“建议、劝告、命令”含义的名词后的同位语从句中,谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示,should可以省略。
1)Thisisourrequestthatthis(should)besettledassoonaspossible.
尽快解决这个问题,这是我们唯一的要求。
2)Hemadethesuggestionthatwe(should)gobytrain.
他建议我们坐火车去。
(4)有时可用namely,thatistosay,inotherwords,thatis,i.e.(=thatis),forexample等引出同位语,说明其前面的名词或代词。
1)Hetoldusthegoodnews,namely,themuseumisopentoall.
他告诉了我们这个好消息:博物馆对外开放了。
2)ThereisonlyonewayofimprovingyourEnglish,thatis,topracticemore.
要提高你的英语水平只有一个办法,那就是多练。
对比与用法
同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
①that引导定语从句时,为关系代词,代指先行词,有实际意义,在句子中充当句子成分,作宾语时可以省略;定语从句对名词加以限制。
②that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明。
试比较下面两个例句:
1)Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)
2)Thenews(that)youtoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)

Exercises:
1.___isknowntousall,Williamhadbrokenhisword___hewouldgiveTomarise.
A.As;thatB.It;whatC.It;thatD.As;which
2.Whatdoyouthinkofthesuggestionthatwe___lunchatthenewrestaurant?
A.willhaveB.aregoingtohave
C.wouldhaveD.have
3.AccordingtoBillGates,theidea___wecanplayvideoandreceiveE-mailwithoutsittingatakeyboardwillcometrue.However,itisunclear___itwillbeonsaleand___itwillcost.
A.which;that;whatB./;whether;howmuch
C.that;when;whatD.that;that;howmuch
4.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise___hewouldvisitmethecomingmonth.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
5.Thereisafeelinginme___we’llneverknowwhataUFOis.
A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what
6.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars___roadconditionsneed___.
A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimproved
C.where;improvingD.when;improving
答案:1.A2.D3.C4.B5.A6.A

(答题时间:40分钟)
一、完形填空
Todaywasthedayoftryingthenewboatontheriver.Nellajumpedoutofbed,gotdressedquicklyandwokeupherbrotherJed.
After1NellaandJedarrivedattheriverbankand2thenewblueboatwaitingforthem.Theygotintotheboatandpackedtheirpicnicunderthe3.Nellastartedtheengineand4theywentintothewide,brownandunknown5oftheriver.
Theboatsounded6roundabendintheriver.Onthedistantsandbanktheysawalongdarkcreature7inthesun.Itopenedoneeyeatthemandthensuddenlydisappearedintothe8.
“Whatwasthat?”shoutedJed.
“Itlookedlikeacrocodiletome!”saidNella.“We’dbetterbe9.”Justastheycameroundthenext10theengine11andcametoastop.Nella12tostarttheengineagain.Butitwouldn’tstart.Theywere13.
“Let’sgetthewoodenoars,”saidJed.“Maybewecanpushtheboatfree.”
Theytriedbutfailed.
“We’restuckona14,”saidNella.“We’lljusthavetositherehavingour15andwaitforthewaterto16.”
“It’sboring!”saidJed.
Suddenly,theyfelttheboatmove.Itmovedslowlyoffthesandbank.Andtheenginestartedagain.Justatthesametimetheynoticedablack17bytheboatsideandinnotimeitdisappearedinthebrownwaterahead.
They18theirjourneydowntheriver.Itwassoexciting.
Atnoontheysawasmallriver19offthemaincourse.Itwasn’tonthemap.“Let’s20inthere!”saidNella.
Theboatturnedintothesmallerchannel.Onbothsidesgrewthickunknowntrees.
1.A.mealB.breakfastC.dinnerD.lunch
2.A.realizedB.discoveredC.foundD.thought
3.A.sunB.boatC.fireD.seat
4.A.awayB.aroundC.onD.up
5.A.flowB.floodC.directionD.position
6.A.smoothlyB.normallyC.badlyD.hardly
7.A.walkingB.lyingC.runningD.sleeping
8.A.sandsB.woodsC.airD.water
9.A.seriousB.braveC.carefulD.slow
10.A.bendB.riverC.animalD.boat
11.A.putoutB.brokedownC.gaveinD.gotoff
12.A.plannedB.managedC.intendedD.tried
13.A.stuckB.delayedC.stoppedD.kept
14.A.riverB.creatureC.sandbankD.stone
15.A.restB.picnicC.sightseeingD.fun
16.A.fallB.comeC.riseD.run
17.A.snakeB.fishC.shadowD.figure
18.A.continuedB.startedC.endedD.went
19.A.separatingB.leadingC.dividingD.leaving
20.A.observeB.watchC.exploreD.play

二、阅读理解
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
(A)
Lastnightwasthelastgameformyeight-year-oldson’ssoccerteam.Itwasthefinalquarter.Thescorewastwotoone,myson’steaminthelead.Parentssurroundedtheplayground,offeringencouragement.
Withlessthantensecondsremaining,theballsuddenlyrolledinfrontofmyson’steammate,MickeyO’Donnel.Withshoutsof“Kickit!”echoingacrosstheplayground,Mickeyturnedaroundandgaveiteverythinghehad.Allaroundmethecrowderupted.O’Donnelhadscored.
Thentherewassilence.Mickeyhadscoredallright,butinthewronggoal,endingthegameinatie.Foramomenttherewasatotalhush.Yousee,MickeyhasDown’ssyndrome(唐氏综合征)andforhimthereisnosuchthingasawronggoal.AllgoalswerecelebratedbyajoyoushugfromMickey.Hehadevenbeenknowntohugtheopposingplayerswhentheyscored.
ThesilencewasfinallybrokenwhenMickey,hisfacefilledwithjoy,huggedmysontightlyandshouted,“Iscored!Iscored.Everybodywon!Everybodywon!”ForamomentIheldmybreath,notsurehowmysonwouldreact.Ineednothaveworried.Iwatched,throughtears,asmysonthrewuphishandintheclassichigh-fivesaluteandstartedchanting,“WaytogoMickey!WaytogoMickey!”WithinmomentsbothteamssurroundedMickey,joininginthechantandcongratulatinghimonhisgoal
Laterthatnight,whenmydaughteraskedwhohadwon,IsmiledasIreplied,“Itwasatie.Everybodywon.”
1.Whatwasthescoreofthesoccermatch?
A.Twototwo,equaltoboththeteams.
B.ThreetooneinMickey’steam’sfavor.
C.Twotooneintheoppositeteam’sfavor.
D.TwotooneinMickey’steam’sfavor.
2.Theunderlinedword"hush"inParagraph3means.
A.cheerB.cryC.laughterD.silence
3.“WhatdidtheauthorworryaboutwhenMickeyscoredandhuggedhisson?
A.Theresultofthematchwouldfailhisson.
B.HissonwouldshoutatMickeyforhisgoal.
C.Mickeywouldagainhugtheopposingplayers.
D.HissonwouldunderstandMickey’swronggoal.
4.WhydidMickeykickawronggoal?
A.Helikedtheopposingplayers.
B.Heoftenkickedthewronggoal.
C.Hehadadisease.
D.Hejustwantedtogetscores.
5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.
A.bothteamslikedandrespectedMickey
B.bothteamswerethankfultoMickeyforhisgoal
C.Mickeydidn’tmindthoughhisgoalwaswrong
D.Mickeywasakind-heartedboyandhopedeverybodywon

(B)
AnAustraliancompany,SmartCarTechnologies,hasdevelopedasystemthatletsdriversknowwhenthey’respeeding.Whenthetechnologybecomescommerciallyavailable,itcouldhelplead-footeddriversavoidticketsandalsosavelives.ThecompanythatdevelopedtheproducthopestoconvinceAustraliangovernmentagenciestoputthetechnologyintouseintheirautomobilefleets.
Theproduct,calledSpeedAlert,linksreal-timelocationdataandspeedobtainedwiththehelpofGPStoadatabaseofpostedspeedlimitsstoredinadriver’sPDAorprogrammablemobilephone.Theset-upoftheproductdoesnotneedtobehookeduptoacar’sspeedometer.Infact,itisentirelyportable.ItwillalsoworkwithnewerphonesandPDAsthathavebuilt-inGPSreceivers.Ifadriverexceedsthespeedlimit,thespeedisshownandanalertsounds.
MichaelPaine,anAustralianvehicledesignengineerandtrafficsafetyconsultant,washiredtoanalyzetheproduct.HetoldLiveSciencethathiscolleaguesintheroadsafetyfieldare“veryenthusiastic”aboutwhatthey’renowcalling“intelligentspeedalert”.Othersresearch,accordingtoPaine,showsthat40percentofalltrafficdeathsinvolvespeeding.Thereisalsoapotentiallycontroversialfutureuse:“Sincethesystemissoportable,itwouldbeeasytomakeitarequirement|orteenagedriverstoalwaysuseaspeedalertdevicewhendriving.”Painesaid.“Thesystemevenhasthecapabilitytorecordspeedingviolations,soparentscanmonitortheirteenagedrivers.”
TheproductwillsoongoonsaleinSydney.
6.What’sthepurposeofthenewproduct?
A.Toinformusofthenewcarsystem.
B.Tointroducesomeimprovementsincars.
C.Tolimitcertaindriverstosafedriving.
D.Topopularizethebuilt-incarsystem.
7.Theunderlinedwords"lead-footeddrivers"refertotheones.
A.whodrivetoocarelessly
B.thatdriveextremelyfast
C.whoarepartlydisabled
D.thatdrivetooslowly
8.Thesecondparagraphmainlytalksabout.
A.theprojectofthebuilt-inproduct
B.whythesystembecomespopular
C.thefunctionsofGPSincars
D.howtheproductisprogrammed
9.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A.SpeedAlertandItsFutureUse
B.ProgressinCar-makingScience
C.WarningforAdventurousDrivers
D.NewIn-CarDeviceagainstSpeeding

(C)
Flagsareflyingathalf-mastacrossChina.
Chinaiscomingtotheendofanofficialperiodofmourningforthosewhodiedinlastweek’searthquakeinSichuanprovince.Forthreedays,therehavebeennoentertainmenteventsandthegovernmenthasdelayedtheOlympictorchrelay.
Chineseofficialshavesaidthatthedeathtollfromthecatastrophehasnowrisentoover41,000.Over230,000peoplewereinjured.
Alongwiththemanyaccountsofsufferingandloss,therehavebeenafewamazingstoriesofsurvival.ChinesenewsreportedtodaythatawomaninHongbaihasbeenrescuedafterbeingtrappedinatunnelforninedays.Shehasbeentakentohospitalandisexpectedtosurvive.
However,hopesarequicklyfadingforthosewhoremaintrapped.AccordingtotheStateCouncilover32,000peoplearemissinginthequakearea.
Therescueworkers’attentionisnowturningtowardstherecoveryofbodiesfromtherubble(瓦砾)andprovidingfood,shelteranddrinkingwaterforthesurvivors.
Butthereliefoperationhasbeenhampered(妨碍)byaseriesofaftershocks,thestrongestmeasuring6.1ontheRichterscale.
Chinesenewsreportssaythatmudslideshaveburied200reliefworkersinthepastfourdays.Therearealsoreportsthatthousandsofresidentshavebeenevacuated(疏散)fromanareainQingchuancountywherelargecrackshaveappearedonthetopofamountain.
OnMonday,tensofthousandsofpeoplerushedfromtheirhomesafterthegovernmentwarnedofapossiblemajoraftershock.Theysleptonthestreetsordrovetoopenground.
Continuousrainisaddingtothemiseryforthehomeless.Theforeignministryhasappealedtotheinternationalcommunitytoprovidetentsforthefivemillionpeoplewhohavelosttheirhomes.
Yesterday,PremierWenJiabaopromisedtosend250,000temporaryhousingunitstotheregionbytheendofJune,andonemillionwithinthreemonths.
10.Accordingtothepassage,howmanypeoplebecamehomelessaftertheearthquake?
A.41,000.B.230,000.C.32,000.D.5,000,000.
11.Whatisthemajordifficultyinthereliefoperation?
A.Therehavebeenconstantaftershocksinthequakearea.
B.Manypeoplesleptonthestreetsordrovetoopenground.
C.Therearestillmanypeopleremainingtrapped.
D.Largecrackshaveappearedonthetopofamountain.
12.Whatistheprobablemeaningoftheword“catastrophe”inthethirdparagraph?
A.Bighospitals.B.Constantaftershocks.
C.Greatdisaster.D.Manymudslides.
13.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytellus?
A.TheOlympictorchrelayhasbeendelayedbytheChinesegovernment.
B.Over41,000peoplediedand230,000wereinjuredinlastweek’searthquake.
C.200reliefworkershavebeenburiedbymudslidesinthepastfourdays.
D.Thegreatearthquakehascausedgreatlosstothepeople,andtheyneedhelp.


一、完形填空:1~5BCDAA6~10CBDCA11~15BDACB16~20CDABC

二、阅读理解:1~5ADBCA6~9CBDD10~13DACD

扩展阅读

高考英语备考名词性从句


俗话说,凡事预则立,不预则废。教师要准备好教案,这是教师需要精心准备的。教案可以让讲的知识能够轻松被学生吸收,使教师有一个简单易懂的教学思路。那么怎么才能写出优秀的教案呢?为此,小编从网络上为大家精心整理了《高考英语备考名词性从句》,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。

2011高考英语备考(考点聚焦+名题导解)名词性从句

一、考点聚焦
1、名词性从句中连接词的运用
名词性从句中的连接词有连词that/whether/asif,连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。
(1)that的用法。[ks5u.com]
①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如:
ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.
Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.
SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.
②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省,在以下几种情况中that不能省略:(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;(B)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省;(C)当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。如:
Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstand
wine
Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.
Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.
③that从句作主语和宾语时,可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。
(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…(D)Itseems/happensthat。如:
IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.
ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.
④that和what的区别。
that引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不以当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义;而what引导名词性从句时,在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词即常说的先行词+that。如:
It’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.Dowhathesays.
⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。
同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语,宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句,就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容,如以下名词:news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等,而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如:
TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)
ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(定语从句)
(2)whether和if的用法。
①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如:
Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.
②后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如:
Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.
③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如:
Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.
④whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if不能。如:
Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecando
itornot.
⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用;whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如:
Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimpor-
tant.
Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.
⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如:
Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.
⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”,而if不能。如:
Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.
(3)疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。
①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如:
Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.
Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.
②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如:
Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,
Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.
③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如:
Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.
Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.
(4)when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词,则when和where引导的是定语从句,否则则为同位语从句。如:
Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.
Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.
2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致
(1)宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致,但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象,虽然主句是过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。如:
Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?
Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.
(2)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数,如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数。如:
Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.
Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.
3、名词性从句的词序
名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如:
Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.
We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.
Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1.Acomputercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.
A.howB.afterC.whatD.when
解析:答案为C。本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分,故what最合适。
2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek..
—Isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET99)
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where
解析:答案为A。此题考查的是从句的用法。根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了。”下面一句接着问:“那就是你为什么离开的原因吗?”故用why引导表语从句表示原因。
3.Ihate__________whenpeopetalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET98)
A.itB.thatC.theseD.them
解析:答案为A。本题考查的是形式宾语的用法。题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”。该空白处没有任何含义,而且已经用了when连接该宾语从句,所以此处只填一个形式宾语it。
4.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknowI’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.
A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how
解析:答案为C。考查宾语从句连词用法,由结构sb.beuptosth.可知,应选what作介词to的宾语。
5.Wecannotfigureoutquiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.
A.thatB.asC.whyD.when
解析:答案为C。本题考查宾语从句知识,figureout为及物动词,故此句为宾语从句,从句意得知连词在从句中作原因状语,故选why.
6.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,ourastronautsdesiredoiswalkinspace.
A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how
解析:答案为B。此题句子为时间状语从句,全主句的主语是由主语从句来充当的,并且主语从句中不定式动词do缺少宾语,故选what。

2011高考英语备考(考点聚焦+名题导解)名词性从句

一、考点聚焦
1、名词性从句中连接词的运用
名词性从句中的连接词有连词that/whether/asif,连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。
(1)that的用法。[ks5u.com]
①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如:
ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.
Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.
SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.
②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省,在以下几种情况中that不能省略:(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;(B)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省;(C)当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。如:
Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstand
wine
Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.
Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.
③that从句作主语和宾语时,可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。
(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…(D)Itseems/happensthat。如:
IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.
ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.
④that和what的区别。
that引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不以当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义;而what引导名词性从句时,在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词即常说的先行词+that。如:
It’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.Dowhathesays.
⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。
同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语,宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句,就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容,如以下名词:news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等,而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如:
TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)
ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(定语从句)
(2)whether和if的用法。
①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如:
Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.
②后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如:
Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.
③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如:
Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.
④whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if不能。如:
Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecando
itornot.
⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用;whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如:
Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimpor-
tant.
Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.
⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如:
Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.
⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”,而if不能。如:
Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.
(3)疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。
①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如:
Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.
Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.
②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如:
Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,
Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.
③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如:
Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.
Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.
(4)when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词,则when和where引导的是定语从句,否则则为同位语从句。如:
Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.
Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.
2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致
(1)宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致,但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象,虽然主句是过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。如:
Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?
Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.
(2)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数,如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数。如:
Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.
Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.
3、名词性从句的词序
名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如:
Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.
We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.
Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1.Acomputercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.
A.howB.afterC.whatD.when
解析:答案为C。本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分,故what最合适。
2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek..
—Isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET99)
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where
解析:答案为A。此题考查的是从句的用法。根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了。”下面一句接着问:“那就是你为什么离开的原因吗?”故用why引导表语从句表示原因。
3.Ihate__________whenpeopetalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET98)
A.itB.thatC.theseD.them
解析:答案为A。本题考查的是形式宾语的用法。题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”。该空白处没有任何含义,而且已经用了when连接该宾语从句,所以此处只填一个形式宾语it。
4.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknowI’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.
A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how
解析:答案为C。考查宾语从句连词用法,由结构sb.beuptosth.可知,应选what作介词to的宾语。
5.Wecannotfigureoutquiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.
A.thatB.asC.whyD.when
解析:答案为C。本题考查宾语从句知识,figureout为及物动词,故此句为宾语从句,从句意得知连词在从句中作原因状语,故选why.
6.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,ourastronautsdesiredoiswalkinspace.
A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how
解析:答案为B。此题句子为时间状语从句,全主句的主语是由主语从句来充当的,并且主语从句中不定式动词do缺少宾语,故选what。

高考英语名词性从句专项复习


一名优秀负责的教师就要对每一位学生尽职尽责,作为教师就要精心准备好合适的教案。教案可以保证学生们在上课时能够更好的听课,有效的提高课堂的教学效率。怎么才能让教案写的更加全面呢?下面是由小编为大家整理的“高考英语名词性从句专项复习”,欢迎您参考,希望对您有所助益!

英语科5年高考3年模拟[浙江专版]
专题11名词性从句

一、概念
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主要考查语序问题、连接词选用、时态的呼应等
Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.
Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.
Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.
Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.
2.引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
从属连词:that,whether,if不充当从句的任何成分
连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which,whichever.(作主、宾、表、补)
连接副词:
when,where,how,why,however,wherever(状)
主语从句的用法
一、主语从句在复合句中作主语,它可
以位于句首,但常见的主语从句多放在
句末,句首则用形式主语it。
1.Thattheearthisroundistrue.
=Itistruethattheearthisround
2.Whetherhewillcomehasn’tbeendecided.
=Ithasn’tbeendecidedwhetherhewillcome.
注意:连词that,whether在从句中不担任句子成分,只起连接作用,不能省略(注:if不可用来引导主语从句)
WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.
(ItisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoAmerica.)
Whoeverleavestheroomlastshouldclosethedoor.
Whateverwedomustbeintheinterestsofthepeople.
3.常见的it作形式主语的结构
1)Itisafactthathewonthematch.
2)ItisnecessarythatwedostudytheEnglish.
3)Itisknowntoallthatlighttravelsinstraightlines.
4)Itseemedthathewouldcomehere
基本句型结构常用词语
Itis+名词+that从句Itisafact/ashame/apity/nowonder/
goodnews/…that…

Itis+形容词+that从句Itisnecessary/strange/important/
possible/likely/…that…这类主语从
句中,谓语动词常为(should)+动词原形

Itis+过去分词+that从句Itissaid/reported/decided/known/
…that…

It+不及物动词+that从句Itseemed/happened/doesn’t
matter/hasturnedout/…that

二、it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
it作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:
Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.
Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.
Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.
ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.
宾语从句的用法
句子结构:
主句+连接词(引导词)+宾语从句
1.Webelieve(that)heishonest.
2.Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?
3.Idon’trememberwhenwearrived
4.Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.
5.weshouldthinkofhowwecandomoreforothers
在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词之后,宾语从句中谓语的否定常转移到主句的谓语上。
Idon’tbelievehewillgo.
Wedon’texpectheiscoming.
Idon’tthinkhecandoit,canhe?
You/Theydon’tthinkhecandoit,dothey?
在接复合宾语的句子中,为了保持句子平衡,用it作形式宾语,将从句放于句尾,常接复合宾语的动词有:make,find,see,hear,feel,think...
Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.
Ithinkitapitytowastethefood
表语从句的用法
在复合句中用作表语的从句是表语从句,引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用asif引导。其基本结构为:主语+系动词+that从句。
That’swhatweshoulddo.
That’swhyIwanttoseeyou.
ThereasonformyabsencewasthatIwasill.
1.be,seem,look等动词后均可跟表语从句:
Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgoshopping.
Itseemsthatitisgoingtorain
2.asif,because也可引导表语从句。
Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.
ItwasbecauseIgotuplate.
3.在非正式文体中,引导表语从句的that可以省略。如:
Thetroubleis(that)heisill
注意:在表语从句中,当reason做主语时,引导词只能用that,不能用because,如:他迟到的原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathedidn’tcatchtheearlybus.
同位语从句的用法
在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,doubt,questiondreamadvice,proofdecision等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词.
1.Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.
2.Ihavenoideawhentheywillgo.
3.Thesuggestionthattheplan(should)bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.
名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可省略.
同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开:
ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilled
thekingwithanarrow.
Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon
九大热点问题
1..同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1).Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontimemadeeverybodyhappy.
2).Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportisthataheavystormiscoming.
3).Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.
4).Thesuggestionthattheyareconsideringisthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical
同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处
从句的作用不同:同位语从句用来进一步
说明前面名词的内容;定语从句用来修饰、
限定前面的名词(相当于一个定语)。
e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatch
isencouraging.(从句说明“消息”的内容:我们队取得了决赛胜利。)
Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.
(从句对“消息”加以限定:是你告诉我们的,而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。)
引导从句的关联词that的功能不同:that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词,不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。
e.g.1)DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.(that不充当任何成分)
2)Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren.
(that指代promise,又在从句中充当主语。)
Choosethebestanswer
2.语序问题(名词性从句用陈述语序)
3.whetherif的区别
I.Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouwillgotothelecturestomorrow.
II.Italldependsonwhethertheskywillclearup.
III.Thequestioniswhetherthefilmiswellworthseeing.
IV.Canyoutellmewhetherornotthetrainhasleft?
V.Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.
VI.Hedoesn’tknowwhethertostay.
A.引导宾语从句,位于及物动词后
B.引导宾语从句,位于介词后
C.引导主语从句,放句首
D.引导表语从句,主语从句或同位语从句
E.可与ornot直接连用
4.Whatthat的区别(在名词性从句中)
I.Ithinkthatitisunnecessaryformetospeaklouder.
II.Hismotherissatisfiedwithwhathehasdone.
III.Thathewasabletocomemadeushappy.
IV.Thisiswhatmakesusinterested.
V.ThereasonwasthatTodhadneverseenthemillion-poundnotebefore.

所引导的从句中是否缺主语、表语或宾语汉语意义能否省略
What缺什么;所……的
东西、事情否
that不缺无意义宾语从句中能省略

5..that引导名词性从句的省略情况
1)that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时,不能省略。
e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.
2)宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省,在以下几种情况中that不能省略:
(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;Ithink,hesaid,thatTomwillcome.
(B)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时(或带两个以上宾语从句),that不能省;
(C)当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉(很少在介词后引导宾从,只在except,but,beside,in后才用。介词后一般用what,whether连接,不用which,if连接)如:
Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.
Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.
6.Who/whoever,what/whatever等的用法区别。
一般说来,what/who等含特指意义,而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义,意为“无论什么/无论谁”。
7.Where,when,why等连接副词引导的名词性从句。
Where,when,why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句,使用的关键是:这个词必须符合句子的逻辑意义要求。
8.“介词+who(m)引导的宾语从句”与“介词+whom”引导的定语从句的区别。
介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格,决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。例如:
Itwasamatterof____wouldtaketheposition.
A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever
9疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。
①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如:
Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.
Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.
②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如:
Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,
Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.
③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如:
Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.
Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.
w考点解析
名词性从句中引导词that与what的使用场合。
that引导名从时,无意义不当句子成分,只是引导词;而what引导名从时,在从句中要充当主宾表等句子成分,what表“什么…”=allthat或sth.that
1.Themountainisnolonger____itusedtobe.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.as
2.Thereismuchchance____Billwillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimefortherace.
A.thatB.whichC.untilD.if
3.Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewas_____kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.
A.thatB.allthatC.allwhatD.which
4.Youcanonlybesureof_____youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething___youmightgetinthefuture.[2007安徽卷]
A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that
Tips:定语从句引导词中,有that没有what。
名词性从句中引导词whether与if的用法区别。
If在名从中可以用在:
1.引导及物动词或形容词后的宾语从句
2.当与ornot分开使用时Hewonderedif/whetherwewillattendthemeetingornot.
Whether所有名从都可以
1_____theflighttoNewYorkwillbedelayedis____I’mespeciallyworriedabout.
A.If;whatB.Whether;thatC.When;thatD.Whether;what
“(should)+do”
在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气,常用句型有:
(1)Itisnecessary,(important,natural,strange,etc.)that...
(2)Itissuggested,(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that...
(3)一坚持(insist)、二命令(order,command)、三建议(suggest,advise,propose)、四要求(demand,desire,require,request)。
(4)主语是suggestion,proposal,request,decision等表“建议、请求、要求、决定”等意思的词时,表语从句,同位语中谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”。如:Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)holdanothermeetingtodiscussthequestion.
1.Iadvisedthathe_____tothehospitalatonce,butheinsistedthathe_____quitewellthen.
A.besent;wasfeelingB.wassent;sent
C.besent;feelD.shouldbesent;shouldfeel
名词性从句的语序只能是陈述句语序,宾语从句的时态应该与主句的谓语动词的时态保持一致。
Eg.Theyareteachersanddon’trealize______tostartandrunacompany.
A.whattakesitB.whattheytakeC.whattakesthemD.whatittakes
whoever,whichever,whatever,whenever,wherever和however可以引导名从和让步状从;nomatterwho/which/what/when/where/how只能引导让步主语从句。
⑦—Haveanicetrip!—Thanks.I’lltelephoneyoufrom_____Igettobytomorrowevening.
A.whereverB.everyplaceC.wheneverD.nomatterwhere
that的用法
1.that引导从句小结
1.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin____wasawastelandtenyearsago.
 A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where
2.Becauseofmypoormemory,all____youtoldmehasbeenforgotten.
 A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as
3.Withhisworkcompleted,thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat,feelingpleased____hewasamanofaction.
 A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
4.Itiswhatyoudoratherthanwhatyousay_______matters.
 A.thatB.whatC.whichD.this
5.Hisplanwassuchagoodone_________weallagreedtoacceptit.
 A.soB.whatC.thatD.as
6____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What/becauseB.What/thatC.That/whatD.That/because
2.that在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不可省略,但当有两个和两个以上的宾语从句并列时,第二个从句以下的that不可省略。
如:Shesaid(that)shehadleftschoolandthatherparentswouldfindherajob.
3.介词后的宾语从句常用what,whether引导,不用that,which引导。但在介词besides,except,in,but后可用that引导宾语从句。
Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat____Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.
A.asB.whichC.whatD.that
4.定语从句与同位语从句中that的区别,主要看that在从句中有没有语法作用。
定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语,有时可以与which互换。同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而如果句子是同位语从句,就应用连词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词如:fact、suggestion、truth、possibility、idea等后面,解释名词的含义或内容,而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。
例如:ThefootballstarHenryexpressedthehopethathewouldcometovisitChinaagainin2008. 同位语从句,从句就是hope的内容;
ThehopethefootballstarHenryexpressedisthathewouldcometovisitChinaagainin2008.定语从句,从句修饰hope,是“表达的”愿望。
1.…Itsthirtyyearssincewelastmet.
…ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,____wegotlostonarainynight.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when
2.Istillrememberthebignamesinthestories____mymothertoldmewhenIwasyoung.A.whenB.thatC.whatD.where

五年高考
A组全国高考题组
1.Imadeapromisetomyself______thisyear,myfirstyearinhighschool,wouldbedifferent.
A.whetherB.whatC.thatD.how
名词性从句—同位语从句
C
that引导同位语从句,在从句中不做句子成分,补充说明同位语promise的内容。
2.34.ThenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandsearchedforhecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.
A.whereverB.howeverC.whateverD.whichever
连词用法。
C
介词for后面加的是宾语从句,且从句中find缺少宾语,所以用whatever,选C项
3.Scientistsstudy____humanbrainsworktomakecomputers.
A.whenB.howC.thatD.whether
B
本题考查名词性从句。
句意为:科学家研究人类大脑是如何工作以制造出电脑的。根据句意,故答案选B。
4.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimhehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.
A.whetherB.whereC.whichD.that
D
考察名词性从句当中的主语从句。
it作形式主语,真正的主语为thathehadlefthiskeysintheoffice。且that在句中无意义,并不充当任何成分。
5.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoonthemeetingwouldbepostponed.
A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.how
名词性从句-同位语从句
B
句意为:会议将被延期的通知大约下午两点钟来。空格后的句子是解释说明名词thenotice,作同位语从句,在从句中不做任何成分,所以用that引导。
6.Thelimitsofaperson’sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,but
hereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.
A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why
B
首先把插入语generallyspeaking删掉,选择B.本题考查名词性从句,butwhetherhereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.
考查名词性从句。
7.Itisbynomeansclearthepresidentcandotoendthestrike.
A.howB.which
C.thatD.what
D
此处it是形式主语,what引导的是主语从句,作真正的主语。What作do的宾语。句意:总统采取什么行动结束这次罢工一点也不清楚。
考查主语从句的连接词。
8.Itdoesn’tmatter________youpaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.
A.howB.whether
C.whatD.why
B
此处it是形式主语,后面whether...or…引导的主语从句是真正的主语,whether...or…意为:是…还是…都行。句意:在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。
考查主语从句的连接词。
9.Wepromiseattendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.
A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever
本句考查连词的辨析
C
首先本句考查的关键短语是promisesbsth“向某人承诺某事“本句指的是向参加聚会的人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会,不定式做chance的定语,然后就是参加聚会的任何人whoever=anyonewho,这样句子就很清晰了,所以划分句子成分非常关键,以前考察whoever都是做状语,而本题考查的是作promise的宾语,挺新颖的。
B组2008-全国高考题组
1.__________BarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.
A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.Whom
B
考察名词性从句中的主语从句。
句意:这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。结合句意可知答案为A,此处what引导的宾语从句是一个感叹句。
2.Thereisclearevidence_____themostdifficultfeelingofalltointerpretisbodilypain.
A.whatB.ifC.howD.that
D
考查名词性从句中的同位语从句。
句意为:证据表明,所有能够说明的感觉中最困难的是身体的疼痛。分析句子结构,从句中不错成分,故用关联词that。
3.Iamafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichis______heneverfinishesanything.
A.thatB.whenC.whereD.why
D
考查表语从句。
句义:我恐怕他比起来一个实践家更是一个空谈家,那就是他一事无成的原因。本文“whichis..”引导的一个非限定性定语从句中有一个表语从句根据句意用“why”引导。
4.Thevillagershavealreadyknown______we’lldoistorebuildthebridge.
A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which
C
考察宾语从句和主语从句。
村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥,后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物,所以选择what。
5.Itwasneverclear_______themanhadn’treportedtheaccidentsooner.
A.thatB.howC.whenD.why
A
考查主语从句。
句意:这名男子没有早点报告这次事故的原因根本没有搞清楚。It在句中是形式主语,真正的主语是why引导的主语从句。
6.Hiswritingissoconfusingthatit’sdifficulttomakeout_____itisheistryingtoexpress.
A.thatB.howC.whoD.what
D
考查名词性从句。
句意为:他的笔迹非常混乱,很难弄清他想表达什么意思。本题考查动词短语makeout引起的的宾语从句,该空在宾语从句中作express的宾语,表示事物,故选择D项。That在宾语从句中不作句子成分;how作方式状语;who作主语,指人。只有what可用作宾语并且指事物。
7.—Howaboutcampingthisweekend,justforachange?
—OK,youwant.
A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whoever
C
本题考查引导词。
句意:“这个周末野营怎么样,来点新鲜的?”“好啊,按你的意思吧!”根据语境分析出后者支持前面的提出的观点。
8.Itisuncertainsideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.
A.thatB.whatC.howD.whether
B
本题考查主语从句的引导词。
根据句意:尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物,但是,它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。sideeffect意思是“副作用”,还原主语从句中的主干是themedicinewillbringabout______sideeffect。故选择what,形容词“什么样的”,起修饰作用。
9.-Isthereanypossibility______youcouldpickmeupattheairport?
-Noproblem.
A.WhenB.thatC.whetherD.what
B
考查同位语从句。
——你能到机场接我吗?——没问题。答案B。
10.Weshouldconsiderthestudents’request___theschoollibraryprovidemorebooksonpopularscience.
A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where
A
考查宾语从句。
我们应当考虑下学生们的要求:学校图书馆能多提供些关于科普方面的书。考查同位语从句。从句句子结构完整,因此用that引导。答案A。
11.Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagedifferentfrom______theirparentsspeakathome.
A.whatB.thatC.whichD.one
A
考查宾语从句。
句中的from缺少宾语,what既引导了宾语从句,又充当了speak的宾语。
12.isknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.
A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which
B
考查主语从句。
分析题干结构“isknowntousall”是主语从句,从句中缺少主语,what引导主语从句,在从句中作主语。如果选it,需去掉all后的is;如果选as;需去掉isthat。
三年模拟
A组全国模拟题组
1.(浙江省部分重点中学高三第二学期3月联考试题,13)Itwasthetraining_______hehadatschool_______madehimgoodjumper.
A.what;whatB.that;that
C.what;thatD.that;had
2.(浙江省苍南县树人中学高三第一次月考试题,29)Wasitinthegarden______weusedtoworkin______thefamousactorsandactresseshadapicnic?
A.that;whereB.which;thatC.where;thatD.which;where
3.(浙江省慈溪中学高三10月月考,18)Anadvertisementisusefulin_______itletscustomersknowofthekindsofgoodsintheshops.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether
4.(浙江省岱山县大衢中学高三12月月考,7)Theengineersaresobusythattheyhavenotimeforoutdoorsportsactivities,________theyhavetheinterest.
A.whereverB.wheneverC.evenifD.asif
5.(浙江省东阳市南马高中高三下学期入学考试,11)______issurprisingisthattherearesomanyChineserestaurantsinToronto.
A.ItB.ThatC.SuchD.What
6.(浙江省奉化市第二中学高三上学期第三次月考,17)Ican’tunderstandishewantstochangehismind.
A.That,whatB.That,whyC.What,whatD.What,why
7.(浙江省杭州市高三第一次高考教学质量检测,12)
—NexttimeyouareinNewYork,camandvisitus,willyou?
—I’dliketoseeyouconvenient.
A.whateverB.whereverC.howeverD.whenever
8.(浙江省六校联盟高三第一次联考,9)ThenationalspiritslikebraveheartsshowedinthefilmTheFlowersofWarare______deeplymovedtheaudience.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who
9.(浙江省宁波市高三上学期期末试题,3)
—Haveyoufinishedthebook?
—NO.Ivereadupto_______thechildrendiscoverthesecretcave.
A.whereB.whatC.thatD.which
10.(浙江省宁波市鄞州区高三高考适应性考试(3月),15)
--What’syouridea?[
--Myopinionis_________happens,weshouldnotstopthereform.
A.when;whatB.that;whenC.that;whateverD.when;what
11.(浙江省瑞安中学高三上学期期末试题,10)
----Whendidthecoupledie?
----ItwasonMay12_______theearthquakehitWenchuanCounty.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what
12.(浙江省余姚中学高三第一次质检,7)
—DoyouthinkitwiseforChinesemotherstotrytodoeverythingfortheirchildren?
—No,that’s_____theyaremistaken.
A.whereB.whenC.inwhichD.what
B组2010-全国模拟题组
1.(杭师大附中2010学年高三年级第三次月考,6)Arewardof

高二英语——名词性从句精讲精练。

一位优秀的教师不打无准备之仗,会提前做好准备,作为教师就要早早地准备好适合的教案课件。教案可以让学生们充分体会到学习的快乐,帮助教师更好的完成实现教学目标。那么怎么才能写出优秀的教案呢?为满足您的需求,小编特地编辑了“高二英语——名词性从句精讲精练”,希望能为您提供更多的参考。


一、教学内容
寒假专题:名词性从句精讲精练
名词往往在句中充当主语,宾语,表语和同位语。
在复合句中,代替名词充当主语,宾语,表语和同位语的句子统称为名词性从句。
名词性从句分为:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。

(一)引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为五类:
a.连词:that(无任何词意,不作成分,只起连接作用,宾语从句中常可省略)
1)Myhopeisthatshewillsoonbewellagain.(表语从句)
我的希望是她能很快康复。
2)Everybodyhopesthatshewillsoonbewellagain.(宾语从句)
大家都希望她能很快康复。
3)Thatshewillsoonbewellagainisourhope.(主语从句)
她能很快康复是我们的希望。
b.whether,if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性,不作成分)
1)Whetherheiscomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.(主语从句,不能用if)
2)Iwentinandaskedif/whethertheyhadacheapsuit.
3)Iwonderwhether/ifhewillcomeinsuchbadweather.
c.连接代词:what,whatever,which,whichever,(在从句中作主语,宾语,表语,指物)
1)____heneedismoretime.
显然,主语从句:he是主语,谓语动词need缺宾语,因此应填what.
2)Tellus___yousawandheardduringyourvisittothatuniversity.
3)Thisisnot___Iwant.
4)____somepeopleareagainstis___otherpeoplearefor.
5)Thequestioniswhichteamwillwin.
6)Ihavetwoapples,Idon’tknowwhichyouwant.
归纳:what一般用于不知道内容或范围的句子;which“哪一个……”一般用于给出内容或范围的句子。可作主语,宾语,表语,还可作定语。
d.who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose(在从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语,指人)
1)Whowillgiveusalectureisunknown.
2)Thequestioniswhowillcomehere.
e.连接副词:when,where,how,why,whenever,however,wherever(在从句中作状语)
1)Ihavenoideahowhelearnedaboutit.
2)Whereshehasgoneisnotknownyet.
3)Whenhewillstartisnotknownyet.
4)Thisiswhyheislate.
注意:连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。

(二)具体分类
一)主语从句
在复合句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。
1)Thatyouareleavingisapity.
你要走,真遗憾。
2)Whetherthefootballgamewillbeplayeddependsontheweather.
足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定。
3)Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.
他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
4)Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.
谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
5)WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.
英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
6)Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.
我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:
(1)It+be+名词+that从句
①It’sapitythatwecan’tgo.
很遗憾我们不能去。
②ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.
英语正在被人们接受为国际语言,这是事实。
③Itisnowonderthatheisnothungry;hehasbeeneatingsweetsallday.
难怪他不饿,他整天在吃糖果。
(2)It+be+形容词+that从句
①Itiscertainthatshewilldowellintheexam.
毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
②Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.
很可能他把一切都告诉她了。
③Isittruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecture.
下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗?
(3)It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句
①ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.
据说格林先生已经到了北京。
②ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.
据报道中国又成功地将一颗人造地球卫星发射进入轨道。
(4)It+不及物动词+that从句
①ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.
爱丽丝似乎不来参加晚会。
②IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.
碰巧那天我外出了。
(5)其他情况
①Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.
她是否来无关紧要。
②Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.
我们在哪里开会毫无区别。
③Itsuddenlyoccurredtoherthatshehadforgottentolockthedoor.
她突然想到,她忘记锁门了。
另注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”,常用的句型有:
a.Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,funny,surprisingetc.)that…
Itisimportantandnecessarythatwe(should)keepthebalanceofnature.
我们要维持生态平衡,这很重要而且是必不可少的。
b.Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that…
Itisapitythatyou(should)misssuchagoodchance.
真遗憾你竟然失去这么好的机会。
c.Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…
It’ssuggestedthatwe(should)dotheexperimentasecondtime.
有人建议我们再做一次实验。

Exercises:
1.____ispowerisafamoussayingknowntousall.
A.WhatknowledgeB.Howknowledge
C.ThatknowledgeD.Whereknowledge
2.___wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan___wehave.
A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what
3.___troublesmeis___Ican’tlearnalltheseEnglishidiomsbyheart.
A.That,thatB.What,whatC,That,whatD.What,that
4.___youneedtoimproveyourlisteningismorepractice.
A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.How
5.Yourskirtisreallysplendid,but___weactuallyneedisnotaskirtbutanewpairofshoes.
A.thatB.whatC.whetherD.how
6.___shecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.
A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;because
答案:1.C2.A3.D4.B5.B6.A

二)表语从句
在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。其基本结构为:主语+系动词+that从句。
表语从句位于连系动词后,可接表语从句的连系动词有:be,look,seem,sound,appear,remain等。
1)Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.
事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
2)That’sjustwhatIwant.
那正是我想要的。
3)Thequestioniswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.
问题是他们能否帮我们。
whether可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
4)Thisiswhereourproblemlies.
这就是我们的问题所在。
5)Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.
那就是他不到会的原因。
asif/asthough也可以用在连系动词后,引导表语从句。
1)Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.
看上去天要下雨了。
2)Atthattime,itseemsasifIcouldn’tthinkoftherightwordanyhow.
当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
注意:当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如:
Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.
because,why引导的表语从句
1)That’sbecausehedidn’tunderstandme.
那是因为他没有理解我。(That’sbecause...强调原因)
2)That’swhyhegotangrywithme.
那正是他对我生气的原因。(That’swhy...强调结果)
使用虚拟语气的表语从句
在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句,谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示,should可以省略。常见的词有:advice,suggestion,order,proposal等。
1)Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
2)Hisproposalwasthatthey(should)challengetheotherclassestoafriendlycompetition.
他的提议是挑战别的班级进行一场友谊竞赛。
1.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s___youleftit.
A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere
2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
—Isthat___youhadafewdaysoff?
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where
3.—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?
—Oh,that’s___.
A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedabout
C.howIfeelD.whenIfeelexcited
4.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.___Igotwetenough.
A.It’showB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.It’sthereason
5.___makeshismothersurprisedwas___TomSmithshouldhavebeenfooledbysuchasimpletrick.
A.What;thatB.What;becauseC.That;whatD.That;because
6.___madememoresurprisedwas___thepickpocketaskedmyfriendtolendhimsomemoneyandheagreed.
A.What;thatB.That;thatC.What;whetherD.It;that
7.Seetheflagonthetopofthebuilding?Thatwas___wedidthismorning.
A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what
8.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis___Idisagree.
A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how
答案:1.B2.A3.A4.B5.A6.A7.D8.B

三)同位语从句
(1)同位语从句用于对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,但也可以由连接代词whether和连接副词引导。
1)Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.
对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。
2)Wehaven’tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.
到哪去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有解决。
3)Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasn’tbeendiscussed.
我们是否要更多的时间来做这项工作,这个问题还未解决。
(2)可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:
1)Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.
我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
2)Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.
我们是否该继续做这项实验,这个问题已经解决了。
3)Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.
我不知道他什么时候回家。
注意:当含有同位语从句的主句的谓语部分过短时,可以把谓语动词提前,使同位语从句与名词隔开,以避免头重脚轻的现象。
1)ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.
他想到的是玛丽可能生病了。
2)WordcamethatMr.Presidentwouldcomeandinspectourschoolhimself.
有消息说总统先生将亲自来视察我们学校。
(3)使用虚拟语气的同位语从句
在一些表示“建议、劝告、命令”含义的名词后的同位语从句中,谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示,should可以省略。
1)Thisisourrequestthatthis(should)besettledassoonaspossible.
尽快解决这个问题,这是我们唯一的要求。
2)Hemadethesuggestionthatwe(should)gobytrain.
他建议我们坐火车去。
(4)有时可用namely,thatistosay,inotherwords,thatis,i.e.(=thatis),forexample等引出同位语,说明其前面的名词或代词。
1)Hetoldusthegoodnews,namely,themuseumisopentoall.
他告诉了我们这个好消息:博物馆对外开放了。
2)ThereisonlyonewayofimprovingyourEnglish,thatis,topracticemore.
要提高你的英语水平只有一个办法,那就是多练。
对比与用法
同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
①that引导定语从句时,为关系代词,代指先行词,有实际意义,在句子中充当句子成分,作宾语时可以省略;定语从句对名词加以限制。
②that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明。
试比较下面两个例句:
1)Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)
2)Thenews(that)youtoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)

Exercises:
1.___isknowntousall,Williamhadbrokenhisword___hewouldgiveTomarise.
A.As;thatB.It;whatC.It;thatD.As;which
2.Whatdoyouthinkofthesuggestionthatwe___lunchatthenewrestaurant?
A.willhaveB.aregoingtohave
C.wouldhaveD.have
3.AccordingtoBillGates,theidea___wecanplayvideoandreceiveE-mailwithoutsittingatakeyboardwillcometrue.However,itisunclear___itwillbeonsaleand___itwillcost.
A.which;that;whatB./;whether;howmuch
C.that;when;whatD.that;that;howmuch
4.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise___hewouldvisitmethecomingmonth.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
5.Thereisafeelinginme___we’llneverknowwhataUFOis.
A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what
6.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars___roadconditionsneed___.
A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimproved
C.where;improvingD.when;improving
答案:1.A2.D3.C4.B5.A6.A

(答题时间:40分钟)
一、完形填空
Todaywasthedayoftryingthenewboatontheriver.Nellajumpedoutofbed,gotdressedquicklyandwokeupherbrotherJed.
After1NellaandJedarrivedattheriverbankand2thenewblueboatwaitingforthem.Theygotintotheboatandpackedtheirpicnicunderthe3.Nellastartedtheengineand4theywentintothewide,brownandunknown5oftheriver.
Theboatsounded6roundabendintheriver.Onthedistantsandbanktheysawalongdarkcreature7inthesun.Itopenedoneeyeatthemandthensuddenlydisappearedintothe8.
“Whatwasthat?”shoutedJed.
“Itlookedlikeacrocodiletome!”saidNella.“We’dbetterbe9.”Justastheycameroundthenext10theengine11andcametoastop.Nella12tostarttheengineagain.Butitwouldn’tstart.Theywere13.
“Let’sgetthewoodenoars,”saidJed.“Maybewecanpushtheboatfree.”
Theytriedbutfailed.
“We’restuckona14,”saidNella.“We’lljusthavetositherehavingour15andwaitforthewaterto16.”
“It’sboring!”saidJed.
Suddenly,theyfelttheboatmove.Itmovedslowlyoffthesandbank.Andtheenginestartedagain.Justatthesametimetheynoticedablack17bytheboatsideandinnotimeitdisappearedinthebrownwaterahead.
They18theirjourneydowntheriver.Itwassoexciting.
Atnoontheysawasmallriver19offthemaincourse.Itwasn’tonthemap.“Let’s20inthere!”saidNella.
Theboatturnedintothesmallerchannel.Onbothsidesgrewthickunknowntrees.
1.A.mealB.breakfastC.dinnerD.lunch
2.A.realizedB.discoveredC.foundD.thought
3.A.sunB.boatC.fireD.seat
4.A.awayB.aroundC.onD.up
5.A.flowB.floodC.directionD.position
6.A.smoothlyB.normallyC.badlyD.hardly
7.A.walkingB.lyingC.runningD.sleeping
8.A.sandsB.woodsC.airD.water
9.A.seriousB.braveC.carefulD.slow
10.A.bendB.riverC.animalD.boat
11.A.putoutB.brokedownC.gaveinD.gotoff
12.A.plannedB.managedC.intendedD.tried
13.A.stuckB.delayedC.stoppedD.kept
14.A.riverB.creatureC.sandbankD.stone
15.A.restB.picnicC.sightseeingD.fun
16.A.fallB.comeC.riseD.run
17.A.snakeB.fishC.shadowD.figure
18.A.continuedB.startedC.endedD.went
19.A.separatingB.leadingC.dividingD.leaving
20.A.observeB.watchC.exploreD.play

二、阅读理解
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
(A)
Lastnightwasthelastgameformyeight-year-oldson’ssoccerteam.Itwasthefinalquarter.Thescorewastwotoone,myson’steaminthelead.Parentssurroundedtheplayground,offeringencouragement.
Withlessthantensecondsremaining,theballsuddenlyrolledinfrontofmyson’steammate,MickeyO’Donnel.Withshoutsof“Kickit!”echoingacrosstheplayground,Mickeyturnedaroundandgaveiteverythinghehad.Allaroundmethecrowderupted.O’Donnelhadscored.
Thentherewassilence.Mickeyhadscoredallright,butinthewronggoal,endingthegameinatie.Foramomenttherewasatotalhush.Yousee,MickeyhasDown’ssyndrome(唐氏综合征)andforhimthereisnosuchthingasawronggoal.AllgoalswerecelebratedbyajoyoushugfromMickey.Hehadevenbeenknowntohugtheopposingplayerswhentheyscored.
ThesilencewasfinallybrokenwhenMickey,hisfacefilledwithjoy,huggedmysontightlyandshouted,“Iscored!Iscored.Everybodywon!Everybodywon!”ForamomentIheldmybreath,notsurehowmysonwouldreact.Ineednothaveworried.Iwatched,throughtears,asmysonthrewuphishandintheclassichigh-fivesaluteandstartedchanting,“WaytogoMickey!WaytogoMickey!”WithinmomentsbothteamssurroundedMickey,joininginthechantandcongratulatinghimonhisgoal
Laterthatnight,whenmydaughteraskedwhohadwon,IsmiledasIreplied,“Itwasatie.Everybodywon.”
1.Whatwasthescoreofthesoccermatch?
A.Twototwo,equaltoboththeteams.
B.ThreetooneinMickey’steam’sfavor.
C.Twotooneintheoppositeteam’sfavor.
D.TwotooneinMickey’steam’sfavor.
2.Theunderlinedword"hush"inParagraph3means.
A.cheerB.cryC.laughterD.silence
3.“WhatdidtheauthorworryaboutwhenMickeyscoredandhuggedhisson?
A.Theresultofthematchwouldfailhisson.
B.HissonwouldshoutatMickeyforhisgoal.
C.Mickeywouldagainhugtheopposingplayers.
D.HissonwouldunderstandMickey’swronggoal.
4.WhydidMickeykickawronggoal?
A.Helikedtheopposingplayers.
B.Heoftenkickedthewronggoal.
C.Hehadadisease.
D.Hejustwantedtogetscores.
5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.
A.bothteamslikedandrespectedMickey
B.bothteamswerethankfultoMickeyforhisgoal
C.Mickeydidn’tmindthoughhisgoalwaswrong
D.Mickeywasakind-heartedboyandhopedeverybodywon

(B)
AnAustraliancompany,SmartCarTechnologies,hasdevelopedasystemthatletsdriversknowwhenthey’respeeding.Whenthetechnologybecomescommerciallyavailable,itcouldhelplead-footeddriversavoidticketsandalsosavelives.ThecompanythatdevelopedtheproducthopestoconvinceAustraliangovernmentagenciestoputthetechnologyintouseintheirautomobilefleets.
Theproduct,calledSpeedAlert,linksreal-timelocationdataandspeedobtainedwiththehelpofGPStoadatabaseofpostedspeedlimitsstoredinadriver’sPDAorprogrammablemobilephone.Theset-upoftheproductdoesnotneedtobehookeduptoacar’sspeedometer.Infact,itisentirelyportable.ItwillalsoworkwithnewerphonesandPDAsthathavebuilt-inGPSreceivers.Ifadriverexceedsthespeedlimit,thespeedisshownandanalertsounds.
MichaelPaine,anAustralianvehicledesignengineerandtrafficsafetyconsultant,washiredtoanalyzetheproduct.HetoldLiveSciencethathiscolleaguesintheroadsafetyfieldare“veryenthusiastic”aboutwhatthey’renowcalling“intelligentspeedalert”.Othersresearch,accordingtoPaine,showsthat40percentofalltrafficdeathsinvolvespeeding.Thereisalsoapotentiallycontroversialfutureuse:“Sincethesystemissoportable,itwouldbeeasytomakeitarequirement|orteenagedriverstoalwaysuseaspeedalertdevicewhendriving.”Painesaid.“Thesystemevenhasthecapabilitytorecordspeedingviolations,soparentscanmonitortheirteenagedrivers.”
TheproductwillsoongoonsaleinSydney.
6.What’sthepurposeofthenewproduct?
A.Toinformusofthenewcarsystem.
B.Tointroducesomeimprovementsincars.
C.Tolimitcertaindriverstosafedriving.
D.Topopularizethebuilt-incarsystem.
7.Theunderlinedwords"lead-footeddrivers"refertotheones.
A.whodrivetoocarelessly
B.thatdriveextremelyfast
C.whoarepartlydisabled
D.thatdrivetooslowly
8.Thesecondparagraphmainlytalksabout.
A.theprojectofthebuilt-inproduct
B.whythesystembecomespopular
C.thefunctionsofGPSincars
D.howtheproductisprogrammed
9.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A.SpeedAlertandItsFutureUse
B.ProgressinCar-makingScience
C.WarningforAdventurousDrivers
D.NewIn-CarDeviceagainstSpeeding

(C)
Flagsareflyingathalf-mastacrossChina.
Chinaiscomingtotheendofanofficialperiodofmourningforthosewhodiedinlastweek’searthquakeinSichuanprovince.Forthreedays,therehavebeennoentertainmenteventsandthegovernmenthasdelayedtheOlympictorchrelay.
Chineseofficialshavesaidthatthedeathtollfromthecatastrophehasnowrisentoover41,000.Over230,000peoplewereinjured.
Alongwiththemanyaccountsofsufferingandloss,therehavebeenafewamazingstoriesofsurvival.ChinesenewsreportedtodaythatawomaninHongbaihasbeenrescuedafterbeingtrappedinatunnelforninedays.Shehasbeentakentohospitalandisexpectedtosurvive.
However,hopesarequicklyfadingforthosewhoremaintrapped.AccordingtotheStateCouncilover32,000peoplearemissinginthequakearea.
Therescueworkers’attentionisnowturningtowardstherecoveryofbodiesfromtherubble(瓦砾)andprovidingfood,shelteranddrinkingwaterforthesurvivors.
Butthereliefoperationhasbeenhampered(妨碍)byaseriesofaftershocks,thestrongestmeasuring6.1ontheRichterscale.
Chinesenewsreportssaythatmudslideshaveburied200reliefworkersinthepastfourdays.Therearealsoreportsthatthousandsofresidentshavebeenevacuated(疏散)fromanareainQingchuancountywherelargecrackshaveappearedonthetopofamountain.
OnMonday,tensofthousandsofpeoplerushedfromtheirhomesafterthegovernmentwarnedofapossiblemajoraftershock.Theysleptonthestreetsordrovetoopenground.
Continuousrainisaddingtothemiseryforthehomeless.Theforeignministryhasappealedtotheinternationalcommunitytoprovidetentsforthefivemillionpeoplewhohavelosttheirhomes.
Yesterday,PremierWenJiabaopromisedtosend250,000temporaryhousingunitstotheregionbytheendofJune,andonemillionwithinthreemonths.
10.Accordingtothepassage,howmanypeoplebecamehomelessaftertheearthquake?
A.41,000.B.230,000.C.32,000.D.5,000,000.
11.Whatisthemajordifficultyinthereliefoperation?
A.Therehavebeenconstantaftershocksinthequakearea.
B.Manypeoplesleptonthestreetsordrovetoopenground.
C.Therearestillmanypeopleremainingtrapped.
D.Largecrackshaveappearedonthetopofamountain.
12.Whatistheprobablemeaningoftheword“catastrophe”inthethirdparagraph?
A.Bighospitals.B.Constantaftershocks.
C.Greatdisaster.D.Manymudslides.
13.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytellus?
A.TheOlympictorchrelayhasbeendelayedbytheChinesegovernment.
B.Over41,000peoplediedand230,000wereinjuredinlastweek’searthquake.
C.200reliefworkershavebeenburiedbymudslidesinthepastfourdays.
D.Thegreatearthquakehascausedgreatlosstothepeople,andtheyneedhelp.


一、完形填空:1~5BCDAA6~10CBDCA11~15BDACB16~20CDABC

二、阅读理解:1~5ADBCA6~9CBDD10~13DACD

扩展阅读

高考英语备考名词性从句


俗话说,凡事预则立,不预则废。教师要准备好教案,这是教师需要精心准备的。教案可以让讲的知识能够轻松被学生吸收,使教师有一个简单易懂的教学思路。那么怎么才能写出优秀的教案呢?为此,小编从网络上为大家精心整理了《高考英语备考名词性从句》,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。

2011高考英语备考(考点聚焦+名题导解)名词性从句

一、考点聚焦
1、名词性从句中连接词的运用
名词性从句中的连接词有连词that/whether/asif,连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。
(1)that的用法。[ks5u.com]
①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如:
ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.
Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.
SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.
②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省,在以下几种情况中that不能省略:(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;(B)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省;(C)当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。如:
Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstand
wine
Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.
Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.
③that从句作主语和宾语时,可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。
(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…(D)Itseems/happensthat。如:
IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.
ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.
④that和what的区别。
that引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不以当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义;而what引导名词性从句时,在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词即常说的先行词+that。如:
It’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.Dowhathesays.
⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。
同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语,宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句,就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容,如以下名词:news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等,而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如:
TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)
ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(定语从句)
(2)whether和if的用法。
①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如:
Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.
②后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如:
Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.
③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如:
Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.
④whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if不能。如:
Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecando
itornot.
⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用;whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如:
Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimpor-
tant.
Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.
⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如:
Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.
⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”,而if不能。如:
Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.
(3)疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。
①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如:
Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.
Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.
②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如:
Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,
Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.
③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如:
Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.
Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.
(4)when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词,则when和where引导的是定语从句,否则则为同位语从句。如:
Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.
Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.
2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致
(1)宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致,但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象,虽然主句是过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。如:
Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?
Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.
(2)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数,如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数。如:
Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.
Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.
3、名词性从句的词序
名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如:
Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.
We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.
Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1.Acomputercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.
A.howB.afterC.whatD.when
解析:答案为C。本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分,故what最合适。
2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek..
—Isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET99)
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where
解析:答案为A。此题考查的是从句的用法。根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了。”下面一句接着问:“那就是你为什么离开的原因吗?”故用why引导表语从句表示原因。
3.Ihate__________whenpeopetalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET98)
A.itB.thatC.theseD.them
解析:答案为A。本题考查的是形式宾语的用法。题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”。该空白处没有任何含义,而且已经用了when连接该宾语从句,所以此处只填一个形式宾语it。
4.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknowI’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.
A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how
解析:答案为C。考查宾语从句连词用法,由结构sb.beuptosth.可知,应选what作介词to的宾语。
5.Wecannotfigureoutquiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.
A.thatB.asC.whyD.when
解析:答案为C。本题考查宾语从句知识,figureout为及物动词,故此句为宾语从句,从句意得知连词在从句中作原因状语,故选why.
6.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,ourastronautsdesiredoiswalkinspace.
A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how
解析:答案为B。此题句子为时间状语从句,全主句的主语是由主语从句来充当的,并且主语从句中不定式动词do缺少宾语,故选what。

2011高考英语备考(考点聚焦+名题导解)名词性从句

一、考点聚焦
1、名词性从句中连接词的运用
名词性从句中的连接词有连词that/whether/asif,连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。
(1)that的用法。[ks5u.com]
①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如:
ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.
Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.
SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.
②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省,在以下几种情况中that不能省略:(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;(B)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省;(C)当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。如:
Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstand
wine
Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.
Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.
③that从句作主语和宾语时,可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。
(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…(D)Itseems/happensthat。如:
IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.
ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.
④that和what的区别。
that引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不以当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义;而what引导名词性从句时,在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词即常说的先行词+that。如:
It’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.Dowhathesays.
⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。
同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语,宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句,就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容,如以下名词:news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等,而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如:
TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)
ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(定语从句)
(2)whether和if的用法。
①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如:
Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.
②后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如:
Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.
③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如:
Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.
④whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if不能。如:
Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecando
itornot.
⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用;whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如:
Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimpor-
tant.
Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.
⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如:
Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.
⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”,而if不能。如:
Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.
(3)疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。
①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如:
Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.
Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.
②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如:
Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,
Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.
③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如:
Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.
Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.
(4)when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词,则when和where引导的是定语从句,否则则为同位语从句。如:
Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.
Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.
2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致
(1)宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致,但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象,虽然主句是过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。如:
Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?
Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.
(2)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数,如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数。如:
Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.
Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.
3、名词性从句的词序
名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如:
Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.
We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.
Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1.Acomputercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.
A.howB.afterC.whatD.when
解析:答案为C。本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分,故what最合适。
2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek..
—Isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET99)
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where
解析:答案为A。此题考查的是从句的用法。根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了。”下面一句接着问:“那就是你为什么离开的原因吗?”故用why引导表语从句表示原因。
3.Ihate__________whenpeopetalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET98)
A.itB.thatC.theseD.them
解析:答案为A。本题考查的是形式宾语的用法。题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”。该空白处没有任何含义,而且已经用了when连接该宾语从句,所以此处只填一个形式宾语it。
4.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknowI’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.
A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how
解析:答案为C。考查宾语从句连词用法,由结构sb.beuptosth.可知,应选what作介词to的宾语。
5.Wecannotfigureoutquiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.
A.thatB.asC.whyD.when
解析:答案为C。本题考查宾语从句知识,figureout为及物动词,故此句为宾语从句,从句意得知连词在从句中作原因状语,故选why.
6.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,ourastronautsdesiredoiswalkinspace.
A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how
解析:答案为B。此题句子为时间状语从句,全主句的主语是由主语从句来充当的,并且主语从句中不定式动词do缺少宾语,故选what。

高考英语名词性从句专项复习


一名优秀负责的教师就要对每一位学生尽职尽责,作为教师就要精心准备好合适的教案。教案可以保证学生们在上课时能够更好的听课,有效的提高课堂的教学效率。怎么才能让教案写的更加全面呢?下面是由小编为大家整理的“高考英语名词性从句专项复习”,欢迎您参考,希望对您有所助益!

英语科5年高考3年模拟[浙江专版]
专题11名词性从句

一、概念
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主要考查语序问题、连接词选用、时态的呼应等
Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.
Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.
Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.
Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.
2.引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
从属连词:that,whether,if不充当从句的任何成分
连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which,whichever.(作主、宾、表、补)
连接副词:
when,where,how,why,however,wherever(状)
主语从句的用法
一、主语从句在复合句中作主语,它可
以位于句首,但常见的主语从句多放在
句末,句首则用形式主语it。
1.Thattheearthisroundistrue.
=Itistruethattheearthisround
2.Whetherhewillcomehasn’tbeendecided.
=Ithasn’tbeendecidedwhetherhewillcome.
注意:连词that,whether在从句中不担任句子成分,只起连接作用,不能省略(注:if不可用来引导主语从句)
WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.
(ItisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoAmerica.)
Whoeverleavestheroomlastshouldclosethedoor.
Whateverwedomustbeintheinterestsofthepeople.
3.常见的it作形式主语的结构
1)Itisafactthathewonthematch.
2)ItisnecessarythatwedostudytheEnglish.
3)Itisknowntoallthatlighttravelsinstraightlines.
4)Itseemedthathewouldcomehere
基本句型结构常用词语
Itis+名词+that从句Itisafact/ashame/apity/nowonder/
goodnews/…that…

Itis+形容词+that从句Itisnecessary/strange/important/
possible/likely/…that…这类主语从
句中,谓语动词常为(should)+动词原形

Itis+过去分词+that从句Itissaid/reported/decided/known/
…that…

It+不及物动词+that从句Itseemed/happened/doesn’t
matter/hasturnedout/…that

二、it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
it作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:
Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.
Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.
Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.
ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.
宾语从句的用法
句子结构:
主句+连接词(引导词)+宾语从句
1.Webelieve(that)heishonest.
2.Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?
3.Idon’trememberwhenwearrived
4.Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.
5.weshouldthinkofhowwecandomoreforothers
在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词之后,宾语从句中谓语的否定常转移到主句的谓语上。
Idon’tbelievehewillgo.
Wedon’texpectheiscoming.
Idon’tthinkhecandoit,canhe?
You/Theydon’tthinkhecandoit,dothey?
在接复合宾语的句子中,为了保持句子平衡,用it作形式宾语,将从句放于句尾,常接复合宾语的动词有:make,find,see,hear,feel,think...
Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.
Ithinkitapitytowastethefood
表语从句的用法
在复合句中用作表语的从句是表语从句,引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用asif引导。其基本结构为:主语+系动词+that从句。
That’swhatweshoulddo.
That’swhyIwanttoseeyou.
ThereasonformyabsencewasthatIwasill.
1.be,seem,look等动词后均可跟表语从句:
Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgoshopping.
Itseemsthatitisgoingtorain
2.asif,because也可引导表语从句。
Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.
ItwasbecauseIgotuplate.
3.在非正式文体中,引导表语从句的that可以省略。如:
Thetroubleis(that)heisill
注意:在表语从句中,当reason做主语时,引导词只能用that,不能用because,如:他迟到的原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathedidn’tcatchtheearlybus.
同位语从句的用法
在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,doubt,questiondreamadvice,proofdecision等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词.
1.Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.
2.Ihavenoideawhentheywillgo.
3.Thesuggestionthattheplan(should)bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.
名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可省略.
同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开:
ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilled
thekingwithanarrow.
Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon
九大热点问题
1..同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1).Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontimemadeeverybodyhappy.
2).Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportisthataheavystormiscoming.
3).Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.
4).Thesuggestionthattheyareconsideringisthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical
同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处
从句的作用不同:同位语从句用来进一步
说明前面名词的内容;定语从句用来修饰、
限定前面的名词(相当于一个定语)。
e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatch
isencouraging.(从句说明“消息”的内容:我们队取得了决赛胜利。)
Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.
(从句对“消息”加以限定:是你告诉我们的,而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。)
引导从句的关联词that的功能不同:that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词,不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。
e.g.1)DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.(that不充当任何成分)
2)Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren.
(that指代promise,又在从句中充当主语。)
Choosethebestanswer
2.语序问题(名词性从句用陈述语序)
3.whetherif的区别
I.Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouwillgotothelecturestomorrow.
II.Italldependsonwhethertheskywillclearup.
III.Thequestioniswhetherthefilmiswellworthseeing.
IV.Canyoutellmewhetherornotthetrainhasleft?
V.Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.
VI.Hedoesn’tknowwhethertostay.
A.引导宾语从句,位于及物动词后
B.引导宾语从句,位于介词后
C.引导主语从句,放句首
D.引导表语从句,主语从句或同位语从句
E.可与ornot直接连用
4.Whatthat的区别(在名词性从句中)
I.Ithinkthatitisunnecessaryformetospeaklouder.
II.Hismotherissatisfiedwithwhathehasdone.
III.Thathewasabletocomemadeushappy.
IV.Thisiswhatmakesusinterested.
V.ThereasonwasthatTodhadneverseenthemillion-poundnotebefore.

所引导的从句中是否缺主语、表语或宾语汉语意义能否省略
What缺什么;所……的
东西、事情否
that不缺无意义宾语从句中能省略

5..that引导名词性从句的省略情况
1)that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时,不能省略。
e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.
2)宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省,在以下几种情况中that不能省略:
(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;Ithink,hesaid,thatTomwillcome.
(B)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时(或带两个以上宾语从句),that不能省;
(C)当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉(很少在介词后引导宾从,只在except,but,beside,in后才用。介词后一般用what,whether连接,不用which,if连接)如:
Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.
Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.
6.Who/whoever,what/whatever等的用法区别。
一般说来,what/who等含特指意义,而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义,意为“无论什么/无论谁”。
7.Where,when,why等连接副词引导的名词性从句。
Where,when,why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句,使用的关键是:这个词必须符合句子的逻辑意义要求。
8.“介词+who(m)引导的宾语从句”与“介词+whom”引导的定语从句的区别。
介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格,决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。例如:
Itwasamatterof____wouldtaketheposition.
A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever
9疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。
①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如:
Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.
Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.
②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如:
Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,
Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.
③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如:
Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.
Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.
w考点解析
名词性从句中引导词that与what的使用场合。
that引导名从时,无意义不当句子成分,只是引导词;而what引导名从时,在从句中要充当主宾表等句子成分,what表“什么…”=allthat或sth.that
1.Themountainisnolonger____itusedtobe.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.as
2.Thereismuchchance____Billwillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimefortherace.
A.thatB.whichC.untilD.if
3.Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewas_____kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.
A.thatB.allthatC.allwhatD.which
4.Youcanonlybesureof_____youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething___youmightgetinthefuture.[2007安徽卷]
A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that
Tips:定语从句引导词中,有that没有what。
名词性从句中引导词whether与if的用法区别。
If在名从中可以用在:
1.引导及物动词或形容词后的宾语从句
2.当与ornot分开使用时Hewonderedif/whetherwewillattendthemeetingornot.
Whether所有名从都可以
1_____theflighttoNewYorkwillbedelayedis____I’mespeciallyworriedabout.
A.If;whatB.Whether;thatC.When;thatD.Whether;what
“(should)+do”
在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气,常用句型有:
(1)Itisnecessary,(important,natural,strange,etc.)that...
(2)Itissuggested,(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that...
(3)一坚持(insist)、二命令(order,command)、三建议(suggest,advise,propose)、四要求(demand,desire,require,request)。
(4)主语是suggestion,proposal,request,decision等表“建议、请求、要求、决定”等意思的词时,表语从句,同位语中谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”。如:Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)holdanothermeetingtodiscussthequestion.
1.Iadvisedthathe_____tothehospitalatonce,butheinsistedthathe_____quitewellthen.
A.besent;wasfeelingB.wassent;sent
C.besent;feelD.shouldbesent;shouldfeel
名词性从句的语序只能是陈述句语序,宾语从句的时态应该与主句的谓语动词的时态保持一致。
Eg.Theyareteachersanddon’trealize______tostartandrunacompany.
A.whattakesitB.whattheytakeC.whattakesthemD.whatittakes
whoever,whichever,whatever,whenever,wherever和however可以引导名从和让步状从;nomatterwho/which/what/when/where/how只能引导让步主语从句。
⑦—Haveanicetrip!—Thanks.I’lltelephoneyoufrom_____Igettobytomorrowevening.
A.whereverB.everyplaceC.wheneverD.nomatterwhere
that的用法
1.that引导从句小结
1.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin____wasawastelandtenyearsago.
 A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where
2.Becauseofmypoormemory,all____youtoldmehasbeenforgotten.
 A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as
3.Withhisworkcompleted,thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat,feelingpleased____hewasamanofaction.
 A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
4.Itiswhatyoudoratherthanwhatyousay_______matters.
 A.thatB.whatC.whichD.this
5.Hisplanwassuchagoodone_________weallagreedtoacceptit.
 A.soB.whatC.thatD.as
6____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What/becauseB.What/thatC.That/whatD.That/because
2.that在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不可省略,但当有两个和两个以上的宾语从句并列时,第二个从句以下的that不可省略。
如:Shesaid(that)shehadleftschoolandthatherparentswouldfindherajob.
3.介词后的宾语从句常用what,whether引导,不用that,which引导。但在介词besides,except,in,but后可用that引导宾语从句。
Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat____Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.
A.asB.whichC.whatD.that
4.定语从句与同位语从句中that的区别,主要看that在从句中有没有语法作用。
定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语,有时可以与which互换。同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而如果句子是同位语从句,就应用连词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词如:fact、suggestion、truth、possibility、idea等后面,解释名词的含义或内容,而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。
例如:ThefootballstarHenryexpressedthehopethathewouldcometovisitChinaagainin2008. 同位语从句,从句就是hope的内容;
ThehopethefootballstarHenryexpressedisthathewouldcometovisitChinaagainin2008.定语从句,从句修饰hope,是“表达的”愿望。
1.…Itsthirtyyearssincewelastmet.
…ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,____wegotlostonarainynight.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when
2.Istillrememberthebignamesinthestories____mymothertoldmewhenIwasyoung.A.whenB.thatC.whatD.where

五年高考
A组全国高考题组
1.Imadeapromisetomyself______thisyear,myfirstyearinhighschool,wouldbedifferent.
A.whetherB.whatC.thatD.how
名词性从句—同位语从句
C
that引导同位语从句,在从句中不做句子成分,补充说明同位语promise的内容。
2.34.ThenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandsearchedforhecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.
A.whereverB.howeverC.whateverD.whichever
连词用法。
C
介词for后面加的是宾语从句,且从句中find缺少宾语,所以用whatever,选C项
3.Scientistsstudy____humanbrainsworktomakecomputers.
A.whenB.howC.thatD.whether
B
本题考查名词性从句。
句意为:科学家研究人类大脑是如何工作以制造出电脑的。根据句意,故答案选B。
4.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimhehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.
A.whetherB.whereC.whichD.that
D
考察名词性从句当中的主语从句。
it作形式主语,真正的主语为thathehadlefthiskeysintheoffice。且that在句中无意义,并不充当任何成分。
5.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoonthemeetingwouldbepostponed.
A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.how
名词性从句-同位语从句
B
句意为:会议将被延期的通知大约下午两点钟来。空格后的句子是解释说明名词thenotice,作同位语从句,在从句中不做任何成分,所以用that引导。
6.Thelimitsofaperson’sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,but
hereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.
A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why
B
首先把插入语generallyspeaking删掉,选择B.本题考查名词性从句,butwhetherhereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.
考查名词性从句。
7.Itisbynomeansclearthepresidentcandotoendthestrike.
A.howB.which
C.thatD.what
D
此处it是形式主语,what引导的是主语从句,作真正的主语。What作do的宾语。句意:总统采取什么行动结束这次罢工一点也不清楚。
考查主语从句的连接词。
8.Itdoesn’tmatter________youpaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.
A.howB.whether
C.whatD.why
B
此处it是形式主语,后面whether...or…引导的主语从句是真正的主语,whether...or…意为:是…还是…都行。句意:在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。
考查主语从句的连接词。
9.Wepromiseattendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.
A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever
本句考查连词的辨析
C
首先本句考查的关键短语是promisesbsth“向某人承诺某事“本句指的是向参加聚会的人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会,不定式做chance的定语,然后就是参加聚会的任何人whoever=anyonewho,这样句子就很清晰了,所以划分句子成分非常关键,以前考察whoever都是做状语,而本题考查的是作promise的宾语,挺新颖的。
B组2008-全国高考题组
1.__________BarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.
A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.Whom
B
考察名词性从句中的主语从句。
句意:这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。结合句意可知答案为A,此处what引导的宾语从句是一个感叹句。
2.Thereisclearevidence_____themostdifficultfeelingofalltointerpretisbodilypain.
A.whatB.ifC.howD.that
D
考查名词性从句中的同位语从句。
句意为:证据表明,所有能够说明的感觉中最困难的是身体的疼痛。分析句子结构,从句中不错成分,故用关联词that。
3.Iamafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichis______heneverfinishesanything.
A.thatB.whenC.whereD.why
D
考查表语从句。
句义:我恐怕他比起来一个实践家更是一个空谈家,那就是他一事无成的原因。本文“whichis..”引导的一个非限定性定语从句中有一个表语从句根据句意用“why”引导。
4.Thevillagershavealreadyknown______we’lldoistorebuildthebridge.
A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which
C
考察宾语从句和主语从句。
村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥,后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物,所以选择what。
5.Itwasneverclear_______themanhadn’treportedtheaccidentsooner.
A.thatB.howC.whenD.why
A
考查主语从句。
句意:这名男子没有早点报告这次事故的原因根本没有搞清楚。It在句中是形式主语,真正的主语是why引导的主语从句。
6.Hiswritingissoconfusingthatit’sdifficulttomakeout_____itisheistryingtoexpress.
A.thatB.howC.whoD.what
D
考查名词性从句。
句意为:他的笔迹非常混乱,很难弄清他想表达什么意思。本题考查动词短语makeout引起的的宾语从句,该空在宾语从句中作express的宾语,表示事物,故选择D项。That在宾语从句中不作句子成分;how作方式状语;who作主语,指人。只有what可用作宾语并且指事物。
7.—Howaboutcampingthisweekend,justforachange?
—OK,youwant.
A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whoever
C
本题考查引导词。
句意:“这个周末野营怎么样,来点新鲜的?”“好啊,按你的意思吧!”根据语境分析出后者支持前面的提出的观点。
8.Itisuncertainsideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.
A.thatB.whatC.howD.whether
B
本题考查主语从句的引导词。
根据句意:尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物,但是,它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。sideeffect意思是“副作用”,还原主语从句中的主干是themedicinewillbringabout______sideeffect。故选择what,形容词“什么样的”,起修饰作用。
9.-Isthereanypossibility______youcouldpickmeupattheairport?
-Noproblem.
A.WhenB.thatC.whetherD.what
B
考查同位语从句。
——你能到机场接我吗?——没问题。答案B。
10.Weshouldconsiderthestudents’request___theschoollibraryprovidemorebooksonpopularscience.
A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where
A
考查宾语从句。
我们应当考虑下学生们的要求:学校图书馆能多提供些关于科普方面的书。考查同位语从句。从句句子结构完整,因此用that引导。答案A。
11.Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagedifferentfrom______theirparentsspeakathome.
A.whatB.thatC.whichD.one
A
考查宾语从句。
句中的from缺少宾语,what既引导了宾语从句,又充当了speak的宾语。
12.isknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.
A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which
B
考查主语从句。
分析题干结构“isknowntousall”是主语从句,从句中缺少主语,what引导主语从句,在从句中作主语。如果选it,需去掉all后的is;如果选as;需去掉isthat。
三年模拟
A组全国模拟题组
1.(浙江省部分重点中学高三第二学期3月联考试题,13)Itwasthetraining_______hehadatschool_______madehimgoodjumper.
A.what;whatB.that;that
C.what;thatD.that;had
2.(浙江省苍南县树人中学高三第一次月考试题,29)Wasitinthegarden______weusedtoworkin______thefamousactorsandactresseshadapicnic?
A.that;whereB.which;thatC.where;thatD.which;where
3.(浙江省慈溪中学高三10月月考,18)Anadvertisementisusefulin_______itletscustomersknowofthekindsofgoodsintheshops.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether
4.(浙江省岱山县大衢中学高三12月月考,7)Theengineersaresobusythattheyhavenotimeforoutdoorsportsactivities,________theyhavetheinterest.
A.whereverB.wheneverC.evenifD.asif
5.(浙江省东阳市南马高中高三下学期入学考试,11)______issurprisingisthattherearesomanyChineserestaurantsinToronto.
A.ItB.ThatC.SuchD.What
6.(浙江省奉化市第二中学高三上学期第三次月考,17)Ican’tunderstandishewantstochangehismind.
A.That,whatB.That,whyC.What,whatD.What,why
7.(浙江省杭州市高三第一次高考教学质量检测,12)
—NexttimeyouareinNewYork,camandvisitus,willyou?
—I’dliketoseeyouconvenient.
A.whateverB.whereverC.howeverD.whenever
8.(浙江省六校联盟高三第一次联考,9)ThenationalspiritslikebraveheartsshowedinthefilmTheFlowersofWarare______deeplymovedtheaudience.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who
9.(浙江省宁波市高三上学期期末试题,3)
—Haveyoufinishedthebook?
—NO.Ivereadupto_______thechildrendiscoverthesecretcave.
A.whereB.whatC.thatD.which
10.(浙江省宁波市鄞州区高三高考适应性考试(3月),15)
--What’syouridea?[
--Myopinionis_________happens,weshouldnotstopthereform.
A.when;whatB.that;whenC.that;whateverD.when;what
11.(浙江省瑞安中学高三上学期期末试题,10)
----Whendidthecoupledie?
----ItwasonMay12_______theearthquakehitWenchuanCounty.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what
12.(浙江省余姚中学高三第一次质检,7)
—DoyouthinkitwiseforChinesemotherstotrytodoeverythingfortheirchildren?
—No,that’s_____theyaremistaken.
A.whereB.whenC.inwhichD.what
B组2010-全国模拟题组
1.(杭师大附中2010学年高三年级第三次月考,6)Arewardof$1,000willbegiventocanprovideanycluestothecasewhichhasbeeninvestigatedbythepolicefornearlyhalfayear.
A.whoeverB.whomeverC.anyoneD.who
2.(浙江省杭州市高三第一次高考科目教学质量检测,8)Iwishtherewasmoreinformationaboutcaloriesinrestaurants.Itwouldmakeiteasierformetoknowtoeat.
A.howB.whatC.whenD.where
3.(浙江省杭州市长河高中高三第二次模拟考试,15)Actually,workshardcanbetheywanttobe,whetheritisapilot,anengineeroramanager.
A.anyone;whoeverB.nomatterwho;whoever
C.whoever;nomatterwhatD.whoever;whatever
4.(浙江省金华市艾青中学高三模拟考试2,11)OurnewscienceteachercomesfromeitherNewYorkorWashington.ButIcan’tremember_______.
A.whereB.thereC.whichD.that
5.(浙江省金华一中、慈溪中学、学军中学三校高三联考,13)
--I’vereadanotherbookthisweek.
--Well,maybe_____isnothowmuchyoureadbutwhatyouread______counts.
A.this;itB.that;whichC.there;oneD.it;that
6.(浙江省嵊州二中高三12月月考,18)
—Mum,whydoyoukeepstaringatme?HaveIdoneanythingwrong?
—Youlookstupid!Thewayyouaredressedis________annoysmemost.
A.whichB.whereC.howD.what
7.(菱湖中学学年第一学期高三英语期中考试,30)Theyaskedtheteacher_____________.
A.whenwilltheyhavetheexamB.whenwewouldhavetheexam
C.whentheywouldhavetheexamD.whenwouldtheyhavetheexam
8.(浙江省瑞安中学高三暑期总结性测试,18)
—I’vereadanotherbookthisweek.
—Well,maybeisnothowmuchyoureadbutwhatyoureadthatcounts.
A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it
9.(浙江省海盐县元济高级中学高三第一次摸底考试,29)______hungryIam,Ineverseemtobeabletofinishoffthisloafofbread.
A.HoweverB.WheneverC.WhereverD.Whatever
10.(浙江省杭州高级中学高三上学期第一次月考14)Todayimpressionistpaintingsareacceptedasthebeginningof______wecall“modernart”.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how

高考英语名词性从句语法复习


一名优秀的教师在每次教学前有自己的事先计划,作为高中教师就要早早地准备好适合的教案课件。教案可以让学生能够在教学期间跟着互动起来,减轻高中教师们在教学时的教学压力。高中教案的内容要写些什么更好呢?下面是小编帮大家编辑的《高考英语名词性从句语法复习》,欢迎大家阅读,希望对大家有所帮助。

高中英语语法之名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连词:that(无任何词意)whether,if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)asif,asthough(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,whichever,whomever
连接副词:when,where,how,why,howmany,howmuch,howoften
不可省略的连词:
1.介词后的连词
2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.
比较:whether与if均为"是否"的意思。但在下列情况下,只可用whether:
1.whether引导主语从句并在句首2.引导表语从句3.whether从句作介词宾语4.从句后有"ornot"
Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语。
Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.
二.主语从句
1、作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。例如:
Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:
(1)It+be+名词+that从句(2)It+be+形容词+that从句(3)It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句(4)It+不及物动词+that从句
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”,常用的句型有:Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…
2、第一部分:常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语
主语从句的时态:不受主句的时态影响和限制。
(1)Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.
(2)Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.
(3)Whowillbeourmonitorhasntbeendecidedyet.
(4)Whomwemuststudyforisaquestionofgreatimportance.
(5)Whatcausedtheaccidentremainsunknown.
(6)Whateveryoudidisright.
(7)Whothewatchbelongstowaslostisunknown.
(8)Whatweneedistime.
(9)Whatweneedaregooddoctors.
小结:(1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等(2)连词位于句首不能省略(3)主语从句大多数情况下视为三单,但也有例外,如例9
第二部分:为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在主语位置,真正主语搁置于句末
(1)Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch.
(2)Itistruethathehasmadeaveryimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.
(3)Itisverylikelythattheywillholdameeting.
(4)Itisstrangethatheshoulddothat.
(5)Itisimportantthatweallshouldattendthemeeting.
(6)Itisstrangethatthemanshouldhavestucktohissillyideas.
(7)Itisapitythatwewontbeabletogotothesouthtospendoursummervacation.
(8)Itisstillamysterywhatcausedtheaccident.
(9)Itissaidthathehasgonetoshanghai.(=Heissaidtohavegonetoshanghai)
(10)ItisknowntoallthatthegunpowderwasfirstinventedbytheChinese.
(11)Itissuggestedthattheworkshouldbedonewithgreatcare.
(12)Itseemsthathehasseenthefilm.(=Heseemstohaveseenthefilm)
(13)Ithappenedthatthetwocheatswerethere.(=Thetwocheatshappenedtobethere)
小结:(1)以that引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导.Itis+形容词/名词/某些动词ed+that从句.(2)在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气(should+do/should+havedone)例句4,5,6,11.
3、主语从句的用法
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1.It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.
2.用it作形式主语的结构
(1)Itis+名词+从句
Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸
Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识
(2)itis+形容词+从句
Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…
(3)it+不及物动词+从句
Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…
(4)itis+过去分词+从句
Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…
3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2)Itissaid,(reported)…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek.
(3)Ithappens…,Itoccurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.
(4)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.
(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:
Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?
4.What与that在引导主语从句时的区别
What引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that则不然。例如:Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.
三、宾语从句
名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如:
HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。
注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+动词原形”。例如:
Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我坚持要她自己工作。
Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令员命令部队马上出发。
2.用who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如:Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告诉了你什么。
Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。
3.用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:
a.引导主语从句并在句首时;b.引导表语从句时;c.引导从句作介词宾语时;d.从句后有“ornot”时;e.后接动词不定式时。例如:
Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?现在的问题是她是否应该有一个低意见的测试?Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.我想知道他来还是不来。Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?你能否告诉我是去还是留?
4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用不同时态。例如:
hestudiesEnglisheveryday.(从句用一般现在时)
hestudiedEnglishlastterm.(从句用一般过去时)
Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.(从句用一般将来时)
hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.(从句用现在完成时)
当主句动词是过去时态(could,would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。例如:TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica.
5.think,believe,imagine,suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如:
Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.我们认为你不在这。
Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不会这样做。
6.时态:1.主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。2.主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。
3.主句用过去时,从句是客观真理时,只用一般现在时。
7.宾语从句的连接词
从属连词:连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.
Hetoldmethathewouldgotothecollegethenextyear他告诉我他明年上大学.
Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.我不知道是否还会有公交车.
Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.没人知道他是否会通过考试.
连接代词:连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what,whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏?
ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsshouldknow.
这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.
Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?
你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?
连接副词:连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?
Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.
没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.
8.动词的宾语从句
大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
Weallexpectthattheywillwin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.
我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.
Hetoldusthattheywouldhelpusthoughthewholework.
他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.
我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.
Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?
你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?
动词短语也可以带宾语从句
常见的这些词有:makesure确保makeupone’smind下决心keepinmind牢记
Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.
在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together. 我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯.
Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.
我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词主要有:hate,take,owe,have,seeto.
Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.
Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.我们认为你会同意我们的.
Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatcarisinneutral.
开启发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
Wediscoveredwhatwehadlearnedtobevaluable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.
9.介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.
ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.
这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkwithacompany.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.
10.形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
IamsureIwillpasstheexam.我确信我会通过考试.
IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.
他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.
11.if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
①if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,findout等之后,介词后一般不用if②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.③whether后可以加ornot,但是if不可以.④在不定式前只能用whether.(如:Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能决定是否留下。)⑤避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.
12.哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that
1.当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;2.当宾语从句较长时;3.当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;4.当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;5.当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;6.当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;7.当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;8.当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;9.当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;10.在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.
13.宾语从句的否定转移
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.而不能说成Ithinkhewon’tcometomyparty.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?
我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?
14.宾语从句的时态和语序
当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.
当主句为过去时
①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生
Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhewasin.
我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.
HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthestoryTheOldManandtheSeawhenhewasin.
他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读老人与海.
②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.
他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.
③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后
Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestoputdowntheto-do.
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.
如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化
Theteachersaidthatthemoongoesaroundtheearthyesterday.
老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.
当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首
Whodoyouthinkthepublicmightchooseastheirfavoritesingerthisyear?
你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.
四、表语从句
1、在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用asif引导。其基本结构为:主语+系动词+that从句。例如:
Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That’sjustwhatIwant.这正是我想要的。
Thisiswhereourproblemlies.这就是我们的问题所在。
Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的,当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如:
Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.
whether可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
2、简介
定义:A表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么[1]样,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当,和连系动词一起构成谓语。
Theproblemispuzzling.这问题令人困惑
主语连系动词形容词作表语
Theproblemiswhenwecangetapayrise.问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪.
主语连系动词一个句子作表语---表语从句
B连接表语从句的连接词有:that,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how.
Hehasbecomeateacher.他已经成为一名教师。
Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。
Shehasremainedthereforanhour.她曾在那里停留了一个小时。
ShehasremainedwhereIstoodyesterdayforanhour.她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一个小时。
Hissuggestionisgood.他的建议是好的。
Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.他的建议是,我们应该保持冷静。
Thequestionisconfusing.这个问题令人困惑.
Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.问题是,他什么时候可以到达酒店。
whowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.谁与我明天将前往北京。
whyhecriedyesterday.昨天他为什么哭。
howIcanpersuadehertojoinusintheparty.我怎么能说服她加入我们的派对。
whethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.是否敌人正向我们行进.
注意:
A表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
False:Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.
Right:Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.
B不可以用if,而用whether连接表语从句(asif例外)。
引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether位于介词后要用whether
位于句首时要用whether
引导表语从句,主语从句,同位语从句时要用whether
False:Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.
Right:Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.
Right:Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.
C不像宾语从句,在有表语从句的复合句中,主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
Right:ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.
Right:Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.
Dthat在表语从句中不可以省掉。
3、基本用法
表语从句只能置于主句之后,而主句的动词只能是联系动词。
名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句,例如:Theproblemishowwecangetthethingsweneed.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。(how在表语从句中充当方式状语)//ThescissorsarenotwhatIneed.这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what在表语从句中充当宾语)//WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay.我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语,that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分,不能省略)//ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)//Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why在表语从句中充当原因状语)
注意:“Thatiswhy...”是常用句型,意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”,其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语,该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结,又如:Thatiswhyyouseethisoldwomanbeforeyouknow,Jeanne.珍妮,这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异,说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后,用这一句来进行概括)。//ThatiswhyIcame.这就是我来的原因。
下面是两个与“Thatiswhy...”形式相似的结构,它们与“Thatiswhy...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚:
(1)“Thatiswhy...”与“Thatisthereasonwhy...”同义,只不过从语法结构上讲,“Thatisthereasonwhy...”中why引导的是—个定语从句,将其中的thereason去掉则与“Thatiswhy...”结构一样,例如:Thatis(thereason)whyIcannotagree.这就是我不能同意的理由。
(2)“Thatisbecause...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语,这也是个常用句型,意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”。“Thatisbecause...”与“Thatiswhy...”之间的不同在于“Thatisbecause...”指原因或理由,“Thatiswhy...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果,例如:Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影,那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。(第一句话说明结果,第二句话说明原因)
Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.他以前曾看过那部电影,因此他昨天晚上没有去看。(第一句话说明原因,第二句话说明结果)
五、同位语从句
1、同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:
Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么时候回来。
ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.他想到可能玛丽生病了。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)
Haveyougottheidea(that)thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece?(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)
2、简介
同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定",把关键的几个词背下来.
一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如:
Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.我不知道你在这里。
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等。如:
I’vecomefromMrwangwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that,whether,连接副词how,when,where等。(注:if,which不能引导同位语从句。)如:
lhavenoideawhenhewillbeback.我不知道他什么时候回来。
Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。如:
Severalyearslater,wordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.
几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。
Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
六、名词性that-从句
1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:
主语:Thatsheisstillaliveisherluck. 他还活着全靠运气。
宾语:JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语:Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语:Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.
近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语:Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
Itsapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
a.It+be+形容词+that-从句
Itisnecessarythat… 有必要……Itisimportantthat… 重要的是……
Itisobviousthat… 很明显……
b.It+be+-ed分词+that-从句
Itisbelievedthat… 人们相信……Itisknowntoallthat… 众所周知……
Ithasbeendecidedthat… 已决定……
c.It+be+名词+that-从句
Itiscommonknowledgethat… ……是常识Itisasurprisethat… 令人惊奇的是……
Itisafactthat… 事实是……
d.It+不及物动词+that-从句
Itappearsthat… 似乎……Ithappensthat… 碰巧……
Itoccurredtomethat… 我突然想起……
七、名词性wh-从句
1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who,whom,.whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever等连接代词和where,when,how,why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
主语:Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语:Inonesownhomeonecandowhatonelikes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语:Theclubwillgivewhoeverwinsaprize. 俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语:MyquestioniswhowilltakeoverpresidentoftheFoundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语:Shewillnamehimwhatevershewantsto.她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语: Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语:Imnotsurewhysherefusedtheirinvitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语: Thatdependsonwhereweshallgo. 
那取决于我们去哪儿。
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:
Itisnotyetdecidedwhowilldothatjob. 还没决定谁做这项工作。
Itremainsunknownwhentheyaregoingtogetmarried. 他们何时结婚依然不明。
八、if,whether引导的名词从句
1)yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if,whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同,例如:
主语:Whethertheplanisfeasibleremainstobeproved.这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
宾语:Letusknowwhether/ifyoucanfinishthearticlebeforeFriday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语:Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语:Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语:Shesdoubtfulwhetherweshallbeabletocome. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语:Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpassthroughthecrisisofhisillness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2)选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whether…ornot构成,例如:
Pleasetellmewhether/iftheyareSwedishorDanish.请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
Idontcarewhetheryouliketheplanornot.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
if和whether的区别:
1、在动词不定式之前只能用whether。如:
例8Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能决定是否留下。
2、在whether……ornot的固定搭配中。如:
例9Iwanttoknowwhetherit’sgoodnewsornot.我想知道是否是好消息。
3、在介词后,只能用whether。如:
例10Hisfatherisworriedaboutwhetherhelosehiswork.他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether。如:
Whetherthisistrueornot,Ireallydon’tknow.这是否真的,我真的不知道。
(例11Whethertheycanfinishtheworkontimeisstillaproblem.他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。--此例为主语从句,有误,感谢指出)
5、用if会引起歧义时,只用whether。如:
例12Couldyoutellmeifyouknowtheanswer?
这句话有两种意思:“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗?”或“如果你知道答案,请告诉我,好吗?”。如用whether可避免歧义.
九、否定转移
1)将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
IdontthinkIknowyou. 我想我并不认识你。
Idontbelievehewillcome. 我相信他不回来。
注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
Ihopeyouwerentill.我想你没有生病吧。
2)将seem,appear等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
Itdoesntseemthattheyknowwheretogo.看来他们不知道往哪去。
Itdoesntappearthatwellhaveasunnydaytomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
3)有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。
Idontrememberhavingeverseensuchaman. 
我记得从未见过这样一个人。(not否定动名词短语having…)
Itsnotaplacewhereanyonewouldexpecttoseestrangecharactersonthestreet.
在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。(anyone作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)
4)有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
Theantisnotgatheringthisforitselfalone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
HewasnotreadytobelievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.(否定because状语)他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何,就轻信此事。
Shehadnotbeenmarriedmanyweekswhenthatmansyoungerbrothersawherandwasstruckbyherbeauty. (否定状语manyweeks) 她结婚还不到几个月,这个人的弟弟就看见她了,并对她的美貌着了迷。
十、高考热点透视
1.___isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET1995)
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
答案D。当名词从句在句中作主语时,为避免句子头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语置于句首,而将真正的主语从句放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无实义。此句也可以改写为:ThatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguageisafact.
2.Acomputercanonlydo____youhaveinstructedittodo.(NMET2001)
A.howB.afterC.whatD.when
答案C。从句子结构可知,句子的空白处应该填引导宾语从句的连词,做主句谓语动词do的宾语,同时该连接词还是从句中的do的宾语,因此,此处的连接词应该用what。
3.Heasked____foraviolin.(MET1992)
A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid
答案:D。宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,句子语序要用陈述语序。
4.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.(上海2001年春季招生)
A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why
答案C。这是一个表语从句。根据doubt一词可知,所怀疑的应是是否能治好病,所以要填whether。这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。”
5.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_____heorshewants.(NMET1997)
A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
答案B。根据句意“一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不好的。”可以看出后面的从句应是一个宾语从句,而从句中wants缺少宾语,A.however和D.whenever是不能作宾语的;排除A和D,whichever表示“无论哪一个,无论哪些”,应表示一定范围内的人或物,此处没有涉及事物的范围,所以应选B.whatever,表示“无论什么”。
6.______leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.(MET1988)
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who
答案C。本题句子的意思是:无论谁最后离开房间一定要把灯关掉。本题考查连接代词whoever引导的名词性从句,连接代词whoever可以引导名词性从句,并在从句中作主语,相当于anypersonwho或Thepersonwho,意为“一切……的人”。而anyone和theperson均非连词,不能引导从句,况wholeavestheroomlast意为“某个最后离开房间的人”,与题意不符,如果要选A.Anyone或B.Theperson,都必须在它们后面再加上引导定语从句的关系代词who。如果要选D.Who就体现不出“无论谁”的含义了。
7.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof______sharesherinterests.(Shanghai1995)
A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
答案为C。本题句子的意思是:Sarah希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与nomatter+疑问词引导的从句的区别是:前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句;后者只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除A和D,从句中需要的是主语,所以whomever也不行。
8.----IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
----Isthat______youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET1999)
A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where
答案A。根据语境,甲说上周驱车去珠海观看航模展览。乙据此来询问甲这是否是请几天假的原因,故答案是A。答案B,C,D均与该题语境不符。根据上句提供的语境,下句应该问“那就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗?”
9.Istillremember______thisusedtobeaquietvillage.(NMET1993)
A.whenB.howC.whereD.what
答案A。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语,排除D.what,而答案C,D均与题意不符,所以应选A.when。usedtobe表示一种过去存在的状态,本句的意思是“我仍然记得这里在什么时候是个宁静的地方。”
10.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter____itwas?(2001春季招生)
A.whereB.whatC.howD.which
答案D。这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。从上句的意思分析,应是哪本书,所以要填which,这句话的意思是“我在某本书中读到过有关这方面的内容,是哪一本书重要吗?”。
11.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.
A.whileB.thatCwhenD.as(2001年上海)
答案B。该题考查that引导的同位语从句。同位语从句通常由that引导,接在fact,news,promise,possibility,information,doubt,message名词后,用来解释或说明名词的内容。
12.—Ithinkitisgoingtobeabigproblem.—Yes,itcouldbe.
—Iwonder______wecandoaboutit.(北京2002春季)
A、ifB、howC、whatD、that
答案C。本题考察名词性从句的连接词的用法。wonder后面应跟宾语从句,而从句中的谓语动词do是及物动词,可见从句缺少一个代替宾语的成分,我们可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that,再排除引导方式状语的how,答案是C,句子的意思是“我们能就此做些什么”。
十一、专项考点练习
1.________thattheyfoundanunusualplantintheforest.
A.ItissaidB.TheyaresaidC.ItsaidD.Itsays
答案A:句型Itissaidthat+主语从句。类似的还有Itisbelievedthat……etc
2._____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.
A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where
答案A:观察此从句中缺少主语,而能在主语从句中即充当主语成分又引导的就只有what了
3.ItworriedMaryalot_____shewouldpassthecollegeentranceexamination.
A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.how
4.Shanghaihastakenonanewlook.Itisn’tlike_____itusedtobe.
A.whatB.howC.thatD.which
5.____isnopossibility______Bobwillwinthefirstprizeinthematch.
A.There,thatB.It,thatC.There,whetherD.It,whether
6.LittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmaster____hehaddonethedaybefore.
A.thatB.howC.whatD.where
7.Theoldmansmiledwhenhesawhowpretty_____uptobeduringthepastfewyears.
A.hadhisdaughtergrownB.wouldhisdaughtergrow
C.hisdaughterwouldgrowD.hisdaughterhadgrown
8.HaveyouseenMarylately?Mybosswantstoknow_______.
A.howsheisgettingalongB.howisshegettingalong
C.whatsheisgettingalongD.whatisshegettingalong
9.____surprisedmemostwas_____suchalittlegirlofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.
A.That;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.What;what
10.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo______Icantosavethem.
A.whateverB.whichC.thatD.whichever
11._____helpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.
A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Theperson
12.Eat_____youlikeandleavetheothersfor_____comesinlate.
A.any;whoB.every;whoeverC.whichever;whoeverD.either;whoever
13.____shecouldn’tunderstandwas_____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.
A.What;whyB.That;whyC.What;becauseD.Why;that
14.Itwas____hesaid___disappointedme.
A.What;thatB.That;thatC.What;whatD.That;what
15.Itwasorderedthatallthesoldiers_______tothefront.
A.shouldsendB.mustbesentC.shouldbesentD.mustgo
16.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin______,but_______.
A.whichweget;whatgiveweB.whatweget;whatwegive
C.whichdoweget;whatdowegiveD.howweget;thatwegive
17.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion_______.
A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istobeputoff
18.Goandgetyourcoat.Its____youleftit.
A.whereB.thereC.herewhereD.wherethere
19.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof______sharesherinterests.
A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
20.Youcan’timagine______whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere
C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
Keys:1---5AAAAA6---10CDABA11----15CCAAC16---20BAACB
名词性从句练习(一)
1.Hissuccesswasbecauseof________hehadbeenworkinghard.
A.thatB.thefactwhichC.thefactthatD.thefact
2."IsMaryfromNewYorkCity""Idontknow_______."
A.fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromB.fromwhatcityshecome
C.whatcitydoesshecomefromD.whatcityshecomesfrom
3.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever
4.ThereasonwhyIdidntgotoShanghaiwas________anewjob.
A.becauseIgotB.becauseofgettingC.IgotD.thatIgot
5.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for
6.Henrykilledthedog.Illaskhimwhy________.
A.didhedothatB.hedidthatC.hedidD.hehasdoneso
7.HaveyouseenHenrylatelyMybosswantstoknow________.
A.howheisgettingalongB.howishegettingalong
C.whatheisgettingalongD.whatishegettingalong
8.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.
A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
9.Heaskedme________withme.
A.whatisthetroubleB.whatwrongwasC.whatwasthematterD.whattroubleitis
10.Iamsure________hesaidistrue.A.thatB.aboutthatC.ofthatD.thatwhat
11.Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.
A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbee
12.Iwonderhowmuch________.
A.doesthewatchcostB.didthewatchcostC.thewatchcostedD.thewatchcosts
13.Maryis________someonemightrecognizeher.
A.afraidofB.afraidaboutC.afraidthatD.afraidfor
14.________isnoreasonfordismissingher.
A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.Owingtoafewminuteslate
C.ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.Beingafewminuteslate
15.Theycametotheconclusion________byacomputer.
A.thatnotallthingscanbedoneB.becauseofnotallthingsbedone
C.beingnotallthingscanbedoneD.becausenotallthingscanbedone
16.Whytheexplosionoccurredwas________thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.
A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.that
17.Idontdoubt________hellcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether
18."Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang""Well,Iforget_______Iwassupposedtogoto."A.whichtheroomB.whichroomC.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasit
19.Outputisnowsixtimes________itwasbeforeliberation.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.ofwhich
20.Mary:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshesnowbuyingabighouse.
Carol:Yes.Becauseshesalwayssaved________.
A.whatlittlesheearnsB.howlittlesheearnsC.forlittlesheearnsD.withlittlesheearns
21._______surprisedmemostwas________suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That...whatB.What...thatC.That...whichD.What...which
22.Wegavehim________helpwecould.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.this
23.Sheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenhimand________youhavetoldhim.
A.thatB.whichC.allwhatD.allthat
24.Excusemewouldyoupleasetellme________
A.whenthesportsmeetistakenplaceB.whenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheld
C.whenisthesportsmeettobeginD.whenthesportsmeetistotakeplace
25.Doyouhappentoknow________
A.whatsizeshoeshewearsB.howbigshoeshewears
C.whatisthesizeofhisshoesD.whatnumbershoesarehis
26.Thisbookwillshowyou________canbeusedinothercontexts.
A.howyouhaveobservedB.howwhatyouhaveobserved
C.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobserved
27.Wheredoyouthink________
A.hashegoneB.hashebeenC.hesgoneD.washe
28.Doyouknow________
A.howmanypopulationsthereareintheworldB.howmuchpopulationthereisintheworld
C.howmanythepopulationoftheworldisD.whatthepopulationoftheworldis
29.Wouldyougoandsee________outsideA.whattotakeplaceB.whatTomhashappenedC.whatishappeningD.whatthematterhadbeen
30.Thesubjectof"WhatisinterestingisthatIdonotevenknowhim."is_______.
A.whatB.interestingC.WhatisinterestingD.I
31.________IthinkheisCharles.
A.WhodoyouthinkheisB.Doyouthinkwhoheis
C.WhomdoyouthinkheisD.Doyouthinkwhoheis
32.Hedidntknowwhichroom________.
A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein
33.Thelittleboyate________hismothergavehim.
A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.nomatterwhat
34.Thecityisnolonger________.
A.whatitisB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitwasD.whatitusedtobe
35.Myparentsused________theyhadtogetanewcarforme.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.allwhat
36.______wegoswimmingeveryday_____usalotofgood.
A.If...doB.That...doC.If...doesD.That...does
37.________wastheidea_______thewifethoughtof
A.What...thatB.That...whatC.How...whyD.Why...how
38._______didhetellhiswife________hewishedtodo
A.That...whatB.What...thatC.Where...whichD.Which...where
39.Oneofthemenheldtheview________thebooksaidwasright.
A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatwhichD.whichthat
40.Ihavenoidea________ornothehasfinishedthework.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which
41."Doyouknow________""Hisfatherisadoctor."
A.whatishisfatherB.whoishisfatherC.whathisfatherisD.whohisfatheris
42.Isthis________wemeteachothertwoyearsago
A.placeB.placeinwhichC.whereD.placewhich
43.It________Bobdrivesbadly.
A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat
44.Weallknowthetruth________thereareair,waterandsunlighttherearelivingthings.
A.whereB.whereverC.thatD.thatwherever
45.Theydiscussed_______theycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothershelp.
A.ifB.thatC.whatD.whether
46.Sheasked________.
A.whatIwasdoingwhensherangmeupB.whatwasIdoingwhensherangmeup
C.whensherangmeupwhatIwasdoingD.whendidsheringmeupwhatIwasdoing
47.-MayIborrowthering-Youcantake_______youlike.
A.nomatterwhatB.whichC.whicheverD.that
48.Hesaidthathewasfondof________.
A.whatbeautifulisB.whatisbeautifulC.beautifuliswhatD.whatitisbeautiful
49.Heinsistedthathe________ingoodhealthand_______toworkthere.
A.was,besentB.is,issentC.be,wassentD.be,send
50.Doyouknow________heexpectswillgiveusatalkA.whoB.whomC.thatD.whose
51.Itsuncertain________theexperimentisworthdoing.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how
52.Theywouldhavefixedthetelephoneyesterday_________itwasaholiday.
A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.butfor
53.________istodogoodalloneslifeandneverdoanythingbad.
A.WhicheverishardB.NomatterwhatishardC.WhatishardD.Allwhatishard
54.________theboydidnttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.
A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which
55.Asthedaywasfine,Imadethesuggestion________forawalkinthepark.
A.wegoB.wewillgoC.shouldwegoD.thatwego
56.____wecantgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.
A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what
57.____youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether
58.Youcantimagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
59.____wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
60________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.
A.What…thatB.That…whatC.Why…thatD.If…what
61._________isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.
A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who
62._______wellfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.
A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.That
63._______thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrowsmeeting.
A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.What
64._______hewontgothereiscleartoallofus.A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.This
65._______youcomeornotisuptoyou.A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whether
66._______makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybody
67._______teamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.
A.WhichB.ThatC.IfD.How
68.Threedayslater,wordcame________ourcountryhadsentupanotherman-madesatellite.
A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where
69.Theproblemis________willgotothemeeting.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.who
70.Itlooks_______itweregoingtorain.A.evenifB.asifC.eventhoughD.like
71.Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how
72.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why
73.Wethought_______strangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.A.thatB.itC.thisD.what
74.Thefact_______shehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how
75.WhatImconsideringnow_________themoneyweneed.A.isB.areC.wereD.was
76.Canyoutellme__________A.whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanisD.whomisthatgentleman
77.________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who
78.Itiswellknown_________apersoneatscauseschangesinthebody.
A.thatwhat,when,andhowB.thatC.whatD.how
79.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such
80.Jackwassoontold________hedidwasnotnecessary.
A.whyB.thatC.howD.whywhat
81.Weshouldthinkcarefullyabout________Mr.Needhamsaidatthemeeting.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.X
82.Canyoupointout________tworadiosarethebestA.whichB.whatC.thatD.whether
83.Youwilleasilyknow________videorecorders(录相机)arethesame.
A.whatthoseB.thatofthoseC.thatallofD.whichofthose
84.________youhaveseenthingslikethesebeforedoesntmatter.
A.IfB.WhetherC.WhatD.When
85.IaskedherinEnglish________shewas,andshetoldme________shewasanactress.
A.who…thatB.who…XC.what…XD.how…that
86.Shetookitforgranted________Idbebackhomeanhourago.
A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.when
87.Wethinkitpossible________thelocalgovernmentwillbeabletosolvethehousingproblem.
A.forB.thatC.whenD.how
88.Nowthereisadanger________thegroundmayfallin(沉下)undertheheavytraffic.
A.whetherB.ifC.XD.that
89.AtthattimeIhadnoidea________Icouldhandittohimwithoutbeingseen.
A.ifB.howC.whichD.thathow
90.LastSundayhepromised________today,buthehasntappearedyet.A.thathewouldcomeB.thathewillcomeC.hewillcometoseemeD.whetherhewouldcome
91.LastSundayhemadeapromise________hewasfreehewouldtakemetoQingdao.
A.ifB.thatC.thatifD.whether
92.Doyouhaveanyidea________
A.whenMissSmithwillarriveB.whenwillMissSmitharrive
C.howwillMissSmitharriveD.whyhasntMissSmitharrived
93.Ihavealmostforgotten________.
A.howMr.TaylorslikeB.whatMr.Taylorsfaceislike
C.whatMr.TaylorsfaceisD.whichMr.Taylorsfaceislike
94.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin________,but________.
A.howyouget…thatyougiveB.whichyougotwhatyougive
C.whatyouget…whatyougiveD.whatdoyouget…whatdoyougive
95.Doyouknow________
A.whatisthisusedforB.whatthisisusedforC.whichthisisusedD.thatthisisusedfor
96.________surprisedmemostwas________.
A.That…thatshespokeJapanesesowellB.What…howcouldshespeakJapanesesowell
C.What…thatshespokeJapanesesowellD.That…whyshecouldspeakJapanesesowell
97.________istodance.
A.ThatinterestsMaryreallyB.WhichreallyinterestsMary.
C.WhatreallyinterestsMaryD.WhatreallyinterestMary
98.Weweregreatlyamusedby________.
A.whatyouhavetoldusB.whichyouhadtoldusC.whatyoutoldusD.thatyoutoldus
99.Thesecomputersaredifferentfrom________.
A.thatweexpectedB.whatweexpectedC.whichwehaveexpectedD.whatweexpect
100.________Tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom________.
A.That…thatyouhadexpectedB.What…thatyouhadexpected
C.That…whatyouhadexpectedD.What…whatyouhadexpected
答案:
1-5.CDCDB6-10.BABCD11-15.ADCCA16-20.DABCA21-25.BBDDA26-30.BCDCC31-35.ABCDC36-40.DABBC41-45.CCDDD46-50.ACBAA51-55.CCCAD56-60.ACBBA61-65DABCD66-70CACDB71-75CBBCA76-80CCCCD81-85BADBC86-90ABDBA91-95CABCB96-100CCCBD
名词性从句练习(二)
1.____hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.A.whateverB.NomatterwhatC.ThatD.If
2.Themanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhow____
A.didthequarrelcameaboutB.thequarrelhadcomeabout
C.hadthequarrelcomeaboutD.hadthequarrelcomeabout
3.Energyis____makesthingwork..A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that
4.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as
5.Thisis___theshenzhouVSpaceshiplanded.A.thereB.inwhichC.whereD.when
6.Theyhavenoideaatall____.
A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone
7.Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatientsfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.
A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.ofthat
8.Theordercame___thesoldiers____thesmallvillagethenextmorning.
A.that;hadtoleaveB.that;shouldleaveC./;mustleaveD.when;shouldleave
9.___isnopossibility____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.
A.There;thatB.It;thatC.there;whetherD.It;whether
10.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting_____wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.
A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.if
11.Is_____hesaidreallytrueA.thatB.whatC.whyD.whether
12.____themeetingshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesntmatter.
A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Where
13.Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for
14.____morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinthefutureremainstobeseen.
A.WhetherB.ThisC.whoD.If
15.____hewillgotoworkinamountainvillagesurprisesallofus.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.If
16.____youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoD.How
17.____alltheinventionshaveincommonis____theyhavesucceeded.
A.What;whatB.That;thatC.what;thatD.That;what
18.____appearedtomethatheenjoyedthefoodverymuch.A.WhatB.ItC.AllthatD.That
19.Itiswidely______thatsmokingcancausecancer.A.believedB.thinkC.sayD.hoped
20.____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where
21.____healwaysservesthepeopleverywellisknown.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Who
22.____haspassedthetestwillgetaprize.
A.WhoeverB.NomaterwhoC.WhomeverD.Who
23.Is____truethatthefamousscientistwillgiveusalecturenextweekAthatBitChisDhe
24.Ithasnotbeendecided___theywillleaveforNewYork.A.whenBwhyCthatDwhat
25.Obviously___wedomorningexerciseseveryday__usgood.
A.thatdoB.if;doCwhat;doesD.that;dose
26Itissaid________wasall___hesaid.
Athat;that;thatBwhat;what;whatCthat;which;whatDthat;that;which
27___getshomefirstistocookthesupper.
A.WhoBWhomC.ThosewhoD.Whoever
28___movedusmostwas___helikedaftertheoldmanformorethantwentyyears.
A.That;thatB.What;thatCWhat;whatD.That;what
29.___youdiditisnotknowntoall.A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.Which
30.___youdoshouldbewelldone.AHowB.ThatC.WhateverDWhy
31.ThereasonIplantogois___shewillbedisappointedifIdont.
A.becauseB.thatC.thankstoD.what
32.Whattimedoyouthink__
A.willTomcomebackB.TomwillcomebackC.isTomcomingbackD.canTomgethere
33.Theteachersaidthatlight___fasterthansound.
A.HastraveledB.traveledC.hadtraveledD.travels
34..___isstillaquestion___willwin.A.It;thatB.It;whoC.That;whoD.This;that
35.Ifyouknow___itwasthatwriteATaleofTwoCities,raiseyourhand.
A.whomB.whichC.whoD.that
36.Insomecountries,___arecalled"publicschools"arenotownedbythestate.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.what
37.Thinking___youknow___infactyoudontisaterriblemistake.
A.that;thatB.what;whatC.that;whatD.whatthat
38.Whetherwayswillbefoundtostoppollutionornotisjust___worriesthepublic.
A.whyB.whichC.thatD.what
39.Whydontyoubring___tohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit
A.thatB.whatC.thatD.it
40.___DavidsayssoundsrighttoHelen.Thatswhyshehasmadeuphermindtoleavewithhim___happens.
A.whatever;whateverB.Nomatterwhat;whatever
C.Nomatterwhat;NomatterwhatD.Whatever;however
41.Thatis___Iwasbornandgrewup.A.ThereB.inwhichC.whereD.theplace
42.___shewasinvitedtotheballmadeherveryhappy.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhenD.Because
43.___wearedoinghasneverbeendonebefore.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.Whether
44.---Haveyoufoundyourbookyet---No,Imnotsure___Icouldhaveleftit.
A.whetherB.whereC.whenD.why
45.Thedoctorcouldntanswerthequestion___thepatientcouldsurvivethatnight.
A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.what
46.Ifirmlybelieve___hesaidatthemeetingwasright.
A.thatB.whichC.thatwhatD.whatthat
47.---Whatwereyoutryingtoprovetothepolice---___Iwaslastnight.
A.ThatB.WhenC.WhereD.What
48.Ithink,thoughIcouldbemistaken,__helikedme.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what
49.Atthemeeting,wediscussed___weshouldemploymoreworkers.
A.ifB.whetherC.thatD./
50.After___seemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile.A.whichB.itC.whatD.that
51.___hasagoodeducationcanapplyforthejob.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnyoneD.Whoever
52.___ishardistodogoodalloneslifeandneverdoanythingbad.
A.HeB.ItC.ThatD.What
53.___worriesmeis___weregoingtopayforallthis.
A.It;thatB.That;howC.What;howD.As;that
54.___issaidthatpaperwasinventedinChina.A.AsB.WhichC.ItD.That
55.Manypeoplethoughtlittleofme,butIdidwhat___.
A.IthoughtIwasrightB.IthoughtitwasrightC.IthoughtwasrightD.Iwasthoughtrighty
56.Themanagerhasdecidedtoput___hethinkisenergetic,clever,andhasgoodsenseofduty
inthepositionoftheleadershipofthecompany.
A.thosewhoB.anyoneC.whomeverD.whoever
57.ScientistsbelievenativeAmericansarrivedbycrossingthelandbridgethatconnectedSiberia
and___moretan10,000yearsago.
A.thisisAlaskaB.AlaskaisnowAlaskaC.isnowAlaskaD.whatisnowAlaska
58.Pleasetellme___youwouldliketohaveyourcoffee---blackorwhite
A.whatB.whereC.whichD.how
59.Mymotherasked___withme.
A.whatwasthewrongB.whatthematterwasC.whatmatterwasD.whatwasthematter
60.Someofthescientistsheldthepoint___thebooksaidwasright.
A.whatwhatB.whatwhatC.thatthatD.thatwhat
答案:
1-5ABABC6-10AABAC11-15BBCAB16-20BCBAA21-25BABAD26-30ADBCC31-35BBDBC36-40DCDDA41-45CBBBC46-50CCCBC51-55BDCCC56-60DDDDD

语法讲解:名词性从句


语法讲解:名词性从句
名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接词
1.连接代词:who,whose,whom,what,which.有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
2.连接副词:when,where,why,how.有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。
3.连接词:that,whether,if,asif.that无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略;if(whether),asif虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。
注意:连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句,因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分,连接词whether和if(是否),asif(好像)在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。根据句义,如果连接代词与连接副词,whether、if和asif都用不上时,才用that作连接词(that本身无任何含义)。
二、主语从句
1.主语从句在复合句作主语。
e.g.Whowillgoisnotimportant.
2.用it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末。
e.g.Itdoesn‘tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.
3.that引导主语从句时,不能省略。
e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.
三、表语从句
1.表语从句在复合句中作表语,位于系动词之后。
e.g.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.
2.引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
e.g.Myideais(that)wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.
四、宾语从句
1.宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。
e.g.Ihope(that)everythingisallright.
2.介词之后的宾语从句,不可用which或if连接,要分别用what或whether.
e.g.Iminterestedinwhetheryouvefinishedthework……
Iminterestedinwhatyouvesaid.
3.whether与if都可以引导宾语从句,常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
(1)宾语从句是否定句时,只用if,不用whether.
e.g.Iwonderifitdoesntrain.
(2)用if会引起误解,就要用whether.
e.g.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.(此句如果把whether改成if,容易当成条件句理解)
(3)宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用,就不能换成if;不直接连用,可换。
e.g.Idontknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.
Idontknowwhether/ifthereportistrueornot.
(4)介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,还可引导让步状语从句,以上均不能换成if.但引导条件从句时,只能用if,而不能用whether.
e.g.Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.
Theydontknowwhethertogothere.
Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.
五、同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词(如:news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等)之后,说明该名词的具体内容。
e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.
Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.

,000willbegiventocanprovideanycluestothecasewhichhasbeeninvestigatedbythepolicefornearlyhalfayear.
A.whoeverB.whomeverC.anyoneD.who
2.(浙江省杭州市高三第一次高考科目教学质量检测,8)Iwishtherewasmoreinformationaboutcaloriesinrestaurants.Itwouldmakeiteasierformetoknowtoeat.
A.howB.whatC.whenD.where
3.(浙江省杭州市长河高中高三第二次模拟考试,15)Actually,workshardcanbetheywanttobe,whetheritisapilot,anengineeroramanager.
A.anyone;whoeverB.nomatterwho;whoever
C.whoever;nomatterwhatD.whoever;whatever
4.(浙江省金华市艾青中学高三模拟考试2,11)OurnewscienceteachercomesfromeitherNewYorkorWashington.ButIcan’tremember_______.
A.whereB.thereC.whichD.that
5.(浙江省金华一中、慈溪中学、学军中学三校高三联考,13)
--I’vereadanotherbookthisweek.
--Well,maybe_____isnothowmuchyoureadbutwhatyouread______counts.
A.this;itB.that;whichC.there;oneD.it;that
6.(浙江省嵊州二中高三12月月考,18)
—Mum,whydoyoukeepstaringatme?HaveIdoneanythingwrong?
—Youlookstupid!Thewayyouaredressedis________annoysmemost.
A.whichB.whereC.howD.what
7.(菱湖中学学年第一学期高三英语期中考试,30)Theyaskedtheteacher_____________.
A.whenwilltheyhavetheexamB.whenwewouldhavetheexam
C.whentheywouldhavetheexamD.whenwouldtheyhavetheexam
8.(浙江省瑞安中学高三暑期总结性测试,18)
—I’vereadanotherbookthisweek.
—Well,maybeisnothowmuchyoureadbutwhatyoureadthatcounts.
A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it
9.(浙江省海盐县元济高级中学高三第一次摸底考试,29)______hungryIam,Ineverseemtobeabletofinishoffthisloafofbread.
A.HoweverB.WheneverC.WhereverD.Whatever
10.(浙江省杭州高级中学高三上学期第一次月考14)Todayimpressionistpaintingsareacceptedasthebeginningof______wecall“modernart”.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how

高考英语名词性从句语法复习


一名优秀的教师在每次教学前有自己的事先计划,作为高中教师就要早早地准备好适合的教案课件。教案可以让学生能够在教学期间跟着互动起来,减轻高中教师们在教学时的教学压力。高中教案的内容要写些什么更好呢?下面是小编帮大家编辑的《高考英语名词性从句语法复习》,欢迎大家阅读,希望对大家有所帮助。

高中英语语法之名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连词:that(无任何词意)whether,if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)asif,asthough(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,whichever,whomever
连接副词:when,where,how,why,howmany,howmuch,howoften
不可省略的连词:
1.介词后的连词
2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.
比较:whether与if均为"是否"的意思。但在下列情况下,只可用whether:
1.whether引导主语从句并在句首2.引导表语从句3.whether从句作介词宾语4.从句后有"ornot"
Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语。
Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.
二.主语从句
1、作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。例如:
Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:
(1)It+be+名词+that从句(2)It+be+形容词+that从句(3)It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句(4)It+不及物动词+that从句
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”,常用的句型有:Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…
2、第一部分:常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语
主语从句的时态:不受主句的时态影响和限制。
(1)Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.
(2)Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.
(3)Whowillbeourmonitorhasntbeendecidedyet.
(4)Whomwemuststudyforisaquestionofgreatimportance.
(5)Whatcausedtheaccidentremainsunknown.
(6)Whateveryoudidisright.
(7)Whothewatchbelongstowaslostisunknown.
(8)Whatweneedistime.
(9)Whatweneedaregooddoctors.
小结:(1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等(2)连词位于句首不能省略(3)主语从句大多数情况下视为三单,但也有例外,如例9
第二部分:为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在主语位置,真正主语搁置于句末
(1)Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch.
(2)Itistruethathehasmadeaveryimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.
(3)Itisverylikelythattheywillholdameeting.
(4)Itisstrangethatheshoulddothat.
(5)Itisimportantthatweallshouldattendthemeeting.
(6)Itisstrangethatthemanshouldhavestucktohissillyideas.
(7)Itisapitythatwewontbeabletogotothesouthtospendoursummervacation.
(8)Itisstillamysterywhatcausedtheaccident.
(9)Itissaidthathehasgonetoshanghai.(=Heissaidtohavegonetoshanghai)
(10)ItisknowntoallthatthegunpowderwasfirstinventedbytheChinese.
(11)Itissuggestedthattheworkshouldbedonewithgreatcare.
(12)Itseemsthathehasseenthefilm.(=Heseemstohaveseenthefilm)
(13)Ithappenedthatthetwocheatswerethere.(=Thetwocheatshappenedtobethere)
小结:(1)以that引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导.Itis+形容词/名词/某些动词ed+that从句.(2)在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气(should+do/should+havedone)例句4,5,6,11.
3、主语从句的用法
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1.It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.
2.用it作形式主语的结构
(1)Itis+名词+从句
Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸
Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识
(2)itis+形容词+从句
Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…
(3)it+不及物动词+从句
Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…
(4)itis+过去分词+从句
Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…
3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2)Itissaid,(reported)…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek.
(3)Ithappens…,Itoccurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.
(4)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.
(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:
Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?
4.What与that在引导主语从句时的区别
What引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that则不然。例如:Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.
三、宾语从句
名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如:
HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。
注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+动词原形”。例如:
Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我坚持要她自己工作。
Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令员命令部队马上出发。
2.用who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如:Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告诉了你什么。
Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。
3.用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:
a.引导主语从句并在句首时;b.引导表语从句时;c.引导从句作介词宾语时;d.从句后有“ornot”时;e.后接动词不定式时。例如:
Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?现在的问题是她是否应该有一个低意见的测试?Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.我想知道他来还是不来。Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?你能否告诉我是去还是留?
4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用不同时态。例如:
hestudiesEnglisheveryday.(从句用一般现在时)
hestudiedEnglishlastterm.(从句用一般过去时)
Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.(从句用一般将来时)
hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.(从句用现在完成时)
当主句动词是过去时态(could,would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。例如:TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica.
5.think,believe,imagine,suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如:
Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.我们认为你不在这。
Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不会这样做。
6.时态:1.主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。2.主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。
3.主句用过去时,从句是客观真理时,只用一般现在时。
7.宾语从句的连接词
从属连词:连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.
Hetoldmethathewouldgotothecollegethenextyear他告诉我他明年上大学.
Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.我不知道是否还会有公交车.
Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.没人知道他是否会通过考试.
连接代词:连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what,whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏?
ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsshouldknow.
这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.
Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?
你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?
连接副词:连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?
Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.
没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.
8.动词的宾语从句
大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
Weallexpectthattheywillwin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.
我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.
Hetoldusthattheywouldhelpusthoughthewholework.
他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.
我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.
Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?
你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?
动词短语也可以带宾语从句
常见的这些词有:makesure确保makeupone’smind下决心keepinmind牢记
Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.
在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together. 我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯.
Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.
我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词主要有:hate,take,owe,have,seeto.
Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.
Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.我们认为你会同意我们的.
Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatcarisinneutral.
开启发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
Wediscoveredwhatwehadlearnedtobevaluable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.
9.介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.
ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.
这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkwithacompany.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.
10.形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
IamsureIwillpasstheexam.我确信我会通过考试.
IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.
他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.
11.if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
①if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,findout等之后,介词后一般不用if②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.③whether后可以加ornot,但是if不可以.④在不定式前只能用whether.(如:Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能决定是否留下。)⑤避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.
12.哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that
1.当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;2.当宾语从句较长时;3.当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;4.当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;5.当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;6.当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;7.当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;8.当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;9.当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;10.在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.
13.宾语从句的否定转移
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.而不能说成Ithinkhewon’tcometomyparty.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?
我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?
14.宾语从句的时态和语序
当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.
当主句为过去时
①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生
Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhewasin.
我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.
HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthestoryTheOldManandtheSeawhenhewasin.
他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读老人与海.
②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.
他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.
③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后
Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestoputdowntheto-do.
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.
如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化
Theteachersaidthatthemoongoesaroundtheearthyesterday.
老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.
当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首
Whodoyouthinkthepublicmightchooseastheirfavoritesingerthisyear?
你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.
四、表语从句
1、在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用asif引导。其基本结构为:主语+系动词+that从句。例如:
Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That’sjustwhatIwant.这正是我想要的。
Thisiswhereourproblemlies.这就是我们的问题所在。
Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的,当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如:
Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.
whether可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
2、简介
定义:A表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么[1]样,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当,和连系动词一起构成谓语。
Theproblemispuzzling.这问题令人困惑
主语连系动词形容词作表语
Theproblemiswhenwecangetapayrise.问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪.
主语连系动词一个句子作表语---表语从句
B连接表语从句的连接词有:that,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how.
Hehasbecomeateacher.他已经成为一名教师。
Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。
Shehasremainedthereforanhour.她曾在那里停留了一个小时。
ShehasremainedwhereIstoodyesterdayforanhour.她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一个小时。
Hissuggestionisgood.他的建议是好的。
Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.他的建议是,我们应该保持冷静。
Thequestionisconfusing.这个问题令人困惑.
Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.问题是,他什么时候可以到达酒店。
whowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.谁与我明天将前往北京。
whyhecriedyesterday.昨天他为什么哭。
howIcanpersuadehertojoinusintheparty.我怎么能说服她加入我们的派对。
whethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.是否敌人正向我们行进.
注意:
A表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
False:Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.
Right:Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.
B不可以用if,而用whether连接表语从句(asif例外)。
引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether位于介词后要用whether
位于句首时要用whether
引导表语从句,主语从句,同位语从句时要用whether
False:Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.
Right:Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.
Right:Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.
C不像宾语从句,在有表语从句的复合句中,主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
Right:ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.
Right:Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.
Dthat在表语从句中不可以省掉。
3、基本用法
表语从句只能置于主句之后,而主句的动词只能是联系动词。
名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句,例如:Theproblemishowwecangetthethingsweneed.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。(how在表语从句中充当方式状语)//ThescissorsarenotwhatIneed.这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what在表语从句中充当宾语)//WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay.我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语,that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分,不能省略)//ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)//Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why在表语从句中充当原因状语)
注意:“Thatiswhy...”是常用句型,意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”,其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语,该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结,又如:Thatiswhyyouseethisoldwomanbeforeyouknow,Jeanne.珍妮,这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异,说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后,用这一句来进行概括)。//ThatiswhyIcame.这就是我来的原因。
下面是两个与“Thatiswhy...”形式相似的结构,它们与“Thatiswhy...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚:
(1)“Thatiswhy...”与“Thatisthereasonwhy...”同义,只不过从语法结构上讲,“Thatisthereasonwhy...”中why引导的是—个定语从句,将其中的thereason去掉则与“Thatiswhy...”结构一样,例如:Thatis(thereason)whyIcannotagree.这就是我不能同意的理由。
(2)“Thatisbecause...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语,这也是个常用句型,意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”。“Thatisbecause...”与“Thatiswhy...”之间的不同在于“Thatisbecause...”指原因或理由,“Thatiswhy...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果,例如:Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影,那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。(第一句话说明结果,第二句话说明原因)
Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.他以前曾看过那部电影,因此他昨天晚上没有去看。(第一句话说明原因,第二句话说明结果)
五、同位语从句
1、同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:
Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么时候回来。
ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.他想到可能玛丽生病了。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)
Haveyougottheidea(that)thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece?(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)
2、简介
同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定",把关键的几个词背下来.
一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如:
Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.我不知道你在这里。
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等。如:
I’vecomefromMrwangwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that,whether,连接副词how,when,where等。(注:if,which不能引导同位语从句。)如:
lhavenoideawhenhewillbeback.我不知道他什么时候回来。
Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。如:
Severalyearslater,wordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.
几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。
Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
六、名词性that-从句
1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:
主语:Thatsheisstillaliveisherluck. 他还活着全靠运气。
宾语:JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语:Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语:Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.
近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语:Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
Itsapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
a.It+be+形容词+that-从句
Itisnecessarythat… 有必要……Itisimportantthat… 重要的是……
Itisobviousthat… 很明显……
b.It+be+-ed分词+that-从句
Itisbelievedthat… 人们相信……Itisknowntoallthat… 众所周知……
Ithasbeendecidedthat… 已决定……
c.It+be+名词+that-从句
Itiscommonknowledgethat… ……是常识Itisasurprisethat… 令人惊奇的是……
Itisafactthat… 事实是……
d.It+不及物动词+that-从句
Itappearsthat… 似乎……Ithappensthat… 碰巧……
Itoccurredtomethat… 我突然想起……
七、名词性wh-从句
1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who,whom,.whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever等连接代词和where,when,how,why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
主语:Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语:Inonesownhomeonecandowhatonelikes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语:Theclubwillgivewhoeverwinsaprize. 俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语:MyquestioniswhowilltakeoverpresidentoftheFoundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语:Shewillnamehimwhatevershewantsto.她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语: Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语:Imnotsurewhysherefusedtheirinvitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语: Thatdependsonwhereweshallgo. 
那取决于我们去哪儿。
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:
Itisnotyetdecidedwhowilldothatjob. 还没决定谁做这项工作。
Itremainsunknownwhentheyaregoingtogetmarried. 他们何时结婚依然不明。
八、if,whether引导的名词从句
1)yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if,whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同,例如:
主语:Whethertheplanisfeasibleremainstobeproved.这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
宾语:Letusknowwhether/ifyoucanfinishthearticlebeforeFriday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语:Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语:Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语:Shesdoubtfulwhetherweshallbeabletocome. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语:Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpassthroughthecrisisofhisillness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2)选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whether…ornot构成,例如:
Pleasetellmewhether/iftheyareSwedishorDanish.请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
Idontcarewhetheryouliketheplanornot.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
if和whether的区别:
1、在动词不定式之前只能用whether。如:
例8Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能决定是否留下。
2、在whether……ornot的固定搭配中。如:
例9Iwanttoknowwhetherit’sgoodnewsornot.我想知道是否是好消息。
3、在介词后,只能用whether。如:
例10Hisfatherisworriedaboutwhetherhelosehiswork.他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether。如:
Whetherthisistrueornot,Ireallydon’tknow.这是否真的,我真的不知道。
(例11Whethertheycanfinishtheworkontimeisstillaproblem.他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。--此例为主语从句,有误,感谢指出)
5、用if会引起歧义时,只用whether。如:
例12Couldyoutellmeifyouknowtheanswer?
这句话有两种意思:“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗?”或“如果你知道答案,请告诉我,好吗?”。如用whether可避免歧义.
九、否定转移
1)将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
IdontthinkIknowyou. 我想我并不认识你。
Idontbelievehewillcome. 我相信他不回来。
注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
Ihopeyouwerentill.我想你没有生病吧。
2)将seem,appear等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
Itdoesntseemthattheyknowwheretogo.看来他们不知道往哪去。
Itdoesntappearthatwellhaveasunnydaytomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
3)有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。
Idontrememberhavingeverseensuchaman. 
我记得从未见过这样一个人。(not否定动名词短语having…)
Itsnotaplacewhereanyonewouldexpecttoseestrangecharactersonthestreet.
在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。(anyone作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)
4)有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
Theantisnotgatheringthisforitselfalone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
HewasnotreadytobelievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.(否定because状语)他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何,就轻信此事。
Shehadnotbeenmarriedmanyweekswhenthatmansyoungerbrothersawherandwasstruckbyherbeauty. (否定状语manyweeks) 她结婚还不到几个月,这个人的弟弟就看见她了,并对她的美貌着了迷。
十、高考热点透视
1.___isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET1995)
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
答案D。当名词从句在句中作主语时,为避免句子头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语置于句首,而将真正的主语从句放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无实义。此句也可以改写为:ThatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguageisafact.
2.Acomputercanonlydo____youhaveinstructedittodo.(NMET2001)
A.howB.afterC.whatD.when
答案C。从句子结构可知,句子的空白处应该填引导宾语从句的连词,做主句谓语动词do的宾语,同时该连接词还是从句中的do的宾语,因此,此处的连接词应该用what。
3.Heasked____foraviolin.(MET1992)
A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid
答案:D。宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,句子语序要用陈述语序。
4.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.(上海2001年春季招生)
A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why
答案C。这是一个表语从句。根据doubt一词可知,所怀疑的应是是否能治好病,所以要填whether。这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。”
5.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_____heorshewants.(NMET1997)
A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
答案B。根据句意“一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不好的。”可以看出后面的从句应是一个宾语从句,而从句中wants缺少宾语,A.however和D.whenever是不能作宾语的;排除A和D,whichever表示“无论哪一个,无论哪些”,应表示一定范围内的人或物,此处没有涉及事物的范围,所以应选B.whatever,表示“无论什么”。
6.______leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.(MET1988)
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who
答案C。本题句子的意思是:无论谁最后离开房间一定要把灯关掉。本题考查连接代词whoever引导的名词性从句,连接代词whoever可以引导名词性从句,并在从句中作主语,相当于anypersonwho或Thepersonwho,意为“一切……的人”。而anyone和theperson均非连词,不能引导从句,况wholeavestheroomlast意为“某个最后离开房间的人”,与题意不符,如果要选A.Anyone或B.Theperson,都必须在它们后面再加上引导定语从句的关系代词who。如果要选D.Who就体现不出“无论谁”的含义了。
7.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof______sharesherinterests.(Shanghai1995)
A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
答案为C。本题句子的意思是:Sarah希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与nomatter+疑问词引导的从句的区别是:前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句;后者只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除A和D,从句中需要的是主语,所以whomever也不行。
8.----IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
----Isthat______youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET1999)
A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where
答案A。根据语境,甲说上周驱车去珠海观看航模展览。乙据此来询问甲这是否是请几天假的原因,故答案是A。答案B,C,D均与该题语境不符。根据上句提供的语境,下句应该问“那就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗?”
9.Istillremember______thisusedtobeaquietvillage.(NMET1993)
A.whenB.howC.whereD.what
答案A。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语,排除D.what,而答案C,D均与题意不符,所以应选A.when。usedtobe表示一种过去存在的状态,本句的意思是“我仍然记得这里在什么时候是个宁静的地方。”
10.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter____itwas?(2001春季招生)
A.whereB.whatC.howD.which
答案D。这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。从上句的意思分析,应是哪本书,所以要填which,这句话的意思是“我在某本书中读到过有关这方面的内容,是哪一本书重要吗?”。
11.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.
A.whileB.thatCwhenD.as(2001年上海)
答案B。该题考查that引导的同位语从句。同位语从句通常由that引导,接在fact,news,promise,possibility,information,doubt,message名词后,用来解释或说明名词的内容。
12.—Ithinkitisgoingtobeabigproblem.—Yes,itcouldbe.
—Iwonder______wecandoaboutit.(北京2002春季)
A、ifB、howC、whatD、that
答案C。本题考察名词性从句的连接词的用法。wonder后面应跟宾语从句,而从句中的谓语动词do是及物动词,可见从句缺少一个代替宾语的成分,我们可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that,再排除引导方式状语的how,答案是C,句子的意思是“我们能就此做些什么”。
十一、专项考点练习
1.________thattheyfoundanunusualplantintheforest.
A.ItissaidB.TheyaresaidC.ItsaidD.Itsays
答案A:句型Itissaidthat+主语从句。类似的还有Itisbelievedthat……etc
2._____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.
A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where
答案A:观察此从句中缺少主语,而能在主语从句中即充当主语成分又引导的就只有what了
3.ItworriedMaryalot_____shewouldpassthecollegeentranceexamination.
A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.how
4.Shanghaihastakenonanewlook.Itisn’tlike_____itusedtobe.
A.whatB.howC.thatD.which
5.____isnopossibility______Bobwillwinthefirstprizeinthematch.
A.There,thatB.It,thatC.There,whetherD.It,whether
6.LittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmaster____hehaddonethedaybefore.
A.thatB.howC.whatD.where
7.Theoldmansmiledwhenhesawhowpretty_____uptobeduringthepastfewyears.
A.hadhisdaughtergrownB.wouldhisdaughtergrow
C.hisdaughterwouldgrowD.hisdaughterhadgrown
8.HaveyouseenMarylately?Mybosswantstoknow_______.
A.howsheisgettingalongB.howisshegettingalong
C.whatsheisgettingalongD.whatisshegettingalong
9.____surprisedmemostwas_____suchalittlegirlofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.
A.That;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.What;what
10.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo______Icantosavethem.
A.whateverB.whichC.thatD.whichever
11._____helpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.
A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Theperson
12.Eat_____youlikeandleavetheothersfor_____comesinlate.
A.any;whoB.every;whoeverC.whichever;whoeverD.either;whoever
13.____shecouldn’tunderstandwas_____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.
A.What;whyB.That;whyC.What;becauseD.Why;that
14.Itwas____hesaid___disappointedme.
A.What;thatB.That;thatC.What;whatD.That;what
15.Itwasorderedthatallthesoldiers_______tothefront.
A.shouldsendB.mustbesentC.shouldbesentD.mustgo
16.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin______,but_______.
A.whichweget;whatgiveweB.whatweget;whatwegive
C.whichdoweget;whatdowegiveD.howweget;thatwegive
17.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion_______.
A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istobeputoff
18.Goandgetyourcoat.Its____youleftit.
A.whereB.thereC.herewhereD.wherethere
19.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof______sharesherinterests.
A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
20.Youcan’timagine______whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere
C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
Keys:1---5AAAAA6---10CDABA11----15CCAAC16---20BAACB
名词性从句练习(一)
1.Hissuccesswasbecauseof________hehadbeenworkinghard.
A.thatB.thefactwhichC.thefactthatD.thefact
2."IsMaryfromNewYorkCity""Idontknow_______."
A.fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromB.fromwhatcityshecome
C.whatcitydoesshecomefromD.whatcityshecomesfrom
3.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever
4.ThereasonwhyIdidntgotoShanghaiwas________anewjob.
A.becauseIgotB.becauseofgettingC.IgotD.thatIgot
5.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for
6.Henrykilledthedog.Illaskhimwhy________.
A.didhedothatB.hedidthatC.hedidD.hehasdoneso
7.HaveyouseenHenrylatelyMybosswantstoknow________.
A.howheisgettingalongB.howishegettingalong
C.whatheisgettingalongD.whatishegettingalong
8.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.
A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
9.Heaskedme________withme.
A.whatisthetroubleB.whatwrongwasC.whatwasthematterD.whattroubleitis
10.Iamsure________hesaidistrue.A.thatB.aboutthatC.ofthatD.thatwhat
11.Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.
A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbee
12.Iwonderhowmuch________.
A.doesthewatchcostB.didthewatchcostC.thewatchcostedD.thewatchcosts
13.Maryis________someonemightrecognizeher.
A.afraidofB.afraidaboutC.afraidthatD.afraidfor
14.________isnoreasonfordismissingher.
A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.Owingtoafewminuteslate
C.ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.Beingafewminuteslate
15.Theycametotheconclusion________byacomputer.
A.thatnotallthingscanbedoneB.becauseofnotallthingsbedone
C.beingnotallthingscanbedoneD.becausenotallthingscanbedone
16.Whytheexplosionoccurredwas________thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.
A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.that
17.Idontdoubt________hellcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether
18."Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang""Well,Iforget_______Iwassupposedtogoto."A.whichtheroomB.whichroomC.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasit
19.Outputisnowsixtimes________itwasbeforeliberation.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.ofwhich
20.Mary:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshesnowbuyingabighouse.
Carol:Yes.Becauseshesalwayssaved________.
A.whatlittlesheearnsB.howlittlesheearnsC.forlittlesheearnsD.withlittlesheearns
21._______surprisedmemostwas________suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That...whatB.What...thatC.That...whichD.What...which
22.Wegavehim________helpwecould.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.this
23.Sheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenhimand________youhavetoldhim.
A.thatB.whichC.allwhatD.allthat
24.Excusemewouldyoupleasetellme________
A.whenthesportsmeetistakenplaceB.whenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheld
C.whenisthesportsmeettobeginD.whenthesportsmeetistotakeplace
25.Doyouhappentoknow________
A.whatsizeshoeshewearsB.howbigshoeshewears
C.whatisthesizeofhisshoesD.whatnumbershoesarehis
26.Thisbookwillshowyou________canbeusedinothercontexts.
A.howyouhaveobservedB.howwhatyouhaveobserved
C.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobserved
27.Wheredoyouthink________
A.hashegoneB.hashebeenC.hesgoneD.washe
28.Doyouknow________
A.howmanypopulationsthereareintheworldB.howmuchpopulationthereisintheworld
C.howmanythepopulationoftheworldisD.whatthepopulationoftheworldis
29.Wouldyougoandsee________outsideA.whattotakeplaceB.whatTomhashappenedC.whatishappeningD.whatthematterhadbeen
30.Thesubjectof"WhatisinterestingisthatIdonotevenknowhim."is_______.
A.whatB.interestingC.WhatisinterestingD.I
31.________IthinkheisCharles.
A.WhodoyouthinkheisB.Doyouthinkwhoheis
C.WhomdoyouthinkheisD.Doyouthinkwhoheis
32.Hedidntknowwhichroom________.
A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein
33.Thelittleboyate________hismothergavehim.
A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.nomatterwhat
34.Thecityisnolonger________.
A.whatitisB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitwasD.whatitusedtobe
35.Myparentsused________theyhadtogetanewcarforme.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.allwhat
36.______wegoswimmingeveryday_____usalotofgood.
A.If...doB.That...doC.If...doesD.That...does
37.________wastheidea_______thewifethoughtof
A.What...thatB.That...whatC.How...whyD.Why...how
38._______didhetellhiswife________hewishedtodo
A.That...whatB.What...thatC.Where...whichD.Which...where
39.Oneofthemenheldtheview________thebooksaidwasright.
A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatwhichD.whichthat
40.Ihavenoidea________ornothehasfinishedthework.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which
41."Doyouknow________""Hisfatherisadoctor."
A.whatishisfatherB.whoishisfatherC.whathisfatherisD.whohisfatheris
42.Isthis________wemeteachothertwoyearsago
A.placeB.placeinwhichC.whereD.placewhich
43.It________Bobdrivesbadly.
A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat
44.Weallknowthetruth________thereareair,waterandsunlighttherearelivingthings.
A.whereB.whereverC.thatD.thatwherever
45.Theydiscussed_______theycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothershelp.
A.ifB.thatC.whatD.whether
46.Sheasked________.
A.whatIwasdoingwhensherangmeupB.whatwasIdoingwhensherangmeup
C.whensherangmeupwhatIwasdoingD.whendidsheringmeupwhatIwasdoing
47.-MayIborrowthering-Youcantake_______youlike.
A.nomatterwhatB.whichC.whicheverD.that
48.Hesaidthathewasfondof________.
A.whatbeautifulisB.whatisbeautifulC.beautifuliswhatD.whatitisbeautiful
49.Heinsistedthathe________ingoodhealthand_______toworkthere.
A.was,besentB.is,issentC.be,wassentD.be,send
50.Doyouknow________heexpectswillgiveusatalkA.whoB.whomC.thatD.whose
51.Itsuncertain________theexperimentisworthdoing.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how
52.Theywouldhavefixedthetelephoneyesterday_________itwasaholiday.
A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.butfor
53.________istodogoodalloneslifeandneverdoanythingbad.
A.WhicheverishardB.NomatterwhatishardC.WhatishardD.Allwhatishard
54.________theboydidnttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.
A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which
55.Asthedaywasfine,Imadethesuggestion________forawalkinthepark.
A.wegoB.wewillgoC.shouldwegoD.thatwego
56.____wecantgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.
A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what
57.____youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether
58.Youcantimagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
59.____wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
60________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.
A.What…thatB.That…whatC.Why…thatD.If…what
61._________isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.
A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who
62._______wellfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.
A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.That
63._______thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrowsmeeting.
A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.What
64._______hewontgothereiscleartoallofus.A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.This
65._______youcomeornotisuptoyou.A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whether
66._______makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybody
67._______teamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.
A.WhichB.ThatC.IfD.How
68.Threedayslater,wordcame________ourcountryhadsentupanotherman-madesatellite.
A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where
69.Theproblemis________willgotothemeeting.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.who
70.Itlooks_______itweregoingtorain.A.evenifB.asifC.eventhoughD.like
71.Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how
72.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why
73.Wethought_______strangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.A.thatB.itC.thisD.what
74.Thefact_______shehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how
75.WhatImconsideringnow_________themoneyweneed.A.isB.areC.wereD.was
76.Canyoutellme__________A.whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanisD.whomisthatgentleman
77.________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who
78.Itiswellknown_________apersoneatscauseschangesinthebody.
A.thatwhat,when,andhowB.thatC.whatD.how
79.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such
80.Jackwassoontold________hedidwasnotnecessary.
A.whyB.thatC.howD.whywhat
81.Weshouldthinkcarefullyabout________Mr.Needhamsaidatthemeeting.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.X
82.Canyoupointout________tworadiosarethebestA.whichB.whatC.thatD.whether
83.Youwilleasilyknow________videorecorders(录相机)arethesame.
A.whatthoseB.thatofthoseC.thatallofD.whichofthose
84.________youhaveseenthingslikethesebeforedoesntmatter.
A.IfB.WhetherC.WhatD.When
85.IaskedherinEnglish________shewas,andshetoldme________shewasanactress.
A.who…thatB.who…XC.what…XD.how…that
86.Shetookitforgranted________Idbebackhomeanhourago.
A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.when
87.Wethinkitpossible________thelocalgovernmentwillbeabletosolvethehousingproblem.
A.forB.thatC.whenD.how
88.Nowthereisadanger________thegroundmayfallin(沉下)undertheheavytraffic.
A.whetherB.ifC.XD.that
89.AtthattimeIhadnoidea________Icouldhandittohimwithoutbeingseen.
A.ifB.howC.whichD.thathow
90.LastSundayhepromised________today,buthehasntappearedyet.A.thathewouldcomeB.thathewillcomeC.hewillcometoseemeD.whetherhewouldcome
91.LastSundayhemadeapromise________hewasfreehewouldtakemetoQingdao.
A.ifB.thatC.thatifD.whether
92.Doyouhaveanyidea________
A.whenMissSmithwillarriveB.whenwillMissSmitharrive
C.howwillMissSmitharriveD.whyhasntMissSmitharrived
93.Ihavealmostforgotten________.
A.howMr.TaylorslikeB.whatMr.Taylorsfaceislike
C.whatMr.TaylorsfaceisD.whichMr.Taylorsfaceislike
94.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin________,but________.
A.howyouget…thatyougiveB.whichyougotwhatyougive
C.whatyouget…whatyougiveD.whatdoyouget…whatdoyougive
95.Doyouknow________
A.whatisthisusedforB.whatthisisusedforC.whichthisisusedD.thatthisisusedfor
96.________surprisedmemostwas________.
A.That…thatshespokeJapanesesowellB.What…howcouldshespeakJapanesesowell
C.What…thatshespokeJapanesesowellD.That…whyshecouldspeakJapanesesowell
97.________istodance.
A.ThatinterestsMaryreallyB.WhichreallyinterestsMary.
C.WhatreallyinterestsMaryD.WhatreallyinterestMary
98.Weweregreatlyamusedby________.
A.whatyouhavetoldusB.whichyouhadtoldusC.whatyoutoldusD.thatyoutoldus
99.Thesecomputersaredifferentfrom________.
A.thatweexpectedB.whatweexpectedC.whichwehaveexpectedD.whatweexpect
100.________Tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom________.
A.That…thatyouhadexpectedB.What…thatyouhadexpected
C.That…whatyouhadexpectedD.What…whatyouhadexpected
答案:
1-5.CDCDB6-10.BABCD11-15.ADCCA16-20.DABCA21-25.BBDDA26-30.BCDCC31-35.ABCDC36-40.DABBC41-45.CCDDD46-50.ACBAA51-55.CCCAD56-60.ACBBA61-65DABCD66-70CACDB71-75CBBCA76-80CCCCD81-85BADBC86-90ABDBA91-95CABCB96-100CCCBD
名词性从句练习(二)
1.____hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.A.whateverB.NomatterwhatC.ThatD.If
2.Themanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhow____
A.didthequarrelcameaboutB.thequarrelhadcomeabout
C.hadthequarrelcomeaboutD.hadthequarrelcomeabout
3.Energyis____makesthingwork..A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that
4.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as
5.Thisis___theshenzhouVSpaceshiplanded.A.thereB.inwhichC.whereD.when
6.Theyhavenoideaatall____.
A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone
7.Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatientsfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.
A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.ofthat
8.Theordercame___thesoldiers____thesmallvillagethenextmorning.
A.that;hadtoleaveB.that;shouldleaveC./;mustleaveD.when;shouldleave
9.___isnopossibility____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.
A.There;thatB.It;thatC.there;whetherD.It;whether
10.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting_____wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.
A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.if
11.Is_____hesaidreallytrueA.thatB.whatC.whyD.whether
12.____themeetingshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesntmatter.
A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Where
13.Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for
14.____morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinthefutureremainstobeseen.
A.WhetherB.ThisC.whoD.If
15.____hewillgotoworkinamountainvillagesurprisesallofus.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.If
16.____youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoD.How
17.____alltheinventionshaveincommonis____theyhavesucceeded.
A.What;whatB.That;thatC.what;thatD.That;what
18.____appearedtomethatheenjoyedthefoodverymuch.A.WhatB.ItC.AllthatD.That
19.Itiswidely______thatsmokingcancausecancer.A.believedB.thinkC.sayD.hoped
20.____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where
21.____healwaysservesthepeopleverywellisknown.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Who
22.____haspassedthetestwillgetaprize.
A.WhoeverB.NomaterwhoC.WhomeverD.Who
23.Is____truethatthefamousscientistwillgiveusalecturenextweekAthatBitChisDhe
24.Ithasnotbeendecided___theywillleaveforNewYork.A.whenBwhyCthatDwhat
25.Obviously___wedomorningexerciseseveryday__usgood.
A.thatdoB.if;doCwhat;doesD.that;dose
26Itissaid________wasall___hesaid.
Athat;that;thatBwhat;what;whatCthat;which;whatDthat;that;which
27___getshomefirstistocookthesupper.
A.WhoBWhomC.ThosewhoD.Whoever
28___movedusmostwas___helikedaftertheoldmanformorethantwentyyears.
A.That;thatB.What;thatCWhat;whatD.That;what
29.___youdiditisnotknowntoall.A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.Which
30.___youdoshouldbewelldone.AHowB.ThatC.WhateverDWhy
31.ThereasonIplantogois___shewillbedisappointedifIdont.
A.becauseB.thatC.thankstoD.what
32.Whattimedoyouthink__
A.willTomcomebackB.TomwillcomebackC.isTomcomingbackD.canTomgethere
33.Theteachersaidthatlight___fasterthansound.
A.HastraveledB.traveledC.hadtraveledD.travels
34..___isstillaquestion___willwin.A.It;thatB.It;whoC.That;whoD.This;that
35.Ifyouknow___itwasthatwriteATaleofTwoCities,raiseyourhand.
A.whomB.whichC.whoD.that
36.Insomecountries,___arecalled"publicschools"arenotownedbythestate.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.what
37.Thinking___youknow___infactyoudontisaterriblemistake.
A.that;thatB.what;whatC.that;whatD.whatthat
38.Whetherwayswillbefoundtostoppollutionornotisjust___worriesthepublic.
A.whyB.whichC.thatD.what
39.Whydontyoubring___tohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit
A.thatB.whatC.thatD.it
40.___DavidsayssoundsrighttoHelen.Thatswhyshehasmadeuphermindtoleavewithhim___happens.
A.whatever;whateverB.Nomatterwhat;whatever
C.Nomatterwhat;NomatterwhatD.Whatever;however
41.Thatis___Iwasbornandgrewup.A.ThereB.inwhichC.whereD.theplace
42.___shewasinvitedtotheballmadeherveryhappy.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhenD.Because
43.___wearedoinghasneverbeendonebefore.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.Whether
44.---Haveyoufoundyourbookyet---No,Imnotsure___Icouldhaveleftit.
A.whetherB.whereC.whenD.why
45.Thedoctorcouldntanswerthequestion___thepatientcouldsurvivethatnight.
A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.what
46.Ifirmlybelieve___hesaidatthemeetingwasright.
A.thatB.whichC.thatwhatD.whatthat
47.---Whatwereyoutryingtoprovetothepolice---___Iwaslastnight.
A.ThatB.WhenC.WhereD.What
48.Ithink,thoughIcouldbemistaken,__helikedme.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what
49.Atthemeeting,wediscussed___weshouldemploymoreworkers.
A.ifB.whetherC.thatD./
50.After___seemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile.A.whichB.itC.whatD.that
51.___hasagoodeducationcanapplyforthejob.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnyoneD.Whoever
52.___ishardistodogoodalloneslifeandneverdoanythingbad.
A.HeB.ItC.ThatD.What
53.___worriesmeis___weregoingtopayforallthis.
A.It;thatB.That;howC.What;howD.As;that
54.___issaidthatpaperwasinventedinChina.A.AsB.WhichC.ItD.That
55.Manypeoplethoughtlittleofme,butIdidwhat___.
A.IthoughtIwasrightB.IthoughtitwasrightC.IthoughtwasrightD.Iwasthoughtrighty
56.Themanagerhasdecidedtoput___hethinkisenergetic,clever,andhasgoodsenseofduty
inthepositionoftheleadershipofthecompany.
A.thosewhoB.anyoneC.whomeverD.whoever
57.ScientistsbelievenativeAmericansarrivedbycrossingthelandbridgethatconnectedSiberia
and___moretan10,000yearsago.
A.thisisAlaskaB.AlaskaisnowAlaskaC.isnowAlaskaD.whatisnowAlaska
58.Pleasetellme___youwouldliketohaveyourcoffee---blackorwhite
A.whatB.whereC.whichD.how
59.Mymotherasked___withme.
A.whatwasthewrongB.whatthematterwasC.whatmatterwasD.whatwasthematter
60.Someofthescientistsheldthepoint___thebooksaidwasright.
A.whatwhatB.whatwhatC.thatthatD.thatwhat
答案:
1-5ABABC6-10AABAC11-15BBCAB16-20BCBAA21-25BABAD26-30ADBCC31-35BBDBC36-40DCDDA41-45CBBBC46-50CCCBC51-55BDCCC56-60DDDDD

语法讲解:名词性从句


语法讲解:名词性从句
名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接词
1.连接代词:who,whose,whom,what,which.有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
2.连接副词:when,where,why,how.有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。
3.连接词:that,whether,if,asif.that无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略;if(whether),asif虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。
注意:连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句,因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分,连接词whether和if(是否),asif(好像)在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。根据句义,如果连接代词与连接副词,whether、if和asif都用不上时,才用that作连接词(that本身无任何含义)。
二、主语从句
1.主语从句在复合句作主语。
e.g.Whowillgoisnotimportant.
2.用it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末。
e.g.Itdoesn‘tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.
3.that引导主语从句时,不能省略。
e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.
三、表语从句
1.表语从句在复合句中作表语,位于系动词之后。
e.g.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.
2.引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
e.g.Myideais(that)wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.
四、宾语从句
1.宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。
e.g.Ihope(that)everythingisallright.
2.介词之后的宾语从句,不可用which或if连接,要分别用what或whether.
e.g.Iminterestedinwhetheryouvefinishedthework……
Iminterestedinwhatyouvesaid.
3.whether与if都可以引导宾语从句,常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
(1)宾语从句是否定句时,只用if,不用whether.
e.g.Iwonderifitdoesntrain.
(2)用if会引起误解,就要用whether.
e.g.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.(此句如果把whether改成if,容易当成条件句理解)
(3)宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用,就不能换成if;不直接连用,可换。
e.g.Idontknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.
Idontknowwhether/ifthereportistrueornot.
(4)介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,还可引导让步状语从句,以上均不能换成if.但引导条件从句时,只能用if,而不能用whether.
e.g.Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.
Theydontknowwhethertogothere.
Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.
五、同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词(如:news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等)之后,说明该名词的具体内容。
e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.
Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.