高考英语阅读理解复习指导。

一名优秀的教师在每次教学前有自己的事先计划，高中教师在教学前就要准备好教案，做好充分的准备。教案可以让学生们能够更好的找到学习的乐趣，帮助高中教师提前熟悉所教学的内容。那么如何写好我们的高中教案呢？为了让您在使用时更加简单方便，下面是小编整理的“高考英语阅读理解复习指导”，欢迎阅读，希望您能够喜欢并分享！

英语：怎样做好阅读理解复习指导

得阅读者得天下！阅读理解历来都是英语测试的重中之重，阅读战略一直都是各类英语考试备考之主打策略，阅读恐惧也是每位考生最大的应试恐惧。在长期的教学中，我们总结了“重、定、划、看、防、读”阅读理解六字真诀，不少学生从中受益；很大一部分同学按此思路去运作解题，正确率大大提高，阅读理解零失误的同学也大有人在。
现一一阐释，条分缕析，以飨读者。
一、重
“重”——“重文本”。读懂文章最重要。
文本是题源所在，如果将考生比作勘探人员，那么文本就是他们的勘探场所。撰题者正式通过对文章的深入剖析，才将一个个地宝藏埋藏其中，让考生去发掘。所以读懂文本不仅是正确解题的第一步，也是最关键的一步。
但是，快速读懂一篇文章却非易事，需要进行大量的阅读习练。高超的阅读真功夫有赖良好的阅读习惯的培养。既要读得快，又要读得懂，良好的阅读习惯是保障。
1、阅读的不良习惯
要养成良好的阅读习惯，首先要克服阅读的不良习惯。下面我列举了一些常见的阅读不良习惯，对号入座，看你有否。
心译：读一句心译一句，句句必须借助汉语译文方能理解；
指读：阅读时总是用指头或笔尖等指着句子，边移边读；
逐字逐句：一字一句，字字重视，句句关心，生怕漏掉一个单词，眉毛胡子一把抓；
见生即查：阅读时欲将生词各个击破，完全扫清阅读障碍，认为只要没有生词，便可洞悉文章；
出声：阅读时发出声音，全篇诵读，字字句句，丝毫不拉；
唇读：阅读时虽没有发出声音，但唇随句变，词带舌移，只是声带未颤，声音未出；
默读：没有出声，也没有唇动舌移，但目光、意识仍在逐句念诵。
以上不良习惯要么会打断阅读思维的连贯性，要么会破坏对文本的整体理解，而它们最大的害处就是降低了阅读速度。拿高考来说，共有五篇文章，合理的时间分配是35分钟，再分配到每一篇就只有7分钟了（当然考生可以根据文章难易稍做调整）；可就我的教学经验，罕有学生在35分钟内高质量完成五篇文章；有的同学用了50分钟，有的多达一个小时，还不算上复查的时间。常听到同学抱怨“其实试题并不难，只是时间不够”，这正是阅读的不良习惯使然。
2、以意群为单位，成组视读
分清意群，停顿娴熟，不仅是朗诵的关键，更是阅读的基本素质。英语阅读时是以意群为单位，而非以单词或词组为单位。成组视读是说用眼睛扫视，不是一个词一个词的去默看，而是向探照灯一样根据意群，一组组的进行扫视，这时额头成了一个通道，被收纳的是信息，而不是词汇。这是一种高超的阅读能力，非以一贯之的坚持和大量的阅读不能够习得。
3、首尾在心，紧扣中心
任何一位作者都会有自己的写作意图，任何一篇文章都会有自己的中心主旨，而能否明晰作者的写作意图，能否把握文章的主旨，是理解一篇文章的关键，也是阅读水平高低的体现。为了考察考生对文章的理解程度和阅读水平，出题者必然会以各种方式对作者的写作意图与文章的主旨要义进行考察。一般来说，文章的主旨经常会被表述在文章的首尾中，首尾既包括文章的首段尾段，又包括每一段的段首句和段尾句。要想快速把握文章中心，文本之首尾段和各段之首尾句是最佳切入点，因此同学们应格外注意它们。
以2005年福建高考C篇第66题为例：
What’sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?
A.It’simportanttodrilldeepdownintolakesedimentstocollectinformation.
B.It’simpossibletoprovehowclimatechangesintheAmazonrainforest.
C.It’shardtocollectinformatinforstudiesofthepastclimateintheAmazonrainforest.
D.It’snecessarytohavespecializedequipmentandmachinerytostudythepastclimate.
该段首句是“Unfortunately,gettingintotheAmazonrainforestandcollectinginformationareverydifficult.”它正是该段的主题句，C选项正是对其它的同意转述，当然是正确答案。
再如08年四川高考D篇第50题：
Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?
A.Toprovidetravelinformation.B.Toreportsomerecentnews.
C.Toteachtouristshikingskills.D.Tointroducethewildlife.
本文第一段是：“FivemillionpeoplevisitGrandCanyonintheUSeveryyear.ForthepurposeofhelpingprojectGrandCanyonforyourfellowvisitorsandfuturegenerations,pleasefollowtheguidelinesbelow.”本文是开篇点题的典型之作。借用短语“Forthepurposeof…”，作者清晰明了的表述了自己的写作目的：为了方便游客及后来人尽揽大峡谷风貌，请遵守如下旅游须知。由此可见，为游客提供游览信息是本文的主旨，故答案为A.
4、学会跳读，心中有图
阅读理解要做到心中既有森林，又有树木，既要统揽全文，又要主次有别。跳读即可用来通读全文，了解大意，又可用来搜寻细节，锁定被考察信息——如此既把握了整体，又不会忽视细节。在跳读时一定不要借用母语翻译，而要通过情景想象、提纲列表、重点连线、简图示意等手段来梳理文章脉络，使之直观化、形象化、具体化。
以09年中考安徽卷B篇为例，我们可以将重点表达先进行连线：ahappynewmother------ababywithoutears------wascalledfreak------someonedonatedhis/herears------anewpersonappeared------marriedandlivedahappylife------hismother’sbodywithoutears;再对文本进行情景联想，一出由伟大的母亲、无耳的畸形男孩和老成持重的爸爸三人联合演绎的动情故事便会顿时跃入脑海，一幕幕催人泪下的感人场景便会浮现在眼前。
5、善于猜测词义
各类考试都允许出现3%的超纲词汇，这些词汇往往文中都会给出暗示，考生可以根据上下文来推断他们的意思；有些其后则会紧跟其同位语，直接对其进行解释说明；有的词汇（多数为名词）只需判定它是某类事物即可，比如人名、地名、某类动、植物等等，而无须弄明白其具体意思；有些词真是猜不出意思也不必太在意，因为一、两个词不认识根本不会对文章理解带来障碍，一定不能因之而恐慌，从而影响发挥。对于词义猜测试题中的超纲词，文中肯定会对其进行或解释、或同义、或暗示，只要细心，只要思路开阔，就一定能发现线索，确定其含义。
比如09年中考东城区一模阅读C篇第55题：
Whatdoestheword“domestic”meaninparagraphtwo?
A.producingenergy.
B.Fastdriving.
C.Ontheroad.
D.Forfamilyuse.
只要注意到划线单词domestic之后小横线“－”后的“itisusedonlyinthhome”,就很容易做出判断，选择A项。
当然，Romewasn’tbuiltinaday，养成良好的阅读习惯不是一朝一夕的事，它需要耐心、恒心和自制力，只要拥有这“二心一力”，勇于坚持，敢于挑战，方法得当，一个良好的阅读习惯一定会为你所有。
二、定
“定”——“定区间”。能够圈定各题答案的范围。
出题者一般都是根据文本的某一段，或某一段的某一句，或某一句的某一词，或根据隐藏在字里行间的作者的暗示进行题设。这就要求做题时要进行回想、返查，锁定与问题相关信息的所在区域，为正确解题打基础。这个过程就像捉迷藏一样，要想找到文本中躲藏的“猫猫”，就必须对藏躲“猫猫”的区域谙熟于心，进而准确定位，圈定范围，定能一抓一个准。
以09年高考湖北卷为例，第59题是询问手表销售在年轻人群中销量下滑的原因。文章的第一段就是在阐述这个问题，是本题的大区间；确切到句，第五句“Allthesedevicestellthetime—whichiswhy,ifyoulookaround,you’llseelotsofemptywrists;”(所有这些东西都可告诉我们时间——这正是如果你想周围看看的话，那么多人手腕空空的缘由。)是本题的题源所在，也是本题的答案选项A(haveotherdevicestotellthetime)的根据所在；再如本篇第61题，题干问通过文章我们对瑞士表业有何了解，文章的第四段说的都是瑞士高档手表的再发明、巨额广告等相关事宜；本段最后一句指出Rolexes,PatekPhilippe和Breitling三个牌子的手表具体销售对象之三种人（周末休闲登山者，富人和贵族家庭出身的人，驾驶飞机环球旅游家），这三种人必定都是有钱人，所以选择A(Ittargetsrichpeopleasitspotentialcustomers.)自然在情理之中了。
总的来说，每个问题都对应于文本中的某个区间，或显或隐，或大或小，或段或句或词，考生要擦亮眼睛，善于定位，为找到答案的根据做好必要且充分的准备。
三、划
“划”——“划根据”。作答时理由要充分，并在文章中划出解题依据。
能够在文本中划出解题根据是正确解题的关键，更是阅读理解不丢分的保障。猎人有句行话，叫“不见兔子不撒鹰”，在这儿我要告诉各位同学，在做阅读理解时要做到“不见根据不做题”。理由充分，根据凿实，这是“不仅知其然，而且知其所以然”的超高境界，是阅读水平提高的最大见证。从这种意义上讲，“划”字诀是“重、定、划、看、防、读”六字真诀之尤为重要者。
四、看
“看”——“看转换”。注意同一意思的不同表述（同意转述）。
英语语言相当丰富，同一意思会有多种不同表达，以避免语言表述上的单调重复。考试中常见的题型“同意改写”就是考察学生的这一能力的。以句型“决定做某事”为例，英语中就有不下就中表达：
1.decidetodosth.
2.makeadecisiontodosth.
3.determinetodosth.
4.bedeterminedtodosth.
5.makeadeterminationtodosth
6.resolvetodosth.
7.makearesolutiontodosth.
8.makeupone’smindtodosth.
9.setone’smindtodosth.
出题者设计试题时总会用不同的语言结构对文本中的某些信息进行同意转述。有的转述会很明显，可以一目了然；但也不乏隐含很深的转述，比如07年高考上海卷D篇第78题，答案“thecardboardtentsproducedbyMr.Dunlopcanbeuser-tailored.(C)”就是对文中第七段第二句“They（指thecarboardhouses）canbepersonalizedand…”的转述,user-tailored(特制的)和文本中的personalized(特制的)是同义词，但由于词汇难度大而使这个转换隐藏颇深，不容易被识破。
下表中我整理了一些有关同意转换的范例，供同学们参考、领悟。
五、防
“防”——“防陷井”。锁定是“true”还是“nottrue”，辨明形近词。
英语阅读中的陷阱设置最常见的有两种，判断对错真假型和词形相近型。对于判断对错真假型，考生做题前一定要认真审题，看准是“true”还是“nottrue”，是“right”还是“wrong”，然后才着手解题。可能会有同学认为，这么简单的事怎么会错？其实不然，在考场高度紧张的情况下，什么事情都会发生。试想你身边有过多少同学曾因把“true”与“nottrue”看反而懊恼不已，顿足捶胸？
对于词形相近型要做只有两个字“细心”，三思而后选。只要细心，此类陷阱就会很容易被识破。如07年高考全国二卷A篇第45题很多同学选择了A,原因主要是他们把“lonely”看成了“lovely”，这正是出题人设置的陷阱所在，因为“lonely”与“lovely”只有一个字母之差，词形相近，很容易被看混。但只要稍加留意，避免此误也不是难事。
归根到底，“防”的主要对象是自己，防止慌张，防止粗心大意，防止那些“想当然”的想法，防止自己的骄傲情绪——只要沉着应对，处处留心，任何陷阱都会被识别发现的。
六、读
“读”——“读全项”。做判断时要通读每一题的所有选项，区分鉴别，选择最佳。
阅读理解是从三个或四个选项中选出一个最佳选项，解题时考生要通读所有选项，比较鉴别，确定最佳。切不可挑读臆断，匆匆作答。比如做判断对错真假型试题时，选项中会有“一对三错”或“三对一错”，通读全项就会补救误读题干所造成的过失。
上述“重、定、划、看、防、读”阅读理解六字真诀希望能对广大同学有所帮助！

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EdwardWilsonisAmerica’s,ifnottheworld’s,leadingnaturalist.InTheFutureofLife,hetakesusonatouroftheworld’snaturalresources(资源).Howaretheyused?Whathasbeenlost?Whatremainsandisitabletocontinuewiththepresentspeedofuse?Wilsonalsopointsouttheneedtounderstandfullythebiodiversity(生物多样性)ofourearth.
Wilsonbeginswithanopenlettertothepioneerinenvironment(环境)protectionHenryDavidThoreau.Hecomparestoday’sWaldenPondwiththatofThoreau’sday.Wilsonwillusesuchcomparisonsfortherestofthebook.Theproblemisclean:manhasdonegreatdamagetohishomeovertheyears.Cantheearth,withhumanhelp,bemadetoreturntobiodiversitylevelsthatwillbeabletosupportusinthefuture?
Biodiversity,Wilsonargues,isthekeytosettlingmanyproblemstheearthfacestoday.Evenouragriculturalcropscangainadvantagesfromit.Amerehundredspecies(物种)arethebasisofourfoodsupply,ofwhichbuttwentycarrytheload.Wilsonsuggestschangingthissituationbylookingintotenthousandspeciesthatcouldbemadeuseof,whichwillbeawaytoreducetheclearingofthenaturalhomesofplantsandanimalstoenlargefarmingareas.
Attheendofthebook,Wilsondiscussestheimportanceofhumanvaluesinconsideringtheenvironment.Ifyouaretocontinuetoliveontheearth,youmaywellreadandactontheideas.
72.WelearnfromthetextthatWilsoncaresmostabout.
A.theenvironmentforplants
B.thebiodiversityofourearth
C.thewasteofnaturalresources
D.theimportanceofhumanvalues
73.Howmanyspeciesaremostimportanttoourpresentfoodsupply?
A.Twenty.B.EightyC.Onehundred.D.Tenthousand.
74.Wilsonsuggeststhatonewaytokeepbiodiversityisto.
A.learnhowtofarmscientifically
B.buildhomesforsomedyingspecies
C.makeitclearwhattoeat
D.usemorespeciesforfood
75.Wecaninferthatthetextis.
A.adescriptionofnaturalresourcesB.aresearchreport
C.abookreviewD.anintroductiontoascientist
参考答案及解析
72.典型错误A.错因分析没有抓住文章的重点,以次代主,以点代面.
　本题属于判断推理题.这类题要求学生在理解文章中直接陈述的观点或描述的事实基础上，领悟作者的弦外之意，得出符合作者意愿的结论，即作者没有在文章中明说的。要得出正确的推理仅以阅读材料为前题还不够，还必须结合自己应有的常识。本题的关键提示信息在第三段中的第一句话.
本题的正确选项为B.
73.典型错误D.错因分析是学生审题不细.
　本题是细节理解题.学生们在做此类试题时,可以采用查读法,即带着问题寻找答案,同时要注意审题.
本题的正确选项为A.
74.典型错误A.错因分析信息错位,释意不清.
　本题是细节理解题.属于间接辨认题,要正确地理解文章中具体信息的含义,并用同义或是近义的形式复述出来.本题的选项依据为第三段的最后一句话.
本题的正确选项为D.
75.典型错误A.错因分析关键信息没有抓住,以点代面.
　本题是推理判断题.推理判断要根据文章中的信息来判断,不能依据自己的主观判断,也不能以点代面.本题推断依据为文章开始部分的TheFutureofLife一书的基本内容,然后重点谈及Biodiversity的重要性,最后根据文章最后一段,由此可以判断出本题选C项.
本题的正确选项为C.

WANGHaoandWangLiqin,twoofChinastoptabletennisplayers,bothsawtheWorldTableTennisChampionshipsasachancetoprovethemselves.Buttherewasonlyonechampion(冠军)andWangHao,25,wonitlastTuesdayinYokohama,Japan.
WangHao,whowonthemensdoublestitlewithChenQilastMonday,playedwithspirittobeatWangLiqin11-9,13-11,11-5,11-9.
WangHaosaiditwashismentaltoughness(心理稳定)thatmadethedifference."IwasdisappointedbymyperformancesinpastchampionshipsandthelasttwoOlympicGames.ButIhavetriedtopullmyselftogetherandpreparedwell.Thisistheresult."
WangHaosaidhehasalwaysunderstoodtheimportanceofphysicaltrainingandtechnicalskills.Nowheknowstheneedformentalpreparationaswell.HavingtwoOlympicsilvershadlefthimfeelingbitter(痛苦的).Thebitternessperhapsexplainswhyhehasnotalwaysplayedathisbestinthepast.
"Ivecometounderstandthatyoucanlearnimportantlessonsfromfailure,"hesaid."Losingcanbuildyourcharacterandmakeyouastrongerplayer."Hisnextgoal,ordream,istowinthegoldmedalattheLondonOlympicsin2012.
LiuGuoliang,headcoachofChinastabletennisteam,sangthepraisesofWangHaosvictory."Thisisjustthebeginningofhisrise,"saidLiu."Itstheconfidence-boosterheneedstomakefurtherprogress."
1.Accordingtothepassage,WangHaowon_____goldmedalsintheWorldTableTennisChampionshipsinYokohama,Japan.
A.onlyoneB.twoC.threeD.four
2.FromWangHao,wecanknowthemainreasonforhisbeatingWangLiqinis______.
A.histechnicalskillsB.hisphysicaltraining
C.hismentaltoughnessD.hispastexperience
3.WhatisthenextgoalofWangHao?
A.Towinthetitleofthechampionatthe2012Olympics
B.TobeatWangLiqinagain
C.Toprovehimselfinthefuturecompetitions
D.Towinmoregoldsinfuture
4.WhatcanwelearnfromWangHao?
A.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.
B.Nevergiveupuntilyousucceed.
C.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
D.Agoodbeginningmakesagoodending.
参考答案及解析：
1.典型错误A.错因分析没有全面地阅读文章，以点代面了。
细节理解题。根据文章第一段和第二段可知。此类题可以带着问题在文中采用查读法寻找答案。
本题的正确选项为B.
2．典型错误A或B或是D。错因分析是没有抓住细节理解题的重点，审题不细。因为题干中有一个mainly.
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的第一句话可知。对于细节理解题的选项的选择，一定要理解题干，并防止以次代主。
本题的正确选项为C。
3．典型错误D.错因分析审题不清，D项也许是WangHao的远期目标，但是题干是thenextgoal。
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Hisnextgoal,ordream,istowinthegoldmedalattheLondonOlympicsin2012.”可知。注意审题。
本题的正确选项为A。
4．典型错误B或C.错因分析在于学生对文章的理解不透彻。
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段可知。推理判断题要认真研读文章，根据文章中的内容来进行推理判断。
本题的正确选项为A。

DearHamilton,
Wearefortunatethatinsuchalarge,high-pressureofficeweallgetalongsowell.Youareoneofthepeoplewhokeepthesocialtemperatureatsuchacomfortablesetting.Idon’tknowanyoneintheofficewhoisbetterlikedthanyou.
Youcanperhapshelpwiththis.Thecollectionofcontributionstowardsgiftsforemployees’personal-lifeeventsisbecomingalittletroubling.Certainly,thegroupsendingofagiftisreasonablenowandthen.Inthepastmonth,however,therehavebeencollectionsfortwobabyshowergifts,oneweddingshowergift,twoweddinggifts,onefuneral（葬礼）remembrance,fourbirthdaygifts,andthreegraduationgifts.
It’snotonlythecollected-fromwhoaregrowinguncomfortable(andpoor),butthecollected-forfeeluneasyreceivinggiftsfrompeoplewhodon’tknowthemoutsidetheoffice,whowouldn’tevenrecognizetheirgraduatingchildren,theirmarryingdaughtersandsons,ortheirdeadrelatives.
Thisisbasicallyakindgesture(andonethatpeoplethinkwellofyoufor),butthepracticeseemstohavebecometoowide-rangingandfeelsimproperintoday’sofficesetting.
Thankyouforunderstanding.
63.Theunderlinedword“contributions”probablymeans________.
A.moneyB.suggestionsC.reportsD.understanding
64.Hamiltonisexpectedto_______.
A.showmorekindness.
B.discontinuethepresentpractice
C.quitbeingtheorganizerforgiftgiving
D.knowmoreaboutco-workers’families
65.Thisisbasicallyaletterof________.
A.apologyB.sympathyC.appreciationD.dissatisfaction
参考答案
63.典型错误D.错因分析释不达意，胡乱猜测.
　本题考查词义猜测.对于词义的猜测可以有许多的方法,常见的方法是根据上下文所举例子来猜测.本题就是根据文中的Inthepastmonth,however,therehavebeencollectionsfortwobabyshowergifts,oneweddingshowergift,twoweddinggifts,onefuneral（葬礼）remembrance,fourbirthdaygifts,andthreegraduationgifts.可猜测出contributions的意思为”礼金,份子”.
本题的正确选项为A.
64.典型错误A.错因分析无视主题，以点带面.
本题考查细节推测题.对于细节推测的理解要以文章的中心为依据并根据文章中的具体信息来推测,做到有根据的选答案,并且信息点一定要找准,防止张冠李戴.本题选择依据为倒数第二段中的”butthepracticeseemstohavebecometoowide-rangingandfeelsimproperintoday’sofficesetting.”
本题的正确选项为B.
65.典型错误C.错因分析无视主题，以点带面.
本题考查主旨大意.这类问题属于全局性问题。要做好这类问题必须找出文章中心思想句。把注意力放在阅读材料的开头和结尾，放在观点性、归纳性和概括性的句子上，放在被许多句子说明和证实的句子上。并注意由insummary,inaword,asaresult,finally,inshort,inconclusion和inbrief等“信号词”引导的句子。本题的答案依据为feelsimproperintoday’sofficesetting.,以及最后一句话,因此答案为D项.
本题的正确选项为D.

Haveyoueverusedsolarenergytoboilabottleofwaterortakeashower?Haveyoueverthoughtthatsolarenergyisfarawayfromourdailylives?Youmaydoubtaboutthat.InJapan,thereisawonderfulprogramofSolarCity.
SolarCityislocated80,000metersnorthwestofTokyo,amongthestrawberryfields.ThisisoneofJapan’ssunniestplaces.SolarCitycoversabout410,000squaremetres.Seventy-fivepercentofthehomestherearecoveredbysolarpanels.Thegovernmenthasprovidedpeopletherewiththesolarpanelsforfree.Inaddition,thegovernmenthaspaid9.7billionyentostudyhowtomakefulluseofsolarenergy.Anumberofsolarenergycompanieshavealsogivenmoneytohelpthisprogram.
PeoplelivinginSolarCitythinkusingsolarpanelsisagoodwaytosavemoney.However,savingmoneyisnottheonlyreasonwhypeoplearemovingintothiscity."Wemovedherebecauseofthepanels.Itwassomethingwewanted,”saidMikaHiroshima.ShemovedtoSolarCitywithherhusbandandtwolittlechildrenaboutfouryearsago.
ItiswellknownthatJapanisacountrythatisshortofenergy,buttheSolarCityprogramhasbroughthopeforthecountry."Peoplewantsolarenergy,”saidanofficialofSolarCity.ActuallyinSolarCity,thereare550familiesmakinguseofsolarenergyatthemoment.Allofthemsaythattheywanttokeepusingsolarenergyevenaftertheprogramendsin2010.Insunnydays,solarpanelsareabletoprovidemorethanenoughenergyforanormalfamily.However,thesolarpanelsarenotthatusefulincloudydays.Despitethis,SolarCityisstillawonderfulprogrambecauseitinspirespeopletowiselyusethelimitedenergy.
1.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.
A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutsolarenergy
B.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopic
C.learnthesituationthatsolarenergyisused
D.invitethereaderstoanswerthem
2.Thethirdparagraphofthepassageismainlyabout______.
A.thereasonwhypeoplearemovingintoSolarCity
B.howthepeoplearelivinginSolarCity
C.thethingsthatpeoplelivinginSolarCityneed
D.thelifeexperiencefromthepeoplelivinginSolarCity
3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_________.
A.Japanisacountrywhichislackinginenergy
B.thesolarpanelsareonlyusefulinsunnydays
C.theSolarCityprogramwillbesuccessful
D.SolarCityisaverymodernbigcity
参考答案及解析：
1．典型错误A.错因分析：信息错位，张冠李戴。题干是考查文章开头的写作目的，而非全篇的写作目的。
写作目的题。作者在文章开头提出问题让读者思考，或是简单介绍与主题有关的其他事物，目的往往是为了引出主题,故选B。
本题的正确选项为B。
2．典型错误B.错因分析是没有抓住文章段落的主题。
主旨大意题。从本段来看，第一句话说出，生活在太阳城使用太阳电池板省钱。第二句话说出了，生活在太阳城不仅是为了省钱，还为了太阳电池板。因此，可知答案为A。考查文章的段落大意，此时要注意段落的主题句，可位于段首，段尾或段落的中间，也有的要从段中自己提取的。
本题的正确选项为A。
3．典型错误A或B.错因分析是没有掌握试题的特点，推理判断题要从文中进行推断，而不是文中的原话。
推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段中的“Allofthemsaythattheywanttokeepusingsolarenergyevenaftertheprogramendsin2010.”可知。此项目的目的达到了。因此，C项正确。D项，可根据文中的“SolarCitycoversabout410,000squaremetres.”知，SolarCity并不是一个大城市。A、B两项是文中的事实，而非推理。推理判断题分为简单推理和复杂推理。所谓简单推理就是以表面文字为前提，以具体事实为依据进行推理，做出判断。这种推理方式比较直接，只要弄清事实，即可结合常识推断出合理的结论。而复杂推理就是不但要以文字为依据，而且还要以文章的语境、内涵为前提。这是一种间接而复杂的逻辑推理方式。考生要推断出文章没有表明但又合乎逻辑的推理，就必须由表及里地归纳或演绎。
本题的正确选项为C。

Peoplebelievesthatclimbingcandogoodtohealth.Wherecanyoulearntheskillofclimbingthen?Ifyouthinkthatyouhavetogotothemountainstolearnhowtoclimb,you’rewrong.ManyAmericansarelearningtoclimbincitygyms(体育馆).Here,peoplearelearningonclimbing.Theclimbingwallgoesstraightupandsmallholdingplacesforhandsandfeet.
Howdopeopleclimbthewall?Toclimb,youneedspecialshoesand(保护带)aroundyourchesttoholdyou.Thereareropes(绳索)tiedtoyour.Theropesholdyouinplacesothatyoudon’tfall.Abeginner’swallisusuallyabout15feethigh,andyouclimbstraightup.Therearesmallpiecesofmetalthatstickoutforyoutostandonandholdonto.Sometimesit’seasytoseethenewpieceofmetal.Sometimes,it’snot.Themostdifficultisanyourfear.It’snormalforhumanstobeafraidoffalling,soit’sdifficultnottofeelfear.Butwhenyoumoveawayfromthewall,theandtheropesholdyou,andyoubegintofeelsafe.Youmoveslowlyuntilyoureachthetop.
Climbingattractspeoplebecauseit’sgoodexerciseforalmosteveryone.Youuseyourwholebody,especiallyyourarmsandlegs.Thissportgivesyourbodyacompleteworkout.Whenyouclimb,bothyourmindandyourbodycanbecomestronger.
64.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?
A.Peoplearefairlyinterestedinclimbingnowadays.
B.Itisimpossibletobuildupone’sbodybyclimbing.
C.Peoplecanonlylearntheskillofclimbingoutdoors.
D.Itisalwayseasytoseeholdingplacesinclimbing.
65.Themostdifficultthingtodoinwallclimbingis_______.
A.totieropestoyourB.tocontrolyourfear
C.tomoveawayfromthewallD.toclimbstraightup
66.Theword“workout”underlinedinthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans_________.
A.settlementB.exerciseC.excitementD.tiredness
67.Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?
A.Totellpeoplewheretofindgyms.B.Toprovethebasicneedforclimbing
C.Toencouragepeopletoclimbmountains.D.introducethesportofwallclimbing

参考答案及解析：
64.典型错误D.错因分析片面理解，没有从全文的角度去看问题。
　推理判断题.在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。本题属于从文章的主题进行的推论，因此从文章的第一段,第三段的首句可容易推知答案.
本题的正确选项为A.
65.典型错误D.错因分析是脱离文章，而主观判断试题的答案。
　细节理解题.从第二段倒数第三句”It’snormalforhumanstobeafraidoffalling,soit’sdifficultnottofeelfear.”可知答案.细节理解题可通过查读法进行理解，是高考阅读题中较简单的题型，但是答案的依据一定要忠实于原文。
本题的正确选项为B.
66.典型错误A.错因分析是脱离上下文，而采用了构词法来猜测生词的意思，因为workout意为“解决”，所以学生们会误以为workout的意思为A。
　词义猜测题.根据“Climbingattractspeoplebecauseit’sgoodexerciseforalmosteveryone.”与”Whenyouclimb,bothyourmindandyourbodycanbecomestronger.”可知workout与exercise同义,表示”锻炼”.词义猜测时可以根据构词法来进行，但是也要符合上下文的语境。
本题的正确选项为B.
67.典型错误B.错因分析没有掌握作意图判断题的方法，以偏代全。
　意图判断题.意图判断题分具体内容的写作意图和篇章内容的写作意图，因此在答题要分析题干，如果文章的写作意图，就要结合文章的主旨来判断。本题就是结合全文可知,作者的写作意图旨在介绍室内攀岩运动.
本题的正确选项为D.

Theonlysurvivorofashipwreckwaswasheduponasmall,uninhabitedisland.HeprayedfeverishlyforGodtorescuehim,andeverydayhescannedthehorizonforhelp,butnoneseemedforthcoming.
Exhausted,heeventuallymanagedtobuildalittlehutoutofdriftwoodtoprotecthimfromtheelements,andtostorehisfewpossessions.Butthenoneday,afterlookingforfood,hearrivedhometofindhislittlehutinflames,thesmokerollinguptothesky.
Theworsthadhappened;everythingwaslost.
Hewasstunnedwithgriefandanger."Godhowcouldyoudothistome!"hecried.
Earlythenextday,however,hewasawakenedbythesoundofashipthatwasapproachingtheisland.Ithadcometorescuehim."HowdidyouknowIwashere?"askedthewearymanofhisrescuers."Wesawyoursmokesignal,"theyreplied.
Itiseasytogetdiscouragedwhenthingsaregoingbad.
Butweshouldntloseheart,becauseGodisatworkinourlives,eveninthemidstofpainandsuffering.
Remember,nexttimeyourlittlehutisburningtothegrounditjustmaybeasmokesignalthatsummonsthegraceofGod.
Forallthenegativethingswehavetosaytoourselves,Godhasapositiveanswerforit.
1．Thepropertitleofthepassageis.
A．GodIsWhereverWeNeedHim
B．WeshouldhaveaPositiveAttitudetoLife
C．AStoryHappenedonAnUninhabitedIsland
D．ASurvivorWasHowtoBeSaved
2．Afterthesurvivorseeinghishutburningtotheground,he_________.
A．wasveryangryandfrightenedanddidn’tsleep
B．wasverysadanddisappointedanddidn’tsleep
C．wassoangryandsadthathesleptwithoutconsciousness
D．wassosurprisedthathesleptwithoutconsciousness
3．Fromthestorywecaninfer_______.
A．thatthesurvivorwasaluckydog
B．Godisakindandconsiderableoldman
C．Godiswillingtohelpanyonewhohelpsoneself
D．Youarewhatyoueat
4.Themeaningoftheunderlinedpart“asmokesignalthatsummonsthegraceofGod”maybe___.
A．asmokesignalthatshowsGod’sidea
B．apieceofinformationthatGodsendsouttoinformrescuers.
C．anorderthatGodgivestopunishthemanwhoisintrouble
D．asignalthatshowsGod’skindnesstohelpthemanintrouble
参考答案及解析：
1．典型错误A.错因分析：没有考虑到文章的主题。
选择适合的文章标题。从全文来看，C项比较全面，且能概括文章的内容。选择文章的标题属于主旨大意题。要在通读全文的基础上，认真分析主人公的特定心态、文章大意及作者的写作意图，在此基础上还要做到概括性、针对性、醒目性的有机结合。
本题的正确选项为C。
2．典型错误D.错因分析对于文章的细节处理解不到位。
细节理解题。根据文章中的“Hewasstunnedwithgriefandanger."Godhowcouldyoudothistome!"hecried.”可知。在做细节理解题时，一定要回到原文中找出与答题内容相关的词语和句子，在理解原文的基础上选择答案，找到关键词后最好在下面划线，以便检查。
本题的正确选项为C.
3．典型错误C.错因分析：片面理解文章，以致于得出错误的结论。
推理判断题。从文章开头我们知道，这位主人公是一位失船事故的幸存者，并且文章的最后我们可以看出因意外的茅屋失火，他却意想不到的得救。因此，可知主人公是一位幸运儿。推理判断题要忠于原意，以文章提供的事实和线索想象，随意想象，更不能己自己的观点代替作者的观点。
本题的正确选项为A。
4．典型错误A.错因分析：释不达意，胡乱猜测
句意的解释。grace意为“恩泽”；summon意为“传唤”；本句话的意思为“传唤上帝恩泽的一个烟信号”。因此，可知D项更符合句意。句子的解释是最近几年来高考新出现的题型，要根据上下文来推测。
本题的正确选项为D.

高考英语阅读理解之主旨大意题复习

英语科5年高考3年模拟[浙江专版]
专题17阅读理解之主旨大意题

这类题主要是测试学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。常见的设题方式有：
(1)Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemainpointofthepassage?
(2)Whatisthewritertryingtotellus?
(3)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?
(4)Thepurposeofthepassageis.
(5)Themain(general)ideaofthepassageis.
(6)Thepassageismainlyabout.
(7)Whatismainlydiscussedinthepassage?
这类题通常围绕一个中心思想展开，一些文章一开头便展示出文章的中心思想，第一段常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，也有一些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。每个段落往往也由一个主题句或几个陈述句构成，它们在句中的位置不同，有时在开头,首先点明本段大意;有时在结尾,总结本段大意。
做这类题，首先要找出文章的主题句。找出文章的主题句，也就明确了文章要讲什么，再通过速读全文，就可以把握文章的中心思想了。
主题句在整个语段中起着通领全段的作用，其它句子都是用来阐述、解释、支持或发展主题句所表达的主题思想的，其位置一般位于段首，也见于段尾或段中。
另外在许多文段中，设有可以概括全段意义的主题句，必须根据文章中所提供的事实细节，进行全面分析，然后归纳成一般概念。但必须注意，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。这就需要进一步加工概括了。
〖第一招〗
在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。因此仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法。浏览时，一般不需逐句浏览，只需选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句。重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。
有些文章的主题句或者说“文眼”出现在文章的最后，此类文章往往以列举事实开头，通过论证，最后阐述核心观点，或者引用某个人的话印证自己的观点，以此归纳文章的主旨大意，所以有时要找出这样的信息，从中提炼标题或归纳大意。
〖第二招〗抓住文章段落大意，概括中心思想
寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。在这个过程中，考生们不能只依据只言片语，或光看文章的某一些段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的重点，考虑文章中材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的，分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么中心来安排的。最后用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。即不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
〖第三招〗抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心
要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。
考点解析
该题型提问的形式主要有三类：第一类是MainIdea型；第二类是Topic/Title型；第三类是PurposeandAttitude型。
Ⅰ.MainIdea型
这种题型一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题思想或目的设题；有的也会针对文中的某一关键段落的思想和目的进行设题。
Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemainpointofthepassage?
Themain(general)ideaofthepassageis______.
Fromthepassageweknowthat______.
Whatsthemainidea/topic/subject/pointofthispassage?
Whatdoesthepassagemainlydealwith?
Thearticleiswrittentoexplain______.
Allthedetailsinthispassagesupportthemainidea______.
Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlydiscuss?
Thefirstparagraphmainlytellsus______.
Whatsthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?
1．首先要找出文章的主题句(TopicSentence)，即中心思想，其他句子则为支撑句或扩展句(DevelopingDetails)，是用来阐述、解释、支持或发展主题句所表达的主题思想的。
2．在许多文段中，没有可以概括全段意义的主题句，必须根据文章中所提供的事实细节，进行全面分析，然后归纳成一般概念。但必须注意：既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
Ⅱ.Topic/Title型
在阅读理解的命题中，有时要求确定相应的标题，以考查考生对全文中心思想的理解。
Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe______.
Thetext(passage)couldbeentitled______.
Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?
Thetopicofthepassageis______.
1．给文章加标题，首先要把握好文章大意，不能把文章某一段的大意看做是整篇文章的大意，更不能把文章细节看成是文章大意，以防标题的片面性。
2．注意文章的体裁及文章意图。根据不同体裁，结合叙述的过程、说明的用途、议论的主题等，从而正确地确定标题。
3．注意文章标题本身的句法和语法特征：一是要言简意赅，引人注目；二是要利用省略等修辞手段，尽量使标题句法结构正确。
Ⅲ.PurposeandAttitude型
每一篇文章都能体现出其写作意图、作者的态度和观点。命题中常结合考生对文章的理解，考查对写作目的和作者态度的理解。常见的设题方式有：
Theauthorsmainpurposeinwritingthepassageis______.
Thepassageismeantto______.
Thepurposeofthisarticleis______.
Theauthorsattitudetoward…isbestdescribedasoneof______.
Whatmightbethepurposeoftheauthortowritethispassage?
Whatistheauthorsmainpurposeinthispassage
文章需要通过细节来支撑文章的思想和大意，而作者正是通过这些思想和大意来体现其态度、观点和目的。因此，领会文章的态度、观点和目的与文章的主旨大意是密不可分的。
B　主旨大意题。文章第六、七两段点出了文章的主题思想。Thegamebetweenhumansandtheirsmartdevicesisamusingandcomplex.人与科技之间的游戏既有趣又复杂，所以文章讲的是人类与科技之间的关系。

五年高考
A组全国高考题组
1.
Twofriendshaveanargumentthatbleaksuptheirfriendshipforever,eventhoughneitheronecanrememberhowthewholethinggotstarted.Suchsadeventshappenoverandoverinhighschoolsacrossthecountry.Infact,accordingtoanofficialreportonyouthviolence,"Inourcountrytoday,thegreatestthreattothelivesofchildrenandadolescentsisnotdiseaseorstarvationorabandonment,buttheterriblerealityofviolence".Giventhatthisisthecase,whyarentstudentstaughttomanageconflictthewaytheyaretaughttosolvemathproblems,drivecars,orstayphysicallyfit?
Firstofall,studentsneedtorealizethatconflictisunavoidable.Areportonviolenceamongmiddleschoolandhighschoolstudentsindicatesthatmostviolentincidentsbetweenstudentsbeginwitharelativelyminorinsult(侮辱).Forexample,afightcouldstartoverthefactthatonestudenteatsapeanutbuttersandwicheachlunchtime.Laughteroverthesandwichcanleadtoinsults,whichinturncanleadtoviolence.Theproblemisntinthesandwich,butinthewaystudentsdealwiththeconflict.
Oncestudentsrecognizethatconflictisunavoidable,theycanpracticethegoldenruleofconflictresolution(解决)staycalm.Oncethestudentfeelscalmer,heorsheshouldchoosewordsthatwillcalmtheotherpersondownaswell.Rudewords,name-calling,andaccusationonlyaddfueltotheemotionalfirOntheotherhand,softwordsspokenatanormalsoundlevelcanputoutthefirebeforeitexplodesoutofcontrol.
Afterbothsideshavecalmeddown,theycanuseanotherkeystrategyforconflictresolution;listening.Listeningallowsthetwosidestounderstandeachother.Onepersonshoulddescribehisorherside,andtheotherpersonshouldlistenwithoutinterrupting.Afterward,thelistenercanasknon-threateningquestionstoclarifythespeakersposition.Thenthetwopeopleshouldchangeroles.
Finally,studentsneedf.considerwhattheyarehearing.Thisdoesntmeantryingtofigureoutwhatswrongwiththeotherperson.Itmeansunderstandingwhattherealissueisandwhatbothsidesaretryingtoaccomplish.Forexample,ashoutingmatchoverapeanutbuttersandwichmighthappenbecauseonepersonthinkstheotherpersonisunwillingtotrynewthings.Studentsneedtoaskthemselvesquestionssuchasthese:Howdidthisstart?WhatdoIreallywant?WhatamIafraidoffAstheissuebecomesclearer,theconflictoftensimplybecomessmaller.Evenifitdoesnt,carefulthoughthelpsbothsidesfigureoutamutualsolution.
Therewillalwaysbeconflictinschools,butthatdoesntmeanthereneedstobeviolence.AfterstudentsinAtlantastartedaconflictresolutionprogram,accordingtoEducatorsforSocialResponsibility,"64percentoftheteachersreportedlessphysicalviolenceintheclassroom;75percentoftheteachersreportedanincreaseinstudentcooperation;and92percentofthestudentsfeltbetteraboutthemselves".Learningtoresolveconflictscanhelpstudentsdealwithfriends,.teachers.parents,bosses,andcoworkers.Inthatway,conflictresolutionisabasiclifeskillthatshouldbetaughtinschoolsacrossthecountry.
50.Thisarticleismainlyabout.
A.thelivesofschoolchildrenB.thecauseofargumentsinschools
C.howtoanalyzeyouthviolenceD.howtodealwithschoolconflicts
50.D
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段最后一句Giventhatthisisthecase,whyarentstudentstaughttomanageconflictthewaytheyaretaughttosolvemathproblems,drivecars,orstayphysicallyfit?和整体理解，可知答案D符合文意。

2.
BicycleSafety
OperationAlwaysrideyourbikeinasafe,controlledmanneroncampus(校园).Obeyrulesandregulations.Watchoutforwalkersandotherbicyclists,andalwaysuseyourlightsindarkconditions.
TheftPreventionAlwayssecurelylockyourbicycletoabicyclerack---evenifyouareonlyawayforaminute.RegisteryourbikewiththeUniversityDepartmentofPublicSafety.It’sfast,easy,andfree.Registrationpermanentlyrecordsyourserialnumber,whichisusefulinthepossiblerecoveryofthebikestolen.
Equipment
BrakesMakesurethattheyareingoodworkingorderandadjustedproperly.
HelmetAnecessity,makesureyourhelmetmeetscurrentsafetystandardsandfitproperly.
LightsAlwayshaveafrontheadlight---visibleatleast500feetinfrontofthebike.Ataillightisa
goodidea.
RulesoftheRoad
RidingonCampusAsabicyclerider,youhavearesponsibilitytorideonlyonstreetsandpostedbicyclepaths.Ridingonsidewalksorotherwalkwayscanleadtoafine.Thespeedlimitforbicyclesoncampusis15mph,unlessotherwiseposted.Alwaysgivetherightofwaystowalkers.Ifyouareinvolvedinanaccident,youarerequiredtoofferappropriateaid,calltheDepartmentofPublicSafetyandremainatthesceneuntiltheofficerletsyougo.
BicycleParkingOnlyparkinareasreservedforbikes.Trees,handrails,hallways,andsignpostsarenotforbicycleparking,andparkinginsuchpostscanresultinafine.
IfThingsGoWrong
Ifyoubreaktherules,youwillbefined.Besidesviolatingruleswhileridingbicyclesoncampus,youcouldbefinedfor:
Nobicycleregistration---------------------------------------------------
Bicycleparkingbanned--------------------------------------------------
Blockingpathwithbicycle---------------------------------------------
Violationofbicycleequipmentrequirement-------------------------
40.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Aguideforsafebicyclingoncampus.B.Directionsforbicycletouroncampus.
C.Regulationsofbicycleraceoncampus.D.Rulesforridingmotorvehiclesoncampus.
3.
Stillseekingadestinationforyourweekendbreak?Therearesomeplaceswhichareprobablyamerewallawayfromyourcollege.
King’sArtCentre
AdayattheCentrecouldmeanavisittoanexhibitionoftheworkofoneofthemostinterestingcontemporaryartistsonshowanywhere.Thisweekendseestheopeningofanexhibitionoffourlocalartists.
Youcouldattendaclassteachingyouhowto‘learnfromthemasters’orgetmorecreativewithpaint–freeofcharge.
TheCentrealsorunstwolifedrawingclassesforwhichthereisasmallfee.
theBotanicGarden
TheGardenhasover8,000plantspecies;itholdstheresearchandteachingcollectionoflivingplantsforCambridgeUniversity.
Themulti-branchedTorchAloehereisimpressive.TheAfricanplantproducesredflowersaboveblue-greenleaves,andisnotonetomiss.
GettothedisplayhousetoseeDionaeamuscipula,aplantmorecommonlyknownastheVenusFlytrapthatfeedsoninsectsandothersmallanimals.
TheGardenisalsoaplaceforwildlife-enthusiasts.Lookforgrasssnakesinthelake.Asnakecalled‘HissingSid’isregularlyseenlyingintheheatofthewarmsun.
Byron’sPool
ManystoriessurroundLordByron’stimeasastudentofCambridgeUniversity.Arrivingin1805,hewrotealettercomplainingthatitwasaplaceof“messanddrunkenness”.However,itseemsasthoughByrondidmanagetopassthetimepleasantlyenough.I’mnotjusttalkingaboutthepetbearhekeptinhisrooms.Hespentagreatdealoftimewalkinginthevillage.
ItisalsosaidthatonoccasionByronswamnakedbymoonlightinthelake,whichisnowknownasByron’sPool.AcoupleofmilespastGrantchesterinthesouthCambridgeshirecountryside,thepoolissurroundedbybeautifulcircularpathsaroundthefields.Thecriesofinvisiblebirdsmakethetripalovelyexperienceandonthewayhomeyoucandropintothevillageforafternoontea.Ifyoudon’ttrustme,thenperhapsyou’lltakeitfromVirginiaWoolf–overacenturyafterByron,shereportedlytookatriptoswiminthesamepool.
65.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Someplacesforweekendbreak.
B.Awaytobecomecreativeinart.
C.Thecolourfullifeinthecountryside.
D.UnknownstoriesofCambridgeUniversity.

4.

Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.
Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:Oncewehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningtrials(尝试)increasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.
Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.
Themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.
Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming(突击学习)foranexamination,thoughitmayresultinapassinggrade,isnotasatisfactorywaytolearnacollegecourse.Bycramming,astudentmaylearnthesubjectwellenoughtogetbyontheexamination,butheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghelearned.Alittleoverlearning,ontheotherhand,isreallynecessaryforonesfuturedevelopment.
本文是一篇议论文。成年人常常惊叹他们能很好地记着儿时学过的东西。作者认为这是儿时过度学习的结果，是因为当我们儿时学会一样东西的时候，我们不是就此停止，而是继续练习，才使我们记忆深刻。文章用例证法说明了“过度学习”的概念。最后作者谈到了“过度学习”的好处和突击学习的弊端。
67.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph1?
A.Peoplerememberwellwhattheylearnedinchildhood.
B.Childrenhaveabettermemorythangrown-ups.
C.Poemreadingisagoodwaytolearnwords.
D.Storiesforchildrenareeasytoremember.
A
根据文章的第一段的“Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.”可知：文章讲得是成年人常常惊叹他们非常好的记着儿时学过的东西。C、D断章取义，讲得太具体，B项错误，因为那是过度学习的结果，不是儿时记忆力好。所以A正确。
考查主旨要义。
5.
Springiscoming,anditistimeforthoseabouttograduatetolookforjobs.Competitionistough,sojobseekersmustcarefullyconsidertheirpersonalchoices.Whateverwearewearing，ourfamilyandfriendsmayacceptus,buttheworkplacemaynot.
Ahighschoolnewspapereditorsaiditisunfairforcompaniestodiscouragevisibletattoos(纹身）noserings,orcertaindressstyles.Itistrueyoucan’tjudgeabookbyitscover,yetpeopledo“cover”themselvesinordertoconvey(传递)certainmessages.Whatwewear,includingtattoosandnoserings,isanexpressionofwhoweare.Justaspeopleconveymessagesaboutthemselveswiththeirappearancessodocompanies.Dressstandardsexistinthebusinessworldforanumberofreasons,butthemainconcernisoftenaboutwhatcustomersaccept.
Othersmaysayhowtodressisamatterofpersonalfreedom,butforbusinessesitismoreaboutwhethertomakeorlosemoney.Mostemployersdocareaboutthepersonalappearancesoftheiremployees(雇员),becausethosepeoplerepresentthecompaniestotheircustomers.
AsahiringmanagerIampaidtochoosethepeoplewhowouldmakethebestimpressiononourcustomers.Thereareplentyofwell-qualifiedcandidates,soitisnotwrongtorejectsomeonewhomightdisappointmycustomers.EventhoughIamopen-minded,Ican’texpectallourcustomersare.
Thereisnobodytoblamebutyourselfifyoursetofchoicesdoesnotmatchthatofyourpreferredemployer.Nocompanyshouldhavetochangetosatisfyacandidatesimplycauseheorsheisunwillingtorespectitsstandards,aslongasitsstandardsarelegal.
59.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.EmployeesMatterB.PersonalChoicesMatter
C.AppearancesMatterD.HiringManagersMatter
59C主旨大意题。本文大意是关于员工的着装问题，即员工的外貌问题，故本题选C。
6.
OneofthegreatestcontributionstothefirstOxfordEnglishDictionarywasalsooneofitsmostunusual.In1879,OxfordUniversityinEnglandaskedProf.JamesMurraytoserveaseditorforwhatwastobethemostambitiousdictionaryinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.ItwouldincludeeveryEnglishwordpossibleandwouldgivenotonlythedefinitionbutalsothehistoryofthewordandquotations(引文)showinghowitwasused.
Thiswasahugetask.SoMurraryhadtofindvolunteersfromBritain,theUnitedStates,andtheBritishcoloniestosearcheverynewspaper,magazine,andbookeverwritteninEnglish.Hundredsofvolunteersresponded,includingWilliamChesterMinor.Dr.MinorwasanAmericanSurgeonwhohadservedintheCivilWarandwasnowlivinginEngland.Hegavehisaddressas“Broadmoor,Crowthorne,Berkshire,”50milesfromOxford.
MinorjoinedthearmyofvolunteerssendingwordsandquotationstoMurray.Overthenextyears,hebecameoneofthestaff’smostvaluedcontributors.
Buthewasalsoamystery.Inspiteofmanyinvitations,hewouldalwaysdeclinetovisitOxford.Soin1897，MurrayfinallydecidedtotraveltoCrowthornehimself.Whenhearrived,hefoundMinorlockedinabook-linedcellattheBroadmoorAsylumfortheCriminallyinsane.
MurrayandMinorbecamefriends,sharingtheirloveofwords.Minorcontinuedcontributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10,000submissionsin20years.MurraycontinuedtovisitMinorregularly,sometimestakingwalkswithhimaroundtheasylumgrounds.
In1910,MinorleftBroadmoorforanasyluminhisnativeAmerica.Murraywasattheporttowavegoodbyetohisremarkablefriend.
Minordiedin1920,sevenyearsbeforethefirsteditionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionarywascompleted.The12volumesdefined414,825words,andthousandsofthemwerecontributionsfromaveryscholarlyanddevotedasylumpatient.
66.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?
A.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.
B.ThefriendshipbetweenMurrayandMinor
C.MinorandthefirstOxfordEnglishDictionary
D.BroadmoorAsylumandispatients
66.C
文章的关键词有两个：Minor和OxfordDictionary，主要讲述Mr.Minor的特别之处和他对OxfordDictionary的贡献，因此文章的大意应该把这两个词都包括进去。
考查文章的主旨大意。

B组2008-全国高考题组
1.
OneeveninginFebruary2007,astudentnamedPaulaCeelybroughthercartoastoponaremoteroadinWales.Shegotouttoopenametalgatethatblockedherpath.That’swhensheheardthewhistlesoundedbythedriverofatrain.HerRenaultCliowasparkedacrossarailwayline.Secondslater,shewatchedthetraindraghercaralmostakilometredowntherailwaytracks.
Ceely’snearmissmadethenewsbecausesheblameditonheGPS(导航仪).Shehadneverdriventheroutebefore.Itwasdarkandrainingheavily.CeelywasrelyingonherGPS,butitmadenomentionofthecrossing.“Iputmycompletetrustinthedeviceanditledmerightintothepathofaspeedingtrain,”shetoldtheBBC.
Whoistoblamehere?RickStevenson,whotellsCeely’sstoryinhisbookWhenMachinesFailUs,pointsthefingeratthelimitationsoftechnology.Weputourfaithindigitaldevices,hesays,butourdigitalhelpersaretoooftennotuptothejob.Theyarefilledwithsmallproblems.Andit’snotjustGPSdevices:Stevensontakesusonatourofdigitaldisastersinvolvingeverythingfrommobilephonestowirelesskeyboards.
Theproblemwithhisargumentinthebookisthatit’snotclearwhyheonlyfocusesondigitaltechnology,whiletheremaybeanumberofotherpossiblecauses.Amap-makermighthaveleftthecrossingoffapapermap.MaybeweshouldblameCeelyfornotpayingattention.Perhapstherailwayauthoritiesareatfaultforpoorsingallingsystem.OrmaybesomeonehasstudiedtherelativedangersandworkedoutthattherereallyissomethingspecificwrongwiththeGPSequipment.ButStevensondoesn’tsay.
It’saproblemthatrunsthroughthebook.Inasectiononcars,Stevensongivesanaccountoftheadvancedtechniquesthatcriminalsusetodefeatcomputer-basedlockingsystemsforcars.Heofferstwoindependentsetsoffiguresoncartheft;bothshowasmallriseinsomepartsofthecountry.Hesaysthatonceagainnotallnewlockshaveprovedreliable.Perhaps,butmaybeit’salsoduetotheshortageofpolicemenonthestreets.Orchangingsocialcircumstances.Orsomecombinationofthesefactors.
Thegamebetweenhumansandtheirsmartdevicesisamusingandcomplex.Itisshapedbyeconomicsandpsychologyandthecultureswelivein.Somewhereinthemixofthoseforcestheremaybeawayforawiseruseoftechnology.
Ifthereissuchaway,itshouldinvolvemorethanjustanawarenessoftheshortcomingsofourmachines.Afterall,wehavelivedwiththemforthousandsofyears.Theyhaveprobablybeenfoolingusforjustaslong.
45.Whatistherealconcernofthewriterofthisarticle?
A.Themajorcausesoftrafficaccidentsandcarthefts.
B.Therelationshipbetweenhumanandtechnology.
C.Theshortcomingsofdigitaldevicesweuse.
D.Thehumanunawarenessoftechnicalproblems.
45.一般性最后一体都会问到主旨大意，作者的观点等等，要做好这一题，我们要继续往后看，6、7两段点出了文章的主题思想。Thegamebetweenhumansandtheirsmartdevicesisamusingandcomplex.是人与科技之间的游戏是复杂的，所以文章讲的是人类与科技之间的关系。

2.
Wanted,SomeoneforaKiss
We’relookingforproducerstojoinusinthesecondofLondon100FM.You’llworkonthestation’smusicprogrammes.Musicproductionexperienceinradioisnecessary,alongwithrichknowledgeofmoderndancemusic.Pleaseapply(申请)inwritingtoProducerVacancies,Kiss100.
FatherChristmas
We’relookingforaveryspecialpersonpreferablyover40,tofillourFatherChristmassuit.
Workingdays:EverySaturdayfromNovember24toDecember15andeverydayfromDecember17toDecember24exceptSunday,10:30—16:00
Excellentpay.
Pleasecontact(联系)theEnterpriseShoppingCenter,StationParade,Eastbourne.
AccountantsAssistant
WhenyoujointhetheminourRevenueAdministrationUnit,youwillbeprovidingassistancewithinallpartsoftheRevenueDivision,dealingwithpostandothergeneralduties.IfyouareeducatedtoGCSEgradeClevelwewouldliketotalktoyou.Thispositionisequallysuitableforaschoolleaverofforsomebodywhohasofficeexperience.
WealdenDistrictCouncil
SoftwareTrainer
Ifyouareaged24-45andhaveexperienceinteachingandtraining,youcouldbethepersonwearelookingfor.Youshouldbegoodatthecomputerandhavesomeexperienceinprogrammewriting.Youwillbeallowedtomakeourdecision,andtodesigncoursesaswellaspresentthem.Payupwardsof￡15,000fortherightperson.PleaseapplybysendingyourCV(简历)toMrsR.Oglivie,PalmlaceLimited.
68.WelearnfromtheadsthattheEnterpriseShoppingCentreneedsapersonwho__________________.
A.isagedbetween24and40B.maydosometrainingwork
C.shoulddealwithgeneraldutiesD.canworkforaboutamonth
3.
HomestayprovidesEnglishlanguagestudentswiththeopportunitytospeakEnglishoutsidetheclassroomandtheexperienceofbeingpartofaBritishhome.
WhattoExpect
Thehostwillprovideaccommodationandmeals.Roomswillbecleanedandbedcoverschangedatleastonceaweek.Youwillbegiventhehousekeyandthehostistheretoofferhelpandadviceaswellastotakeaninterestinyourphysicalandmentalhealth.
AccommodationZones
HomestaysarelocatedinLondonmainlyinZones2,3andofthetransportsystem.MosthostsdonotliveinthetowncentreasmuchofcentralLondoniscommercialandnotresidential(居住的).Zones3and4oftenofferlargeraccommodationinalesscrownedarea.ItisveryconvenienttotravelinLondonbyUnderground.
MealPlansAvailable
ContinentalBreakfast
BreakfastandDinner
Breakfast,PackedLunchandDinner
It’simportanttonotethatfewEnglishfamiliesstillprovideatraditionalcookedbreakfast.YouraccommodationincludesContinentalBreakfastwhichnormallyconsistsoffruitjuice,cereal（谷物类食品），breadandteaorcoffee.Cheese,fruitandcoldmeatarenotnormally
partofaContinentalBreakfastinEngland.Dinnersusuallyconsistofmeatorfishwithvegetablesfollowedbydesert,fruitandcoffee.
Friends
Ifyouwishtoinviteafriendovertovisit.youmustfirstaskyourhost’spermission.Youhavenorighttoentertainfriendsinafamilyhomeassomefamiliesfeelitisaninvasionoftheirprivacy.
Self-CateringAccommodationinPrivateHomes
Accommodationonaroom-onlybasisincludessharedkitchenandbathroomfacilitiesandoftenamainlivingroom.Thiskindofaccommodationoffersanindependentlifestuleandismoresuitableforthelong-staystudent.However,itdoesnotprovidethesamefamilyatmosphereasanordinaryhomestayandmaynotbenefitthosewhoneedtopractiseEnglishathomequiteasmuch.
38.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?
A.Zone4ismorecrowdedthanZone2.
B.ThebusinesscentreofLondonisinZone.
C.Hostsdisliketravellingtothecitycentre.
4.
StudentMembership-----CambridgeArtsCinema
CambridgeArtsCinemaisoneofthearthousesinBritainandhomeoftheinternationallycelebratedCambridgeFilmFestival.Since1947generationsofstudentshavediscoveredthewealthofworldcinema.Nowyoutoocanmakemostofitandsavemoney.
5．Forwhatpurposeisthetextwritten?
A.Offeringstudentscheapertickets．
B.Announcingtheopeningofapremiere.
C.Tellingthepublicofthecinemasaddress.
D.Increasingthecinemasmembership.
6.
Elixir
writtenbyEricWalters
Twelve-year-oldRothbecomesafriendofDr.Bantingandhisassistant,Mr.Best,whoareinsearchofacurefordiabetes（糖尿病）.ShefindsherselftornbetweenhersympathyfortheanimalsbeingexperimentedonandherfriendshipwithBantingandBest.
GeorgeWashingtionCarver
WrittenbyElizabethMacleod
Meetthe“Peanut（花生）Specialist”,GeorgeWashingtonCarver,theinventorandprofessorwhomadeover325productsoutofpeanuts.Throughhisagriculturalresearch,healsogreatlyimprovedthelivesofcountlessblackfarmersinthesouthernUnitedStates.SeealsoMacleod’sAlbertEinstein:ALifeofGenius.
TheInuitThoughtofIt:AmazingArcticInnovations
WrittenbyAlootookIpellieDavidMacDonald
Exploremorethan40ideasnecessarytoInuitsurvival.Fromideasfamiliartoustodaytoinventiveconceptsthatshapedtheirlives,celebratethecreativityofaremarkablyintelligentpeople.Alsoseeotherbooks;TheChineseThoughtofItbyTingxingYeandANativeAmericanThoughtofItbyRockyLandonandDavidMacDonald.
MadeinCanada:101AmazingAchieverms
WrittenbyBevSpencer
WhatthingsdoweusedailythathaveaCanadianconnection?Hereare101commonthingsthatwereinventedinCanadaorbyaCanadian,includingtheBlackberry,alkaline(碱性)battericesandtheBlueBoxyecyclingprogram.
NewtonandtheTlmeMachine
WrittenbyMichaelMeGowan
Ten-year-oldboyNewtonhasinventedatimemachinetoseedinesaursupclose.Butitdisappearsonatestrunwithhistwohugefriends,KingHerbertandQueenCertunde,incanhesavethembeforetimerunsout?
64.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesRoth’sfeelinginBook1?
A.PainfulB.CuriousC.FrightenedD.Disappointed
7.
Theterm“multitasking”originallyreferredtoacomputer’sabilitytocarryoutseveraltasksatonetime.Formanypeople,multitaskinghasbecomeawayoflifeandevenakeytosuccess.Infact,someexcellentmentalaerobicexercises(大脑训练)involveengagingthebrainintwoormorechallengingactivitiesatatime.Althoughcheckinge-mailwhiletalkingonaphoneandreadingthenewspapermaybesecondnatureforsomepeople,manytimesmultitaskingcanmakeuslessproductive,ratherthanmore.Andstudiesshowthattoomuchmultitaskingcanleadtoincreasedstress,anxietyandmemoryloss.
Inordertomultitask,thebrainusesanareaknownastheprefrontalcortex(前额叶脑皮层).Brianscansofvolunteersperformingmultipletaskstogethershowthatastheyshiftfromtasktotask,thisfrontpartofthebrainactuallytakesamomentofrestbetweentasks.Youmayhaveexperiencedaprefrontalcortex“momentofrest”yourselfifyou’veeverdialed(拨电话)aphonenumberandsuddenlyforgottenwhoyoudialedwhenthelineisanswered.Whatprobablyoccurredisthatbetweenthedialingandtheanswering,yourmindshiftedtoantherthoughtortask,andthentookthat“moment”tocomeback.Researchhasalsoshownthatformanyvolunteers,jobefficiency(效率)declineswhilemultitasking,ascomparedtowhentheyperformonlyonetaskatatime.k*s5u
Multitaskingiseasiestwhenatleastoneofthetasksishabitual,orrequireslittlethought.Mostpeopledon’tfinditdifficulttoeatandreadthenewspaperatthesametime.However,whentwoormoreattention-requiringtasksareattemptedatonetime,peoplesometimesmakemistakes.
Weoftendon’trememberthingsaswellwhenwe’retryingtomanageseveraldetailsatthesametime.Withoutmentalfocus,wemaynotpayenoughattentiontonewinformationcomingin,soitnevermakesitintoourmemorystores.Thatisoneofthemainreasonsweforgetpeople’snames---evensometimesrightaftertheyhaveintroducedthemselves.Multitaskingcanalsoaffectourrelationships.Ifsomeonecheckstheire-mailwhileonthephonewithafriend,theymaycomeoffasabsent-mindedordisinterested.Itcanalsocausethatpersontomissoroverlookkeyinformationbeingpassedontothem.

52.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Multitaskinghasbecomeawayoflife.
B.Multitaskingoftenleadstoefficiencydecline.
C.Multitaskingexercisesneedtobeimproved.
D.Multitaskingenablespeopletorememberthingsbetter.
答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。最后一段中作者继续描述了之前的观点：一个人同时从事多项工作会出现很多问题。回到整篇文章，作者主要观点就是告诉大家：多项工作不能产生高效的结果，故选择B。k*s5u

8.
RaeArmantrout,whohasbeenapoetryprofessorattheUniversityofCaliforniaSanDiego(UCSD)fortwodecades,haswonthe2010PulitzerPrizeinthepoetrycategoryforhermostrecentbook,“Versed”.
“I’mdelightedandamazedathowmuchmediarecognitionthatthePulitzerbrings,ascomparedtoeventheNationalBookCriticsAward,whichIwasalsosurprisedanddelightedtowin,”saidArmantrout.
“Foralongtime,mywritinghasbeenjustbelowthemediaradar,andtohavethiskindofattention,suddenly,withmy10thbook,isreallysurprising.”
Armantrout,anativeCalifornian,receivedherbachelor’sdegreeatUCBerkeley,whereshestudiedwithnotedpoetDeniseLevertov,andhermaster’sincreativewritingfromSanFranciscoStateUniversity.SheisafoundingmemberofLanguagePoets,agroupinAmericanpoetrythatanalyzesthewaylanguageisusedandraisesquestionstomakethereaderthink.
InMarch,shewontheNationalBookCriticsCircleAwardfor“Versed.”
“Thisbookhasgottenmoreattention,”Armantroutsaid,“butIdon’tfeelasifit’sbetter.”
Thefirsthalfof“Versed”focusesonthedarkforcestakingholdoftheUnitedStatesasitfoughtthewaragainstIraq.ThesecondhalflooksatthedarkforcescastingashadowoverherownlifeafterArmantroutwasdiagnosedwithcancerin2006.
ArmantroutwasshockedtolearnshehadwonthePulitzerbutmanyofhercolleagueswerenot.“RaeArmantroutisauniquevoiceinAmericanpoetry,”saidSethLerer,headofArtsandHumanitiesatUCSD.
“Versed”,publishedbytheWesleyanUniversityPress,didappearinalargerprintingthanherearlierworks,whichisabout2,700copies.TheneweditionisscheduledtoappearinMay.
70.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?
A.About2,700copiesof“Versed”willbeprinted.
B.CancermadeArmantroutstopwriting.
C.ArmantroutgotherdegreesatUCSD.
D.“Versed”hasbeenawardedtwice.
解析：归纳判断题。根据文章中的wonthe2010PulitzerPrizeinthepoetrycategoryforhermostrecentbook,“Versed”.以及InMarch,shewontheNationalBookCriticsCircleAwardfor“Versed.”可知D项正确。
答案:D
9.
InancientEgypt,thepharaoh(法老)treatedthepoormessagerunnerlikeaprincewhenhearrivedatthepalace,ifhebroughtgoodnews.However,iftheexhaustedrunnerhadthemisfortunetobringthepharaohunhappynews,hisheadwascutoff.
Shadesofthatspiritspreadovertoday’sconversations.OnceafriendandIpackedupsomepeanutbutterandsandwichesforanouting.Aswewalkedlight-heartedlyoutthedoor,picnicbasketinhand,asmilingneighborlookedupattheskyandsaid,”Ohboy,baddayforapicnic.Theweathermansaysit’sgoingtorain.”Iwantedtostrikehimonthefacewiththepeanutbutterandsandwiches.Notforhisstupidweatherreport,forhiswhile
SeveralmonthsagoIwasracingtocatchahimAsIbreathlesslyputmyhandfulofcashacrosstheGreyhoundcounter,thesalesagentsaidwithabroadsmile,”Ohthatbusleftfiveminutesago.”Dreamsofhead-cutting!
It’snotthenewsthatmakessomeoneangry.It’stheunsympatheticattitudewithwhichit’stheunsympatheticattitudewithwhichit’sdelivered.Everyonemustgivebadnewsfromtimetotime,andwinningprofessionalsdoitwiththeproperattitude.Adoctoradvisingapatientthatsheneedsanoperationdoesitinacaringway.Abossinforminganemployeehedidn’tgetthejobtakesonasympathetictone.Bigwinnersknow,whendeliveringanybadnews,theyshouldsharethefeelingofthereceiver.
Unfortunately,manypeoplearenotawareofthis.Whenyou’retiredfromalongflight,hasahotelclerkcheerfullysaidthatyourroomisn’treadyyet?Whenyouhadyourheartsetonthetoastbeef,hasyourwaitermainlytoldyouthathejustservedthelastpiece?Itmakesyouastravelerordinerwanttolandyourfistrightontheirunsympatheticfaces.
Hadmyneighbortoldmeoftheupcomingrainstormwithsympathy,Iwouldhaveappreciatedhiswarming.HadtheGreyhoundsalesclerksympatheticallyinformedmethatmybushadalreadyleft,Iprobablywouldhavesaid,”Oh,that’sallrightI’llcatchthenextone.”Bigwinners,whentheybearbadnews,deliverbombswiththeemotionthebombarded(被轰炸的)personissuretohave.
56.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?
A.Deliveringbadnewsproperlyisimportantincommunication.
B.Helpingotherssincerelyisthekeytobusinesssuccess.
C.Receivingbadnewsrequiresgreatcourage.
D.Learningancienttraditionscanbeuseful.
Ａ　
主旨大意题。整体把握文意，文中多次提到人们对带给自己坏消息的人经常心生怨恨，找准关键词"deliverbadnews"，选A。

10.
Adrian’s“AmazingRace”startedearlywhenhisparentsrealizedthathe,asababy,couldn’thearathing,notevenloudnoises.Inaspecialschoolforthehearing-impaired(听觉受损的)，helearnedsignlanguageandgottomixwithotherdisabledchildren.However,thesightofallthedisabledchildrencommunicatingwithoneanotherupsethismother.Shewantedhimtoleadanormallife.Soafterspeakingtoanadvisor,shesenthimtoprivateclasseswherehelearnedtoreadlipsandpronouncewords.
Lateron,Adrian’sparentsdecidedtosendhimtoaregularschool.Buttheheadmastertriedtopreventthemfromdoingso,sayingregularschoolcouldn’ttakecareofaspecialneedsstudents.Hisparentsweredeterminedtotaketheriskandpushhimhardtogothroughhisworkeverydaybecausetheywantedtoprovethat,giventheopportunity,hecoulddoanything.Adrianmadethegradeandgotaccepted.Itwasabigchallenge.Thepace（节奏）wasfastersohehadtositatthefrontoftheclassandreallypayattentiontotheteacher,whichwasn’talwayseasy.Buthestucktoitanddidalotofextraworkafterschool.
TheeffortsmadebyAdrianandhisparentspaidoff.Adriangraduatedwithgoodgradesandgotintoatophighschool.Healsoachievedalotinlifeoutsideschool.HedevelopedalovefortheoutdoorsandwenttoNepaltoclimbmountains.HeevenenteredtheWorldYachtRace05/06---beingthefirsthearing-impairedAsiantodoso.
Butnoneoftheseachievementswouldhavebeenpossiblewithoutoneofthemostimportantlessonsfromhismother.”“Ifyoubelieveinyourselfandworkhard,youcanachievegreatresults.”Sheoftensaid.
44.WhyisAdrian’slifedescribedasan“AmazingRace”?
A.Hedidverywellinhisstudy
B.Hesucceededinenteringaregularschool
C.Hereachedhisgoalsinspiteofhisdisability
D.HetookpartintheWorldYachtRace05/06
44.
C
全文讲的是他自强不息的故事。
主旨大意

三年模拟
A组全国高考模拟题组
1.
RockyLyonswasfiveyearsoldwhenhismother,Kelly,wasdrivingalongthecountryroadwithhim.Hewasasleeponthefrontseatoftheirtruck,withhisfeetrestingonherlap.Ashismomdrovecarefullydownthewindingcountryroad,sheturnedontoanarrowbridge.Thetruckhitarockandslidofftheroad.Sheattemptedtobringitbackupontotheroadbypressinghardonthegaspedalandturningthesteeringwheeltotheleft.ButRocky’sfootgotcaughtbetweenherlegandthesteeringwheelandshelostcontrolofthetruck.
Thetruckfellintoa20-footravine（峡谷）.Whenithitbottom,Rockywokeup.“Whathappened,Mama?”heasked.“Ourwheelsarepointingtowardthesky.”
Kellywasseriouslywoundedandblindedbyblood.“I’llgetyouout,Mama,”announcedRocky,whohadsurprisinglyescapedinjury.HeclimbedoutfromunderKelly,slidthroughtheopenwindowandtriedtoyankhismotherout.Butshedidn’tmove.
“Justletmesleep,”beggedKelly,whowasoutofconsciousness.Rockyinsisted,“Mom,youcan’tgotosleep.”
RockymanagedtopushKellyoutofthetruckandtoldherhe’dclimbuptotheroadandstopacartogethelp.Fearingthatnoonewouldbeabletoseeherlittleboyinthedark,Kellyrefusedtolethimgoalone.Insteadtheyslowlymoveduptotheroad.ThepainwassogreatthatKellywantedtogiveup,butRockywouldn’tlether.
Rockykeptrepeatingtheinspirationalphrase,“Iknowyoucan,Iknowyoucan.”Whentheyfinallyreachedtheroad,Rockybrokeintotearsseeinghismother’stornfaceclearlyforthefirsttime.Wavinghisarmsandshouting,“Pleasestop!”theboystoppedatruck.Hismotherwassenttohospital.
Ittook8hourstorebuildKelly’sface.Shelooksquitedifferenttoday---“Iusedtohaveastraightlongnose,thinlipsandhighcheekbones;nowI’vegotaflatcheeksandmuchbiggerlips”---butshehasfewscarsandhasrecoveredfromherinjuries.
Rocky’sheroicswerebignews.Everyonewassurprisedatthislittleboy’spower.“It’snotlikeIwantedittohappen,”Theboyexplained.“Ijustdidwhatanyonewouldhavedone.”“Ifitweren’tforRocky,I’dhavedied,”saidhismother.
45.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.ABoyandHisMotherB.HowtoBehaveWell？
C.IThinkICanD.NothingisLost

2.
It’simpossibletodeterminehowmanypeoplewouldhavelosttheirliveswithoutthecontributionofAfrican-AmericaninventorDrCharlesDrew.
CharlesDrewwasbornonJune3,1904,inWashington,DC.Hisearlyinterestwasineducation,buthewasalsoanoutstandingathlete.Whileincollege,hewasawardedasthemanwhocontributedthemosttosportsduringhisfouryearsinschool.Drew’ssisterElsiesufferedfromtuberculosis(肺结核)anddiedin1920.Herdeathinfluencedhisdecisiontostudymedicine.
Afterbecomingadoctorandworkingasacollegeinstructor,DrewwenttoColumbiaUniversity,whereheearnedhisDoctorofMedicalSciencedegree.Duringthistimehebecameinvolvedinresearchonbloodandbloodtransfusions(输血).
AtColumbia,hewroteapaperon“bankedblood”,inwhichhedescribedatechniquehedevelopedforthelong-termpreservationofbloodplasma(血浆).Beforehisdiscovery,bloodcouldnotbestoredformorethantwodaysbecauseoftherapidbreakdownofredbloodcells.Drewhaddiscoveredthatbyseparatingtheplasmafromthewholebloodandthenrefrigerating(冷冻)themseparately,theycouldbecombinedaweeklaterforabloodtransfusion.DrewbecamethefirstAfricanAmericantoreceiveaPhDinmedicalscience.
AfterWorldWarIIbrokeout,Drewwascalledupontoputhistechniquesintopractice.HewasnamedaprojectdirectorfortheAmericanRedCrossbutsoonquithispostafterthegovernmentissuedanorderthatbloodtakenfromwhitedonors(献血者)shouldbeseparatedfromthatofblackdonors.
OnApril1,1950,afterheattendedtheannualfreeclinicattheJohnA.AndrewMemorialHospital,heandotherthreephysiciansdecidedtodrivebackhome.Ashewastiredfromspendingthenightbeforeintheoperatingroom,helostcontrolofhiscar.DrewwasbadlyinjuredandwastakentoAlamanceGeneralHospitalinBurlington,NorthCarolina.Hewaspronounceddeadhalfanhourafterhefirstreceivedmedicalattention.DrewsfuneralwasheldonApril5,1950,attheNineteenthStreetBaptistChurchinWashington,DC.
Butcontrarytopopularlegend,hewasnotrefusedabloodtransfusionbyanall-whitehospital.Heindeedreceivedatransfusionbutwasbeyondthehelpofthephysiciansattendingtohim.AsDr.JohnFord,oneofthedoctorswhosurvivedtheaccident,laterexplained,“Weallreceivedtheverybestofcare.ThefactthathewasaBlackdidnotinanywaylimitthecarethatwasgiventohim.”Overtheyears,Drewhasbeenconsideredoneofthemosthonoredfiguresinthemedicalfield.
44.Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthepassage?
A.CharlesDrewdiedinamedicalaccident.
B.AfricanAmericanswerestilltreatedunfairlyinthe1940s.
C.CharlesDrewwasthefirstAfricanAmericantoreceiveaPhD.
D.PhysiciansrefusedtogiveCharlesDrewmedicalattentionbecausehewasablack.
3.
IwasbroughtupintheBritish,stiffupperlipstyle.Strongfeelingsaren’tsomethingyoudisplayinpublic.So,youcanimaginethatIwasunpreparedfortheoutpouringofpublicgrief(悲伤)ataChinesefuneral.
Myeditorialteamleaderdiedrecentlyafterashortillness.Hewas31.Thenewswassounexpectedthatitleftusallshockedandupset.Afemalecolleagueburstintotearsandcriedpiteouslyatherdesk.Somehowwegotthroughthedayswork.Thenextdaywasthefuneral.
Ourbigbosssteppedforwardtodeliveraeulogyandwassoonintears.Shecarriedon,inChineseofcourse,butattheendsaidinEnglish:"Therewillbenomoredeadlinesforyouinheaven."Nextcamealong-termcolleaguewhoalsodissolvedintearsbutcarriedonwithherspeechdespitebeingalmostovercomebyemotion.Thenaclosefriendofthedeadmanpaidtribute(哀悼),weepingopenlyashespoke.Sorrowisspeading.Meandwomenwerenowsobbinguncontrollably.Finally,themansmother,supportedbetweentwowomen,addressedhersoninhiscoffin.Atonepoint,themotheralmostcollapsedandhadtobeheldup.Wewereinvitedtostepforwardtoeachlayawhiteroseonthecasket.Ourdeadcolleaguelookedasifhewastakinganap.AttheendoftheserviceIwalkedawayfromthefuneralparlorstunnedattheoutpouringofemotion.
IntheUK,familiesgrieveprivatelyandthentrytoholdittogetherandnotbreakdownatafuneral.HereinChinaitwouldseemthatgrievingisapublicaffair.Itstrikesmethatitismorecathartictocryyoureyesoutthantrytokeepitbottledupforfearofembarrassment,whichiswhatmanyofusdointheWest.
Afterwards,aChinesecolleaguetoldmethatthelamentingatthefuneralhadbeenrestrained(克制)byChinesestandards.Insomeruralareas,shesaid,peopleusedtobepaidtomournnoisily.ThisstruckmelikesomethingoutofnovelbyCharlesDickens.ButwehaveallseenonTVscenesofgrief-strickenpeopleinGazaandtheWestBank,inAfghanistan,Iraqandtherelativesofvictimsofterroristbombingsaroundtheworld.Chinesegriefisnodifferent.IrealizedthatitsthereservedBritishwayofmourningthatisoutofstepwiththerestoftheworld.
Itwasournewspapersproductionday.Wewerebussedbacktotheofficetoresumework.Nomoredeadlinesforourformercolleague,butwehadtopulltogethertoputthenewspapertoprint.Thebossinvitedtheteamtogooutfordinnerafterwork.Werelaxed,smiled,joked.Therewasnomentionofthefuneralorourpoorcolleague.Enoughsorrowhadbeenshedalready.Weneededabreak.
45．Thispassagetalksmainlyabout.
A．aneditor’sdeathB．badfuneralcustoms
C．westernwaysofgriefD．culturaldifferences
4.
SteveJobs,theformerchiefexecutiveofApple,announcedhisresignationasheadofAppleonAug．24,2011．ThefollowingistheletterfromSteveJobstotheAppleboard．
TotheAppleBoardofDirectorsandtheAppleCommunity:
IhavealwayssaidifthereevercameadaywhenIcouldnolongermeetmydutiesandexpectationsasApple’sCEO,Iwouldbethefirsttoletyouknow．Unfortunately,thatdayhascome．
IherebyresignasCEOofApple．Iwouldliketoserve,iftheBoardseesfit,asChairmanoftheBoard,directorandAppleemployee．
Asfarasmysuccessor（继任者）goes,Istronglyrecommendthatweexecute（执行）oursuccessionplanandnameTimCookasCEOofApple．
IbelieveApple’sbrightestandmostinnovative（创意改革的）daysareaheadofit．AndIlookforwardtowatchingandcontributingtoitssuccessinanewrole．
IhavemadesomeofthebestfriendsofmylifeatApple,andIthankyouallforthemanyyearsofbeingabletoworkalongsideyou．
Steve
TimCook,thenewlyappointedCEOofApple,sentanemailtothetroopsafterSteveJobssteppeddown．Belowisthefulltextoftheemail．
Team:
IamlookingforwardtotheamazingopportunityofservingasCEOofthemostinnovativecompanyintheworld．JoiningApplewasthebestdecisionI’veevermadeandit’sbeentheprivilegeofalifetimetoworkforAppleandSteveforover13years．IshareSteve’soptimismforApple’sbrightfuture．
Stevehasbeenanincredibleleaderandmentortome,aswellastotheentireexecutiveteamandouramazingemployees．WearereallylookingforwardtoSteve’songoingguidanceandinspirationasourChairman．
IwantyoutobeconfidentthatAppleisnotgoingtochange．IcherishandcelebrateApple’suniqueprinciplesandvalues．Stevebuiltacompanyandculturethatisunlikeanyotherintheworldandwearegoingtostaytruetothat—itisinourDNA．Wearegoingtocontinuetomakethebestproductsintheworldthatdelightourcustomersandmakeouremployeesincrediblyproudofwhattheydo．
IloveAppleandIamlookingforwardtodivingintomynewrole．AlloftheincrediblesupportfromtheBoard,theexecutiveteamandmanyofyouhasbeeninspiring．IamconfidentourbestyearslieaheadofusandthattogetherwewillcontinuetomakeApplethemagicalplacethatitis．
Tim
Cook,50,onceservedinIBMandCompaqbeforehejoinedApplein1998．Hewaspromotedtothechiefoperatingofficerin2007andhasbeentherealCEOresponsibleformostofApple’sday-to-dayoperationsduringJob’smedicalleaves．
It’sbelievedthatthereplacementwillnotaffectApple’sbusinessatleastinshortterm,butitisunclearwhetherApple’sinnovationandoperationalefficiencieswillcontinueunabated．
43．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat．
A．CookhasbeeninchargeofApple’sdailyoperationssince2007
B．Cookisproudofhispromotionandregardsitasalifetimehonor
C．SteveJobsrefusedtoprovideongoingguidancebecauseofhishealthproblem
D．SteveJobsandTimCooksharethesamebeliefinApple’sfuture
5.
Wecanstayyoungforever.ThatisthemessageDr.ShenZiyinwantstogivetheworld.AndtheChinesedoctorclaimsthathehasfoundananswertotheproblemsofaging.
Hissolutionisaherbalmedicinetoslowtheprocessofaging.
Dr.ShenZiyinhasbeentrainedinWesternmedicine.AtthesametimehestudiedtraditionalChinesemedicine.And,hehasbeenworkingforthepastfortyyearstoputtogetherthebestofbothandfindacureforaging.HehastakenahintfromtheancientChinesemedicinesystemcalled“shen”.
AccordingtoShen,itisthekidney（肾脏）whichadjuststhefunctioningofthebodyaswellasitsagingprocess.Itisresponsibleforthelevelofactivitythatthehumanbodiesgothrough.StudiesconductedbyDr.Shenshowthatherbalmedicinebasedontheshensystemslowtheagingprocess,saysareportinTheTelegraphnewspaper.
Wenoticethatwhenpeoplegrowold,theyhavereducedstrength,lossofhair,backache,weaknessingeneral,andwrinkles,amongothers.Thishappensbecausewhenpeoplegrowold,theirbodiesproduceT-cells.TheseT-cellscontainaparticularsubstancecalledFas.Fasmakesthecellsinthebodydestructthemselves.
SotheonlywaytoslowdownagingistoslowtheproductionofT-cellsinthebody.Thiscanhappenifpeopleeatlowcaloriefood.ThenthebodyisnotactiveenoughtoproduceextraT-cells.But,isgoinghungryallthetimeagoodpricetopayforstayingyoung?
ThisiswhereDr.Shen’sherbalmedicinecomesin.Buthoweffectiveitwillbe,onlytimecantell.
49.Wecanprobablylearnfromthepassagethat_________.
A.producingmorelowcaloriefoodallowspeopletokeepyoung
B.themoreChineseherbalmedicinepeopledrink,thebetterforhealth
C.peopleshouldtrytoquickentheproductionofT-cellsinthebody
D.itremainsunknownhoweffectiveDr.Shen’sherbalmedicineis
6.
Never-say-dieAttitude
In1883,acreativeengineernamedJohnRoeblingwasinspiredbyanideatobuildaspectacularbridgeconnectingNewYorkwiththeLongIsland.However,bridgebuildingexpertsthroughtouttheworldthoughtthatthiswasanimpossiblefeatandtoldRoeblingtoforgettheidea．Itjustcouldnotbedone.Itwasnotpractical．Ithadneverbeendonebefore.
Roeblingcouldnotignorethevisionhehadinhismindofthisbridge.Hethoughtaboutitallthetimeandheknewdeepinhisheartthatitcouldbedone.Hejusthadtosharethedreamwithsomeoneelse.AftermuchdiscussionandpersuasionhemanagedtoconvincehissonWashington，anup-and-comingengineer,thatthebridgeinfactcouldbebuilt.
Workingtogetherforthefirsttime,thefatherandsondevelopedconceptsofhowitcouldbeaccomplishedandhowtheobstaclescouldbeovercome.Withgreatexcitementandinspiration,andheadinessofawildchallengebeforethem,theyhiredtheircrewandbegantobuildtheirdreambridge.
Theprojectstartedwell,butwhenitwasonlyafewmonthsunderwayatregicaccidentonthesitetookthelifeofJohnRoebling.Washingtonwasinjuredandleftwithcertainaccountofbraindamage,whichresultedinhimnotbeingabletowalkortalkorevenmove.
“Wetoldthemso.”
“Crazymenandtheircrazydreams.”
“It’sfoolishtochasewildvisions.”
EveryonehadanegativecommenttomakeandfeltthattheprojectshouldbescrapedsincetheRoeblingsweretheonlyoneswhoknewhowthebridgecouldbebuilt.Inspiteofhishandicap,Washingtonwasneverdiscouragedandstillhadburningdesiretocompletethebridgeandhismindwasstillassharpasever.
Hetriedtoinspireandpassonhisenthusiasmtosomeofhisfriends,buttheyweretoodauntedbythetask．Ashelayonhisbedinhishospitalroom，withthesunlightstreamingthroughthewindows,agentlebreezeblewthewhitecurtainsapartandhewasabletoseetheskyandthetopofthetreesoutsideforjustamoment.Itseemedthattherewasamessageforhimnottogiveup.Suddenlyanideahithim.Allhecoulddowasmoveonefingeranddecidedtomakethebestuseofit.Bymovingthis,heslowlydevelopedacodeofcommunicationwithhiswife.
Hetouchedhiswife’sarmwiththatfinger,indicatingtoherhewantedhertocalltheengineersagain.Thenheusedthesamemethodoftappingherarmtotelltheengineerswhattodo.Itseemedfoolishbuttheprojectwasunderwayagain.
For13yearsWashingtontappedouthisinstructionswithhisfingeronhiswife’sarmuntilthebridgewasfinallycompleted.TodaythespectacularBrooklynBridgestandsinallitsgloryasatributeofone’sindomitablespiritandhisdeterminationnottobedefeatedbycircumstances.Itisalsoatributetotheengineersandtheirteamwork,andtotheirfaithinamanwhowasconsideredmadbyhalftheworld.Itstandstooasamonumenttotheloveanddevotionofhiswifewhofor13yearspatientlydecodedthemessageofherhusbandandtoldtheengineerswhattodo.
Perhapsthisisoneofthebestexampleofanever-say-dieattitudethatovercomesaterriblephysicalhandicapandachievesanimpossiblegoal.
60.WhatmadetheRoebelings’success?
ATheirnever-say-dieattitudeandthesupportoftheirfamily
BTheirdevotiontobuildingbridge
C.Theirbraveryandpersistence
D.Theirhighskillinprofession
7.
Onethingthetourbooksdon’ttellyouaboutLondonisthat2,000ofitsresidentsarefoxes.Theyranawayfromthecityaboutcenturiesagoafterdevelopersandpollutionmovedin.Butnowthattheenvironmentiscleaner,thefoxeshavecomehome,oneofthemanywildanimalsthathavemovedintourbanareasaroundtheworld.
“Thenumberandvarietyofwildanimalsinurbanareasisincreasing,”saysGomerJones,presidentoftheNationalInstituteforUrbanWildlife,inColumbia,Maryland.AsurveyofthewildlifeinNewYork’sCentralParklastyeartalliedthespeciesofmammals,includingmuskrats,shrewsandflyingsquirrels.Asimilarsurveyconductedinthe1890scountedonlyfivespecies.Oneofthecountry’slargestpopulationsofraccoons(浣熊)nowlivesinWashingtonD.C.,andmoose(驼鹿)areregularlyseenwanderingintoMainetowns.Peregrinefalcons(游隼)divefromthewindowledgesofbuildingsinthelargestU.S.citiestopreyon(捕食)pigeons.
Severalchangeshavebroughtwildanimalstothecities.Foremostisthatairandwaterqualityinmanycitieshasimprovedasaresultofthe1970spollution-controlefforts.Meanwhile,ruralareashavebeenbuiltup,leavingmanyanimalsontheedgesofsuburbs.Inaddition,urbanwildliferefuges(避难处)havebeencreated.TheGreaterLondonCouncillastyearspent￡750,000tobuylandandbuild10permanentwildliferefugesinthecity.Over1,000volunteershavedonatedmoneyandclearedrubblefromderelictlots.OneeveninglastyearafoxwasseenonWestminsterBridgelookingupatBigBen.
Forperegrinefalcons,citiesareactuallysaferthanruralcliffdwellings(悬崖栖息地).By1970thebirdshaddiedouteastoftheMississippibecausetheDDThadmadetheireggstoothintosupportlife.Thatyear,scientistTomCadeofCornellUniversitybeganraisingthebirdsforreleaseincities,forcitiesaffordedabundantfood.
Citiescanattractwildanimalswithoutturningthemharmful.Thetrickistocreatehabitatswheretheycanbeself-sufficientbutstillbeseenandappreciated.Suchhabitatscanevenbefunctional.InSanFrancisco,thelocalgovernmentistestingdifferentkindsofrainwatercontrolbasinstoseenotonlywhichonesretain(保持)thecleanestwaterbutwhichwillattractthemostbirds.
50.Thefirstparagraphsuggeststhat________.
A.environmentiscrucialforwildlife
B.tourbooksarenotalwaysareliablesourceofinformation
C.Londonisacityoffox
D.foxesarehighlyadaptabletoenvironment
53.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_________.
A.Londonersareputtingmoreandmorewildanimalsintotheirzoos.
B.Londonersarehappytoseewildanimalsreturntotheircity
C.Londonersaretryingtomovewildanimalsbacktothecountryside
D.Londonershavewelcomedthewildbirds,butfoundfoxesaproblem
54.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.WildlifereturningtolargecitiesB.FoxesreturningtoLondon
C.WildanimalslivinginzoosD.AsurveyofwildlifeinNewYork
8.
Onethingthetourbooksdon’ttellyouaboutLondonisthat2,000ofitsresidentsarefoxes.Theyranawayfromthecityaboutcenturiesagoafterdevelopersandpollutionmovedin.Butnowthattheenvironmentiscleaner,thefoxeshavecomehome,oneofthemanywildanimalsthathavemovedintourbanareasaroundtheworld.
“Thenumberandvarietyofwildanimalsinurbanareasisincreasing,”saysGomerJones,presidentoftheNationalInstituteforUrbanWildlife,inColumbia,Maryland.AsurveyofthewildlifeinNewYork’sCentralParklastyeartalliedthespeciesofmammals,includingmuskrats,shrewsandflyingsquirrels.Asimilarsurveyconductedinthe1890scountedonlyfivespecies.Oneofthecountry’slargestpopulationsofraccoons(浣熊)nowlivesinWashingtonD.C.,andmoose(驼鹿)areregularlyseenwanderingintoMainetowns.Peregrinefalcons(游隼)divefromthewindowledgesofbuildingsinthelargestU.S.citiestopreyon(捕食)pigeons.
Severalchangeshavebroughtwildanimalstothecities.Foremostisthatairandwaterqualityinmanycitieshasimprovedasaresultofthe1970spollution-controlefforts.Meanwhile,ruralareashavebeenbuiltup,leavingmanyanimalsontheedgesofsuburbs.Inaddition,urbanwildliferefuges(避难处)havebeencreated.TheGreaterLondonCouncillastyearspent￡750,000tobuylandandbuild10permanentwildliferefugesinthecity.Over1,000volunteershavedonatedmoneyandclearedrubblefromderelictlots.OneeveninglastyearafoxwasseenonWestminsterBridgelookingupatBigBen.
Forperegrinefalcons,citiesareactuallysaferthanruralcliffdwellings(悬崖栖息地).By1970thebirdshaddiedouteastoftheMississippibecausetheDDThadmadetheireggstoothintosupportlife.Thatyear,scientistTomCadeofCornellUniversitybeganraisingthebirdsforreleaseincities,forcitiesaffordedabundantfood.
Citiescanattractwildanimalswithoutturningthemharmful.Thetrickistocreatehabitatswheretheycanbeself-sufficientbutstillbeseenandappreciated.Suchhabitatscanevenbefunctional.InSanFrancisco,thelocalgovernmentistestingdifferentkindsofrainwatercontrolbasinstoseenotonlywhichonesretain(保持)thecleanestwaterbutwhichwillattractthemostbirds.
50.Thefirstparagraphsuggeststhat________.
A.environmentiscrucialforwildlife
B.tourbooksarenotalwaysareliablesourceofinformation
C.Londonisacityoffox
D.foxesarehighlyadaptabletoenvironment
53.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_________.
A.Londonersareputtingmoreandmorewildanimalsintotheirzoos.
B.Londonersarehappytoseewildanimalsreturntotheircity
C.Londonersaretryingtomovewildanimalsbacktothecountryside
D.Londonershavewelcomedthewildbirds,butfoundfoxesaproblem
54.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.WildlifereturningtolargecitiesB.FoxesreturningtoLondon
C.WildanimalslivinginzoosD.AsurveyofwildlifeinNewYork

B组2010-全国高考模拟题组
1.
AsChinadevelops，theInternet’spopular．ButsomegetaddictedtotheInternet．13-year-oldXiaoYipaidahighpriceforit．Hewenttothetopofa24-storeybuildingandthenjumpedtohisdeath．Hewantedtoenteranotherlifetomeetthecharactersfromtheonlinegames.
InternetaddictiongotattentioninChina．Internetaddictsdiedfromexhaustionafterspendingdaysonlineormurderedothersinsearchofvirtualpossessions．PublicangerovertheseincidentsspurredtheopeningofChina’sfirstInternetaddictiontreatmentcenter．
Theclinic’streatmentmightseemcruel．Butit’sapopularchoiceforworriedparents．
“Eversinceourdoor’sopened，everybedhasbeenfull．”saysthecenter’sdirector．Theyarealsokeptbusywithactivities，designedtotakeaddicts’attentionawayfromtheattractionofcomputers．
“I’mconfidentthiswillworkorIwouldn’thavecomehere.”explainstacollegestudent．SomearguethegovernmentisexaggeratingconcernsaboutInternetaddictionasanexcusetostopInternetcafesandgamesites．ButforChina’sestimated2millionInternetaddicts，theattractionoftheInternetisarealproblem.
56．Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe．
A．ChinaopensaddictiontreatmentcentersB．ChinafightsagainstWebaddiction
C．ChinastopsInternetcafesandgamesites
D．Chinadesignstotaketeenagersawayfromtheattractionofcomputers
60．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat．
A．ChinahassettledtheproblemofInternetaddictionB．Onlystudentsgetaddictedtotheinternet
C．Onlyparentsareworriedabouttheproblem
D．NopracticalmethodshavebeenfoundtoentirelysolvetheInternetaddiction
2.
Tesswenttoherbedroomandpulledaglassjellyjarfromitshidingplaceinthecloset.Shepouredallthechangeoutonthefloorandcounteditcarefully.Threetimes,even.Thetotalhadtobeabsolutelyexact.Thencarefullyplacingthecoinsbackinthejarandtwistingonthecap,sheslippedoutthebackdoorandmadeherwaysixblockstothepharmacy（药房）.
Shewaitedpatientlyforthepharmacisttogivehersomeattentionbuthewastoobusyatthismoment.Soshetookaquarterfromherjarandbangeditontheglasscounter.Thatdidit!
“Andwhatdoyouwant?”thepharmacistaskedinanannoyedtoneofvoice.“I’mtalkingtomybrotherfromChicagowhomIhaven’tseeninages,”hesaidwithoutwaitingforareplytohisquestion.
“Well,Iwanttotalktoyouaboutmybrother,”Tessansweredbackinthesameannoyedtone.“He’sreally,reallysick…andIwanttobuyamiracle.”
“Ibegyourpardon?”saidthepharmacist.
“HisnameisAndrewandhehassomethingbadgrowinginsidehisheadandmyDaddysaysonlyamiraclecansavehimnow.Sohowmuchdoesamiraclecost?”
Thepharmacist’sbrotherwasawelldressedman.Hebentdownandaskedthelittlegirl,“Whatkindofamiracledoesyourbrotherneed?”
“Idon’tknow,”Tessrepliedwithhereyeswellingup.“Ijustknowhe’sreallysickandMommysaysheneedsanoperation.ButmyDaddycan’tpayforit,soIwanttousemymoney.”
“Howmuchdoyouhave?”askedthemanfromChicago.
“Onedollarandelevencents,”Tessanswered.“Andit’sallthemoneyIhave.”
“Well,whatacoincidence.Adollarandelevencents—theexactpriceofamiracleforlittlebrother,”smiledtheman.
“Takemetowhereyoulive.Iwanttoseeyourbrotherandmeetyourparents.Let’sseeifIhavethekindofmiracleyouneed.”
Thepharmacist’sbrother,Dr.CarltonArmstrong,asurgeon,wasexpertinneurosurgery(神经外科).Theoperationwascompletedwithoutchargeanditwasn’tlongbeforeAndrewwashomeagainanddoingwell.
MomandDadwerehappilytalkingaboutthechainofeventsthathadledthemtothisplace.“Thatsurgery,”herMomwhispered.“wasarealmiracle.Iwonderhowmuchitwouldhavecost?”
Tesssmiled.Sheknewexactlyhowmuchamiraclecost…onedollarandelevencents…plusthefaithofalittlechild.
43.ItcanbeinferredthatAndrew’soperationwouldhavebeen______________.
A.costlyB.dangerousC.seriousD.difficult
3.
Who’sincontrolofyourlife?Whoispullingyourstring?Forthemajorityofus,it’sotherpeople—society,colleagues,friends,familyorourreligiouscommunity.Welearnedthiswayofoperatingwhenwewereveryyoung,ofcourse.Wewerebrainwashed.Wediscoveredthatfeelingimportantandfeelingacceptedwasaniceexperienceandsowelearnedtodoeverythingwecouldtomakeotherpeoplelikeus.AsOscarWildeputsit,“Mostpeopleareotherpeople.Theirthoughtsaresomeoneelse’sopinions,theirlivesamimicry(模仿),theirpassionsaquotation.”
Sowhenpeopletellushowwonderfulweare,itmakesusfeelgood.Welongforthisgoodfeelinglikeadrug.Therefore,wearesoeagerfortheapprovalofothersthatweliveunhappyandlimitedlives,failingtodothethingswereallywantto.Justasdrugaddictsandalcoholicsliveworsenedlivestokeepgettingtheirfix(一剂毒品).Weworsenourownexistencetogetourownconstantfixofapproval.
But,justaswithanydrug,thereisapricetopay.Thepriceoftheapprovaldrugisfreedom—thefreedomtobeourselves.Thetruthisthatwecannotcontrolwhatotherpeoplethink.Peoplehavetheirownagenda,andtheycomewiththeirownbaggageand,intheend,theyremoreinterestedinthemselvesthaninyou.Furthermore,ifwetrytolivebytheopinionsofothers,wewillbuildourlifeonsinkingsand.Everyonehasadifferentwayofthinking,andpeoplechangetheiropinionsallthetime.Thepersonwhotriestopleaseeveryonewillonlyendupgettingexhaustedandprobablypleasingnooneintheprocess.
Sohowcanwetakebackcontrol?Ithinkthere’sonlyoneway—makeaconsciousdecisiontostopcaringwhatotherpeoplethink.Weshouldguideourselvesbymeansofasetofvalues---notvaluesimposed（强加）fromtheoutsidebyothers,butinnatevalueswhichcomefromwithin.Ifwearedrivenbythesevaluesandnotbythechangingopinionsandvaluesystemsofothers,wewillliveamoreauthentic,effective,purposefulandhappylife.
72.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat__________.
A.weshouldn’tcarewhatothersthinkB.it’sbettertodowhatwelike
C.weshouldntchangeourownopinionsD.it’simportanttoacceptothers’opinions
4.
TherewereredfacesatoneofBritain’sbiggestbanksrecently.Theyhadacceptedatelephoneordertobuy￡100,000worthofsharesfroma15-year-oldschoolboy(theythoughthewas21).Thesharesfellinvalueandtheschoolboywasunabletopayup.Thebanklost￡20,000onthedealwhichitcannotgetback,because,foronething,theyoungboydoesnothavethemoney,foranother,beingunder18,heisnotlegallyliableforhisdebts.Iftheshareshadriseninvaluebythesameamountthattheyfell,hewouldhavepocketed￡20,000profit.Itcertainlyisbetterthandeliveringthemorningnewspaper.Inanothercase,aboyof14found,inhisgrandmother’shouse,asuitcasefullofforeignbanknotes.Buttheywerenownotusedintheircountryoforiginoranywhereelse.Thisyoungboyheadedstraighttothenearestbankwithhispocketsfilledwithnotes.Thecashiersdidnotrealizethecountryinquestionhadreducedthevalueofitscurrencyby90%.Theyexchangedthenotesattheirfacevalueatthecurrentexchangerate.Inthreedays,beforehewasfoundout,hetook￡200,000fromninedifferentbanks.Amazingly,hehadalreadyspentmorethanhalfofthisbeforethepolicecaughtupwithhim.Becauseheisalsounder18thebankshavekissedgoodbyetoalotofmoney,andseveralcashiershavelosttheirjobs.
Shouldweadmiretheseyoungstersforbeingenterprisingandshowinginitiativeorcondemnthemfortheirdishonesty?Maybetheyhadmanagedforyearswithtinyamountsofpocketmoneythattheygotfromtight-fistedparents.MaybetheyhaddoneSaturdayjobsforpeanuts.Itishardlysurprising,giventheexpensivethingsthatyoungpeoplewanttobuy,suchasfashionablerunningshoesandcomputergames,iftheysometimesthinkupmoreimaginativewaysofmakingmoneythandeliveringnewspapers.Theseyoungsterssawthechancetomakealotofmoneyandtookit.
Anotherrecentstorywhichshouldgiveusfoodforthoughtisthecaseofthemanwhopaidhissix-year-olddaughter￡300aweekpocketmoney.Hethenchargedherforthefoodsheateafewcoinsforherpiggybank（存钱灌）“Shewillsoonlearnthevalueofmoney,”hesaid.“There’snosuchthingasafreelunch.Everythinghastobepaidforandthesoonershelearnsthatthebetter.”Attheotherextremetherearefondparentswhoprovidefreebedandboardfortheirgrown-upchildren,Whileeventhemosthard-heartedparentsmighthesitatetothrowtheirchildrenoutonthestreets,weallknowofpeopleintheirtwentieswhostillshamelesslyliveofftheirparents.Surelytherecomesatimewheneveryonehastoleavetheparentalnest,lookafterthemselvesandpaytheirownwayinlife.Butwhenisit?
54.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheauthorbelievesthat_____.
A.childrenshouldleavetheparentalnestassoonaspossible
B.grown-upchildrenshouldliveontheirown
C.childrenshouldbetaughtnottocheatothers
D.parentsshouldgivemorepocketmoneytotheirchildren
5.
Aroundtheglobe,thetouristtradeisboomingandyouarepromisedtoenjoyallthecomfortandconvenienceofmoderntourism.Thefirst-classsystemsofcommunicationbyair,seaandlandmakeitpossibleforustovisiteachother’scountriesatamoderatecost.Whatwasoncethe‘grandtour’,reservedforonlytheveryrich,isnowwithinmostpeople’sgrasp.Thepackagetourandcharteredflights(包机)arequitepopulartous.Moderntravelersenjoyalevelofcomfortwhichthoseongrandtoursintheolddayscouldn’thavedreamedof.Withallthiscomingandgoing,youwouldexpectgreaterunderstandingtodevelopbetweenthenationsoftheworld.Notabitofit!Sowhat’sthesenseofthismassexchangeofpopulationsifthenationsoftheworldremainbasicallyignorantofeachother?Sothereisagreatmisdirectionintouristbusiness,especiallyinconductedtouritems.
Manytouristorganizationsaredirectlyresponsibleforthisstateofaffairs.Theypurposelysetoutto“protect”theirpassengersfromtoomuchcontactwiththelocalpopulation.Moderntouristsleadaprotectedandseparatedlife.Theyliveatinternationalhotels,wheretheyeatstheirinternationalfoodandsipstheirinternationaldrinkwhilegazingatthenativesfromadistance.Designedtourstoplacesofinterestarecarefullyarranged.Thetouristsareallowedtoseeonlywhattheorganizerswantthemtoseeandnomore.Astrictschedulemakesitimpossibleforthetouriststowanderoffontheirown;andanyway,languageisalwaysabarrier,sotheymightonlybetoohappytobeprotectedinthisway.
Atitsveryworst,thismerelyleadstoanewandterriblekindofcolonization.Thesadthingaboutthissituationisthatitleadstothepersistenceofcertainoldideasofothernationsandcountries.Wedon’tseethepeopleofothernationsastheyreallyare,butaswehavebeenbroughtuptobelievewhattheyare,evenstayingalongwiththatfromtextbooksduringourschooling.
Youcantestthisforyourself.Takefivenationalities,say,French,German,English,AmericanandItalian.Nowinyourmind,matchthemwiththesefiveadjectives:musical,emotional,cold,pedantic(爱追究的),native.Farfromprovidinguswithanyinsightintothenationalcharacteristicsofthepeoplesjustmentioned,theseadjectivesjustactuallyactasbarriers,forwecan’tdothejobwithcertainty.So,frequently,whenyousetoutonyourtravels,theonlycharacteristicsyounoticearethosewhichconfirmwhatyouhavealreadyobtainedasthefirstconceptionsinyourmind.Andyougethomeonlywiththehighlyunoriginalandinaccurateimpression,suchasthesaying,“Anglo-Saxonsarehypocrites(伪君子)”and“Latinpeoplesshoutalot”.However,togaintherealunderstanding,youonlyhavetomakeafewforeignfriendsandyouwillknowhowridiculousandharmfulsomeoldconceptionsofothernationsare.Buthowcanyoumakeforeignfriendswhenthetouristtradedoesitsbesttopreventyou?
Beingcarriedtoanextreme,stereotypescanbepositivelydangerous.Averywildandlimitedoutlookmaystirupracialhatredandblindustothebasicfact—howreasonlessitsounds!–thatallpeoplearehuman.Weareallsimilartoeachother,whileatthesametimeallunique.
58.Thepurposeoftheauthor’swritingistopointout______.
A.conductedtourshouldbestoppedB.thewayoftouringshouldbechanged
C.gainedknowledgecan’tberenewedD.somenationsstaythesameasbefore
60.Themainideaforthispassageisthat______.
A.tourismdoeslittletoincreaseunderstandingbetweennations
B.tourismisterriblewithouttheworkofthetouristorganizations
C.conductedtourissodullthatnobodywantstoacceptitnow
D.tourismreallydoessomethingwonderfultomanycountries
6.
Thesayingthatchildrendon’tlikereadinganymorehasbeenproveduntrue.Anewstudyfindsthat75percentofkidsbetween5and17saythatalthoughtheylovetechnology,theystillwanttoreadbooks.
“ThekidsFamilyReadingReport”alsosaysthat62percentofkidspreferreadingprintedbooksratherthanthoseonacomputer.Atthesametime,thosewhosearchanauthor’swebsiteorusetheInternettofindbooksbyaparticularauthor,aremorelikelytoreadbooksforfuneveryday.
Thestudyalsoonceagainprovesthatthetimekidsspendreadingbooksforfundecreasesaftertheageofeightandcontinuestodropthroughtheteenyears.Thereportisafollow-uptoa2006study.Butthistimethefocusisontheroleoftechnologyandwhenkids’interestinreadingstartstodrop.
“Despitethefactthataftertheageofeightmorechildrengoonlinedailythanreadforfundaily,highfrequencyInternetusersaremorelikelytoreadbooksforfuneveryday.”saysHeatherCarter,awriterofthereport.
Oneinfourkidsbetween5and17saytheyreadbooksforfuneverydayandmorethanhalfofkidssaytheyreadbooksforfunatleasttwotothreetimesaweek.Oneofthekeyreasonskidssaywhytheydon’treadmoreoftenisthattheyhavetroublefindingbookstheylike—arequirementthatparentsunderestimate.
Thestudyalsofindsthatparentshaveastronginfluenceonkids’reading,butonlyabouthalfofallparentsbeginreadingtotheirkidsbeforetheirfirstbirthday.Thepercentofchildrenwhoarereadtoeverydaydropsfrom38percentamongfive-to-eight-year-oldsto23percentamongnine-to-11-year-olds—exactlythesametimethatkids’dailyreadingforfunstartstodrop.
“Parents’engagementintheirchildren’sreadingfrombirthallthewaythroughtheteenyearscanhaveagreatinfluenceonhowoftentheirchildrenreadandhowmuchtheyenjoyreading”,addsCarter.
50.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_________.
A.nowadaysallthekidsstillliketoreadbooks
B.mostparentsbeginreadingtotheirkidsfromtheirbirth
C.somekidsliketogetsomeinformationusingtheInternet
D.thestudyofkids’readinghasbeenmadebefore
53.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?
A.DokidsstilllikereadingB.Kids’interestinreadingdrops
C.Newtechnologyonkids’readingD.Parents’influenceonkids’reading

高考二轮复习英语教案阅读理解

一名优秀的教师就要对每一课堂负责，作为教师就要在上课前做好适合自己的教案。教案可以让学生们充分体会到学习的快乐，帮助教师更好的完成实现教学目标。您知道教案应该要怎么下笔吗？考虑到您的需要，小编特地编辑了“高考二轮复习英语教案阅读理解”，欢迎阅读，希望您能够喜欢并分享！

2010高考二轮复习英语教案

专题十九阅读理解

阅读理解题考查的不仅是考生对整篇文章的把握能力，还考查了他们快速扑捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力；考生不仅要理解文章表层意义，更重要的是要通过文章的表层去合理判断、挖掘文章的隐含意义、延伸意义。这是对考生能力、智力、心理的一个综合检验。具体要点如下：1.主旨大意类；2.细节理解类；3.推理判断类；4.词义猜测类；5.观点态度类等五大要点。

考纲对考生阅读能力的要求：1．要求考生能读懂一般性话题，且生词率不超过2％的简短文字材料，如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章。

2．要求考生能够做到以下几点：(1)理解主旨大意；(2)寻读具体信息；(3)识别不同文体特征；(4)根据上下文提供的语境推测生词词义；(5)作出简单的判断和推理；(6)理解文段的基本逻辑结构；(7)理解作者的意图和态度；(8)理解文段的文化信息。

新课标对对高中英语阅读技能的要求：1.能识别不同文体特征；2.能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句；3.能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度；4.能根据学习任务的需要从多种媒体中获取信息并进行加工处理；5.除教材外，课外阅读量累计达到30万词以上。

教师在引导学生突破阅读理解题时可以从高考命题方向和该题选材特点对学生进行训练，在训练中点拨技巧，在训练中提高考生的综合运用能力。具体说：1.阅读理解作为高考英语中最重要的一种题型，题量最大，所占分值也最多。此类题型是全面检测考生接受书面信息和反馈能力的重要标尺。高考阅读理解要求考生在35分钟左右的时间内，完成对4～5篇短文的阅读理解并作出解答。用来考查考生的以下几种能力：1）.考查考生综合运用语言的能力；2）.考查考生的英语思维能力和社会文化意识；3）.考查考生辨认、捕捉和归纳细节信息，并通过字面意思对文章中心思想、作者的写作目的、意图、态度以及文章的行文特点进行合理推断的能力；4）.考查考生的阅读速度与词汇量。近些年来，高考英语阅读理解着重检测考生对语篇的整体把握能力、根据所提供的语境进行语篇分析的能力以及综合利用有效信息解决实际问题的能力。在近几年的高考中，涉及较低能力要求的事实性和细节性的考题虽仍是考查重点，但词义猜测、推理判断和主旨概括等深层次试题也占很大比重。

2．高考阅读理解中的选材特点：1)所选材料均来源于实际生活，其内容与社会现实保持较高的一致性，强调了语篇选材的真实性，具有鲜明的时代感。行文表达常使用比较正式的书面语言；2）语篇题材分布比较均匀，题材丰富多样。阅读语篇包括记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等文体。内容涵盖日常生活、人物、社会、文化、史地、科技、政治、环保、经济等诸多领域的热点、焦点问题。3）高考阅读理解持续保持较大的阅读量，要求考生在特定语篇中有目的地获取信息。另外试题材料含有较高的词汇量，增加了试题的信息含量，体现了新课标的理念。一般4-5篇阅读题阅读词汇量控制在1000词左右；4）阅读材料的原汁原味越来越浓厚，体现了现代英语的特点，阅读材料的文化含量加大，文章的行文风格更具英语语言的特点，文章的遣词造句也更加地道，许多考生通常要反复阅读才能读懂。

3.点拨阅读技巧，在练中领悟，领悟中训练，技巧能力并进。

高考英语阅读理解题顶级精品教案

高考英语阅读理解题顶级精品教案

一、进行快速阅读的必要条件
进行英语快速阅读的必要条件是：基本知识、语言基础、阅读技能、快速阅读不是一种孤立的能力，它必须以了解一定的基本知识为先决条件，以具备一定的词汇和基本语法为基础，还要掌握一些重要的阅读技能。如果没有语言基础，阅读材料通篇都是生词，语法难点很多，即使掌握了一些快速阅读的技能，要快也快不了。反之，如果只有语言基础知识，而没有阅读技能，要想读得快，读得多，也是不可能的。但是，如果对材料的内容缺乏基本常识，即使语言基础好，并具备阅读技能，也不可能“快读”，只能“慢读”。
基本知识主要是指的是所涉及英语的专业知识，没有一定的专业知识，要想把内容理解透是有相当大的难度的。
语言基础知识主要指词汇量和句型结构。要有一定的词汇量。这包括两部分，一是公共部分，二是专业部分。我认为公共英语部分至少要达到4，000个单词量，而专业部分最好要有1，500个词汇量。要有一定的句型分析能力。英语文章最大的语法难点是句型，句型中的难点是定语从句。一个句子很长，往往是由于定语从句连环套在作怪，定语中套着定语。这样的连环从句表达专业概念非常严谨，却给我们阅读带来困难。因此，我们要能够进行层次分析，准确把握各从句之间的关系，才能提高阅读速度。同时，要了解词性的变化，名词的动用和动词的名用。至于时态等其它的语法现象对我们具备一定语法知识的参试人员来说，基本上构不成多大障碍。
二、快速阅读的重要性
所谓的阅读能力主要是指精读和泛读能力。然而，英语阅读中，速度是人们最普遍关心的问题之一。在实际工作和生活中，百分之八十至百分之九十的阅读一般都是快速阅读、通过快速阅读，我们可以更广泛、更大量地阅读资料，猎取知识，增长见识，开阔眼界。通过大量阅读，频繁地接触语言材料，可以自觉或不自觉地学到或掌握大量的词汇和语汇，进一步熟练阅读技术，提高阅读能力，培养阅读兴趣和习惯。
三、快速阅读的速度与理解的关系
现在许多参试人员平时学习中对英语快速阅读的认识不足，他们无论看什么英文材料，都只注重理解而不注意阅读速度，因而阅读的效率、水平都难以提高。这样一来，处理好阅读速度和理解之间的平衡关系是我们值得认真对待的一个实际问题。速度太快，理解上往往出现很大的困难；速度太慢，又浪费很多的时间和精力。
在处理这两者之间的关系中，我认为要分为三个阶段。第一个阶段是筛选阶段。在我们阅读文章的过程中，首先筛选出对我们有利用价值的。每分钟的阅读速度可达800个字符，重点放在文章的标题和每段的第一句和最后一句上，基本上可对文章的中心、作者的意图有个20-30%的了解。在此基础上，进入第二阶段，也就是快速阅读阶段。就是说对我们已筛选出的信息作进一步的遴选，每分钟的阅读速度可保持在500个左右字符，达到70%的理解，再从中挑选出对我们有重要参考价值的内容来，然后进入第三阶段，也就是精研阶段。这一阶段，要达到90%以上的理解，力求准确把握作者的观点，融会贯通，根据其利用价值进行取舍。本文主要讨论第二阶段，限于篇幅，对其它两个阶段不作过多陈述，但也可参照本文的观点。
在提高阅读速度的初期，理解的降低是正常的，不必大惊小怪，只要继续以此速度读下去，就会发现理解会渐渐回升上来，达到原来速度时的理解水平。这里有一点必须注意，在理解水平还没有恢复到正常水平（至少要达到70%的理解）时，不要继续加快阅读速度。这二者的平衡在快速阅读的过程中是很重要的，不能过多的注意其中一项。我们应该明白，一分钟读400字符且达到了70%的理解比一分钟读200字符而达到90%的理解率效率高得多。理解了这一点，我们在阅读的过程中，就可以减少一些不必的担心，从而更好地提高自己的快速阅读的能力。
四、阅读过程中的障碍
1.阅读行为习惯的影响
在阅读过程中，我们要有意识地克服行为上某些不良的阅读习惯。
（1）出声读。因为眼睛的移动速度比舌头动作快。出声读不但影响速度，而且会分散一部分精力去注意自己的发音。
（2）逐字读。许多常见词，如功能词，不需停顿单独理解。
（3）默读。虽然没有大声读出来，但在脑中一字字读，也会影响速度，分散精力。
（4）指读。以手指挨个指着读，有碍理解和速度。除非手指飞速移动，引导眼睛快看。
（5）回读。眼睛回向移动，寻找先前读过的信息，而不是继续读下去以获取完整的概念。
2.阅读中心理因素的影响
阅读时，除了克服不良的阅读习惯外，还要注意克服一些影响阅读和理解程度的不良心理因素：
（1）期望值过高
希望一次阅读就掌握所读材料。这种急于求成的心理状态，不仅影响阅读时的心境，也使得视觉器官和大脑都不能集中于阅读过程本身，阅读的效果自然不好。
（2）过度重视阅读方法和技巧
由于阅读过程中过多思考阅读的方法、技巧等因素，而忽视了阅读材料及阅读本身的过程。从某种程度上讲，这会使我们注意力分散，阅读的兴趣自然大大减弱。
（3）思想开小差
对文字视而不见，翻了许多页，但脑子里仍一片空白。这样就降低了我们的注意力，影响了正常思维。
五、快速阅读的方法
面对繁杂的英语，要提高效率，就要有一定的方法。我认为唯有以泛读为基础，进行快速阅读的培养，才是一个行之有效的好方法。具体说来，要发现对自己有利用价值的信息，需要掌握如下方法：
1.推测（prediction）
阅读正文前，就标题（如果有标题的话）来合理推测资料的大概内容，也可在读了二、三段之后预测下段内容。这对快速理解和整体把握文章内容以及推测出生词的词义范围有积极的意义。因为英语单词一词多义现象太普遍了，一个单词在不同的专业领域往往含有不同的意思，甚至有的单词在同一专业领域在其意义的具体把握上也有细微的差别。
2.关键词句（keywordandtopicsentences）
在对文章的整体内容有了基本认识的基础上，我们学会抓主要的词句，找出段落中的主题句，从而正确领会文章的主要内容，并注意到是否对自己有利用价值。
3.略读或浏览或跳读（Skimming）
Skim有掠过的意思，又有从牛奶等液体上撇去的意思，转意为“快速掠过，从中提取最容易取得的精华”。用于阅读，或译为略读，或译为泛读，似乎都未把其细微的意思译出。而这种读法却包含有原词的所有意思——快速读过去，取出读物中关键性的东西。因此，我们可以把这种读法理解为快速浏览课文，领会文章大意。一般而言，通过标题可知道文章的主题。对文章的首段和末段要多加注意，以便发现作者的观点。
4.查阅（Scanning）
Scaning的意思是扫读或查阅，是快读或速读的一种。Scan就是通常所说的“扫描”。其特点是快，但又要全部扫及。Scan这个词的词义似乎矛盾，它既可以理解为“仔细地审视”，也可以理解为“粗略地浏览”。这种情况倒成了扫读的绝好证明。从形式上看，扫读是粗粗地一扫而过，一目十行，但从读者的注意方面来看，却又是高度的集中，在快速阅读中仔细挑出重要的信息。因此，查阅可以理解为迅速找出文章中的有关事实细节或某一具体信息；有时要找出某一个单词或词组，如人名、地名、日期、价格等；有时要找出文中所述的某一特殊事件，而这一事件可能是由一个词或短语交代的。若不具备一定的能力，这样的细节恐不易发现。
5.速度变换（Readingrate）
我们要意识到阅读的速度是不均匀的。也就是说，即使同一个人阅读同一份材料，但由于阅读是一种有相当心理负荷的脑力劳动，因此在开始、中途和结束时的速度不可能一样。读物的体裁和难度不一样，阅读的速度也不同。我们不要过分焦虑自己的阅读速度，以免造成不必要的心理压力。随着速度的提高，理解的程度都有所降低，所以我们应认识到阅读文章时的速度是可以调节的，只有合适的速度才可能获得快速准确的阅读效率。
6.阅读习惯（ReadingHabit）
从主观上要能克服注意力容易分散即所谓“思想开小差”的毛病，高度集中自己的注意力；从客观上克服各种无意中形成或由来以久的坏习惯，如摇头晃脑，抖动双腿，玩弄纸笔，念念有词等。这些“小动作”，也会分散注意力、影响思考，降低阅读速度。
六、怎样培养快速阅读的技巧
读外文书籍要做到“一目十行”。
1.视幅要宽
意思是每一眼看的词要尽量的多。我们阅读表面是用眼睛看，实际是用脑子读，眼睛只是起了照相机镜头的作用。努力使自己的眼睛变成“广角镜”，把尽可能多的词能一眼“尽收眼底”。
2.视时要短
意思是第一眼和第二眼之间停顿的间隙要尽量短。我们阅读时，若视幅相同，谁的停顿时间短，谁就能读得快。
3.意群要长
即在每个视幅中不是让你把很多的单词都收进脑子，而是要善于从中摄取有意义的词组，这个有意义的词组就是意群。极慢的读者是一个字一个字地读，视幅就很窄，句子中间的停顿就多，而频繁的停顿必然妨碍正常的理解。快速阅读者是半句或一句句地读。视幅大大加宽，停顿的间隙少而短，获取的都是有意义的词组，因而理解全句或全段就能做到水到渠成。
4.利用上下文猜生词
充分利用上下文给出的线索，有些生词的意思是可以猜出来的。下面介绍一些基本方法：
（1）利用定义的线索
在生词出现的上文或下文，有时能找到对它所下的定义或解释，由此可判断其定义。
（2）利用同义的线索
一个生词出现的上下文中有时会出现与之同义或近义的词，它往往揭示或解释了生词的词义。
（3）利用反义的线索
在某一生词的前面或后面有时会出现它的反义词或常用来对比的词语，由它可以推测生词词义。
（4）利用常识猜测词义
有时一句话中尽管有生词，但我们可以利用已有的知识去判断生词的意思。
（5）利用等式或符号猜测生词
一段话后面有时会给出一些等式或符号，如前面的话中有生词，由后面的等式或符号可疑猜出生词的词义。
总之，利用多种方法猜测生词词义，有助于提高阅读速度和学习兴趣，是英语学习者应当掌握的好方法。
七、结束语
英语快速阅读的培养不可能一天就学会和掌握，必须有一个循序渐进的过程。本文的出发点在于平时学习过程中的培养和训练，才能在考试过程中发挥得淋漓尽致，达到满意的效果。因此，在日常学习中，要有意识地按照精英特快速阅读的要求进行大量的训练，制定出计划和严格的要求，一步一个脚印地进行。只要持之以恒，必然会见效。

高考英语阅读理解省重点联考专案

阅读理解
主要考查的知识点：①掌握主旨大意，辨别主旨句与细节关系的能力。②归纳全文信息，理解全篇信息间的逻辑关系并进行推理、判断的能力。③深层理解，挖掘文章没有明确表达的意义的能力。④数据推理，图形辨认，结合常识，理解主题的能力。⑤既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解和判断推理。⑥较复杂的长难句的处理能力。
重点复习：①能读懂生词率不超过3%的文段（包括图表和常见标志）。②能把握所读材料的主要逻辑线索、时间和空间顺序。③掌握所读材料的主旨和大意。④了解用以阐述主旨的事实和有关细节。⑤既理解个别句子的意义，也可理解上下文之间的逻辑关系。⑥既能理解具体事实，也能理解抽象概念。⑦既能理解字面意思，也能理解深层含义。⑧根据所读材料进行一定的判断、推理和引申。⑨能根据上下文理解作者的态度和观点，以及文章的弦外之音。⑩能根据上下文和中学生应有的常识判断生词的意义，并掌握各种题型的解题方法：
●主旨大意题
主旨大意题在阅读理解测试题中所占比例及难度都相当大。此类题目一般不易直接找到答案，最简单有效的方法是仔细研究文章开头的一、二句，因为他们经常是文章的主题句，然后，快速浏览文章首句和结尾句。如果第一句的主题不明，可注意结尾段是否有概括总结，对选项要注意全面性和概括性。
主题句的确定
主题是文章要着重说明的一个问题，是文章的核心。标题经常是表现主题的点睛之笔，要求考生选出合适的标题，其目的是检查考生对主题的理解。主旨大意题属归纳概括题。找准文章的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。
标题的选择
选择标题属主旨大意题，是阅读理解题常考的题型之一，每年都有1～3个小题。那么应该怎样选择文章的标题呢？标题确定题属深层理解题，它要求考生在通读全文的基础上，认真分析主人公的特定心态、文章大意及作者的写作意图。在此基础上，还应做到概括性、针对性、醒目性的有机结合。
概括性原则：要求标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题要旨。标题实际上是文章主题的一种确认方式，前面我们提到，通过寻找主题句，往往很容易确定短文的标题。但大多数文章的主题句并不明显，需要我们仔细体会字里行间的意思，从整体上把握文章的主旨。从全局的角度归纳概括出文章的标题。要防止本末倒置，主次不分，以点代面，以偏概全。

针对性原则：针对性原则是对标题外延的一种界定。概括性原则要求文章标题包括文章的主要内容。但如果标题过大，就违背了针对性原则。针对性原则要求标题不能太过于概括，而是要直接指向文章的主要特点。即标题的外延既不能太大也不能太小，要量体裁衣，大小适度。
醒目性原则：标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响文章的可读性。读者往往从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍，故标题往往比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，目的是为了吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。所以在标题选择的过程中，在满足概括性和针对性的条件下，还要考虑标题的醒目性。

●细节理解题
一篇文章在确定主题之后，通常要通过大量的事实和细节对主题进行解释和说明。因此有很多的题干是根据短文的细节而设计的。文章的细节题有可能是直接理解题，如事物的起因、过程、结果及发生的时间、地点等。但多数情况下是间接理解题，要求你在理解的基础上，通过自己的思维将理解的内容系统化、条理化。比如计算、排序、选图等题。选项的表述通常不是用文章的原话，而是使用同义的词语来表达。做题时一定要回到短文中找出与答题内容相关的词语和句子，在理解原文的基础上选择答案。

找到关键词后最好在下面划线，以便检查。
排序题：这种试题要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。可采用“首尾定位法”。即先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。
图形辨认题：可采用“文字锁定法”，找出描绘图形的句段，按“文”索“图”，迅速锁定相关图形。
数字换算题：此类问题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，通过计算，得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简单，关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。通常采用的方法有“列表法”、“推算法”等。
表格理解题：可采用“首读题干法”、“文表分析法”。
快速寻找信息题：一般为功能阅读，查字典、广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等。做这类题时没有必要阅读全文，宜采用“题干定位法”。(多出现在信息匹配题中)
同义（反义）转换题：近年来高考中细节理解测试题已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查同学们对英语语言的理解能力。寻找相关的同义或反义表述，是一种有效的方式。
代词指代理解题：一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。可采用“逻辑关系梳理法”，使人物或事件关系条理化、简单化、明朗化。