Americanliterature教案。
一位优秀的教师不打无准备之仗，会提前做好准备，教师在教学前就要准备好教案，做好充分的准备。教案可以让学生更容易听懂所讲的内容，让教师能够快速的解决各种教学问题。你知道怎么写具体的教案内容吗？以下是小编为大家精心整理的“Americanliterature教案”，欢迎大家阅读，希望对大家有所帮助。
Unit10Americanliterature
Ｉ．单元教学目标
技能目标SkillGoals
▲TalkaboutAmericanliterature
▲Practisepredictinganddescribingwhatastorymightbeabout
▲Reviewalltheverbtenses
▲Writeabookreview
II．目标语言
功能句式Predictanddescribewhatanovelwithacertainthememightbeabout.
Whatwouldbeaninterestingstory?
Whatwouldbeanexcitingplot?
Whatcharacterswouldlikelyappearinit?
Whatwouldthecharactersbelike?
Whereandwhenwouldthestorytakeplace?
Wouldyouliketoreadashortstoryoranovel?
Doyouwanttoreadforpleasureorforschool?
词汇1.四会词汇
garbage,maid,prince,outcome,penny,grocery,bakery,weep,furnish,shabby,mailbox,bell,rag,rare,garment,worn,carpet,barbershop,haircut,anecdote,booklet,mutton,stove,baggage,pale,prayer,approve,anyhow,shave,comb,tortoise,flash,simplify
2.认读词汇
DudleyRandall,Della,Dillingham,backyard,cascade,Sofronie,curl,ConeyIsland,WilliamSydneyPorter,Broadway,tortoiseshell,jewel,reaction
3.词组
attendto,takepridein,doup,letdown,fixsthon/uponsb,atlength
4．重点词汇
weep,furnish,shabby,anecdote,baggage,pale,approve,anyhow,shave,flash,simplify
语法Reviewalltheverbtenses.
重点句子1.Expenseshadbeengreaterthanshehadcalculated.P84
2.Shehesitatedforaminuteandstoodstillwhileatearortwofellonthewornredcarpet.P85
3.Therewasnootherlikeitinanyofthestores,andshehadturnedalloftheminsideout.P85
4.ItwasworthyoftheWatch.P85
5.It’llgrowagain—youwon’tmind,willyou?P88
6.I’mmewithoutmyhair,aren’tI?P88
III．教材分析与教材重组
1.教材分析
本单元以Americanliterature为话题,通过诗歌欣赏，判断文学作品主题和阅读文学名著等学习方式，使学生对美国文学的特点以及发展历史和现状有一定的认识和了解，并能用已有的关于美国的历史、政治、文化等方面的知识判断和描述一部文学作品的主题、内容梗概和写作方法；能够运用所学的语言知识和技能听懂以对话形式对文学俱乐部举行的某些活动的评论，如成功和失败之处、优点和缺点所在等；并能用英语谈论美国文学作品，包括判断主题、分析写作特点、讨论作品主人公的个性、总结中心思想等，并对作品加以评论。
1.1WARMINGUP用一首小诗激发学生对美国文学进一步了解的兴趣，并使学生对美国黑人的诗歌有一个初步认识。它既呈现了本单元的中心话题—Americanliterature，又以回答问题的形式帮助学生以这首小诗为线索去探究美国文学的特点，为以后关于“Americanliterature”的进一步听、说、读、写的学习打下基础。
1.2LISTENING包括两个部分。第一部分中要求学生在“听”之前谈论一下自己在英语角或英语俱乐部所参加过的活动以及他们的感受和经历；或者听说过的、更有趣的英语活动和学习途径，为下一步的“听”作充分的准备。第二部分是一篇对话，Ben,AnnandLily正在为俱乐部组织一次英语活动。该部分设置的问题是：分析本次活动成功的原因和一次英语角活动不成功的原因，有一定难度。通过这项任务的完成，培养学生抓住听力材料中的要点信息、同时加以分析和总结的能力。
1.3SPEAKING是一项对话练习，内容是根据所给出的四幅图片，运用已有的关于美国的历史知识去判断每幅图片有可能表达的一部文学作品的主题是什么。这项设计的特点是：①让学生使用有关谈论文学作品的特点、人物以及故事发生的时间、地点等方面的语言交流自己对某些文学作品看法和观点；②丰富学生谈论文学作品的语言，包括词汇和句型等；③激发学生对美国文学的兴趣，并加深对美国文学的了解，为今后喜爱阅读更多的美国文学作品的原著打下初步的基础。
1.4PRE-READING是READING的热身活动。设计了两个任务供学生实践和完成。第一项任务是：通过略读的方法快速获取信息并推断故事情节的进一步发展。第二项任务是：用浏览的方式在课文中快速找出特定的信息用以回答问题。
1.5READING是一部短篇小说，节选自美国著名短篇小说家欧亨利的著名短篇小说《麦琪的礼物》。文章讲述了一对穷困的年轻夫妇为互赠圣诞礼物而忍痛卖掉引以自豪的长发和怀表，却换来了不再起作用的发梳和表链的故事，反映了美国下层人民生活的艰难和辛酸，赞美了主人公善良的心地和相濡以沫的爱情。文章情节生动，构思巧妙，文笔简短而精练，结局出人意料。
1.6POST-READING部分设计了三类任务，其中第一类是针对文章的理解，评价学生对文章理解的程度(Exx.1—4)；第二类是要求学生以根据课文做出的正误判断题为线索写一篇描述德拉的短文(Ex.5)；第三类任务要求学生根据已知的故事情节推断小说后半部分的故事情节将会怎样发展(Ex.6)。后两项任务具有很大的灵活性和挑战性。
1.7LANGUAGESTUDY分为词汇和语法两项。词汇部分帮助学生学习用适合的形式和意义使用词汇和短语，旨在培养学生运用英语词汇和短语的能力。语法项目是复习动词的各种时态。
1.8INTEGRATINGSKILLS包括读和写两部分。该部分是READING的续篇。在这部分中，小说的故事情节有了戏剧性的发展和出乎意料、却又在情理之中的结局。该部分的教学重点是分析文章的写作特点和表现手法并启发学生细心体会作者是如何以文学作品为载体去表达一个深刻的思想内涵的。写作部分的任务有两项：一是根据所给出的四幅图片描写本篇小说的故事情节；二是写一篇这部小说的摘要并对此加以评论以提高学生的写作能力。
2.教材重组
2.1从话题内容上分析，WARMINGUP和SPEAKING以及Workbook中的TALKING比较一致;将这三部分整合在一起，设计成一节任务型“口语课”从教材份量来说也比较适当。
2.2无论从话题内容上分析，还是从训练目的上分析，LISTENING与Workbook中的LISTENING都相一致；因此，可将两个LISTENING整合在一起，设计成一节“听力课”。
2.3将PRE-READING,READING和POST-READING三个活动整合在一起设计成一节“阅读课（一）”。
2.4根据本单元的特点（INTEGRATINGSKILLS中的READING是READING的续篇），将INTEGRATINGSKILLS中的READING和WRITING整合成“阅读课（二）”紧接第三课时。
2.5将LANGUAGESTUDY与Workbook中的PRACTISING部分整合在一起，组成一节“语法课”。
2.6将Workbook中INTEGRATINGSKILLS的READING（泛读）“以及WRITING整合成一节“泛读与写作课”。
3.课型设计与课时分配（经教材分析，根据学情，本单元可以用6课时教完。）
1stPeriodSpeaking
2ndPeriodListening
3rdPeriodReading
4thPeriodExtensivereading
5thPeriodLanguagestudy
6thPeriodExtensiveReadingWriting
Ⅳ.分课时教案
TheFirstPeriodSpeaking
Teachinggoals教学目标
1.Targetlanguage目标语言
a.重点词汇和短语
theme,Americanliterature,nativeAmericans,slavery,theCivilWar,asaguidefor,outcome
b.交际用语
Whatwouldbeaninterestingstory?
Whatwouldbeanexcitingplot?
Whatcharacterswouldappearinit?
Whatwouldthecharactersbelike?
Wherewouldthestorytakeplace?
Whenwouldthestorytakeplace?
Wouldyouliketoreadashortstoryoranovel?
Doyouwanttoreadforpleasureorforschool?
2.Abilitygoals能力目标
EnablethestudentstotalkaboutthethemesofAmericanliterature,tellwhattypeofstoriestheyliketoreadanddiscusswhysomebookswrittenbyAmericanwritersarepopularbutsomearenotsopopular.
3.Learningabilitygoals学能目标
Helpthestudentslearnhowtopredictthethemesofnovelsaccordingtogiveninformation.
Teachingimportantpoints教学重点
LettheSslearntodescribeandpredictdifferentthemesofAmericanliteratureandwhattypeofstoriestheywouldliketoread.
Teachingdifficultpoints教学难点
HowtoexpresstheirideasaboutdifferentthemesofAmericanliteratureintheproperwaysuchasanexcitingplot,characters,whenandwherethestorytakingplaceandsoon.
Teachingmethods教学方法
1.Talkingmethod;
2.Pairworkorgroupworktohaveadiscussion.
Teachingaids教具准备
Acomputerandaprojector.
Teachingproceduresways教学过程与方式
StepIRevision
T:Goodmorning/afternoon,boysandgirls!
Ss:Goodmorning/afternoon,Sir/Madam!
T:Doyoulikereading?
Ss:Yes.Wealllikereading!
T:Idon’tthinkso.WheneverIseeyou,youaretalkingaboutsports,music,food,clothes,pictures,starsandsoon,butseldomareyoutalkingaboutreading.
Sa:Youarepartlyright,Sir/Madam.Weseldomtalkaboutreadingjustbecausewehavedifferentinterestsindifferentkindsofliteratureworksanddifferentthemes.
Sb:Alsobecausewehavetoreadsomuchforschooleverydayandhavesolittletimetoreadwhatwelikeforpleasure.
T:Oh,I’msorryforwhatIsaidjustmow.Thatistosay,youdidyourhomeworkverywellyesterday?
Ss:Certainly!
T:AndyouhavegotasmuchknowledgeaboutAmericanliteratureasyoucan?
Ss:Yes!
T:Great!Let’shaveacompetitionbetweenboysandgirls.Thosewholiketojoininthecompetitionstandinlines,boysstandontheleft,girlsright.Ourcompetitionwillgoonlikethis:Eachofthegroupnumberswillwriteoutoneworkwithitswriter’snameontheblackboard,dothatinturnineachofyourgroupsasquicklyasyoucan.Youcanwritedifferentworksbythesamewriter,butcan’twritethesamework.OK?Anotherthing:Ifyoubothgetthesamenumberoftheworks,thegroupwithmoredifferentwriterswillbethewinner.We’llfinishitwithinthreeminutes.Areyouready?One,two,three,go!
Afewminuteslater,checktheworktogetherandcongratulateonthewinninggroup.Thenhandouttheprizespreparedforthewinnerstoencouragethem.
Possibleresult(B):blackwriter
BoyGroup
TheAdventureofTomSawyer
——MarkTwain
TheBeastintheJungle
——HenryJames
MainStreet
——SinclairLewis
NativeSon
——RichardWright(B)
TheScarletLetter
——NathanielHawthorne
TheOldManandtheSea
——ErnestHemingway
TheCalloftheWild
——JackLondon
MartinEden
——JackLondonGirlGroup
AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn
——MarkTwain
TheCantos
——EzraPound
TheGrapeofWrath
——JohnSteinbeck
InvisibleMan
——RalphEllison(B)
AFarewelltoArms
——ErnestHemingway
TheGiftoftheMagi
——O.Henry
TheLastLeaf
——O.Henry
...
Theboygroupwinsthecompetitionwithsevendifferentworksandwriters.
StepIIWarmingup
TalkaboutsomefamousAmericanwritersandtheirfamousworksappearingonthescreen.
T:Youdidagreatandexcitingjobjustnow.Well,let’slookatsomepictures.Doyouknowsomethingaboutthem?Ifyouknow,pleasetellusasmuchasyoucan.
ShowsomepicturesaboutsomefamousAmericanwriterssuchasMarkTwain,ErnestHemingway,O.Henry,NathanielHawthorne,andsoon.Atthesametime,asktheSstotrytotalkaboutthepicturesinorderthattheSscandrawasmuchinformationaboutAmericanliteratureaspossible.
ShowthepictureofNathanielHawthorneandhisfamousworkTheScarletLetteronthescreen.
T:Who’she?Andhaveyoureadthenovel?
Sa:HeisNathanielHawthorne.Iknowalittleabouthim.HawthorneisanovelistandshortstorywriterandTheScarletLetterisoneofhismostsuccessfulworks.ButIhaven’treadthenovel.
T:Good.Doyouknowsomeotherbest-knownworkswrittenbyHawthorne？
Sb:Letmetry.TheHouseoftheSevenGables,TwiceToldTalesandTheArtistoftheBeautiful.
T:Verygood!Let’sseesomethingabouthim.
Showthebriefintroductiononthescreenandasksomeonetoreaditaloud.
NathanielHawthorne
BorninSalem,Massachusetts.Novelistandshortstorywriter,acentralfigureintheAmericanRenaissance.NathanielHawthorne’sbest-knownworksincludeTheScarletLetter(1850)andTheHouseoftheSevenGables(1851).
T:WehavelearnedsomethingaboutNathanielHawthorne.Nowlookatthis!Haveyoureadthestory?Anddoyouknowsomethingaboutitswriter?
ShowthepicturesofHarrietBeecherStoweandherfamousworkUncleTom’scabinonthescreen.
Sc:Yes!Manyofushavereadthestory.Itisanantislaverynovelwrittenin1852byHarrietBeecherStowe.Thestorywasaboutafaithfulblackslavewaskilledbyacruelwhiteenslaverandmadepeopleknowhowcrueltheslaverywas.Itarousedthepeople’ssympathies.
T:Great!Now,let’slearnsomethingmoreaboutHarrietBeecherStowe.
Showthebriefintroductiononthescreenandasksomeonetoreaditaloud.
HarrietBeecherStowe
BornintheUSA.in1811.HerbookUncleTom’scabinnotonlymadeherfamousbutalsoshooktheworldandwashelpfulincausingtheAmericanCivilWar.TherewastimewheneveryEnglish-speakingpersonhadreadthenovelthatdidsomuchtostopslavery.PresidentLincolngreetedherasthe“littlewomanwhowrotethebookthatmadethisGreatWar.”
T:Haveyoureadthesepoems?
Showthepoetryanthologyonthescreen.
Ss:No.Heardaboutitbuthaven’treadit./Yes.Thepoemsintheanthologyarewonderful...
T:Yes.ThatisawonderfulpoetryanthologywrittenbyagreatpoetWaltWhitman.In1855Whitmanpublishedavolumeof12poemsathisownexpense,LeavesofGrass,whichhehadbegunworkingonprobablyasearlyas1847.Itwascriticizedbecauseofitsinnovationinverseform,thatis,theuseoffreeverseinlongrhythmicallineswithanatural,“organic”structure.
Whileintroducingthewriterandhispoems,showtheportraitofWaltWhitmanandthebookandthelogcabinwheretheworkwasbornonthescreen.
T:Nowlet’sappreciatetheversesfromoneofhispoems.
Showtheversesonthescreen.
OCaptain!myCaptain!ourfearfultripisdone;Theshiphasweather’deveryrack,theprizewesoughtiswon.
——OCaptain!MyCaptain!
WaltWhitman
T:Canyoutastethedeepmeaning?
Ss:Sorry...
T:HereWaltWhitmancomparesAmericatotheship,Lincolntothecaptain.Theship“hasweather’deveryrack”,whiletheirgreatcaptainlaydownforever.
Ss:...(TheSswillfeelverysorrywhenhearingthis.)
T:Yes.Thatiswhatgoodliteratureworksbringus.Look,Youmusthavereadthisbook.
ShowthebookTheAdventureofTomSawyeronthescreen.
Ss:Yes!Almosteveryonehasreadthebook.That’sveryinterestingandexcitingandmeaningful!
T:Whowroteit?
Ss:MarkTwain!!
ShowthepictureofMarkTwain.
T:MarkTwainishispenname.Doyouknowhisrealname?
Ss:SamuelLanghorneClemens.
T:That’sright.Canyoucountmoreofhisworks?
Sd:Certainly!BesidesTheAdventureofTomSawyer,hewrotemanyinterestingandhumorousstoriessuchasAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,TheMysteriousStranger,LifeontheMississippi,TheGildedAgeandsonon.
Se:Alongwithessays,criticalworks,andmore.
T:Verygood!HereonthescreenaresomemoreinformationaboutMarkTwain.Pleasegothroughitbyyourselves.
AboutMarkTwain:
MarkTwain,pennameofSamuelLanghorneClemens,wasagreatliterarygiantofAmerica,whowasconsidered“thetruefatherofournationalliterature”.
ThetypicalthemeinClemens’writingwasthenarrationofastorybyayoungornativeperson.Whenhewroteaboutyouth,theyouthwasusuallywisebeyondhisyearsbutremainedanidealismwhichClementscomparedwiththeinsincerityandcrueltyoftheadultworld.
T:Tillnow,we’velearnedaboutmanyfamouswritersofAmericaandtheirworks,buthaveyoureadthiswork?PointingtothepoemonPage82.
Ss:No,wehaven’t.
T:Nowpleasereaditcarefullytwiceorthreetimes,thengothoughthequestionsgivenbelowandhaveadiscussioningroupsoffour.Afewminuteslater,I’llcheckyourjobs.
IfthereisenoughtimeorthestudentshaveenoughknowledgeabouttheAmericanliteratureandwriters,theteachercanhavetheSstalkmoreaboutthem.
Afewminuteslater.
T:Areyouready?
Ss:Yes!
T:Everyoneknowsthatthetextyou’vejustreadisapoem,yes?
Ss:Yes!That’sveryclear.
T:Canyouguesswhowrotethepoem?Imean,wasitwrittenbyawhitepoetorablackone?
Sf:Ithinkitwaswrittenbyablackpoet.
T:Butwhydoyouthinkso?
Sg:Becauseit’stalkingaboutlowestworkingpeopleallthewayandgivesthemandtheirworkhighgloryandshowstherespecttotheirancestors.
Sh:Ithinkso.Although“theblack”isn’tmentionedasingletimeinthepoem,stillIcanfeelitwaswrittenbyablackpoetthroughthesensibilitiesandthelanguages.Itdescribesthehardworkoftheirancestorsaswellastheirpoorlivingconditions.Whooncelivedamiserablelifelikepigs?Slaves!Whooncewereforcedtobeslaves?Blackpeople!
Si:Yes.Andwhomadetheblackpeople,bornfreeones,slaves?TheearlywhitesettlersinAmerica!SoIcanjudgeitmustbeAmericanliterature,andcouldn’tbewrittenbyanypoetfromanothercountry.AlsoIcanreadouttheblackpeople’saspirationforfreedomandequality.
T:Good!Wonderfuldeducing!Andwhatdeepthoughtcanwegetfromthepoem?
Sj:Ithinkthepoemisaboutaccusingofslaveryandtheunfairnessofthesociety.Itshowsusaspiritoffreedomandtellsusthatpeopleareborntobeequalandnobodyisnoblerorlower.
T:Verygoodanswers,andyouallhavedeepthinkingaboutthepurposeofthewriter.
Sk:JustnowSisaiditmustbeAmericanliterature,Iagreewithit.Fromthehistoryandthesubstanceofthepoemwecanknowthis.AmericausedtobeacolonyofEngland.SlaveryexistedinAmericaforalongtime.Slavesweretreatedcruellyasdraughtanimals.AsAmericahadnotaperiodoffeudal,Americansdidn’tbelieveinKingsandQueens.AftertheIndependentWarandtheCivilWar,Americamarchedontofreedom.Atthattime,slaveryhadbeenabolishedbutthethinkingofslaveryandracialdiscriminationstillrootedinthemindsofAmericans.Thewriterwantedtobreakthewallbetweenpeople,callforequalityandblackpeople’sself-respectandconfidence.Sohewrotethispoem.
T:Great!You’veanalyzedthehistoryoriginandmadetheanswerreasonable.Andthen,whocantellussomethingaboutthewriter,whosenamewasmarkedbelowthepoem?
Sl:Iknowsomethingabouthim.DudleyRandallwasborninWashington,D.C.in1914.HeworkedduringtheDepressioninthefoundryoftheFordMotorCompanyinDearborn,Michigan,andthenasacarrierandclerkfortheU.S.PostOfficeinDetroit.HeservedintheU.S.ArmySignalCorps,andgraduatedfromWayneStateUniversityandtheUniversityofMichigan.
Sm:Hewasalibrarianatseveraluniversities,andfoundedtheBroadsidePressin1965“soblackpeoplecouldspeaktoandfortheirpeople”.
T:Verygood.Andwhatabouthisideatotheblackpoets?
Sn:RandalltoldNegroDigest,“Precisionandaccuracyarenecessaryforbothwhiteandblackwriters...‘Ablackaesthetic’shouldnotbeanexcuseforsloppywriting.”HeurgedAfricanAmericanwriterstorejectwhatwasfalsein“white”poetry,butnottoforsakeuniversalconcernsinfavorofaracialagenda.
T:Wonderfulandclear!Whocantellsomethingabouthisachievements?
So:Letmetry.HisworksincludeOnGettingaNaturalandALitanyofFriends;NewandSelectedPoems.HeeditedTheBlackPoets,anextensiveanthologyofpoetry,fromslavesongstothepresent.
T:Excellentjobsyou’vedone!
ShowthepicturesofDudleyRandallandoneofhisworks.
T:WhenlookingbackthehistoryandlifeintheUnitedStates,whatspecialthemesandwhatsortofstorieswouldyouexpectforAmericanliterature?Iwanttoknowyourideas.
Sp:Iwanttoreportmyidea.AmericausedtobeacolonyofEnglandandslaveryexistedforalongtime.FreedomcametrueaftertheIndependentWarandtheCivilWar.Therewerealotofstoriesaboutloveandcourageinwars.SothefightsaboutAmericanespeciallyblackpeoplewhofoughtforfreedomandequalrightsmustbeveryexciting.
Sq:I’vereadthestoryAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnwrittenbyMarkTwain,whichisaboutawhiteboyandablackslaverunningawayfromtheirterribleplacestogethertohavetheiradventuretravel.Thestoryisveryinterestingandexciting.
Sr:Iexpectforthemesaboutwars.Thefuriouswarcanshowusthestrongforcetotheslaveryandbringuscourageandpower.Certainly,thisthemecanmakeusfeelexcitedandthrilling.
St:Thethemesaboutthecommonpeople’slifeofAmericawillbeattractions,fromwhichwecanknowmoreaboutthereallifeofpeopleinlowerclass.Thiskindofthemesisoftenrealisticandmovingwithkindandhard-workingcharactersinthem.Wecanlearnmorefromthemandgetedificationinheart.
T:Good!AndyouhavesomuchwonderfulthoughtthatIalmostwanttoreadallofthethemesoftheAmericanliteratureworks.HowcouldIdoandwhichoneshouldIchoose?
TheSswillhaveavarietyofideasaboutthethemesofAmericanliterature.Dealwiththesituationabouttheirdiscussionandletthemreportfreelydependingontimeandthecase.Collecttheideasabouttheirinterestingthemesbymakingaformforthestudentstofillin.
Possiblelist
ThemesWorksWriter
AntislaveryandCivilWarUncleTom’scabin
TheSlaveHarrietBeecherStoweRichardHildreth
NativeAmericanTheAdventureofTomSawyer
LifeontheMississippiMarkTwain
WesternPioneersShaneJackSchaefer
NeuterLeavesofGrassWaltWhitman
CommonlifeTheGiftoftheMagiO.Henry
………
StepIIISpeaking
T:Fromwhatyoudidjustnow,Ibelieveyou’veknownmuchabouttheAmericanliterature.Youknowthemajorthemesintheliteratureofacountryreflectimportanteventsorperiodsinthehistoryofthecountry.TherearefourpictureshereaboutAmericanliterature.LookatthemanduseyourhistoryknowledgeabouttheUSA.Workinpairsanddiscusswhatkindofstoriesyou’dliketoread,usingtheusefulexpressionsonPage84.Afewminutes1ater,I’llasksomeofyoutopresentyourideasintheformofdialoguestotheclass.OK?
Ss:Yes!
Thestudentsstarttohaveadiscussioninpairs,whiletheteachergoesamongthemtoseeiftheyhaveanyquestionsanddirectsthestudents’activities.
Afewminuteslater.
T:Areyouready?
Ss:Yes.
T:Whowantstobevolunteer?
Ss:(Thefirstpair)Letushaveatry.
PossibleDialogues
Picture1
A:DoyouknowwhowasthenativeofAmericabeforeEuropeancame?
B:Ithink,it’sIndian,AmericanIndian.Therearealotofstoriesaboutthem,andsomeareveryinteresting,especiallysomeabouttherelationshipbetweenIndiansandwhitepersons.
A:Really?Ifeeltheurgeinmyhearttoknowsomethingaboutthem.Doyouknowanyfamousnovelsaboutthem?
B:Sorry,butIhaveseenafilmnamed“Dancingwiththewolves”,it’sastoryaboutacaptain,anEnglishwhiteman,whowenttothewestpartofAmerica,whenalotofpeoplehadgonethereandIndianswerediscriminatedandkilledbywhitepersons.HemadefriendswithagroupofIndiansandhelpedthemnotbehurtbywhitepeople.It’saverysadstory.
A:Theremustbeanexcitingplot!Iwon’tmissit.
B:Ihopeyoucanenjoyit.
Picture2
A:IlikecowboyverymuchandIevendreamthatIcangotoAmericaandbeacowboyoneday.
B:Well,itisreallyawonderfuldream.ButhowmuchdoyoulearnaboutthelifeofcowboyinAmerica?
A:Verylittle,thatiswhatIwanttoknow.
B:IthinkIcantellyousomethingaboutit.Whenthepopulationofsettlersbecamelargerandlagerinthe1800s,manypeoplewenttothewestland.Theywereattractedbythelowpriceofthelandandthechancetoearnmoney.Atthattime,cowsweremorethanpeople,socowboyswereneeded.Torunafterthecows,cowboysrodehorsesandworeleatherboots.Theycreatedtheirspecialsongs,stories,lifestylesandspecialcharacters.Ifyouwanttoknowmoreaboutthem,youcanreadsomebooks,forexample,LifeontheBackofHorseandTheNotoriousJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty.
A:Thankyouverymuch.Iwillgotothelibrary.
Picture3
A:Youhavebeentothelibrary,haven’tyou?
B:Yes,I’vejustborrowedsomeinterestingbooks.
A:Well,letmesee.Er…YouseemtolikeMarkTwain.
B:Notverymuch,butIreallylikehisnovelAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,hiswell-knownbook.
A:Itsoundsinteresting.Whatisitabout?
B:ThestoryhappenedduringAmericanCivilWar.Acleverandkind-heartedboynamedHuckleberryFinnhelpedhisfriend,aslave,escapefromhisowner’sgarden.TheytraveledalongtheMississippi,andfinallytheygottothenorthpartofAmerica.Duringtheirincredibletrip,theybuiltafriendship.Astheslavegotfreedom,thestorygotahappyending.Thestoryshowsussomefactsofthewarandtellsusthattheslavesshouldbetreatedfair.
A:Itisreallyinteresting.IhopeIcanreadthisbookwhenyoufinishreadingit.
B:Noproblem!
Picture4
A:DoyouknowsomethingabouttheGreatDepressionat1933-1937?
B:It’saterribleeventforthewholeworld.Noonecanforgetit.Millionsofbusinesseswentbankrupt,millionsofpeoplelosttheirjobs,andmillionsofpeoplecouldnotsupporttheirchildren’sfood.ItwasalsoonereasonoftheWorldWarII.Ifyouwanttoknowit,youcanreadthebook“LiveofRoosevelt”.Itdescribesthisevent.
A:No,Idon’twanttoreadthiskindofbooks.Iwantsomestoriesatthattime,justforpleasure.Itneedsinterestingcharacters,excitingplotsandsoon,youknow?
B:Oh,wouldyouliketoreadnovels?You’vefoundtherightperson!YoucanreadsomestorieswrittenbyFrancisScottFitzgeraldsuchasTheGreatGatsby,TenderIsTheNightandTheLastTycoon.HisworkslayoutthebleakvisageinspiritinAmericanupperclassduringtheGreatDepression.IalsoadviseyoutoseesomefilmsofChaplin,hisfilmsreflectthelowest-classlifeatthattimeandtheyareveryinterestingandcangiveyoualotofadvicetofightwithterror.
T:Verygoodandwonderfuljob!Thankyouandsitdown,please!
StepIVTalking(WorkbookonPage218)
Letthestudentsworkingroupsoffour.ChooseoneofthegroupsoftheauthorsandhavethediscussionaboutwhysuchbooksarepopularornotpopularinChina.WhiletheSsdotheirgroupwork,goamongthemtoseeiftheyhaveanyquestionsanddirectthem.Afewminuteslater.
T:Wouldyouliketomaketheclassknowtheoutcomeofyourdiscussion?
Ss:Yes!
T:Who’dliketobethefirst?
Ss:(Thefirstgroup)We’lltryfirst.We’dliketotalkaboutEdgarSnow.
A:EdgarSnowwasanAmericanjournalistreportingonChina,andwasfamousforhisbookRedStarOverChina.I’vereadit.It’sveryauthenticandmoving.
B:Whatisthebookabout?Iheardaboutitbuthaven’treadit.IsitpopularinChina?
C:Yesit’sverypopular.In1936,hestartedhistravelfromBeijingandatlasthegottotheRedAreasofChina.ThereheinterviewedMaoZedongandrecordedfactuallyeverydaylifeoftherevolutionistsofChina.
D:InNovemberof1936,hewentbacktoBeijingandwrotedownwhathesawandheard.Atlast,hecollectedallhisreportsinthebookRedStarOverChina.
A:ThereisanotherreasonwhyitispopularinChina.Itisthefirstbookwrittenbyawesterner,inwhichtheRedAreasandthepeopletherearereportedfactually.
C:EdgarSnowwasanhonestperson.Healwayssoughttruefactsinbothhisbooksandlife.AndheisagoodfriendofChinesepeople.
B:Isee!Thepopularityofhisbookisbasedonhisnoblecharacter.Imustreadhisbookcarefully.
T:Verygood!Itseemsthatmostofyouhavereadthebook.It’sreallypopularinourcountry.
Ss:(Thesecondgroup)We’lltalkaboutIsraelEpstein.
A:I’mreadingthebookWomaninWorldHistory:LifeandTimesofSoongChingLingwrittenbyIsraelEpstein.
B:Oh,Ihaveheardofhim.HewasborninPolandandbecameaChinesecitizenin1957.
C:ButIheardhedied4daysago!
D:Yes.HehadbeenlivingandworkinginChinaformorethan70years.HewrotebooksaboutChinesehistory,China’srevolutionandconstruction.
C:IheardthathewasapersonalfriendofSoongChingLingandthebookyouarereadingisabiographyhewroteforher.
D:HelovedChinaandChinesepeopleverymuch,sothebookshewroteareverypopularinChina
T:Wonderfuljob!Doyouhaveanydifferentideas?
Ss:(Thethirdgroup)WehavesomeviewsaboutPearlSBuck.
A:TheGoodEarthisaboutChinesepeasants’lifeinthe1930swrittenbyPearlSBuck,whogainedNobelPrizeofliteratureforthisbook.
B:Ihavereadthisbook,itdescribesChinesepeasants’lifefactuallyanddeeply.Whenitwaspublishedin1931,itsoonbecamebestsellerinAmericaandwastranslatedintomanylanguages.
C:She’sawesternwomanwriterwithdisputation.InChina,someonelikesherworkwhilesomeonenotbecausethedescriptionaboutChinesepeasants’lifeisthethoughttohavesuspicionofsmear.
D:Yes.In1935,whenthebookwaspublished,itcausedagreatuproarintheworld.Whetherornot,ithasbeentranslatedintomanylanguagesandiswidespreadinwesterncountries.ItcontributedalottothepositiveimagethatWesternershaveaboutChinesepeople.
T:Youreallyhavedeepthoughtabouttheauthor.That’svaluable.Anyoneelse?
Ss:(Thegroupfour)WewanttosaysomethingaboutLinYutang,who’stheonlyChineseamongtheauthorsgiven.
A:DoyouknowaboutLinYutang?
B:Certainly!HewasafamouswriterandlearnerintheearlytwentiethcenturyinChina.HeoncetaughtinQinghuaUniversityandthenwenttostudyinAmericaandGermany.Inthe1920shecamebacktoteachinBeijingUniversityandhewasasupporterofthepatrioticstudentmovement.
C:LinYutangwrotealotofarticlesandbooksandcreatedmanykindsofmagazines.Hewrotemorethan30booksinEnglish,ofwhichMyCountryandMyPeoplewasthemostpopular.
A:Whatisitabout?
D:Itdescribestemperament,heart,dream,life,honesty,societyandcultureofChineseandcontraststhemwiththoseofwesterners.HewasaChinesewriterwithagreatinfluenceonwesternunderstandingoftheChinese.
A:Butwhydon’tIknowthese?PerhapsIreadlessthanyoudid?Orheseemsnottobesopopular?
T:That’sverygood!
Asksomemoregroupsofthestudentstoactouttheirdialogues.Theremaybeavarietyofpossibleideastocomeupwith.
StepVHomework
T:Youhavedoneverywellintheclass.That’sallforthisperiod.Homeworkfortoday:
FindoutsomegoodEnglishlittlepoemstoreadaloud,youcandothatwithmusic.Andifpossible,youcanmakesomeslidesonPowerPointtoshowyourpoemstotheclasswhileyouarereadingaloud.Preparefortheworkcarefullyandyou’llgetalotoffunwithit.Goodbye,everyone!
Ss:Goodbye,sir/madam.
扩展阅读
Unit10Americanliterature(综合教案)
一位优秀的教师不打无准备之仗，会提前做好准备，作为高中教师准备好教案是必不可少的一步。教案可以让讲的知识能够轻松被学生吸收，帮助高中教师营造一个良好的教学氛围。怎么才能让高中教案写的更加全面呢？下面的内容是小编为大家整理的Unit10Americanliterature(综合教案)，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
Period1
一．Previewingwork
（1）Spelling
轶闻简化碎布哭小册子
结果苍白的破旧的稀有的杂货店
（2）Word-transformation
approve(n)pray(n.)simple(v.)
react(n.)comeout(n.)cutone’shair(n.)
二．Teachingprocedures
1.furnishvt.toequipwithwhatisneeded
Theroomwasthesimplestnecessities,abed,achairandatable.
房间里只布置了最简单的必需品，一张床，一把椅子和一张桌子。
Theroomwascompletely.
房间里有舒适的家具。
2.simplifyvt.tomakesimpleorsimpler使简化，是易做，简化
TheEnglishinthisstoryhasbeentomakeiteasiertounderstand.
这个故事里的英语被简化了，可更容易理解。
Canyouthelanguagealittle?你能把这语言简化一点吗？
3.shabbyadj.showingsignsofwearandtear;threadbareorwornout
ashabbyoldhat破旧的帽子/ashabbyoldman一位衣衫褴褛的老人
多卑劣的恶作剧！把车开走了让我走路回家。
Whatatrick,drivingmeoffandleavingmetowalkhome!
4.attendto(1).totakecare;giveattention
wewillthatproblemlater.稍后我们将关注那个问题。
Ihaveanurgentmatterto.我有一个紧急的事要处理。
(2).totakecareof
你最好照顾一下那又瘦又黑的女孩；我想她快要晕倒了。
You’dbetterthatthindarkgirl;Ithinksheisgoingtofaint.
Areyoubeing?是否有人接待你？
5.rareadj.1.infrequentlyoccurring;uncommon
Thisplantisinthisregion.这种植物在本地区是很少见的。
Thatbirdisveryinthecountry.这种鸟在这国家很稀有。
2.cookedashorttimetoretainjuiceandredness
我们有三道菜：汤，鲜嫩的牛排，蔬菜还有水果。
Wehadthreecourses;soup,asteakandvegetablesandfruit.
6.cascaden.awaterfallsomethingthoughttoresembleawaterfallorseriesofsmallwaterfalls
她长长的卷发象瀑布一样披在肩上。
Herlonghairfelloverhershouldersinaofcurls.
攀缘植物长着鲜艳的花朵，垂挂在花园的墙上。
Climbingplantswiththeirbrightflowershungoverplantsonthegardenwall.
Vt.tofallorcausetofallinorasifinacascade
下雨时，大量雨水沿着窗户流下。
Whenitrained,waterwouldthewindow.
7.doup(1).tofastenyourcoatandhurry.把衣服扣好，快！
Thisdressattheback.这衣服在背后扣扣子。
(2).torepair;improveLet’stheroomfirst.让我们先把房子整理一下。
(3).towrapandtieHewasaparcel.他正在捆包。
8.wornadj.(1).affectedordamagedbywearoruse
他决定把穿坏的鞋丢掉，再买一双新的。
Hedecidedtothrowtheshoesawayandbuyanewpair.
Theseshoesarelookingrather.这双鞋不成样子了。
(2).showingthewearingeffectsofoverwork,care,worryorsuffering
Shecameback.她回来时既疲惫又忧虑。
我看到他那张年轻英俊的脸上显出憔悴的脸色，令我十分地吃惊。
Iwasshockedtoseethelookofhishandsomeyoungface.
9.fixvt.(1).todirectsteadilyshetheroadahead.她盯着前面的路。
(2).toplacesecurely;makestableorfirm
Campersthetentpolesintheground.露营者把帐篷的柱子固定在地上。
(3).tocaptureorholdThemanwiththelongbear.
那个长长胡须的人引了我们的注意力。
(4).toagreeon;arrangeLater,weatimetomeetnexttime.
后来，我们安排了下一次的会面时间。
10.approvev.(1)toconsiderrightorgood;thinkorspeakfavorablyof
Myparentsdon’tofmesmokingcigarettes.
我的父母不准许我吸烟。
Idon’tofwastingtimearguingwithyouanymore.
我不赞成浪费时间和你再争执了。
(2).toconsentorconfirm
Theresolutionwas这个决议通过了。
Post-teachingwork:
一．Spelling
结果苍白的破旧的稀有的杂货店
二．word-formation
approve(n)pray(n.)simple(v.)
三．Fillintheblankswithproperwords.
1.SonowDella’slong,beautifulhairfellabouthershoulderslikeaofbrownwaters.
2.Dellahesitatedforaminuteandstoodstillwhileatearortwofellontheredcarpet.
3.Myparentsdon’tofmesmokingcigarettes.
4.TheEnglishinthisstoryhasbeentomakeiteasiertounderstand.
5.Thatbirdisveryinthecountry.
Period2ASacrificeforLove
Teachingaims:
1.trytogetagoodunderstandingofthetext
2.improvetheabilitytoreadfastandpursuethedesignatedinformationinthepassage
3.trytoretelltheclassicalstoryoutintheirownwords
Teachingprocedures:
Step1.Pre-reading
GetaknowledgeofOHenrybeforewereallystarttocometohisworks.(P87)
Step2.Fast–reading
Askallofthestudentstoreadaloudthepassageandfinishthefollowingquestions.
TrueorFalse
1.ThepreviousdramabyCharlesDickensandthestorybyOHenryhappenedalmostthesameperiod.()
2.Inthehallbelowwasamailboxintowhichsomeletterswouldgo.()
3.GoldwatchandDella’shairweretwopossessionsthecoupletookpridein.()
4.Dellasatinfrontofthemirror,lostinthought.()
5.Dellasoldherhairatthepriceoftwentydollars.()
6.JamesDillinghamYoungwasarichyoungman.()
7.Dellalivedinaneighorhoodwithmanytreesandflowers.()
8.JimandDellawereamarriedcouple.()
9.DellathoughthavingahaircutwillmakeJimhappy.()
10.DelladeccidedtohaveherhaircutoutofloveforJim.()
Questions(carefulreading):
1.WhydidDellacryaftercountingthemoneyshehadbeensaving?
2.WhydidtearsfallfromhereyeswhileDellawasstandinginfrontofthemirror?
3.WhatfinallydidDellabuyJimapresentforChristmas?
Fillintheblanks.
DellaistheyoungofJim.Theyhavebeenforafewyears,andtheyloveeachotherverymuch.Theyarepoor.EverydayDellaatthemarketandintheshopstosavemoney.Della’slifeisvery,andtheyhaven’tmuchfun.Theonlythingthatgivesherprideandhappinessisherlong,brownhair.Togiveherhusbandawondefulpresentfor,shedecidestosellhermostpreciouspossession,herlong,brownhair.
Tellthestudentstoreporttheanswersandthenrecitetheshortpassageinclass.
Step3.Homework
1.continuetorecitetheshortpassage.
2.previewthenextlesson---Underlinesomeusefulphrasesbeforehand.
Period3ASacrificeForLove
TeachingAims:
1.usefulphrasesandexpressionsinthepassage
2.theusagesofsomephrasesandexpressions
3.retellingofthisstory
Step1.Revision
Retellingofthestory.
Step2.languagepoints
一．Phrases:
1.attendto照料，照应WillyoupleasetheshopforafewminuteswhileIgotothebank?
钻心于，致力于Let’sourworkinsteadoftalking.
仔细听me,children.Ishallnotrepeattheseinstructions.
2.….andshehadonly1.87dollarswithwhichtobuyJimapresent…
Youhaveanumberoftopicstochoose.
Itwasabadseasontohaveoutings.
3.gofar维持的时间长Fivehundredyuanamonthdoesnotgofar.Oftenhecannotmakeendsmeet.
4.beworthyof/beworthdoingbeworthyof+n.
beworthyofbeingdone
beworthytobedone
Thenovelis.
Thesuggestion.
5.pulldownHeoverhiseyessothatnobodyshould8recognizehim.
Theoldhousewastomakeroomforanewone.
pullup拔起，竖起，使停下
6.doup梳理头发Herhairwasinaveryfunnyway.
捆扎Thepresentswereallinredpaper.
扣好衣服You’vethewrongway.
7.hesitate犹豫，踌躇Hewhattodonext.
Hethechoicebetweenthetwodresses.
Hetakesuchabigrisk.
8.turnsthinsideout找遍
9.lookatherselfinthemirror对着镜子看
10.takeasecondlookatsb再看一眼
二．Sentences.
1.Threetimesshecounted.
2.Manyhappyhourshadshespent,planningforsomethingniceforhim.（倒装）
Muchwouldshesaywhenherhusbandsetoff.
Ahorriblemessyouhavemadeofit.
Step3ReadingaloudReadaloudthesephrases.
Period4.IntegratingSkills
Teachingaims:
1.getthegeneralideaofthestorytobecontinued
2.usefulphrasesandexpressions
Step1.Revision
Haveabriefrevisionofalltenses.
Step2.Reading
Tellthestudentstoanswerthefollowingquestions.
Post-reading:
1.HowdidDellaexpectJimtoreactwhenhesawher?
2.pleasedescribeJim’sfeelingsthemomenthesawDella.
3.WhydidDellaburstintotearswhensheopenedthepackage?
Summary
JimalsolovesDellaverymuchandwantstosurpriseherwithabeautifulgift.Heknowsthatshewouldbehappyifhewouldbuythebeautifultortoiseshellcombswhichshelongsfor.ButJimdoesn’thaveanymoney,either.So,inordertobuyDellathepresent,hedecidestosellhismostpreciouspossession,hisgoldwatch.BothJimandDellaloveeachothersomuchthattheysacrificethepossessiontheylovemosttobuyapresentforeachother.Thestoryends,ofcourse,withagreatdisappointmentforbothofthem.DellahasboughtawatchchainforJim’swatch,butJimhassoldhiswatchtobuyherapresent.AndJimhasboughtDellathecombsshewantedtoputinherlonghair,butshenolongerhasthathair.
Tellthestudentstoreadaloudthesummaryandaskthemtorecite.
Languagepoints:
1.burdenburdensbwithsth.使……负起重担
Peopleinthatcountryareburdenedwithheavytaxation.
Idon’twanttobeaburdentoyou.
3.befixedonsb/sth=fixone’seyeson/uponsb
Thousandsofeyeswerefixedonhim.
4.read=understand
readanexpression/athought/instructions/ariddle
Ifyoucanreadthisriddle,Iwillgiveyouapresent.
5.not…nor….
Iwillnotdoit,considerit.
Thejobcannotbedonebyyou,norbyme,norbyanyoneelse.
6.bepreparedfor
7.livethrough活下Thedoctorsaidhehadlittlechancetolivethroughthenight
经历Shewasamongthefewwhomanagedtolivethroughtheenemyprisoncamp.
8.breakoutintearsandcries泪流满面地哭泣
9.withjewelsontheedges镶着珠宝
10.hugsbtoone’sbreast紧紧地抱在怀里11.atlength
12.Thedullpreciousmetalseemedtoflash,asifreflectingherbrightspirit.
Step3.HomeworkAskthestudentstoreciteallthephrases.
Unit10 Americanliterature?
一名优秀的教师在每次教学前有自己的事先计划，作为教师就要在上课前做好适合自己的教案。教案可以让学生更好的吸收课堂上所讲的知识点，帮助教师提高自己的教学质量。写好一份优质的教案要怎么做呢？以下是小编为大家收集的“Unit10 Americanliterature?”希望对您的工作和生活有所帮助。
Unit10 Americanliterature?
Ⅰ.BriefStatementsBasedontheUnit?
Mostofushaveheardofsomeworld-famouswriterssuchasMarkTwain,JackLondon,ErnestHemingway.Someoftheirworksarewell-knownintheworld.ThetopicofthisunitisaboutAmericanliterature.Warmingupgetsstudentstoknowwhatapoemdescribesandwhatitmeans.Inspeaking,studentsareaskedtotalkaboutsomeAmericanwritersandtheirworksPre-readingandPost-readinggetstudentstopractisehowtopredictastoryandhowtodescribeastory.ReadingtellsusalovestorywrittenbyAmericanwriterO.Henry.Asforintegratingskills,teachershouldnotonlytrainthestudents’readingability,butalsohelpthemlearntowriteabookreview.?
IntheaspectofLanguageStudy,teachertrainsStudents’abilitytousesomekeywordsandphrases.Teacheralsohelpsstudentstoreviewalltheverbtenses.Listeninghelpsstudentslearntograspthedetailedinformationoftheclubactivitiesthatsomestudentsorganise.?
Ⅱ.TeachingGoals?
1.TalkaboutAmericanliterature.?
2.Practisepredictinganddescribingwhatastorymightbeabout.?
3.Reviewalltheverbtenses.?
4.Writeabookreview.?
Ⅲ.BackgroundInformation?
1.AlexHaley?
AlexHaleywasborninthenortheastofNewYorkin1921,buthespentmostofhisearlylifewithhismother’sfamilyinsouthernTennessee.Hisgrandmothertoldhimstoriesabouttheirfamily.Theirhistory,shesaid,beganwithToby.HewasaslavefromAfricaandhisnamewasKunta.?
AlexHaleywenttoschoolandthentocollege.In1939,hejoinedtheUScoastguard.AshewasaBlack,hisjobwastowaitontablesandwasheddishes.Inhissparetime,helearnedtowritestories.Heservedinthecoastguardfor20years.Afterheretiredheputallhistimeintowriting.?
AlexHaleyrememberedthestorieshisgrandmotherhadtoldhim.Hebegantostudyhisfamilystory:Afteralotofresearch,HaleydecidedthatTobyprobablywasKuntaKintefortheWestAfricanMandingopeople.KuntaKintewascaughtnearthevillageofJuffureontheGambiaRiver.HewassoldasaslaveinAnnapolis,Marylandin1707.ThenHaleymadeatriptoGambiaandtalkedwithahistoryexpertinJuffure.TheAfricahistorianmadehisconclusionstronger.?
AlexHaleywantedtotellexperiencesoftheBlackpeoplein18th-and-19thcenturyAmerica.Hespent10yearsresearchingandwritinghisfamilystoryforthebookRoots.Itwaspublishedin1976.Itwasaspecial“PulitzerPrize”.Afewyearslater,afilmseriesbasedonHaley’sbookwasshownonAmericantelevision.?
2.MarkTwain?
SamuelLanghorneClemens(pennameMarkTwain)wasbornonNovember30,1835inFlorida,Missouri.Twainisconsideredthegreatesthumoristofthe19thcenturyAmericanliterature.HisnovelsandstoriesabouttheMississippiRiver:TheAdventuresofTomSawyer(《汤姆索亚历险记》)（1876）andTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(《哈克贝利费恩历险记》)(1894)arestillpopularwithmodernreaders.?
In1839theClemensfamilymovedtoHannibal,Missouri,ontheMississippiRiverwhereyoungSamexperiencedtheexcitementandcolorfulsightsofthewaterfront.Likemanyauthorsofhisdayhehadlittleformaleducation.Hiseducationcamefromtheprintshopsandnewspaperofficeswhereheworkedasayouth.In1853ClemensleftHannibalwithayearning(渴望)totravel.OnatriptoNewOrleanshepersuadedariverboatpilottoteachhimhisskill.Bythespringof1859Clemenswasalicensedriverboatpilot.?
AttheoutbreakoftheAmericanCivilWar(1861)ClemenschosenottogetinvolvedandmovedtoCarsonCity,Nevada.AfteranunsuccessfulattemptatgoldandsilvermininghejoinedthestaffofanewspaperinVirginiaCity,Nevada.Hefirstwroteunderthepenname“MarkTwain”(meaning“twofathoms(英寻)”inriverboat-talk)in1836.“Twain”wrotehisfirstpopularstory,TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty(《卡拉维拉县有名的跳蛙》)in1865.?
Hecontinuedtotravelasacorrespondentforvariousnewspapers,andin1869histravellettersfromEuropewerecollectedintothepopularbook,TheInnocentsAbroad（《傻子国外旅行记》）.EncouragedbyhissuccessTwainmarriedOliviaLangdonandsettleddowninHartford,Connecticuttohismostproductiveyearsasawriter.Between1873and1889hewrotesevennovelsincludinghisMississippiRiverbooksaswellasThePrinceandthePauper（《王子和贫儿》）（1882）.?
AsTwain’slifeandcareerprogressedhebecameincreasinglypessimistic(悲观的)，losingmuchofthehumorous,cocky(趾高气扬的)toneofhisearlieryears.Moreandmoreofhisworksexperssedthegloomy(忧伤的；沮丧的)viewthatallhumanmotives(动机)areultimatelyselfish.EvensoTwainisbestrememberedasahumoristwhousedhissharpwitandcomicexaggerationtoattackthefalseprideandself-importancehesawinhumanity.?
Ⅳ.TeachingTime:Fiveperiods?
TheFirstPeriod?
TeachingAims:?
1.Learnandmasterthefollowingwords:garbage,maid,prince,outcome?
2.Dosomelistening.?
3.DosomespeakingtotalkaboutAmericanliterature.?
TeachingImportantPoints:?
1.Improvethestudents’listeningability.?
2.Improvethestudents’speakingabilitybydiscussion,talksandsoon.?
TeachingDifficultPoints:?
1.Howtoimprovethestudents’listeningability.?
2.Howtofinishthetaskofspeaking.?
TeachingMethods:?
1.Listening-and-answeringactivtytohelpthestudentsgothroughwiththelisteningmaterial.?
2.Individualworkandgroupworktomakeeverystudentworkinclass.?
TeachingAids:?
1.ataperecorder?
2.acomputerformultimediause?
TeachingProcedures:?
StepⅠGreetings
Greetthewholeclassasusual.?
StepⅡWarmingupandLead-in
T:Doyoulikereadingstoriesandnovels??
Ss:Yes.?
T:Ithinkmostofyouarefondofliterature.IthinkyoumustbefamiliarwithChineseliterature.ButareyouinterestedinAmericanliterature?Perhapssomeofyouhaveahobbyofreadingnovelsorotherworkswrittenbyforeignwriters.Nowlet’sreadthetextwrittenbyRudleyRandall.(Bb:RudleyRandall)Afteryoureadit,I’llaskyoutoanswersomequestions.?
(Teachergivesstudentsafewminutestoreadthetext,thenteachershowsthequestionsonthescreen.)?
1.Whatkindoftextistheoneyouhavejustread??
2.Whatisitaboutandwhatdoesitmean??
3.Canyoutellsomethingaboutthewriter??
4.WhydoesthishavetobeAmericanliterature?Coulditbewrittenbyapoetfromanothercountry??
5.ThinkaboutthehistoryandlifeintheUnitedStates.WhatspecialthemesandsortofstorieswouldyouexpectforAmericanliterature??
T:Who’dliketoanswerthefirstquestion??
S1:Ithinkit’sapoem.?
T:Quiteright.Nowthesecondone,please.?
S2:It’saboutAmericanblacks,Ithink.Inthepoem,theauthorexpresseshisdeepfeelingsforhisancestor,thoughheisaslave.Thepoemremindsusnottoforgetwherewecomefrom.?
T:Youranswersoundsreasonable.Whoisthevolunteertoanswerthethirdquestion??
S3:I’velearntsomethingabouthim.HewasanAmericanpoet.HewasborninWashingtonD.C.in1914.HewasthefounderandchiefeditorofapublishinghouseinDetroit.HewasthemajorpublisherforthepoetryofAmericanblacks.TheBurningCitywasoneofhispoetryselections.(Bb:TheBurningCity)?
T:Verygood.Nowthefourthquestion.Who’dliketoanswerit??
S4:Thepoemtalksabout“Slavetraders”.ThathassomethingtodowithAmericanBlacks.Asweknow,AmericanblacksaremostlyslavestakenfromAfricabyslavetraders.Inthetext,theauthorisinpraiseoftheirancestors,whowereslaves.Fromthecontentofthetext,wecanguessitmustbeAmericanliteratureanditcan’tbewrittenbyapoetfromanothercountry.?
T:Youdidverywell.Nowhowaboutthelastquestion??
S5:WeallknowthatAmericaisacountrywhichcontainspeoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.SoAmericanliteraturehasawidevarietyofstyles.ButfromthehistoryofAmerica,wecanguesstheimportantthemesinitsliteratureareNativeAmericans,Pioneers,SlaveryandtheCivilWar,etc.?
T:Youranswersoundsreasonable.?
StepⅢListening
T:Next,let’sdosomelistening.Beforelisteningtothetape,I’dlikeyoutoanswersomequestions.Pleaselookatthescreen.?
1.AreyouamemberofanyclubortakingpartinactivitiesthathelpyoupractiseyourEnglish??
2.DidyouevergotoaSpeakingCorner?Whatwereyourexperiences??
3.WhatotherclubsoractivitiescouldyouthinkoftopractiseEnglishinawaythatmakesfun??
(Teachergivesstudentsawhiletoprepare.)?
T:WangLin,wouldyoupleaseanswerthefirstquestion??
S6:Yes.I’mamemberofEnglishCorner,whichisaclubforustopractiseEnglish.Ioftentakepartintheactivitiesinit.IthinkitisveryhelpfulformyspokenEnglish.?
T:NowonderyourspokenEnglishissogood.Now,LiXiang,didyouevergotoaSpeakingCorner?Whatwereyourexperiences??
S7:I’msorry.Iseldomgothere.IonlywentthereseveraltimeslastweekbecauseIcouldn’tunderstandotherswhentheyspeakeverythinginEnglish.?
T:IadviseyoutogotoSpeakingCornermoreoften.Thereisafamoussaying,“Practicemakesperfect.”Ifyouoftengothere,I’msureyoucanimproveyourlisteningabilityandyoucanalsospeakfluentEnglish.Doyouthinkso??
S7:Isee.I’lltrytogotheremoreoftenthisterm.?
T:Now,thethirdquestion.Anyvolunteerstoanswerit??
S8:IthinkwecanpractiseEnglishinotheractivitiessuchasEnglishSummerCamp,EnglishSpeechContest,EnglishShortPlayContest,EnglishDebateContest.?
T:Yourideassoundverygood.NowI’llplaythetapeforyou.Afterlisteningtothetape,youareaskedtoanswerthequestionsonthescreen.You’dbetterreadthemfirst.?
(Showthequestionsonthescreen.)?
1.WhatactivityareBen,AnnandLilyorganising??
2.Whyisthisactivitysuccessful,whileaSpeakingCornerwasnot?Givetworeasons.?
3.WhataretheadvantagesoftheirclubactivitiesaccordingtoAnn,BenandLily??
(Teacherplaysthetapeforthefirsttimeforstudentstogetthegeneralidea.Thenteacherplaysthetapeagainsothatstudentscangetthedetailedinformation.Forsomedetails,teachermaypauseandplaythetapemoretimesuntilstudentscanunderstandthemwell.Afterthat,teacheraskssomestudentstogivetheiranswers.Meanwhile,teachermaycorrectthemistakesifthereareany.)?
StepⅣSpeaking
T:HaveyoueverheardofafamousAmericanwriternamedMarkTwain?(ShowapictureofMarkTwainonthescreen.)Canyousaysomethingabouthim??
s9:OK.MarkTwainwasbornintheearly19thcentury.HisrealnamewasSamuelClemens.“MarkTwain”washispenname.Heiswell-knownintheworldasahumorist,afrontierandaphilosopher.HisfamousworksincludeTheAdventuresofTomSawyer,LifeontheMississippi,JumpingFrogandsoon.?
(Bb:MarkTwain,TheAdventuresofTomSawyer,LifeontheMississippi,JumpingFrog)
T:Perhapsyou’veheardaboutotherAmericanwritersandtheirworks.Nowlookatthescreenandmatchthewriterswiththeirworks.?
(Teacherwritesthefollowingontheblackboardandthenasksastudenttocometotheblackboard.)?
Writers?
1.AlexHaley?
2.ThomasJefferson?
3.HarrietBeecherStowe?
4.HenryWordsworthLongfellow?
5.ErnestHemingway?
6.JackLondon?
Works?
a.TheSlave’sDream?
b.SeaWolf?
c.UncleTom’sCabin?
d.TheDeclarationofIndependence?
e.Roots?
f:TheOldManandtheSea?
Suggestedanswers:1.e 2.d 3.c 4.a?5.f 6.b?
T:Themajorthemesintheliteratureofacountryreflectimportanteventsorperiodsinthehistoryofthatcountry.Therefore,importantthemesinAmericanliteratureareNativeAmericans,PioneersandtheCivilWar,andtherelationsbetweenAmericaandEurope.Nowchooseonethemeanddiscusswhattypeofstoryyouwouldliketoread.Youcanusethequestionsonthescreentohelpyou.?
(Teachershowsthefollowingonthescreen.)?
1.Whatwouldbeaninterestingstory??
2.Whatwouldbeanexcitingplot??
3.Whatcharacterswouldlikelyappearinit??
4.Whatwouldthecharactersbelike??
5.Wherewouldthestorytakeplace??
6.Whenwouldthestorytakeplace??
7.Wouldyouliketoreadastoryoranovel??
8.Doyouwanttoreadforpleasureorforschool??
(Teacherasksstudentstoworkinpairsandletsthemhavediscussions.Afewminuteslater,teacherasksstudentstopresenttheoutcomeoftheirdiscussiontotheclass.)?
T:Areyouready??
Ss:Yes.?
T:OK.I’llasksomestudentstopresenttheoutcomeofyourdiscussiontotheclass.WangBin,willyoupleasetry??
S10:I’mgladto.Iliketoreadbothstoriesandnovels.Ireadstoriesforschoolandnovelsforpleasure.Ithinkaninterestingstoryshouldhaveanexcitingplot.Asweknow,aplotisaplanoroutlineoftheeventsinthestoryofaplayornovel.Onlywhenastoryhasanexcitingplotcanitattractreaders.Forexample,I’vereadsomeworksofMarkTwain.“TheAdventuresofTomSawyer”isoneofthem.ItdescribesaboynamedTomSawyer,wholiveswithhisyoungerbrotheraidandAuntPollyinaremotetownonthebanksoftheMississippiRiver.Sidisa“model”boy.Heisobedient,demureandsneaky.ButTomisquitetheoppositeofhisbrother.Hedisobeyesthecruelandunjustteacher,MrDobbinsandisbusywithoutsidemattersatthelessons.OnenightTomSawyer,togetherwithhisfriendHuckFinn,hasanadventureandfinallybecomesrich.?
T:Welldone!Now,ZhangLi,you,please.?
S11:I’dliketo....?
StepⅤSummaryandHomework
T:Inthisperiodwe’vetalkedaboutsomethingaboutAmericanliterature.WehaveknownmoreaboutAmericanwritersandtheirworks.We’vealsodonesomelistening.Afterclass,rememberallthenewwordswelearntinthisclassandpreviewthenextthreeparts:Pre-readingReadingandPost-reading.OK.Somuchfortoday.Classisover.
StepⅥTheDesignoftheWritingonthe?
Blackboard
Unit10 Americanliterature?
TheFirstPeriod?
DudleyRandall TheBurningCity?
MarkTwain?
Works?
StepⅦRecordafterTeaching
____________________________________
Unit10Americanliterature(Grammar)
语法指南
Step1复习各种时态
英语中不同时间发生的动作要用不同的动词形式来表示，这就是动词的时态，英语动词共有十六种时态，现将常用的几种归纳如下：
▲一般现在时
一般现在时可用来表示普遍真理或客观事实。如：
Lightgoesfasterthansound．光比声音传播速度快。
Twoplusthreeisfive．二加三等于五。
Theearthmovesaroundthesunwhilethemoonmovesaroundtheearth．
地球绕着太阳转而月亮绕着地球转。
▲经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态
Americaisgrowingoldertoday．10outofevery100Americansareover65．
美国是一个人口正趋于老化的国家，每一百个美国人中就有十人年龄超过六十五岁。
Tomgetsupat6:00andgoestoschoolat7:30everymorning．
汤姆每天早上六点起床，七点半上学。
Suzhouisabeautifulcity．苏州是一座美丽的城市。
▲表示现在时刻发生的动作或存在的状态。
HerecomesMrWang．王先生来了。
Whattimeisitnow？现在几点？
Now，look，Iopenthedoor．你瞧我现在开门。
▲表示计划、安排好的将来的动作。如：
IleaveforShanghainextTuesday.我下周二去上海。
HisbirthdayfallsonMay4．五月四日是他生日。
Theyattackatmidnight．他们定于午夜发起进攻。
▲在时间、条件从句中，用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如：
Ifitrainstomorrow，we’llhavetostayathome．如果明天下雨，我们只得呆在家里。
I’lltenhimthenewsassoonashecomeshack．他一回来我就告诉他这个消息。
▲舞台动作说明、运动解说、剧情介绍等。如：
SmithpassestoTom，TomtoJack，JacktoSimons，niceball——andSmithshoots．
史密斯传给汤姆，汤姆传给杰克，杰克传给西蒙，好球！——史密斯射门。
ShylockadvancestowardAntonioandpreparestousehisknife．
夏洛克向安东尼奥走去，准备动刀了。
▲一般过去时
表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如：
Iusedtogotoschoolearly．我过去总是很早去学校。
EverymorningItookawalkwhenIlivedinthecountry．我住在乡间时，每天早上都去散步。
▲过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如：
Wherewereyouyesterday？昨天你在哪里？
ImetAliceinthestreetbutwedidn’tstoptotalk．
我在街上遇到了艾丽丝，但我们没有停下来聊天。
Didyouenjoythefilm？你喜欢那部电影吗？
▲在口语中，一般过去时可用来代替一般现在时，表示婉转的语气。如：
Iwonderifyoucouldhelpme．不知你能否帮我个忙。
Didyouwishtoseeme？你要找我吗？
▲在时间、条件从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来发生的事。如：
TheysaidtheywouldallleaveifMikestayed．他们说如果迈克留下，他们就都走。
MotherpromisedtobuyabikeforTomifhepassedtheexam．
母亲答应如果汤姆考试及格就给他买辆自行车。
▲一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态。如：
Youwillgetwetifyougooutwithoutanumbrella．你出门不带伞会被淋湿的。
Hewillbesixteenyearsoldnextmonth．下月他就满十六岁了。
IamsorryIshallnotbefreetomorrowmorning．对不起，明天上午我没空。
▲begoingto表示现在打算在最近或将来要做的事，或表示说话人根据已有迹象推断可能要发生的事。如：
WearegoingtohaveanEnglisheveningtonight．今晚我们准备开个英语晚会。
Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain．看上去天要下雨了。
Ithinkheisgoingtoleavesoon．我认为他很快就会离开。
▲be＋不定式，表示按计划安排要发生的事，或用来征求对方意见。如：
ThereistobeapartyonSaturdayevening．星期六晚上有个聚会。
AmItogoonwiththework？这工作我还继续干下去吗？
IamtomeetMrSmithateleventhismorning．我要在今天上午十一点钟见史密斯先生。
▲beabout＋不定式，表示即将发生……，意为“即将”“正要”。如：
Let’shurry.Themeetingisabouttobegin．让我们快点，会议就要开始了。
TheSmithsareabouttostartonajourney．史密斯一家就要去旅行了。
beabout＋不定式表示马上就要进行的动作，故在句中与表示具体的将来时间连用，但可以和as或when引导的时间状语从句连用。如：
AsIcame，shawasabouttogotothecinema．我到时，她要去电影院了。
WhenIreachedhome，Motherwasabouttogoshopping．我到家时，母亲准备出去购物。
will和begoingto都可表示意愿，但前者多表示决心、意志；而后者表示经过考虑后的打算。请比较：
Heisstudyinghardandisgoingtotakethecollegeentranceexams．他正努力学习，正准备考大学。
Theywillgotheirownwayinspiteofthedifficulties．不管有多少困难，他们都决心走自己的路。
will可用于条件句中表示意愿，这时will是情态动词。
Ifshe’lllistentome，I’llgivehersomeadvice．如果她愿意听我说，我会给她一些劝告。
上句中用在条件句中的will表示意愿，不是表示单纯的将来，但begoingto可用于条件句中表示单纯的将来。如：
Ifyouaregoingtovisitthemuseumnextweek，pleasetakeHelenalong．
如果下周你去参观那个博物馆，请带上海伦一起去。
一般将来时还可以表示一种倾向或一种固有的特性。如：
Alllivingthingswilldiewithoutairandwater．没有空气和水，所有的生物都将死亡。
Waterwillboilifheatedto100℃．水如果被加热到摄氏一百度就会沸腾。
▲过去将来时
表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作，主要用在宾语从句中。如：
JacksaidhewouldgotoHawaiifortheholiday．杰克说他将去夏威夷度假。
IaskedifhewouldcomeandrepairmyTVset．我问他是否可以来给我修理电视机。
Ithoughtitwouldrain，andsureenoughitdid．我想会下雨，果然下了。
从过去某一时间来看将要发生的事，还可以用were／wasgoingtodo或were／wastodo或was／wereabouttodo来表示。如：
Hesaidhewasgoingtotry．他说他准备试一试。
Iwasabouttogowhenafrienddroppedin．我正要出门，来了一个朋友。
ShewastomeetKurtatanappointedplaceonthestreet．她将和库尔特在街上约定的地方见面。
was／were＋不定式的完成式表示本来打算做某事，而后来没有做。如：
IwastohaveseenhimlastSundaybuthedidnotcome．我本打算上星期天和他见面的，但他没有来。
IwastohavetoldyouaboutitbutIdidn’thavetimetocomeover．
我本来要告诉你的，但我没有时间过来。
▲现在进行时
表示正在进行的动作。如：
Thetelephoneisringing．Wouldyouanswerit？电话铃响了，请你接一下，好吗？
Theyaremakingpreparationsforit．他们正在做准备工作。
▲表示现阶段正在进行，而此刻不一定在进行的动作。如：
HeisstudyingEnglishandteachingChinese．他在学习英语，又在教汉语。
ProfessorSmithistranslatinganovelthesedays．这些天史密斯教授正在翻译一本小说。
▲有些表示“变化、移动”概念的动词，它们的现在进行时表示将要发生的动作，类似动词有go，start，arrive，return等等。如：
AreyouleavingforShanghaitomorrow？明天你去上海吗？
Howmanyofyouarecomingtotheparty？你们有多少人来参加聚会？
▲现在进行时态与always，forever，constantly，continually等副词连用时，表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，并且含有某种感情色彩，如赞叹、厌恶等。如：
Heisalwaysmakingsillymistake．他总是犯愚蠢的错误。
Youarealwaysinterruptingme！你老打断我的话。
Sheisalwaysthinkingofherwork．她老想到她的工作。
HeiscontinuallyremindingmeofwhatIowehim．他老提起我欠他钱的事。
▲过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。如：
TomwaswatchingTVwhenIcamein．我进来时，汤姆正在看电视。
Shewasthenworkinginanarmyhospital．那时她在一家陆军医院工作。
Atthattimehewasworkinginalaboratory．那时他在一家实验室工作。
Duringthesummerof2003shewastravellinginEurope．2003年夏天她在欧州旅行。
▲和现在进行时一样，某些动词如come，go，leave，stay等的过去进行时表示过去将来的动作。如：
Shetoldmeshewassendingmesomenewstampssoon．她告诉我，不久她就会给我寄几张新邮票来。
Sheknewtheplanewastakingoffinfiveminutes．她知道飞机五分钟后就要起飞了。
▲和现在进行时一样，过去进行时与always，forever，continually，constantly，frequently连用时，表示过去的经常性、习惯性动作，并带说话者的某种感情，如赞美、厌恶等。如：
Thetwobrotherswerefrequentlyquarrelling.这俩兄弟老是吵架。
Hewasalwayscomplainingaboutsomething．他老是怨这怨那。
Shewascontinuallyaskingquestions．她老是提问题。
过去进行时与一般过去时的区别，前者表示一个正在进行的尚未完成的动作，而后者表示一个业已完成的动作。如：
Shewaswritingletters．Ididn’twanttodisturbher．她在写信，我不想打扰她。
Shewroteseverallettersandaskedmetopostthem．她写了几封信让我寄出去。
Itwasrainingthismorning．今天早晨一直在下雨。
Itrainedthismorning．今天早晨下雨了。
动词hope，think，wonder的过去进行时并非指过去，而是指现在，表示谦虚，有礼貌的询问或建议。如：
Iwaswonderingwhetheryou’dliketogowithme．我不知道你是否愿意和我一起去。
Iwashopingwecouldhavedinnertotogether．我希望我们能在一起吃饭。
▲将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某段时间内进行的动作。如：
Don’tphonemebetween7and8p.m．We’llbehavingdinnerthen．
七、八点钟之间别来电话，那时我们正在吃晚饭。
Atthistimetomorrow，I’llbetakingatest．明天这时我会在考试。
Aweekfromtoday，we’llbeflyinghome．一星期之后我们就乘坐飞机回家了。
▲将来进行时还可用来表示安排要做的事。如：
We’llbespendingthewinterinAustralia．我们将在澳大利亚过冬。
ProfessorBlakewinbegivingalectureonAmericanLiteraturetomorrowevening．
布莱克教授明晚将作一个关于美国文学的报告。
将来进行时比一般将来时语气委婉客气。如：
Whenyoupaybackthemoney？（不太客气）
Whenyoubepayingbackthemoney？（比较委婉）
▲现在完成时
表示发生在过去或已经完成了的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，换言之动作已发生在过去，着重的是对现在的影响。如：
HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall？你过去长城吗？
Ihaveforgottenhertelephonenumber．我忘了她的电话号码了。
We’venotbeentothecinemarecently．我们最近没去看电影。
▲表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。如：
Hehasworkedasananimaltrainerformanyyears.他当了好几年的训兽师。
I’vewaitedaweekforyouranswer．等你的答复我等了一个星期。
▲用于时间或条件从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。如：
Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped．等车停了再下车。
We’llstartatthreeo’clockifithasstoppedrainingbythen．
我们将在三点钟动身，如果那时雨停了的话。
现在完成时和一般过去时的比较：
这两个时态虽都表示过去发生的事，但着眼点不一样，现在完成时是要说明过去的动作对现在的影响，而一般过去时只是单纯的谈过去的动作或状态本身，不与现在相联系。如：
“Comeandhavebreakfastwithus．”“Thankyou．I’vejusthadit．”
“来跟我们一块儿吃早饭吧。”“谢谢，我已吃过了。”（饱了，吃不下了）
Ihadmybreakfastinthedininghall．我在饭厅吃的早饭。（仅说明吃饭这个事实）
I’vechosensomeCDsfortheparty．我为晚会选了几张唱盘。（可以在晚会上听了）
Ichosesomenovelsandboughtthem．我挑了几本小说买下了。（没说明与现在的联系）
Ihaveseenhim．我见过他了。
Isawhimyesterday．我昨天见到他了。
▲现在完成进行时
表示一个由过去某时起一直持续的动作，这个动作可能刚停止，也可能还在继续。如：
Thereyouare！I’vebeenwaitingfortwohours！
你到底来了，我等你等了二个小时了！
Sheisverytired．She’sbeenworkingthewholemorning．她很累，她干了一个上午了。
Ithasbeenraining，butithasjuststoppednow．天一直下雨，刚停。
▲有时现在完成进行时不是指某动作一直在不停地进行，而是表示一直到说话时的一段时间内一直重复的动作，常常有感情色彩。如：
Hehasbeencallingonherseveraltimesthisweek．他这个星期几次来看她。
We’vebeenhavingalotofrainrecently．最近雨水很多。
▲有时现在完成进行时表示“刚才”或“近来”发生的动作，也就表示直到说话时为止的一段时间内发生的动作。这一动作到说话时已经结束，而且不再继续下去。这种用法主要表示某一动作所产生的结果或对现在的影响。如：
Youhavebeencleaningtheclassroom．Ithink．
我想你刚才在打扫教室吧！（言外之意：Yourclothesarecoveredwithdust．）
Theboyhasbeenplayingwithtoys．
那男孩一直在玩玩具。（言外之意：Therearetoyshareandthereonthenoor．）
Hereyesarered．Shehasbeencrying．她眼睛红了，她一直在哭。
现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较：
这两个动作都表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”的动作，有时可换用，但现在完成时着重动作的结果，而现在完成进行时着重表示动作的未完成，强调动作的持续性。如：
Ihavebeenreadingthebook．
我一直在读这本书。（强调动作的持续性）
Ihavereadthebook．我读过这本书了。（强调动作的结果）
Whohasbeendrinkmywine？谁喝了我的酒？（已喝掉）
Whohasbeendrinkingmywine？谁喝我的酒来着？（被喝掉一些）
不用进行时态的动词。感官动词等不可用现在完成时或进行时，但可用其现在完成时。如：
IhaveknownhimsinceIwasachild．我从孩子时起就认识他了。
Ihaven’tseenhimforalongtime．我很久没见过他了。
▲过去完成时
表示在过去某时间之前已经发生或存在的状态。
WhenIrang，Maryhadalreadygonetowork．我打电话时玛丽已经上班了。
Bydusk，thenewshadspreadthroughthetown．到黄昏，消息已传遍全镇。
Theroomwasdirty．Ihadn’tcleaneditforweeks．房间很脏，我已几个星期没打扫了。
▲过去完成时还可表示过去某一时间发生的动作或状态一直延续到某个时候，并可能继续下去，常用for或since或by引导时间状语。如：
Shehadlivedinthesouthforthreeyearsbeforeshecamehere．她来这儿之前，在南方住了三年。
Bytheendoflastmonth，Ihadstudiedinthecollegefortwoyears．
到上月底，我在这所学院已学习两年了。
表示过去的两个动作紧接着发生，可不用过去完成时，而用一般过去时，常见于assoonas，before，after，immediately，instantly，themoment等引导的带有时间状语从句的复合句中。如：
IlovedyouthemomentIsawyou．我一见到你就爱上你了。
Immediatelysheentered，hiseyeslitup．她一进来他的眼睛就亮了起来。
DirectlyIwalkedinthedoorIsmeltsmoke．我一进门就闻到烟味。
某些表示意愿、希望、打算、意图等的动词，其过去完成时表示本打算做而未做的事，这些动词是：think，suppose，plan，want，intend，mean等。
IhadhopedtosendhimaChristmascard,butIforgottodoso．
我本来希望寄一张圣诞卡给他的，但我忘了寄了。
Wehadthoughttoreturnearlybuthewouldn’tletusgo．我们本想早点回来的，但他们不让我们走。
Shehadintendedtospeak，buttimedidnotpermit．她本想发言，可时间不允许。
▲过去完成进行时
表示从过去某时开始，一直持续到过去的那个时刻的动作，该动作可能刚结束，也可能还要继续。如：
Ihadbeenwaitingintheroomforhalfanhourbeforeshecalledmein.
在她喊我进去之前，我已经在房间里等了半个小时。
Shewasoutofbreath．Shehadbeenrunning．她气喘吁吁。她一直在跑来着。
Janewasannoyed．Peterhadbeenphoninghereverynight．简很不高兴，彼得每晚给她打电话。
请注意过去完成进行时与过去进行时的区别：
LastnightIwasreadinganovelwhenthebellrang．昨晚铃响时，我正在读一本小说。（当时正在读）
LastnightIhadbeenreadinganovelwhenthebellrang．到昨晚铃响时，我一直在读一本小说。（一直在读）
请注意过去完成进行时或现在完成进行时的区别：前者表示到过去某个时刻还在进行，后者表示到现在还在进行。试比较：
Hehadbeensmokingfortwentyyearswhenhedecidedtogiveitup．
当他决定戒烟时，他已有二十年的烟龄了。
Hehasbeensmokingfortwentyyears．他已有二十年的烟龄了。（到现在为止）
请注意过去完成进行时与过去完成时的区别：前者表示到过去某时为止动作一直在持续，未必完成，而后者表示动作已完成。试比较：
Shesaidshehadbeenwritinghercomposition．她说她一直在写作文。（可能尚未完成）
Shesaidshehadwrittenhercomposition．她说她的作文已写完了。（已完成）
▲将来完成时
表示将来某个时间之前已经完成的动作。如：
I’msurehewillhavesettledtheproblembeforeyouarrivethere．
我相信在你到那儿之前，这个问题他已经解决了。
OnMondayhe’llhavebeeninAmericaforthreeyears．到星期一，他在美国就满三年了。
Thefilmwillhavestartedbythetimewegettothecinema．我们到电影院时电影已开始。’
Byteno’clockthisevening，Ishallhavereviewedlessons．到今晚十点钟，我将复习完功课了。
［语法专项训练］
1.ThisexerciseiseasyandcoversthemainverbtensesandcanbedoneontheInternet,whichinteresttheSs.
Bytheendoftheyear,she___withadegreeinbusiness.
alreadygraduates
willhavealreadygraduated
hasalreadygraduated
Answerb
AssoonasI___home,itstartedtorainheavily.
get
got
willhavegotten
Answerb
We___thechancetovisitmanymuseumsinParislastvacation.
had
hadhad
havehad
Answera
I___onthisprojectfordayswithoutsuccess.
havebeenworked
havebeenworking
hadbeingworked
Answerb
Dontworry.She___byherself.
isusedtoliving
isusedtolive
usedtoliving
Answera
I___harduntilIpasstheTOEFL.
willstudy
study
havestudied
Answera
Nextmonthwe___our5thweddinganniversary.
willbecelebrated
willhavebeencelebrating
willbecelebrating
Answerc
Ifyou___it,giveitago.
didnttry
haventtried
hadnttried
Answerb
IwishI___amillionairesoIcouldtravelallovertheworld.
was
hadbeen
were
Answerc
He___toclassthismorningbecausehewassick.
didntcome
hadntcome
hasntcome
Answera
He___itonpurpose.
deniedhavingdone
deniedhavedone
denieddone
Answera
Children___tofreeeducation.
shouldentitle
shouldbeentitled
shouldtobeentitled
Answerb
___aUFO?
Didyoueversee
Doyoueversee
Haveyoueverseen
Answerc
WheneverI___talktomyboss,Igetbutterfliesinmystomach.
hadto
willhaveto
haveto
Answerc
They___togetherforfiveyearswhentheydecidedtogetmarried.
hadbeen
havebeen
were
Answera
Whilethereporter___thepoliceman,therobberescaped.
interviewing
wasinterviewing
hadbeeninterviewing
Answerb
She___extremelyquietsinceherhusbanddied.
is
hasbeen
was
Answerb
Ifhe___withhisgirlfriend,he___now.
hadntbrokenup/wouldntbesuffering
hadntbrokenup/wouldntsuffer
didntbreakup/wouldntbesuffering
Answera
2.Completesentencesandapassage.Getthestudentstodosomeexercisesforconsolidation.P87-88
Trytocorrecteachother’sanswersinpairsfirstandthengivethemthecorrectanswers.
Step2Summaryandhomework
Todaywehavereviewedeightkindsofverbtenses.(Writethemontheblackboard.)Andwehavealsodonesomeexercisestoconsolidatethem.Afterclass,youneedtodomoreexercisesandtrytoreadagrammarbookaboutverbtensestomasterthembetter.
Homework:
P220-221Ex1-2
Anexerciseaboutverbtenses(近几年高考题)
Unit10Americanliterature(phrases)
词组:
1.attendto
attendvt.1)出席，参加
Althoughhewasstillnotwell,theboyinsistedonattendingclass.
虽然这男孩身体还没有好，他还是坚持去上课。
Ineedtodressupalittletoattendmyfriend’swedding.
我得稍稍打扮一下去出席我朋友的婚礼。
2)看护，治疗，照顾
Therewasnoonetoattendhimbuthisniece.
除了他的侄女没人照顾他。
3）伴随
Dangerattendedeverythinghedid.
他做的一切都有危险。
Maygoodluckattendyou!
祝你好运！
attendto
1.)处理，办理
Heofferedtogooutandattendtothematters
他提出出去处理这些事情。
2.)关心;照料;接待
Ifyougoout,whowillattendtothebaby?
假如你出去的话，谁来照看孩子呢？
3）注意倾听
Youmustattendtotheinstructionsbeforeyoucanusethecomputer.
你必须注意听这些说明才会用这台电脑。
Attendsb=attendtosb=attendonsb
There__B____twoexpertsdoctors______thewoundedsoldier.
Aissaidtobe;attendingtoBaresaidtobe;attendingon
Csayingto;attendtoDtosaytohave;toattendon
句意:________________________________________________
2.takepridein
priden.自负；骄傲;自尊（心）;自豪
Sheshowedushernewhomewithgreatpride.
她非常得意地给我们看她的新家。
Pridegoesbeforeafall./Pridewillhaveafall.(谚).骄者必败。
woundapersonspride.伤害一个人的自尊心
haveaprideinonesson.为自己的儿子感到自豪
takepridein(=beproudof)对。。。。感到自豪
prideoneselfonsth/doingsth以。。。自豪；对。。。。感到自豪
beproudtodosth对做某事感到自豪
beproudthat-clause对…..自豪
dosomeoneproud给某人面子
做:Theyoungladyknows.Sheiswrongbutistoo_A__toadmitit.
AprideBproudCconceitDmodest.
句意:________________________________________________
Theboyissosmartthathisparentstake__B_____him.
AproudofBprideinCprideofDProudin
句意:________________________________________________
3.doup
1)扣（纽扣）
Doupyourcoatandhurry.
把你的衣服扣上，快点！
Thisdressdoesupattheback.
这条连衣裙扣子在后面。
2)整理（房间）
Let’sdouptheroomfirst.
我们先整理房间。
3)包，扎（包裹）,捆（东西）
Pleasedothesethingsupforme.
请帮我把这些东西包扎起来。
4)修理
Theroomneedsdoingup.
这房子需要修缮。
5)使穿上
ShewasdoneupinherSundaybest.
她穿着节日盛装。
6)使精疲力尽
Hewasdoneupafterthelongtrip.
长途旅行后他精疲力尽。
拓展:
doawaywith摆脱；废除，取消
dofor照料
doout收拾，打扫；整理
dooutof抢劫；骗走，骗去
doup系上；扣上
dowith（与could,can连用）需要;有关系
havesth.todowith和…有关系
havenothingtodowith和…没有关系
dowithout没有某事物也行
做:Thecityhasdecidedto_A_____smoking.
AgoawaywithBtakeawayCgetawaywithDputaway
句意:________________________________________________
Thegirl’smotheroftenletheB____everymorning.
AdoingherteethBdoherteethCdoteethDdohertooth.
句意:________________________________________________
4．Letdown
letdown扫（某人的）兴；失约
letin让…进来，放…进来
letoff放（炮），投放（炸弹）;（与with连用）宽恕；赦免；从宽处理
leton泄漏（秘密）
letout加宽，放宽（衣服）;放出
letup放松;减弱，停止
letgo放手,放开,释放
letsb/sthalone对……放任不管
做:Thecoatneeds_D___atthewaist.
AtoletoffBlettingoffCtoletinDlettingin
句意:________________________________________________
Heaccidentally__A_____hehadquarreledwithhiswifeandthenhehadn’tbeenhomeforacoupleofweeks.
AletoutBtookcareCmadesureDmadeout
句意:________________________________________________
5.befixedupon→stareat
fixone’seyes/one;sattention/one’smind…….on/upon.
Fixon确定,决定,选定
Fixsbwith瞪视,凝视
Fixatimefor为……定时间
Fixup安顿,安排,修补
Fixupadispute解决事端
Fixupapatient.治愈病人
Practice:
Shewas_A____frightenedthatshecouldnot_____herthoughtsonanything.
A.so;fixB.so;spend
C.such;fixD.such;spend
stareatsb./sth.盯着看，凝视glareat怒视glanceat扫视
Thecat’seyes__B____theholewheretherewasamouse.
AwasfixedonBwerefixedonCfixedonDarefixedon
句意:________________________________________________
They__A_____theyoungdoctortofinishthework.sothatthepatientcan_______.
Afixupon;befixedupBfixup;befixedup.Cfixon;befixedonDfixup;fixup.
句意:________________________________________________
6..atlength
1.)最后,终于
Atlength,webegantounderstandwhatshewanted.
最后,我们总算弄清楚她到底要什么。
2.)详细地
Hetalkedatlengthabouthiswork.
他详细地谈了他的工作。
Atfulllength
Gotogreatlengths
Go(to)alllengths
Go(to)thelengthof
Thefoodwasn’tgood,but_A____itwascheap.
AatleastBatlastCatlength.Datlongest.
句意:________________________________________________
I’mnotgongtosaysorrytohim.___D______Iwon’ttoday.
AAtfirstBAtlastCAtmostDAtleast.
句意:________________________________________________
ourhostesswent__D_____tomakesurewewerecomfortable.
AtogreatpainBgreattroubleCallherwayDtogreatlengths
句意:________________________________________________
