ThereisapopularstorythatNewtonwassittingunderanappletree,anapplefellonhishead,andhesuddenlythoughtoftheUniversalLawofGravitation.Asinallsuchlegends,thisisalmostcertainlynottrueinitsdetails,butthestorycontainselementsofwhatactuallyhappened.

WhatReallyHappenedwiththeApple?

ProbablythemorecorrectversionofthestoryisthatNewton,uponobservinganapplefallfromatree,begantothinkalongthefollowinglines:Theappleisaccelerated,sinceitsvelocitychangesfromzeroasitishangingonthetreeandmovestowardtheground.Thus,byNewtons2ndLawtheremustbeaforcethatactsontheappletocausethisacceleration.Letscallthisforce"gravity",andtheassociatedaccelerationthe"acclerationduetogravity".Thenimaginetheappletreeistwiceashigh.Again,weexpecttheappletobeacceleratedtowardtheground,sothissuggeststhatthisforcethatwecallgravityreachestothetopofthetallestappletree.SirIsaacsMostExcellentIdea

NowcameNewtonstrulybrilliantinsight:iftheforceofgravityreachestothetopofthehighesttree,mightitnotreachevenfurther;inparticular,mightitnotreachallthewaytotheorbitoftheMoon!Then,theorbitoftheMoonabouttheEarthcouldbeaconsequenceofthegravitationalforce,becausetheaccelerationduetogravitycouldchangethevelocityoftheMooninjustsuchawaythatitfollowedanorbitaroundtheearth.Thiscanbeillustratedwiththethoughtexperimentshowninthefollowingfigure.Supposewefireacannonhorizontallyfromahighmountain;theprojectilewilleventuallyfalltoearth,asindicatedbytheshortesttrajectoryinthefigure,becauseofthegravitationalforcedirectedtowardthecenteroftheEarthandtheassociatedacceleration.(Rememberthatanaccelerationisachangeinvelocityandthatvelocityisavector,soithasbothamagnitudeandadirection.Thus,anaccelerationoccursifeitherorboththemagnitudeandthedirectionofthevelocitychange.)

Butasweincreasethemuzzlevelocityforourimaginarycannon,theprojectilewilltravelfurtherandfurtherbeforereturningtoearth.Finally,Newtonreasonedthatifthecannonprojectedthecannonballwithexactlytherightvelocity,theprojectilewouldtravelcompletelyaroundtheEarth,alwaysfallinginthegravitationalfieldbutneverreachingtheEarth,whichiscurvingawayatthesameratethattheprojectilefalls.Thatis,thecannonballwouldhavebeenputintoorbitaroundtheEarth.NewtonconcludedthattheorbitoftheMoonwasofexactlythesamenature:theMooncontinuously"fell"initspatharoundtheEarthbecauseoftheaccelerationduetogravity,thusproducingitsorbit.Bysuchreasoning,NewtoncametotheconclusionthatanytwoobjectsintheUniverseexertgravitationalattractiononeachother,withtheforcehavingauniversalform:

TheconstantofproportionalityGisknownastheuniversalgravitationalconstant.Itistermeda"universalconstant"becauseitisthoughttobethesameatallplacesandalltimes,andthusuniversallycharacterizestheintrinsicstrengthofthegravitationalforce.

StepIIPresentation

T:DoyouremembertheconversationbetweenLiYanpingandProfessorWallis?

S1:Yes.

T:Weallknowthatspacewalkisdifficultanddangerous.Whatshouldanastronauttakewithhim?

S2:oxygencan.

S3:spacesuit.

S4:gravityboots.

S5:watersystem.

S6:specialfood.

S7:specialropes.T:Great!Doyouknowtheusageofthem?NowdiscussthemwithyourpartneraccordingtotheformonPage31.YoucanrefertoourlisteningmaterialonPage65.

WhenSsdiscuss.Teacherwalkaroundtheclassroomtogivethemsomehelp.StepIIISpeaking(Page31)

(Afterafewminutes.)T:Haveyoufinished?Nowspeakoneortwosentencesforeachequipmentyoushouldtake.Sa:Iwilltakewaterwithmeinmyspacesuitinordertowarmorcoolmeifit’stoocoldortoohot.

Sb:Iwilltakeoxygencanonmybackinordertohelpmebreatheoxygeninspace.Sc:I’llwearspacesuit.tcanprotectmefrommanydangers.Itcancarrymanynecessarythingsinoronit.

Sd:I’lltakespacebuggyinordertotravelonthemoon.

Se:I’lltakearopetotiemetothespaceship,orI’llflyaway.

Sf:I’lltakespecialfoodsothatIcaneateasily,becausethefoodwillfloatinspace.

Sg:I’llwearspecialsunglassesinordertoprotectmyeyes.

Sh:I’lltakespacecamerainordertotakephotos.

T:Wonderful!Anythingelse?

Si:I’llwearspacebootsinordertowalkthere.

T:Verygood.You’vedoneanexcellentjob!Doyouknowhowtofillintheformnow?

Ss:Yes.

T:Nowlookatthescreenandcheckyouranswer.

Sampleanswer:

Tokeepyoucool

Spaceshipwithwatertocoolyou

tohelpyoubreatheoxygen

Oxygentankstocarryonyourback

Clothesforexercise

spacesuit

Totravelonthemoon

Spacebuggy

Toprotectyourskin

Spacesuit

Tostopyouflyingoffintospace

Aropetotieyoutothespaceship

Tostopyourfoodfromfloatingaway

Spacefoodthatyoucaneatmoreeasily

Clothesforwalkingonthemoon

Spacesuit

Togiveshade

Sunglassesinyourspacesuithelmet

Totakephotographs

Spacecamera

StepIVTalking(Page62)

Thetaskasksthestudentstoworkinpairsandgiveafriendanumberof“does”and“don’ts”forgoingintospace.Theyneedtomakesuggestionsusingthephrasesthattheyhavebeengiventohelpthem.Whentheyhaveworkedouttheadvicetheycanwritethesuggestionsdownandreadthemouttotheclass.ShowtheusefulexpressionsPleaselookat/listento…Pleasecheckthat…Youneed…Pleasepayattentionto…Don’tforgetto…You’dbetter…Makesureyou…Watchoutfor…Youmustn’t…T:Nowdiscussitinpairs.ThenIwillasksomepairstoreadouttheirinstructions.

Sampledialogue:

S1:I’mgoingtovisitacomet.I’mleavingtomorrow.

S2:Howexciting!Pleasecheckthatyouhavegotthecorrectsortofspacesuit.Youneedthekindthatwillkeepyouwarmifit’stoocold.

S1:Ofcourse!

S2:Makesureyouknowallthesafetyrules.It’snotsafetostandonacometorgettooclose.Thereisalwaysastrongwindinspace.

S1:Iwon’tleavethespaceshipexceptthatItakephotos.

S2:Photos?Justthinkofthedustintheair.Itwillmaketakingphotosverydifficult.

S1:Well,I’lltakesomeanyway.

S2:Watchoutforthespacewind!Itcanbeverydangerous.

S1:Yes,Iknowthat.

S2:Don’tforgettowatchthetimeasyouleavetheearth.Pleasepayattentiontoeverythingyourspaceguidesays.Don’tgooffonyourown.Lookatyourtemperatureonyourspacesuitallthetime.Ifit’stoolowyouneedtowarmitupandifit’stoohighyouneedtocoolitdown.Anyway,haveagoodtrip!

S1:Thankyou.Iwill.

StepVSpeakingTask(Page67)

Thepurposeofthistaskistousetheinformationthestudentshavegainedfromthelisteningtextandreadingpassageinanewsituation.Theyaregoingtointerviewtheastronomerinourstory,LiYanping,foranewspaper.Soinpairstheneedtoworkoutsomequestionstoaskhim.Eachofthepairsneedstothinkofthreedifferentquestions.Andtrytofindtheanswers.

Questionsandanswers:

1.Whatwasthemostunexpectedthingyoufoundoutaboutblackholes?

Theblackholethrewoutmaterialaswellasateobjects.

2.Howdidyouknowyouhadgotclosetoablackhole?

Youcanseethingsdisappearintowhatappearstobeanemptyspace.That’sablackhole.3.Whatwasthemostfrighteningthingthathappenedtoyouonthisjourney?

Whenthegravityoftheblackholewaspullingustoit’smouth,andthenthespaceshipmovedroundtheholeandbegantogofasterandfasterintoit;IwasterrifiedbecauseIthoughtwewouldbeeatenbythehole.

4.Whydidyourwatchmoveslowerwhenyourspaceshipmovedaroundthehole?

I’mnotclearyet.

5.Haveyoufoundsomethingnewaboutblackholes?

Yes.Ithoughtblackholesonlyeatsomeobjects,butinfacttheyalsospitobjectsout.

StepVIHomework:

Prepareforwritingapassageaboutyourideaorhopesfortravelinginspace.

Writing

Teachinggoals教学目标

1Targetlanguage目标语言

a重点词汇和短语explore,characteristicsb重点句子Writeashortarticleexplainingthreeproblemsyoumightmeetonthemoon..Youmayaskthefollowingquestionsaswellasworkoutsomemore.2Abilitygoals能力目标

EnabletheSstowriteanarticleaboutyourideaorhopesfortravelinginspace.

3Learningabilitygoals学能目标

HelptheSstolearnhowtowriteapassage.

Teachingimportantdifficultpoints教学重点和教学难点

TeachtheSshowtowriteanarticleaboutaspacetravel.Teachingmethods教学方法

Task-basedlearningDiscussion.Teachingaids教具准备

aprojector,acomputerTeachingproceduresways教学过程与方式

StepIWriting

Thepurposeofthiswritingisforstudentstothinkaboutwhatkindofequipmenttheywouldneedtobesafeinspace.It’sagoodopportunityforadiscussionaboutthepainsandpleasuresthatmightoccurwhentravelinginspace.Afterthediscussion,theycanwritedowntheproblemsandthewaytosolvethem.

T:Ifyouaregoingoffonaholiday,whatwillyoutake?

S1:Iwilltakeclothes,shoes,foodandmanyotherthings.

T:Butforspacetravel,youneedspecializedequipment.Whatequipmentshouldyoutake?Wehavediscussedtheminlastlesson.Whocananswerthisquestion?

S2:oxygencan,spacesuit,gravityboots,watersystem,specialfood.,specialropes,spacebuggy,sunglassesandspacecamera.

T:Wetakesomanythingswithusinordertoavoidmanydangers.Whatarethedangers?Ifyoudon’tknowmanyenough,let’swatchthefilm“Apollo”.It’safilmaboutanAmericanspacemissionthatwentwrong.Afterthat,youshouldwritedownthedangersandthewaytosolvethem.

(Watchthefilm.)Samplearticle:

IfIvisitedthemoon,Imighthavethreeproblems:howtobreathe,howtoeatandhowtomovearound.

IwouldhavetocarryallmyairwithmeifIwenttothemoon.Thisisbecausethemoonhasnoairofitsown.SoIwouldneedoxygentanksplacedonmybacksoIcouldbreatheallthetime.

IwouldhavetotakeallmyfoodwithmeifIwenttothemoon.Inthespaceship,thereisnogravitysothefoodwouldfloataround.So,IwouldmakesurethatitisspeciallymadeasspacefoodandthenIwouldbeabletoeatiteasily.

IwouldfinditdifficulttomovearoundonthemoonasIwouldweighone-sixthwhatIweighontheearth.ThismeansIwouldbouncelikeaballoonifItrytowalk.IwouldhavetolearntowalkdifferentlysothatIdon’tfallover.

IfIfollowthisadvice,IthinkIwillhaveagoodholidayonthemoon.

StepIIWritingTask

Thepurposeofthiswritingtaskisforthestudentstousetheinformationtheyhavegatheredonastronomyandtheirquestionstoeachothertowriteaninterestingandlivelynewspaperarticle.

T:HaveyoueverrememberedOct.16th,2003?

S:Yes,ofcourse..

T:Whathappenedonthatday?S:China’sfirstmannedspaceshiplandedsafelythatday.

T:It’sagreatmomentforChinaandthewholeworld.Howmanypreparationshavetheymadeforthisspacetravel?

S:Notexactly.Buttheymusthavemadefullpreparationsforthismannedspaceflight.T:DoyouadmireYangLiwei?S:Heisourhero.

T:Doyouwanttobeagreatmanlikehim?S:Ofcourse,I’mdreamingofthat.

T:You’llgetthechanceifyouworkhard..Chinahasothernewplans.Thescientistsplantoputalabintospacemannedbyscientistsforshortperiods.Theyaimtovisitthemoontolookforvaluableresourcesthereaswellastostudyitsenvironmentandgeologicalstructures.Doyouwanttobethatluckyscientist?Supposeyouarethescientistwhovisitsthemooninthefuture,pleasetellusyourplan.Forexample,youcanthinkaboutthesequestionsandwritedownyourplan.

1.Whatpreparationsshouldyoumake?

2.Whatwillyouseeduringyourspacetravel?

3.Whatwillyoudoonthemoon?

Showsamplearticle:

Goingintospace

Carryoutresearchonthemoon

I’llvisitmoonsoon.Asascientist,Ihavealwayswantedtovisititbymyself.Butit’snotaneasything.SoIshouldmakemanypreparations.FirstI’lltakeenoughexerciseinordertobestrong.ThenI’lltakeenoughandnecessaryequipmentwithme.IwillmakenotesofwhatI’llseeonthemoonbecausewe’llputalabonit.Throughexperimentsinthelab,we’llcollectvaluableresourcesandstudyitsenvironmentandgeologicalstructures.We’llalsowanttofindoutifit’sagoodplaceforhumanstoliveininthefuture.IbelieveI’llgetwhatIwanttogetfromthemoon.(Teachercansupplyotherinformationforstudents.Showthefollowingonthescreen:)

China’smannedspaceprogrammehasfourgoals:1.todevelopbasicmannedspaceflighttechnology;2.toobservetheearthandundertakeexperimentsinspace;3.tohelpdesignspacevehicles;4.toaccumulateexperienceforalargespacestationT:Supposeyouarepartofthisfutureprogramme,talkaboutwhatyou’lldo,whatyou’llseeandwhatyou’llget.

StepIIIProject

Askstudentstocollectasmuchinformationastheycanaboutthenineplanetsinoursolarsystem.Chooseoneplanetthattheywouldliketoexplore.Thenwritearesearchreport.ThereportshouldincludethefourrequirementsonPage68.

1.Onepossibleproject:

Topic:Mars

TheplanetIhavechosenisMarsbecauseit’stheclosesttotheearthandit’llbeoneofthefirstplanetsforustoexplore.It’snamedaftertheRomangodofwarbecausefromtheearthitlooksredinthesky.

Information

Position:4thplanetinoursolarsystem

Distancefromoursun:228millionkms

Diameter:halfthesizeoftheEarth

Mass:onetenththesizeofEarth

Gravity:onethirdofthatofEarth

Surfacesize:sameasdrylandofEarth

Lengthofday:halfanhourlongerthanEarthday

Timetocirclethesun:twoEarthyears

Satellites:two

Air:95%carbondioxide2%argon,3%nitrogen,verylittleoxygen

Findingsfromspacetrips

ThemostimportanttripstoMarshavebeenmadebytheUSandUSSR.TheyhavebothsentmanyspaceshipsbutnopeopletovisitMars.Theyhavediscovered:

---therearetwoseasonsonMars:awarm,dusty,southernsummerandcold,dusty-freenorthernwinter.

---nolifecanliveonMarsnow,astheairdoesn’thaveenoughoxygen

---therearesomeevidenceofearlylifewhentherewaswateronMarsthreemillionyearsago

---changesinthecolorofMarsareproducedbyduststormsonMars

---ithasanorthandasouthpolemadeoffrozencarbondioxidegas

WhatIwouldliketofindout

1.whetherthereislifeunderthesurfaceofMars

2.whetheritwouldbepossibleforpeopletoliveonMars

3.whetherthereisoilorjewelsorrocksthatwouldbeusefulforpeopleonEarth

2.Anotherproject:

Topic:Jupiter

JupiteristhefifthplanetfromtheSunandisthelargestoneinthesolarsystem.IfJupiterwerehollow,morethanonethousandEarthscouldfitinside.Italsocontainsmorematterthanalloftheotherplanetscombined.Ithasamassof1.9x1027kgandis142,800kilometers(88,736miles)acrosstheequator.Jupiterpossesses28knownsatellites,fourofwhich-Callisto,Europa,GanymedeandIo-wereobservedbyGalileoaslongagoas1610.Another12satelliteshavebeenrecentlydiscoveredandgivenprovisionaldesignatorsuntiltheyareofficiallyconfirmedandnamed.Information

JupiterStatistics

Mass(kg)

1.900e+27

Mass(Earth=1)

3.1794e+02

Equatorialradius(km)

71,492

Equatorialradius(Earth=1)

1.1209e+01

Meandensity(gm/cm^3)

1.33

MeandistancefromtheSun(km)

778,330,000

MeandistancefromtheSun(Earth=1)

5.2028

Rotationalperiod(days)

0.41354

Orbitalperiod(days)

4332.71

Meanorbitalvelocity(km/sec)

13.07

Orbitaleccentricity

0.0483

Tiltofaxis(degrees)

3.13

Orbitalinclination(degrees)

1.308

Equatorialsurfacegravity(m/sec^2)

22.88

Equatorialescapevelocity(km/sec)

59.56

Visualgeometricalbedo

0.52

Magnitude(Vo)

-2.70

Meancloudtemperature

-121°C

Atmosphericpressure(bars)

0.7

Atmosphericcomposition

Hydrogen

Helium

90%
10%

Findingsfromspacetrips

1.Thereisaringsystem,butitisveryfaintandistotallyinvisiblefromtheEarth.(Theringswerediscoveredin1979byVoyager1.)

2.Theatmosphereisverydeep,perhapscomprisingthewholeplanet,andissomewhatliketheSun.Itiscomposedmainlyofhydrogenandhelium,withsmallamountsofmethane,ammonia,watervaporandothercompounds.

3.AtgreatdepthswithinJupiter,thepressureissogreatthatthehydrogenatomsarebrokenupandtheelectronsarefreedsothattheresultingatomsconsistofbareprotons.Thisproducesastateinwhichthehydrogenbecomesmetallic.

4.Colorfullatitudinalbands,atmosphericcloudsandstormsillustrateJupitersdynamicweathersystems.Thecloudpatternschangewithinhoursordays.TheGreatRedSpotisacomplexstormmovinginacounter-clockwisedirection.

5.Auroralemissions,similartoEarthsnorthernlights,wereobservedinthepolarregionsofJupiter.WhatIwouldliketofindout

1.whetherthereislifeunderthesurfaceofJupiter

2.whetheritwouldbepossibleforpeopletoliveonJupiter

3.whetherthereisoilorjewelsorrocksthatwouldbeusefulforpeopleonEarth

StepVHomework

Sumupthewholeunit.Collectthematerialsaboutstars,spacetravelanddifferentideasaboutthebeginningoflife..

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Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars（WarmingUp,

一名优秀的教师在教学时都会提前最好准备，教师要准备好教案，这是老师职责的一部分。教案可以让学生能够听懂教师所讲的内容，帮助教师缓解教学的压力，提高教学质量。我们要如何写好一份值得称赞的教案呢？下面是由小编为大家整理的“Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars（WarmingUp,”，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars

WarmingUp,Pre-readingandReading

单元教学目标

技能目标SkillGoals

Talkaboutthescienceofthestars,thedevelopmentoflifeandspacetravelandgravity.

Practisegivinginstructions.

Practisetalkingaboutproblemsinstudyorlife.

LearntouseNounClausesasthesubject.

Learntowriteanessaytoshowyourproblemsandthewaytoovercomethem.

II．目标语言功

能

句

式

Talkaboutthescienceofthestars,thedevelopmentoflifeandspacetravelandgravity

Wheredowecomefrom?

Howdidtheuniversebegin?

Whyistheuniversethewayitwas?

Howwillitend?

Howmuchdoyouknowaboutuniverse?

Doyouwanttohaveaspacetravel?

Doyouknowsomethingaboutgravity?

Doyouknowsomethingaboutblackholes?

Practisegivinginstructions

Pleaselookat/listento...

Pleasecheckthat...

Youneed...

Pleasepayattentionto...

Don’tforgetto...

You’dbetter...

Makesureyou...

Watchoutfor...

Youmustn’t...

Practicetalkingaboutproblemsinstudyorlife

Myproblemis...

Thedifficultyis...

Mytroubleis...

Thequestionis...

Myadviceis...

WhatIthinkaboutitis...

Thefactis...

Mysuggestionis...词汇

1四会词汇

astronomy,system,religiontheoryatombillionglobeviolentcarbonatmosphereunlikefundamentalharmfulacidchainmultiplyoxygenexistthusdioxidepuzzlebiologybiologistgravitysatellitegentlephysicistclimatecrashspaceshippullfloatmass

2认读词汇

astronomer,biochemistry,geophysics,solar,BigBang,vapour,nitrogen,dissolve,amphibian,reptile,generally,mammal,global,comet,IssacNewton,AlbertEinstein,StephenHawking,lessen,weightlessly,cabin,exhaust,exclaim

3词组

solarsystem,intime,layeggs,givebirthto,inone’sturn,carbondioxide,prevent…from,blockout,cheerup,nowthat,breakout,watchout语法

NounClausesasthesubject

NounClausesasthesubjectisalsocalledtheSubjectClause.ThatmeansaNounClauseservesasSubjectinthesentence.ThewordswhichareusedinthisNounClauseare:that,whether,who,what,which,when,where,how,why,etc.

Example

1.Whatitwastobecomewasamystery.

2.Itwasnotclearwhetherthesolidshapewastolastornot.

Period1Warmingupreading(1)

Teachinggoals

1.Targetlanguage

a重点词汇和短语

astronomy,atmosphere,system,violent,solid,explode,carbon,dioxide,oxygen,surface,planet,harmful,development,spread,method,depend,solarsystem,intime,prevent…from,dependon

b重点句子

1.Whatitwastobecomewasamysteryuntilthedustbegantoslowlycombineintoaballmovingaroundthesun.P25

2.It’sexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.P25

3.Itallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgases,whichhadbecomepartoftheearth’satmosphere,intotheoceansandseas.P25

4.Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.P26

2.Abilitygoals

a.EnableSstotalkaboutthescienceofthestars,thedevelopmentoflifeandspacetravelandgravity

Wheredowecomefrom?

Howdidtheuniversebegin?

Whyistheuniversethewayitwas?

Howwillitend?

Howmuchdoyouknowaboutuniverse?

Doyouwanttohaveaspacetravel?

Doyouknowsomethingaboutgravity?

b.Understandthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions:

1.Whatwasthereontheearthbeforelifecouldbegin?

2.Whydoscientiststhinktherehasneverbeenlifeonthemoon?

3.Whydidanimalsfirstappearintheseas?

4.Whydidgreenplantshelplifetodevelop?

5.Whyweremammalsdifferentfromotheranimals?

c.EnabletheSstounderstandthedetailsaboutthepassage,choosingthecorrectansweraccordingtothetextandputtheorderofdevelopmentoflifeintoatimelineandanswerquestions.

d.Retellthepassageusingkeysentences.

3.Learningabilitygoals

EnableSslearnhowtotalkaboutthebeginningoflifeontheearth.

Teachingimportantpoints

a.Talkaboutthebeginningoflifeontheearth.

Whydidanimalsfirstappearintheseas?

Whydidgreenplantshelplifetodevelop?

b.Discusstheorderofdevelopmentoflife

Teachingdifficultpoints

a.Understandthebeginningoflifeontheearth.

b.Discussthequestions:

Whatwillourfuturebeiftheearthmaybecometoohotforthelivesonit?

Whyarehumansthecleverestanimalsontheearth?

Teachingmethods

a.Skimmingandscanning

b.Asking-and-answeringactivitytochecktheSs’understandingofthetext.

c.Individual,pairorgroupworktofinisheachtask.

d.Discussion.

Teachingaids

acomputer

Teachingprocedures

Step1quiz

SomequestionsonPPT.

Step2leadin

Inoursolarsystemeightplanetscirclearoundthesun.Whatarethey?

(Note：Accordingtothepresentdayscientificstudy,thereareonlyeightplanets,withthePlutoexcluded.)

S:TheSun,Mercury,Venus,Earth,Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus,andNeptune.

T:Whichplanetdoweliveon?Canyoudescribewhatitlookslike?

S:Earth.Itsupportsavarietyoflifeand70%oftheearthiscoveredwithseasoroceans.

Step3discussion

Wheredowecomefrom?Orwecansay:Whoareourancestors?
Doyouknowanyancientideaaboutthebeginningoftheuniverse?

Panguseparatestheskyfromtheearth.

Theskyandtheearthwereatfirstoneblurredentitylikeanegg.Panguwasbornintoit.Theseparationoftheskyandtheearthtook18,000years-theyangwhichwaslightandpurerosetobecomethesky,andtheyinwhichwasheavyandmurkysanktoformtheearth.BetweenthemwasPangu,whowentthroughninechangeseveryday,hiswisdom,greaterthanthatoftheskyandhisabilitygreaterthanthatoftheearth.Everydaytheskyrosetenfeethigher,theearthbecametenfeetthicker,andPangugrewtenfeettaller.Another18,000yearspassed,andtherewasanextremelyhighsky,anextremelythickearth,andanextremelytallPangu.ThencametheThreeEmperors(theEmperoroftheSky,theEmperoroftheEarth,theEmperoroftheMen.)

Sothesenumberscameintoexistenceandevolvelikethis.Thenumberbeginswithone,becomesestablishedatthree,iscompletedatfive,prospersatseven,andendsinnine.Sotheskyisninetythousandlifromtheearth.

Otherlegendsaboutthebeginningofuniverse

TheBiblicalAccount

"InthebeginningGodcreatedtheheavensandtheearth.Nowtheearthwasformlessandempty,darknesswasoverthesurfaceofthedeep,andthespiritofGodwashoveringoverthewaters.AndGodsaid...."

Day1:GodspokeandseparatedlightfromdarknesscreatingDayandNight
Day2:Godspokeandseparatedthewatercreatingskyandocean
Day3:Godspokeandcreateddryland

Day4:Godspokeandcreatedthesun,moon,andstars
Day5:Godspokeandcreatedlivingcreaturesintheairandsea
Day6:Godspokeandcreatedthelandanimalsandman
Day7:GodrestedandblessedthisdaycallingitHoly

India

Brahmahascreatedtheworldmanytimes.Thiscreationisrepeatedeveryfouragesoryugas.Therearefouryugasinoneeonorkalpa.Inthebeginningofeachkalpatheworldisawaterychaos.
AsBrahmathoughtbeingswerecreated.Thedemonswerecreatedbyawindfromhisrectum.Aftercreatingthedemonshediscardedhisbodywhichbecamenight.Heassumedanewbodyandoutofhismouthcametheshininggodsordevas.Thisbodywasalsodiscardedandbecameday.Withhisnextbodyhecreatedancestorspirits.WithhisfourthbodyBrahmacreatedhumanbeingswerecreated.Thisdiscardedbodybecamethemoon.WiththefifthbodyBrahmahadastrangethoughtandhecreatedogres,terriblecreatures,thatwantedtodevourtheprimordialseaofchaos.Inshockatwhathehaddonehethencreatedghouls,orGandharvas.Finallyheregainedhissensesandcreatedbirds,mammals,plants,andalltheotherlifethatweseetoday.

Step4appreciation

Playavideoforthestudents

Howmanytypesoflifeontheearthhaveyouseeninthevideo?Namethem.

Studentstelleverythingtheyhaveseeninthevideo.(Presentontheblackboardthenewwordsandageneralpictureofthetopicofthislesson.)

BigBanguniverseacloudofdustglobeviolentatmospherewaterplantscellsshellfishfishlandanimalsinsectsamphibiansreptilesdinosaursmammalsapes(monkeys)humans

Step5fastreading

Howdidlifedevelopthroughhistory?

Readfastandfindouttheanswers.

Acloudofdust→asolidball→presenceofwater→smallplantsgrowonthewater→shellfishandotherfishappear→plantsbegintogrowondryland→insectsandamphibiansappear→retilesappear→dinosaursappear→mammalsappear

Q:Whywasitnecessaryforplantstogrowbeforeanimals?

(Plantsprovidedoxygenforanimalstobreathe.)

Step6Retelling

SupposeyouareDr.…whostudiesastronomy.Youareinvitedtogiveaspeechtotheschoolstudentsaboutthedevelopmentoflifeon“EarthDay”(April22nd).

Goodmorning/afternoon.IamDr….Iamgreatlyhonoredtobeheretogiveyouaspeechaboutthedevelopmentoflife”.…

Homework:

1.SearchtheInternetfortheinformationofthedevelopmentoflife.

2.Readandlearngoodwords,phrasesorstructuresfromReading.

Period2reading(2)

Step1Scanning

1What’sthestyleofthetext?

2What’sthemainideaofthetext?

Step2skimming

Findoutthemainideaofeachpara.

Step3carefulreading

1Whatwasthereontheearthbeforelifecouldbegin?

2.Whydoscientiststhinktherehasneverbeenlifeonthemoon?

3.Whydidanimalsfirstappearintheseas?

4.Whydidgreenplantshelplifetodevelop?

5.Whyweremammalsdifferentfromotheranimals?

Finishoffthechart.

1smallplantsinwater

2

3greenplantsonland

4insects(onland)5

6forests

789

2.shellfishandallsortsoffish5.amphibian(onlandandinwater)

7.reptiles(onland)8.dinosaurs(onland)9.mammals(onland)

T:That’sallforthispassage.Nowlet’sdealwithsomelanguagepoints.

Step4consolidation

TorF

1.Theearthwasacloudofdustbeforeitcombinedintoaballaroundthesun.

2.Thewatervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenformedtheearth’satmosphere.

3.Thecomingofsmallplantsgrowinginthewatermadetheearthdifferent.

4.Landanimalsappearedbeforethegreenplantsonland.

5.Dinosaursproducedtheiryoungbylayingeggs.

6.Theearthmaybecometoohotiftoomuchcarbondioxidewasputintotheatmosphere.

Step5Retelling

Retellthetextusingabout100words.

Notes:Usethetwoquestionsandthecharttoretellthepassage;

Thepossibleversionbelowcanbeusedasamaterialforbothretellinganddictation.

Retelling:

Theexplosionoftheearthproducedwatervapor,whichturnedintowaterwhentheearthcooleddown.Waterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesintotheoceansandseas.Thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop.Thearrivalofsmallplantsencouragedthedevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Manymillionsofyearslaterthefirstgreenplantsbegantoappearonland.Laterlandanimalsappeared.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthesea.Whentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Later,dinosaursdeveloped.Theybecamethemostimportantanimalsontheearthformillionsofyears.Aftertheydisappeared,mammalsbecamemoreimportant.Theywerethelastgroupofanimalsandtheyweredifferentbecausetheyproducedtheiryoungfromwithintheirbodies.Smallcleveranimals,withhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Astimewentby,theycoveredtheearthandhavebecomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.

Step6discussion

1.Whatshouldwedowiththeglobalwarmingproblem?

Suppose:someofyouareofficialsofthegovernment/someofyouareordinarypeople

2.Supposeyouwereanexpertofastronomy,andnowyouandyourworkmatesarepreparingforameetingwhosetopicisthebeginningandtheprospect(展望)ofthelife/humanbeingontheearth.Workinyourgroup,andtrytodevelopyourspeech!

Homework

Retellthepassageaccordingtotheform..

Rememberimportantlanguagepoints.

Englishweeklypage4part2

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars（Vocabularyand&nb

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars（VocabularyandUsefulExpressions）

●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
（1）Words：
crack，burst，ruin，injure，destroy，shock，last的具体用法。
（2）Phrases：
atanend，rightaway，digout的用法
（3）Sentencepatterns：
Allhopewasnotlost.（部分否定句）
2.Ability：
（1）Trainthestudents’abilitytoreaddifferentnumbersinEnglish.
（2）Learntheusageofsomedifficultwordsandexpressions.
（3）Trainthestudents’abilitytoremovethedifficultieswhilereading.
3.Emotion：
（1）Trainthestudents’abilitytocooperatewithothers.
（2）Knowthedeadlinessofanearthquakeandthesignsbeforeanearthquakeiscoming.
（3）LearnfromthebraveryofpeopleinTangshantofacetherealityandrebuildthecity.
●教学重点
（1）Trainthestudents’abilitytoreaddifferentnumbersinEnglish.
（2）Trainthestudents’abilitytocooperatewithothers.
●教学难点
（1）Theexplanationofsomedifficultwordsandexpressions.
（2）Trainthestudents’abilitytoremovethedifficultieswhilereading.
●教具准备
（1）ataperecorder
（2）aprojector
（3）theblackboard
●教学过程
Step1Greetings
Greetthewholeclassasusual.
Step2Revision
T：Inthelastperiod，welearnedsomethingabouttheterribleTangshanEarthquakein1976，whichisthedeadliestearthquakeinChina’shistory.NowIamgoingtoaskyousomequestionsbasedontheReadingpassage.
T：WhatdidpeopleinTangshanseeintheskybeforetheearthquake？
S1：Theysawbrightlightsinthesky.
T：Whatdidpeoplehear？
S2：TheyheardthesoundofplanesoutsideTangshanevenwhennoplaneswereinthesky.
T：Whatdidpeoplenoticeinthewells？
S3：Peoplenoticedthewellwallshaddeepcracks，andasmellygascameoutofthecracks.
T：Didpeoplepayanyattentiontotheseabnormalphenomena？
S4：No.Theywenttobedasusualthatnight.
T：Whendidtheearthquakebegin？
S5：At3：42inthemorningofJuly28.
T：Howmanypeoplewerekilledorinjuredinthequake？
S6：Morethan400000people.
T：Couldtheinjuredpeoplegotohospital？
S7：No，theycouldn’tbecauseallofthecity’shospitalsweregoneinthequake.
T：Werethereanyaftershocks？
S8：Yes.Laterthatafternoon，anotherbigquakeshookTangshan.Manyrescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.
T：Didthesurvivorsdenythecityandgotoliveinotherplaces？
S9：No.Theydidtherescueworkwiththehelpof150000soldierssentbythearmy.SlowlythecityofTangshanbegantobreatheagain.
T：Iamverysatisfiedwithyourwork.
Step3LearningaboutNumbers
T：MaybeyouhavealreadynoticedthattherearealotofnumbersintheReadingpassage.Toreadthemcorrectlyisveryimportant.SometimesthereisatestonnumbersinListening.
T：NowturntoPage28andlookatPart3.Matcheachwordtothenumberthathasthesamemeaning.
（AllowSsseveralminutestofinishthetask.）
T：Nowlet’scheckyouranswers.
S：A.90%ninetypercent
B.10000tenthousand
C.1000000onemillion
D.150000onehundredandfiftythousand
E.75%seventy-fivepercent
F.1/3one-third
G.500000halfamillion
H.2/3two-thirds
Step4Importantpoints
T：IntheReadingpassageofthisunit，therearesomeimportantwordsandexpressions.Iwillfirstgiveyoufiveminutestopickoutthedifficultwords，expressionsandsentencepatterns.Youmayworkwithyourpartner.
（Afterfiveminutes.）
S1：Inthefirstparagraph，“...thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.”Howcanweunderstand“burst”？
T：Ifsomethingburstsorifyouburstsit，itbreaksopenorapartsuddenlyandviolentlysothatitscontentscomeout.
e.g.Youaregoingtobursttheballoon，ifyouarenotcareful.
S2：Inthefirstparagraph，“Farmers’wivesnoticedthatthewellwallshaddeepcracksinthem.”andinthesecondparagraph“Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswide.”Dothetwo“cracks”havethesamemeaning？
T：Youareverycareful.Yes，theyhavethesamemeaning.Bothofthemarenouns.“Crack”meansaverynarrowspacebetweentwothingsortwopartsofsomething.“Crack”canalsobeaverb，meaningtobreakormakesomethingbreaksothatitgetsoneormorelinesonitssurface，asinthesentence“Inthecity，thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.”
e.g.Shefelloffherbikeandcrackedaboneinherleg.
S3：Howcanweunderstandthissentenceinthesecondparagraph“Itseemedthattheworldwasatanend.”？
T：Inordertounderstandthissentence，youhavetoknowthemeaningofthephrase“beatanend”.Itreferstoasituationinwhichsomethingisfinishedornolongerexisted.
e.g.Thelonghotsummerwasatlastatanend.
Otherexamplesare“cometoanend”，“putanendtosth.”.
T：Sonowwhocanexplainthesentenceinourtext？
S4：Letmehaveatry.Theearthquakewassoterriblethatnearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.Sopeoplethoughtitwastheendoftheworld.
T：Excellent.Andthissentenceusesexaggeration.
S5：Inthesecondparagraph，“Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.”Whydon’tweuse“ruin”insteadof“ruins”？
T：“Ruin”canbeanuncountablenoun，whichmeansasituationinwhichyouhavelostallyourmoney，yoursocialposition，orthegoodopinionthatpeoplehadaboutyou.
e.g.Withthecollapseofgrainprices，smallfarmersareonthebrinkoffinancialruin.
While“ruins”meansthepartofabuildingthatisleftaftertheresthasbeendestroyed.
e.g.theruinsofabombed-outofficeblock
S6：Inthesecondparagraph“Two-thirdsofthepeoplediedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.”Canweuse“wound”totaketheplaceof“injure”？
T：No.Toinjuresomeonemeanscausingphysicalharmtosomeone，forexampleinanaccidentoranattack.Towoundsomeonemeansinjuringsomeone，especiallybymakingacutorholeintheirskinusingaknife，gun，etc.
e.g.（1）Oneoftheplayersinjuredhiskneeandhadtobecarriedoff.
（2）Gunmenkilledtwopeopleandwoundedsixothersinanattacktoday.
S7：Inthethirdparagraph“Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.”Canweusetheword“ruin”totaketheplaceof“destroy”？
T：No.“Destroy”meanstodamagesomethingsobadlythatitnolongerexistsorcannotberepaired.Ifyou“ruin”somethinggoodoruseful，itthenusuallyexists，butnolongerhasitsgoodqualitiesorfeatures.
e.g.（1）Theschoolwascompletelydestroyedinthebigfirelastnight.
（2）Toomuchsugarcanruinyourteeth.
S8：Inthethirdparagraph，“Peoplewereshocked.”What’sthemeaningofthesentence？
T：“Shock”heremeanstomakesomeonefeelverysurprisedandupsetandunabletobelievewhathashappened.
e.g.Themurderofsuchayoungchilddeeplyshockedthewholecommunity.
S9：Sothesentenceinourtextmeanspeopleweresurprised.
T：Yes.Butthereisaslightdifferencebetween“shock”and“surprise”.Ifsomethingis，comesas，orgivesyouashockitisunexpectedandoftenverybad.
e.g.Itcameasagreatshocktohearshewasleavinghome.
Butasurpriseissomethingthatisunexpected，butisnotnecessarilybad.
e.g.Whatanicesurprise!Ididn’teventhinkyouwereinthecountry!
S10：Inthethirdparagraph，“Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.”Whatdoestheword“last”meaninthissentence？Isitanadjective？
T：No，itisnotanadjectivebutaverb.“Last”heremeanstocontinueforaparticularlengthoftime.
e.g.ThehotweatherlastedforthewholemonthofJuly.
Asaverb，“last”couldalsomeantomanagetoremaininthesamesituation，evenwhenthisisdifficult.
e.g.Theywon’tbeabletolastmuchlongerwithoutfreshsupplies.
Theword“last”canalsobeusedasalinkingverb.Itmeansbeingenoughforsomeonetouse.
e.g.Weonlyhadtolastustherestofthemonth.
S11：Inthelastparagraph，“Allhopewasnotlost.”Whatisthemeaningofthissentence？
T：Thissentenceisapartialnegative.Ithasthesamemeaningwith“Notallhopewaslost.”
e.g.（1）Allthestudentsdonotagreetotheplan.
（2）Notallthestudentsagreetotheplan.
Thesetwosentencesmeansomeofthestudentsagreetotheplan，butsomedon’t.
Step5Consolidation
T：Nowaftertheexplanationsofthewords，expressionsandsentencepatterns，let’sdosomeexercises.PleaseturntoPage28andlookatPart2inLearningaboutLanguage.Completethepassagewithsomeofthewordsinthetext.
（Afterseveralminutesteacherasksoneofthestudentstoreadtheshortpassage.Correctanymistakesifthereareany.）
Step6Homework
T：Inordertomastertheusageofthesewordsandexpressions，pleasedosomerelatedexercises.FinishoffthetwopartsinUsingWordsandExpressionsonPage63.
●板书设计
Unit4Earthquakes
TheThirdPeriod
ImportantWords：
1.burst（v.）2.crack（n./v.）
3.ruin
4.injure/wound
5.destroy/ruin
6.shocked
7.last（vi.）
ImportantExpressions：
1.Itseemedthattheworldwasatanend.
2.Allhopewasnotlost.（部分否定句）
●活动与探究
Story-tellingCompetition：
Formostofhumanhistory，peoplecouldonlyimaginewhatcausedearthquakestohappen.Sostoriesweretoldtoexplainthisnaturaldisaster.AstoryfromIndiasaysthatfourverybigelephantsholeuptheearth.Theelephantsstandonthebackofabiggerturtle.Theturtlestandsonanevenbiggersnake.Whenanyofthesehugemagicalanimalsmove，theearthbeginstoshake!
1.Inpairsmakeupastorytoexplainhowanearthquakehappens.
2.Shareyourstorywithyourclassmates.
3.Choosewhichoneisthemostinteresting.Giveareason.
●备课资料
知识点归纳：
1.shake用法归纳（shake，shook，shaken）
（1）抖动，震动，常作不及物动词，也作及物动词。
Thehouseshookwhentheearthquakestarted.
当地震发生时，房子震动了。
Shewasshakingwithanger.
她气得发抖。
Hisheavystepsshooktheroom.
他沉重的脚步使房子都震动了。
Shewasbadlyshakenbythenews.
她对这个消息大为震惊。
（2）摇动，作及物动词
Shakethebottlebeforetakingthemedicine.
服药前摇匀。
（3）颤动，作不及物动词
Hishandsshookalittleashewrote.
他写字的时候手有点发抖。
Hisvoiceshookwithemotion.
他很激动，声音都有些颤抖了。
（4）shakeproofadj.防震的，抗震的
（5）常用短语：
①和某人握手
shakehandswithsb.
shakesb.’shand
shakesb.bythehand
Heshookhandswarmlywithme.
Heshookmyhandwarmly.
Heshookmewarmlybythehand.
他和我热情地握了手。
②摇头shakeone’shead
（6）辨析
shake系常用词，指“上下来回短促而急速地摇动”。
Shakebeforetaking.
（药瓶标签上）服前摇匀。
tremble指“由于恐惧、悲愤、兴奋等情绪或因寒冷、疲劳等引起无意识地颤抖”。
Shetrembledatthelion’sroar.
听到狮吼，她浑身发抖。
quake可与tremble换用，但较为正式，指“强烈地颤动”。
Theearthquaked.
地震了。
quiver指“轻微而急速地颤动、摇动”。
Theleavesquiveredwiththebreeze.
树叶随微风摆动。
shiver指“由于寒冷、恐惧或生病而发抖”。
Heshiveredwithcold.
他冻得发抖。
2.strike用法归纳（strike，struck，struck/stricken）
（1）打，击，敲，常表示用力打，可以是一次或多次。
Strikewhiletheironishot.
趁热打铁。
hit比strike稍弱，指一次性的打或击中。
beat指连续多次地打，也指有节奏的击打，心脏跳动用beat。
（2）触（礁），撞
Hisheadstruckthetableashefell.
他摔下时头撞在了桌子上。
（3）发起进攻，袭击
Ourtroopsstrucktheenemycampatdawn.
我们的部队在黎明时分袭击了敌营。
（4）擦（火柴）
Istruckamatchandheldittohiscigarette.
我擦着了一根火柴来点燃他的香烟。
（5）（钟）敲
Ileftimmediatelytheclockstrucktwelve.
钟一敲12下，我就离开了。
（6）（某种想法）突然出现，忽然想起
Itstruckmethatweoughttomakeanewplan.
我突然想起我们得制订个新计划了。
（7）给（人）某种印象或感觉，给人深刻的印象（常用于被动结构）
Howdoestheplanstrikeyou？
你觉得这个计划怎么样？
Iwasdeeplystruckbyherbeauty.
她的美给我留下了深刻的印象。
（8）罢工
Theyarestrikingforhigherpay.
他们在为争取高工资而罢工。
3.rise（rise，rose，risen）
（1）太阳、月亮、星星升起，出现
Thesunroseatseveno’clock.
太阳七点钟升起。
（2）升高
Theriverisrisingaftertherain.
雨后河水涨了。
Priceshaverisensteadilyduringthepastdecade.
过去十年间物价一直在上涨。
（3）起床；立起；站起来
（4）晋升
rise，raise和lift辨析：
三个词都有“升起、抬高”的意思。
lift举起，抬起。常指将物体，尤其是重物，从地面或较低的位置抬高或举起，是及物动词。
Heliftedtheheavyboxforme.
他帮我提起了那个重箱子。
raise举起，升起，抬高，提高。是及物动词。可与lift互换，但raise强调动作的姿势；此外它还有把某物“竖起来”的意思。还可用在抽象的譬喻性质的短语里。
raiseone’svoice提高嗓门
raiseprices提高价格
raiselivingstandards提高生活水平
Thenationalflagisraisedeverymorning.
每天早晨升国旗。
rise升起，上涨，站起来。是不及物动词。常指由低而高的变化过程。
ThenextmorningIwasthefirsttorise.
第二天早上，我是第一个起床的。
4.seem用法归纳
（1）似乎，好像（vi.）
①seem+不定式的一般形式
Heseemstolikethebirthdaypresentverymuch.
他似乎很喜欢这份生日礼物。
②seem+不定式的完成形式
Weseemtohaveseenyousomewherebefore.
我们似乎在哪里见到过你。
③seem+不定式的进行形式
Severalpeopleinthecrowdseemedtobefighting.
人群中似乎有几人正在打架。
（2）看来，似乎是（什么样子）（link-v.）
①seem+形容词
Thedoctorseemsverycapable.
看来这个医生很能干。
②seem+分词
Hisfirstmemoriesseemedconnectedwithwork.
他的第一记忆似乎与工作相连。
③seem+名词
Itseemsapleasantcity.
看来这是一个令人愉快的城市。
④seem+介词短语
Youseeminhighspiritstoday，Mary.
玛丽，看来你今天兴致挺高的。
（3）用于下面结构
①Itseems/seemedthat...
Itseemsthattheyarelookingforsomething.
他们仿佛在寻找什么东西。
Itseemedtohimthathehadneverworkedsohardinhislife.
他似乎一辈子都没有这么努力地工作过。
Itdoesn’tseemthatwecangetourmoneyback.
=Itseemsthatwecannotgetourmoneyback.
看来我们的钱弄不回来了。
②Itseems/seemedasif....
Itseemsasiftheweatherisimproving.看来天要好转了。
③Thereseems（tobe）....
Thereseemstobenoworkforyoutodohere.
看来这儿没有工作需要你做了。
5.injure
injure，hurt和wound辨析：
injure伤害，损害（感情），毁坏（名誉）。常指各种性质的身体上或精神上的伤害，常用于意外受伤。是及物动词。
IhopeIdidn’tinjureherfeelings.
我希望我没有伤害她的感情。
Thefootballplayerwasinjuredinhisrightleg.
那位足球选手的右腿受了伤。
hurt伤害。没有injure正式，常用于口语。可用于指大、小伤害，也可指精神上的痛苦或感情上的伤害，可用作及物或不及物动词。
Hehurthisfootwhenjumpingoverthefence.
他在跳篱笆时伤了脚。
Hiswordshurtme.
他的话伤了我的心。
Myheadhurtsbadly.
我头疼得厉害。
wound受伤，伤害，损害。一般指打伤、刀伤等外伤，尤指战场上负伤；还可用于比喻，指精神上的创伤。是及物动词。
Thesoldierswoundedinthebattleweretakencareofbythenurse.
战斗中受伤的战士们由护士在照料。
Hefeltwoundedinhishonour.
他觉得他的荣誉受到伤害。

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars(Period3　Learning

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars

Period3　Learningaboutlanguage:Grammar

整体设计
教材分析
Thisisthethirdteachingperiodofthisunit.Totestwhetherstudentshavegraspedtheimportantanddifficultlanguagepointstheylearnedinthelastperiod,theteachershouldfirstofferthemsomerevisionexercises.Thenleadinthenewlesson.
Thisteachingperiodmainlydealswiththefollowing:1.Reviewingnounclausesastheobjectandasthepredicative;2.Learningthenewgrammaritems:nounclausesasthesubject.Studentsoftenfeelnounclausesabstractanddifficulttolearn,soitisnecessarytomakethelessoninterestingandlively,andconnectitwiththeirdailylifeinordertoletiteasytoacceptandunderstand.Firstly,theteachercanaskstudentstoreadthepassageHOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHagain,tickoutallthesentencesfromthepassagewherenounclausesareusedasthesubject,andthentranslatethemintoChinese.Secondly,compareanddiscovertheusesofeachnounclausebygivingalotofexamplesentences.Thirdly,dotheexercisesinDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage29andmoreexercisesforstudentstomastertherelatednounclauses.Finally,summarizetheuseofnounclausesasthesubjectandletstudentsmakeitclearhoweachnounclauseisbeingusedinthesituations.
Attheendoftheclass,askstudentstodotheexercisesinUsingstructuresonPage64andmoreadditionalexercisesforconsolidation.
教学重点
Getstudentstounderstandandusenounclausesasthesubject.
教学难点
Enablestudentstolearnhowtousenounclausesasthesubjectcorrectly.
三维目标
知识目标
1.Getstudentstoknowmoreaboutnounclauses.
2.Letstudentslearnnounclausesasthesubject.
Whatitwastobecomewasamystery...
...itwasnotclearwhetherthesolidshapewastolastornot.
能力目标
Enablestudentstousenounclausesasthesubjectcorrectlyandproperlyaccordingtothecontext.
情感目标
1.Getstudentstobecomeinterestedingrammarlearning.
2.Developstudents’senseofgroupcooperation.

教学过程
设计方案（一）
→Step1Revision
1.Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2.Dictatesomenewwordsandexpressions.
3.Translatethefollowingsentences.
1)你早晚会来的。
2)我的车与你的不一样。
3)他总是第一个来,最后一个走。
4)他来不来还不清楚。
5)我们的成败取决于是否每个人都努力工作。
6)我们必须采取措施防止这种疾病的蔓延。
Suggestedanswers:
1)Youwillcomehereintime.
2)Mycarisdifferentfromyours.
3)Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttogo.
4)Itisnotclearwhetherhecomesornot.
5)Oursuccessdependsonwhethereveryoneworkshardornot.
6)Wemusttakeactionstopreventthisdisease(from)spreading.
→Step2Preparation
Showsomesentencesonthescreen.Askstudentstoreadeachofthemandthenfindoutitssubject.
Atreehasfallenacrosstheroad.
Youareastudent.
Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.
Smokingisbadforyou.
“Howdoyoudo?”isagreeting.
Whatshesaidisnotyetknown.
Thatweshallbelateiscertain.
It’scertainthatweshallbelate.
→Step3Grammarlearning
1.Readinganddiscovering
AskstudentstoturnbacktoPage25toreadthroughthereadingpassageandfindallthesentenceswherenounclausesareusedasthesubjectandunderlinethem.ThentranslatethemintoChinese.
Suggestedanswers:
1)Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.
地球会变成什么（样子）,直到45亿至38亿年前这个云团变成一个固体的球状物,才确定下来。
2)Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.
地球变得激烈动荡,不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。
3)Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.
更重要的是,随着地球的冷却,地球的表面就开始出现了水。
4)Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.
水对于生命的发展会起关键作用,这一点在当时并不明显。
5)Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.
很多科学家相信,由于地球上长期有水存在,使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。
6)Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.
为什么他们突然消失了,至今还是个谜。
7)Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.
所以,在未来的数百万年中,生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。
2.Thinkinganddiscussing
Letstudentsreadaloudthesentencestheypickedout,thinkoveranddiscusswithapartnerhoweachofthesenounclausesisbeingusedinthesituations.Ifstudentshavesomedifficulty,givethemahand.
3.Summingup:nounclausesasthesubject.
主语从句
作主语用的名词性从句,因其在复合句中作主语,又称主语从句。
（1）连接词:
1)从属连词that,whether等。
that引导主语从句只起引导作用,本身无实际意义,在主语从句中不充当任何成分,但不能省略。
Thatshelefthimcuthimtotheheart.
她的离开使他很伤心。
由whether引导的主语从句放在句首、句末都可。
Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay./Itisnoteasytosaywhetheritwillpleasethem.
很难说这会不会使他们高兴。
2)连接代词who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever等。
Whatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.
对某些人看来很容易的事,对另外一些人可能很困难。
3)连接副词when,where,how,why等。
Whyhediditremainsamystery.
他为什么做那件事依然是个谜。
（2）位置
主语从句可以前置,也可以后置。用it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在句末,常用下面几种句型:
1)It+be+表语+主语从句
Itisstilluncertainwhetherheiscomingornot.
他是不是来还没有确定。
2)It+不及物动词+主语从句
Ithappensthattheywereabsent.
他们碰巧缺席了。
3)It+及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句
IthasbeendecidedthattheexhibitionwillnotopenonSundays.
现经决定展览会星期日不开放。
注意:
1)主语从句在句首时,必须由连接词引导,不能省略这些连接词;但是如果用it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在句末时,从属连词that可以省略。
他们相互喜爱是很自然的。
误:Theyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.
正:Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.
正:Itisnatural(that)theyshouldlikeeachother.
2)如果主语从句放在句首,不能用if引导;但是如果用it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在句末时,也可以用if引导。
玛丽是不是真听见他了,很值得怀疑。
误:IfMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.
正:WhetherMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.
正:Itwasdoubtfulwhether/ifMaryreallyheardhim.
→Step4Grammarpractice
1.TurntoPage29.AskstudentstodoExercise2andExercise3inDiscoveringusefulstructures.Firstletthemfinishthemindividually.Thenchecktheanswerswiththewholeclass.Givesomeexplanationsifnecessary.
2.TurntoPage64.AskstudentstodoExercise1andExercise2.Checktheanswersaftermostofthemfinish.
→Step5Discussion
Letstudentshaveadiscussioningroups.Thetopicis“Myproblem”.Onetalksabouttheproblemsinhisstudyorlife.Theothersshouldgivesomeadviceorsuggestions.Remindstudentstousethefollowingstructures:
(Showthefollowingonthescreentohelpstudents.)
Thefactis/Itisafactthat...
Thedifficultyis.../WhatIfinddifficultis...
Thetroubleis.../Whatworriesmeis...
Mysuggestionis.../WhatIwouldsuggestis...
Myadviceis.../WhatIwouldadviseis...
Ithinkthat.../WhatIthinkis...
Iwanttotellyouthat.../WhatIwanttosayis...
→Step6Closingdownbyaquiz
Showthefollowingexercisesonthescreen.Letstudentsfinishthemwithinthreeminutes.Threeminuteslater,checktheanswerswiththewholeclass.
1.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn’tmatter______________thatI’mtalkingto.
A.whoisitB.whoitisC.itiswhoD.itiswhom
2.Itisprettywellunderstood______________controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.
A.that
B.when
C.what
D.how
3.______________madetheschoolproudwas______________morethan90％ofstudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.
A.What;because
B.What;that
C.That;what
D.That;because
4.______________teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenationalchampionship.
A.Nomatterwhat
B.Nomatterwhich
C.Whatever
D.Whichever
5.______________isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.
A.As
B.That
C.This
D.It
6.______________Ican’tunderstandis______________hechangedhismind.
A.That;that
B.What;why
C.Which;how
D.That;why
Suggestedanswers:BCBDDB
→Step7Homework
1.Finishofftheworkbookexercises.
2.PreviewthereadingpassageAVISITTOTHEMOONonPage30,findthesentencesinwhichnounclausesareused,andseeifyoucanunderstandthem.
设计方案（二）
→Step1Revision
1.Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.
1)太阳系
2)及时;终于
3)下蛋
4)产生;分娩
5)轮到某人;接着
6)总有一天我会遇见他。
7)都市生活与乡村生活是非常不同的。
8)他们不应该允许在这条街上停车,街道太窄了。
9)他的心脏病痛没能阻止他第二天去上课。
10)在未来的数百万年中,生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。
Suggestedanswers:
1)solarsystem
2)intime
3)layeggs
4)givebirthto
5)inone’sturn
6)I’llseehimintime.
7)Citylifeisquitedifferentfromcountrylife.
8)Theyshouldn’tallowparkinginthisstreet.It’stoonarrow.
9)Hishearttroubledidnotpreventhim(from)goingtoclassthenextday.
10)Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.
→Step2Warmingupbyagame
Letstudentsworkinpairs.Onetalksabouttheproblemsinhisstudyorlife.Theothershouldgivesomeadviceorsuggestions.Encouragethemtousewhat-clausesasthesubject.
Example:
S1:WhatIfinddifficultis.../Whatworriesmeis...
S2:WhatIwouldsuggestis.../WhatIwouldadviseis...
→Step3Discoveringusefulstructures
Askstudentstofindoutthesentencescontainingnounclausesasthesubjectinthereadingpassageandunderlinethem.ThentranslatethemintoChinese.
→Step4Learningtheuseofnounclausesasthesubject
1.AskstudentstoturntoPage92andlearnpart3TheSubjectClausebythemselves.
2.Encouragethemtoaskasmanyquestionsaspossible.Givethemexplanationsifnecessary.
3.Letthemdosomeadditionalexercises.
4.Sumup.
→Step5Practice
Askstudentstofinishthefollowingexerciseswithin10minutes.Thenchecktheanswerswiththewholeclass.
1.Exercises2and3inDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage13.
2.Exercise1inUsingstructuresonPage64.
→Step6Consolidation
Letstudentsworkinpairstomakesentenceswithnounclausesasthesubjecttofillintheblanks.
1.What_____________________________isastronomy.
2.When_____________________________hasn’tbeendecodedyet.
3.Whether_____________________________dependsonyourbehavior.
4.How_____________________________isapersonaldecision.
5.Why_____________________________apuzzletous.
6.It’sfunnythat_____________________________.
7.Itworriesusthat_____________________________.
8.Itappearsthat_____________________________.
→Step7Homework
1.FinishofftheWorkbookexercises.
2.Makeuseofdifferentlearningresourcestohaveaninquirystudyofthesubjectclause,andsummarizetherulesofit.

板书设计
Unit4　Astronomy:thescienceofthestars
Grammar:nounclausesasthesubject
连接词例句
从属连词:that,whetherThatshelefthimcuthimtotheheart.
Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.
连接代词:who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whicheverWhatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.
连接副词:when,where,how,whyWhyhediditremainsamystery.
it作形式主语
It+be+表语+主语从句Itisstilluncertainwhetherheiscomingornot.
It+不及物动词+主语从句Ithappensthattheywereabsent.
It+及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句IthasbeendecidedthattheexhibitionwillnotopenonSundays.
活动与探究
SupposeyouaretodesignanactivityforyourschoolonEarthDay,whichisintendedtocallonteachersandstudentstoprotecttheearth.Workingroupsandchooseareporterofyourgrouptoreportyourwork.Thefollowingpointsshouldbeincludedinthereportofyouractivity:
whattheactivityisabout;
whytheactivityisdesigned;
whenandwheretodotheactivity;
whotakespartintheactivity;
whattobedoneintheactivity.

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars(Period5　Using&nb

一名优秀的教师在教学方面无论做什么事都有计划和准备，高中教师要准备好教案，这是老师职责的一部分。教案可以让学生们充分体会到学习的快乐，帮助高中教师掌握上课时的教学节奏。高中教案的内容具体要怎样写呢？以下是小编为大家精心整理的“Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars(Period5　Using&nb”，大家不妨来参考。希望您能喜欢！

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars

Period5　Usinglanguage:Extensivereading

整体设计
教材分析
Thisisthefifthteachingperiodofthisunit.Asusual,theteachershouldcheckstudents’homeworkandofferchancesforthemtogooverwhattheylearnedinthelastperiodatthebeginningoftheclass.Thenleadinthenewlesson.
Inthisperiod,theteachingemphasiswillbeputondevelopingstudents’readingabilitybyreadingextensively.Wewilldealwithtwoparts:AVISITTOTHEMOONinUsinglanguageonPages30-31andCAUGHTBYABLACKHOLEinReadingTaskonPage66.Whilereading,getstudentslearningtousesomereadingstrategiessuchasskimming,scanning,andsoon.Astonewwordsandphrases,theteachercanfirstfindthosestudentsfeelmostdifficultandhelpthemtounderstand.That’senoughhere.ThereadingpassageAVISITTOTHEMOONisasciencefictionstorywhichimagineswhatitmightbelikeifanastronautvisitedthemoon.Thepurposeofsciencefictionwritingistocombinefactswithastorytomakestudentsinterestedandexcitedabouttravelinspace.Itisalsotostimulateaweandwonderintothevastnessofspace.Asthisreadingusestheinformationstudentshavegainedfromthelistening,theteachercanfirstasksomestudentstoretellthelisteningtexttoleadinthetopicandthenaskstudentstoreadthepassageanddosomecomprehendingexercises.Whilecheckingtheiranswerswiththewholeclass,dealwithlanguageproblemsstudentscan’tworkoutbythemselves.Thisisanextensivereadinglesson,sotheteachingstepsshouldbesimple.AstothepassageCAUGHTBYABLACKHOLE,itistocontinuetheabovestory.Theastronomersinthestoryvisitaplaceinspace,whichseemsimpossibleforpeopletoreach,the“blackhole”.Itistohelpstudentsimaginewhatitislikeneara“blackhole”.Askstudentstoreadthroughthepassageandtrytoknowmoreaboutastronomyandgravity.
Attheendoftheclass,askstudentstoretellthetwopassages.Inordertoarousestudents’interest,theteachercanholdacompetitionamongthem.
教学重点
1.Developstudents’readingskillsbyextensivereading.
2.Letstudentsreadandunderstandthetwopassages.
教学难点
1.Enablestudentstolearntousereadingstrategiessuchasskimming,scanning,andsoon.
2.Getstudentstounderstandthesciencefictionstoriesinthisunit.
三维目标
知识目标
1.Getstudentstolearnsomeusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispart:spaceship,pull,float,mass,cheerup,nowthat,breakout
2.Getstudentstoreadthesciencefictionstories.
能力目标
1.Developstudents’readingskillsbyextensivereadingandenablethemtolearnhowtousedifferentreadingskillstoreaddifferentreadingmaterials.
2.Havestudentslearntousetheusefulnewwordsandexpressionscorrectly.
3.Enablestudentstounderstandthepassagesandknowmoreaboutastronomyandgravity.
情感目标
1.Stimulatestudents’interestinastronomyandspacetravel.
2.Developstudents’senseofgroupcooperationandteamwork.

教学过程
→Step1Revision
1.Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2.Asksomepairsofstudentstocometothefrontandactouttheirdialoguetoreviewtheexpressionsofgivinginstructions.
3.HavesomestudentstalkaboutIsaacNewton,AlbertEinsteinandStephenHawkingaswellastheirideasongravity.
→Step2Warmingup
Letstudentstobrainstormthefollowingquestions:
Whatcountryfirstsentpeopleintospace?
Howmanycountrieshavesucceededinsendingpeopleintospacesofar?
Whofirstlandedonthemoon?
WhoisthefirstChineseastronauttogointospace?
Doyouwanttovisitthemoon?
→Step3Reading
1.AskstudentstoreadthepassageandthendescribethethreewaysinwhichgravitychangedforLiYanpingandhowhisweightchanged.
1)WritedownthethreewaysinwhichgravitychangedforLiYanping.

Thewaygravitychanged
Lefttheearth
Inspace
Onthemoon

Suggestedanswers:
Thewaygravitychanged
LefttheearthThegravitybecameverystrong.
InspaceThegravitydisappeared.
OnthemoonThegravitybecameverylight.
2)Hisweightchangedthreetimes,too.Nowwritethemdown.

Howhisweightchanged
Lefttheearth
Inspace
Onthemoon

Suggestedanswers:

Howhisweightchanged
LefttheearthHebecameveryheavy.
InspaceHehadnoweightandcouldfloataroundlikeafeather.
OnthemoonHewasaboutone-sixthofhisweightontheearth.
2.Askstudentstoreadthepassagealoudtothetapeandunderlinealltheusefulexpressionsorcollocationsinthepassage.Letstudentsreadthemaloudandcopythemdownintheirexercisebookafterclassashomework.Trytokeeptheminmind.
Collocations:beluckyenoughtodo,haveachance,makeatripintospace,explainsth.tosb.,theforceofgravity,beoff,thepulloftheearth’sgravity,fallbacktotheearth,falltotheground,toofarfromtheearth,asif,atall,getcloseto,cheerup,comeon,lessthan,downthesteps,stepforward,twiceasfaras,fallover,abitof,nowthat,afterawhile,getthehangof,breakout,ontheoutsideof,bepushedinto
→Step4Importantlanguagepoints
1.Beforeweleft,LiYanpingexplainedtomethattheforceofgravitywouldchangethreetimesonourjourneyandthatthefirstchangewouldbethemostpowerful.
在启程以前,李彦平向我解释说,在我们的航行中会有三次引力的改变,而第一次的改变将是最强的。
句子中thattheforceofgravitywouldchangethreetimesonourjourneyandthatthefirstchangewouldbethemostpowerful是两个并列的that引导的宾语从句,作动词explain的宾语。一个动词若带两个宾语从句,第二个引导词that一般不省略。例如:
Thegirlstoldhim(that)theywereonatraintripacrossCanadaandthattheyhadonlyonedayinMontreal.
姑娘们告诉他,她们乘火车来旅游,要横穿加拿大,在蒙特利尔待一天。
Iunderstandnotonly(that)youhavestudiedChinesebutalsothatyouhavewrittenChinesepoetry.
我知道,你不仅学了中文,而且还写中文诗。
2.Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger.
我立刻感到很高兴,由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去,我望着（身后的）地球越来越小,而（前方的）月球越来越大。
watchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger是现在分词短语,在句中作状语。
cheer(sb.)up:(causesb.to)becomehappierormorecheerful欢呼;喝彩;感到高兴;使高兴
Tryandcheerupabit;lifeisn’tthatbad!
想办法高兴点,生活并不是那么糟！
Thecrowdcheeredupwhentheysawtheteamarrive.
当看到球队的到来,人群欢呼起来。
Hetookhertotheconcerttocheerherup.
他带她去听音乐会来使她高兴。
watch...do/doing观看,注视
Wewatchedthesunsettingbehindthetrees.
我们看着太阳正在树后面落下。
Everydayastheywatchedtheplantgrow,theirheartsfilledwithhope.
每一天当他们看到植物生长,他们的心里都充满了希望。
3.“Ohdear,”Icried,“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”
“天哪,”我大声说,“重力改变了,看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”
now(that)...:becauseofthefact(that)...既然……;由于……
Now(that)everybodyishere,wecanbeginthemeeting.
既然每个人都到了,我们就可以开始会议。
Now(that)youareabigboyyoumustbehavebetter.
由于你是一个大男孩,你就必须行为表现得更好。
4.Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.
我们惊奇地看着,随着地球引力的增加,宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。
句子中的asfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceship和astheearth’sgravityincreased均为as引导的状语从句。
amazed是过去分词,在此处作状语。
Hecameinunnoticed.
他神不知鬼不觉地走了进来。
Manyheroeslieburiedinthechurchyard.
许多英雄埋葬在教堂的墓地里。
breakout:(ofviolentevents)startsuddenly（指激烈事件,如战争、火灾、疫情等）突然发生;爆发
Firebrokeoutduringthenight.
夜间突然发生了火灾。
Warbrokeoutin1939.
战争爆发于1939年。
Aquarrelbrokeoutsuddenlyatmidnight.
在深夜,突然有人吵架。
→Step5Readingtask
TurntoPage66.
1.Askstudentstoreadthepassageandanswerthetwoquestions.
1)Canablackholebeseen?Howdoyouknowit’sablackhole?
2)Whathappenedtothespaceshipfromthebeginningtotheend?
Suggestedanswers:
1)No,itcan’tbeseen.Youcanseethingsdisappearintowhatappearstobeemptyspace.
2)Atfirstthelightsonthespaceshipwentoutandthecomputerstoppedworking.Thenthespaceshipjumpedandbegantomovearoundtheedgeoftheoutsideofthehole.
Asthespaceshipmovedaroundthehole,itbegantogofasterandfaster.
Butthenthespaceshipjumpedagain,anditmovedsidewaysfromtheblackhole.Itbegantoincreaseitsspeeduntilitseemedtobegoingasfastaslight.
Atlastthespaceshipsloweddownandthecomputerstartedworkingagain.
2.Letstudentsreadthepassageagainanddothefollowing:
Supposeyouareascientistreadingthispassage.Usethischecklisttodiscoverthenewideasabout“blackholes”.Thenwritethemfortheotherscientiststoreadabout.
Oldideasabout“blackholes”Wasthiswhatwefound?Newideasabout“blackholes”
1.Blackholescannotbeseen.
2.Gravitypullsobjectstowardsthem.
3.Objectsgoroundoutsidetheedgeofthe“blackhole”.
4.Allobjectsmustgointothe“blackhole”whentheyarecaughtbyitsgravity.
3.Severalminuteslater,showtheanswersonthescreenandcheckthemwiththewholeclass.Atthesametime,dealwithanydifficultlanguagepointsthatstudentscan’tunderstand.
Suggestedanswers:

Oldideasabout“blackholes”Wasthiswhatwefound?Newideasabout“blackholes”
1.Blackholescannotbeseen.Yes
2.Gravitypullsobjectstowardsthem.Yes
3.Objectsgoroundoutsidetheedgeofthe“blackhole”.Yes
4.Allobjectsmustgointothe“blackhole”whentheyarecaughtbyitsgravity.YesTheycanbethrownfarfromthe“blackhole”bytheenergyinthe“blackhole”.
→Step6Consolidation
Askstudentstogobacktothetwopassages.Givethemseveralminutestobepreparedtoretellthewholestoryintheirownwords.Thenaskasmanystudentsaspossibletocometothefronttotellthestory.
→Step7Homework
1.FinishofftheWorkbookexercises.
2.Learntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispartbyheart.
3.Tellthestorytoyourfriendsorfamily.
板书设计
Unit4　Astronomy:thescienceofthestars
ExtensiveReading
AVISITTOTHEMOON
1)WritedownthethreewaysinwhichgravitychangedforLiYanping.

Thewaygravitychanged
LefttheearthThegravitybecameverystrong.
InspaceThegravitydisappeared.
OnthemoonThegravitybecameverylight.
2)Hisweightchangedthreetimes,too.Nowwritethemdown.
Howhisweightchanged
LefttheearthHebecameveryheavy.
InspaceHehadnoweightandcouldfloataroundlikeafeather.
OnthemoonHewasaboutone-sixthofhisweightontheearth.
活动与探究
GotothelibraryandsurftheInternettofindasmuchinformationasyoucanaboutspaceandthemoon.Andyouareexpectedtopresentittoyourteacherandclassmatesinthenextclass.