高二英语Scienceversusnature教案。
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高二英语Scienceversusnature教案
Verb-edform
一、V-ed分词具有形容词和副词性质，在句中可充当定语、表语、宾语补语、状语。
1．作定语
过去分词作定语，表示已经完成的被动的动作或状态,但不及物动词构成的过去分词只表示完成，而不表示被动意义。
例如：完成+被动：apollutedriveralockedroomawell-educatedman
只有完成：aretiredworkerafallenleafboiledwater
作定语的V-ed分词也有前置和后置两种情况。单个过去分词作定语，常常位于被修饰的名词前；而过去分词短语作定语时，常常位于被修饰的名词后面，相当于一个定语从句。
Eg.1).Youshouldimproveyourspoken(speak)English.
2).What’sthelanguagespoken(speak)inthatarea?
=.What’sthelanguagewhich/thatisspoken(speak)inthatarea?
3).Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeopletrappedinthefire.
=Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeoplewhowastrappedinthefire.
4).Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.
=Themeeting,whichwasattendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.
2．作表语
作表语的V-ed分词大多转化成为形容词，通常用于联系动词之后（例如be,seem,appear,look,sound,feel,remain,stay,become,get等），表示主语所处的状态
1).Edisonbecameinterested(interest)insciencewhenhewasveryyoung.
2).Shelooksveryexcited(excite)atthenews.
3).WhenIwascleaningthewindow,myfingergotcut(cut)unexpectedly.
3．作宾语补足语
如果宾语与后面作宾补的动词构成被动关系，则使用V-ed分词作宾补。可以带V-ed分词作宾补的词有：with,see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel,sense,find,leave,keep,get,have,make.
1).Ihadmymoneystolen(steal)onthebus.
2).AsheknowslittleEnglish,hefindsitdifficulttomakehimselfunderstood(understand).
3).Inthemorning,peoplewokeupandfoundtheworldoutsidetheirhousescompletelychanged(change).
4．作状语
作状语的V-ed分词与主句之间常有逗号隔开,在句中可表示时间,原因,条件,让步,伴随等情况,并可转化为相应的状语从句。作状语的V-ed和主句的主语常有被动关系。
1)时间状语
Seenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.
=Whentheearthisseenfromspace,itlooksblue.
Askedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.
=Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.
2)原因状语
Bornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.
=Ashewasbornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.
Becausetheyweremovedbythestory,theydecidedtohelpher.
=Movedbythestory,theydecidedtohelpher.
3)条件状语
Givenmoretime,wearesuretofinishit.
=Ifwearegivenmoretime,wearesuretofinishit.
Comparedwithotherprofessors,sheisanexcellentspeaker.
=.
4)让步状语
Laughedatbyeverybody,hehadmysympathy.
=Thoughhewaslaughedatbyeverybody,hehadmysympathy.
Eventhoughhewasdefeatedbyhisopponent,hestillisaheroinmyheart.
=Defeatedbyhisopponent,hestillisaheroinmyheart.
5)伴随状语
Theboysatatthetableburiedinhishomework.
=Theboysatatthetableandhewasburiedinhishomework.
Thegirllayinbedlostinthought.
=Thegirllayinbedandshewaslostinthought.
Iwillspendthenightlocked(lock)inyourroom.
Shelefttherestaurant,disappointed(disappoint)withthebadservice.
二、转化为形容词的V-ed
有一些过去分词已转化为形容词,失去被动意义,仅表状态。如:hidden,dressed,lost,seated,determined,absorbed,injured,based,surprised,satisfied,bored,tired…
e.gWhatmadeyousofrightened?
Thedog,boredwiththegame,willnotplayanymore.
=Thedog,whichisboredwiththegame,willnotplayanymore.
Muchinterested,heagreedtogiveitatry.
=Ashewasmuchinterested,heagreedtogiveitatry.
Seatedinthecar,thePresidentwavedtothecrowd.
=Whilehewasseatedinthecar,thePresidentwavedtothecrowd.
三、连词+V-ed
过去分词有时和连词(when,while,whenever,until,if,unless,once,though,
although，eventhough/if)一起用，相当于状语从句的紧缩式。
（注意：before/after后不直接跟V-ed分词，而用before/after＋beingdone,因为此时分词前的before/after是介词。）
Ifaccepted(accept)forthispost,youwillbeinformedbyMay1st.
Unlesschanged(change),thislawwillmakelifedifficultforfarmers.
Iwillnotgiveupmyplaneveniftold(tell)to.
Thesemachinesmustbecheckedbeforebeingused(use).
四、tobedone,beingdone,done,havingbeendone作定语的区别：
以上四种形式都表示被动，都可作定语。tobedone表示即将被…;beingdone表示正在被…;done表示被做过了…;havingbeendone作非限制性定语，和被修饰词用逗号隔开,强调在谓语动词的动作之前完成。
Thequestiontobediscussed(discuss)tomorrowinvolvespollution.
Thequestiondiscussed(discuss)yesterdayinvolvespollution.
Thequestionbeingdiscussed(discuss)nowinvolvespollution.
Thequestion,havingbeendiscussed(discuss)foryears,involvespollution.
五、done,havingbeendone作状语的区别：
beingdone一般在句中不作状语,而用done代替之。havingbeendone强调动作在谓语动作之前完成,或已经持续一段时间的动作,常用作时间和原因状语,done则不强调时间先后和持续一段时间。
Led(lead)bythelocalguide,wewentfurtherintotheforest.
Havingbeentaken(take)goodcareofforhalfayear,thepatientbecamefarbetter.
Havingbeentranslated(translate)intomanylanguages,thenoveliswell-knownthroughouttheworld.
练习：
1.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_______thenextyear.
A．carryoutB．carryingoutC．carriedoutD．tocarryout
2.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot_________frommyfriends.
A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed
3.Itshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhen______atthemeetingbymyboss.
A.questioningB.havequestionedC.questionedD.tobequestioned
4.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.Youvehadit____oftenenough.
A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained
5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.
A．beginsB．havingbegun ?C．beginningD．begun
6._____inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythepolice.
A.HavingbeenlostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing
7.______inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.
A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed
8.Isatbeforethedeskuntilaftermid-night,_____inwriting.
A.beingabsorbedB.absorbedC.tobeabsorbedD.absorbing
9.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents________.
A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry
10.______withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall
A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared
11.When______differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.
A.comparedB.beingcomparedC.comparingD.havingcompared
12.______intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.
A.PutB.PuttingC.HavingbeenputD.Beingput
13._________bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.
A．AttractingB．AttractedC．TobeattractedD．Havingattracted
14.Whenfirst______tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess
A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced
15.____andhappy,Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.
A.SurprisingB.SurprisedC.BeingsurprisedD.Tobesurprising
16.Isthisthewatchyouwish_____?
A.tohaverepairedB.torepairitC.tohaveitrepairedD.willberepaired
17._____manytimes,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.
A.HavingbeentoldB.Thoughhehadbeentold
C.HewastoldD.Havingtold
18.______behindthedoor,Iwasn’tfoundbythefellow.
A.HiddenB.TohideC.HideD.Havinghidden
19.Helenhadtoshout_____abovethesoundofthemusic.
A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhear
C.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard
20.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain___astheplanewasmakingalanding.
A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating
21.You’dbetterhaveyoursportsjacket_____.It’stoodirty.
A.towashB.washedC.washingD.wash
22.Mostoftheguests_____totheChristmaspartywerecollegestudentsfromforeigncountries.
A.beinginvitedB.invitingC.invitedD.tobeinvited
23.Thecar_______inGermanyinthe1960slooksoldnow.
A.producedB.producingC.toproduceD.whichproduced
24.Iwillgototheparty________.
A.ifinvitedB.ifhavinginvitedC.ifIwasinvitedD.ifIwillbeinvited
25.Thestudents,____atthewaythequestionwasput,didn’tknowhowtoanswerit.
A.beingsurprisedB.surprisedC.surprisingD.havingsurprised
26._____theirstudy,manyChinesestudentsoverseasreturntoChina.
A.HavingbeencompletedB.CompletedC.HavingcompletedD.Completing
27.SwanLakeisafamousballetinfouracts,_____onaGermanfairytale.
A.basingB.basedC.tobaseD.bases
28.______fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanycountryintheworld.
A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated
29._____suchheavypollution,theriverisunlikelytobecleanedupinsuchashorttime.
A.SufferB.HavingsufferedC.BeingsufferedD.Tosuffer
Keys:1-5CACDD6-10AABAD11-15CABBB16-20ACADC21-25BCAAB
26-29CBCBwwW.jaB88.cOM
相关知识
Scienceversusnature“WordPower”
Teachingplanof“WordPower”
Teachingobjects:
1.learnprefixandsuffixandlearntoguessmeaningsbasedonprefixandsuffix
2.learnorgansofthebody
Teachingprocedures:
IPrefixesandsuffixes
StepILead-in
appear,novel,regular,respect
Wearegoingtohavesomequestions.Pleaseusethesewordstohelpyou,butyouneedtoaddsomeletterstothewordsfirst.
1)Youcannotfindyournewpen.Whathappenedtoyourpen?Itdisappeared
2)ManypeoplerespectMr.Liandthinkheisagoodman.Hehelpspeopleoutandisagoodcitizenandfriend.SocanyoufindawordtodescribeMr.Li?
Respectable
3)MissWanghaspublishedseveralbooks.Shelovesherjobwritingnovels.SowhatisMissWang’soccupation(职业)?Sheisanovelist
4)Youcannotfindtheorderofthenumbersinagroupofmembers.Socanyoufindawordtodescribetheorderofthenumbers?irregular
StepIIIntroduction
independence
independence
prefix(前缀)root(词根)suffix(后缀)
Prefix:agroupoflettersthatisaddedtothebeginningofawordtochangeitsmeaning.
Suffix:aletteroragroupoflettersaddedtotheendofawordtomakeadifferentword.
Attention!
Usuallyaprefixwillchangethemeaningofword,whileasuffixwillchangethepartofspeechofaword.
StepIIIPrefixes
Sometimesyoucanguesswhatawordmeansbylookingatitsprefixorsuffix.Lookattheexamplesandworkoutthemeanings.
PrefixExampleMeaning
anti-anti-cloning,anticanceragainst,opposedto
dis-
un-disappear,disagree
unfair,unwillingnot,apposedof
in-
il-
im-
ir-incorrect,incomparable
illegal,illogical
immoral,immodest
irresponsible,irregular
not,without
pre-preview,preserveearly,before
pro-pro-cloninginfavourof,supporting
re-recreate,repeat,renewagain
StepIVAddinginformation
Someothercommonlyusedprefixes
PrefixExampleMeaning
de-decompose,declassifyapart,from
mal-maltreatment,malnutritionbadly,ill
non-non-smoker,non-alcoholic,non-profitnot
inter-international,interaction,interruptbetween
tele-telescope,telegram,telecommunicationfaroff
trans-transport,translate,transnationalacross
mis-misunderstand,mislead,misdeedwrong
sub-subtitle,subway,submarineunder
over-overeat,overwork,overacttoomuch
tri-triangle,tricycle,tricolorthree
auto-autobiography,autoalarm,automobileself
StepVSuffixes
SuffixExampleMeaning
-ablecomfortable,noticeableworthyof,abletobe
-fulcheerful,thoughtfulfullof,characterizedby
-istscientist,novelistsomeonewhodoessomething
-lesshopeless,aimlesswithout
-mentagreement,treatmentindicateastateorcondition
-nessdryness,madnessindicateaquality,stateorcharacter
StepVIAddinginformation
Someothercommonlyusedsuffixes
-alcultural,national,originaloforconcerning
-ioninvitation,competition,protectionactionorconditionof…
-shiphardship,scholarship,relationshipstateofbeing,skill
-domfreedom,kingdomconditionorstateof…
-ishchildish,selfishofthenatureof…
-proofwaterproof,fireproof,soundproofprotectagainst
-enwiden,sharpen,shortenmakeorbecome
-wardeastward,homeward,backwardinthedirectionof
-likewomanlike,childlikesimilarto
StepVIIExercise
Doyouthinkweshouldprotectnature?Completewhatanenvironmentalistissayingbelow.Usethewordsfromthebox.
disrespect,hopeless,illegal,uncertain,understandable
Ithinkcuttingdowntreesshouldbemade(1)_______andtighterlawsshouldbeintroduced.Somanypeopleareshowingtheir(2)________fornature;theydon’tseemtocarethattheyaredestroyingtheenvironment.SometimesIthinkwearefightinga(3)________battleagainstpeoplewhojustwon’tlisten.Iknowscientistshaveworkedhardtoachievescientificbreakthroughbutit’s(4)___________whetherthey’llsucceedtotally.Althoughit’s(5)__________thattheywanttoadvancetechnology,Ithinksomethingsarebestleftthewaytheyare.
StepVIIIorgansofthebody
Lookatthepicturesofthemajororgansofthebodyandtrytorecognizethem.
KeyforExerciseB
(1)Brain(2)heart(3)liver(4)lungs(5)stomach(6)kidneys
StepVIIIIHomework
1.CompletePartConpage47inpairsorgroups.
2.ReadthearticleinPartAonpage113anddoParBonthesamepage.
Unit3Scienceversusnature教案
Unit3Scienceversusnature教案
Module5Unit3Scienceversusnature语言点
Reading
1.Ontheotherhand,somescientistspointoutthatifyoucloneanembryo,youcanproducevaluablehumantissues---suchasboneorlungtissue—thatcouldbeusedtosavehumanlives.Ontheotherhand,manypeople,includingsomescientists,disagreeandareafraidthat,ifmankindtoyswithnatureinthisway,wemaybeonourwaytoproducingareal-lifeFrankenstein’smonster.
(1)on(the)onehand…ontheotherhand…一方面…另一方面…
Ononehand,rapiddevelopmentoftheeconomywillimprovethelivingconditionsofpeople.Ontheotherhand,itwillspeedupenvironmentaldestruction.
(短语)athand在手边，在附近byhand用手；亲手
inhand手头现有的，正在进行，在处理中handin交上来
handout分发handover移交
handdown把…传下去handinhand手拉手
(2)pointat，pointto和pointout的意思都与“指”有关，但还是有一定区别。
pointat习惯上表示指向离说话人较近的事物，意为“指着”，at是介词，着重于指的对象。pointto多用来表示指向离说话人较远的事物，意为“指向”，to也是介词，着重于指的方向。pointat可分开使用，point后直接跟名词或代词作宾语，at表示方向，而pointto却没有这种用法，但它还表示“显示、说明”的意思。
pointout表示的是给某人指示方向，要点或错误等，意为“指出”，out是副词。
根据句意，用pointat，pointto或pointout的适当形式填空。
1.Theteacherispointingat/tothemaponthewall.
2.Boththehourhandandtheminutehandpointtotwelve.Itwasnoon.
3..Canyoupointoutthemanyoususpect?
4.Alltheevidencepointstohisguilt.
5.Theypointedtheirgunsatherheadbutshewasnotafraid.
Onthepointofdoingsthwhen正要做某事。。。突然
tothepoint击中要害aturningpoint转折点
explain…pointbypoint逐点解释
(3)toywith玩弄；不认真对待
她指责那个年轻人玩弄她的感情。
Sheaccusedtheyoungmanoftoyingwithherfeelings.
那个小女孩只是把食物拨弄着玩儿，因为她并不饿。
Thelittlegirljusttoyedwithherfood,asshewasn’treallyangry.
(4)onone’s(the)waytodoingsth.“正在做某事的过程中,即将成功,离…不远了”.to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词短语.
1.他即将成为一个导演。
Heisonhiswaytobecomingadirector.
2.期中考试就要临近了，因此他学习更加刻苦了。
Themid-examinationisonitsway,soheisworkingharder.
我正在去上学的路上，这时我偶然遇到了我的一位朋友
Onthe/mywaytoschool,whenIcameacrossafriendofmine.
A.(练习)I’vejustheardawarning______theradiothatastormmaybe____itsway.
A.on,onB.over,inC.on,aboveD.from,on
复习下列短语：
intheway防碍，挡道bytheway顺便问问，顺便说说
inaway在某种意义上，在某种程度上bywayof途经
innoway决不alltheway一路上；至始至终
makewayfor为...腾出地方；让路makeone’swayto(辛苦地)前进
2.Instead,hethinksresearcheffortsshouldconcentrateoncreatingnewtissuesandorgansthatcanbeusedtocurediseaseslikecancer.
concentrate/focus/fixon/upon集中注意力在…上
concentrateone’sattention/energy/efforts/oneselfon/upon把…集中在…上
由于外面太吵，我不能集中注意力在学习上。
Icouldn’tconcentrateonmystudybecauseoftheloudnoiseoutside.
Effortsshouldbeconcentratedonhowtoproducemoreproductstomeettheneedsofpeople.
3.However,somepeopleconsiderthatcloninghumanembryoswiththeintentionofdestroyingthemshowsnorespectforhumanlife.
intention(n.)目的，打算，意图
intend(v.)意欲，打算intended(adj.)打算的，计划的
withtheintentionof为了，以…为目的或意图withoutintention没有目的的
intendtodosth.想要做某事beintendedtodosth.旨在做某事
HewenttoParistolearnFrench.
HewenttoPariswiththeintentionoflearningFrench.
对不起，我不想伤害你的感情，我只是想告诉你真相。
Sorry,Ididn’tintendtohurtyourfeeling;Ijustwantedtotellyouthetruth.
这项旨在保护环境活动正在进行中。
Thecampaignintendedtoprotectenvironmentisunderway.
4.Idon’twanttoadoptsomeoneelse’schild—ifIhadthechance,Iwouldhaveaclonedbabyrightnow.
adopt“收养，领养”；“采用”
Manyfamilieshavetoadoptchildrenbecausetheycannothaveababyoftheirown.领养小孩
Theyadopteddifferentmethodstotrytosolvetheproblems.采用不同的方法
IfIhadmet(meet)himyesterday,Iwouldhavetold(tell)himaboutit.
Shoulditrain(rain)tomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved.
5.Whilecloninghumanembryosisnotlegalinmanycountries,somescientistsarealreadypushingaheadwithresearchinordertoproduceaclonedhumanbaby.
(1)while:conj.1)though尽管，虽然;2)when/as…的时候;3)而
虽然我理解你所说的,但我不同意你的观点.
ThoughIunderstandwhatyousaid,Icantagreewithyou
母亲在做饭我在看电视.
MotherwascookingwhileIwaswatchingTV.
B.Idoeverysinglebitofhousework________myhusbandBobjustdoesthedishesnowandthen.
A.sinceB.whileC.whenD.as
A.Wethoughttherewere35studentsinthedininghall,_____,infact,therewere40.
A.whileB.whetherC.whatD.which
D._____Englishcanbedifficulttolearn,itisaveryusefultoolforcommunication.
A.BecauseB.AsC.OnceD.While
(2)pushaheadwith推进，推行
这样不得人心的政策是很难推行下去的。
Itishardtopushaheadwithsuchanunpopularpolicy.
6.Chinahassucceededinproducingclonesofcowsandgoats,andcontinuestoresearchwaysinwhichcloningcanbenefitmankind.
(1)succeedindoingsth成功做某事
Hesucceededinturningtobeingabusinessman.
=Hemanagedtoturntobeingabusinessman.
(2)benefit(n.)利益，好处；(vt.)使…受益
(词组)beofbenefitto=bebeneficialto对…有裨益
forthebenefitof…为了…的利益
benefitsb./sth.有益于某人/某物benefitfrom/by从…中获益
ItissaidYogaisofgreatbenefittohealth.
=ItissaidYogaisverybeneficialtohealth.
这种愚蠢的行为对你没有好处。（benefitsb）
Thisfoolishbehaviourdidn’tbenefityou.
许多学生都得益于这本好字典。（benefitfrom/by）
Manystudentshavebenefitedfrom/bythisgooddictionaryalot.
7.Iwouldliketocommentonyourarticle‘Theperfectcopy’.
comment(n.vi.)评论，评注
make(acomment)commentson/uponsb./sth.=commenton/uponsb./sth.评论某人（某事）
Hemadeseveralcommentsonthebook.
Wewouldliketheaudiencetocommentonournewplay.
8．Onapersonalnote,cloningwouldtotallytransformmylife.
ona…note“以…语气，以…论调”
Heendedhisspeechtohisemployeesonahumorousnote.(用幽默的语气)
Onamoreseriousnote(以更加严肃的语气),themanagermentionedtheaccidentlastmonth.
Project
1.Noteverythingthatisbestfornatureisgoodforpeople.
句中that引导定语从句，修饰everything。
否定词not出现在含有all,both,everything,everyone以及every+名词的句中表示部分否定，not可位于这些词的前面，也可以位于他们后面。
e.g.Notbothofthemhavereadthisbook.=Bothofthemhaven’treadthisbook.
Allbamboodoesn’tgrowwell.=Notallbamboogrowswell.
Noteverythingthatisbestfornatureisgoodforpeople.
=Everythingthatisbestfornatureisnotgoodforpeople.
2．Wouldanyonesaythatdevelopmentshouldbestoppedinfavorofnature?
infavourof:有利于，赞同（接名词、代词和动名词）
askafavourof请某人帮忙
dosb.afavour=doafavourforsb.帮某人一个忙
我们赞成这个建议。
Weareinfavorofthissuggestion..
我和朋友谈过，他完全赞同放弃这个计划。
Italkedtomyfriendaboutit,andheisallinfavorofgivinguptheplan.
3．Shouldtheybeblamedfordestroyinghundredsofthousandsofacresofrainforestifitmeansabetterincomefortheirpeople?
blamev.n.
blame…for…因为某事责备某人blamesth.on把某事归咎于某人
sb.betoblame(forsth.)=sb.shouldbeblamed(forsth.)某人因受责备
Sheblamedhisfailureonhercarelessness.
Shedidn’tblameanyoneforthemistake.
A.Whois________thefire?
A.toblameforstartingB.toblametostart
C.tobeblamedforstartingD.tobeblamedtostart
4．Nowhereisthistruerthanwithgeneticallymodifiedfood.
本句为倒装句，nowhere…truer…是比较级的形式，表示最高级的意义。
我们班没有人比他学习更用功。
Nooneinmyclassworksharderthanhim.
当时我找不到一个可以帮助我的人。
NowherecouldIfindapersontohelpmeatthattime.
5.Researchhasbeenlimitedtoincreasingproductionprofits,ratherthanmakingsure—thatGMfoodsaresafe.
belimitedto+n/doing局限于
schoolEducationshouldnotbelimitedtogaining(gain)knowledgeonly.
limitn.限度；限制
theagelimit年龄限制thespeedlimit速度限制
gobeyond/overthelimit超过限度withinthelimitsof在。。。范围内
Scienceversusnature(BriefTeachingPlan)Grammarandusage
Unit3Scienceversusnature(BriefTeachingPlan)Grammarandusage
Teachingobjects:
1.Learntheusageofverb-edformandverb-edphrases
2.Learnthedifferenceandusageofverb-ingandverb-edasadjectives
Teachingprocedures:
StepIIntroduction
Verb-edformcanbeusedlikeanadjectiveoranadverbinasentenceservingas(充当)attribute(定语),predicative(表语)andobjectcomplement(宾语补足语)
Whentheverb-edformisusedasanattribute,itcanbechangedintoanattributiveclause.Theverb-edformcanalsobeusedasanadverbmodifying(修饰)someverbssuchasstand,sit,lie…etc.toshowthetwoactionshappeningatthesametime.
Pleaseidentifythepartsofspeech(词性)oftheverb-edformindifferentsentences
1)Thehandwrittennotesarefromjack.
2)Thekidnapperswereusingastolencar.
3)Adark-hairedmanwentintotheroom.
4)Thecakewasleftuntouchedonthetable.
5)Thegirllaytrappedunderthewreckage(船舶残骸).
StepIItheusageofverb-edform
Thefunctionsofverb-edform
1.attribute(定语)
1)Asingleverb-edcanappearbeforeanounmodifyingthenounlikeanadjective.Itcanbechangedintoanattributiveclause.
Weshoulddrinkboiledwater.=Weshoulddrinkwaterwhichhasbeenboiled
Theytooktheinjuredwomantothenearbyhospitalatonce.
=Theytookthewomanwhowasinjuredtothenearbyhospitalatonce.
2)Generallyspeaking(一般说来),theverb-edformoftransitiveverbs(及物动词)expressespassivemeaningswhiletheverb-edformofintransitiveverbs(不及物动词)expressesactiveandpastmeanings.Someverb-edsbeforenounscanexpresspastmeanings,suchasescaped,retiredandfallen.
theescapedcriminal 逃犯past
thedevelopedcountries 发达国家past
awidelyusedlanguagepassive
theretiredscientistpast
thehighlypraisedscientistpassive
fallenleaves落叶past
therisensun 升起的太阳past
theexploitedclasses被剥削阶级passive
3)Averb-edphrasecanappearafteranountomodifythenounlikeanattributiveclausedoes.
Thenamementionedintheletterwasunknowntome.
=Thenamewhichwasmentionedintheletterwasunknowntome.
Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeopletrappedinthefire.
=Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeoplewhoweretrappedinthefire.
Scientificexperimentscarriedoutbystudentswithouttheteacher’sinstructionscanbedangerous.
=Scientificexperimentswhicharecarriedoutby……
4)Averb-edcanbepartofacompound(复合词)withanadverboranounbeforeit.
aso-calledprofessor一个所谓的教授
homemadepizza自制的比萨饼
awell-acceptedidea广泛接受的想法
ahighly-respectedprofessor极受尊重的教授
awell-paidjob报酬颇丰的工作
underdevelopedregions不发达地区
handmadefurniture手工制作的家具
5)Averb-edcanalsobeusedasanon-restrictiveattribute(非限定性定语)whichisseparatedfromthenounitmodifiesbyacomma(逗号).
Thebooks,writtenbyLuXun,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople.
=Thebooks,whichwerewrittenbyLuXun,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople.
Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.
=Themeeting,whichwasattendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.
2.predicative(表语)Itcanbeputaftersomelink-verbs(系动词)suchas:be,seem,appear,look,sound,feel,remain,stay,become…
1)Edisonbecameinterestedinsciencewhenhewasveryyoung.
2)Thelittleboywasveryexcitedwhenheheardthathecouldgototheparty.
3.Objectcomplement(宾语补足语)Itcanbeusedaftersomeverbssuchas:see,hear,notice,watch,find,get,have,feel,make,leave,keep…
1)AsheknowslittleEnglish,hefindsitdifficulttomakehimselfunderstood.
2)Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.
3)Shefoundthedoorlocked.
4.Averb-edcanbeusedafterverbslikestand,sitandlietoshowthatthetwoactionsarehappeningatthesametime.
Thegirllayinbedlostinthought.=Thegirllayinbedandwaslostinthought.
Theboysatatthetableburiedinhishomework.
=Theboysatatthetableandwasburiedinhishomework.
KeyforExerciseA:(1)disappointed(2)puzzled(3)excited(4)thrilled(5)interested(6)bored
KeyforExerciseB:
2.Theproblemscreatedbycloningwillsoonbeclear.
3.Wedon’twantbeastsproducedbyscientiststoreplaceusoneday.
4.Thetechnologyusedisamazing.
5.Theonlythingneededisjustacellfromyouroldpet.
StepIIITheusageofverb-edphrases
Averb-edphraseisactuallyaverb-edfollowedbyanobjector/andadverbial.Theverb-edphrasescanbeusedastheadverbial (状语)toexpressthetime,thereasonandcondition
1.Averb-edphrasecanbeaverb-edonitsown.Itcanalsobefollowedbyanobjectand/oradverbial.
1)Shelefttherestaurant,disappointed.
2)Shelefttherestaurant,disappointedwiththebadservice.
3)Heated,waterchangesintosteam.
4)Thegirlwassenttothehospital,seriouslyinjured.
5)Thegirlwassenttothehospital,seriouslyinjuredinthecaraccident.
2.Passiveverb-edphrasescanexpresstime,reasonandcondition.Wecanuseadverbialclauses(状语从句)torewritethephrases.
1)time
Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.
=Whentheparkisseenfromthehill,itlooksverybeautiful.
Whencompleted,themuseumwillbeopentothepublic.
=Whenitiscompleted,themuseumwillbeopentothepublic.
Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.=Onceitisseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.
2)reason
Frightenedbythethunderandlightninginthenight,thegirldidnotdaresleepaloneinherownroom.
=Becauseshewasfrightenedbythethunderandlightninginthenight,thegirldidnotdaresleepaloneinherownroom.
Lostinthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.
=Becausehewaslostinthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.
3)condition
Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.
=Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.
Unlessinvitedtospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.
=Unlessyouareinvitedtospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.
Comparedwithotherprofessors,shewasanexcellentspeaker.
=Ifshewascomparedwithotherprofessors…
3.Understoodsubject(逻辑主语)
1)Theunderstoodsubjectisusuallythesameasthesubjectofthemainclause.(refertotheabovesentences)
2)Whenverb-edisusedasadverbial(状语)orpredicative(表语),itsunderstoodsubjectisthesubjectofthemainsentence.
Shebecamediscouragedatthenews.
3)动词－ed形式作定语时,它的逻辑主语是被它修饰的名词，它和名词之间是被动关系。
ThefirsttextbookswrittenforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.
4)verb－ed形式在句中作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语,它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Viviengotherfingerstrappedinthebicyclechain.
(trapped的逻辑主语是句子的宾语fingers)
Thevaluablevasewasfoundstolen.(stolen的逻辑主语是句子的主语vase)
Wegothomeonlytofindthewholehouseturnedupsidedown.Thievesobviouslyhadbrokenin.(turnedupsidedown的逻辑主语是句子的宾语house)
KeyforExerciseA
2.Encouragedbyherteachers,Suziedidwellatschool.
3.Inspiredbyhisgrandfather,thechildwrotemorepoems.
4.Boredbythegame,thedogwillnotplayanymore.
StepIVVerb-ingandverb-edusedasadjectives
Readtheinstructionsonthebookandfinishthefollowingexercisestochoosethecorrectwordsfromthebrackets.
Peoplehavealwaysbeen_________(interested/interesting)infindingoutaboutworldrecords.
HughBeaverwenttointerviewthetwobrothersandfoundtheirknowledge______(amazed/amazing)
Afterbeingtoldseveraltimes,MrSmithstillfelt________(puzzled/puzzling)anddidnotknowwhattodo.
Thefilm‘PearlHarbor’isreally_______(excited/exciting).
Hisresponsetothequestionwasquite__________(disappointed/disappointing).
KeyforExerciseB
(1)tired(2)burnt(3)bored(4)disappointing(5)pleased(6)challenging
(7)relaxed
StepVHomework
FinishPartsC1andC2onpage108inWorkbook.
ScienceversusNature教学设计
Reading(1)
Teachingobjectives:
1.Toreinforcestudents’comprehensionofthetextandimprovetheirotherskillsbyparticipatinginalltheactivities.
2.Tohelpstudentsknowthewidespreaddiscussionaboutcloningandholdtheirownattitudestowardsit.
3.Toenablestudentstomasterthereadingstrategyandbecomemorecompetentinreadingarticlesrelatedtoscience.
Teachingfocusanddifficulties:
1.Studentscanworkoutthemeaningofdifficultorunfamiliarscientifictermswithreadingstrategy.
2.Studentscanholdtheirownopinionsonthebaseofreadingthearticle.
Teachingaids:
Themultimedia
Briefteachingprocedures:
Step1Lead-in
Checkthehomework.Encouragestudentstosharetheirsourcesrelevanttocloningtechnologywiththewholeclass.Tellstudentsthatcloninghasbeenthesubjectofscientificexperimentsforyears.Therecentsuccessincloninganimalshasresultedinfiercedebatesbetweenscientists,politiciansandpublic.
Step2Readingstrategy
Getstudentstogothroughthereadingstrategy,andmakesurethateveryoneofthemunderstandshowtoworkoutthemeaningofthesescientificterms.
Step1Beginbyreadingthefirstandlastparagraphsforanideaofwhatthearticleisabout.
Step2Circleanywordsyoudonotnow.Questionthingsyoudonotunderstandorthatdonotappeartomakesense.
Step3Readthroughthearticleafewtimes,andmakesenseofthescientifictermsuponfurtherreadings.
Step3Firstreading—Mainidea
Askstudentstorefertothereadingpassageandfindoutthemainidea.
(Thereadingpassageismadeupofanewspaperarticleaboutcloningandtworeaders’letters.Wewillbegiveninformationabouthowcloningisbeingresearchedandthedifferentattitudestowardsit.)
Step4Secondreading—Understandingscientificterms
Askstudentstocircletheunfamiliarwordsorthingstheydonotunderstandwhilesecondreading.(Forexample:embryo,tissuesandorgans,interferewithnature,etc)
Step5Thirdreading—Detailedinformation
Askstudentstoreadonlythearticlecarefully,andfinishthefollowingexercises:
1.Whatarethedifferentattitudestowardsthesuccessofcloningahumanembryo?
Ontheonehand(valuabletissuesandorganscanbeproducedandbeusedtosavehumanlives)
Ontheotherhand(humanbeingsmaybeonthewaytoproducingareal-lifemonster)
Somepeopleconsiderthat(cloninghumanembryoswiththeintentiontodestroythemshowsnorespectforhumanlife.)
2.Whoarethepersonsinthearticlerelatedtocloning?
personsintroductionsrelationstocloning
IanWilumtaScottishscientistwhocreatedDolly,thefirstmammaltobeclonedsuccessfullyfromanadultcellHewasshockedwhenhearingsomescientistswereconsideringcloninghumanbeings.Heneverintendstocreatecopiesofhumans.Instead,hethinkstheeffortsofscientistsshouldbedirectedtowardscreatingnewcellsandorgansthatcouldbeusedtocurediseaseslikecancer.
FayeWilsonawomanof41yearsoldwhocannothaveababy.Sheisdesperatetohaveababyofherown,achildthatisgeneticallyrelatedtoher.
SeverinoAntinorianItaliandoctor,whoisoneoftheleadersinthecloningresearchHehasdeclaredthathewantstobethefirsttocloneahumanbeing.
ChinesescientistswhohavefocusedtheireffortsoncloninganimalsandstemcellstobeusedinmedicalresearchChinahassucceededinproducingclonesofcowsandgoats,andcontinuestoresearchthewaysinwhichcloningcanbenefitmankind.
Askstudentstoreadthetwoletterscarefully,andjudgewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalse:
PaulineCarterthinks:
1.thenaturewillpaybackifweinterferewithnature.(T)
2.weshouldclonefewerbabiestoreduceEarth’spopulation.(F)
3.theladywhocannothaveababycanadoptanorphan,butnothaveaclonedbaby.(T)
ColineJakethinks:
1.thenewsthatthefirsthumanembryohasbeclonedsuccessfullyisveryterrible.(F)
2.scientistshavesucceededinchallengingquestionsofmorality.(F)
3.humancloningisagoodwaytosaveherdaughterwhohasdied.(F)
Step6Furtherdiscussion
Understandingthescientifictermsandreinforcingthecomprehensionofthetext,studentsaregottoformgroupsoffourorsixtodiscussthefurtherquestions:
1.Findthereasonswhypeoplearepro-oranti-cloninginthearticleandlettersandwritetheminthetablebelow
Pro-cloningAnti-cloning
1.producevaluabletissuesandorgansthatcouldbeusedtosavehumanlives1.mayproduceareal-lifeFrankenshtein’smonster
2.curediseaselikecancer2.createmorediseaseintheanimalworld
3.helpthosewhoareunabletohavechildren3.cloningshowsnorespectforhumanlife
4.helpthosewhowanttoclonetheirdeadchildren4.humanlifewouldnolongerbeunique
5.weshouldbehavingfewerbabiesinordertoreduceEarth’spopulation,notcloningmore
2.Doyouthinkitwouldbeeasyfortheclonedbabytoaccepthis/hersocialidentityasa‘cloned’humanbeing?
3.Whatwouldthepersonthathadtheoriginalcellfeelabouttheclonedbaby?
4.ThinkabouttherelationshipbetweenthetitleoftheunitScienceversusnatureandcloningtechnology.
Step7Homework
Thinkaboutthedifficultscientifictermsunderlinedbeforeuponthetextlearning
Reading(2)—LanguagePoints
1.Arecentannouncementbyscientiststhattheyhavesuccessfullyclonedthefirsthumanembryo…
announcement(n.)宣告，通知，声明
(短语)make/issueanannouncement发表声明
announce（vt.）宣告，通知，声明
(短语)announcesth.tosb.(不能用announcesb.sth.)
(比较)announce/declare
announce指对公众或特定的一群关心的人进行宣布；declare指官方的正式宣告
Everyonewassilentasheannouncedthewinnerofthecompetition.
Thispowerfulcountrydeclaredwaronthatsmallcountry.
2.Ontheonehand,somescientistspointoutthatifyoucloneanembryo,youcan…
①on(the)onehand…ontheotherhand…一方面…另一方面…（单独使用ontheotherhand时，hand不能省略，但与ontheonehand连用时，可省略）
Ononehand,rapiddevelopmentoftheeconomywillimprovethelivingconditionsofthepeople.Ontheotherhand,itwillspeedupenvironmentaldestruction.
(短语)athand在手边，在附近byhand亲手，手工
inhand手头现有的，正在进行，在处理中
handinhand手拉手
Handsoff!请勿动手！不许干涉Handsup!举起手来！
②pointout指出Hepointedoutmymistake.他指出我的错误。
pointto/pointat指着，指向某人或某物（两个词组可互换使用）Hepointedat/toapicture.
pointat对准，瞄准(某人用枪对准某人某物等)
Theypointedatherheadbutshewasnotafraid.
pointto表明，指向(主语为证据、时针以及宾语为某一方向时)
Theevidencepointstohimasthecriminal.
Thehandsoftheclockpointedtohalfpastthree.
Thecompassneedlepointstothenorth.
3.…theymaybeontheirwaytoproducingareal-lifeFrankensrein’smonster.
onone’s(the)waytodoingsth.“正在做某事的过程中”.to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词短语
(练习)I’vejustheardawarning______theradiothatastormmaybe______itsway.
a.on,onb.over,inc.on,aboved.from,on
(短语)onone’s(the)wayto在去…的途中bytheway顺便问问，顺便说说
bywayof途经inaway在某种意义上，在某种程度上
inone’s(the)way挡路inthisway用这种方式
4.However,ingeneralthescientistswerepraisedfortheirwonderfulscientificbreakthrough.
①ingeneral一般说来，从总体上看，大体上
Ingeneral,redisthemostpopularcolourthisseason.
(短语)inageneralway一般，通常asageneralrule在一般情况下
②praise(vi.vt.n.)表扬，赞扬，表彰
(短语)winhighpraise受到高度赞扬inpraiseof赞扬（某人）
beyondallpraises赞美不尽的，赞不绝口的
beloudinsb.’spraise对某人极力称赞
praisesb.forsth.因某事而赞美/称赞某人
（练习）Hegaveaspeechinpraiseofschoollife.
他做了一个赞美学校生活的演讲。
Heishighlypraisedforhisresearchongenes.
他的基因研究受到了高度赞扬。
5.However,somepeopleconsiderthatcloninghumanembryoswiththeintentionofdestroyingthemshowsnorespectforhumanlife.
withtheintentionof为了，以…为目的或意图
HehasdecidedtogoabroadtostudywiththeintentionofimprovinghisEnglishandfindingabetterjobwhenhereturns.
intention(n.)目的，打算，意图
（词组）withoutintention无意地makeone’sintensionclear说清楚自己的目的
state/announceone’sintention声明自己的意图
(练习)Ibeganreadingwiththe___b___offinishingthebook,butIneverdid.
a.interviewb.intentionc.applicationd.consideration
6.Idon’twanttoadoptsomeoneelse’schildandIdon’twanttouseanotherwoman’segg—Iwantachildthatisgenericallyrelatedtome.
①adopt(vt.)收养，领养；采用，采纳（议案、意见等）
Canyouadoptmynewidea?
Theyadoptedaneighbour’sboy.
(词组)adoptmeasures/newmethods/anidea采取措施/采用新办法/采纳意见
adoptaresolution通过一项议案
anadoptedson养子adoptedwords外来词
(比较)adopt/adapt
adopt收养，领养；采用，采纳（议案、意见等）；adapt使适合，使适应adapt…to…；改编adapt…for…
Shehadtoadaptherselftolocalconditions.她必须使自己适应当地的情况。
ThisEnglishnovelwasadaptedforthestage.这部小说被改编成了剧本。
(练习)Thecoupledecidedto_____aboybecausetheyhadthreegirls.
a.adaptb.adoptc.receiveb.keep
②berelatedto与…有关联；与…有联系
Canyourelatewhathappenedinyourchildhoodtoyourpresentstateofmind?
relate(v)和…相关，把…与…关联起来
relation(n.)关系，联系，家属，亲属
relative(adj.)有关系的，相对的；(n.)亲戚，亲属
7.Whilecloninghumanembryosisillegalinmanycountries,somescientistsarealreadypushingaheadwithresearchsoastodeliveraclonedhumanbaby.
①while(conj.)当…的时候，和…同时（while引导的从句要表示一段时间）
JohncameinwhileIwastypingaletter.当我正在用打字机打一封信时，约翰进来了。
(conj.)然而，虽然，尽管
Whilehewashatedbyothers,Ilikedhim.他虽受人恨，但我却喜欢他。
(练习)______Englishcanbedifficulttolearn,itisaveryusefultoolforcommunication.
a.Becauseb.Asc.Onced.While
②pushaheadwith推进，推行，毅然继续做某事
Itishardtopushaheadwithsuchanunpopularpolicy.
这样一个不得人心的政策很难推行下去的。
(词组)pushahead/forward/onwithsth.毅然继续做某事
pushsth.forward提出某事，迫使他人考虑或注意某事
pushsb./sth.over使某人/某物倒下；推倒某人/某物
③deliver在这里“接生，使分娩”之意
Herbabywasdeliveredbyanexperienceddoctor.
该词还有“投递，传送，释放，表达，解救”等意思
(词组)deliversb.fromdanger救某人脱险
deliversth.tosb.把某物交付给某人
deliveramessage/aletter传话/送信
deliveraspeech发表演说
bedeliveredof生下孩子
8.Chinahassucceededinproducingclonesofcowsandgoats,andcontinuestoresearchwaysinwhichcloningcanbenefitmankind.
①succeedindoingsth.成功地做某事（反义词组）failtodosth.
Afterpracticingmore,hesucceededinpassingthedrivingtest.
success(n.)successful(adj.)successfully(adv.)
②benefit(n.)利益，好处；(pl.)救济金
(词组)beofbenefitto对…有裨益forthebenefitof…为了…的利益
ItissaidYogaisofgreatbenefittohumanhealth.
(vt.vi.)有益于
benefitsb./sth.有益于某人/某物benefitfrom/by从…中获益
Suchfoolishbehaviorwillnotbenefityou.
Weallbenefitedfromhersuccess.
9.Wecouldproduceamonster,orevenasuperhumanracethatcouldonedayendupreplacingus.
endup以…而告终，后接现在分词；endupwith/in/as后接名词
Atfirstherefusedtoacceptanyresponsibilitybutheendedupapologizing.
Thepartyendedupwithasong.
Ifyoucontinuetosteal,youwillendupinprison.
10.Humanlifewouldnolongerbeunique;itwouldjustbeaproductforsale.
forsale待售，出售的
Thelandisnowforsaleatthatpricetoanyone.
现将那块地按该价出售，任何人都可购买。
onsale（英）出售，（美）廉价出售
Tomatosoupthatisusuallysoldattwelvecentsabowlisnowonsalefortencents.
11.Iwouldliketocommentonyourarticle‘Theperfectcopy’.
comment(n.vi.)评论，评注
(词组)make(acomment)commentsonsb./sth.同commenton/upon/aboutsb./sth.评论某人（某事）
Hemadeseveralcommentsonthebook.
Wewouldliketheaudiencetocommentonournewplay.
12.Afterall,scientistshavebeenchallengingquestionsofmoralityforcenturies.
afterall毕竟，终究，别忘了
Weallthoughthathewouldfail,buthesucceededafterall.
我们都认为他要失败，可他还是成功了。
(短语)aboveall首要，特别是firstofall首先，首要的是
inall总共，总计not…atall一点儿也不
allthesame仍然，还是notatall一点也不，不用客气
allthebest万事如意allthetime一直
13.Whenreadingarticlesrelatedtoscience,weoftencomeacrossdifficultorunfamiliarwords.
comeacross(偶尔)碰到，遇见，发现;同义词组runacross,runinto,meetwith
(短语)comeabout发生cometo达到，总计
comeon加油，快点comeover过来
comeup走上前，走过来
comeout出来，（花）开放，出版，（消息）传出
(练习)Jimwasveryhappyyesterdaybecausehe__b__thebookthathewanted.
a.cametob.cameacrossc.cameaboutd.cameout
