小学三年英语教案
发表时间：2021-12-04高三英语教案：《常见词及短语辨析》教学设计。
一名优秀负责的教师就要对每一位学生尽职尽责，教师要准备好教案，这是每个教师都不可缺少的。教案可以让学生们充分体会到学习的快乐，帮助教师更好的完成实现教学目标。教案的内容要写些什么更好呢？小编收集并整理了“高三英语教案：《常见词及短语辨析》教学设计”，供大家参考，希望能帮助到有需要的朋友。
高中英语常见词及短语辨析 ( I )
1 .about; around; round 作副词时都含“四处”、“遍地”的意思。 about 系常用词, 如:
look about四处看。
around 具有 about 的基本意思, 因此 look about=look around, 但在下列短语里 around没有 about正式, 如:
travel around 各处旅行
round 和 around在非正式用法中可以互换, 但一般用 round时更简练。在正式用语中, 一般用 round指“旋转”, 而用 around指“处处”, “到处”, 如:
She turned round at such a noise. 听到这样的吵声, 她回头看。
I have been looking for it all around. 我到处都找过了。
另外, 英国人用 round的地方, 美国人倾向于用 around, 如:
[英] Winter comes round.
[美] Winter comes around.
2 .above all;after all;at all ?
above all意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”，常位于句首或句中，作插入语，起强调作用。如：
But above all tell me quickly what I have to do.可首先快些告诉我该做什么。
A clock must above all keeps good time.时钟最重要的是必须走得准。
after all意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到底”，在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。如：
After all，your birthday is only two weeks away.毕竟，两周后就是你的生日。
He is，after all，a small child.他毕竟还是个小孩子。
He failed after all.他终于失败了。
at all用于否定句时，意为“丝毫;根本”，用于疑问句时意为“究竟;到底”，用于条件句时，常译为“当真;实在”。用于肯定句中，表示说话人的某种情绪或情感(如怀疑或惊奇等)，意为“竟然”等。如：
He doesn’t like you at all.他根本不喜欢你。
Are you going to do it at all?你究竟做不做这件事?
If you do it at all，do it well.若你真要做这件事，就得做好。
I was surprised at his coming at all.他竟然来了，我很惊讶。
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3. add; add to; add…to; add up to
add作“加，增加”解时，既可作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词;作“又说，补充说”解时，与直接或间接引语连用。如：
If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water. 如果茶太浓了，再加点开水。
After a short while, he added that he would try his best. 过了一会儿，他又接着说他会尽力。
add to意为“增添，增加，增进”。如：
The bad weather added to our difficulties. 恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。
add...to意为“把……加到……”，是把前一项加到后一项之后或之中。如：
Add two to seven, and you will get nine.七加二等于九。
add up to意为“加起来总共是/累计得”，该短语不用于被动语态。如：
All his school education added up to no more than one year. 他的学校教育加起来不过一年。
4 . affair; thing; matter; business
affair意为“事情、事件”, 含义较广，泛指已做或待做的事;复数affairs一般指商业事务及政府的日常事务，如财政管理、外交事务等。
thing意为“事情、事物”，不管大事小事、好事坏事均称为thing，一般不能专指事务;复数things还可作“形势”解。
matter侧重指须留心的要事或问题、难题。
business作“事务、事情”解时，一般不能用复数，常常指所指派的任务、责任;有时说的是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动。
a great deal; a great deal of
a great deal用作名词，意为“大量”，“许多”，作主语、宾语;用作副词，意为“很”或“非常”，作状语，修饰动词或用来强调比较级。如：
A great deal has been studied and this is the best way. 经过大量研究后，这(被认为)是最好的办法。
We are a great deal cleverer than before. 我们比以前聪明多了。
a great deal of意为“大量的”，“非常多的”，相当于much，作定语，后接不可数名词。如：
A great deal of time/money/energy has been spent on the project.
大量的时间/金钱/能源花在那个工程上了。
5. agree on;agree to;agree with;agree that
agree on作“就……取得一致意见”解。例如：
The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.
上月，就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议。
agree to有两层含义和用法：
其一是to作为动词不定式符号，其后跟动词原形，作“同意(答应)做某事”解。
例如： My father agreed to buy a new pen for me. 父亲答应给我买支新钢笔。
其二是to作为介词，之后跟表示“计划/条件/建议等一类的名词或代词”。例如：
They have a greed to our plan. 他们已同意我们的计划。
agree with作“同意某人的意见”解，其后可跟表示人的名词或代词，也可跟表示“意见”或“说的话”的名词或从句。例如：
He agreed with my opinions. 他同意了我的意见。
We agreed with what he said at the meeting. 我们同意他在会上讲的话。
agree that作“认为……”解，其后跟宾语从句。例如：
I agree that your composition is very good. 我认为你的这篇作文写得不错。
6. allow;let 二者均可作“允许”解，但各有侧重： ? allow重在“允许”或“容许”，也可表示客气的请求。例如： He allowed me to take his dictionary.他允许我拿走他的词典。 Will you allow me to use your bike? 我可以用你的自行车吗? ? let作“允许”或“让”解，主要用于口语，一般可与allow互换。作“允许”解时，常暗含“听任”、“默许”之意;作“让”解时，常含“祈使”或“建议”之意。注意：let之后作宾补的不定式不带to，且不可用于被动语态，而allow则相反。例如： Please let me walk with you(=Please allow me to walk with you.).我(请允许我)跟你一起走。注：allow常用于allow sb.to do sth.或allow doing sth.结构中。
7. although; though; as
三者均可表示“尽管;虽然”，引导让步状语从句。although用法较正式，语气较强;though较常用;as则主要用于倒装句。它们的用法有如下几点值得注意：
状语从句由although, though或as引导，主句之前不可有but, and, so, however等并列连词，但可有yet或still等副词。although与though常可互换。例如：
Although/Though he believes it, yet he will not act. 他虽然相信它，但却不肯有所行动。
as表示“尽管;虽然”，只能用于倒装句，即：将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前。though也可这么用。例如：
Young as/though he is, he knows a lot. 他虽然年纪不大，却懂得很多。
注意：如果表语是单数名词，要省略a。例如：
Child as/though he is, he can speak two foreign languages. 虽然他是个孩子，但他会说两门外语。
though可以放在句末，表示“但是”，although却不能。例如：
They said they would come; they did not, though. 他们说他们会来，可是他们并没有来。
although只用来陈述“事实”，不能表示“假设”。因此可以说even though“即使”以及as though“好像(=as if)”，不能说even although或as although。例如：
I believe you are on duty—even though you’re in plain clothes. 尽管你穿着便衣，我相信你是在值勤。
8 . among/between
这两个介词都有“在……之间”的意思。between常用于两者之间;among一般指三者或三者以上之间。若指三个以上人或物中的每两个之间时，仍然要用between。
例如：The girl walked between her father and mother.这个女孩走在她父亲和母亲之间。
She is the tallest among her classmates.她在她同学之间是最高的。
Switzerland lies between France，Italy，Austria and Germany.
瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。
9. argue debate dispute 都含“辩论”的意思。? argue 着重“说理”、“论证”和“企图说服”, 如:
I argued with her for a long time, but she refused to listen to reason.
我和她辩论了好久, 但她还是不听。
debate 着重“双方各述己见”, 内含“交锋”的意思, 如:
We have been debating about the issue. 我们一直在就这个问题进行辩论。
dispute 指“激烈争辩”, 含有“相持不下”或“未得解决”之意,如:
Whether he will be elected as chairman is still disputed.他是否当选为主席, 仍然有争论。
10 argue;quarrel;discuss 这三个动词均有“争”的意思，但“争”法不同。
argue着重就自己的看法或观点，提出论证，同他人“争论”或“辩论”。例如：
We heard them arguing in the other room.我们听见他们在另一个房间里争论。
另外，argue同with搭配，其后接人;与about连用，其后接事物。例如：
We argued with them about this problem for a long time.这个问题我们同他们辩论了很长时间。
quarrel是指对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生的“争吵”或“吵架”。同with搭配，其后接某人;和about连用，其后接某事。例如：
He often quarrels about their housework with his wife.他常为家务事同妻子争吵。
discuss是指认真交换自己的意见或看法的“讨论”。例如：
We'll discuss the use of the articles tomorrow.明天我们将讨论冠词的用法。
11 as (so) far as; as (so) long as
as(so)far as的意思是“就……而言(所知)”，as (so) far as sth.is concerned是其中一种具体用法，意为“就某事而言”;as (so) long as意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句。如：
As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs.
就我所知，一千多万下岗工人已经找到了新的工作。
There is nothing that we can’t do so / as long as we keep on trying to do it.
只要我们不断地努力去做，就没有什么事干不成。
As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go.
就中国的旅游业而言，需要做的工作还很多。
12 asleep/sleeping 二者都是形容词。asleep仅用作表语，不能作定语，表示“睡着，熟睡”的意思;而sleeping一般只能用作定语，放在名词前，表示“睡眠中的，休止的”意思。
如：我们不能说：an asleep baby，但可以说：a sleeping baby(一个熟睡的婴儿)。
再如：He was asleep with his head on his arms.他头枕着手臂在熟睡。
asleeping dog正在熟睡的狗 sleeping car卧车 sleeping bag睡袋
13 assert，affirm，maintain ? assert宣称、断言，常指某人主观自信，坚持己见，有时不顾客观事实而断言下结论。? affirm指以事实为依据，深信不疑地肯定某种观点或看法。? maintain指在相反的证据或论点面前，重申原来的某种观点、立场。
A.Despite all the policeman’s questions the suspect ___ that he had been at home all evening.
B.It is nonsense to ___ that smoking does not damage people’s health.
C.Throughout his prison sentence Dunn has always ___ his innocence.
Answers：A. affirmed B. assert C. maintained
14 as though;even though;though ? as though(=as if)，意为“好像;似乎”，引导方式状语从句或表语从句。如：
He spoke as though(as if)he had been here before.他说话的口气好像他以前来过这里。
It looks as if(as though)it is going to rain.看起来好像要下雨。
even though(=even if)，意为“即使”，引导让步状语从句。though也引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”;even though有退一步设想的意味，与though不同。though引导的句子所说的是事实，even though引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。例如：
He will not tell the secret even though(even if)he knows it.即使他知道这个秘密，他也不肯说出来。
He will not tell the secret though he knows it.他虽然知道这个秘密，但他不会说出来。
15 at the beginning;in the beginning ? at the beginning 在……初;在……开始的时候。常与of连用。例如： Students usually have a study plan at the beginning of term. 学生们在开学初制定学习计划。 ? in the beginning 相当于at first，表示“起初、开始”时，含“起初是这种情况，而后来却不是这种情况”之意，不与of连用。例如： In the beginning，some of us took no interest in physics. 起初我们有些人对物理不感兴趣。
16 attack assail assault charge beset
都含有"攻击"的意思。
attack 是常用词, 指"攻击敌人"或"用言论攻击他人", 如:
Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941. 德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。
assail 指"猛烈连续地攻击", 如:
The enemy plane assailed our defence position. 敌机不断猛烈地攻击我们的阵地。
assault 语气比 assail强, 指"突然猛烈地进攻", 暗示"武力的直接接触" (如肉搏等), 也有"暴力"的意思, 如：The enemy assaulted us at dawn. 敌人在黎明时向我进攻。
charge 指"冲击"或"骑兵的突然攻击", 如:
The cavalry charged to the front. 骑兵猛烈向前线冲击。
beset 指"围攻", 即从各个方向攻击, 如：
In the swamp we were beset by mosquitoes. 在沼泽地里, 我们受到蚊子的围攻。
17 at the age of/by the age of ? at the age of表示“在……岁时”，后面接基数词，强调某一时刻的情况或动作，用于一般过去时，作时间状语。例如：
At the age of six，he began to learn English.他六岁的时候开始学英语。
She learned to play the piano at the age often.她十岁的时候学弹钢琴。
by the age of表示“到……岁的时候”、“在……岁以前”，后面接基数词，强调到某一时刻为止的结果，用于过去完成时或将来完成时，作时间状语。例如：
By the age of sixteen，he had learned to drive a car.到十六岁的时候，他已经学会了开小汽车。
You will have learned more than 2000 English words by the age of fourteen.
到你十四岁的时候，你将学会2000多个英语单词。
18 at the time; at that time; at one time; at a time
at the time通常用于过去时句子中，指某件事情发生的“当时”、“那时”。例如：
Many people saw the strange thing happen at the time. 当时，许多人都看到了这件奇怪的事情的发生。
有时，at the time的后面可接“of...”短语。这时，它表示“在(某事态)发生的时候”或“在……的时代”。例如：
Were you in San Francisco at the time of the big earth quake in 1989﹖
1989年旧金山发生地震时，你在那里吗?
It happened at the time of King Alfred. 事情发生在阿尔弗雷德国王时期。
at that time 则通常指前文明确提到的某个时期、时候。通常其后不带“of...”短语。例如：
In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan.At that time
(=At the 17th century) the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded.
at one time=during a period of time in the past意为“过去有一段时期”，“曾经”。例如：
They used to be good friends at one time. 他们曾经是好朋友。
at a time则意为“一次”，表示一个时间单位。它常与表示数量的词语连用，表示频率。例如：
Don’t speak all at once.One at a time, please. 不要同时一起说。一次只一个人说。
Take the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time. 这些药每天服三次，每次服三粒。
19 at ... speed / with ... speed? at the speed of或者at ... speed，意为“以……的速度”。而当speed被all, lightning, great等修饰时，介词应用with。我们可用一句口诀来帮助记忆：都(all)以闪电般(lightning)大(great)的速度行驶。如：
Our car was running with all speed on the expressway. 我们的车在高速公路上全速行驶。
The Long March No.2 Rocket sent up the satellite into space at the speed of 11.2 kilometers per second. 长征二号火箭以每秒钟11.2公里的速度将卫星发射到太空。
B
20 because/since/as/for?
这四个词都是表示原因或理由的连接词，但是as，because，since是从属连词，引导原因状语从句，for是并列连词，所引导的不是原因状语从句，而是表示理由的对等句子，是对前面所讲内容补充和说明。在语气上由强至弱依次为because→since→as→for。because引导的从句多置于句末，表示直接的原因或理由，表示产生那种结果的必然的因果关系，在回答why的提问时，必须用because作答。
如：We stayed at home because it rained.因为下雨我们呆在家里。
as与since引导的从句多置于句首，不过as表示十分明显的原因，只说明一般的因果关系，可译为“因为、由于”;而since则表示稍加分析、对方已知的原因，一般可译为“既然”。如：
As he was not feeling well，I decided to go there alone.由于他身体欠佳，我决定独自去那里。
Since everyone is here，let's start.既然大家都到了，咱们就开始吧。
for引导的从句一般放在句末，其前用逗号，它所叙述的理由是间接的，即推测性理由，或是对前面叙述的事实或看法的补充说明。如：
There must be nobody in the classroom，for the light is off.
教室里一定没有人，因为灯灭了。(推测性理由)
believe;believe in
believe作及物动词时，其后可跟名词，表示“相信”;后接从句或复合宾语时，表示“认为;料想;相信”等。如：
I believe what he says.我相信他的话。
I believe that he will succeed.我相信他会成功的。
believe in 是一个动介型短语动词，表示“信奉;信仰”(指对某种思想、主张、观念、行动具有信心)和“信任(have trust in)”。如：
They believe in God.他们信仰上帝。
I believe in having plenty of exercise.我相信多锻炼有好处。
believe和believe in后均可接表示人的名词或代词，但含义不同。试比较：
I believe in him(I think he is a frustworthy man).我信任他。
I believe him.(I believe what he says).我相信他的话。
1 belief faith trust confidence 都含有“相信”的意思。
belief 指“承认某事是真的, 尽管有或没有确凿的证据”, 如:
belief in ghosts. 相信有鬼。
faith 指“认为有确凿证据或道理而完全相信”, 如:
I have faith in his ability to succeed. 我相信他有成功的能力。
?trust 指“信赖”、“信任”, 含有“坚定的信念”的意思, 如:
enjoy the trust of the people 得到人民的信任。
confidence 指“在有证据的基础上相信”, 也常指“自信”、“有把握”, 如:
She has great confidence in her success. 她对自己的成功充满信心。
22 besides;except;but ? 三者都可以用作介词。用于肯定句中时，except/but意为“除……外(不再有)”;besides意为“除……外(还有)”。请比较：
All of them have seen the film except/but Wu Dong. 除了吴东外，他们都看过了那部影片。
All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong. 除了吴东看过那部影片外，他们也都看过了。
except后接名词、代词、-ing或不定式时，可以与but互换;except后接副词、介词短语时，一般不能为but所替换。如：
I’ll do everything except/but cook. 除了做饭，我什么事情都干。
This window is never opened except in summer. 除了在夏天，这个窗子从不打开。
用在否定句中，三者可以互换。如：
There aren’t any other people to do the work except/but/besides you.
除了你，没人能做这工作。
23 be anxious to; be anxious for; be anxious about ;be anxious that? be anxious to表示“急于”、“渴望”，其中to是不定式符号，后面接动词原形;
be anxious for表示“渴望”，后面接名词或代词时，强调渴望得到某物或渴望了解某事;后面接sb.to do sth.时，表示“渴望某人能做某事”，其中for sb.to do sth.是不定式复合结构。
be anxious about 表示“对…感到不安”、“为…担心”、“为…忧虑”;? be anxious that表示“渴望”，后面接从句，that从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语气;
[EXERCISES]
①I ____ the result of the examination.
②We ____ know the result of the examination.
③We ____ Mr Liu to help us with our English.
④Mr Li ____ a new car.
⑤They ____ arrive home before dark.
(Key: ①am anxious about/for ②are anxious to ③are anxious for ④is anxious for ⑤are anxious to)
1) The girl ____ a new dictionary. 2) All the students ____ their results of this examination. 3) Everyone _____ know their results of the competition. 4) We ___Mr Zhao to return. 5) We _____ she should do her best.
Key: 1) was/is anxious for 2) are anxious about 3) is anxious to 4)are anxious for
5) are anxious that
be known as; be known for; be known to; be known in
be known as 意为“作为……而著名”，其后的名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。如：
Liu Huan is known as a singer.刘欢作为一个歌手而出名。
We’re sure you’ll be well-known as an artist.我们相信你会成为一位著名的画家。
be known for 意为“因……而著名”，其后所接内容表示某人或物的特点、特长等。如：
Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers.桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。
Mr Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day.
盖尔多夫先生因在同一天组织两场大型的流行音乐会而出名。
be known to “为……所了解/知道”，其后接表示人的词语。“(人们都)知道”，其后接动词原形。如：
He is known to all in our village.村子里的人都了解他。
He was known to have invented many things.=It was known that he had invented many things.
人们都知道他已经发明了很多东西。
be known in 意为“在某地很著名”。如：
He is well-known in the town where he was born. 他在自己出生的那个镇子上很出名。
24 be made of/be made in/be made from/be made by/be made up of ? be made of表示“由……制成”，指从原料到制成品，只发生了形状变化，没有发生本质变化(属物理变化)。 ? be made in当后面接时间的数词或名词时，表示“某物何时制造的或何时产的”。当后面接指地点的名词时，表示“某地产某物”。 ? be made from表示“由……制成”，指从原料到制成品，发生了质的变化，已无法复原(属化学变化)。 ? be made by表示“由……制做”，后面接指人的名词或代词，强调动作的执行者。 ? be made up of表示“由……构成(组成)”，强调主语由两部分或两个以上的部分构成或组成。 【练习】用be made in，be made of，be made from，be made by或be made up of填空。
①This bike Tianjin. ②This table wood.
③The car 1999. ④Paper wood.
⑤The kite my mother. ⑥The team ten members.
【Keys】was made in; is made of ;was made in ;is made from;was made by;is made up of?
高中英语常见词及短语辨析( II )
.be used for/be used as/be used by ? be used for表示“被用作……”或“被用来作……”，后面接名词或v-ing，其中for表示目的。 ? be used as表示“作为……而用”或“用作……”，后面接名词或动词不定式，强调使用的工具及手段。 ? be used by表示“由……使用”，后面接指人的名词或代词，强调使用者。
【练习】用be used for，be used as或be used by填空。 ①A telephone better communication(交流). ②The motorbike Liu Ming. ③A ruler often a knife by him to cut a piece of paper open. 【Keys】is used for;is used by;is,used as
26. be pleased with; be pleased at(或about);be pleased to
1) The manager ___ you before.
2) My boss must ___ see you again in HongKong.
3) I ___ seeing so many students present.
4) I hear Mr Zhao ___ your article.
析： ①was pleased with。表示“对……满意;喜欢……”后面通常接指人的名词或代词。 ②be pleased to。表示“很高兴或很乐意做某事”，其中to是不定式符号，后面接动词原形。 ③am pleased at(或about)。be pleased at(或about)表示“对(看到或听到的)事感到高兴，”后面接指事的名词或v-ing。 ④is pleased at(或about)。解析同③。
27. be to do sth;be about to do sth;be going to do sth.
be to do sth.表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，后可跟时间状语。如：
You're to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.十点钟以前你得交上试卷。
be about to do sth.表示打算或安排即将发生的动作，它通常不与时间状语连用。如：
I was about to go out when someone knocked at the door.我正要出去，这时有人敲门。
be going to do sth.有三层含义：
①表示打算、计划或决定要做某事。如：
We're going to spend our holidays in Wales this year. 今年我们打算到威尔士度假。
②用以表示某事物即将发生或很可能发生。如：
I'm going to be twenty next month. 下个月我就二十岁了。
③有迹象表明即将发生的动作或状态。如：
Look at those black clouds, there is going to be a storm. 瞧那些乌云，暴风雨就要来了。
28 beat; strike; hit? strike通常表示“打一下、打若干下”，不一定都是有意的;还有“打动、使……着迷、某种想法突然闪现在脑海里”的含义;也可指“打、擦出(火)，(蛇、兽)抓，咬，或(钟)敲响”。
hit指“打中”或“对准……来打”，“敲打或打击对方的某一点”。
beat着重“连续地打击”。如：殴打或体罚;也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方;也指“心跳”。
29 blame; scold blame“责备;责怪”，指某人应对自己不好的行为负责(常与for连用)，或将某件不好的事情归咎于他人(常与on或upon连用)，往往含有把自己当作评判人来评判某事，没有用言语来进行责骂的意思。例如：
He blamed Tom for the failure. 他责怪汤姆造成了失败。
Don't blame it on him, but on me. 别怪他，该怪我。
scold“责骂”，指唠唠叨叨地数说某人，多用于上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的“责骂”。例如：
Don't scold the child.It's not his fault. 不要责骂那孩子，这不是他的过失。
I hate to scold, son, but you mustn't stay out so late at night.
我不喜欢斥责，孩子，可你不该呆在外面那么晚不回家。
30 blow down; blow in; blow off; blow over ? blow down表示“吹倒”、“刮倒”;blow in表示“吹进”、“吹入”;blow off表示“吹掉”、“炸掉”、“发泄”;blow over表示“暴风雨 吹散”、“过去”、“结束”。
[EXERCISES]
1) The high winds yesterday _____ thousands of trees. 2) We sometimes had quarrels, but they soon _____. 3) I had my hat ____ by the wind. 4) A lot of dust ____.You must clear it away. Key: 1) blew down 2) blew over 3) blown off 4) has blown in
31 . break up; break down; break out; break into; break in; break away; break through ? break up表示“打碎”、“变坏”、“分解”、“终止”、“破裂”。
break down表示“瓦解”、“分解”、“失败”、“出故障”、“破坏”、“拆毁”。
break out表示“爆发”、“突然发生”。
break into表示“强行进入”、“闯入”、“破门而入”、“打断(谈话、讨论)”、“突然……起来”。
break in表示“闯入”、“打断”、“插嘴”，其中in是副词。
break away表示“脱逃”、“脱离”、“突然离开”、“革除”、“戒除”，常与from连用。
break through表示“战胜”、“突围”、“穿过……而出现”、“突破”。
[练]
①He said his computer _____.
②Those old cars will be ____ for scrap(废铁).
③Last night somebody ____ Mr Brown's house and took away many things.
④A fire ____ after we had gone home.
⑤The boy often ____ while his parents are speaking.
⑥You must ____ from bad habits.
⑦After the heavy rain the sun ____ the clouds.
⑧A thief ____ and stole a lot of things last night.
⑨Tom ____the motor bike which he bought five years ago.
⑩The ice began to ____ on the river.
(Key:①had broken down ②broken up ③broke into ④broke out ⑤breaks in
⑥break away ⑦broke through ⑧broke in ⑨broke down ⑩break up)
bring on;bring in;bring out
bring on 使发生;引起;端上(饭菜)。如：
Tom often brings on meals and his brother，Jim picks up the dishes after meals.
汤姆常常端上饭菜，(而)他弟弟吉姆饭后收拾碗碟。
The sudden cold weather brought on his cold again. 天气突然变冷，使他再次感冒。
bring in 引来;引进;吸收。如：
His new business brings in 1，000 dollars. 他的新生意使他赚了一千美元。
We also brought in some words from English. 我们也从英语中吸收了一些词汇。
bring out 取出;说出;阐明;出版。如：
He brought out his gun and pointed at me.他掏出枪来指着我。
Bring out the meaning more clearly.请把意思讲清楚些。
They have brought out a set of children’s books.他们出版了一套儿童读物。
32 bring down; bring back; bring up; bring in ? bring down表示“使倒下”、“减少”、“降低(价格、温度)”;? bring back表示“使回想起”、“归还”、“带回来”;? bring up表示“呕吐出”、“养育”;? bring in表示“把......引进来”、“赚入”、“获利”、“把......拿进来”、“吸收”。
[EXERCISES]
1) Her singing _____ memories of my mother. 2) They also ____ some words from their own languages. 3) The wind ____ a number of trees. 4) He _____ all he had eaten. 5) Can you try to get them to ____ the price﹖ 6) All library books must be ____ before June 25. 7) Mr White ____ 0 a week. 8) You must manage to _____ the temperature. Key: 1) brings back 2) brought in 3) brought down 4) brought up 5) bring down 6) brought back 7) is bringing in 8) bring down
33 broad; wide? 两者都表示两边或两点之间的距离都有“宽的”之意， 但broad着重某物覆盖面的范围 (如肩、背、胸等的宽)，还可表示“宽宏大量”;wide着重指边沿间相隔的距离以及“广泛”之意。如：
Looking at the new-type camera, the young man with broad shoulders was surprised with his mouth wide open.
看着那个新型相机，那个肩宽背阔的年轻人惊奇得张大了嘴巴。
He’s a broad-minded person; he’ll never be disappointed by such a small failure.
他是个心胸宽广的人;决不会因为那么一次小小的失败而感到失望。
34 but/however? 这两个连词都有“但是，可是，然而”之意。but连接两个分句或有关部分，表示转折或逻辑上的对比关系，使用最广，口语中更为常见。如：
We love peace but we are not afraid of war.我们热爱和平，但我们并不害怕战争。
however转折意味比but弱，连接的两个分句或有关部分的关系较为松弛，后一部分常起附带说明或衬托作用。however常以插入语形式出现在句子中间，前后用逗号隔开，也可置于句首或句末。如：
Later，however，he decided to go.可是后来他决定去了。
35 by oneself;oneself ? by oneself=alone，without help。强调“在无他人或他物的情况下”或“无帮助的情况下”;
oneself作同位语，表示强调本人。
试比较：
If you come to my house，I’ll cook for you myself.
如果你来我家，我将亲自下厨。(强调亲手为你做饭)
Can you cook by yourself now? 你现在能单独做饭了吗?(强调无他人协作)
36 by sea;by the sea ? by sea意为“走海路;坐轮船”，其中by表示乘坐交通工具或行走方式，by与名词间不可用冠词;by the sea意为“在海边”，其中by表示“在……旁边”，by与后面的名词间常有冠词修饰。如：
They will go to America by sea. 他们将坐轮船去美国。
There is a small village by the sea.海边有个小村庄。
请比较下面类似有这样区别的短语：
by ship 乘船 by a ship 在一艘轮船旁边
by land 从陆路 by the land 在岸边(在陆地旁边)
by taxi 乘出租车 by the taxi 在出租车旁边
by road 从陆路 by the road 在路边
C
37 catch sb.doing sth; be (get) caught in sth. ? catch sb.doing sth.作“碰(遇)上某人正在做某事”解。例如：
The policeman caught two men fighting in the street.警察碰见两个人在街上打架。
The man was caught stealing the apples.那人偷苹果时，被当场发现。
? be (get) caught in sth.“遇上……而受阻”之意。例如：
I got caught in the traffic.我因交通堵塞而受阻。
I was caught in a storm on my way to school.我在去学校的路上遇到了暴雨。
38 care about; care for; care; care to ? care about“关心;计较;在乎”，指由于某事重要，或因责任所在而关心计较，一般用于否定句。如： He doesn't care about his clothes.他不讲究衣着。 I don't care about going there.去不去那里，我无所谓。 ? care for“关心;照料;喜欢;愿意”。作“关心;照料”讲，一般用于肯定句或疑问句。如： Who will care for your children when you are away﹖ 你离开期间谁照顾你的孩子? How the Party cares for us! 党是多么关心我们啊! Would you care for a walk? 你愿意去散步吗? He cares more for fine new clothes than for anything else. 他喜爱漂亮的新衣胜于其他的一切。 ? care还可作及物动词，但其后通常接从句。如： I don't care who you are.我不管你是谁。 I don't care what you say.不论你说什么，我都不在乎。 ? care to“愿意，欲望”，后接动词原形。如： I don’t care to go there.我不愿意去那里。
?
39 carry off; carry away; carry out ? 表示“运走”;“掠走”，用carry off或carry away均可。但两者也有不同之处：carry off可表示“夺得”某种奖赏;carry away可表示“吸引住”。如： After destroying the village, the enemy carried off/away all the cattle. 在毁掉村子之后，敌人把牲畜都掠走了。 I carried off the first prize.我获得了头等奖。 We were carried away by her songs.她的歌声令我们浑然忘我。 ? carry out的意思是“搬出(某物)”;“履行(计划或义务等)”。如： Would you please carry out the desk into the garden﹖ 请你把桌子搬到花园里去好吗? You must carry out your duty. 你必须履行你的职责。
40 carry out; carry on? 注意两者的区别：carry out意为“执行、实行”;carry on表示“(继续)进行、进行下去”，强调坚持。如：
The group of soldiers carried out a secret military action the other day.
几天前，这群士兵执行了一次秘密的军事行动。
Comrades in Germany were carrying on a heroic fight against war under conditions of fascism at that time.
那时，在德国的同志正在法西斯的统治区进行一场英勇的反战斗争。
41 cause; reason; excuse ? cause意为“起因”、“原因”，指引起某种结果的必然原因，即主要事实方面的原因，常和effect连用，表示因果关系。如：
I don’t know the cause and effect.我不知道此事的前因后果。
The cause of the fire was carelessness.失火的原因是粗心大意。
? reason意为“理由”、“原因”，指用以解释某些已发生的事情的理由或借口，这种理由可能是也可能不是真正的理由，强调逻辑推理方面的理由。如：
There are many reasons for animals dying out.动物的绝种有许多原因。
Tell us your reason for changing the plan.告诉我们你改变计划的原因。
? excuse指为免受指责和推卸责任而找的“理由”、“原因”也就是我们常说的“借口”。如：
Too much work is no excuse for absence.工作太忙不能成为缺席的理由。
I haven’t done the work well，my excuse is that I have been ill. 我没把工作做好，我的理由是我病了。
42 cheer/greet/welcome? cheer意为“欢呼”，侧重表示高声呼叫以示欢迎，强调气氛的活跃，常含鼓励之意。如： The boys cheered their football team.孩子们为他们的足球队喝彩。? greet表示用语言、行动等“迎接”，常含“友好、热情、亲切”之意。如： We greeted our guests at the gate. 我们在大门口迎接客人。? welcome常表示“欢迎新人、新事、新主张”等。如： We welcome the new ideas. 我们欢迎新思想。
43 clear away, clear up, clear off ? clear away表示“清除掉”、“收拾掉”、“散掉”、“消散”;clear up表示“露出(喜色)”、“(天气)放晴”、“清理”、“整理”;clear off表示“走开”、“离开”。
[EXERCISES]
1) We must ____ such ideas among ourselves. 2) She ____ her desk before she moved to another school. 3) The sky looks as if it would ____ soon. 4) ____ before I call the police. 5) His face ____ when he read the letter. Key: 1) clear away 2) cleared up 3) clear up 4) Clear off 5) cleared up
44 close;closely ? close, closely这两个词都可以用作副词，close表示“靠近”、“紧紧地”，closely则表示“紧密地”、“严密地”、“密切地”。如：
1) I went closer, and saw clearly a tall man in the moonlight.
2) Come close, I want to tell you something important.
3) The policeman followed the strange man closely.
4) The scientists got closely in touch with the astronauts.
45 come up; come on; come out? come up常表示位置“上升”;从水中或 土中“冒出”;芽苗等“长出”;“引起注意、被提出”等。如：
The seeds haven’t come up. 种子还没发芽。
Your question came up at the meeting.你的问题在会上被提出来讨论。
come on 常用来催促别人，意为“加油、加快”，也可表示“来临、袭击”。如：
I can feel a headache coming on.我觉得头痛了。
? come out常表秘密等“传出、被获悉”，书籍等的“出版”;“结果是”。如：
When will her new book come out﹖ 她的新书什么时候出版?
The answer to the math problem came out wrong. 这道数学题的结果错了。
46 complete; finish ? finish是普通用语，用得比较广泛，可作及物动词或不及物动词，多用来指“完成”一项任务或活动，后面可接名词、代词或-ing，不接不定式。例如：
Have you finished your work﹖ 你的工作完成了吗?
He finished writing the letter last night.这封信他是昨晚完成的。
complete一般用作及物动词，用法较正式，通常用来表示完成某个计划、理想、事业、工程、建筑、书籍及作品等，后面可接名词或代词，不接-ing或不定式。例如：
He’s never completed a project on time. 他从未按时完成过计划。
The bridge is not completed yet. 这座桥至今尚未完工。
表示完成学业、精细的工作、吃完某物及在被动结构中表示“一切都完了;没希望了”等意时，均用finish。例如：
He finished school in 1991. 他1991年从学校毕业。
The wood-work is beautifully finished. 这件木器做得很精细。
注意：complete a book的意思是“写完一本书”;finish a book意为“看完一本书”。
47 common ordinary general 都含“普通的”意思。
common强调“常见的”、“ 不足为奇的”，
如：Colds are common in winter.感冒在冬天很常见。
ordinary强调“平常的”、“平淡无奇的”，
如：His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。
? general意为“普遍的”、“一般的”，
如：This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist.
这本书是为一般读者写的， 不是为专家写的。
normal指“正常的”、“正规的”、“常态的”,
如:the normal temperature of the human body 人的正常体温
48 compare…with; compar…to; compared with/to
Compare…with意为“把……与……相比”，侧重指两者间的区别。
如：Compare this car with that one, and you will find the differences between them.
把这辆汽车与那辆汽车相比较，你就会发现它们之间的区别。
compare…to…意为“把……比作……”，着重注意两者间的相似点。如：
This song compares our country to a big family.这首歌把我们的国家比作一个大家庭。
? compare既可以单独用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。用作不及物动词时，以compare with…形式出现，表示“与……相比”。如：
Living here can’t compare with living in Shanghai.在这儿生活不能和在上海(生活)相比。
If you compare the two words， you can tell the difference between them.
如果你比较这两个单词，你就会辨别出它们之间的不同。
? compared with…和compared to…都可用作状语，意义基本相同，可互换。如：
Compared to/with him， you are lucky. 与他相比，你是幸运的。
It was a small town then， compared to/with what it is now. 和现在比起来，那时它还是个小镇。
?
49 cover; interview ? 两者都可用作动词，意为“采访”，cover的宾语是事情;interview的宾语是人。如： Reporters are then sent to cover the events.然后记者们就被派去采访这些事件。 He interviewed five people in the morning.他上午采访了五个人。
50 country; nation; state; land
country意为“国家;国土”，侧重指版图;疆域。如：
China is a great country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的伟大国家。
注意：country含义广泛，适合各种文体，也可代替本组中的任何一个词，有时作“祖国”解，带有感情色彩。如：
After many years abroad， he wanted to return to his country.在国外呆了多年后，他想回到自己的祖国。
Some parts of this country (land) are much warmer than others.该国某些地区的气候较其他地区温暖得多。
nation意为“民族;国家”，侧重指人民;国民;民族。如：
The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news.听到这一噩耗，全国人民悲痛万分。
注意：在国际交往等正式场合，nation语体庄重，比country常用。如：
the United Nations (UN) 联合国 the law of nations 国际公法
a most favored nation 最惠国
Trade between nations is much better than war.国与国之间进行贸易往来比兵戎相见好得多。
? state意为“国家;政府”，侧重指政权;政体。如：
In our country， railways are state-owned. 在我国铁路为国家所有。
land意为“国土;国家”，带有感情色彩，多用于文学作品中。如：
This is my native land.I’ll defend it with my life! 这是我的祖国，我要用自己的生命保卫她!
cross; across; crossing
cross作动词用时，意思是“横过”。如：
They are crossing the river. 他们正在过河。
The idea has just crossed my mind. 这个主意是我刚才想到的。
cross作名词用时，指“十字形的东西”。
across可作介词或副词，意为“横穿，横过”。如：
They pushed the cart across the bridge. 他们推着车过桥。
The post office is across the street.邮局在街道对面。
crossing意为“横穿，交叉，十字路口，人行横道”。如：
They are standing at a crossing.他们正站在十字路口。
扩展阅读
高三英语教案：《语法介词及介词短语》教学设计
【考纲解读】
介词主要考查近义词的用法区别、介词的特定含义、介词和连词易混淆的项目、介词的固定用法等，在2011年和2012年全国各地高考试题中，都涉及到介词的考查，不仅在单项填空中进行考查，在短文改错题中，对于介词的有无、介词与其他词的固定搭配的考查尤为频繁。笔者认为因为介词的用法非常普遍，它关系到句子的上下衔接，所以以后的高考题介词仍然是一个考查热点。
高考研究介词是英语中比较活跃的词，中学阶段所学的介词有40多个。它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活，意义丰富。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in，out，up，down，on，off，to，from，for，over，with等。预测今后高考介词的考查将以介词的固定短语和介词辨析为主。在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。
【知识要点】
介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。
1.介词可按其构成分为：
(1)简单介词，即一个介词，如about，at，in，of，since等。
(2)复合介词，由两个介词组成，如as for，as to，out of等。?
(3)二重介词，由两个介词搭配而成，但没有复合介词那样固定，如from under，from behind，until after，except in等。?
(4)短语介词，由短语构成，如?according? to，because of，in spite of，on behalf of，with reference to等。?
(5)分词介词，由现在分词构成，如regarding，concerning，including等。
2.介词还可按其词义分为下列常见的几种：
(1)表地点(包括动向)，如about，
above，across，after，along，among，around，at，before，behind，below，beneath，beside，between，beyond，by，down，from，in，into，near，off，on，over，through，throughout，to，towards，under，up，upon，with，within，without等。?
[注]有不少表地点的介词可表动向，除很明显的across，around，over，towards，near外，还有among，behind，beneath，between，on，to，under等。
(2)表时间，如about，after，around，as，at，before，behind，between，by，during，for，from，in，into，of，on，over，past，since，through，throughout，till(until)，to，towards，within等。?
(3)表除去，如besides，but，except等。?
(4)表比较，如as，like，above，over等。?
(5)表反对，如against，with等。?
(6)表原因、目的，如for，with，from等。?
(7)表结果，如to，with，without等。?
(8)表手段、方式，如by，in，with等。?
(9)表所属，如of，with等。?
(10)表条件，如on，without，?considering?等。?
(11)表让步，如despite，in spite of等。?
(12)表关于，如about，concerning，?regarding?，with regard to，as for，as to等。?
(13)表对于，如to，for，over，at，with等。?
(14)表根据，如on，according to等。?
(15)表其他，如for(赞成)，without(没有)等。?
(一)介词的句法功能
介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
1、作定语：The book on the table is mine.
2、作状语：We have breakfast at seven.(表时间);They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.(表原因);They started the machine by pressing the button.(表方法)
3、作表语：My dictionary 中学is in the bag.
4、作宾语补足语：I found him in the office.
(二)主要介词区别
1、表示时间的at, in, on：at表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 o’clock ，常用词组有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等。in表示一段的时间，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。on总是跟日子有关，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning等。
2、表示时间的since和from：since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.
3、表示时间的in和after：两者都表示“在(某个时间)之后，区别在于in表示“在(一段时间)之后”，而after则表示“在(某一具体时间点之后)”，in短语和将来时态连用，after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如：We’ll be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation?
注意：after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后(常用在过去时里)。如：After two months he returned.
4、表示地理位置的in, on, to：in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外。如：Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.
5、表示“在……上”的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。 如：There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.
6、表示“穿过……”的through和across：through表示从内部通过，与in 有关;across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。如： Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.
7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面;on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意;at the corner指“在拐角处”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如：The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table.
8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of：in the end作“最后”、“终于”解，可单独使用，后不接介词of;at the end of 表示“在……末梢”，“到……尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用;by the end of 作“在……结束时”，“到……末为止”解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。如：In the end they reached a place of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.
9、表示“关于”的about 和on：两者都有“关于”的意思，不过前者为一般用词，而后者为较正式的“论述”。如：He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science.
10、between, among：一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如：You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.
注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间接关系，适用于between。如：Agreements were made between the different countries. 在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时用between。如：The little valley lies between high mountains.。在谈事物间的差别时，总是用between。如：They don’t know the difference between wheat, oats and barley.
11、besides, except, but, except for：besides指“除了……还有，再加上”。如：All went out besides me.;except指“除了，减去什么”，不能放在句首。如：All went out except me.;but 与except意思近似，表示“除了……外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。如：I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.;except for表示“如无……就，只是”表明理由细节。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。
12、表示“用”的in和with：表示工具的“用”，用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的“用”，用in。如：He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil./ We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English.
13、in charge of和in the charge of：两者都表示“由谁负责、照顾、管理”。区别在于：in charge of后接被照管的人或物，而in the charge of后面则跟照管的人。如：Who is in charge of the project?/ The project is in the charge of an engineer.。
14、as, like：as作“作为”、“以……地位或身份”解。如：Let me speak to you as a father.(事实是父亲);like作“象……一样”解。如：Let me speak to you like a father.(事实上不是父亲)。
15、in front of 和in the front of：in front of = before，是“在……前面”的意思(不在某物内); in the front of则是“在……前部”的意思(在某物内)。如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard./ The boy sat in the front of the car.。
16、in, into：into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。如：We walked into the park.;in通常表示位置。如：We walked in the park;in和drop, fall, put, throw, break等终止性动词连用时，也可以表示动向。如：I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。
复习时需注意的要点
1、介词一般放在名词之前，但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词、疑问副词或者关系代词时，这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。
2、 介词和动词、形容词、名词等常常构成固定搭配，也就是说，在这些词的后面常常要求用一定的介词。这一点在学习时要特别注意。如：
a.动词+介词：laugh at, wait for
b.形容词、过去分词+介词：be good at, be proud of
c名词+介词：pay a visit to , the key to
3、 表示选择关系的连词，连接的双方只取其一。常用连词有or, either...or, otherwise
例如：
a) You can go to Beijing either today or tomorrow.
b) You must get up early or you won’t catch the early bus.
4、 表示转折关系，连接的双方构成对比，意义上有转折。常用连词有but, however, while, only
例如：
a) His brother is fond of football while he likes basketball.
b) You can watch TV, but you must finish your homework first.
5、 表示联合关系，联合的双方是对等的，意义上趋向一致。常用连词有：and, both...and, neither...nor, not only...but also, as well as
To study English well, we need both diligence and careful.
That horse is not only the youngest among the five, but also runs the fastest.
6、 表示因果关系，连接的双方，互为因果，或者前因后果，或者前果后因。常用的连词有：for, so
例如：
It must have rained, for the ground is wet.
【考点诠释】
考点1 常见介词的活用
by，with，against，over，on，in，at，besides，for等是常考的介词。掌握这些介词的用法和意义、准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。下面是近年高考考查最多的几个介词，应重点掌握：
1.over可表位置，意为“在……上方，越过;遮住，盖住”，也可表时间，意为“在……期间，(多年)以来”等，它还有“在……(问题)上，对(某事)”等引申意义。如：
①Y0u can’t wear a blue jacket over that shirt—it’II look terrible.你不能在那件衬衣外面再穿上蓝色的夹克——太难看了。
②We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea.我们一边喝茶一边愉快地交谈。
③We heard it over the radio.我们从广播中听到了它。
2.by的主要意思有“在……旁，靠近;乘(车、船等);不迟于;到……为止;被，由;根据，按照(关系);通过……方式”等，还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by构成的常见短语有：
by and by不久，迟早 by and large大体上
by oneself单独 by the way顺便说说
by far……得多，最…… by chance碰巧
by accident偶然地 by means of借助
by no means绝不，一点也不 by mistake错误地
①The water in the river rose by two meters.河水上涨了两米。
②He is an Englishman by birth.他在血统上是英国人。
3.with可以用来表示“带有，拥有;随着;就……来说;用，以;和，与;对于，关于”等意思。with还可用来表示原因。如：
①He turned red with anger.他气得脸变红了。
②The problem with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earth’s air.从地球上观察太空存在一个问题，就是地球的大气中有大量的尘埃。
4.beyond这个词同学们平时接触的机会不是太多，但它却是一个考查热点。beyond表示“(时间)过了，比……晚，迟于;(位置)在……那边，超出……之外;(范围)超过，为……所
不及，超出……的范围”等意思。如：
①They arrived beyond nine o’clock.他们过了9：00才到。
②The book is beyond me.这本书我看不懂。
③Tom is far beyond his elder brother in maths.汤姆的数学比他哥哥的好多了。
考点2 介词的固定搭配-
高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。
1.名词词组：on the contrary相反;in turn依次;in one’s opinion根据某人的看法;off time准时;out of reach够不着
2.动词词组：remind sb of sth提醒某人某事;rob sb of sth抢劫某人的……;restdt from由……引起;call at访问(某地)
3.形容词词组：be curious about对……好奇;be proud of因……而自豪;be popular with受到……的欢迎
4.介词短语：apart from除……Pb;in addition to除……之外(还);because of因为;instead of代替;in fear of为……提心吊胆;for fear of以免;in case of防备;thanks to由于;in the middle of在……中间;according to根据;in front of在……前面;in return for作为对……的回报;in charge of负责;as a result of作为……的结果;in exchange for与……交换等
典例： Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ______ name, not case number.
A of B as C by D with
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：如今有些医院是以姓名来查阅患者的，而不是凭病例编号(去查询的)。by name按姓名.
考点3核心介词用法归纳与辨析
1.表示时间的介词in的用法如下。表示在某一较长时间内，如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in，如：in the 1990s,in January,in(the)winter
in和during表一段时间内两词可互用。如：in the night,during the night,in the war,during the war。但略有区别：当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during，接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in。如：during the discussion/in discussing the problem during her stay in Hubei/in playing basketball/during the course of/in digging the tunnel
2.在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on。
3.表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。
有些时间名词前有one，each，any，every，some，all，next，last，that修饰时,不接介词。如：
that day，next Sunday some day，one day
4.till、until、to的用法。
(1)till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。如：
He waited for me till twelve o’clock.
He didn’t get up till (until) 10 a.m.(不可用to)
但注意：在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用?until?。如：
Not until 9 a.m.did Mr.Smith come back to school.
(2)to表“终结”时常和from连用，但要注意不与from连用时的意义。如：
from July to September,from six to (till) eight(从……到……为止)，但from morning till night(从早到晚)，不能用to。
5.表示方式、手段、工具的介词
(1)by the year/hour/day按年/小时/天，但to the pound按磅算，to the ton按吨计。
(2)表泛指的方式、手段:by post,by telephone(radio),但on the phone/on the radio/on TV(电讯器材)，by electricity，by hard work,learn sth.by heart,through the satellite,through practice,through his own efforts,through experience,through the telescope
(3)交通工具类。另外：by means of 用……方法，by way of 经由，取道于，用……方法;with the help(permission)of sb./with sb.’s help(permission)“在……帮助下”。
(4)表方式、手段的其他用法。
He beat the dog with a whip.(with+工具、机器)
One smells with his nose.(with+人体器官，但by hand“手工，用手”)
He stood up with pride.(with+情绪、情感、态度的名词)
注意：使用语言、材料、文字等用in。如in English(ink,pencil)。另外如：
in high(good,low)spirits,in anger,in joy,in comfort,in sorrow,in safety,in danger,in need,in debt,in love,in fun,in pain,in tears,in surprise, in good(poor)health,in good order,in flower,in a way,in a low voice,in silence,in(with)satisfaction,in a hurry,in(with)words,live/feed on food,kneel on one’s knee,take(catch)sb.by surprise(出其不意)
6.表示“除……之外”的几组常用介词比较。
(1)besides “除……以外，(还有)”。作副词时意思是“而且，更何况”。如：
It was too late to see a film,and besides,I was tired.
(2)except“除去，除……之外(不再有)”。如：
We all went except John.
在否定句中，两词可以换用，如：
He has no other hats except/besides this one.
(3)except for“除了……(对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明)”后接名词、代词或what从句，此时与except that+句子意思相同。如：
He was very clever except for carelessness.
(4)except that...“除了……一点以外”。如：
He has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses.
(5)but和except在表示“除了……以外”时可以通用，但应注意以下三点：前面有不定人词、疑问代词在意义上对称时，多用but。All but one are here.Nobody but I likes making model ships.后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用but。He has nothing to do but wait.(前有do,后省to);but与一些固定结构连用。have no choice but to do sth.只得做某事，can not but do sth.不得不,can not help but do sth.不得不……，but for...如不是……
7.介词的省略：
介词for表示时间的省略要求。
(1)以all开头的名词短语，for要省略。如：
I stayed with her all the morning.
(2)否定句中，表示时间的短语前的for不能省略。如：
I haven’t seen you for thirty years.
(3)时间状语在主句之前，for不能省略。如：
For the whole morning,the old man kept reading.
8.某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。
(1)要求接to的名词有：key,answer,visit,entrance,apology,introduction,road等。
(2)要求接in 的名词有：interest,satisfaction,expert等。
He is expert in teaching small children.
介词的用法很繁杂，要在平时注意积累。
【试题放送】
【2012湖北卷】25. The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _______ in the garden of a traditional home
A. out of question B. out of order C. out of sight D. out of place
【答案】D
【考点】考查介词短语辨析。难度中等。
【解析】句意为：这套家具款式新潮，色泽明丽，与新式房屋和花园配套，但看起来与传统的房子和花园不相称。D项意为“与……不相称”，符合句意。A项意为“毫无疑问”，B项意为“次序颠倒”，C项意为“看不见”，都与句意不符。
【2012江苏卷】29. — Thank God you're safe!
—I stepped back, just to avoid the racing car.
A. in time B. in case C. in need D. in vain
【考点】介词短语
【答案】A
【解析】in time意为“及时”，in case意为“万一，假使”;in need意为“需要”;in vain意为“徒劳，无济于事”。句意为：——谢天谢地，你是安全的!——我走回去，正好避免赛车。符合题意。
【2012安徽卷】25. You can chang your job, you can move house,but friendship is meant to be life.
A. of B. on C. to D. For
【答案】D
【解析】选择D是正确的，mean在此表示“预定，指定”。The gift is meant for you. 这份礼物是给你的。 He was meant for [to be ]an electrician. 本来是准备把他培养成电工的。
【2012辽宁卷】27. The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place the main road at the far end of the lake.
A. to B. for C. off D. out
【考点】介词辨析
【答案】C
【解析】off 意思是“离开...,隔着...”，表示与……隔着一定的距离。
【2012四川卷】14. This training program can give you a lift at work, ____ increase your income by 40%.
A. as well as B. so long as C. so much as D. as soon as
14.【答案与解析】 A 本题考查介词as构成的短语用法区别。A意为“除…之外(还有);和”;B意为“只要”;C意为“与…一样多”(不用于肯定句);D意为“一…就”。此题句意为：这个培训计划除了可以提高你的收入40%之外，还能够让你在工作方面得到提升。根据句意选A。
【2012陕西卷】11.An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ______________ it.
A . against B. for C .to D. with
【答案】A
【考点】考查介词。
【解析】所填介词与系动词be构成固定句型，意思是：反对，选A。be for支持，赞成;be to到达;be with和……在一起，都与句意不符。
【2012届江苏省苏、锡、常、镇四市高三调研测试(一)】25. _____________ our foreign policy, we now have multiple threats, very few of which involve the traditional battles of the past.
A. In honour of B. In terms of C. In the form of D. In defence of
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语的用法。此处In honour of用来纪念。。。; In terms of就。。。而言;谈到。。。;In the form of以。。。的形式;In defence of以保护。。。;此处为“就我们的外交政策而言。”
【2012届吉林省吉林市高三第二次模拟】28. We must read not only between the lines, but sometimes ________ the lines so that we can fully understand the writer.
A. within B. among C. besides D. beyond
【答案】D
【解析】查介词。此处beyond the lines意为“言外之意”。
【2012届山东省菏泽重点高中高三下学期4月模拟】27. Some students often listen to music ___ ___ classes to refresh themselves.
A. between B. among C. over D. during
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词的用法。此处between意为“位于/处在/介于……之间”，表示两者或每两者之间的关系。between classes表示“课间”。among意为“在(多数)之中，在……中间”，表示三者或三者以上的人或物之间的关系，指“混合或掺杂在多数可分离的人或物之间”。over 意为“越过……”。during 意为“在……的期间，在……的时候”。
【2012届广西桂林市、崇左市、百色市、防城港市高考联合调研】33.—You are so excellent.
—I don’t understand what you mean saying that.
A.by B.for C.of D.in
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词的用法。解题关键：句型what do you mean by 。。。句意：我不明白你那么说的意思。
【2012届浙江杭州重点高中原创模拟】13. ___________ the consequences of the chemical leaks, the specialists haven’t given final conclusion before they obtain accurate statistics.
A. With regard to B. As a result of C. In spite of D. In addition to
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。with regard to 意为“关于”;as a result of 意为“由于…的结果”;in spite of 意为“尽管”; in addition to 意为“除…之外”。 句意为：关于化学泄露所产生的后果，专家在拿到准确的数据之前，还没有给出最后结论。故选A。
【2012届北京海淀区高三一模】29. --- I’m going to have lunch. Do you mind talking about your plan ____ lunch?
---All right. I’ll wait here in the office.
A. after B. before C. over D. until
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词题。在看到第一句话的时候本以为考查的是over在……同时的知识点，难度较高。例如：Could you please have a talk with me over a cup of coffee?你能和我喝杯咖啡说说话吗?表示在喝咖啡的同时说话。但是看到第二句话立刻晕倒，另一个人说在这里等，那明显是午饭后再谈，所以答案为A选项after。只要不胡乱添加中文意思，就不会误选B选项和D选项。
【2012届江西省上饶市第一次高考模拟】26.The director will by no means turn the actress away all she is considered the most qualified for the role.
A.because of B.regardless of C.in spite of D.despite of
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语的含义。句意：导演绝不会拒绝那个演员，因为她被认为是这个角色最合格的演员。
高三英语教案：《特殊词复习》教学设计
俗话说，凡事预则立，不预则废。作为高中教师就要精心准备好合适的教案。教案可以让学生们能够更好的找到学习的乐趣，减轻高中教师们在教学时的教学压力。高中教案的内容要写些什么更好呢？小编收集并整理了“高三英语教案：《特殊词复习》教学设计”，欢迎大家与身边的朋友分享吧！
本文题目：高三英语语法复习教案：特殊词复习教案
8.1 stop doing/to do
stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事，stop doing 停止做某事。例如：
They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。
I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。
典型例题
She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest
答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择"stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事"。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。
8.2 forget doing/to do
forget to do 忘记要去做某事，forget doing 忘记做过某事。例如：
The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)
典型例题
---- The light in the office is still on. ---- Oh，I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
8.3 remember doing/to do
remember to do 记得去做某事，remember doing 记得做过某事。例如：
Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
8.4 regret doing/to do
regret to do 对将要做的事遗憾，regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。例如：
I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。
I don't regret telling her what I thought. 我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。
典型例题
---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
---Well, now I regret ___ that.
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
答案：D。regret having done sth. 对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth. 对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选D。
8.5 cease doing/to do
cease to do 长时间，甚至永远停做某事，cease doing 短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。例如：
That department has ceased to exist forever. 那个系已不复存在。
The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by. 姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。
8.6 try doing/to do
try to do 努力，企图做某事，try doing 试验，试着做某事。例如：
You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。
I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。
8.7 go on doing/to do
go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，go on doing 继续做原来做的事。例如：
After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。
Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习
8.8 be afraid doing/to do
be afraid to do 不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为"怕"，be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing 是客观上造成的，意为"生怕，恐怕"。She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.
她生怕被蛇咬着，不敢在草丛中再走一步。
She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
8.9 be interested doing/to do
interested to do 对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事，interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。例如：
I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道发生了什么事。(想了解)
I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that?
我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗? (一种想法)
8.10 mean to doing/to do
mean to do 打算、想，mean doing 意味着。例如：
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 增加工资意味着增加购买力。
8.11 begin(start) doing/to do
begin / start to do sth /begin / start doing sth.
1)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing。例如：
How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴?
2)begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do。例如：
I was beginning to get angry。我开始生起气来。
3)在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。例如：
I begin to understand the truth。我开始明白真相。
4)事物作主语时。例如：
The snow began to melt.雪开始融化了
8.12 感官动词 + doing/to do
感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，+doing 表示动作的进行性。例如：
I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
典型例题
1)They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.
A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow
答案：A。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。
2)The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playingC. playD. to play
答案A. 本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型。
高三英语教案：《介词与介词短语复习》教学设计
一名优秀的教师在每次教学前有自己的事先计划，作为高中教师就要在上课前做好适合自己的教案。教案可以让学生更容易听懂所讲的内容，帮助高中教师提高自己的教学质量。那么一篇好的高中教案要怎么才能写好呢？考虑到您的需要，小编特地编辑了“高三英语教案：《介词与介词短语复习》教学设计”，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
本文题目：高三英语复习教案：介词与介词短语复习教案
【备考策略】
一、介词和介词短语
介词是一种虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词或代词(相当于名词的其他词类短语或从句)构成介词短语，才能在句中充当某一个成分。介词短语在句中可充当状语，表语，定语及补语等成分。
How I wish every family had a large house with a beautiful garden!
Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
二、连词
连词是用来连接词、短语、从句或句子的一种虚词不能独立担任句子成分。
按词义及其句法作用，连词可分为并列连词和从属连词。常见的并列连词有and, but, or, not only...but also, yet, either...or...等。常见的从属连词有when, because, if, though, as if, now that, until, unless等。
I saw Bob play the piano at John's party and on that occasion he was simply brilliant.
Not only is the teacher himself interested in football but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.
Please follow your supervisor's instructions, or you'll offend him.
一、介词和介词短语
在高考试题中对介词的考查主要集中在常见介词搭配中。如：
1.for为了;因为
I apologised to the teacher for my being late.
For some reason, I refused his invitation.
2.without 没有
He came in without his manager's permission.
I wouldn't have finished the task without your help.
3.by 借助于某种手段
The old man earned his living by selling fruits.
4.over “在正上方(但未接触);超过”，多表示年龄，距离或跨越一定的高度
You can't wear a blue jacket over that shirt.
The plane can fly over the mountain.
5.beyond 超越(界限、范围、限度)，可指时间或程度
It's quite beyond me why such things have been allowed to happen.
6.across 表示从空间表面上横穿。through 表示从人体或物体的内部穿过，也可指抽象意义上的通过。
He suddenly saw Mary across the room. He pushed his way through the crowd of people to get to her.
7.besides“除……之外”，其宾语包括在内。
except“除了”，其宾语不包括在内。
except for强调整体中的细节，前后事物不属于同类。
but常和except互换，强调不在其中。
but for“要不是”，往往用在虚拟语气的含蓄条件句中。
Besides flowers, the pupils sent their teacher a nice greeting card for her birthday.
The article is very good except for some spelling mistakes.
二、连词
对连词的考查，近年高考主要集中在对从属连词和并列连词的考查上。对从属连词的考查主要集中在对其在不同从
句中的不同用法的考查;对并列连词的考查主要集中在对其
连接并列成分的用法以及特点上。
1.并列连词
(1)and, or和but
I must work hard, or I'll fail in the contest.
Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.
—Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
—I'd like to, but I'm too busy.
(2)not only...but (also), as well as不但……而且
She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.
Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.
(3)neither...nor “既不……也不……”; both...and...“两者都”;either...or...“不是……就是……”
Neither you nor he is to blame.
Either you or I am right.
(4)not...but... 不是……而是……
They were not the bones of an animal, but the bones of a
human being.
(5)for 因为
He is absent today, for he is ill.
注意：for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。
(6)so, therefore因此
He hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game.
2.从属连词主要应用在各种状语从句中。
考点解析
直接考介词的高考题也许并不象别的那样语法题目多，但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。因此，通过高考题目对介词的考查的具体分类分析，来了解一下介词的句法功能和常考的容易混淆的介词还是很有必要的。
一、对介词句法功能的考查：
点拨：介词构成的短语，可以在句子中充当定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等;介词有时在句子中活用为副词，充当状语。
【高考链接】The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings;______，it caused 20 deaths.
A. or else B. therefore C. after all D. besides
解析：答案D。句意：飓风毁坏了很多的住房和商厦;另外，还造成20人死亡。besides这里用作副词，作状语，表“而且……，另外……，再说……”。
【高考链接】I couldn't do my homework with all that noise _______.( A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
解析：答案为A。 with后接复合宾语中的“动词+V-ing形式 ”作宾补。
【高考链接】Banging (猛推)open her door into mine , the driver shouted back : “Make me!” ___ this she stepped out of the garage.
A. For B. With C. From D. Upon
解析：答案为B。with this 随着这句话语。她一边说，一边走出了车库。
【高考链接】I don’t mind picking up your things from the store. ______ , the walk will do me good.
A. Sooner or later B. Still C. In time D. Besides
解析：答案为D。在这里介词besides 活用为副词，作状语，意思是“而且… …，另外… …，再说… …”。句子的意思是：另外，步行对我对我有好处。
【高考链接】I wanted two seats _______ Madame Curie for Friday night, so I rang the cinema to see if I could book two tickets.
A. of B. about C. to D. for
解析：答案为D。表示某个的电影座位(票)，英语用介词for作定语。注意介词of 表示所属关系，意思是“ … …的”。电影与座位(票)之间构不成所属关系。
二、对常用介词的辨析：
点拨：介词用法多且复杂，相近的意思又可以有不同的介词表示，介词更着重与动词、形容词和其他从句结合在一起进行考查，所以要根据语境和交际条件灵活运用介词;同时对常用的介词要重点进行区别整理。
【高考链接】There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldn’t get _______.( A. between B. through C. across D. beyond
解析：答案为B。get through 穿过，通过。门上站着许多人，这个小姑娘无法穿过。
【高考链接】He suddenly saw Sue _____ the room. He pushed his way ____ the crowd of people to get to her
A. across, across B. over, through C. over, into D. across, through
解析：答案为D。across指在空间上从一端到另一端。Through 着重从物体中间穿过。
【高考链接】―????When do we need to pay the balance? ― September 30. (A. In B. By C. During D. Within
解析：答案B。“by+时间点”表示“到某时间为止，不迟于某时间”。
【高考链接】We hadn’t planned to meet. We met ______ chance. A. of B. in C. for D. by
解析：答案D。本题考查固定习语中介词的用法。by chance = by accident 意为“偶然”。
三、对介词短语搭配的考查：
介词常和某些形容词、动词和名词联合运用，形成固定搭配，表示各种不同的意思，只要记住这些固定搭配，准确把握词组的语义，这类题目应该不是太难。
【高考链接】Fred, who had expected how it would go with his daughter, had a great worry _____ his mind.
A. on B. in C. with D. at
解析：答案为A。本题主要考查mind 之前不同介词的用法。be on one’s mind 和have something on one’s mind表示“(使某人)为某事担忧”，如：My deputy has resigned , so I have got a lot o my mind just now.而bear/keep somebody/something in mind 表示“记住某人/事”。
【高考链接】The classroom is big enough ______, but we’ll have to move if we have more students.
A.for the moment B.on the moment C.in a moment D.for a moment
解析：答案为A。for the moment暂时。根据we'll have to move if we have more students可判断出教室暂时可容纳现有的学生。for a moment表示一段时间。
【高考链接】 He got to the station early, ______ missing his train.
A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search of
解析：答案为C。for fear of 为固定搭配，害怕。In case of 万一;instead of 代替;in search of 搜寻。 句子的意思为因为害怕赶不上火车，所以提前赶到车站。
【高考链接】The winter of 1990 was extremely bad. ____ most people say it was the worst winter of their lives.
A. At last B. In fact C. In a word D. As a result
解析：答案为B。in fact “实际上”，进一步说明1990年天气的寒冷。At last 最后;in a word 总而言之;as a result 结果是。
五年高考
A组 2012年全国高考题组
1.【2012浙江卷】6. all the animals I've ever had, these two dogs arc the most sensitive to the spoken word.
A. From B. Of C. For D. With
【考点】介词
【答案】B
【解析】 two dogs所属与all animals，故用介词of表示这种关系，如：many of us, 我们其中的许多人，故答案B符合语境。From从;for为了;with有，均不符合语境，故排除。
2.【2012湖北卷】25. The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _______ in the garden of a traditional home
A. out of question B. out of order C. out of sight D. out of place
【答案】D
【考点】考查介词短语辨析。难度中等。
【解析】句意为：这套家具款式新潮，色泽明丽，与新式房屋和花园配套，但看起来与传统的房子和花园不相称。D项意为“与……不相称”，符合句意。A项意为“毫无疑问”，B项意为“次序颠倒”，C项意为“看不见”，都与句意不符。
3.【2012江苏卷】29. — Thank God you're safe!
—I stepped back, just to avoid the racing car.
A. in time B. in case C. in need D. in vain
【考点】介词短语
【答案】A
【解析】in time意为“及时”，in case意为“万一，假使”;in need意为“需要”;in vain意为“徒劳，无济于事”。句意为：——谢天谢地，你是安全的!——我走回去，正好避免赛车。符合题意。
4.【2012辽宁卷】27. The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place the main road at the far end of the lake.
A. to B. for C. off D. out
【考点】介词辨析
【答案】C
【解析】off 意思是“离开...,隔着...”，表示与……隔着一定的距离。
5.【2012四川卷】14. This training program can give you a lift at work, ____ increase your income by 40%.
A. as well as B. so long as C. so much as D. as soon as
【答案与解析】 A 本题考查介词as构成的短语用法区别。A意为“除…之外(还有);和”;B意为“只要”;C意为“与…一样多”(不用于肯定句);D意为“一…就”。此题句意为：这个培训计划除了可以提高你的收入40%之外，还能够让你在工作方面得到提升。根据句意选A。
6.【2012陕西卷】11.An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ______________ it.
A . against B. for C .to D. with
【答案】A
【考点】考查介词。
【解析】所填介词与系动词be构成固定句型，意思是：反对，选A。be for支持，赞成;be to到达;be with和……在一起，都与句意不符。
7.【2012陕西卷】11.An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ______________ it.
A . against B. for C .to D. with
【答案】A
【考点】考查介词。
【解析】所填介词与系动词be构成固定句型，意思是：反对，选A。be for支持，赞成;be to到达;be with和……在一起，都与句意不符。
8.【2012福建卷】26. China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ____all its citizens.
A. in charge of B. for the purpose of C. in honor of D. for the benefit of
【答案】D
【考点】考查介词短语
B组 2008-2011年全国高考题组
1.【2011浙江卷 5】I always wanted to do the job which I’d been trained ______.
A. on B. for C. by D. of
【答案】B
【考点】考查介词。
【解析】语义：我经常想做我之前为之受过培训的工作，for表示目的，意为“为了…”，符
2.【2011四川卷 8】Nick, it’s good for you to read some books __________China before you start your trip there.
A. in B. for C. of D. on
【答案】D
【考点】考查介词。
【解析】on 表示关于，some books on China意为“关于中国的一些书”。句意为：“Nick，你在去中国旅行之前最好读一些关于中国的书。”故选D。
合题意。
3.【2011天津卷 11】He was a good student and scored _________ average in most subjects.
A. below B. of C. on D. above
【答案】D
【考点】考察介词。
【解析】句意为：他是一个好学生,大多数科目得分高于平均水平。above average高于平均数;below average低于平均数;on average平均起来，一般说来。
4.【2011福建卷 22】____ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dished.
A. Far from B. Apart from C.Instead of D.Regardless of
【答案】B
【考点】考查介词短语。
【解析】除了优质的服务外，这个饭店提供了不同种类的传统的福建菜。apart from表“除……以外”，符合语意。far fr om“远离，远非”;instead of“代替，而不是”;regardless of“不管，不顾”。
5.【2011重庆卷 24】Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read __________ the library.
A. in B. for C. by D. from
【答案】D
【考点】考查介词。
【解析】句意为“Shirley，一个读书爱好者，经常从图书馆带些书回家去读”。
6.【2012安徽卷】25. You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant _____ life.
A. of B. on C. to D. For
【答案】D
【解析】选择D是正确的，mean在此表示“预定，指定”。The gift is meant for you. 这份礼物是给你的。 He was meant for [to be ]an electrician. 本来是准备把他培养成电工的。
7.【2010福建卷】The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.
A. before B. until C. as D. since
【答案】A
【考点】考连词的使用
【解析】根据 “rung the bell” 和 “the door was opened “的发生先后, 可以得出答案。句子的含义是：女孩还没来得及按门铃, 门就突然打开了。她的朋友们一拥而上去欢迎她。
8.【2010上海卷】 our manage objects to Tom’s joining the club, we shall accept him as a member.
A. Until B. Unless C. If D. After
【答案】B
【考点】本题考查连词
【解析】此句意思是 “除非我们经理反对tom加入俱乐部, 不然我们都应接受他成为其中一员。”
9.【2009北京卷】The wine industry in the area has developed in a special way, ____ little foreign ownership.
A. by B. of C. with D. from
【答案】C
【考点】本题考查介词。
【解析】句意为：这个地区的白酒业以一种特殊的方式在发展着, 具有很少的外国所有权。with具有, 带有, 表伴随。
10.【2009北京卷】Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with ___extra stress.
A. it B. them C. one D. him
【答案】A
【考点】本题考查介词。
【解析】本题较难, 根据句意, “作为一个父母并非总是一件容易的事, 而作为一个有特殊需求的孩子的父母来说就需要有的额外的压力。后一分句的正常语序为"being the parent of a child with special needs often carries extra stress with it. it特指being the parent of a child with special needs这件事。”
11.【2008浙江卷】Everything was perfect for the picnic the weather.?
A. in place of B. as well as? C. except for D. in case of
【答案】C
【考点】本题考查介词短语的辨析。
【解析】C项except for为肯定整体、除去瘕疵, 后跟名词。句意为：除了天气之外, 一切都适合野餐。
12.【2008浙江卷】Why are you so anxious? It isn’t your problem .?
A. on purpose B. in all? C. on time D. after all
【答案】D
【考点】本题考查介词短语的辨析。
【解析】A项为 “故意地”;B项为 “总共”;C项为 “按时”;D项为 “毕竟”。句意为：你为什么如此地焦急?毕竟不是你的问题。
三年模拟
A组 2012年全国高考模拟题组
1.(浙江省余姚中学2012届高三第一次质检 4)Water quality _____ the coast of the Bohai Bay has been becoming worse, due to huge waste carried by rivers into the sea.
A. off B. on C. in D. at
2. (浙江省温州中学2012届高三上学期期末试题 5)Some officials were arrested and charged ________ neglecting their duties.
A. with B. of C. for D. on
3. (浙江省温州中学2012届高三上学期期末试题 18)_____, I’m glad you made that mistake, for it will serve as a warning to you.
A. In the way B. On the way C. By the way D. In a way
4.(浙江省台州市2012届高三期末质量评估试题 11)A new book supermarket was opened right ________ that street, and Mary’s small book store began to suffer.
A. by B. off C. across D. from
5. (浙江省四校2012届高三联考试题 11) I should apologize to you for failing to visit you last week, but I've been very busy_____ the
past few months.
A. since B. before C. among D. over
6.( 浙江省四校2012届高三联考试题 14)Most Chinese carmakers are years behind their western counterparts _______ quality,
technology and service.
A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of
7. (浙江省绍兴市2012届高三上学期期末调测 7)To fully understand the poem, we must read not only between the lines, but sometimes the lines.
A. beneath B. within C. among D. beyond
8.(浙江省任岩松中学2012届高三期初五校联考 4)China understands the situation and needs of underdeveloped countries on the issue of climate change and urges developed countries to support them________ technology and finance.
A. in spite of B. owing to C. regardless of D. in terms of
9.( 浙江省宁波四中2012届高三上学期期末考试题 7) People with fair skins are more _______ of skin cancer.
A. at risk B. at coast C. in danger D. in trouble
10. (浙江省宁波四中2012届高三上学期期末考试题 19)
—I’m sure Harry will remember the meeting, but why not give him a ring just _______?
—Sure, I will.
A. in time B. in case C. in advance D. at first
11. (浙江省临海市杜桥中学2012高三12月月考 14)______ our good cooperation over the past years, let’s meet each other half way. I’ll reduce our price by 5%.
A. In case B. In view of C. In fear of D. In spite of
12.( 浙江省东阳市南马高中2012届高三下学期入学考试 7)Cynthia is not ashamed of what she does, ______ she ends up doing something wrong.
A. as though B. in case C. even if D. for fear
B组 2010-2011年全国高考模拟题组
1.(宁波市效实中学2010—2011学年度高三第一学期期中考试 6) their arrival in Australia, Sir Joseph Banks and his team were amazed the exotic plants and set out to record and collect them instantly.
A.On;at B.At;by C.With.;about D.Upon;for
2.(浙江省富阳场口中学2010学年第一学期联谊学校期中考试)Christmas is a holiday usually celebrated on December 25th ____________ the birth of Jesus Christ.
A. in charge of B. in terms of C. in favor of D. in honor of
3.( 浙江省绍兴一中 2011届高三英语期中理科试题 26)
— Do you like Nack?
— Yes, Nack is good, kind, hard-working and intelligent; _________, I can’t speak too highly of him.
A. as a result B. in short
C. by the way D. on the contrary
4.(2010学年第一学期温州十校联合体高三期中联考 4)Being expos ed for a long time ______ strong sunlight might seriously damage your skin.
A. to B. under C. in D. over
5.(2010学年第一学期温州十校联合体高三期中联考 16) Nowadays, many people walk to work______ Copenhagen Conference calling for living a low—carbon lifestyle to cope with global warming.
A. in relation to B. in response to
C. in addition to D. in opposition to
6.(金华一中2010学年第一学期期中考试 4)The home improvements have taken what little there is ______ my spare time.
A. from B. in C. of D. at
7.( 浙江省长兴三中2010届高三第一次月考 23)The little boy got punished what he had done .
A. because B. because of C. since D. as
8.( 浙江省长兴三中2010届高三第一次月考 40)浙江省长兴三中2010届高三第一次月考He came here to discuss it with you.
A. on purpose B. by chance C. for purpose D. on design
9.(浙江省杭州高级中学2010届高三上学期第一次月考 20)To a small and faraway town like this, a car accident is always considered ______ interest, so people soon gathered around.
A. as B. of C. by D. in
10.(浙江省瑞安中学2010届高三暑期总结性测试 19)It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _______ easy reach.
A. near B. upon C. within D. around
高三英语教案：《词组及搭配复习》教学设计
经验告诉我们，成功是留给有准备的人。作为教师就要在上课前做好适合自己的教案。教案可以让学生更好的吸收课堂上所讲的知识点，帮助教师营造一个良好的教学氛围。优秀有创意的教案要怎样写呢？经过搜索和整理，小编为大家呈现“高三英语教案：《词组及搭配复习》教学设计”，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
高中英语词组 搭配整理
abandon oneself to sth. 沉溺于
with abandon 尽情地
the ability to do sth.做某事的能力
to the best of one’s ability 尽最大努力
from above 来自上级的
above all 首先，最重要的是
at home and abroad 国内外
be absorbed in 全神贯注于
be abundant/rich in sth. 。。。丰富
accept a challenge 接受挑战
accept sb.’s apology 接受某人的道歉
by accident 偶然
accommodate sb. with 向某人供应，提供
accommodate sb. for the night 留。。。住一夜
according as (+从句)根据。。。而。。。
according to(+n.)按照
on account of 因为，由于
on all accounts/every account 无论如何
on no account 绝不
take …into account/take account of 考虑到，顾及，体谅
accuse sb. of (doing) sth./charge sb. with (doing) sth. 指控某人犯。。。
be accustomed to 习惯于
achieve one’s aim/goal 达到目的
have a nodding acquaintance of sb. 与某人有点头之交
make one’s acquaintance 结识，与。。。相见
act as 担任。。。职务
act for 代表，代理
act out 以行动表现，表演
in action 在活动/运转中
out of action 不活动的，失去机能
put sth. in/into action 使。。。活动，实行
take action 采取行动
add up 加起
add up to 合计达
in addition to 除。。。之外(还)
give/make/deliver an address 做演讲
admire sb. for 因。。。钦佩某人
in advance 事先
in advance of 在。。。前面
take advantage of 利用
give sb. some advice (on sth.) 给某人(某方面)提出建议
accept/follow/ take sb.’s advice 接受某人的建议
ask for sb.’s advice 向某人征求意见
on sb.’s advice 根据某人的建议
after all 毕竟，终究，别忘了，要知道
After you! 你先请
again and again 反复地，再三地
once again 再一次
over and (over) again 一再地，反复地
time and (time) again 一再地，反复地
ahead of 在。。。之前
go ahead 前进，干吧，说吧
in aid of 作为对。。。的帮助
with the aid of 借助于
in the air 在空中，在流传中，(问题计划)悬而未决
in the open air 在户外
on/off the air 正在广播/停播
give the alarm 发出警报
be alert to 对。。警觉
be alert in 对。。。机敏
on the alert 处于警戒状态
alert sb. to sth. 向某人报警
alert sb. for sth. 通知
all along 始终，一贯，一直
all but 几乎，差不多
all in all 总的说来
all over 到处，遍及，全部结束
at all (否定)根本，丝毫;(疑问)究竟，到底;(条件)既然。。。就
in all 总计
not at all 不客气
allow for 考虑到，体谅，为。。留出余地
allow of 容许，容许有。。。的可能(事做主语)
to one’s amusement 令某人觉得有趣的是
with/in amusement 津津有味地
and so on/forth 等等
make an announcement 发布通知
be annoyed with sb. for/at sth. 因。。。对。。。生气
one after another 相继，顺次
one another 互相
one thing…another… 。。。是一回事，。。。是另一回事
answer sb.’s call 响应。。的号召
answer for 对。。。负责
in answer to 作为对。。的回答
anything but 根本不
apart form 除了
fall apart 土崩瓦解
tell apart 区别
an appendix to the book 该书的附录
have one’s appendix out 切除阑尾
the apple of the(one’s) eye 瞳孔，极珍爱的人或物
cover/have an area of 占地面积
argue for/against 赞成/反对
argue sb. into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事
arise from 由。。。引起
give rise to 引起
arm in arm 手挽手的
arrange for sb. to do sth.安排某人做某事
make an arrangement 做安排
under arrest 被捕
as for/to 至于。。。关于。。。
as if/though 好像
aside from 除了
be of assistance to sb. 有助于
with the assistance of 在。。。帮助下
assume a new aspect 呈现新的面貌
assume airs of 摆架子
in astonishment 吃惊地
to sb.’s astonishment 使某人惊讶的是
bring sth. to the attention of sb. 使某人关注某事
with attention 专心致志地
be attentive to sth. 专心于某事
lend an attentive ear to 倾听
on (an/the) average 平均
be awkward with 对。。。笨拙
B
back and forth 来回地，往复地
know sth. backwards 对。。。极其熟悉
badly off 贫困的
as blind as a bat 视力极差的
bear out 证实
bear up 坚持下去，振作起来
bear with 忍受，容忍
give/deal a blow to sb. 给某人打击
at the beginning of 在。。之初
from beginning to end 自始至终
on/in behalf of 代表
bring into being 使出现，使存在
come into being 出现，产生
for the time being 目前，暂时
believe it or not 信不信由你
tighten one’s belt 勒紧腰带，忍饥受寒
public benefit 公益
be of benefit to 对。。。有益
for the benefit of 为了。。。的利益
be bent on 对。。。决意
all the best 万事如意
at best 充其量，至多
make the best of 充分利用
beyond praise 不胜夸奖
a bird in the bush 没把握的事
a bird in the hand 有把握的事
an early bird 早起者，早到者
by birth 在血统上，生来
give birth to 生孩子
bit by bit 渐渐，一点一点地
blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎到某人
to be blame 应受责备
in full bloom 繁花盛开
blow away 吹走，驱散
blow down 刮倒
blow out 吹熄
blow up (使)爆炸，炸飞，充气
at a(one) blow 一下子
above board 光明正大地
on board 在船上/飞机上
make a boast of 自夸
in the same boat 同舟共济，共患难
body and soul 全心全意
body building 健身，健美
body language 肢体语言
boil down to 意味着，归结为
have a bone to pick with 与。。。争辩，对。。。不满
to the bone 到极点
born of 来源于
Bottoms up!干杯
at the bottom of 在。。。底部，末端
from the bottom of one’s heart 发自内心
be bound to 一定，注定
be bound up in 专注于，忙于
bu bound up with 与。。。有密切关系
bow out 退出
make/earn one’s bread 谋生
out of bread 失业
break away from 脱离
break down 损坏，(把化合物)分解，(汽车)抛锚，垮掉
break in 非法闯入，插嘴，打断
break into 破门而入，非法闯入
break off 打断，折断，中断(谈话)
break out (战争，火灾，疾病)突发
break through 冲破，突破
break up 分解，分裂
short of breath 上气不接下气
feel a breath of spring 感到春的气息
catch/hold one’s breath 摒住呼吸
out of breath 气喘吁吁
bring about 带来，引起，导致
bring back 把。。。拿回来，归还，使回忆起来，使恢复
bring back to life 使复生
bring down 使落下，打倒，降低，减少
bring in 收(庄稼)，引进(风尚，话题)，挣得(利润)
bring off 成功地做
bring on 使前进，使发展
bring out 取出来，使出现，出版
bring up 教育，培养，提出，呕吐
build on 把。。。建立于，依赖
build up 逐步建立，增进，积聚
bump along 颠簸着行进
bump into 偶遇
burn down 烧毁，烧成平地
burst forth 突发，爆发，冒出
burst in 闯入，突然出现，插嘴，打断
burst into 闯入，突然。。。起来
burst out 突然。。。起来，(战争，疾病)突发
by and by 不久之后
by day 日间，在白天
