高二英语教案：《English around the world》教学设计。
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高二英语教案：《English around the world》教学设计
内容简析
本节课的内容是人民教育出版社出版的NSE高中教材必修1第二单元的Pre-reading, Reading, Comprehension 部分，本单元的话题是英语及其发展。本节课是单元的阅读课，教材以英语发展史的顺序呈现，教师可在充分利用教材资源的基础上，结合学生的实际情况设计教学活动，旨在帮助学生有效地掌握阅读技巧，形成有效地学习方法和阅读策略，同时了解篇章结构和写作特点，为下一步进行议论文的写作教学做好准备。
目标聚焦
一、知识目标
1、初步理解、掌握课文中出现的新词语，学习分析课文中的长难句子，初步感知课文中出现的本单元要学的语法现象。
2、加强学生对英语语言的了解，特别是英语发展过程的了解。
二、技能目标
1、能理解文章主旨大意，获取信息、处理信息、进行推理判断和表达的能力。
2、形成分析篇章结构的能力，提升逻辑思维能力
3、学会总结体裁文章主题的方法。
三、策略目标
1、通过标题预测文章内容；运用略读和找读策略迅速获取信息,并能够精读文章获取信息和分析信息。
2、能利用上下文猜测生词词义。
（四）情感态度目标
了解英语在世界上的发展状况；增强学习英语的意识。
方法运用
1、整体教学法
2、体裁教学法
3、导、读、练的教学模式
学习流程
Before class (课前自主学习，合作探究)
Task 1 Vocabulary（词汇预习）
Preview the new words of this text.
【设计意图】通过预习词汇为下一步的阅读扫清生词障碍。
Task 2 Warming up（热身）
Do you know there is more than one kind of English? In some important ways they are very different from one another. For example, American and British English separately use bathroom and toilet to refer to the same meaning. Can you list some different English words having the same meaning? Write them down.
____________________________________________________________________________
【设计意图】通过对同一事物的不同表达展现了英语语言在不同国家的差异,目的是使学生对英国英语和美国英语的不同有一个粗浅的了解,渗透本单元的教学内容。
Task 3 With your partner, list the countries that use English as an official language.
_________________________________________________________________________
Task 4 Do the Exx in Fast reading
Task 5 Read the text and try to find out the difficult and charming sentences and then try to analyze or memorize them.
【设计意图】通过让学生课前列举出说英语的国家、自己找出难句、典句并试着分析和欣赏，培养学生主动发现问题问题和解决问题的能力，同时为课上的研读环节作了充分的铺垫。
In class（课上交流展示、研讨提升）
Step 1 Check-up and lead in（展示预习成果和导入新课）
1. Get two members of different groups to come to the Bb and check up their prevision tasks, one group to do the following task:
Find the words or expressions for each of the following meanings from the text.
A.________ who or what somebody or something is
B.________ a word for gas in British English
C.________ not sudden
D.________ in fact
E.________ the second of two things or people already mentioned
F.________ often
G.________ long trip by sea or in space
H.________ able to speak or write a language well
The other group is to report their prevision of the warming-up part.
【设计意图】该环节的设计意图是检查学生对前两个课前预习任务的完成情况。
2. Look at the title of the passage and guess what it is about. Then read it quickly and see if you are right.
【设计意图】通过标题对课文内容进行预测，培养学生预测阅读内容的能力。同时通过预测激起进一步探究的好奇心，顺理成章的引入新课。
Step 2 Fast reading（速读）
Read the passage quickly and decide whether the statements are true or false and explain why, using skimming and scanning skills.
1) English had the most speakers in the 17th century. ( )
2) English developed when new settlers and rulers came to Britain. ( )
3) Languages frequently change. ( )
4) The language of the government is always the language of the country. ( )
5) English is one of the official languages used in India. ( )
6) This reading describes the development of the English language. ( )
【设计意图】通过设计让学生判断正误，引导学生运用略读策略快速了解课文的主要内容，并检查读前预测是否正确；通过对课文主要信息的寻找，可以培养学生迅速搜索信息的能力。
Step 3 Careful reading （细读）
1 ) Choose the best answer according to the text.
(1). What is the text mainly about?
A. Why English has changed since 450 AD
B. A brief history of the English language.
C. English's being widely spoken in the world.
D. The differences between old and modern English.
(2). The last sentence "Only time will tell" in the text probably means that ________.
A. English may develop its won identity in China combined with Chinese
B. Chinese people may help change English a great deal
C. there may be more and more English learners in China.
(3). Which of the following is not true?
A. Languages are changing gradually over time.
B. Between AD 450 and 800, English was like German
C. In the 19th century, English was the official language of India
D. Before the 18th century, English was only spoken in England
2) Read the passage carefully and do the following exercises. Fill in the chart with the information in the text.TimeEvents
At the end of the 16th century1.2.
Based on German3.English became less like German4.Shakespeare broadened the vocabulary. A big change in English usage happened
In the 18th century5.6.
English became the language for government and education in India
2) Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Paragraph 1 A. the example of the difference between different native English speakers
Paragraph 2 B. widely use of English
Paragraph 3 C. English is a language spoken all around the world
Paragraph 4 D. Why English has changed over time
Paragraph 5 E. English was settle
【设计意图】通过对文章的进一步阅读，更深层的来把握文章的细节。考虑到学生归纳概括的能力比较薄弱，采用选择和填空的形式给予学生帮助，可以降低难度，同时也教给学生如何来阅读此类文章；让学生归纳每段段意，提供具体信息，旨在帮助学生把握课文要点，学会总结和归纳课文内容, 在完全掌握课文内容和结构的基础上，可以顺利进行下一步的研读。
Step 4 Study-reading
1. Deal with Task 4 in Before class
2. Read the text again, find out the sentences and analyse them.
1) Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other counties.
译：__________________________________________________________________________
从结构上看，这是一个由连词_______连接的____________句。在第一个简单句中，时间状语为____________________________, 主语为________________________, 谓语为__________宾语为___________________________, 其中__________________________为后罝定语，修饰voyages.
2) At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.
译：____________________________________________________________________________
该句中spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150作________语，修饰中心词___________, 另一处做该成分的短语是_______________.be different from 意思是_______.
3) Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.
译： _______________________________________________________________________
从结构上看，该句是_________ 句，含有________个从句，分别是由because 引导的________从句和由who 引导的_________. less like German意思是________________________.
4）Find out a sentence in the text which has a similar meaning with the following one.
In fact all languages change and develop when cultures mix with each other.
_________________________________________________________________________
5) Translate the sentence:
Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.
___________________________________________________________________________
【设计意图】通过研读，让学生学会分析相关的长难句，彻底扫清所有的语言障碍，完成相关的知识目标，同时也是为下一步的读后任务做好必要的语言知识积累和语言障碍清除。
Step 5 Post-reading
1. Retell: Fill in the blanks according to the text.
At first, nearly all the people speaking English lived in England. Later in the 17th century, people form England made ________ to conquer other parts of the world and _____ and that, more people began to speak English.
English has changed much over time. Old English was _______ more on German. Then English was changed _______. The people who ruled English enriched the _______ . Later some British__________ moved to America. By the 19th century, two English dictionaries were written by Samuel Johnson and Nash Webster. The dictionary written by the _______ gave a separate __________ to American English spelling. Now English is spoken in many countries as a foreign or second language, ________ Singapore and India. And many people in India can speak ________English.
2. Discussion:
Divide the students into two big groups. Complete the following task.
Group 1-6 Why do you think people all over the world want to learn English?
Group 7-12 Why do you think more people in the world now want to learn Chinese?
【设计意图】根据文章填空旨在让学生熟悉文章，加深对故事内容的理解，练习口头表达能力；在学生理解了文章的主旨大意，把握了文章的相关细节信息，并进行了深入理解后，再对信息进行再整合，根据自己对文章的理解概括全文的主要内容。而通过discussion给学生提出了两个开放性的问题，给学生提供了一个开放讨论的空间，更是进一步加深了学生对文章主旨的深入体会，既实现了有语言输入到语言输出的跨越，又让学生在角色扮演中深刻了解学好英语的重要性；从而实现了本节课的情感态度目标。
After class（课后巩固提高、预习准备）
1. Write a composition about your ideas of the reasons why more and more people want to learn English, and exchange your idea with your classmates or send your article to an English newspaper or a website.
2. Read the reading passage carefully and try to find the new grammatical structure in it.
【设计意图】课后的分角色扮演属于任务拓展的较高层次，可以进一步训练学生运用本节课掌握的语言知识和相关信息发表自己看法、实现语言输出、解决实际问题的能力，找出新的语法现象是预习作业，旨在为下节语法课做好准备。
教学反思
本节课的设计最大的特点是充分考虑了高一学生既无丰富的语言知识积累，又无掌握熟练地阅读技能的特点，从训练高一学生循序渐进的掌握有效的阅读策略，使用恰当的阅读技能入手，同时为激发学生的探究欲望和阅读兴趣设置了由浅入深，层层推进的任务型阅读的教学模式。
同时为适应当前素质教育的深入推进的要求和出于对英语课堂教学和英语学习大面积提升和促进的要求，为鼓励学生主动学习，积极学习，我们采取了课前课中课后的阅读课教学模式，课前自主学习，合作探究；课上交流展示、研讨提升；课后巩固提高、预习准备，我们希望通过这样的课堂设计过程，通过老师所创设的这样一个教学流程和情境，让学生通过自己的探索、研究，解决问题、获取知识。从而真正达到学生自主学习、合作学习、探究学习、积极学习的目的。
另一个特点是教学环节的设计层次分明，衔接流畅自然。整个的教学活动清楚地划分成读前、读中、读后3各阶段，并且，每个阶段的设计思路明确，读前活动体现背景知识的激活和语言准备，读中活动突出阅读技能、阅读策略的训练，读后活动指向语言的应用和话题的拓展。整个环节的设计由浅入深，由表及里，层层深入，步步为营，使阅读活动从整体到部分最后回到整体，理解的层次也由读懂到读深最终到读透。
参考答案
Before class
Task2 eg: elevator/ lift rubber/ eraser petrol/ gas
Task 3 eg: Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Singapore, USAIn classStep 1 Check-up and lead in
A. identity B. petrol C. gradually D. actually E. the latter F. frequently G. voyageH. fluentStep 2 Fast reading FTFFTT
Step 3 Careful reading 1)BAD 2) 1. Nearly all of the people speaking English lived in England 2. Between AD 450 and 1150 3. Between about AD800 and 1150 4. In the 1600's
5. British people brought English to Australia 6. From 1750 to 1947
3) para.1 -B para2-A para3-D para4 -E para5- C
Step 4 Study-reading
1) 后来在17世纪英语人开始航海征服了世界其它地区，于是许多别的国家开始说英语了。
And；并列句；Later in the next century；people from England；made; voyages to conquer other parts of the world; to conquer other parts of the world;
2) 起初从公元450到1150年在英格兰人们所说的英语跟今天所说的英语就很不一样。
定语；English; spoken today; 与......不同
3）然后，渐渐的，在约在公元800年到1150年期间，英语不那么像德语了，因为那时的英国的统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。
复合句；两个；原因状语；定语从句；不那么像德语了
4） Actually all language change and develop when culture meet and communicate with each other.
5) 如今，说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。
Step 5 Post-reading
1. voyages; because of ; based; gradually; vocabulary; settlers; latter; identity; such as; fluent
After class（略）
Period 2 Learning about language
主备人: 沂南一中 李桂霞 修订人: 刘长玲 审核人: 刘长玲 编制时间：2010.8
【单元导航】
中国式英语
欧洲人做过精细的统计，自1994年以来加入国际英语行列的词汇中，中式英语贡献了5%到20%，超过任何其他来源。
除"孔夫子(Confucious)"、"中国功夫(kung fu)"、"麻将(mahjong)"或者"豆腐(tofu)"之类绝无仅有的称谓，再挑拣几个真正有中国气质、代表华夏气派、并影响全球当代生活的"鸡蛋词"。
(一)丝绸--silk
中国是养蚕大国，丝绸的故乡。"silk"的发音，显然是汉语的音译，这个词代表了中国高超的工艺技术和贸易强势。即便现在，丝绸仍在现代生活中充当雍容华丽、典雅高贵的象征。
(二)茶--tea
这个词，又是英国人从拗口的闽南话里偷走的。茶，和丝绸、瓷器比肩，堪称古代中国对外贸易的拳头产品。目前，品茶代表了一种生活方式和文化品位。 18世纪的柴斯特顿勋爵在《训子家书》里写道："尽管茶来自东方，它毕竟是绅士气味的；而可可则是个痞子、懦夫，一头粗野的猛兽。"
(三)世外桃源--Shangrila (Xanadu)
这是两个近义词，都有"世外桃源"的意思。"Shangrila"出自西藏的传说之地--香格里拉，"Xanadu"则是蒙古的元上都。如果要表达"世外桃源"，通常采用"Xanadu"这个词。
(四)风水--Feng Shui
风水，还是音译。它凝聚了古代中国在活人住宅和死人墓地方面的集体智慧。近年来，风水在美国红极一时，从中国人唇齿之间发出的音节，已经成为当代人急需探究的学问。
(五)走狗--running dogs
中国式英语"running dogs"贴切地表达了一种见利忘义、供人驱使的"下三烂"。最先运用这个词的是中国人，还是英国人，已无从考证；重要的是，英语世界接纳了"走狗"，并以汉语的思维抚育这个"外来词"。接纳词汇的同时，无形中也接受了中国人的价值观。
(六)大款、巨亨--tycoon
这种称呼是近些年才流行街巷的，指有钱、有势的商人或者企业家，中国传统的叫法是"大掌柜"。
内容简析
本节课的内容是人民教育出版社出版的NSE高中教材必修1第二单元的Learning about language部分。本单元的中心话题是"世界上的英语"，通过对这一话题的探讨加强学生对英语语言的了解，对当代语言特别是英语发展趋势的了解。本单元旨在为学生学习英语打开一扇窗户，使学生了解语言的变化趋势，明确为什么除了英国英语和美国英语，还会有印度英语、加拿大英语等，以后可能还会有中国英语。本节课是单元的语言知识学习课，教师可在充分利用教材资源的基础上，结合学生的实际情况设计教学活动，旨在帮助学生有效地学习语言知识，并能熟练运用所学知识，形成有效地学习方法和解题技巧。同时，通过背诵大量经典例句，为以后的写作积累了素材。
目标聚焦
本单元为高一学生入学初期的学习内容。高中学习较之于初中学习任务重、学习内容多，学生对于紧张而有序的新学期学习还没有很好的适应，因此要通过课内教学，课外辅导使学生尽快适应高中的学习方式，语言学习离不开词汇，于是掌握一些辨析词义和词汇运用的方法很重要，但对于词汇知识的归纳总结能力以及语法的系统掌握需要步步提高。本节课的主要目的就是侧重训练学生对文章的重点词汇、重点句型的理解、辨析和运用，并通过对多个例句的分析，归纳总结词汇、句型的用法，培养学生养成自己分析、归纳总结的习惯，以及理解、识别与掌握间接引语中命令与请求的表达能力。
（一）语言知识目标
1．词汇
base; latter; fluent; command; request; because of; come up; at present; make use of; such as. etc.
2．语法
间接引语中命令与请求的表达法。
（二）语言能力目标
能够记忆课文中涉及的词汇及句型，熟练掌握重点词汇及语法的用法，并能够在理解掌握的基础上熟练运用。
（三）学习策略目标
阶段 形式 手段
①篇章输入 → 课文/单句等
词汇输入/呈现→ ②小组协作单句→ 小组协作，字典等辅助资料
词汇运用 → ① 真实情景，遣词造句 → 真实情景造句
② 连句成篇，交际活动 → 信息交际，影像配音
词汇反馈 → 教师指导，学生互评 → 汇报，词汇测试，写作等
（四）文化意识及情感态度目标
通过对"English around the world" 这一话题的探讨加强学生对英语语言的了解，对当代语言特别是英语发展趋势的了解。本单元旨在为学生学习英语打开一扇窗户，使学生了解语言的变化趋势，明确为什么除了英国英语和美国英语，还会有印度英语、加拿大英语等，以后可能还会有中国英语。
方法运用
本节课将采用新课标所提倡的"任务型教学"途径，侧重于提高学生在语言知识学习中的归纳能力，以及对所掌握语言知识的灵活运用，同时培养学生自我完成任务的能力。
按照高中英语课程标准所倡导的以学生为本的教学理念，采用任务型语言教学途径，促使学生积极运用语言，完成任务；采用词组翻译、句子理解翻译、通过句子辨析词义，在完成练习的过程中达到巩固词组以及语法的用法的目的。
学习流程
Before class (课前自主探究，合作学习)
Task1 Read the text fluently and try to recite the text. In this way the students can master the important words and phrases according to the context. (利用关键词复述课文也是记忆单词的好方法。)
Task 2 Complete this passage with the words from the Warming Up and Reading. （因为独立的词汇枯燥，因此这一部分的设计把课文与要讲解的语言点很好的衔接起来，词文结合，寓词于文，整体感强。）
It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as f___________ as a n___________ English speaker. One reason is that English has a large v_____________. It also has different usage in different English speaking countries. If you use "flat" instead of "___________", people in America will know you have learned British English. If you use the word "_______" instead of "lift" in Britain, people will know you have studied American English.
Task 3 Try to find out the usages of some of the words or expressions referring to the dictionary in groups.
(Firstly, what impresses the Ss most is to do something by themselves. Secondly, referring to the dictionary is a very good habit in English learning.)
In class（课上展示交流，巩固提高）
Step I. Check up Listen to the teacher and complete the sentences as quickly as possible. (此部分由教师或某个学生整句读出来，学生据此写出空缺的单词，目的是锻炼学生的听力及单词熟悉程度。→ 没有听出来的根据句子语境补充并修改。→ 小组核对答案。这一部分作为课上检查，了解学情及学生掌握情况。)
1.Your ____________ decides your success.
2.Your two plans are wonderful，but I enjoy the __________more.
3.To speak English_____________，you'd better make use of every chance to practise.
4. His interest in maths _____________increases.
5. It sounds right but _____________ it's wrong..
6. The public want to know the ____________ of the killer.
7. An____________ of the local government called to see him.
8. He's a shy boy who can't ______________with other people very well.
9. The Titanic sank on its maiden _____________.
10.There are many differences between British and American ______________.
StepⅡ.Grasp the following language points:(方法指导：先把原文句子呈现出来，然后认真浏览知识点的解析，自我探究、归纳总结，小组合作，并完成相应的巩固练习，选出一名代表展示答案，师生核对答案后，背诵★句子) （Co-operation is of great importance in study, so is trying to use what they have learned.)
1. Do you know that there is more than one kind of English？你知道吗，(世界上)有许多英语种类？
品味经典
There are more than 100 people at the party.
有100多人参加聚会。
Peace is much more than the absence of war.
和平不仅仅意味着没有战争。
Her performance was more than good；it was perfect.
她的表演非常好，可以说是完美的。
He more than smiled；he laughed outright.
他岂止是微笑，简直是大笑了。
The consequence was much more than he imagined.
结果远远超过了他的想像。
自我探究
more than＋数词，意为___________，相当于over；其后接名词，意为_____________，表示程度和加强语气；其后接形容词或副词，意为_____________；其后接动词，意为
岂止是，不仅仅；其后接从句，意为比......更。
归纳拓展
(1)more...than...
①more＋＋than...为一个表示比较级的句型，意为"比......"。
The problem is more complicated than we expected.
这个问题比我们预料的要复杂得多。
You've actually given me more help than I need.
你其实没必要给我这么多帮助。
(2)not more than意思是"至多，不超过"，它相当于at (the) most。
He's only a child of not more than 10.
他仅仅是个不到10岁的孩子。
(3)no more(...)than...
no more than后面常接数词，表示数量少，相当于only，意为"仅仅，只有"。
To my surprise，no more than 5 members shared my idea.
令我吃惊的是，只有5个人同意我的观点。
牛刀小试
短语识境
A. more than B .no more than C. not...more than
(1) -Do you need any help，Lucy?
-Yes. This job is ____________I could do myself.
(2) China Daily is __________ a newspaper, it can also help us to improve our English.
(3) When I first began to work，you know，I could earn no more than 50 dollars every month.
(4) I'll not give you more than I can spare.
2. ...people from England made voyages to conquer other parts...英国人航海去征服其他区域......
品味经典
He took a voyage to study plants on that island.
他航海去那个岛上研究植物。
自我探究
voyage，名词，常构成短语make或take a voyage/voyages，on voyage意为_________。
易混辨析
(Knowing the difference is very helpful in learning English. During the study, the teacher is just an assistant.)
voyage，journey，travel，tour，trip
(1) voyage主要指"乘船作水上旅行"，也可指"空中旅行"。
(2) journey应用范围很广，指"有预定地点的陆上、水上或空中的单程长、短途旅行"，一般来说，它着重指"长距离的陆上旅行"。
(3) travel(n.)习惯用复数形式。泛指旅行各地，表示旅行的路途远，时间长。此外，travel还可以作动词用。
(4) tour指"以游览、视察、购物等为目的的旅行"，常含有"最后回到原出发点"的意思。
(5) trip为一般用语，指"任何方式的、从事业务或游览的旅行"，往往着重于"短途旅行"，在口语中，可与journey互换。
牛刀小试
(1)他决定乘飞机去纽约旅行。
He decided to make a___________ to New York by air.
(2)在航行中他晕船了。
He got seasick _________________.
(3)他要周游全球。
He is going to make a round the world ______________.
(4)《马可·波罗游记》是我读过的最有意思的书。
The ___________ of Marco Polo is one of the most interesting books that I have ever read.
(5)因为暴风雪，旅行取消了。
This _____________ was cancelled because of the snowstorm.
3. ...and because of that，English began to be spoken in many other countries.......因为那一点，许多国家开始说英语。
品味经典
He didn't go to school because of his illness.
由于生病他没去上学。
The bus was late because of the heavy snow.
因为大雪公交车晚点了。
He lost the job because he was careless.
因为粗心他失去了这份工作。
自我探究
because of属介词短语，后跟__________；because是连词，后跟__________。
牛刀小试
The open air party has been put off the bad weather.
A. because of B. because
C. instead of D. instead
4. Yes，I'd like to come up to your apartment.好啊，我想去你住的地方。
品味经典
He came up and introduced himself.
他走上前来并作了自我介绍。
The diver came up to the surface to have a deep breath.
潜水员浮到水面深吸了一口气。
The seeds I sowed last week haven't come up yet.
上星期我播下的种子还没有发芽呢。
When did these idioms come up?
这些习语是什么时候开始流行的？
I'll let you know if anything comes up.
如果发生什么事的话，我会让你知道的。
The question hasn't come up yet.
这个问题还没有被提出来。
The price is coming up all the way.
价格一直在上涨。
自我探究
come up，动词短语，无被动语态，意为_______________________________________。
归纳拓展
come out 意为出版，披露； come at 意为袭击，达到； come about 意为发生； come down 意为传递，跌落。 come to 意为总共，达到 come across意为偶遇。
牛刀小试
用适当的介、副词填空
(1)The boy came _____________ us with a stick.
(2)The price of oil is coming _____________ ，making the consumers happy.
(3)I came ______________ some photos when looking through the book.
(4)How did the war come ______________?
(5)When is your new book coming _______________ ?
(6)All the clothes came_______________ $ 1,000.
5. It was based more on German than...当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的，而不是......
品味经典
They based the report on facts.
这篇新闻报道完全是以事实为依据的。
We camped at the base of the mountain.
我们在山脚下安营。
Karl Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work.
卡尔·马克思把伦敦作为他的革命根据地。
自我探究
base，作动词时意为______________，常见结构是base...on/upon...或___________；作名词时，意为__________________。
牛刀小试
(1)这部电影是以鲁迅的小说为蓝本的。
The film _______________ a novel by Lu Xun.
(2)容器的底部有个洞。
There is a hole in the _____________of the container.
(3)那个公司的办事处遍布全世界，但总部在巴黎。
That company has offices all over the world，but their______________ is in Paris.
6. ...the English we speak at present.我们目前所说的英语......
品味经典
We haven't found the thief at present.
目前我们还没抓到这个贼。
自我探究
at present意为_______________。
归纳拓展
present adj. 现在的；目前的 adj. 出席的；在场的 （常作表语或后置定语） n. 礼物 v. 呈送；赠送
the present government 现政府
All the people who were present at the meeting were for the plan.
出席会议的人都赞同这个计划。
All the students present are against his advice.
所有在座的学生都反对他的建议。
All the presents should be presented to each students present at the present time.
这些礼物应当送给目前在场的每一位学生。
牛刀小试
(1) I don't plan to go on holiday _______________(目前).
(2) 大部分到场的科学家表达了他们对当前国家形势的看法。
Most of the scientists _________expressed their ideas about the _________________.
7. Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.莎士比亚所用的词汇量比任何时候都大。
品味经典
You must make good use of every opportunity to practise English.
你必须好好利用每一个机会练习英语。
The Internet resources should be made full use of.
网络资源应当得到充分利用。
自我探究
make use of 意为_________；make good use of意为____________；make full use of意为_____________，其中use是不可数名词。
归纳拓展
make the best of 充分利用，善用...... make the most of 充分利用，尽量利用......
You should make the best/most of this valuable opportunity.
你应该充分利用这宝贵的机会。
牛刀小试
Full use should be the time to practise speaking more English.
A. taken B. made
C. taken of D. made of
8. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.在新加坡，马来西亚和非洲一些国家如南非，人们也说英语。
品味经典
I like those students who are careful with their lessons，such as Mary，Lina.
我喜欢那些学习认真的学生，例如：玛丽，琳娜。
English is spoken in many countries，such as Australia and Canada.
许多国家都讲英语，例如澳大利亚和加拿大。
Metals are such things as iron and steel.
金属是一些像铁、钢一样的东西。
自我探究
such as意为例如，用于列举前面所述情况，有时也可分开用，such后接名词或代词，as后接名词或定语从句修饰such后的成分。
易混辨析
for example，such as
(1)for example 用来举例说明某一论点或情况，一般只列举同类人或物中的"一个"为例，作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。
Ball games，for example，have spread around the world.
例如，球类运动已经在世界各地传播开了。
(2)such as 用来列举事物时，一般列举同类人和事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as后面不用逗号。
(3)使用such as短语时，后面列举的事物的数量不能等于它前面所提到的总和，一旦相等就要用that is 或namely。
I have three good friends，such as John，Jack and Tom.(错)
I have three good friends；that is，John，Jack and Tom.
我有三个好朋友，即约翰、杰克和汤姆。
牛刀小试
用that is，such as，for example填空
(1)He knows three languages，__________，Chinese，French and English.
(2)What would you do if you met a wild animal-a lion，______________?
(3)The farmer grows various kinds of crops，_________ wheat，corn，cotton and rice.
(4)Matter may be invisible；air，______________，is this kind of the matter.
9. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.目前在中国，学习英语的人数在迅速增长。
India has a very large number of fluent English speakers...印度拥有众多讲英语很流利的人。
品味经典
A number of cars are in the street.大街上有许多车。
The number of cars in our company is increasing.我们公司的轿车数在增长。
自我探究
the number of意为____________，作主语时谓语用________；a number of意为______，作主语时，谓语用___________，该短语也可换为numbers of，number可被large、small、great、good来修饰。
牛刀小试
I know of your classmates are studying French；what's of them?
A. the number；a number B. a number；the number
C. a number；a number D. the number；the number
stepⅢ 巩固提高
1 Add these phrase to the rhyme so that it make sense.
such as make use of because of come up at present
"Will you _____________ to my flat?" asked the spider to the fly. "____________ it is so pleasant to look down from so high. ____________ the clear sky it is possible to see buildings _____________theatres and hotels by the sea. So won't you please _____________this chance to look?" The fly agreed immediately without a second thought. But as soon as she went up with a step so light that day, the spider caught and ate her and she was never seen again.
2. 运用本课所学词汇写一篇文章。(The highest level of learning words is to say sth. or write sth.)
由于英语的重要性以及其广泛应用，学好英语也越来越有必要了。那么如何学好英语并说一口流利的英语呢？首先，建立一定的词汇量，语言的听说读写都是以词汇为基础的。
其次，学习贵在坚持，充分利用好每一分可以学习的时间。此外，多读一些英文读物或报纸，目前，有大量的英文读物可以选择，例如21世纪报、书虫系列读物等。很有用的一个方法就是多与他人尤其是外国人交流，他们会提出一些好的学习建议。如此一来，渐渐的你的英语水平会有很大的提高。
Step Ⅳ Discovering useful structures
学习流程
Before class (课前自主学习，合作探究)
Translate dialects on the left column into Standard English.(猜一猜)DialectStandard English
Hey, y'all!
We ain't really a state
But a whole' nother conutry
Tell ya a story' bout
We are feelin' good
This is a fish' bout 2 meters long
Well, alright
You shoulda seen him
He got outta the water
In class（课上交流展示、研讨提升）
Step 1 Check-up and lead in（展示预习成果和导入新课）
Get two members of different groups to check up their prevision tasks.
Step 2 Listening
1. Before Listening Look at the picture on page 14 and discuss the following questions before you listen to the tape, which may be of some help to your listening.
(1) What are the three boys doing in the picture?
(2) Are they all very happy in the river?
(3) What is happening to the boy who is escaping from the water?
2. The First Listening Listen to the tape and find out the main idea of the listening material.
Main idea: a story about when Buford
3. The Second Listening Listen to the tape again and tell whether the following sentences True or False according to what you have heard.
(1) Buford lives in San Francisco, a city in Texas. ( )
(2) Buford's teacher is Big Billy Bob. ( )
(3) Buford believes Texas is a state in the USA. ( )
(4) Lester thought the catfish was going to eat him and then he got out of the water faster than lightning. ( )
(5) Since Lester has known that the catfish won't eat people, he dares to swim in the river again. ( )
4. Listen again to understand the passage better.
Step 3 Writing
Write a poster concerned about why we should learn English.
I. 写作指导：
海报属于应用文。它通常向目标读者传达对某事物的观点看法以便使对方接受自己的想法、主张，因此要写得简明扼要，目的明确，理由充足，具有合理性和说服力。
明确要求：
1. 格式要正确。在高考中，书信的格式一般都会给出，不作为考查的内容，但同学们仍然要掌握其基本格式。
2. 语气和用词要得体。语言和措辞要考虑读者的特点。
3. 结构要合理。要合理安排所有的内容，使文章有条有理、符合逻辑。
结构和内容：
海报一般包括以下内容：首先题目，陈述自己观点，其次，提供支持的论据，最后是结论。
精选阅读
高一英语教案：《English around the world》教案四
高一英语教案：《English around the world》教案四
Reading: The Road to Modem English
Words and Expressions
Learning Aims:
1.学生通过听写所学单词，深化记忆；
2.学生通过感悟总结归纳，掌握重点词汇和词组的用法。
Important Points
because of, come up, at present, be based on, make use of, latter, such as,
Difficult Points
more than, come up, be based on, latter, such as
Teaching Method
“读一悟一写模式
Learning Procedures学习过程
Stcp1.Revision Notes
Words Dictation
1.__________2._________3. _________
4. __________5. _________6. _________
StepⅡ. Leading-in
We have known the development of modern English. Today, let's study some useful and important language points.
StepⅢ. Language Points
1. Later in the next century, people from England made voyage to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English begun to be spoken in many other countries.
【知识点1】because of(WB Page29) Yes【】
辨析because与because of的用法
He was late because of the heavy rain.
He was late because it rained.
He walked slowly because of his bad leg.
I didn't go to the party because hadn't finished my homework.
归纳：1)because of是连词短语，后接____________________
2)because是连词，后接_____________________。
即学即练：用because 或 because of填空
1)We sent him to hospital immediately(立刻，马上)he was badly hurt.
2)He had to delaying(推迟)going w Beijing his illness.
2. I'd like to come up to your apartment.
【知识点2】come up为不及物动词短语，意为“走近，上前，(太阳、月亮等)升起，被提及”。
1) She carne up and said, “Glad to meet you.”
I came up to Beijing in2008.
The policeman cane up to us and asked me what had happened.
意为“___________________”
2) The sun has come up.
意为“__________________________”
3) Many problems have come up at the meeting.
意为“___________________________”
辨析1)The idea came up in their conversation.
2) The subject came up during the dinner.
3) I hope a better plan can come up at the meeting.
come up表示“”，不及物，无被语态，主语为物，如plan，suggestion, idea等。
1) They came up with the idea in their conversation.
2) I hope you can come up with a better plan than this.
come up with表示“_________”，及物动词词组，主语为人。
即学即练：
(1)用come up或come up with的适当形式填空。
a. A difficult question the meeting last night.
b. When the question was under discussion, Tom__________ an idea that the prices of cars should be reduced.
(2)单句改错
A better idea has been come up in our class.
_____________________________________________________________________
拓展固定搭配
Yes【】
No【】
come back 回来come out出来，出版
come from来自come across 偶然遇见
即学即练：用come back, come out，come from和come across填空。
(1)Amy is my friend and she America.
(2)His first book in 1997 and was a great success.
(3)It was based more on German than the English we speak at present
【知识点3】base
1)We camped(安营扎寨)at the base of the mountain.
Chinese is the base of all other subjects.
base在这里是_________词，意为“______________”
2) He based the book on his own life.
This sung is based on an old folk tune(民歌曲调).
base在这里是___________词，意为“_____________”，常用于词组____________。
即学即练：语法填空
(1)My decision ______________on a series of facts.
(2)That company has offices all over the world, but the is in London.
【知识点4】at present
1) The old man is all right at present.
At present意为“___________________”
2) I fell good at present.
拓展present
1) Every body was present.
The present situation in African countries is terrible, so you'd better bot go there.
present是词________，意为“_________”
2) She thanked me for the present.
This is your present. Happy birthday!
preset是词______________，意为“_____________”
3) This is what I present you in the article.
He presented some pictures to me.
preset是词_____________，意为“_________________”
即学即练：根据汉语意思完成句子。
(1)客人都到齐了。The guests are all____________________.
(2)那是件来自汤姆的礼物。It was the wedding___________ from Tom.
(3)我现在不需要这本字典。I don't need the dictionary_________________.
4. So by the 1600's Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.
【知识点5】make use of
Teachers should teach students to make use of referee book.
意为“_______________”
They began to consider(考虑)how to make use of these book.
拓展固定搭配
make good use of 好好利用make full use of 充分利用
make the best of/make the most of 充分利用
即学即练：根据汉语提示完成句子。
(1)We should(充分利用)every minutes o study all the subjects.
(2)It is very important for you w(好好利用)your time now.
Step V. Practice
1.用所给短语正确形式完成下列句子。
come up, because of, be based on, make use of, at present
1) He realized that she was crying_______________ wt he had said.
2) While we were talking ,the young man__________ a better idea.
3) We should train(训练)them to _______________ reference book.
4) No one can help us with our work____________________.
5) This song ____________an old love story.
2.根据汉语提示写出单词或词组。
As we all know, English is widely used all over the world. It is the official language of many countries __________(比如说)USA, British, an, etc.________(由于)voyages of England in the 17"century,LEnglishbegan to be spoken in many countries. English has changed over time from AD 450 to 1150 when cultures meet and communicate each other. Then, Shakespeare was able to_________(使用)a wider vocabulary than before. In the 19 century two big changes in English spelling happened._______(现在),a number of people learn English in China.______(实际上)，China may have the largest number of English learners. I’m sure that you can become fluent English speakers if you can work hard.
StepⅥ. Homework
Review what we have learned today.
English the practice paper.
Preview the reading text of page 1.3.
高一英语教案：《English around the world》教案六
高一英语教案：《English around the world》教案六
Learning objectives:
Knowledge aims: 1.To learn the new words and expressions:
standardplay a partrecognize believe it or not
2. To know about standard English and dialects.
Ability aims: 1. To develop the students’ reading skills.
2. To understand more English dialects.
Emotional aims:
Try to use standard English and Chinese Putonghua in their daily life
Learn Procedures
Step1. Lead—in
1) Enjoy a song whose language is written in Chinese dialects.
2) Learn more about Chinese dialects according to a map.
3) Students volunteer to speak or sing a song in certain Chinese dialects.
Step2. Preview
Guide students to read and recite important words and expressions.
1. standard adj. 标准的
2. dialect n. 方言
3. expression n. 词语；表示；表达
4. African adj. 非洲的；非洲人的；非洲语言的
5. Spanish adj. 西班牙的；西班牙人的；西班牙语的；
6. recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认
7. accent n. 口音；腔调；
1. believe it or not 信不信由你
2. from all over the world来自世界各地
3. play a part (in) 扮演一个角色；参与
4. from one place to another从一个地方到另一个地方
5. There is no such thing as没有像…样的
Step3. Fast reading
Read the passage and find out the topic sentence of each paragraph.
Para1._______________________________________________
Para2._______________________________________________
Para3________________________________________________
Step4. Intensive reading
Ⅰ.To finish (T) or (F) questions on page 25 in the reference book.
1).There is no standard English in the writer’s opinion. ( )
2).The English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English.()
3).American English has many dialects but in the same town people say the same dialect.( )
Ⅱ. Finish multiple choices on page 25 in the reference book.
1.Why do many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English?
A. Because the English spoken on TV and the radio is the same.
B. Because the English spoken on TV and the radio is expected excellent.
C. Because the government tells them what standard English is.
D. Because they can’t speak English well by themselves.
2.Which of the statements about dialects is TRUE?
A. No words and expressions spoken on TV are dialects.
B. In Britain there are more dialects than in the USA.
C. Dialects are widely used in the USA.
D. Dialects are better than standard English.
3. What’s the main idea of the third paragraph?
A. Geography plays a part in making dialects.
B. Some people live in the mountains.
C. The people who live in different areas can understand each other.
D. Americans like moving from one place to another.
4. As many Americans move all over the country，they__________.
A. change their dialects
B. take their dialects with them
C. don’t speak their dialects
D. can’t understand each other’s dialects
Step5. Language points
1.(教材P13)Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English.
信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。
常用作插入语，也叫独立成分：
believe it or not信不信由你 to tell (you) the truth(跟你)说实话
to be exact准确地说 generally speaking一般说来
judging from/by根据……判断
eg, Judging from his accent，he must be from the North.
从他的口音判断，他一定是北方人。
2.(教材P13)Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English.
信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。
There are many such books in the library. 图书馆里有很多这样的书。
there is no such...(as...)是固定句式，表示“没有(像……)这样的……”。句中“no such＋单数名词”意为“没有这样的……”
世上没有免费的午餐。There’s no such thing as a free lunch.
3.(教材P13)Geography also plays a part in making dialects.
地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。
Who played the role of a shoemaker in Just Call Me Nobody? 谁在《大笑江湖》中扮演小鞋匠这一角色？
play a part in= play a role in
他在完成整个计划中起着重要的作用。
He carrying out the whole plan.
Step6. Mini composition
Brainstorm on the following topic and then make a poster(海报).
Then ask some students to present their poster after discussing with their group members.
Finally, to appreciate a good composition-------Why should we learn English?
Why should we learn English？The reasons are as follows.
To start with, English is recognized as an official language in many countries. Second, a large number of Chinese people are setting up business in foreign countries. Finally, China is developing so fast that more and more students want to study and travel abroad.
All in all, English plays an important part in communication , it is high time that we should learn English well.
Step7.Practice
Try to imitate a short passage using the points that you have listed.
教学反思：
高一英语教案：《English around the world》教案五
高一英语教案：《English around the world》教案五
1.Listen for the first time
T: Next, let’s enjoy one of the most representative dialects in America--- Southern dialect. (Just listen to the boy’s talking in Listening part on P14)
T: Can you understand what the boy is talking about? What do you think of its pronunciation and intonation?
S: It’s difficult. /The way of speaking sounds strange------
T: It doesn’t matter. It’s really difficult for non-native speakers to understand the English dialects. Luckily, we have another speaker who interprets the dialect into simple and standard English. So please listen to it and grasp the general idea. And answer one question: Who is the second speaker?
S: She is the boy’s teacher Jane.
T: Very good.
2.Listen again and answer the six questions
T: Ok, now please listen to what the boy is talking about and try to find the answers to the following questions.
(Students may be allowed to look at the script of dialect on P14; they should lay more emphasis on the Jane’s talking)
T: Could you find the answers to the six questions?
Ss: Yes.
T: Good. What does Buford think of Texas? How do you know it?
_________________________________________________________________
T: How large was the catfish?
_________________________________________________________________
T: Why did Lester get out of the water fast as lightning?
_________________________________________________________________
T: Why did Buford and Big Billy Bob laugh?
_________________________________________________________________
T: Can you answer Question 5?
_________________________________________________________________
T: Well done! Buford says “Hey, y’all” to greet you. What does the second speaker say to greet you?
_________________________________________________________________
3. Listen for the third time, identify the words in dialect and find out their standard English equivalents.
T: You’ve done a good job. I’m sure you have understood the main idea of the story. It contains a lot of words in dialect. Please turn to page 14, listen again and please try to identify them and find out their standard English equivalents according to the third listening and your understanding. Then finish the table.
(Play the tape for the third time with the help of the scrip of the boy’ talking on p14)
Words in dialect Standard English
y’all
ain’t
whole’nother
ya
story’bout
swimmin’
jumpin’
feelin’
catfish’bout
Alright
thinkin’
goin’
sure’nough
Shoulda
Outta
LISTENING TEXT
Hello, everyone, I am Buford’s teacher, Jane, from Britain. Perhaps you didn’t quite understand everything Buford said. He said that he lives in Houston, a city in Texas. He wants everyone to know that he doesn’t believe Texas is a state in the USA but a different country. Buford says that he would like to tell you a story about him when was a small child . One hot summer’s day he was swimming with Big Billy Bob and Lester. They were jumping into the water, which felt good. Then he says that they saw a catfish almost the size of a house but, he adds, that the catfish was really smaller. Buford says that Lester thought he was going to be eaten by the catfish. He says, goodness, you should have seen Lester! He says that Lester got out of the water faster than lighting and climbed up a tree. Buford and Big Billy Bob just laughed a lot. To this day, he says, Lester won’t visit that place.
高一英语教案：《Unit 2 English around the world》教学设计（一）
高一英语教案：《Unit 2 English around the world》教学设计（一）
一． 学习目标和要求
1. 掌握以下单词和习惯用语
1)单词
Nancy; bathroom; towel; landlady; closet; Karen; pronounce; Thompson; broad; repeat; Dave; ketchup; majority; native; total; tongue; equal; government; situation; Pakistan; Nigeria; the Philippines; international; organization; trade; tourism ;global; communicate; communication; exchange; service; signal; movement; peg; commander; tidy; stand independent; fall; expression; tornado; Spanish; southern; statement; president; European; Florida; howl; cookbook
2）习惯用语
make yourself at home; forget to do sth; in total
2. 功能意念项目
了解并掌握美式英语和英式英语的区别。
3. 语法
1) 学习直接引语和间接引语（2）。
2) 学习ask/tell sb. to do sth结构。
4．语言运用
运用所学语言，围绕英语学习这一话题，完成教材和练习册中的听、说、写的各项任务；阅读课文 “English around the world”并联系生活中的实际进行书写练习。二．学习指导
1．单词和习惯用语的用法
1)flight n.[C]飞行；航班
Did you have a good flight?
你乘飞机一路愉快吗？
They made a successful flight across the ocean.
他们成功地飞越了这个大洋。
a non-stop flight不着陆飞行
a round-the–world flight环球飞行
2) directly adv. 直接地；一直地；直截了当地
He looked directly at us.
他直瞪瞪地看我们。
He speaks very directly to people.
他跟人们讲话很直率。
3) majority n.[C]（大）多数
The Liberal Party has a majority in the House.
自由党在议院中占多数。
The company holds a majority of the stock.
该公司拥有大多数股份。
The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio.
大多数人似乎都喜欢看电视，而不喜欢听收音机。
4) native adj.本国的；本土的；n.[C]本国人；本地人；土著人
（1） adj.本国的；本土的
native customs 当地风俗
His native language is German.
他的母语是德语。
Potato is native to America.
马铃薯是美洲产的。
Many foreigners have gone native in China.
许多外国人在中国已入乡随俗。
（2） n.[C]本国人；本地人；土著人
a native of London(Wales/India/Kenya)
伦敦人（威尔士人/印度人/肯尼亚人）
5）equal adj. 相等的；同等的；平等的
Women demand equal pay for equal work.
妇女要求同工同酬。
Not all men are equal in ability.
不是所有的人都有同样的能力。
One kilometer is equal to five eighths of a mile.
一公里等于八分之五英里。
n.[C]相等的事物；（地位）相同的人
As an artist, she knows no equal.
作为艺术家，她是无以伦比的。
Let A be the equal of B.
设 A 等于 B 。
6) situation n.[U]位置，地点；地位；地势；
Measures must be taken to meet the situation.
必须采取措施以应付这种局面。
The country is in a critical situation.
国家处于紧急状态。
a dangerous situation difficult situation
困难的处境 危险的处境
economic situation sb’s financial situation
经济状况 某人的经济状况
the geographical situation a good situation
地理位置 好的形势
the international situation the domestic situation
国际形势 国内形势
7) international adj.国际的；世界的
They signed an international agreement on nuclear waste.
他们签定了关于核废料的国际协议。
International bomber international date line
洲际轰炸机 日界线
international law international call
国际公法 国际长途
international conventions
国际惯例
8) organization [C]组织，团体；机构；机制
He had been engaged in the organization of a strike.
他一直从事组织罢工工作
build up /establish/form an organization
建立起一个团体
a charity organization a commercial organization
慈善机构 商业团体
an international organization a religious organization
国际组织 宗教组织
a social organization a woman organization
社会团体 妇女组织
9) tourism n.[U]游览；观光；观光事业
Some countries obtain large sums of foreign exchange from tourism.
有些国家靠观光事业赚取大量外汇。
10) communicate vi. 交流；传递；传送
communication n. [U] 交流；传递
Deaf people communicate by sign language.
聋人用手势交流 。
The two friends haven’t communicated with each other for years.
这两个朋友已经多年没有联系了。
communicate clearly communicate directly
清楚地表达 直接交流
communicate officially (unofficially)
正式[非正式]地交流；官方[非官方]地交流
11) knowledge n. [C]知识；学识
We must broaden and enrich our knowledge.
我们必须扩展和丰富我们的知识。
He has a wide knowledge of history.
他具有丰富的历史知识。
absorb knowledge acquire knowledge
吸取知识 获得知识
accumulate knowledge demand knowledge
积累知识 需要知识
spread knowledge actual knowledge
传播知识 实际知识
all branches of knowledge background knowledge
各门学问 背景知识
common knowledge an elementary knowledge
常识 基础知识
extensive knowledge general knowledge
广阔的知识 一般知识
12）make yourself at home
请不要拘束，随便一些
13）forget to do sth.表示忘记要做某事
I forgot to tell her about it.
我忘记告诉他这事了 。
He forgot to buy a newspaper.
他忘了买报纸了。
forget doing sth. 忘记曾做过某事
I forgot telling her about it .
我忘记了曾把这事告诉过他。
14）in total 总共；总计
How many people took part in the activity in total ?
15) mother tongue 母语
What is your mother tongue?
Chinese is my mother tongue.
你的母语是什么？是汉语
2.语言要点
1）You must be very tired.
表示肯定推测一定正在做某事
must +be doing sth. 一定正在做某事
He must be writing a letter to his parents.
She must be waiting for him.
He must be telling lies.
Must have done sth. 对过去的事情的肯定推测
It must have rained last night.
You must have seen this play before.
注意：反义疑问句的形式
It must have rained last night, didn’t it?
He must have finished his experiment, haven’t he?
虽然Must 表示肯定推测，但mustn’t 却一定不能表推测。表示不可能的时候我们采用 can’t。
2)In China students learn English at school as a foreign language, except for those in Hong Kong.
除了香港以外，中国学生都把英语当成一门外语学习。
except for结构：表示对一个人或事物先做一个总体评价，然后就其局部提出一点看法，意为“除去……一点以外”，“只是……”
Your composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
你的作文很好除了有一点拼写错误以外。
The carpet is good except for its price.
地毯很好，只是价钱太高。
Except for John, the whole class passed the test.
除了约翰以外，全班考试都通过了。
3) With so many people communicating in English every day,we can see that it will be more and important to have a good knowledge of English.
with +宾语+形容词/副词
He slept with the window open.
他开着窗户睡觉
He was working there with only a shirt on .
他只穿一件衬衫在那干活。
with+宾语+介词短语
The teacher came into the classroom with a book In his hand.
老师手里拿着书走进了教室。
with+宾语+doing
With night coming on, we started for home .夜幕降临我们就动身回家了.
The meeting ended with all singing the International.会议以全体高唱国际歌结束。
with+宾语+done
He went away without a word more spoken. 他没再说一句话就走了。
He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.他站了一会，手依然举着。
With+宾语 +to do
With nothing to do, I went out for a walk.由于没有什么事可做，我便到外面去散步。
With machinery to do all the work, they will soon have got in the crops.
由于所有的工作都由机器进行，他们将很快收完庄稼。
学习直接引语和间接引语：
(1)祈使句：直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，在原祈使句前加 to 或否定的加 not to 。
人称的变化
he said , “i like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它”
he said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。
he said to me , “i’ve left my book in your room.”
他对我说：“我把书放在你的间了”
he told me that he had left his book in my room.他告诉我他把书放在我的房间了。
时态的变化：
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时。直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。
代词用法复习：
种类：人称代词 、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词
用法：物主代词
形容词性物主代词有：
my your his her its our your their 一般作定语。
名词性物主代词有：
mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs一般作主语宾语和表语。
