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高中英语复习教案

发表时间:2021-05-02

初中英语(新课标版)中考总复习冲刺材料1。

作为老师的任务写教案课件是少不了的,大家在认真写教案课件了。各行各业都在开始准备新的教案课件工作计划了,我们的工作会变得更加顺利!你们知道哪些教案课件的范文呢?为此,小编从网络上为大家精心整理了《初中英语(新课标版)中考总复习冲刺材料1》,供大家参考,希望能帮助到有需要的朋友。

初中英语新课标版中考复习知识总结重点提要专题整合课题专练名师讲解

声明:本复习材料适用于初三中考学生,知识点全面,内含中考试题和分析讲解,1个月即可速成,普遍提升英语成绩可达30分以上,熟练掌握者,完全可以攻破中考英语关!

特别声明:版权所有,翻版必究!!!

鸣谢:本资源部分参考至互联网和其他书籍材料,特此提出感谢!

1(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listento、lookat(感官动词)+doeg:Ilikewatchingmonkeysjump

2(比较级and比较级)表示越来越怎么样

3apieceofcake=easy小菜一碟(容易)

4agreewithsb赞成某人

5allkindsof各种各样akindof一样

6allovertheworld=thewholeworld整个世界

7alongwith同……一道,伴随……eg:Iwillgoalongwithyou我将和你一起去

thestudentsplantedtreesalongwiththeirteachers学生同老师们一起种树

8Assoonas一怎么样就怎么样

9asyoucansee你是知道的

10askfor……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西)eg:askyouformybook

11asksbforsth向某人什么

12asksbtodosth询问某人某事asksbnottodo叫某人不要做某事

13attheageof在……岁时eg:IamsixteenIamattheageofsixteen

14atthebeginningof…………的起初;……的开始

15attheendof+地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾eg:Attheendoftheday

16atthistimeofyear在每年的这个时候

17be/feelconfidentofsth/thatclause+从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信

eg:Iam/feelconfidentofmyspokenEnglishIfeelthatIcanpassthetest

18be+doing表:1现在进行时2将来时

19beableto(+v原)=can(+v原)能够……eg:SheisabletosingShecansing

20beabletodosth能够干什么eg:sheisabletosing

21beafraidtodo(ofsth恐惧,害怕……eg:ImafraedtogooutatnightImafraidofdog

22beallowedtodo被允许做什么

eg:ImallowedtowatchTV我被允许看电视IshouldbeallowedtowatchTV我应该被允许看电视

23beangrywithsb生某人的气eg:Dontbeangrywithme

24beangrywith(at)sbfordoingsth为什么而生某人的气

25beas…原级…as和什么一样eg:Sheisastallasme她和我一样高

26beashamedto

27beawayfrom远离

28beawayfrom从……离开

29bebadfor对什么有害eg:Readingbooksinthesunisbadforyoureyes在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好

30beborn出生于

31bebusydoingsth忙于做什么事bebusywithsth忙于……

32becareful当心;小心

33bedifferentfrom……和什么不一样

34befamousfor以……著名

35befriendlytosb对某人友好

36befrom=comefrom来自eg:HeisfromBejingHecomesfromBejingIshefromBejing?DoeshecomefromBejing?

37befullof装满……的befilledwith充满eg:theglassisfullofwatertheglassisfilledwithwater

38beglad+to+do/从句

39begoingto+v(原)将来时

40begoodat(+doing)=dowellin在某方面善长,善于……

41begoodfor对什么有好处eg:ReadingaloudisgoodforyourEnglish

42behappytodo很高兴做某事

43behelpfultosb对某人有好处

eg:Readingaloudishelpfultoyou大声朗读对你有好处

Exercisingishelpfultoyourbady锻炼对你的身体有好处

44beingoodhealth身体健康

45beintrouble处于困难中eg:SheisintroubleTheyareintronble

46beinterestedin对某方面感兴趣

47belatefor=comelateto迟到eg:Belateforclass上课迟到

48belike像……eg:Imlikemymother

49bemadat生某人的气

50bemadefrom由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)

51bemadeof由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)

52benotsure表不确定

53beonavisitto参观

54bepopularwithsb受某人欢迎

55bequiet安静56beshortfor表**的缩写eg:陶isshortfor陶俊杰

57besickinbed生病在床

58besorrytodosthbesorryforsbeg:Iamsorryforyou

59besorrytohearthat

60besorrytotroublesbeg:Iamsorrytotroubleyou

61bestrictindoingsth严于做某事eg:Hesstrictinobeyingnoles

62bestrictwithsb对某人要求严格eg:Somestudentsarenotstrictwiththemselves这些学生对自己不严格

63bestrictwithsbinsth某方面对某人严格

64besupposedtodo被要求干什么

65besure表确定

66besureofdoingsth对做某事有信心eg:HeissureofwinningIamsureoflearningEnglishwell

67besureofsth对做某事有信心eg:Imsureofmyhead(myteacher我相信我的大脑(老师)

68besurethatsth对做某事有信心eg:Imsuerthathecanpassthetest我相信他能通过考试

69besuretodosth一定会做某事eg:Wearesuretopassthetest我们一定会通过这次考试WearesuretolearnEnglishwell我们一定能学好英语

70beterrifiedof+名/动doing害怕……

71beterrifiedtodosth害怕做某事

72bethesameas…和什么一样

73beusedtodoingsth习惯做某事

eg:Myfatherisusedtogettingupearly我爸爸习惯早Heisusedtosleepinginclass他习惯上课睡觉

74beworthdoing值得做什么

75be(feel)afraidtodosth害怕做某事beafraidofsth害怕某物beafraidthat丛句

76because+句子becauseof+短语

eg:HewaslatebecausehehadaheadacheHewaslatebecauseofhisheadache

77begintodo=starttodo开始做某事start…with…=begin…with…以什么开始什么

eg:LetsbeginthegamewiththesongIbegintogohome

78between…and…两者之间

79borrowsthfromsb向……借……lendsthtosb(lendsbsth借给……什么东西

eg:Iborrowedapenfromhimhelentapentome(helentmeapen

80both=thesame(as)=notdifferent(from)表相同

81bother打扰bothersbtodosth

eg:Imsorrytobotheryou,butcanyoutellmetowaytothestation

我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站

theproblemhasbeenbotheringmeforweeks这个问题困扰了我几个周了

Hesbotheringmetolendhimmoney

82bytheendof到……为止

83callsbstheg:Wecallhimoldwang

84care关心eg:Dontyoucareaboutthiscountrysfuture?你为什么不关心国家的未来

85catchupwithsb赶上某人

86chatwithsb和某人闲谈takesbto+地点带某人去某地

87comein进

88comeoverto过来

89comeupwith提出eg:Canyoucomeupwithagoodidea你能想出一个好办法吗?

90communicatewithsb和某人交流

91consider+doing考虑做什么eg:Whynotconsidergoingtoluzhou为什么不考虑去泸州?

92danceto随着……跳舞eg:Shelikesdancingtothemusic她喜欢随着音乐跳舞

93decidetodosth决定做某事

94doasurveyof做某方面的调查

95dobetterin在……方面做得更好

96dowrong做错

97Dontforgettodosth不要忘了做某事

98Dontmind+doing/从句/名词不要介意……

99each+名(单)每一个…eg:Eachstudenthasmanybooks每一个学生都有一些书100endup+doing

101enjoy+doing喜欢

102escapefrom从……逃跑eg:Theprisonershaveescapedfromtheprison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来

103expecttodosth期待做某事

104falldown摔下来falloff从哪摔下来

105fallinlovewithsb/sth爱上什么

106farfrom离某地远eg:Theschoolisfarfrommyhome

107find+it+adj+todo发现做某事怎么样

108findsb/sth+adj发现什么怎么样eg:Ifindthebookinteresting

109finish完成+doing(名词)

110fittosb=befitforsb适合某人

111forgettodo没有做而忘了forgetdoing做了而又忘了eg:DontforgettogohomeIforgetclosingdoor

112from…to…从某某到某某eg:Frommeforher

113get/havesthdown做完,被(别人)做…eg:Ihavemyhaircut我理了发(头发被剪了)

Tomgothisbadtoothpulledout汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了(被牙医拔掉了)

114getapart-timejob=findapart-timejob

115getalongwellwithsb=getonwellwithsb与某人相处得好

116getalongwithsb=getonwithsb与某人相处

117getreadyfor=bereadyfor为什么而准备eg:IgetreadyformathIamreadyformath118getsbintotrouble给某人麻

119getsbtodosth

120get…from…从某处得到某物

121giveatalk做报告eg:Heisgiveatall

122givesthtosbgivesbsth给某人某物

123gofish钓鱼goswimming游泳

124goontodo去做下一件事goondoing继续做这件事

125gooutawayfromgooutof

126gotoschool上学(用于专业的)gototheschool去学校(不一定是上学)

127goodwayto好方法

128hatetodo讨厌没做过的事hatedoing讨厌做过的事

129haveapartyforsb举办谁的晚会

130haveatalk听报告谈一谈

131havebeendoing现在完成进行时eg:YouhavebeentalkingYouhavebeensleepingsince

132havebeento…(地方)……去过某过地方havegoneto…(地方)去了某地还没回来

133havefun+doing玩得高兴

134havesthtodo有什么事要做

eg:Ihavealotofhomeworktodo我有很多家庭作业要做Ihavenothingtodo我没什么事情做

135havetodosth必须做某事

136havetrouble(problem)(in)doingsth做什么事情有麻烦

137have…time+doing

138have…(时间)…off放……假eg:Ihavemonthoff我请一个月得假

139hearsb+do/doing听见某人做某事/正在做某事

140helpalot很大用处

141helpsbwithsthonessth帮助某人某事(某方面)helpsb(to)dosth帮助某人做某事

142hopetodosth希望做某事

143Howabout(+doing)=Whatabout(+doing)

144howdoyoulike=whatdoyouthinkof你对什么的看法

145if:是否=wether

eg:Idontknowif(wether)Ishouldgototheparty我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会

Hedontknowif(wether)wewillarriveontimetomorrowmorning他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达

146if:如果,假如(全部接一般时态)+条件语态从句

eg:IllgotoLuZhouifitdoestrain假如明天不下雨,我就去泸州

Iftheychangetheplantheywillletmeknow假如他们要改变计划,他们会让我知道的

IllgotoEngland,ifIhaveenoughmoneynextyear如果我明年由足够的钱,我就要去英国

147inonesopinion=sbthink某人认为

148insomeways在某些方面

149intheend=finally(adv)最后

150inthenorthof…什么在什么的北方(north北sowth南west西east东)

151inthesun在太阳下

152increase增加

eg:Theyveincreasedthepreceofpetrolby3%他们把石油价增加了3%

thepopulationhasincreasedfrom12milliontenyearsagoto18millionnow

153insteadof+(名)代替

eg:Idlikeanappleinsteadofapear我想要苹果,而不要梨子

IlikeEnglishinsteadofmath我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学

154introducesbtosb介绍某人给某人introduceoneself自我介绍

155invitesbtodosth邀请某人做某事

156Ittakessbsometimetodosth做某人花掉某人多少时间

eg:Ittookme5minutestodomyhomeworkIttakesmehalfanhourtocook

157Its+adj+forsbtodosth对某人来说做某事怎么样

158Its+adj+todo做某事怎么样

159Its+adjforsb对于某人来说怎么样Its+adjofsb对某人来说太怎么样

160Its+adj(forsb)todo(对某人来说)做某事怎么样Its+adjofsbtodosth对某人来说做某事太怎么样

eg:ItsniceofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish

161Itsagoodideaforsbtodosth对……来说是个好主意

162Itsimportanttosb对某人来说很重要eg:Itsimportanttome

163ItstimetodosthItstimeforsth到了该去做某事的时间

eg:ItstimetohaveclassItstimeforclass该去上课了

164join=takepartin参加

165justnow刚才

166keep+sb/sth+adj/介词短语让什么保持什么样?

167keepout不让……进入

168keepsbadj让……保持……eg:Iwanttokeepmymotherhappykeephealthy保持健康

169keyto+名词表示:某物的钥匙或某题的答案

170keyto…anserto…key可以是答题或钥匙

171laughat…取笑……eg:DontlanghatothersWelanghedatthejoke

172learnbyoneslfe自学

173learnfromsb向某人学习eg:WeshouldlearnfromLeiFeng

174learntodosth学做某事

175letsbdosth让某人做某事

176Letsbdown让某人失望eg:Weshouldntletourfarentsdown我们不应该让我们的父母失望

177livefrom:离某地远

178livein+大地方/at+小地方居住在某地eg:IliveinLuZhouShelivesatXuanTan

179lookafter=takecareof照顾照看

180loseonesway谁迷路eg:Loseyourway你迷路

181makeadecisiontodosth决定做某事

182makefriendswithsb和谁成为朋友eg:Iwanttomakefriendswithyou

183makeitearly把时间定的早一点

184makeonexhibitionofoneself让某人出洋相

185makesb/n+n使什么成为什么eg:ImadehermystepmollerImadeyoumywife

186makesb/sth+adj使某人(某物)怎么样eg:Youmustmadeyourbedclean

187makesb/sthadj使某人/某物怎么样

188makesbdosth让某人做某事eg:Imadehimwrite我以前让他写

189makeupbemadeupof(被动语态)由……组成

190make…differenceto…

191mindsbtodomindonesdoing介意……做什么

192most+名mostof+代

193muchtoo+形容词

194mustbe一定

195need+名词

196needsbdosth需要某人做某事

197needtodo(实义动词)needdo(情态动词)

198no/neithrofhatetodono/neithrofhatedoing

199no+名词

200notanymore=nomore再也不……eg:HedidntcryanymoreHecriednomore他再也不哭

201not…(形、副)atalleg:Hesnottallatallshedoesntjunpfaratall

202not…atall一点都不

203not…either表否定,也不eg:IdontjapanseeitherIdonthavesister,either我也没有姐姐

204not…until直到……才……

eg:IdidntsleepuntilmymothercamebackThechilddidntstopcryinguntilIgivehersugar

205offer/providesbwithsth给某人提供

206offersbsth(offersthtosb提供什么东西给某人eg:Iofferyouwater(Iofferwatertoyou我给你提供水

207ononeswayto…在谁去那的路上

208ontheonehand一方面ontheotherhand另一方面

209onthephone=overthephone用电话交谈

210ontime准时intime及时

211oneday=someday=someday一天,有一天

212oneof+可数名词的复数形式

213onetoanother一个到另一个

214overandoveragin一遍又一遍的eg:Hecleanedtheflooroverandoveragin

215part-timejob兼职工作fall-timejob全职工作

216payfor…付……钱paythebill开钱,付钱

217please+do

218pleasehelpyourself

219pleasedwithsb

220poolinto=poreinto

221practice+doing练习做某事

222prefersthtosth相对……更喜欢……eg:Ipreferphysicstochemisty在物理和化学中,我更喜欢物理

preferdoingtosth更喜欢去做…不愿意去做…eg:Heprefersridingabiketodiving他更喜欢骑自行车,不开小车

prefertodosthratherthandosth宁愿做…也不愿

eg:Myundepreferstobuyanowcarratherthanrepaivtheusedone我叔叔更喜欢买新的车,也不去修旧车

prefersbnottodosth更愿意…eg:Ipreferhernottocome我不喜欢她不来

223pretendtodosth装着去做什么pretendthat从句

eg:Thetwocheatspretendedtobeworkingveryhard这两个骗子装着努力工作

Hepretendedthathedidnotknowtheanswer他装着不知道答案

224rather…than宁可……也不……

eg:Iwouldratherbeadoctorthanateacher我愿肯当医生,也不当老师

Helikesdogsratherthancats他喜欢狗,不喜欢猫

225regard…as把……当作……

eg:Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourfamily请带我向你的家人我最好的问候

Iregardyouasmyfriend我把你当作我的朋友

Heshowslittleregardforothers他不爱关心别人

226remidsbaboutsth提醒某人什么事remidsbtodosth提醒某人做某事

eg:heremidsmeaboutcooking(heremidsmetocook他提醒我做饭

227remidsbofsth使某人想起什么

eg:thepicturesremindmeofmyschooldays这照片使我想起了我的学校

thewordsthat(which)theteachertalketoremindmeofmymother

228returnsthtosb还什么东西给某人

229saytooneself对自己说

230saytosb对某人说

231sbspendsomemoneyonsth花了多少钱在某事上

232sbspendsometimewithsb花了多少时间陪谁

233sbspendsometime(in)doingsth花了多少时间做某事

234sbwithsb+issbandsb+are

235seesbdo看见某人做过某事seesbdoing看见某人正在做某事

236seemtodo/be+adj显得怎么样eg:YouseemtobetiredYouseemtobehappy

237send+sbsth送给某人某物

238send…to…把什么寄到哪里去?

239shock使……震惊eg:Oh,Itsonlyyou!Yougivemeashock啊,是你呀!吓我一跳

240showsbsth向某人展示某物eg:Ishowherthebook.

241showsbsth=showsthtosb拿什么东西给某人看eg:ShowmeyourpenShowyourpentome

242showsthtosb向某人展示某物eg:Ishowthebooktoher.

243some…others…一些……另一些……

244start…with…从……开始begin…with…从……开始

245stayawayfrom远离……

eg:Weretoldtostayawayfromtheanimalswhevisitingthezoo当我们参观zoo时,我们要远离动物

Ifyouwanttoloseweightyoudbetterstayauayfromthesweetfood徒工你想减肥,你最好远离甜食

246stopdoing停下正在做的事

247stopsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事

248stopsb(from)doing阻止某人做某事

249stoptodo停下正在做的事去做下一件事

250such+名这样,这种

251suitsb适合某人

252surprisesb使某人惊奇toonessurprise令某人惊奇

253takeclasses上课

254takesbto把某人带去eg:Itakeyoutothehospital

255takewalks=takeawalk=goforawalk散步

256①talkto对谁说eg:Italktoyou②talkwith和谁说eg:Italkwithhim

③talkof谈到eg:wetalkedofyou④talkabout谈论关于……

257talkwithsb和某人说话

258teachsbsth教某人做某事

259tellsbdosth告诉某人做某事

260tellsbsthtellsbthat丛句tellsbnottodosthtellastory

261tellsbsth告诉某人某事

262tellsbtodosth告诉某人做什么tellsbnottodosth告诉某人不要做什么

263tell…from…

264thankyoufor+doing

265thesame+名词(doing)+as……

266thesame…(名)…asas…(adjadv)…as相同

267thewaytodosth=thewayofdoingst做某方面的方法thewayto+地方去哪的路

eg:DoyouknowthewaytolearnEnglishDoyouknowthewayoflearningEnglish

268thewayto…(地点)到哪的

269too…to…太怎样而不能……adj+enoughto足够…能…so…that+丛句

eg:Heistooyoungtogotoschool=Heissoyoungthathecantgotoschool

Heisoldenoughtogotoschool=Heissooldthathecangotoschool

270transalte……into……把什么翻译成什么eg:TrasalteEnglishintochinese

271travelwithsb和某人去旅游

272tryonesbesttodosth尽某人最大的努力去做某事eg:IwilltrymybesttolearnEnglishwell

273trytodosth想干什么,但没成功trydoingsth想干什么,已经做过了

eg:Hetriedtoclimb他想爬上去,但没成功Hetriedclimbing他想爬上去,已经做过了

274try…试衣服haveatry试一下

275turndown开小←→turnup开大

276turnoff关上←→turnon打开open拆开

277upsidedown倒着

278visitto…参观某个地方

279waitforsb等某人

1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语:every…,sometimes,at…,onSunday。例如:

Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.每天早上我七点离开家。

2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:

Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球绕太阳转动。

ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海位于中国东部。

3)表示格言或警句。例如:

Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。

注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例:Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。

4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:

Idontwantsomuch.我不要那么多。

AnnwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。

比较:NowIputthesugarinthecup.把糖放入杯子。

Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.我正在做功课。

第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。

1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。例如:

Wheredidyougojustnow?刚才你上哪儿去了?

2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:

WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。

WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.

那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。

3)句型:Itistimeforsb.todosth"到……时间了""该……了"。例如:Itistimeforyoutogotobed.你该睡觉了。

Itistimethatsb.didsth."时间已迟了""早该……了",例如Itistimeyouwenttobed.你早该睡觉了。

would(had)rathersb.didsth.表示宁愿某人做某事。例如:Idratheryoucametomorrow.还是明天来吧。

4)wish,wonder,think,hope等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。例如:Ithoughtyoumighthavesome.我以为你想要一些。

比较:Christinewasaninvalidallherlife.(含义:她已不在人间。)

Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlife.(含义:她现在还活着)

Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)

注意:用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。

1)动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。例如:

Didyouwantanythingelse?您还要些什么吗?

Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.能不能帮我一下。

2)情态动词could,would。例如:

Couldyoulendmeyourbike?你的自行车,能借用一些吗?

usedto+do:"过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。例如:

Motherusednottobesoforgetful.老妈过去没那么健忘。

Scarfusedtotakeawalk.斯卡夫过去常常散步。

beusedto+doing:对……已感到习惯,或"习惯于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。例如:

Heisusedtoavegetariandiet.

Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。

典型例题

----Yourphonenumberagain?I___quitecatchit.

----Its69568442.

A.didntB.couldntC.dontD.cant

答案A.本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。

1)shall用于第一人称,常被will所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如:

WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst?我先读哪一段呢?

Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?今晚七点回家好吗?

2)begoingto+不定式,表示将来。

a.主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天打算作什么呢?

b.计划,安排要发生的事。例如:Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。这出戏下月开播。

c.有迹象要发生的事。例如:Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那乌云,快要下雨了。

3)be+不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如:

WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

4)beaboutto+不定式,意为马上做某事。例如:

HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.他马上要去北京。

注意:beabouttodo不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

例如:

Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,youdbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible.

Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.

beto表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,begoingto表示主观的打算或计划。例如:

Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)

Imgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)

1)下列动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:

Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.火车明天上午六点开。

Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsintenminutes.汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。

2)以here,there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:

Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.车来了。

Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.铃响了。

3)在时间或条件句中。例如:

WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.比尔来后,让他等我。

IllwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.我到了那里,就写信给你。

4)在动词hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等的宾语从句中。例如:

Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.我希望他们下星期玩得开心。

Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。

下列动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如:

Imleavingtomorrow.明天我要走了。

Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?你会在这儿呆到下周吗?

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成:have(has)+过去分词。

1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。

2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek,…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等,皆为具体的时间状语。

现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always等,皆不确定的时间状语。

共同的时间状语:thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,already,recently,lately等。

3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.。

4)一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等

例如:

Isawthisfilmyesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了)

Ihaveseenthisfilm.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)

Whydidyougetupsoearly?(强调起床的动作已发生过了)

Whohasnthandedinhispaper?(强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争)

HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.(在团内的状态可延续)

HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.(是团员的状态可持续)

5)句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday,last,week,in1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。

(错)Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.

(对)Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.

Since用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如:

Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.我住在这儿二十多年了。

IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.我从出生起就住在这儿了。

注意:并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我现在已不在这里工作。)

Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(现在我仍在这里工作。)

注意:用句型转换的方法,很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。

1)(对)TomhasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.=TombegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.

2)(错)Harryhasgotmarriedforsixyears.=Harrybegantogetmarriedsixyearsago,andisstillgettingmarriednow.

显然,第二句不对,它应改为Harrygotmarriedsixyearsago.或Harryhasbeenmarriedforsixyears.

1)since+过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980,lastmonth,halfpastsix)。例如:

Ihavebeenheresince1989.1989起,我一直在这儿。

2)since+一段时间+ago。例如:

Ihavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.我在这儿,已经有五个月了。

3)since+从句。例如:

Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.你走后,变化可大了。

Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincewewerehere.我们走后,变化可大了。

4)Itis+一段时间+since从句。例如:

ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudent.我考上研究生有两年了。

1)用于完成时的区别

延续动词表示经验、经历;瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如:

Hehascompletedthework.他已完成了那项工作。(表结果)

Iveknownhimsincethen.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)

2)用于till/until从句的差异

延续动词用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……"瞬间动词用于否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:

Hedidntcomebackuntiltenoclock.他到10点才回来。

Hesleptuntiltenoclock.他一直睡到10点。

典型例题

1.Youdontneedtodescribeher.I___herseveraltimes.

A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet

答案B.首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,severaltimes告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。

2.---Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.

---Oh,notatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.

A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe

答案A.等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。

1)两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but等连词时,多用一般过去时。例如:

Whenshesawthemouse,shescreamed.她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。

MyauntgavemeahatandIlostit.姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。

2)两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。例如:

WhenIheardthenews,Iwasveryexcited.

3)叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。例如:

OurteachertoldusthatColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.

1)表示事实状态的动词,如have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue等。例如:Ihavetwobrothers.我有两兄弟。

Thishousebelongstomysister.这房子是我姐的。

2)表示心理状态的动词,如know,realize,thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate等。例如:Ineedyourhelp.我需要你的帮助。

Helovesherverymuch.他爱她很深。

3)瞬间动词,如accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse等。例如:

Iacceptyouradvice.我接受你的劝告。

4)系动词,如seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn等。例如:

Youseemalittletired.你看上去有点累。

1)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。

2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生。

3)常用的时间状语有thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while等。例如:

Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤。

Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.他们离开车站时,正下着雨。

WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining.我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。

典型例题

1)Mary___adresswhenshecutherfinger.

A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes

答案C.割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同时,when表时间的同时性,"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。

2)Asshe___thenewspaper,Granny___asleep.

A.read;wasfallingB.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fell

答案B.句中的as=when,while,意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为"在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。"句中的fell(fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fallsick。

一.词汇

⑴单词

1.介词:in,on,under,behind,near,at,of

1).in表示"在……中","在……内"。例如:

inourclass在我们班上

inmybag在我的书包里

inthedesk在桌子里

intheclassroom在教室里

2).on表示"在……上"。例如:

onthewall在墙上

onthedesk在桌子上

ontheblackboard在黑板上

3).under表示"在……下"。例如:

underthetree在树下

underthechair在椅子下

underthebed在床下

4).behind表示"在……后面"。例如:

behindthedoor在门后

behindthetree在树后

5).near表示"在……附近"。例如:

neartheteachersdesk在讲桌附近

nearthebed在床附近

6).at表示"在……处"。例如:

atschool在学校

athome在家

atthedoor在门口

7).of表示"……的"。例如:

apictureofourclassroom我们教室的一幅画

amapofChina一张中国地图

2.冠词a/an/the:

冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式,即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如abook;an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如anapple.

a或an与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个。

Thisisacat.

这是一只猫。

ItsanEnglishbook.

这是一本英语书。

Hisfatherisaworker.

他的爸爸是个工人。

the既可以用在可数名词前,也可以用在不可数名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。

Whostheboyinthehat?

戴帽子的男孩是谁呀?

------Whatcanyouseeintheclassroom?

------Icanseeabag.

------Wheresthebag?

------Itsonthedesk.

-------你能在教室里看到什么呀?

------我能看见一个书包。

------书包在哪呀?

------在桌子上。

3.some和any

①在肯定句中用some.例如:

Therearesomebooksonthedesk.桌子上有一些书。

Lucyhassomegoodbooks露西有一些好书。

②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如:

Isthereanyinkinyourpen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗?

Doyouhaveanybrothersandsisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗?

Thereisntanywaterintheglass.杯子里没有水。

⑵记住它们的特殊用法。

①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中,这一点我们不久就会学到。例如:

Wouldyouliketohavesomeapples?你想吃苹果吗?

②any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的"。例如:

Anyoneofuscandothis.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。

some和any的用法是经常出现的考点,希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。

4.family

family看作为一个整体时,意思是"家庭",后面的谓语动词be用单数形式is;如把family看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后面的谓语动词be应用are。

Myfamilyisabigfamily.我的家庭是个大家庭。

Myfamilyareallathomenow.我的家人现在都在家。

Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。house指"家"、"房屋",侧重居住的建筑本身。

Hisfamilyareallworkers.他的家人都是工人。

MyhomeisinBeijing.我的家在北京。

Heisntathomenow.他现在不在家。

Itsapictureofmyfamily.这是一张我全家的照片。

5.little的用法

alittledog一只小狗,alittleboy一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。

*但little还可表示否定意义,意为"少的",加不可数名词。

Thereislittletime.几乎没时间了。

Thereislittlewaterinthecup.杯中水很少。

⑵词组

onthedesk在桌子上

behindthechair在椅子后

underthechair在椅子下面

inherpencil-box在她的铅笔盒中

nearthedoor在门附近

apictureofaclassroom一个教室的图片

lookatthepicture看这张图片

theteachersdesk讲桌

amapofChina一张中国地图

familytree家谱

haveaseat坐下,就坐

thisway这边走

二.日常用语

1.Comeandmeetmyfamily.

2.Goandsee.IthinkitsLiLei.

3.Gladtomeetyou.

4.Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?

Icanseeaclock/somebooks.

5.Canyouseeanorange?

Yes,Ican./No,Icant.

6.WheresShenzhen?

ItsnearHongKong.

7.Letmesee.(口语)让我想想看。

see在这是"明白、懂了",不可译作"看见"。例如:

8.Pleasehaveaseat.

seat表示"座位",是个名词。haveaseat表示"就坐",也可以说takeaseat,和sitdown的意思相同。

三.语法

1.名词所有格

名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式:

(1).一般情况下在词尾加"s"。例如:

KatesfatherKate的爸爸

mymothersfriend我妈妈的朋友

(2).如果复数名词以s结尾,只加""。例如:

TeachersDay教师节

Theboysgame男孩们的游戏

(3).如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加"s"。例如:

ChildrensDay儿童节

WomensDay妇女节

(4).表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如:

LucyandLilysroomLucy和Lily的房间

KateandJimsfatherKate和Jim的爸爸

动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"s",而常常用介词of的短语来表示。

amapofChina一幅中国地图

thenameofhercat她的猫的名字

apictureofmyfamily我的家庭的一张照片

thedoorofthebedroom卧室的门

2.祈使句

祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加please。在句尾时,please前多用逗号。

(1).祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。

Goandsee.去看看。

Comein,please.请进。

(2).祈使句的否定形式常用dont于句首。

Dontlookatyourbooks.不要看书。

Dontplayontheroad.不要在马路上玩。

3.Therebe的句子结构

Therebe是一个"存在"句型,表示"有"的意思,

肯定句的形式为:Therebe+名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。

be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如:

Thereisaneraserandtwopensonthedesk.桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。

Therearetwopensandaneraseronthedesk.桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。

(1)therebe的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。

否定形式为:Therebe+not+(any)+名词+地点状语。

Thereisnotanycatintheroom.房间里没猫。

Therearentanybooksonthedesk.桌子上没书。

(2)therebe句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Bethere+(any)+名词+地点状语?肯定回答:Yes,thereis/are.否定回答:No,thereisnt/arent.

---Isthereadoginthepicture?画上有一只狗吗?

---Yes,thereis.有。

---Arethereanyboatsintheriver?河里有船吗?

---No,therearent.没有。

(3)特殊疑问句:Howmany...arethere(+地点状语)?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用Therebe...

Theresone./Therearetwo/three/some...

有时直接就用数字来回答。One./Two...

---Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?教室里有多少学生?

---Theresonlyone./Therearenine.只有一个。/有九个。

(4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+地点状语?

Howmuchwateristhereinthecup?杯中有多少水?

Howmuchfoodisthereinthebowl?碗里有多少食物?

专题一、英语构词法汇总及练习

一.概念

英语的构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法.

二.相关知识点精讲

1.转化法

英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。

1)动词转化为名词

很多动词可以转化为名词,大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①);有时意思有一定变化(如下②);有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作(如下③)。例如:

①Letsgooutforawalk.我们到外面去散散步吧。

②Heisamanofstrongbuild.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。

③Letshaveaswim.咱们游泳吧。

2)名词转化为动词

很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。例如:

①Didyoubookaseatontheplane?你订好飞机座位了吗?

②Pleasehandmethebook.请把那本书递给我。

③Shenursedherhusbandbacktohealth.她看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康。

④Welunchedtogether.我们在一起吃了午餐。

3)形容词转化为动词

有少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如:

Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。

4)副词转化为动词

有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如:

Murderwillout.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。

5)形容词转化为名词

表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①);某些形容词如old,young,poor,rich,wounded,injured等与the连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数(如下②)。例如:

Youshouldbedressedinblackatthefuneral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。

Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。

2.派生法

在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。

1)前缀

除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;后缀一般改变词类,而不引起词义的变化。

(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-,il-,im-,in-,ir-,mis-,non-,un-等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如:

appear出现→disappear消失

correct正确的→incorrect不正确的

lead带领→mislead领错

stop停下→non-stop不停

(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词),anti-(反对;抵抗),auto-(自动),co-(共同),en-(使),inter-(互相),re-(再;又),sub-(下面的;次;小),tele-(强调距离)等。例如:

alone单独的antigas防毒气的

autochart自动图表

cooperate合作enjoy使高兴

internet互联网reuse再用

subway地铁telephone电话

2)后缀

英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词,也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他词性;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词。

(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence,-(e)r/-or(从事某事的人),-ese(某地人),-ess(雌性),-ful(一……),-ian(精通……的人),-ist(专业人员),-ment(性质;状态),-ness(性质;状态),-tion(动作;过程)等。例如:

differ不同于→difference区别

write写→writer作家

Japan日本→Japanese日本人

act表演→actress女演员

mouth口→mouthful一口

music音乐→musician音乐家

(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n(多用于形容词之后),-fy(使……化),-ize(使……成为)。例如:

wide→widen加宽

beauty→beautify美化

pure→purify提纯

real→realize意识到

organ→organize组织

(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al,

-able(有能力的),-(a)n(某国人的),-en(多用于表示材料的名词后),-ern(方向的),-ese(某国人的),-ful,-(ic)al,-ish,-ive,-less(表示否定),-like(像……的),-ly,-ous,-some,-y(表示天气)等。例如:

nature自然→natural自然的

reason道理→reasonable有道理的

America美国→American美国的

China中国→Chinese中国人的

gold金子→golden金的

east东→eastern东方的

child孩子→childish孩子气的

snow雪→snowy雪的

(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly(主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度),-ward(s)(主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。例如:

angry生气的→angrily生气地

to到→towards朝……,向……

east东方→eastward向东

(5)构成数词的后缀有-teen(十几),-ty(几十),-th(构成序数词)。例如:

six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth第十六

four四→forty四十→fortieth第四十

3.合成法

1)合成名词

构成方式例词

名词+名词weekend周末

名词+动词daybreak黎明

名词+动名词handwriting书法

名词+及物动词+er/orpain-killer止痛药

名词+介词+名词editor-in-chief总编辑

代词+名词she-wolf母狼

动词+名词typewriter打字机

动名词+名词reading-room阅览室

现在分词+名词flying-fish飞鱼

形容词+名词gentleman绅士

副词+动词outbreak爆发

介词+名词afternoon下午

2)合成形容词

名词+形容词snow-white雪白的

名词+现在分词English-speaking讲英语的

名词+to+名词face-to-face面对面的

名词+过去分词man-made人造的

数词+名词one-way单行的

数词+名词+形容词two-year-old两岁的

数词+名词+edfive-storeyed五层的

动词+副词see-through透明的

形容词+名词high-class高级的

形容词+名词+ednoble-minded高尚的

形容词+形容词light-blue浅蓝色的

形容词+现在分词good-looking相貌好看的

副词+形容词ever-green常青的

副词+现在分词hard-working勤劳的

副词+过去分词well-known著名的

副词+名词fast-food专门提供快餐服务的

介词+名词downhill下坡的

3)合成动词

名词+动词sleep-walk梦游

形容词+动词white-wash粉刷

副词+动词overthrow推翻

4)合成副词

形容词+名词hotfoot匆忙地

形容词+副词everywhere到处

副词+副词however尽管如此

介词+名词beforehand事先

介词+副词forever永远

5)合成代词

代词宾格+selfherself她自己

物主代词+selfmyself我自己

形容词+名词anything任何东西

6)合成介词

副词+名词inside在……里面

介词+副词within在……之内

副词+介词into进入

4.截短法(缩略法)

截短法,即将单词缩写,词义和词性保持不变,主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。

1)截头

telephone→phone

aeroplane→plane

omnibus→bus

2)去尾

mathematics→maths

co-operate→co-op

examination→exam

kilogram→kilo

laboratory→lab

taxicab→taxi

3)截头去尾

influenza→flu

refrigerator→fridge

prescription→script

5.混合法(混成法)

混合法,即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体;前半部分表示属性。

newsbroadcast→newscast新闻广播

televisionbroadcast→telecast电视播送

smokeandfog→smog烟雾

helicopterairport→heliport直升飞机场

6.首尾字母缩略法

首尾字母缩略法,即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式,即各字母分别读音;作为一个单词读音。

veryimportantperson→VIP(读字母音)要人;大人物

television→TV(读字母音)电视

TestingofEnglishasaForeignLanguage→TOEFL托福

Nato

三.巩固练习

1.Thatmanwas________enoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.

A.care B.careful C.careless D.carelessness

2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild,sohis________isheavierthanMountTai.

A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death

3.Thechildlooked________athisbrotherwhowasbadlywounded.

A.sadlyB.sadnessC.sadlyD.sad

4.Heisanexpertatchemistry.Weallcallhima________.

A.chemistryB.chemical

C.chemistD.physician

5.Thethree-________chairisn’tsuitableforayoungchild.Hemayfalloff.

A.leggingB.leggedC.legsD.leged

6.Stephensonbecamethe________railwayengineerintheworld.

A.leadB.leaderC.leadingD.leadership

7.Whentheteacherpraisedhimforworkingoutthemathsproblem,Jacklooked________aboutathisclassmates.

A.proudB.proudlyC.prideD.pridely

8.Toeveryone’s________,thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.

A.satisfiedB.satisfactory

C.satisfyingD.satisfaction

9.—Whatareyoudoinghere?

—Oh,myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageabout________inEnglish.

—Youcanwrite________passageinEnglish?

A.600words;a600-words 

B.600-word;a600-words

C.600words;a600-word 

D.600words;a600-words

10.Nooneshouldenterthespotwithoutthe________ofthepolice.

A.permitB.permission

C.permittingD.permittence

11.Youmustcomewithustothepolice________.Ourheadiswaitingforyou.

A.headquartersB.headline

C.headmasterD.headache

12.Lettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident;youdidit________.

A.intendB.intention

C.intentionallyD.intentional

13.Theshopownerwelcomedalltheguestswitha________smile.

A.practiceB.practise

C.practicalD.practiced

14.The________orderedhimtopaya0fine.

A.judgerB.judgment

C.judgeD.judgement

15.MyTVisoutoforder.Canyoutellmewhatisthe________newsaboutIraqWar?

A.latelyB.latest

C.laterD.latter

16.TheGreatWallismorethan6000liin________.

A.longerB.length

C.longD.longing

17.Tomy________,Ipassedtheexameasily.

A.joyB.joyful

C.joylessD.joyness

18.Canadaismainlyan________country.

A.English-speakingB.speak-English

C.spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken

19.How________heis!Heisalwaysacting________.Heisreallya________.

A.foolish;foolishly;fool

B.fool;foolish;fool

C.foolish;fool;fool

D.foolishly;foolish;fool

20.Thenecklacethatshelostisveryexpensive.It’sofgreat________.

A.valuableB.value

C.valuelessD.unvaluable

21.Therewere________fishintheriverinSouthAmerica.

A.indangerB.danger

C.dangerousD.dangerless

22.Theletter“b”intheword“doubt”is________.

A.soundB.silent

C.silenceD.sounded

23.Thechildlookedatme________.

A.strangerB.strangely

C.strangeD.strangeless

24.Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheir________bravely.

A.freeB.freely

C.freedomD.frees

25.Whatyousaidsounded________butinfactitwasuntrue.

A.reasonableB.reasonful

C.reasonlessD.unreason

26.Wehavetolearn________technologyfromothercountries.

A.advanceB.advancing

C.advantageD.advanced

27.Thechildrenliveinavillage________.Theycomeherealmosteveryday.

A.nearbyB.near

C.nearlyD.nearby

28.MrBlackisan________inthearmy,notan________inthegovernment.Youcannoteasilyfindhiminhis________.

A.official;officer;office

B.officer;office;official

C.official;official;official

D.officer;official;office

29.You’dbettergiveupsmokingifyouwanttokeep________.

A.healthB.healthy

C.healthilyD.healthier

30.________speaking,Ididn’tdoitonpurpose.

 A.Honestly B.HonestC.HonestyD.Dishonest

[参考答案]1-5BDACB6-10CBDCB11-15ACDCB16-20BAAAB

专题二、英语语法汇总及练习

动词的时态:

初中英语的动词时态主要有五种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,现在完成时.

1.一般现时的用法:主要由动词原形表示,但在第三人称单数时要在词尾加-s。否定句和疑问句要用助动词do,does.

A.经常性或习惯性的动作。如Thetreesgetgreeninspring.。

B现在特征或状态。如TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestinourcountry.

Hedoesn`tworkinthefactory.

C.普遍真理。如Thesunrisesintheeast.Fiveandtwoinseven.

2现在进行时:现在进行时是由助动词be的人称形式加现在分词构成。

主要表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。如:

Wherearetheyswimming?Theyareswimmingintheriver.

有些动词的现在进行时表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。这些动词是:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,worksleep,stay,play,do,have,wear…..

Sheiscomingtoseemetomorrow.

3.一般将来时:主要表示将要发生的动作或情况。

由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成。/begoingto加动词原形构成

Itwon’traintonight.Ishallmeetyouatthestation.

Heisgoingtohaveaswimtomorrow.

4.一般过去时:由动词的过去式表示。

表示在过去某个时刻发生的动作或情况。包括过去习惯性动作。如;

Didyouknockatthedoorjustnow?/Hefinishedreadingthebookyesterday.

5.现在完成时:由have的人称形式加过去分词构成

A到现在为止已经完成的动作。如:

IhavelentmybooktoAnn.我把书借给了安。

Hehasneverseenarealtiger.他从来没有见过真老虎。

B、从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态。如:

Shehaslivedheresince1991.从一九九一年起她就住在这里。

时态常用的时间副词

一般现在时every(year,otherday,twodays,week,month…),often,always,usually,sometimes,inthemorning,insummer,onSunday

一般过去时lastweek,justnow,yesterday,yeaterdaymorning,thedaybeforeyesterday,then,

atthatmoment,(afewdays)ago,

一般将来时tomorrow,nextmonth,intwodays,

现在进行时now

现在完成时since,for(oneyear….),just,already,yet,inthelastfiveyears,…before.sofar

被动语态:

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。Be有人称,数量和时态变化。

一般现在时:be(isamare)+及物动词的过去分词

一般过去时:be(waswere)+及物动词的过去分词

情态动词的过去分词:情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词

用动词的适当时态填空:

1.Light_________(travel)fasterthansound.He_______(get)upearlyinthemorning

2.Johnusually________(go)homeonSundaymorning.

3.Cats________(like)fishwhiledogs_______(like).

4.Healways__________(sleep)withhiswindowsopen.

5.Onetree___________(notmake)awood.Twoandthree_______(be)five.

6.I______(say)youarewrong.Everything_______(go)wellinspring.

7.He_________(notwok)onSundays.He_______(take)awalkaftersupper.

8.Lucy________(prefer)coffeetomilk.Lily________(hate)traveling.

9.Children_______(love)toplaygames.Theboy_____(look)likehismother.

10.Thesun_______(rise)intheeastand______(go)downinthewest.

11.Where______you______(go)justnow?I_______(go)tothelibrary.

12.He______(live)inChinalastyear,buthe________(live)inJapannow.He_________(live)there

forthreemonths.He________(live)therebytheendofthisyear.

13.He_______(pay)tenyuanforhisnewbookyesterday.It______(cost)himsolittle.

14.What_____you_____(wear)yesterday?I_______(wear)ablueskirt.

15.He______(feel)verytiredlastnight,he____(fall)asleepveryquickly.

16.He______(say)he______(will)writetomeassoonashecamehome.

17.He______(take)histemperaturehalfanhourago.

18.We________(win)theleaguematchlastweek,we______(be)thewinners.

19.She______(keep)mewaitingforanhourlastnight.She______(be)late.

20.He______(find)itdifficulttogettosleep.becausehe_______(be)tooglad.

21.He________(read)abookwhenI______(see)her.

22.Greatchanges_______(happen)inthevillagelastyear.

23.He____(drive)toShanghailastweek,he________(choose)manypresentsforhisfamily.

24.Justnow,he______(mistake)meforLucy.

25.What______you_____(do)now?I________(look)formypen.

26.Look,they______(read)overthere,others_______(dance)underthetalltree.

27.Listen,someone___________(sing)Englishsongsnextroom.

28.It’sfiveo’clock..I________(do)myhomework,Mybrother__________(play)games,mymother_________(cook)supper,myfather________(mend)hiscarinthegarden.

29.Tom__________(fly)kiteswithhisclassmatesonthehillnow.

30.Who____________(wash)clothesoverthere?It’smymother.

延伸阅读

初中英语(新课标版)中考总复习冲刺材料5


状语从句是句子的状语由一个从句充当,来修饰主句中的动词,形容词或副词等。状语从句都由从属连词引导,与主句连接,放在句末时,一般不在前面加逗号。

状语从句根据它表示的意思可分为时间,原因,条件,比较,结果,目的等类。下面我们拣重点的一个一个来分析。

时间状语从句:是由when,as,while,after,before,since,until,assoonas等从属连词引导的状语从句。时间状语从句中的谓语动词不能用一般将来时,只能用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。如:IwillcallyouassoonasIarrivethere.

原因状语从句:because,since,as和for都表示原因。常常令我们不知该用哪个好。我们来比较一下。because语势最强,回答why提出的问题,用来说明人所不知的原因。当能够很明显的看出原因或人们已知原因,就用as或since。如:Idontlikethatcoat,becausethecolorlooksterrible.由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。如:Heisnothere,because/forhismotherisill.

目的状语从句:表示目的状语的从句可以由inorderthat,sothat,等词引导。如:Youmustraiseyourvoicesothat/inorderthateverybodycanhearyouclearly.

结果状语从句:结果状语从句常由so...that或such...that引导,要掌握和区分这两个句型,首先要了解so和such后面分别跟什么词。such是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much,little连用,形成固定搭配。如:TheboxissoheavythatIcantcarryit.

让步状语从句:是由though,although引导的状语从句。though,although和but不能同时使用。

Althoughitrained,theyhadagoodtime.

练习:

1.Shewillfindhimakindmanwhenshe_________him.

 A.knows

 B.know

 C.willknow

 D.isgoingtoknow

 2.Wellgooutforawalkassoonasit________.

 A.stopsraining

 B.raining

 C.stoptorain

 D.rain

 3.Thefilmwas_____interesting_____everyonewantedtoseeitagain.

 A.too,to

 B.so,that

 C.not,until

 D.very,that

 4.Wedontunderstandthepassage______thereisfewwordsinit.

 A.and

 B.if

 C.though

 D.because

 5.Youaresuretopasstheexam_______youstudyhard.

 A.if

 B.though

 C.that

 D.when

 6.Ifyou_____freetomorrow,wewontgoforapicnic.

 A.arent

 B.wontbe

 C.werent

 D.dont

 7.WhatwasJimdoing_______theteachercamein?

 A.while

 B.and

 C.when

 D.but

 8.Youmuststop______thepolicemansay:"stop!"

 A.that

 B.if

 C.then

 D.until

 9.--TheboyfailedtopasstheEnglishexamination.

--______hedidntworkhard.

 A.If

 B.Because

 C.When 

 D.So

 10.Illgoforawalkwithyouifit______tomorrow?

 A.wontrain

 B.doesntrain

 C.willrain

 D.rain

 

实践:

1.Igetup______halfpastsixeveryday.

 A.in

 B.on

 C.at

 D.for

 2.IheardRobin________anEnglishsonglastnight.

 A.sang

 B.tosing

 C.sing

 D.sung

 3.Isthere_______intodaysnewspaper?

 A.importantsomething

 B.somethingimportant

 C.importantanything

 D.anythingimportant

 4._____fineweatheritis!

 A.Whata

 B.Whatan

 C.How

 D.What

 5."Whereareyourbikes?"

"________isundertree,and_______besidethewall."

 A.Mine,her

 B.Me,his

 C.Mine,his

 D.His,her

 6.______studentslistenedtothereport.

 A.Fourhundred

 B.Fourhundredof

 C.Fourhundredsof

 D.Fourhundreds

 7.Footballwasoncea______game,butnowmoreandmoregirlsenjoyplayingit.

 A.boys

 B.boys

 C.boyss

 D.girls

 8.Dontmove,_______Iwillkillyou!

 A.and

 B.or

 C.so

 D.but

 9.Thereis_________inkinmypen.Willyoupleasegiveme_______drops?

 A.afew,alittle

 B.few,little

 C.little,afew

 D.little,alittle

 10.Theycouldhardlybelieveit,_______?

 A.couldntthey

 B.couldthey

 C.cantthey

 D.canthey

 11."MayIsmokehere?""No,you_______."

 A.cant

 B.neednt

 C.mustnt

 D.maynot

 12.Hisfather________forsixyears.

 A.hasdied

 B.hasbeendead

 C.hasdead

 D.hasbeendeath

 13.Thereis________umbrellaintheroom._______umbrellaisinthecorner.

 A.the,the

 B.a,The

 C.an,The

 D.an,A

 14.Itwas______theChristmasEvethatIfirstsawhim.

 A.at

 B.in

 C.on

 D.by

 15.Shehasanpencilinonehand,apenin________.

 A.others

 B.another

 C.theother

 D.theothers

中考在一天天的接近,现在大家肯定非常紧张。面对这一大堆问题,该如何充分利用这几天有限的时间来达到复习的最佳效果呢?不要着急,不要着急,稳下心来,Doitstepbystep,中考就会志在必得。

考前主要思路:目前中考英语的趋向是向考察语言实际应用的方向转化,对语法的考察则趋向于基本、基础的知识考察。同时将对语法的考察与语言情景向结合。所以:记住该记的关键、废话少说!考什么记什么。时间宝贵呀!一谈到考前复习,很多人便想到抓"考点"、"要点"。实际上,最关键的是抓住"知识点",找出"重点"和"难点",才能举一反三,触类旁通。

忠告:

音标部分:在平时学习时所掌握的知识的基础上,复习一遍音标规则,复习过程中结合自己所学单词进行验证,可加深印象和理解程度。同时总结容易混淆的音标及不符合音标规则的特殊读音词。

介词的用法一直是考试的重点,原因是在英语里,介词往往能起到汉语里动词的作用,而且很多时候用法的区分很细致。复习时认真总结一下,还是有用的。

因汉语里没有冠词一说,冠词的用法一直是个难点。a,an用法还好区分些,只要知道其后面所跟的词的发音就可轻易判断。the则难一些,但只要知道用the则必特指,大多数题也就迎刃而解了。当然还有不用冠词的时候。

句中单复数的对应关系,其中包括名词、代词的单复数形式,并不是很难理解,考试时细心一些就可以了。肯定句、疑问句的相互变换时,更要特别注意到这一点。

动词词组的含义、用法,要是没有掌握得很好,则针对每一词组的不同用法记忆一组例句,到时候套用可保万无一失。

初二、初三的英语中有了时态、句中词序的变化,复习时多加对比,考时跟着感觉走。

初中英语的阅读理解部分,并不涉及词语的隐讳含义或双关等。因此只要阅读速度不是很慢,平时所积累的词汇量够用就行。万一你的速度赶不上去,考试可先读题,后读文章,读时抓住与问题相关的内容点就行。

练习:

1."Wouldyoumindlendingmeyourradio?"

"______".

 A.Yes,hereyouare.

 B.Certainlynot.Hereyouare.

 C.No,myradioisbad

 D.No,thanks.

 2.Ifyoudontknowhowtoreadaword,youdbetter______inadictionary.

 A.lookupit

 B.tolookupit

 C.lookitup

 D.tolookitup

 3.There_____alotofriceinthebag.

 A.are

 B.has

 C.have

 D.is

 4.Theradioistoonoisy,wouldyouplease_______alittle?

 A.turnitdown

 B.turniton

 C.stopitfrom

 D.pickitup

 5.Beijingwill_______beautifulflowerswhenNationalDaycomes.

 A.cover

 B.coverwith

 C.becovered

 D.becoveredwith

 6.Johnknows_______acomputer.

 A.howtouse

 B.howuse

 C.howuses

 D.whatuse

 7.TheEnglishfor10,440is________.

 A.tenthousand,fourhundredsandforty

 B.tenthousand,fourhundredandforty

 C.tenthousand,fourhundredforty

 D.tenthousandandfour,forty

 8.Isaw_______playinginthestreetatthattime.

 A.them

 B.they

 C.their

 D.theirs

 9.Thereis_________intheworldifyouputyourheartintoit.

 A.somethingdifficult

 B.difficultsomething

 C.nothingdifficult

 D.difficultnothing

 10.______allthestudentsinhisclass,XiaoMingwrites_______.

 A.Of,mostcarefully

 B.In,themostcareful

 C.Of,verycarefully

 D.In,muchmorecarefully

实践:

1.Ihavefourfriends.BothTomandPeter________fromtheUSA,

butneitherTomnorPeter________westernfood.

 A.is,likes

 B.are,likes

 C.is,like

 D.are,like

 2.TheNileisthelongestriverintheworld.Itis_______kilometreslong.

 A.sixthousandssixhundredandseventy

 B.sixthousandandsixhundredseventy

 C.sixthousandssixhundredsseventy

 D.sixthousandsixhundredandseventy

 3.________myauntcomestostaywithusfor_______inourhometown.

 A.Sometime,sometimes

 B.Sometimes,sometime

 C.Sometime,sometimes

 D.Sometime,sometime

 4.UncleWangwantedmetowaterthetrees.________.

 A.Sodidus

 B.Sowedid

 C.SowasI

 D.SoIdid

 5.Nobodycangointothecinema_______aticket.

 A.with

 B.except

 C.and

 D.without

 6.________isthemostpopularfootballplayerinyourcountry?

 A.Whodoyouthink

 B.Doyouthinkwho

 C.Doyouthinkwhom

 D.Whomdoyouthink

 7._______hardandyouwillcatchupwithyourclassmates.

 A.Towork

 B.Work

 C.Ifyouwork

 D.Working

 8.Thedresscost________moneythatshecouldntaffordtobuyit.

 A.toomuch

 B.somuch

 C.somany

 D.quitemuch

 9.A:Youareverybeautifulinthenewskirt.

B:_______.

 A.Itstoogood

 B.Imsorrytohearthat

 C.Thatsgreat

 D.Itsquitegood

 10.Suchathingwillnotbefoundeverywhere.Thatmeans________.

 A.suchathingisnowheretobefound

 B.suchathingcanbefoundsomewhere,butnoteverywhere

 C.youcanneverfindsuchathing

 D.suchathingcannotbefoundinanyplaces

 11._____isclearthatlearningEnglishwellisnoteasy.

 A.This

 B.What

 C.It

 D.That

 12.Hesaid________hewasateacher________hetaughtEnglish.

 A.whether,that

 B.that,thatand

 C.,andthat

 D.whether,butthat

 13.Weshouldopenourmouth_____learnEnglishwell.

 A.fororderto

 B.inorderto

 C.inorderthat

 D.inorderfor

 14.Itsagreatshameforme_______infrontofsomanypeople.

 A.tolaughat

 B.tolaughingat

 C.tobelaughedat

 D.tohavelaughedat

 15.Theboys______basketballontheplaygroundaremyclassmates.

 A.play

 B.played

 C.toplay

 D.playing

Therebe句型的基本用法是表示“某地(或某时)有某人(或某物)”,其形式为“Therebe+代词或名词(短语)+地点/时间状语”。这里there是引导词,没有词义,be是谓语动词,代词或名词(短语)是主语。be要与主语保持人称和数的一致。否定句是在be后加not;一般疑问句是将be放在句首;反意疑问句中的简短问句是由“be(或其否定式)+there”构成。例如:

1.Thereisadeskandtwochairsintheroom.(紧挨着be动词的主语是adesk,是单数,故be的形式要用is)

2.Therearenttwochairsandadeskintheroom.(否定句)

3.Isthereanythingwrongwithyourears?(Yes,thereis./No,thereisnt.)

4.Therewasntameetingyesterday,wasthere?(反意疑问句)

除此之外,还有一个重要句式“有某人在做某事”,要用“Therebe+sb.+doingsth.+地点/时间状语”。例如:

Thereareseveralchildrenswimmingintheriver.河里有几个孩子在游泳。

Therebe结构中常见的时态有如下几种情况:

通过上表可知:各种时态的变化是通过be动词的变化来体现的。至于你提到的两个句子我们先不考虑对错,首要的问题是弄清楚Therebe与have所表示的意义。Therebe句型表示“存在”关系,have表示“所属”关系,两者不能混合在一个句子中。例如,要说“明天有一个班会。”(1)Therewillhaveaclassmeetingtomorrow.(×)(2)Thereisgoingto/willbeaclassmeetingtomorrow.(√)有时候既表示“存在”又表示“所属”时两种都可以用。例如:ClassThreehaveamapofChinaonthewall.(“地图”为三班学生所有)ThereisamapofChinaonthewallinClassThree.(“地图”存在于三班)由此看来,Therewillhave是错误的。

复习Therebe句型时除了掌握基础知识外,还应注意以下问题:

1.Therebe句型的考查更多的是将be动词与主语结合在一起进行的,即主谓的一致性。例如:

(1)Thereis_____onthefloor.

(2)Thereare_____onthefloor.

选项:A.catB.waterC.boxesD.football解析:(1)由is可知主语应是可数名词单数或不可数名词,而A、D项中都缺少冠词a,故选B,同理可知(2)应选C。

2.如果作主语的是一个短语,则常常考查短语中的修饰语。可数名词的复数形式前可以用any,some,few,afew,many或用数词+hundred/thousand/million,hundreds/thousands/millionsof,no等修饰;不可数名词可以受any,some,no,little,alittle,much等词的修饰。例如:

(1)Therewere_____studentsinourschool.

A.hundredsB.eighthundredC.eighthundredsof

(2)Thereis_____water.Youneedntgetsomemore.

A.fewB.littleC.much

解析:(1)由数词与名词的搭配关系可知选B,(2)由water可知排除A项,再由后一句意思便知选C。

3.注意不定代词的用法。

(1)不定代词在句中作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:Thereisnothinginthefridge.(2)不定代词受形容词修饰时要放在形容词的前面。例如:Thereissomethinginterestingintodaysnewspaper.

4.Therebe句型的反意疑问句,要注意陈述部分的形式。

如果陈述部分含有little,few,no,nobody,none等否定词时,后面的简短问句中要用肯定形式。例如:Thereisnobodyintheroom,isthere?

但有的含有否定意义的形容词修饰不定代词时则仍看作肯定句式。例如:Thereissomethingunusualintheroom,isntthere?

5.要注意句子前后意思的一致性。

有的句子单独看其意义时,可能不止一个选项适合于它,但如果联系上下句的意思则只能有一个恰当的选项。例如:(1)Thereis_____food.Youneedntbuyany.(2)Thereis_____food.Youhavetobuysome.(A.anyB.someC.no)从这两题中的第一个句子来看均可选用some和no,但与后面的句意结合看,答案则是唯一的:(1)B,(2)C。

Therebe句型命题趋向有两个方面:一是进一步加强对知识的理解与运用方面的考查。例如be动词与主语的一致性、名词或代词的修饰语、搭配关系、含否定词的反意疑问句等。二是有可能出现“有某人在做某事”这一句型,即“Therebe+sb.+doingsth.+地点/时间状语”。

下面是一些英语中考试题原题:

1.Thereare_____daysinaweek.

A.thesevenB.seventhC.theseventhD.seven

2.Therearefew_____inthefridge.Letsgoandbuysomepeas,carrotsandcabbages.

A.vegetablesB.fruitC.meatD.eggs

3.Look!Therearesome_____onthefloor.

A.childB.waterC.boxesD.girl

4.Thereweretwo_____peopleatyesterdaysmeeting.

A.hundredsB.hundredsofC.hundred

5.Theletterfrommyunclewasshort.Therewasnt_____news.

A.manyB.afewC.muchD.few

6.—Oh,thereisntenough_____forusinthelift.

—Itdoesntmatter,letswaitforthenext.

A.groundB.floorC.placeD.room

7.There_____anEnglishEveningnextTuesday.

A.wasB.willbeC.willhaveD.aregoingtobe

8.There_____afootballgameinourschool.

A.hasB.willhaveC.willbe

9.Thereisgoingto_____areport_____Chinesehistoryinourschoolthisevening.

A.have;onB.be;onC.have;forD.be;of

10.Thereis_____foodhere.Wellhavetobuysome.

A.anyB.someC.no

11.Thereis_____inthebag.Itsempty.

A.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.somebody

12.Thereis_____knockingatthedoor.Goandseewhoitis.

A.nobodyB.somebodyC.anybodyD.everybody

13.—Isthere_____wrongwithme,doctor?

—Imafraidso.Yourheartisbeatingabittooslow.

A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing

14.Thereis_____interestingonthischannel.Tryothers.

A.nothing

B.none

C.anything

D.no

15.Thereis_____interestinginthefilm,so_____isinterestedinit.

A.something;nobodyB.nothing;somebody

C.anything;anybodyD.nothing;nobody

16.Thereis_____intodaysnewspaper.

A.nothingnewB.anythingnew

C.newanythingD.newsomething

17.Thereis_____intodaysnewspaper.

A.newanythingB.newsomething

C.anythingnewD.somethingnew

18.Therewillbeavolleyballmatchinourschool,_____?

A.bethereB.isthere

C.willthereD.wontthere

19.Thereislittlewaterinthebottle.(改为反意疑问句)

Thereislittlewaterinthebottle,__________?

20.Thereissomethingunusualontheisland.(改为反意疑问句)

Thereissomethingunusualontheisland,__________?

Key:

●Therebe句型与中考试题

1—5DACCC

6—10DBCBC

11—15ABBAD

16—18ADD19.isthere20.isntthere

初中英语(新课标版)中考总复习冲刺材料6


A.熟记结构

被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p)”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的,其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为:

一般现在时:am/is/are+p.p.

一般过去时:was/were+p.p.

一般将来时:shall/willbe+p.p.

现在完成时:have/hasbeen+p.p.

现在进行时:am/is/are+being+p.p.

过去将来时:should/wouldbe+p.p.

含情态动词的被动结构:情态动词+be+p.p.例如:

①Chinese______bythelargestnumberofpeople.

A.speak

B.isspeaking

C.speaks

D.isspoken

(选D。考查一般现在时的被动语态)

②Theboy______togetsupperreadyafterschool.

A.weretold

B.istelling

C.wastold

D.tells

(选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态)

③Alotofnewroads______builtinthewestofChina.

A.must

B.mustbe

C.has

D.have

(选B。考查含情态动词的被动语态)

B.明确用法

被动语态常用于以下两种情况:

1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者;

2.强调动作的承受者。例如:

这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。

Thetree____________bythatboy.

(填wasbroken)

C.熟练转换

1.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为:

①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;

②谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;

③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by短语可以省略)。

2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的语序为:疑问词+一般疑问句。例如:

①Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce.

Thebrokenpottery________________________atonce.(同义句)

(填mustbethrownaway)

②Wheredidtheygrowvegetables?(改为被动语态)

Where______vegetables______?(填were;grown)

D.注意特例

将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况:

1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种方法:

①将间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语保持不变;

②将直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如:

①Hetoldusastory.(变被动语态)

→Weweretoldastory(byhim).或:Astorywastoldtousbyhim.

②Hermothergaveheranewpen.(变被动语态)

Anewpen__________________herbyhermother.

(填wasgivento)

2.短语动词的被动语态:在变为被动语态时,要将短语动词视为一个整体,其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如:

①Thisdictionarymustnt______fromthelibrary.

A.takeaway

B.takenaway

C.aretakenaway

D.betakenaway

[D]

②Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.(变被动语态)

Thechildrenwill______________________________(byher).

(填betakengoodcareof)

3.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时,通常将宾语变为被动句的主语,而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意:省略to的不定式作宾补时,不定式符号to必须补上。例如:

SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday.(变被动语态)

He__________________swiminQianlingLakeyesterday.

(填wasseento)

4.不定式的被动结构:动词不定式的被动语态为“tobe+过去分词”。例如:

Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto______inourcity.

A.bebuilding

B.build

C.bebuilt

D.built

[C]

5.以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序:应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语,但仍然放在句子开头。例如:

Whohasbrokenthecup?(改为被动语态)

→Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken?

E.注意区别

被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别:

1)含义不同:被动语态强调动作,重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成;而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景,叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较:

Thewindowisbroken.窗子破了。(系表结构)

Thewindowisbrokenbyhim.窗子被他打破了。(被动语态)

2)用法不同:过去分词作表语时可以被so,very,too等程度副词修饰,而被动语态则不能用so,very,too修饰,而需用much,verymuch,somuch,toomuch修饰。试比较:

Hewasveryinterestedinscience.他对科学有极大兴趣。(系表结构)

IwassomuchsurprisedatthescenethatIdidntknowwhattodo.我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊,不知所措。(被动语态)

F.牢记(相关)句型

初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有:

1.becoveredwith被……覆盖

2.bemadeof由……制作(发生物理变化)

bemadefrom由……制作(发生化学变化)

bemadein由(某地)制造

bemadeby被(某人)制造

3.beusedfor被用来……

beusedas被当作(作为)……来使用

beusedtodosth.被用来做某事

4.Itissaidthat...据说……

Itishopedthat...希望……

Itiswellknownthat...众所周知……例如:

①—Yourcoatlooksnice.Isit______cotton?

—Yes.ItsShanghai.

A.madeof;madeby

B.madeof;madein

C.madefor;madeby

D.madefor;madein

[B]

②Thismachineisused______theroomwet.

A.forkeeping

B.askeeping

C.keep

D.tokeeping

[A]

③据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。

__________________that____________isbeing______overtheChangjiangRiverinNanjing.

(填Itissaid;anotherbridge;built)

单项选择 

 I. 选出划线部分读音相异的词

 1.A.mindB.dinnerC.bridgeD.happily

 2.A.lotB.strongC.doctorD.front

 3.A.parkB.startC.largeD.quarter

 4.A.bornB.shortC.worldD.north

 5.A.footB.moonC.cookD.stood

 6.A.southB.thinC.eighthD.either

 II.选择填空

 7.LinTaois_______Class2,Grade3.

 A.ofB.onC.inD.at

 8.Mysister________herhomeworkeveryevening.

 A.doB.didC.doesD.doing

 9.Carsandbuses_______stopwhenthetrafficlightsturnred.

 A.canB.mustC.mayD.need

 10.---Imsorrytotroubleyou,MissGao.

---______.

 A.Thesametoyou.B.Fine,thanks.C.ThatsallrightD.Itdoesntmatter

 11.YoumaycallRobertThomasBrown.

 A.Mr.RobertB.Mr.ThomasC.Mr.Brown.D.Mr.RobertThomas

 12.Theneweveningdress_______her300yuan.

 A.spentB.tookC.payD.cost

 13.Jim______atthisschool____twoyearsago.

 A.hasbeen...forB.hasbeen...sinceC.havebeen...sinceD.havebeen...for

 14.Please____theradio.Itstooloud.

 A.turnoffturnonC.turndownD.turnup

 15.Mr.Blackcouldntbuy___manythings.

 A.heB.hisC.himselfD.himselves

 16.Couldyoutellme___thecomputer?

 A.howtouseB.tohowuseC.howuseD.howuseto

 17.Youdbetter___lateforthemeeting.

 A.nottoB.notbeC.nottobeD.not

 18.Brucestudies___Dick.

 A.sohardasB.asharderasC.ashardasD.ashardyas

 19.Myparents___teachersofmaths.

 A.allareB.areallC.bothareD.areboth

 20.----CouldIspeaktoMr.Smith,please?

 ----___.Hesgonetothepostoffice.

 A.IthinksoB.CertainlyyoucanC.ImafraidnotD.Imnotsure

 21.Theshopis____onweekdays.Butits____onweekends(周末).

 A.toopen...closedB.opens...closedC.open...closedD.opened...close

 22.Mybrotheraskedme___kite___.

 A.who...thiswasB.whose...thiswasC.whose...wasthisD.who...wasthis

 23.---___doyouwritetoyourmother?

--Onceamonth.

 A.HowsoonB.HowlongC.HowoftenD.Whattime

 24.Whosgoingto___careofthegardenwhileyouareaway?

 A.haveB.giveC.takeD.look

 25.TherearetwoChineseclassesonFriday,___?

 A.isthereB.arentthereC.arethereD.isntthere

 26.---Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?

---_______.

 A.Notatall.B.No,IwouldntC.No,thanksD.Yes,Ilikeit

 27.Doyouenjoy____popularmusic?

 A.tolistentoB.listeningtoC.tohearD.hearing

 28.Beforeyoudecidetobuyanewcoat,youmay___.

 A.tryitinB.tryinitC.tryonitD.tryiton

 29.Peopleplanttreestostopthesand__towardstherichfarmland.

 A.tomoveB.tomovingC.frommoveD.frommoving

 30.Thisjacket___cotton.

 A.makesofB.aremakeinC.ismadeofD.madein

 31.Theworkwas___difficult___ittookusquitealongtimetodoit.

 A.such...thatB.so...thatC.too...thatD.too...to

完型填空

AttheentrancetoabigofficeinLondontherewasabook.Allworkershadtowrite(1)when

they(2)eachmorning.Atnineoclock,themanager(经理)hadtodrawaredline(线)(3)

thelastnameinthebook,andanyonewhocameafterthathadtowritewhyhewas(4).When

therewasathick(5)inthecity,thefirstpersontoarrivelateusually(6)"Delayed(耽搁)by

fog"undertheredlineinthebook,andtheneverybody(7)whocameafterthetjustwrote"The

same".Butonefoggymorning,the(8)mantoarrivelatewrote"Mywifehadababyearlythis

morning"insteadof(代替)"Delayedbyfog"undertheredlineinthebook.Twenty(9)thirty

peoplewhocameafterwrote"(10)"asusual.

1.A.numbers B.times C.namesD.excuses

2.A.arrivedB.left C.gotup D.met

3.A.on B.beside C.aboveD.under 

4.A.out B.lateC.away D.sorry

5.A.rainB.fog C.snowD.traffic

6.A.foundB.understoodC.saidD.wrote

7.A.elseB.onlyC.or D.here

8.A.last B.first C.oldD.young

9.A.withB.of C.or D.but

10.A.NoB.YesC.OKD.Thesame

Passage1

WhenMartinwasalittleboy,helivedinthelittletown---Holthan.Atthattime,hethoughtthetownwasverybig.Well,Martincamebacktothetownlastnight,"Itsasmalltown!"hethought.

Thetownhaschangedverylittleinthepastfortyyears.ButMartinhaschangedalot.He

hasgrownintoaman.Histhought(思维)aremansthoughts.Heseesthingsthroughamans

eyes.Martinstayedinthetownforfivehours.Hewalkedfromstreettostreet,butheknew

nobody.WasHolthan,then,atownofstrangers(陌生人)?

No.Hesuddenlyunderstooditall.Onlyhewasastrangerofthetown.

初中英语(新课标版)中考总复习冲刺材料2


31.______you_______(look)foraball?Yes.Iam.

32.He_______always_______(try)outhisnewideas.

33.Theworldpopulation__________(grow)fasterandfaster.

34.What_______Lucy_________(wear)today?She_______(wear)adarkblueskirt.

35.______you_______(make)acake?No.I__________(make)dumplings.

36.It________(rain)hardnow.Ifit_________(notstop),we________(notgo)tothepark.

37.Thechildren________(go)theparknextweek.They________(have)agoodtimethere.

38.Hewithhisfather_________(play)footballtomorrow.

39.Myfriend_________(come)toseemeintwodays.

40.What______you_______(do)thisSunday?Nothingmuch.______we______(go)shopping?

That’sagoodidea.When______we______(meet)?

41.There__________(be)afootballmatchthedayaftertomorrow.

42.Jim__________(have)aswimthisevening.Afterthat,he________(do)hishomework.

43.ClassThree__________(nothave)anyclassesnextweek.

44.I________(buy)askirtformydaughternextmonth.

45._______you_______(start)yourhomework?Yes,butI_________(notfinish)ityet.

46.What________you________(do)withthelibrarybook?I_____just_______(return)it.

47.Excuseme.I________(lose)mycat._____you______(see)itanywhere?

48.IfI_______(lose)thebook,Imustpayforit.

49.I_______(come)togetmypanback..______you_______(finish)usingit?Notyet.

50._____youever_______(milk)acow?No,never.

51.Howlong_____you______(be)atthisschool?Fortwoyears.

52.He________(teach)inthisschoolfortenyears.I_________(live)heresincelastyear.

53.Morethantwodays________(pass)sinceweleft.

54._______you______(take)hertemperature?Yes,Ihave.I_______(have)acoldforaweek.

55._______you_______(sleep)well?Yes,I______(sleep)wellallnight.

56.I_______never________(hear)ofthatbefore.

56.Chinese_________(speak)bythelargestpeopleintheworld.

57.Thisbike_______(make)inShanghai.Bananas_________(grow)inthesouthofChina.

58.Metal_________(use)formakingmachines.

59.Sheep_________(keep)farmersforproducingwoolandmutton.

60.Thewatch_________(buy)twoyearsago.It_________(buy)fortwoyears.

61.Thebike_________(use)fortenyears.It________(break)downfortwomonths.

62.______you______(wear)italot?Yes.It_______(wear)fortenyears.

63.Theyoungtreemust__________(tie)tothestick.

64.Treesshould__________(plant)inspring.

65.Silk________(produce)inSuzhou.

66.Someofthethings________(show)inthemuseumnow.

67.ThePRC_________(found)onOctober1,1949.

68.Thelostboy_______(find)yesterday.

69.Thebook_________(write)inEnglishItcan__________(read)bymanypeople.

70.Oldpeopleshould___________(speak)topolitely.

71.Theteachershould____________(listen)tocarefully.

72.She_________(surprise)atthenewsjustnow.

73.She__________(see)torunintotheroombymefiveminutesago.

74.Theground_________(cover)withsnowinwinter.

75.Fruitshould__________(harvest)attherighttime.

76.Therearetwentymoretreesto___________(plant).

77.He________(mistake)forJimbythemanyesterday.

78.Greatchanges_________(happen)inthevillagesince1985.

79.Thecheapestpen________(choose)byhimatlast.

80.Thecarmust___________(drive)slowlybyoldmen.

综合练习:

1.Thegirl_____(draw)acoontheblackboardwithchalknow.

2.When_____you______(lose)thebook?

3.Howmanytimes______youruncle____(be)toDalian?Twice

4.Thegirlalways_______(prefer)Chinesetomaths.

5.Thegirl_______(learn)tomilksincelastyear.

6.–What`sthegirlcryingfor?---She______(cut)herfinger.

7.Stop______.(guess).MrsHuhastoldmewhowonthehighjump.

8.Thedogoften____(follow)theyoungmaneverywhere.

9.Canyou_______(guess)itisn`this?

0.Hurryup,oryou(catch)______thetrain.

11.Rechard________(give)youacallassoonasyoucomesback.

12.Thelittleboyhurthishead.He_____(need)anoperationatonce.

13.Don`tworry.We_______(send)forthepolicemen.

14.Myradio_______(break).Ican`tlistentoit.

15.Robertlayquietlywhilethedoctors________(operate)onhim.

16.Don`tworry.They_______(take)goodcareofyoursinifyougotosavethesoldiers.

17.Mostpeople_______(hate)thebadweather.

18.Thespy________(cover)theblankswhilethepolicemencamein.

19.Don`tgotoseehim.He_________(change)hismind.

20.Jim______(make)afewfriendssincehecametoChina.

21.Don`tworry.Theforeignchildren_______(get)onwellonwellwiththeirclassmates.

22.Who_______(wear)thesweateroutsidelastnight?

23.Look.Youbrother________(fight)withJohn.

24._______thedoor______?(lock)

25.Glasses_________(make)ofglass.

26.Silk_______(sell)insomeshopsinthetown..

27.Thefactory_________(produce)machines.

28.DoyouknowtheFrenchman/Yes,I__________(know)himfortwoyears.

29.Thefarmersoften_________(sell)theirvegetablesinthemarket.

30.Howmanytelevisions___________(make)inthefactorylastweek?

31.Athermosisusedfor_________(keep)thewaterhot.

32.Canthemotorbike_________?(ride)

33.Theoldwoman__________(lock)theboxwhenshegoesout.

34.Don’tbeafraid.Thedogmust_________(tie)tothetree.

35.Allthenewwords__________(notlook)upinthedictionaryyet.

36.Howmanybabies__________(bear)intheworldeveryyear”

37.Thewoman_______(have)ababythismorning.

38.Theshoesinyoursize__________(sell)out.

39.Jackfelloverwhilehe______(pass0thestickontothesecondrunner.

40.Sorry,Ikeptyou________(wait)solong.

41.Theboyisalwaysmade________(wash)hisfaceinthemorning.

42.What_______(be)thepopulationintheworldbytheendofthiscentury?

43.MrBrownhasstoppedsmokingsincehe________(operate)on?

44.Tomsaidhe______(be)ateacherwhenhegrewup.

45.Hisjacket_______(wear)out.Hewantstobuyanewone.

46.Thewoman_______(seem)alwaysangry.

47.Willyougotoseethefilm?Thanks,but_________(see)it?

48.MissLi________(be)Washingtonforoneandahalfyears.

49.Whenwillyoufinish______thebook?(write)

50.I______(leave)mypeninthebedroom.Ihavetowritewithapencil.

51.Stoptalking.Theheadmaster_________(come).

52.Thebookcan________(keep)fortwoweeks.

53.Aftersuppershewenton_________(do)herhomework.

54.Itwasacoldnight.Anoldman_______(lie)underachairinthepark.

55.Doctors_________(need)ineverypartoftheworld.

56.She______(say)sheworksinanoffice.

57.Hisfather________(die)fortwomonths.

58.Bytheendofthismonth,Bill________(catch)upwithBruce.

59.Why_______youalways______(follow)me?

60.Thegirl_______(hurry)offjustnow.

61.Howmuch________you_______(spend)onthenexttravel?

62.MrBrown_______(come)intenminutes

63.Allthechildren________(take)goodcareofintheschool.

64.I________(go)withyouifyouagreewithme.

65.What_______(happen)atthecornerofthestreetnow?

66.Theyoungmanwasverylazy,sohe________(send)away.

67.Thewoman________(nothear)fromherhusbandsincelastApril.

68.Theboywassadbecausehisteam_______(beat).

69.Twooftheplayers_____(hurt)whileplayingfootball.

70.Pleasegoandseeafilmwithmewhenyou______(finish)

71.Howsoon_____you______(go)againtoChengdu?

72.Couldyoutellmewhat_______(grow)intheSouth?

73.Hislittlesister______still_____(sleep)whenhe______(get)upyesterday.

74.I`llpassthemessageontoLunyassoonasI________(see)hernextweek.

75.Mum_______(have)supperatsixeveryevening.

76.What______this_____(call)inEnglish?

77.Doyoufeellike______(walk)tothecornerwithme?

78.Eachofthepupils_______anhourtofinishthepaperyesterday.(give)

79.Youruncle_____underthetree,isn`the?(lie)

80.Heaskedmeifit_______(rain)thenextmorning.

81.You`dbetter_______(go)toseeadoctor.

82.We______(learn)overtenEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.

83.Theteam______(choose)yesterdayafternoon.

84.Hedoesn`tletus________(draw)onthewall.

85.Ilike_______(read)inbed.

86.It______(get)late,Imustgohome.

87.Neitherofus_______(have)muchtime.

88.Itgetstoohotfor_______(climb)

89.Hismother______(be)anursefornearlytenyears.

90.Bequite!Thebaby______(sleep).

91.Anewbridge_______(build)intheparklastyear.

92.Lucy______(do)herhomework.You`dbetter_____(turn)offtheTVset.

93.I_____(see)himyesterday.

94.Hersister______(learn)todrawsinceshewasfour.

95.Awoman_______(see)gointotheboy`sroom.

96.I_______(call)youassoonasIgettoBeijing.

97.Idon`tknowwhenshe______(return),butwhenshe_____(return).

98.Ifthere______(be)nowater,there_____(be)nolivingthingsontheearth.

99.I______(receive)aletteryesterday.It(write)bymybrother.He_______(stay)inHainan.He_____(be)therefornearlyayear.Inhisletter,he_____(say)he_____(return)toXuzhouthenextmonth.Ifhe_________(come)back,he______(leave).Andanewtheatre_____(build)nearourhome.It_____(finish)intwoweeks.

100.MyfriendLi_______(get)awatch.He_______(have)itfortwoyears.It_____(make)inatown.He_______(buy)itinastreetmarketand______(wear)ittoschoolalmosteveryday.Buthe________(like)it.It_______(have)often______(break)down.Hewouldlikeabetterone.Nexttimehe______(buy)onefromashop.

宾语从句:宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。由下列词引导,

1.由that引导(that在口语中可省略)

Hesaid(that)hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.

Shesaid(that)shewouldleaveamessageonhisdesk.

HewasafraidthathewouldforgethisChinese.

2.接连接代词或连接副词引导.(what.who.which.whose/where,when,how……).

Doyouknowwhattimethetrainleaves?

Canyoutellmewhichclassyouarein?

Iwantedtoknowwhereweshouldshowourtickets.

3.whether或if引导

Lilywantedtoknowifitwouldrainthenextday.

SheaskediftheywouldgototheparkthisSunday.

*在选择疑问句中,或与ornot连用时,必须用whether而不能用if。

变宾语从句需要注意以下几点:

a.时态变化:主句是一般现在时,从句可以是任何时态

主句是过去时,从句必须是过去时态的一种

主句是将来时,从句必须是一般现在时。

B.人称变化:不常用如:Heaskedme.“Areyouateacher?”

HeaskedmeifIwasateacher。

C.语序变化:WhereisMike?Doyouknow?

DoyouknowwhereMikeis?

Practise:

1.Hesaid.Theboyisacleverboy.

2.Heissure.Histeamcanbeatthem

3.Hewasafraid.Itwillbewindytomorrow.

4.Hesaid.Thelostbookwasfounded.

5.Hehopes….Hewillbeabletopasstheexam.

6.Heasked…..Whenwillthebusarrive?

7.Motheraskedherson….Whosepenareyouusing?

8.Thechildrensaid…..weenjoyourselvesverymuch.

9.Theboyaskedme…..Haveyouheardanynoisefromoutside?

10.Doyouknow….Whichwaymustwetaketo?

11.Idon’tknow…..Whyishelateforthemeeting?

12.Doyouremember…Whendidhedie?

13.Nobodyknows…Whenwillhecomeback?

14.Doyouknow…Whataretheylookingfor?

15.Heaskedme…Howlongdoesittaketowalktoschool?

16.Fatheraskedme…Whatiswrongwithyou?

17.Ididn’tknow…Heisgoingtohaveaboy.

18.Theyneverasked…Willitbeaboyoragirl?

19.Hedidn’tknow…populationisabigproblem.

20.Ithought…Hewillcomebacksoon.

21.Heaskedme…WhichTVprogrammewillyouwatch?

22.Idon’tknow…Willitgrowfast?

23.Lilyasked…Canthemanhelpthem

24.MotheraskedDotheyhaveacheaperone?

25.SheaskedLucy…Doyouneedsomemoretea?

26.Theteacheraskedus…Doyouhaveanyquestions?

27.Heasked…WhatdidLucysay?

28.Shedidn’tknow…Whowasintheroom?

29.Theywantedknow…Whatisinthestockings?

30.Heasked…Whatishispresent?

31.Heasked…DidJimhaveagoodjourneyhome?

32.Hewantedtoknow…WasitwarminMoscow?

33.Heasked…WhereisJack?

34.Hewantedtoknow…Whathashappened?

35.Heasked…Isanybodyhurt?

时间状语从句:常用下列词语when、after、before、assoonas、(not)until、since

关于主、从句的时态关系与宾语从句一致

1.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenhecamein.

2.IwillwritetoyouassoonasIgetthere.

3.Iwillfinishthecookingbeforemymothercomesback.

4.Ididn`tgotobeduntilmymotherreturnedhome

条件状语从句:1.Wewon`tgototheparkifitrainstomorrow.

2.Ifyouhavelostthebook,youmustpayforit.

原因状语从句:常用下列词语because,for,as,so

1.IamlatebecauseImissedthetrain.

2.Hewaslazysohedidn`tpasstheexam.

综合练习:用适当的词填空

1.Youcannotgototheclassroom_____theyarehavingalesson.

2.______theyarrivedatthetheatre,theplayhadalreadybegun.

3.TomspeaksEnglish____well____anEnglishman.

4._______Iwaswalkinginthepark,ImetTom

5._______Ihaddonemyhomework,Iwenthome.

6.______shegothome,shebegantowashherclothes.

7.Tom`smotherhadbeenateacher_____shewastwenty.

8.Iwaited______hehadfinishedhiswork.

9.Youwillstudy_______youstudyhard.

10.______hehastime,hewillcomeandseeusinChangchun.

11.Idon`tlikewinterthere____itisverycold.

(共19讲)

名词当然是大家都很熟悉的了,我们吃的food,喝的drinks,穿的clothes都是名词。Itiseasy,right?但是你可能被名词的单复数变化、名词作定语以及名词所有格等问题搞得糊里糊涂的,到底该怎么用呢?OK,followme。

First,名词复数的特殊变化。

普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或-es,可是偏偏有一些名词不听话,变化不规则。这些小调皮是:

a.class,box,watch,brush等词以s,x,ch,sh,结尾,复数要加-es;

b.story,factory等以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词复数要先将-y变成-i再加-es;

c.knife,wife,life等以-f或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v,再加-es;

d.以-o结尾的名词,一般来说,末尾是"元音字母+o"的词加-s,我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是"辅音字母+o"的词,变复数加-es。如:tomato,hero,potato,当然其中的piano和photo,又是一个例外,他们的结尾只能加-s。

e.child(children),foot(feet),tooth(teeth),mouse(mice),man(men),woman(women)等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。

注意:与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。如:anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen.但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;

f.deer,sheep等词更是懒得可以,竟然单复数同形。好记好记。people,police,cattle等词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数,所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式,这就是集体名词。theEnglish,theFrench,theChinese等名词表示国民总称时,也作复数用。

注意:maths,politics,physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾,仍为不可数名词。还有theUnitedStates(美国),theUnitedNations(联合国)等应视为单数。

别奇怪,名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数,但也有以下例外。

a.man,woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如:men workers,womenteachers。

b.数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如:aten-milewalk十里路,two-hundredtrees两百棵树。

哇!这些问题好复杂,我好想轻松一下。那我们就轻轻松松地面对名词所有格问题。

这里面内容可谓少之又少,可也不能小视呦。

名词所有格:

表示“……的”通常是在名词的后面加-s,如:Childrensday,fathersshoes。但以-s结尾的名词因为已经有s了,只需加就OK了。如果两个名词并列,并且分别有s,.则表示“分别有”。.如:JohnsandMarysroom(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);两个名词并列,只有一个s,则表示"共有"。如:JohnandMarysroom(约翰和玛丽共有一间)。

还有些无生命名词的所属要用介词of来帮助一下,如:amapofChina,theendofthisterm。

好,名词部分我们已经学完,Itsapieceofcake?接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了,

Areyouready?

练习:

1.Allthe_____teachersand______studentsarehavingameetingthere.

 A.women…girls

 B.women…girl

 C.woman…girls

 D.woman…girl

 2.MrBlackisafriendof_________.

 A.Jacksaunts

 B.Jacksaunt

 C.Jackaunts

 D.auntsofJack

 3.Thistoywasmadebya____boy.

 A.ten-year-old

 B.ten-years-old

 C.ten-year-older

 D.ten-years-older

 4.Thefarmerraisedten_________.

 A.sheeps

 B.deers

 C.horse

 D.cows

 5.Shelookedatussadlywithhereyesaslargeas_________.

 A.hergrandmother

 B.hergrandmothers

 C.hergrandmothers

 D.thatofhergrandmother

 6.Wehavemovedintoa________.

 A.two-storeyhouse

 B.houseoftwostorey

 C.two-storeyshouse

 D.twostoreyshouse

 7.The______wastoomuchforthechildtocarry.

 A.boxssteel

 B.boxofasteel

 C.steelbox

 D.boxofthesteel

 8.WellgiveourEnglishteacheracardfor_________.

 A.theTeachersDay

 B.TeachersDay

 C.aTeachersDay

 D.TeachersDay

 9.LiPingmetanoldfriendof_______onatrainyesterday.

 A.he

 B.him

 C.his

 D.her

 10._________arebigandbright.

 A.Theclassroomwindow

 B.Thewindowoftheclassroom

 C.Thewindowsoftheclassroom

 D.Theclassroomswindows

 

实战:

1.Dontworry.Yoursonwillcomebackin______hour.

 A.a

 B.an

 C.the

 D./

 2.Thisniceblouseisntmine.Its______.

 A.you

 B.your

 C.Lucy

 D.yours

 3.Whats"potato"inChinese? -Its_____.

 A.香蕉

 B.大白菜

 C.西红柿

 D.土豆

 4.Theninthmonthofayearis_______.

 A.December

 B.November

 C.September

 D.October

 5.A:MustIleavenow?

B:No,you_______.

 A.neednt

 B.mustnt

 C.dont

 D.wont

 6.Wehaveahistorylesson______Wednesdayafternoon.

 A.on

 B.of

 C.at

 D.to

 7.Suanhasmadequite______friendssinceshecametoChina.

 A.few

 B.afew

 C.little

 D.alittle

 8.A:Haveyouever______totheWestLake?

B:Yes,I______therelastwinter.

 A.gone,went

 B.been,went

 C.gone,havebeen

 D.been,have

 9.Doyou________English?

 A.tell

 B.say

 C.talk

 D.speak

 10.A:MayI_______yourruler?

B:OK,Imgladto_______ittoyou.

 A.lend,borrow

 B.lend,lend

 C.borrow,lend

 D.borrow,borrow

 11.Wellgotothemuseumifit_______tomorrow.

 A.cantrain

 B.wontrain

 C.dontrain

 D.doesntrian

 12.Doyouknow________?

 A.wheredoeshestudy

 B.hestudieswhere

 C.wherehestudies

 D.hewherestudies

 13.A:_______doyougotoseeyourgrandparents?

B:Onceamonth

 A.Howoften

 B.Howlong

 C.howmuch

 D.howmany

 14.A:Wouldyoulikeanothercupoforange?

B:______Imfull.

 A.No,thanks

 B.Yes,please.

 C.Hereitis.

 D.Idontlike.

 15.Youmustbetired.Whynot________arest?

 A.tostoptohave

 B.stophaving

 C.stoptohave

 D.tostophaving

我们刚刚讲完了名词,现在再来看看名词的brother—代词。它与名词的作用其实很相似,所担当的句中成分也相差不多。但也别小看代词呀!它还有很多的“小个性”呢!只要抓住它的几个“小脾气”,那么你就可以牢牢地掌握它了。

代词中第一个“小个性”就是物主代词。像my和mine这两个小冤家总是让人分不清谁是谁。但你只要记住它们最重要的区别—my的后面一定要接名词,不可以单独出现,只能做定语,如:myfather;而mine则是名词性,只能单独出现,在句中做主语和表语。如:Mineisgreen.Itsmine.记住这两个句子,凡是名词性物主代词(yours,hers,his,its,ours,theirs)就都可以放在mine的位置上了。这样,通过它们出现的位置不同,我们就可以把它们区别开了。

代词的第二个“罗嗦”就是它有一个小跟班-self(selves)—反身代词,也就是表示“自己、亲自”的意思。关于反身代词,需要注意的是她不能单独做主语,但可以放在人称代词后面,做同位语。如:Marryherselfsaidso.玛丽她自己这么说的。(不能说Herselfsaidso.)下面我给你开点小灶,单独讲一讲须“特特”注意的地方。

Of+名词性物主代词:of+物主代词构成双重所有格。公式为:a(an,this,that)+名词+of+名词性物主代词。牢记公式,举一反三。因为物主代词不可与a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,no,each,every,such,another等词一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格。如:afriendofmine(我的一个朋友),eachbrotherofhis(他的每一个兄弟).

 some,any的用法:我们都知道some用于肯定句中,而any则用于否定句和疑问句中。所以somebody,someone也用于肯定句中,而anybody、anyone则用于否定和疑问句中。

注意:在Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?(要来点咖啡吗?)这样的肯定疑问句中,说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答时,用some而不用any。

every和each的用法:every强调全体的概念,指三个以上的人或物(含三个),不可单独使用;each强调个体概念。指两个以上的人或物(含两个),可单独使用.。Everystudentinourschoolworkshard.(我们学校的学生都很用功。)Eachstudentmayhaveonebook..(每个学生都可有一本书。)

both,either,neither的用法:

both意为“两者全都”,与复数连用。either意为“两者中间的任何一个”,neither表示“两者之间一个也不是”,与单数连用。如:BothofthethemcomefromLondon。他们两人都是伦敦人。Youmaytakeeitherwithyou。两个中间你随便带哪个都行。Neitheriscorrect。两个都不对。

Few,afew和little,alittle的用法:

Few,afew用来代替和修饰可数名词,little,alittle用来代替和修饰不可数名词;afew和alittle着重肯定意思,相当于汉语“有几个”,“有一点儿”;few和little着重否定意思,相当于汉语“没有几个”,“没有多少”

OK,代词部分我们已经学完,Itsapieceofcake?接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了,

Areyouready?

练习:

1.Wehadplentyofpaperbut______ink.

 A.afew

 B.few

 C.notmany

 D.notmuch

 2.Learningaforeignlanguageisespeciallydifficultforthosewhohavehaveneverlearned______before.

 A.one

 B.it

 C.them

 D.that

 3.Wereverybusybecauseweveso______bookstoreadandso_______homeworktodoeveryday.

 A.much...many

 B.many...much

 C.many...alot

 D.alot...much

 4.Ithought______ofthematterbutstillcouldntfindoutthereason.

 A.every

 B.both

 C.nothing

 D.everything

 5.Mycarisnotsoexpensiveas________.

 A.him

 B.hes

 C.he

 D.his

 6.LilyandLucyhavearrived,but_______studentsarenthereyet.

 A.other

 B.others

 C.theother

 D.theothers

 7.Therearehighbuildingson______sideofthestreet.

 A.both

 B.every

 C.any

 D.either

 8.-Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforbreakfast?

-______eggsand______milk.

 ALittle...afew

 B.Alittle...alittle

 C.Afew...alittle

 D.Afew...afew

 9.______isdifficultintheworldifyouputyourheartintoit.

 A.Something

 B.Anything

 C.Nothing

 D.Everything

 10.Isthisstorythesameas______inthatbook?

 A.theone

 B.what

 C.that

 D.it

实战:

1.Thereis_________oldwomaninthecar.

 A.不填

 B.the

 C.a

 D.an

 2.Weoftengotothepark_______Sundays.

 A.on

 B.in

 C.at

 D.from

 3.Mybook________onthedesk.

 A.is

 B.am

 C.are

 D.be

 4.Whichlanguageis________,English,FrenchorChinese?

 A.difficult

 B.thedifficult

 C.moredifficult

 D.themostdifficult

 5.-________bookisthis?

-ItsKates.

 A.when

 B.Why

 C.Where

 D.whose

 6.-CanyouwritealetterinEnglish?

-No,I_____.

 A.maynot

 B.mustnt

 C.cant

 D.neednt

 7.I________myhomeworkwhenMikecamelastnight.

 A.do

 B.wasdoing

 C.amdoing

 D.havedone

 8.Hebeganto________Englishthreeyearsago.

 A.learn

 B.learns

 C.learned

 D.learning

 9.Jimisadriver,_______he?

 A.does

 B.doesnt

 C.is

 D.isnt

 10."Whatswrong_________you?"thedoctorasked.

 A.from

 B.with

 C.for

 D.at

 11.Heisrich,________heisnthappy.

 A.or

 B.so

 C.and

 D.but

 12.-WhereisAlice?

-She__________tothelibrary.

 A.goes

 B.willgo

 C.hasgone

 D.hadgone

 13."Help_________tosomefish,Mary."Myauntsaidtome.

 A.themselves

 B.ourselves

 C.yourself

 D.himself

 14.Wellstayathomeifit________tomorrow.

 A.rain

 B.rains

 C.israining

 D.willrain

 15.Thestudents_________onafarmfortendays.Thenthey_________toafactory.

Thoughthey_______backschool,theystillrememberthosefarmersandworkers.

 A.havestayed,went,was

 B.hadstayed,go,are

 C.havestayed,go,havebeen

 D.havestayed,went,were

Springiscoming.Thetreesaregreen,andtheflowersare beautiful.

多么美的季节啊!我们要去郊游,去感受、去描绘我们周围美好的事物。形容词会帮你忙。可是形容词怎么使用起来老出错呀?不是放错了位置,搞错了级别,就是在使用多个形容词作定语时排错了顺序。当然了,形容词使用时需要遵循一些规则的。想知道吗?接着往下看。

 abeautifullittlenewwhitewoodenhouse从这个长长的词中可以看出多个形容词作

定语时排列有一定的先后顺序。它们往往遵循以下规律:冠词或人称代词所有格+数词+性质+大小+形状+表示老少、新旧+颜色+事物质地、人的国籍、用途。其实,你大可不必这样费神记,只要记住我给你的句子就可以了。

 Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike。这句话可能让你挠挠头皮,为什么wrong放在

something的后面呢?原来虽然大部分形容词做定语时的位置是放在名词之前的,但当形容词所修饰的词为something,anything,nothing,everything等以-thing为字尾的词语时,形容词要后置。

 形容词级别问题:

 a.Ourclassroomistwicelargerthantheirs。(我们的教室是他们的两倍。)这种表示倍数的句子用…times+形容词比较级+than…这样的格式。你记住了吗?

b.Imthreeyearsolderthanyou.(我比你大三岁。)表示"大三岁,""高二厘米"等时用"表示数量词的词+比较级"。

 c."越来越……"用"比较级+and+比较级"来表示。如:Theearthisgettingwarmerandwarmer。(地球变得越来越暖和。)

 d."越……就越……"用"the+比较级…,the+比较级…"来表示。如:Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels。(他越忙,越觉得高兴。)

 最高级用法的用法就很简单了,提醒你一点,最高级要用于三者以上。还有几点是不得不提的:

alone和lonely:Ifeellonely,becauseIamaloneathome.你独自一人在家用

"alone"表示"单独的"、"独自一人的",它表示一个客观事实,在句中只能做表语。你在家感到寂寞,

用"lonely",表示主观上感到"孤独""寂寞",指一种悲伤忧郁的情绪,可作定语和表语。

 older和elder:Jackisolderthanme,heismyelderbrother.杰克比我大要用"older",表示"年纪大的,年老的",常用做表语;他是我的长兄用"elder",表示"年老的,年长的",用做定语,只用于比较两个人的长幼,只能作表语。

接下来又到了我们趁热打铁的时间了,你准备好了吗?

练习:

1.Tonyisgoingcampingwith___boys.

 A.littletwoother

 B.twolittleother

 C.twootherlittle

 D.littleothertwo

 2.Whichisthe_______country,JapanorAustralia?

 A.moredeveloped

 B.moredeveloping

 C.mostdeveloped

 D.mostdeveloping

 3.-HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?

-Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends,andspentthe___daysattheseaside.

 A.fewlastsunny

 B.lastfewsunny

 C.lastsunnyfew

 D.fewsunnylast

 4.Thebooksarenot________tobepublished.

 A.enoughintersting

 B.interestingenough

 C.sointeresting

 D.toointeresting

 5.Whatsyour_______sports?

 A.themostfavorite

 B.mostfavorite

 C.favorite

 D.thefavorite

 6.Theres________withtherecorder

 A.anythingwrong

 B.wronganything

 C.somethingwrong

 D.wrongsomething

 7.Hissisteris_______thanhe.

 A.youngerfiveyears

 B.fiveyearsyounger

 C.fiveyearyounge

 D.fiveyoungeryears

 8.-WeshouldspeakEnglishinandafterclass.

-Yes,_____,________.

 A.more,better

 B.themore,thebette

 C.much,better

 D.theoften,thebetter

 9.Theoldmanlivesalone,hefeels________.

 A.alone

 B.lonely

 C.lone

 D.alonely

 10.Ithinkbananasare________ofallthefruits.

 A.delicious

 B.muchdelicious

 C.moredelicious

 D.themostdelicious

实战:

1.-WhatsthisinEnglish?

-Its______apple.

 A.a

 B.an

 C.the

 D.不填

 2.Iwasborn________February18,1981.

 A.on

 B.in

 C.at

 D.of

 3.Thereisnt______waterintheglass.

 A.some

 B.lots

 C.many

 D.any

 4.-"________doyouwatchTV?"

-"Twiceaweek."

 A.Howlong

 B.Howfar

 C.Howoften

 D.Howmany

 5.Ihavetwopencils,oneislong,_______isshort.

 A.another

 B.other

 C.theother

 D.others

 6.Theyarepoor,_______theyarealwayshappy.

 A.and

 B.but

 C.or

 D.so

 7._______beautifultheflowersare!

 A.How

 B.What

 C.Howa

 D.Whata

 8.-"Doyou________English?"

-"Onlyalittle."

 A.tell

 B.speak

 C.say

 D.talk

 9.Thereareabout_________studentsinourgrade.

 A.twohundredsandtwenty-five

 B.twohundredsandtwentyfive

 C.twohundredandtwenty-five

 D.twohundredtwenty-five

 10.HisnameisRobertThomasBrown.Thestudentscallhim________.

 A.MrRobert

 B.MrThomas

 C.MrThomasBrown

 D.MrBrown

 11.Yourbooksarehere,whereare_________?

 A.my

 B.mine

 C.I

 D.me

 12.Shewillwritetomesasoomasshe_______inParis.

 A.willarrive

 B.arrive

 C.arriving

 Darrives

 13.-"Itsafineday,______?"

-"Yes,letsgooutforawalk."

 A.isit

 B.itis

 C.isntit

 D.itisnt

 14.Couldyoutellus________?

 A.whenwillthemeetingstart

 B.whenthemeetingwillstart

 C.themeetingwillstartwhen

 D.thenmeetingwhenwillstart

 15.-"Mybikeisbroken,canyoumendit?"

-"Sorry,______."

 A.Icant

 B.Iwont

 C.Ican

 D.Idont

学完了形容词,副词讲解起来会更容易一些。一般认为形容词+ly就变成了副词,如形容词quick

加上-ly变成副词quickly。但是象friendly,lovely虽然以ly结尾,但实则是形容词,Sheisfriendlytome(她对我很友好。)可千万不要误认为是副词哟!

副词可修饰动词、形容词和副词,这些用法相信大家已经掌握。那我们挑选一下易混、易用错的来详细讲解一下。

already和yet:

WhereisTom?Hehasntcomeyet.ButJackisalreadyhere.这句话中又是already,又有yet,是怎么回事吗?原来already和yet意思虽然相同,但用法有点小区别。表示事情早已发生或提前发生用already,一般放于句中,用于肯定句和疑问句。含有already的肯定句,变为否定句时,要将already变为yet,且放在句尾。yet表示预料要发生的事未发生,位于句尾,一般用于否定句和疑问句中。

还迷糊吗?再迷糊,只好再看一看上面的例句喽。

hard和hardly:

hard,hardly两者虽然只有-ly之差,意义却大不相同。hard表示"辛苦,使劲,努力,"如:He

worksveryhard.(他学习非常努力。)而hardly为否定副词,表示"几乎不"。如:Theboxissoheavythathecouldhardlycarryit.(这箱子是那么沉,他几乎搬不动。)

ago和before:

 ago不能单独使用,应与threedays(months,weeks)等连用,而且和动词的过去时连用。如:Imetmyneighbouranhourago.Before之前有"一段时间"时,指"距这段时间以前",和过去完成时连用。如:Hesaidhehadfinishedtheworktwodaysbefore.(他说他两天前已完成了工作。)如果before单独使用,是泛指"以前",常常和完成时连用。如:Ihaveseenthefilmbefore.(我以前没看过这部电影。)

farther和further:

far有两种比较级,farther,further.在英语中两者都可指距离。如:Herunsfartherthanshedoes.(他比她跑得远。)在美语中,farther表示距离,further表示进一步。如:Ihavenothingfurthertosay.(我没什么要说的了。)

至于副词的比较级和最高级问题,参照形容词的就OK了。

试试趁热打铁如何?

练习:

1.Theteacherwasveryangryanddecidedtosend______school,sohewasntastudentanylonger.

 A.awayhimfrom

 B.himawayfromthe

 C.awayhimoutof

 D.himawayfrom

 2._______,hedidntfailintheEnglishexam.

 A.Luck

 B.Lucky

 C.Luckily

 D.Luckly

 3.-Areyoufeeling____?

-Yes,Imfinenow.

 A.anywell

 B.anybetter

 C.quitegood

 D.quitebetter

 4.Themorewelookedatthepicture,_________.

 A.thelesswelikedit

 B.welikeitless

 C.betterwelikeit

 D.itlookedbetter

 5.Afterthenewmachinewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced___shoesin1988astheyearbefore.

 A.astwicemany

 B.asmanytwice

 C.twiceasmany

 D.twicemanyas

 6.OurEnglishneedstobe______improved.

 A.farther

 B.farthest

 C.further

 D.far

 7.Whatapity!Lucyran_______moreslowlythanLily.

 A.afew

 B.much

 C.alittle

 D.little

 8.Heisrunning_______now.

 A.moreslowlyandmoreslowly

 B.slowlierandslowlier

 C.moreandmoreslowly

 D.slowlyandslowly

 9.Lastnightmyfatherwentback_________laterthanbefore.

 A.quite

 B.very

 C.even

 D.muchmore

 10.Thesickmanwastoothintogoany_______.

 A.far

 B.farther

 C.further

 D.farthest