2017年中考英语二轮语法感叹句专题复习材料。
老师在新授课程时,一般会准备教案课件,大家在用心的考虑自己的教案课件。写好教案课件工作计划,才能使接下来的工作更加有序!你们清楚有哪些教案课件范文呢?下面是小编为大家整理的“2017年中考英语二轮语法感叹句专题复习材料”,希望能为您提供更多的参考。
中考考点十三:感叹句中考资讯导航:感叹句主要考查what与how引导的感叹句。
一、结构:
What/How+被感叹的部分+主语+谓语!
Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!
二、变法:
一断,二加,三调位。
一断表示在谓语动词的后面断开,二加表示在断开的两部分中间加what或how,三调位表示前后两部分对调位置。
Theyhadagoodtimeyesterday.
一断:Theyhad/agoodtimeyesterday.
二加:Theyhad(what)agoodtimeyesterday.
三调位:Whatagoodtimetheyhadyesterday.
三、what引导的感叹句:
1.what+a/an+adj+单数名词(+主语+谓语)!
_______acleverboyheis!
2.what+adj+复数名词(+主语+谓语)!
_______heavyboxestheyare!
3.what+adj+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
_______badweather!
四、how引导的感叹句:
1.How+adj/adv+主语+谓语!_________hardtheyareworking!
2.How+adj+a/an+单数名词(+主语+谓语)!Howtallaboyheis!
3.How+adj/adv+the+名词+谓语!________heavilytherainisfalling!
五、what与how引导的感叹句之间的转换:
1.Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!=______beautifulthegirlis!
2.Howdeliciousthefoodis!=______deliciousfooditis!
六、几个常见的感叹句:
1.______greatfunitis!2.______importantinformation!
3.______goodnews!4.______goodadvice/music!
5.______aheavyrain!6.______astrongwind!
七、感叹句中常见的不可数名词:
food,work,weather,fun,music,information,news,advice
练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!
()1._______acleverboyheis!
A.WhatB.HowC.What’s
()2._______shedances!
A.HowgoodB.HowwellC.Whatwell
()3._______quiettheparkis!
A.WhataB.HowC.Howa
()4._____hisfatherworks!
A.HowcarefulB.HowcarefullyC.Whatcareful
()5.._______hard-workingChinesepeople!
A.HowB.WhatC.Howdo
()6.______delicioussoup!
A.HowB.WhatC.Whata
()7.______heavysnow!
A.WhataB.WhatC.How
()8.____oldbikeLiLeiisriding!
A.WhataB.WhatanC.How
()9.______excitingmomentitis!
A.HowB.HowanC.Whatan
()10.________fineweatheritistoday!
A.HowB.WhataC.What
()11._____themooncakesare!
A.HowdeliciousB.WhatdeliciousC.Whatadelicious
()12.____surprisingnewsitis!
A.HowB.WhatC.Whata
()13.____timewe’rehavingtoday!
A.WhatagoodB.HowgoodC.Whatgood
()14.Look!______beautifulthatlakeis!
A.HowB.WhatC.Whata
()15.________slowlyTomruns!
A.HowB.WhatC.Whata
()16._____lovelythesnowlooks!
A.WhatB.HowC.Whata
()17.________usefulinformationitis!
A.WhatanB.HowC.What
()18._______beautifulflowerstheyare!
A.HowB.WhatC.Whata
()19._______beautifulmusicwearelisteningto!
A.HowB.WhataC.What
()20.________itistoday!
A.WhatfineweatherB.WhatafineweatherC.Howafineweather
()21.Whatcanyouseeinthegarden?-Flowers.________beautifultheyare!
A.WhatB.HowC.Howa
精选阅读
2017年中考英语二轮专题复习材料语法专题-动词
每个老师上课需要准备的东西是教案课件,大家静下心来写教案课件了。需要我们认真规划教案课件工作计划,才能对工作更加有帮助!你们到底知道多少优秀的教案课件呢?为满足您的需求,小编特地编辑了“2017年中考英语二轮专题复习材料语法专题-动词”,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
中考专题五:动词
动词是表示动作(study,find,swim等)或状态(be,like,feel等)的词。动词具有人称、数量、时态、语态和语态变化。
知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!
动词分类:动词有助动词、情态动词、联系动词和行为动词(实义动词)四类。
一)助动词
助动词没有任何含义,不能单独做谓语,只能和行为动词一起构成谓语,帮助行为动词组成各种时态、语态、语气以及疑问或否定形式。常见的助动词有be,do,does,did,have,will,shall等。具体用法如下:
1、助动词be的用法如下:
1)构成各种进行时态。如:Itwasrainingalldayyesterday.昨天整天下雨。
2)构成被动语态。如:
Themeetingwasheldyesterdayafternoon.会议是昨天下午举行的。
3)与不定式连用表示按照计划、预先安排或规定要发生的动作。如:
TheyaretoseeanEnglishfilmthisevening.他们今天晚上看英语电影。
2、助动词do的用法如下:
1)构成疑问式或否定式。如:
Doeshethinkso?Ididn’tsayanythingabouttheresult.
2)在动词前加上do,does,did表示强调,意为“的确,确实”。如:
Theydostudyhard.Shedoeslovehim.Hedidwanttohelptheoldman.
3)可以用作代动词,代替句子中已经出现的实义动词,以避免重复。如:
—Whojumpshighestinyourclass?—Jimdoes.(不说Jimjumps)
3、have:助动词have的过去式是had。have和had均可与动词过去分词一起构成完成时态。如:
Hehaslivedhereforthreeyears.
Assoonasthesunhadsettheyreturned.
4、shall,should:助动词shall只用于第一人称的将来时态;助动词should是shall的过去式,构成过去将来时。如:Ishallsendtenletterstomygoodfriend.
ShewantedtoknowifIshouldgotothepalace.
二)情态动词
情态动词本身有一定含义,但不能单独作谓语,要和行为动词一起构成谓语。它们也能表明句子的否定、疑问或时态上的区别。常见的情态动词有:can,may,must,need,should等。
一.情态动词的用法
1.can用法
1)表示能力,与beableto同义,但can只用于现在时和过去时,beableto可用于各种时态。
Twoeyescanseemorethanone.
注:Canyou…?Yes,Ican/No,Ican’t.
2).表示允许、请求
用could比can语气更加委婉客气,常用于couldI/you…..?句型中,若表示同意时,用can回答而不用could.
CouldIborrowthebook?No,youcan’t.
3)。表示推测“可能”常用于否定句或疑问句中。(can’t表示一定不是)
Itcan’tbetrue.
Canitbetrue?
2.may用法
1)表允许,请求=can
表示许可或征求对方的许可,常于第一人称连用。
注:MayI….?Yes,youmayNo,youcan’t/mustn’t.
在回答以may引起的问句时,多避免用这个词,而用其它方式,如Yes,please./Certainly.
2)表推测,可能、也许。常用于肯定句中。
Maybeheknowsthenews.=He__________thenews.
3.must
1)表示义务。意为“必须”(主观意志)。
Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.
注:MustI….?Yes,youmust/No,youneedn’t(don’thaveto).
--Mustwehandinourexercise—booksnow?
--No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.
2)mustn’t表禁止、不允许。
Youmustn’ttalktoherlikethat.
3)表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中must改为can.
Hemustbeill.Helookssopale.
She’swearingadiamondnecklace.Shemusthavealotofmoney.
注:must表推测时,其反义疑问句与must后面的动词一致。
Theremustbesomethingwrong,________?
4.need的用法
need既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时,主要否定句或疑问句中。用作实义动词时,可用于各种句式。
1).用作情态动词,用于否定句和疑问句中。
a).NeedI….?Yes,youmust/No,youneedn’t.
Needwefinishtheworktoday?Yesyou__?A.needB.canC.mayD.must
b).need+dosth.变否定句:needn’tdosth
变疑问句:Needsbdosth?
2).用作实义动词
a).need+todosth.Weneed_______(buy)someschoolthings.
变否定句:don’t/doesn’t/didn’t+needtodosth.
变疑问句:Do/Does/Didsb+needtosth?
Yes,…do/does/didNo,sbdon’t/doesn’t/didn’t.
Youdon’tneedtodoityourself.
b).当主语是物时。Sth+need+doingsth=Sth+needtobedone.
Thetableneedspainting.=Thetableneeds_______________.
5.hadbetter的用法
1).hadbetter+动词原形=It’sbesttodosth.
Youhadbetter______(stay)athome.=_________________stayathome.
2).Hadbetternot+动词原形
Wehadbetter________(notplay)thecomputergames.
6.must与haveto
1).一般情况下,两者可互换。must=haveto
2).must“必须,应该”表示说话人的主观看法,即说话人认为必须干某事。(内在原因)
haveto“必须,不得不”强调客观需要,即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。(外界原因)
Ican’tstopplayingthecomputergames.Foryourhealth,I’mafraidyou______.
A.canB.mayC.mustD.hadto
7.usedto与wouldusedto和would都用来表达现已不存在的过去的习惯或状态。但would不能用在所述故事的开始
二.情态动词后跟完成式和进行式的用法
1.情态动词后跟完成式,表“原本应该干某事,而实际上没干”
Ishouldhavefinishedtheworkearlier.
Heisn’there.Hemusthavemissedthetrain.
2.情态动词后跟进行式,表示“想必正在……”,“可能正在……”,“应当正在”等意。
It’stwelveo’clock.Theymustbehavinglunch.
Theymaybediscussingthisproblem.
Hecan’tbetellingthetruth.
Sheshouldn’tbeworkinglikethat.She’sstillsoweak.
三.情态动词的同义转换.
1.can=beableto区别:can只有一般式和过去式,而beabletodo有多种时态的变化。在过去时中二者有区别:werewasableto强调过去成功做到,而could只表示过去的能力或可能性。
2.must=haveto注意二者主客观的区别
3.needn’t=don’thaveto
情态动词练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!
()1.MrWang______beinNanjingnow,hewenttoBeijingonlythismorning.
A.mustn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.needn’t
()2.–MustIsatyathome,Mum?--No,you______.
A.needn’tB.mustn’tC.don’tD.maynot
()3.–Canyougoswimmingwithusthisafternoon?
--Sorry,Ican’t.I_____takecareofmylittlesisterathomebecausemymotherisill.
A.canB.mayC.wouldD.haveto
()4.–MayIgotothecinema,Mum?--Certainly.Butyou______bebackby11o’clock.
A.canB.mayC.mustD.need
()5.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish______intotheriver.
A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow
()6.–WhereisJack,please?--He_____beinthereadingroom.
A.canB.needC.wouldD.must
()7.–Whoisthemanoverthere?IsitMrLi?--No,it______behim.MrLiismuchtaller.
A.mustn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.needn’t
()8.Thesebooks______outofthereadingroom.Youhavetoreadthemhere.
A.can’ttakeB.mustbetakenC.cantakeD.mustn’tbetaken
(9.–Mum,mayIwatchTVnow?--Sure,butyou______helpmewithmyhouseworkfirst.
A.canB.mayC.mustD.could
()10.Putonmoreclothes.You______befeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.
A.canB.couldC.wouldD.must
()11.–MayIstophere?--No,you______.A.mustn’tB.mightnotC.needn’tD.won’t
()12.–CouldIborrowyourdictionary?--Yes,ofcourseyou_______.
A.mightB.willC.canD.should
()13.Peter______comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.
A.mustB.mayC.canD.will
()14.Michael______beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.
A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may
()15.______Iknowyourname?A.MayB.WillC.ShallD.Must
()16.You______bemorecarefulnexttime.A.havetoB.mayC.mustD.might
()17.Carsandbuses______stopwhenthetrafficlightsturnred.
A.canB.needC.mayD.must
()18.Lookout!Theknifeisverysharp.You______cutyourfinger.
A.needB.mustC.shouldD.may
()19.–Howlong______thebookbekept?
--Fortwoweeks,butyou______returnitontime.
A.can;mayB.may;needC.can;mustD.must;need
()20.–CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?--Yes,you______.
A.willB.couldC.mayD.might
三)系动词
连词动词的种类
联系动词含有一定意义,它们要与其后做表语的形容词、名词或介词(短语)一起构成合成谓语。系动词按意义可分为三类,而且有自己的特定用法。
1、按意义联系动词有:be,appear,seem,keep,remain,continue,stay,prove等,如:Jimappearsveryold.
2、表示感觉的联系动词有look,feel,smell,sound,taste等。如:Itsmellsbad.
3、表示转变的联系动词有become,fall,get,go,grow,turn等。如:
Shebecomesmorebeautifulthanthreeyearsago.
★表示状态的连系动词后接形容词,一般不用于进行时(feel除外)和被动语态,表示变化的连系动词表示“渐渐”时可用与进行时.
★常见的连系动词有:
一“是”(be---is/am/are),一“感”(feel---felt),二“保持”(keep---kept,stay),
四个“起来”(look,sound,smell---smelt,taste),“好像”(seem)一下“变”(get,turn,become)了三.
①Pizzaisready,andit______nice.
A.smellsB.feelsC.goes
②Thiskindofapple______delicious.Iwantonemore.
A.smellsB.feelsC.tastes
③Oh,themilk______strange,doyouthinkit’sOKtodrink?
A.istastedB.istastingCtastes
④Thiskindofskirtlooks______andsells______.
A.nice,wellB.nice,goodC.good,good
⑤Thedress______verysoft.Ilikeit.
A.isfeelingB.feelsC.isfelt
⑥Theflowersmells_____,andIlikeitverymuch.
A.wellB.goodC.badlyD.bad
★有些系动词又是实义动词,要注意辨别.
Putthemeatinthefridge,oritwillgobad.(go是连系动词)
Look(看,是实义动词)carefully,helooks(看起来,是连系动词)veryhappytoday.
四)行为动词(实义动词)
行为动词又称实义动词,它们都含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,可在句中独立作谓语。行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1、及物动词
及物动词后一定要跟宾语,意思才能完整。如:
Mymothertoldmeshewantedtobuysomebooksforme.
2、不及物动词
不及物动词意义完整,不需带宾语,但如果有些不及物动词非要带宾语时,必须先加介词后加宾语。如:
Heonlyworriedabouthisdaughter.
3、由“动词+副词”构成的及物性短语,若宾语是名词,该名词即可放在动词和副词之间,也可放在副词之后。但宾语是代词,则该动词应放在动词和副词之间。
Yourcaatisonthebed.Pleaseputiton.
4、由“动词+介词”构成的短语是及物性的,宾语都要放在介词后。
Mybabyistooyoung.I’llhavetogetsomeonetolookafterher.
二、动词的时态
动词的时态有很多。初中阶段主要掌握八种:一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。
1.一般现在时
I)一般现在时的句子结构
1、当句子表状态说明主语是什么或怎么样时,其句型:主+BE动词(am,is,are)+表语,否定式是在BE动词后加not,疑问句是将BE动词提前到句首(即在主语之前)
e.g.ThetwinsistersarefromAmerica.这对孪生姐妹是美国人。
ThetwinsistersarenotfromAmerica.
ArethetwinsfromAmerica?
2、当谓语由实义动词充当,
A]主语不是第三人称单数时,
句子结构为:主语+动词原形+其它WespeakChinese.
否定式为:主语+dont+动词原形+其它TheydontspeakChinese.
疑问句为:Do+主语+动词原形+其它?DoyouspeakChinese?
B]当主语是第三人称单数时:
句子结构为主语+动词(词尾加s或es)+其它。
否定式为:主语+doesnt+动词原形+其它。
疑问句式:Does+主语+动词原形+其它?
C]三单变化:
1多数在动词后加s如:play—playslike—likes等。
2以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾的动词加es如:go—goeswash--washes
3以辅音字母加y结尾,把y改i再加esfly—flies
II)一般现在时的用法
1.表示现在的状态
TomlivesinBeijing.
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与always,often,sometimes,everyday,onweekends,onceamonth,threetimesaday,inthemorning/afternoon,/evening,atnoon,atnight,onSunday(s),atseven等表示频率的副词或时间状语连用。
Igotoschoolatseveneveryday.HeplayssocceronSundays.
3表示主语具备的性格和能力等
Shelikesapples. TheyspeakJapanese.
4.表示客观事实或普遍真理。
Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.太阳从东方升起,从西方落下。
例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!
1.---MayIhelpyou,sir?
---Yes,IboughttheTVthedaybeforeyesterday,butit______.
A.didn’tworkB.doesn’tworkC.won’tworkD.can’twork
2.______thebusuntilit______..
A.Getoff,stopsB.Getoff,willstopC.Don’tgetoff,stopsD.Don’tgetoff,willstop
3.The70-year-oldman______exercisesinthemorning.
A.takesB.aretakingC.tookD.willtake
2.一般过去时
1).概念:
过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2).时间状语:
ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,thismorning
3).基本结构:
①be动词;was/were…
②行为动词:动词的过去式
4).否定形式:
①was/were+not;②didn’t+动词原形
5).一般疑问句:
①was或were放于句首;②Did+…+动词原形……?
6)用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下:
一般情况+ed
以e字母结尾的辅音+d
以辅音字母+y结尾去y变i+ed
重读闭音节结尾的单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾字母+ed
3.现在进行时
1)现在进行时的构成:主语+am/is/are+v-ing是现在进行时的构成形式
v-ing现在分词的构成:
一般情况+ing
以不发音字母e结尾的单词。去e,加ing+ing
以辅音字母+y结尾的单词去e+ing
以重读闭音节结尾的单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母时.双写词尾字母+ing
2)现在进行时的用法:
1.说话时正在进行或发生的动作(动作是在说话时正在进行)。例如:
Sheishavingabathnow.
2.现阶段正在进行或发生的动作(但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行)。例如:
Youareworkinghardtoday.
KatewantstoworkinItaly,sosheislearningItalian.
Thepopulationoftheworldisgrowingveryfast.
频度副词always,forever等词连用时,表示某种强烈的感情。如:
Heisalwaystryingoutnewideas.(表示欣赏,表扬)
表示按计划即将发生的动作(仅限于go,come,arrive,leave,start,fly,begin,stay等动词)。如:
Thepartyisbeginningat8:00o’clock.
6)常用于现在进行时态的时间状语:now,atthistime,thesedays,look,listen,canyousee?Can’tyousee?,Don’ttalk/Bequiet之类的暗示语等。
正确形式填空
1.Look!Thepolice______(carry)thefoodontothebankoftheriver.
2.Listen!Someone_____________(sing)intheroom.
3.It’ssixo’clock.TheGreens______________(eat)dinner.
4.Don’ttalk.Thebaby_______________(sleep).
5.Isshedoingherhomeworkathome?—No,she_________(watch)TV.
6.WhereisTom?—He’sinthegarden.Hewithhisfriends__________(help)hismotherwatertheflowes.
4.过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间,除有上,下文暗示以外,一般用时间状语来表示或由when/while引导的时间状语从句。。结构:主语+was/were+doing+---
1).
at+时刻数
时刻
atthis/thattime过去
between+时刻数and+时刻数
时间段
from+时刻数to+时刻数
2).过去进行时(主句)when一般过去时(从句)。
When一般过去时(从句),过去进行时(主句)。
3).一般过去时(主句)while过去进行时(从句)。
While过去进行时(从句),一般过去时(主句)。
4).过去进行时(主句)while过去进行时(从句)。(强调两个动作同时进行)
用动词的适当形式填空
1.Didyouseehimcomein?No,I__________(watch)afootballgame.
2.Mysister__________(read)herbookwhenmymothercamein.
3.ThistimeyesterdayI__________(eat)dinnerwithmyfriends.
4.Atnineo’clocklastSunday,they___________(have)aparty.
5.They______________(swim)inthepoolfrom7:30to9:00lastSunday.
6.TheGreens______________(have)lunchatthistimeyesterday.
7.Thepolice_____________(come)whenIwalkedaroundthestation.
8.Tomwithhisfriends____________(play)soccerat7:30a.mlastSunday.
9.I________(sleep)whenI________(hear)aknockatthedoor.
10.WhenIsawhim,he________(wait)forthebus.
11.What__________you_______(do)atthistimeyesterday?
12.I__________(notgo)tothecinemalastnight.
13.Whenyou__________(call)meamomentago,I________(write).
14.I_________(do)myhomeworkwhilemyparents__________(watch)TVlastnight.
I___________(draw)apicturewhenthepolice_____(come)in.
5.一般将来时
构成1)is/am/are+goingtodosth表示计划,安排要做的事情
2)willdosth(will是助动词,没有人称的变化,适用于各种人称)shalldosth(shall是助动词,只用于第一人称)
标志:1)tomorrow/thedayaftertomorrow2)thisafternoon3)next+时间名词nextyear/Sunday4)when/until等引导的时间状语从句5)in+一段时间(Howsoon)6)if引导条件状语从句7)inthefuture
◎He__________(tell)youwhenhe_______(come)backtomorrow.
◎Tom__________(play)withyouifhe_______(be)freenextSunday.
◎We___________(go)thereifit_______(rain)tomorrow.
注意:
※Lookatthecloulds.Itisgoingtorain.(有迹象表明)
※Theradiosaysitwillraintomorrow.(有科学依据事实)
2.in+一段时间在---后(Howsoon)(一般将来时)
after+一段时间=一段时间+later在---后(When)(一般过去时)
after+时刻数(一般将来时)
He__________(get)hereinanhour.He__________(get)hereafteranhour.
He__________(get)hereafterfiveo’clock.
6.过去将来时:
1).概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2).时间状语:
thenextday(morning,year…),thefollowingmonth(week…),bythen,
3).基本结构:
①was/were/goingto+do;②would/should+do.
4).否定形式:
①was/were/not+goingto+do;②would/should+not+do.
5).一般疑问句:
①was或were放于句首;②would/should提到句首。
7.现在完成时
I1).概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.).基本结构:have/has+done
3).否定形式:have/has+not+done.
4).一般疑问句:把have或has放于句首。
5).反义疑问句:直接用has/have进行反问
II现在完成时常用的时间状语有:
1.already(”已经”用于肯定句的助动词has/have和过去分词之间)yet(“已经”用于疑问句的末尾处/“还”用于否定句的末尾处)
Ihavealreadyreadthebook.
______you_____thebook____?(变一般疑问句,并作肯定和否定回答)
Yes,___________./No,I_____.
I_________thebook_____.(否定句)
2.never(“从不”用于助动词has/have和过去分词之间)ever(”曾经”用于疑问句和肯定句的助动词has/have和过去分词之间)
____heever_____(read)thebook?No,hehasneverreadit.
3.just(“刚刚”用于助动词has/have和过去分词之间)
He_____just_____(finish)thework.
He_______(finish)theworkjustnow.
4.before以前(句尾)
He____________(see)thefilmbefore.
He_________(see)thefilmtwodaysago.
5.现在完成时+since+时间点或从句(一般过去时);此划线部分用howlong提问。since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今,since之后的时间为一点。
for+段时间;howlong(疑问句中用来提问since/for短语)
Mr.Smith________(work)heresince1984.1984年以来,史密斯先生一直在这工作。
He________(learn)about5,000Englishwordssincehe____(go)tocollege.
他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。
for短语表示动作延续多长时间,for的宾语为时间段。如:
We_________(know)eachotherfortwentyyears.我们认识有二十年了。
I_____________(not,see)herforalongtime.我好久没有见到她了。
练习:用since和for填空
1)______twoyears2)_______twoyearsago3)_______lastmonth4)______19995)______shelefthere6)_______4o’clock
7)______4hours8)_______anhourago9)_______wewerechildren
6.sofar到目前为止
Howmanywords______you______(learn)sofar?
7.inthepast/last+段时间在过去的几年中
8.once(一次),twice, three(four…)times
Tom_________(travel)totheGreatWalltwice.
9.Itisthe+最高级+n.+(that)sb.haveeverdone.
What’sthebestgifthe___________(receive)?
III.havebeenin,havebeento与havegoneto的用法
1]have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:since,for,howlong等。例如:
Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。
此外还有这些搭配:havebeenhere(there)
2]have(has)beento表示“曾经去过某地”,现在已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never等连用,
例如:Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我刚才去邮局了。
MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.玛丽从未去过长城。
HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗?
have(has)beento后面可接次数,表示去过某地几次。例如:
IhavebeentoBeijingthreetimes.我去过北京三次。
3]have(has)goneto意为“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之,说话时该人不在现场,一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。
WhereisTom?----Hehasgonetothebookshop.
练习
()1.Haveyouever______toanamusementpark/
A.gonetoaB.gonetoanC.beentoaD.beentoan
()2.Where’sAmy?-Shehas_______totheUK.
A.beenB.goneC.wentD.goes
()3.______haveyoubeenthere?-Forthreeyears.
A.HowoftenB.HowlongC.HowfarD.Howsoon
()4.HasPaulbeentotheUSA?-Yes,______.
A.hehasB.hedoesC.shehasD.shedoes
()5.I______toCanadatwice.It’ssobeautiful.
A.won’tgoB.havegoneC.don’tgoD.havebeen
()6.Where_____you_____,John?I’mlookingforyoueverywhere.
A.have;beenB.have;beentoC.have;gone
()7.Howlong_____yourfather_____Shanghai?
A.did;comeB.has;beeninC.has;beento
()8.Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?No,itsthefirsttimeI___here.
A.even,havecomeB.ever,comeC.ever,havecome
()9.--MayIspeaktoTom?-Sorry.He____Japan.Buthe____intwodays.
A.hasbeento,willcomebackB.hasgoneto,willback
C.hasbeenin,willcomebackD.won’tcomeback
()10.Myfatherisntherenow.He___Shanghai.He___theretwice.
A.hasgone;hasbeenB.hasgoneto;hasbeento
C.hasbeento;hasgoneD.hasgoneto;hasbeen
()11.-Hi!Bruce.Ihavetseenyouforthreeweeks.
-Hi!George.I___America.
A.havegonetoB.wentto-C.havebeentoD.havebeenin
()12.Myuncle___Londonforfiveyears.Buthewillbebacknextyear.
A.wentB.hasbeeninC.hasgoneD.hasgoneto
()13.Peterisyoung,buthe___manyforeigncountries.
A.hasbeeninB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.hasbeento
IV.since和for的用法(用于现在完成时)
表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有:for,since,howlong,sofar,thesedays等。
1).since:
a).since+时间点①年代②时刻数③一段时间+ago
b).现在完成时:主句(主语+have/has+延续性动词的过去分词)+since+从句一般过去时
c)It’s+时间段+since+短暂性动词的过去式
d).时间段+haspassed+since+短暂性动词的过去式
2).for+一段时间
练习:用since和for填空
1)______twoyears2)_______twoyearsago3)_______lastmonth
4)______19995)_______yesterday6)_______4o’clock
7)______4hours8)_______anhourago9)_______wewerechildren
10)_____lunchtime11)______shelefthere
12).HehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.
13).I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren.
14).OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_________threeyears.
15).Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.
16).It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.
3).for:for+一段时间=since+一段时间+ago
4).与时间段连用时,短暂性动词应改为相应的延续性动词。
1)come/goto------beat/in2)leave----beawayfrom3)buy----have
4)borrow/lend-----keep4)open---beopen5)close---beclosed
6)die---bedead7)start/begin----beon8)join—--bein/beamemberof/beasoldier
9)become–be10)fallasleep---beasleep11)catchacold–haveacold
12)have/hasgoneto→havebeenin13)puton→wear14)finish/end→beover
15)marry→bemarried
练习:
()1.Threeyears________sinceI________youlasttime.
A.havepassed;metB.haspassed;metC.passed;havemet
()2.Hehasbeenhere_______helefthishometown.
A.sinceB.inC.for
()3.—He________theEnglish-Chinesedictionaryforabouttwentyyears,butitisstillnew.
—Whatacarefulman!
A.hasboughtB.hasborrowedC.hashad
()4.---WhendidChina_____theWTO?---China_____theWTOforseveralyears.
A.join;hasbeenamemberofB.join;hasjoinedC.takepartin;havebeenin
()5.Howlonghaveyou_____thebook?
A.boughtB.borrowedC.kept
()6.Howtimeflies!Severalyears_______sincewestartedourmiddleschoollife.Wewillkeepthepleasantexperiencesinourminds.
A.havepassedB.haspassedC.willpass
()7.MrFan_____thisbikein2005.He______itfor10years.
A.bought,hasboughtB.hasbought,hashadC.bought,hashad
()8.He___inourschoolfor20yearsandhe___herein1977.
A.hastaught;cameB.hastaught;hascomeC.taught;cameD.hasteached;hascame
()9.Theyarelate.Thefilm___forfiveminutes.
A.hasbegunB.hasstartedC.hasbeenonD.began
()10.Wehavebeenfriendssince_____.
A.fiveyearsB.fiveyearsagoC.fiveyearsbefore
()11..Hehaslivedthere___1992.
A.sinceB.forC.after
()12.Mike_____thebikeforamonth.
A.hasboughtB.hashadC.hasborrowed
()13.Hehishomefortenyears
A.hasleftB.leftfromC.hasbeenawayfrom
()14.May______thebookfortwoweeks.
A.borrowedB.lentC.keptD.bought
()15.I_____thejobsince2002.
A:haveB:hadC:havehad
()16.Hehasbeenastudent_____twoyears.
AinBonCafterDfor
8、过去完成时态
1).概念:
以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2).时间状语:
①.before+过去时间,by+过去时间,bytheendoflastyear(term,month…)
②.bythetime+从句(一般过去时),主句(过去完成时)
③.用于由when,after,before引导的时间状语从句中,前后两动作都发生在过去。
过去完成时+when/before+一般过去时
一般过去时+after+过去完成时
④.用于宾语从句中。
3).基本结构:had+done.
4).否定形式:had+not+done.
5).一般疑问句:把had放于句首。
练习
()1.He______inShanghaiUniversityforfouryearsbeforehe______Beijing.
A.studied,hadgoneB.hadstudied,wentC.hasstudied,goesD.hadstudied,hadgone
()2.Marysaiditwasatleastfiveyearssincehe______agooddrink.
A.enjoyedB.wasenjoyingC.hadenjoyedD.wouldenjoy
()3.XiaoPeisaidshe______Hainanfor3months.
A.hasbeeninB.hadbeeninC.hadbeentoD.hadgoneto
时态综合:选择最佳答案填空(动词时态):
()1.We__________outbythattimethathe_________athiefforalongtime.
A.hadfound,hadbeenB.hadfound,wasC.found,hadbeenD.found,was
()2.Itsohappenedthatthey________thenovelbefore.
A.hadreadB.wouldreadC.werereadingD.read
()3.She________fornearlytwohours.
A.kepttalkingB.kepttotalkC.haskepttalkingD.kepttotalking
()4.Spring_______afterwinter.
A.comesB.cameC.hascomeD.hadcome
()5.—Ihearsomenoiseinthenextroom.
—Oh,yes.Yoursister_______there.
A.criesB.iscryingC.criedD.wascrying
()6.Allthestudents__________toplanttreesandthere’snobodyintheclassroom.
A.goB.willgoC.havegoneD.woundgo
()7.Stop!Alittleboy_________thestreet.
A.iscrossingB.crossesC.crossedD.hascrossed
()8.Thegirl________tomilksincelastwinter.
A.learnsB.learnedC.haslearnedD.wouldlearn
()9.What__________toyouthismorning?
A.happensB.ishappenedC.happenedD.washappened
()10.—Theoldmanlookshealthy.
—Yes.He________somerunningafterhegetsup.
A.doesB.didC.hasdoneD.willdo
()11.Shedidn’tpasstheexamsbecauseshe________herlessonswell.
A.wasn’tpreparedB.wasn’tbeenpreparedC.hadn’tpreparedD.waspreparing
()12.Thisstory_______inafarawayvillageinEuropemanyyearsago.
A.ishappenedB.washappenedC.happenedD.hasbeenhappened
()13.—MrKingcamebacktoourvillage.
—Really?Forwhat?
—Theoldman________thenoiseinthecity.
A.ishatingB.hatesC.washatingD.hashated
()14.Hisfather________foraweek.
A.diedB.willdieC.hasbeendiedD.hasbeendead
()15.Mymotherisill.I_______stayathomeandlookafterher.
A.hastoB.mustC.wouldD.haveto
()16.---DoyouknowtheFrenchman?
---Yes.I______himfortwoyears.
A.knowB.haveknownC.knewD.havebeenknown
()17.They______alltheirmoney,sotheyhavetowalkhome.
A.spendB.hadspentC.havespentD.willspend
()18.Greatchanges_______inthecity,andalotoffactories_______.
A.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetup
B.havetakenplace,havebeensetup
C.havetakenplace,havesetup
D.weretakenplace,weresetup
()19.---WhendidKate’sgrandmadie?
---Whilethedoctors______onher.
A.areoperatingB.wereoperatingC.operateD.operated
()20.---Whoareyoulookingfor?
---MrWhite.
---Waithereforawhile.Theclassmeeting_______overinhalfanhour.
A.isB.willbeC.wasD.hasbeen
()21.Ifshe’snotathome,you______trytelephoningherattheoffice.
A.willB.couldC.wouldD.need
()22.Allthenewwords______upinthedictionaryyet.
A.havelookedB.haven’tlookedC.havebeenlookedD.haven’tbeenlooked
()23.Idon’twanttospeaktoher,butI______.
A.doB.havetoC.havetospeakD.mustto
()24.Hurryup,oryou_____thetrain.
A.missB.loseC.willmissD.willlose
()25.Thenewlibrary____nextweek.
A..willbuildB.willbebuiltC.wouldbuildD.wouldbebuilt
()26.---Where’sMabel?
---She_____pingpongbehindtheteachingbuilding.
A.isplayingB.wasplayingC.playedD.hadplayed
()27.Quiteafewtallbuildings_______thelasttwoyears.
A.havebeenputupB.wereputupC.hadputupD.putup
()28.Man-made-satellites______intospacebymanycountries.
A.wassentupB.issentupC.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentup
()29.I_______allthewordsontheblackboard.MayIgohomenow?
A.copyB.willcoupC.copiedD.havecopied
()30.Nobodyknew_______alivinginthatcountry.
A.todoB.tomakeC.howtodoD.howtomake
()31.Theoldmanneedsatmostfivehour’ssleepanight,buthe__________foroversevenhourstonight.
A.hasfallenasleepBhassleptChasgonetobedD.hasgonetosleep
()32.I’mreallygettingtoofat.Fromnowon,I________moreexerciseandeatlessfood.
AhavedoneBdoCamdoingDwilldo
()33.Youdon’tneed__________her.I_________herforseveraltimes.
Adescribe,hadmetBdescribe,meetCtodescribe,havemetDdescribe,met
()34.HisspeechinEnglishwasdifficult__________.
AinfollowingBforbeingfollowedCtofollowDtobefollowedby
()35.Whenhewasachild,hetriedtofindways_______people________lifemore.
A.tohelp,enjoyB.help,toenjoyC.help,enjoyingD.tobehelped,toenjoy
()36.Whatdidyourclassteacher________youto_______atthemeeting?
A.tell,sayB.ask,speakC.tell,speakD.ask,talk
()37.______thebusuntilit_______.
A.Getoff,stopsB.getoff,willstopC.Don’tgetoff,stopsD.Don’tgetoff,willstop
()38ThelivingstandardofthepeopleinShanghai_______inthelasttenyears.
A.hasraisedB.hasrisenC.hasbeenraisedD.hasbeenrisen
()39–WhatdidMrJonesdobeforehemovedhere?
-He_______acitybusforovertwenty-fiveyears.
A.hasdrivenB.droveC.drivesD.isdriving
()40.Hurryup!Theplay_______fortenminutes.
A.hadbegunB.beganC.hasbeenonD.hasbegun
()41.--WhatareMrandMrsBlackdoing?
---They_____teainthegarden.
A.aredrinkingB.drankC.havedrunkD.drink
1-5CAAAB6-10CACCC11-15CCBCD16-20BCBBB
21-25ADBCB26-30AACDD31-35BDCCA36-41ACBBCA
2017年中考英语二轮专题复习材料语法专题-连词
中考考点八:连词
连词是连接词、短语、从句语句子的词,它是虚词,所以不能单独担任句子成分。
连词的分类:连词主要分为两大类:并列连词和从属连词。
知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!
一.并列连词
并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组或从句。常见的连词有
and,but,or,so,both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等。
1.and表示递进,因果或承接关系:
1).and表示“和、且”在肯定句中连接并列的成分。Heislaughingandtalking.
2).祈使句+and……,“and”表示“那么”之意。=If……
Studyhard,andyouwillsucceed.=__________studyhard,youwillsucceed.
3).adj/adv+and+adj/adv表示“渐渐”。
Hemakesmistakesagainandagain.
2.but
表示转折关系的连词,意为“但是”Heispoor,buthonest.
3.or
1).or有“或”的意思,表示一种选择Wouldyouliketeaorwater?
2).“祈使句……,or…”or表示否则。=If…not…,……..
Studyhard,oryouwillfail.=_____you_____studyhard,youwillfail.
3).or用在否定句中表示并列关系。Hecan’treadorwrite.
4.both
1).both“两者都”,后面的名词、动词都用复数。Boththeanswersareright.
2).bothof….Bothofusarestudents.
3).both…and…Bothyouandsheareright.
5.either/either…or
1).either“两者当中任何一个”,后有of时接名词的复数形式,无of时接单数名词,动词用单数形式。
Youmayweareitherofthehats.
2).either…or…“不是……就是……,或者
……或者…….”动词与临近的主语保持一致。即“就近原则”.
Eitheryouorhehastogo=Eitherheoryouhavetogo.
6.neither/neither…nor…
1).neither“两者当中都不”,后有of时接名词的复数形式,无of时接单数名词,动词用单数形式。
Neitheroftheanswers______(be)right.
2).neither….nor…“既不…….也不……”动词与临近的主语保持一致。即“就近原则”.
NeitheryounorIamright.=NeitherInoryouareright.
比较:both…and…,either…or…,neither…nor…的相互关系:
肯定句:1.IlikebothAandB.
否定句:2.Idon’tlikebothAandB.=IlikeeitherAorB.
否定句:3.Idon’tlikeeitherAorB.=IlikeneitherAnorB.
7.“Notonly…butalso…”
1).Notonlyyoubutalsoyourfatheriscoming.(连接两个名词或代词做主语时谓语动词依照后面的词而定)
2).ShelearnsnotonlyEnglishbutalsoJapanese.
二.从属连词
从属连词是引导从句的连词。
1.引导宾语从句的连词
1).that连接由陈述句转变而来的宾语从句。
2).who,whom,what,which,whose,when,where,why,how连接由特殊疑问句转变而来的宾语从句。
3).if/whether连接由一般疑问句转变而来的宾语从句。
2.引导状语从句的连词
1).时间状语从句:when,before,after,until,assoonas,bythetime,themoment,
2).条件状语从句:if,unless
3).原因状语从句:because,as,since
4).方式状语从句:as,asif,asthough
5).结果状语从句:so…that…,such…that…
6).让步状语从句:though/although
7).目的状语从句:sothat
8)地点状语从句:where,wherever
9)比较状语从句:thanas…as
注意:
主将从现的规则用于:
条件,时间状语从句中如下:
主语+willdoif
When
Assoonas主语+一般现在时的相应谓语动词形式
Before
After
3.不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词。
1).because,so不能同时出现在一个句子里,只用其中之一。
Becauseinourschoolknewhim,sowehadnotroubleinfindinghim.
2).though/although,but不能同时出现在一个句子里,只用其中之一。但though可以与yet,still同时出现在一个句子中。
ThoughAustraliaisverylarge,butthepopulationisquitesmall.
4.必须用whether的情况。
1).discuss和介词后的宾语从句用whether.
Wearediscussing____we’llholdameeting.I’mworriedabout___shecancometothemeeting
2).和不定式、ornot连用必须用whether.
Idon’tknow______toleaveornot.Iamnotsure________theywillattendthemeeting.
练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!
()1.Whichisbigger,thesun_________themoon?
A.orB.andC.butD.so
()2.Hurryup,__________wewillmissthetrain.
A.butB.andC.orD.so
()3.Hehurther_________badly_______shehadtoseeadoctor.
A.too,thatB.so,thatC.either,orD.too,to
()4.Lookout!Thetrafficismovingfast.Its________dangerous________crossthestreet.
A.very,toB.so,toC.much,toD.too,to
()5.Its_______far_______walkhomefromhere.Letstakeabus.
A.so,thatB.too,toC.enough,toD.such,that
()6."WhydidntNickcometoschoolyesterday?""_______hewasill."
A.AfterB.WhereC.WhenD.Because
()7.Johnfellasleep_________hewaslisteningtothemusic.
A.afterB.beforeC.whileD.assoonas
()8."Iwontgotothepartytomorrow.""__________youtoldmeyouwould.Whatshappening?"
A.ButB.SoC.AndD.Or
()9.Stopcuttingtrees,________theearthwillbecomeworseandworse.
A.andB.thenC.butD.or
()10."Becareful!Dontbreakthebottles.Doyouhear_______Isaid,David?"
"Yes,mum."
A.WhatB.thatC.howD.if
()11.MrSmithcomesfromAustralia,buthehasworkedinChinaforfiveyears.Soyoucantalkwithhim______________.
A.eitherinEnglishorinChineseB.notinChinesebutinEnglish
C.justinEnglish,notinChineseD.neitherinChinesenorinEnglish
()12.Ican________swim_______skate.Willyoupleaseteachme?
A.either…orB.notonly…butalsoC.both…andD.neither…nor
()13.WhenIgotthenewsthattheshipwouldsink,Iwas_________frightened________mylegscouldntmoveforward.
A.so,thatB.very,thatC.too,thatD.too,to
()14.Sheboughtadigitalcameraonline__________shesavedalotoftime.
A,sothatB.assoonasC.nomatterD.suchthat
()15.Beijinghas________manybusesthatthereisoftenatrafficjaminrushhours,
A.soB.veryC.tooD.much
()16.Hurryup,________youwillmissthetrain.Itsleavingintenminutes.
A.andB.soC.howeverD.or
()17.Notonlyhisparentsbutalsohisbrother________totheSummerPalace.Theyhavent
beenback.
A.havebeenB.havegoneC.hasbeenD.hasgone
()18.Youdbetterdoit________yourmotherdid.
A.whenB.asC.likeD.because
()19.______theyarebrothers,theydontlooklikeeachotheratall.
A.BecauseB.ThoughC.WhenD.As
()20.---Whendidyouknowthenews?
---Iknewnothingaboutit_________myfriendtoldme.
A.afterB.itC.becauseD.until
1-5ACBDB6-10DCADA11–15ADAAA16-20DDBBD
2014全国各地中考汇编—连词专项
()1.—Icanhardlybelievemyeyes.Isthatyou,Lucy?
—Yes.Ithasbeenalmost20years______weweretogether.
A.sinceB.beforeC.afterD.until
()2.Iwon’tgototomorrow’sparty______Iaminvited.
A.ifB.unlessC.When
()3.Talktoyourteacherandyouwillgethelp______youhaveaproblem.
A.unlessB.ifC.untilD.so
()4.It’sgoingtorain.You’dbettertakeanumbrella_____youmaygetwet.
A.orB.andC.but
()5.Ericarrivedontime,______itwastherushhour.
A.althoughB.becauseC.whileD.unless
()6.Dianaisn’there,______leaveamessageonherdesk.
A.orB.soC.andD.but
()7.He’snotaperfectchild.Hesometimestalksback_______hisparentstalkwith
him.
A.ifB.beforeC.whenD.until
()8.Don’trunintheclassroom,______youmayhurtyourself.
A.andB.orC.butD.so
()9.Theywilllosethegame_______theytrytheirbest.
A.unlessB.onceC.sinceD.after
()10.Hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday________hewasill.
A.becauseB.becauseofC.ifD.so
()11.I’dliketogowithyou,_______I’mtoobusy.
A.orB.andC.soD.but
()12.______LinFenghastoworklate,shealwayswearsasmileonherface.
A.BecauseB.IfC.UntilD.Though5ykj
()13.—Theairpollutionisterrible.—Itwillbeworse_______wetakeactiontoprotecttheenvironment.
A.ifB.unlessC.untilD.when
()14.Theleft-behindkids(留守儿童)can’tseetheirparents_______theparentscome
backhomefromwork.
A.butB.untilC.orD.if
()15.Practicemore,_______you’lldobetterinplayingchess.
A.butB.andC.whenD.after
()16._____hewasverytired,hecontinuedworkinginhisoffice.
A.SinceB.AlthoughC.AssoonasD.Because
()17.Mumsays______Idomyhomeworknow,IcanwatchTVforanhourtonight.
A.ifB.thoughC.becauseD.while
()18.RickhaslearnedalotaboutChineseculture______hecametoChina.
A.beforeB.whenC.untilD.since
()19.______thesunwasnotyetup,manypeoplewerealreadytakingexerciseinthesquare.
A.AsB.IfC.ThoughD.Because
()20.Spendmoretimetalkingwithyourparents,______theymaynotwellunderstandyou.
A.orB.soC.andD.but
()21.I’dliketohaveatry,______Imayfail.
A.sinceB.thoughC.untilD.after
()22.Insummermilkwillquicklygobad_____itisputintoafridge.
A.thoughB.unlessC.becauseD.once
()23.Fatherwon’tallowmetoplayoutside_______Iwashupthedishes.
A.ifnotB.ifC.unlessD.because
()24.Lauraopenedthedoorandrushedintotherain_______Icouldstopher.
A.untilB.afterC.beforeD.unless
()25.Itisbettertotravel10,000miles_______toread10,000books.
A.asB.butC.norD.than
()26.Readthisarticle,_______youwillunderstandthatnoteverythingcanbebought
withmoney.
A.orB.andC.butD.so
()27.Itwasrainingheavily,_____wedecidedtostayathomeandwatchTV.
A.butB.orC.becauseD.so
()28.Whichdoyouprefertousetocommunicationwithyourfriends,QQ______
MSN?
A.andB.norC.orD.so
()29._______jeanswereinventedover100yearsago,they’restillinfashiontoday.
A.BecauseB.IfC.AlthoughD.Since
()30.—IreallyenjoyChinesefood!
—Me,too.Mymouthwaswatering_______IwatchedtheTVprogramABiteof
China.
A.whenB.beforeC.sinceD.after
()31.Theoldlibrarywillclosesoon______peoplecangivesomemoneytosupportit.
A.ifB.unlessC.becauseD.if
()32.—Excuseme.Isitmyturnnow?—Notyet.Pleasewaitonthechair_______yournameiscalled.
A.andB.untilC.althoughD.since
()33.Goodfriendsarelikestars.Youdon’talwaysseethe,______youknowtheyarethere.
A.asB.butC.forD.then
()34.Mymotherpreferstotakeabustoheroffice______shehasacarofherown.
A.ifB.becauseC.althoughD.until
()35.Yourdreamwillcometrue______youputyourheartandsoulintoit.
A.ifB.unlessC.althoughD.until
()36.Whynotlookupthenewwordinthedictionary______youdon’tknowit?
A.ifB.thatC.thoughD.whether
()37.Theteacheraskedmetoreadaloud_______allthestudentscouldhearme.XKb1.Com
A.sothatB.forC.becauseD.inorderto—Areyougoingout,Mike?It’sreallylatenow.
()38.—It’sthelastdaytobuyticketstothe2014FIFAWorldCupinBrazil,_______Imustgonow.
A.ifB.orC.soD.through
()39.—Whenwillyoureturnthebooktome?—I’llgiveittoyou_______Ifinishit.
A.onceB.untilC.assoonasD.unless
()40.—Wouldyouliketohavedinnerwithme?—I’dlove,_______I’mtoobusynow.
A.andB.orC.butD.so
参考答案
1-5ABBAA6-10BCBAA11-15DDBBB16-20BADCA21-25BBCCD26-30BDCCA
31-35BBBCA36-40AACCC
2017年中考英语二轮专题复习材料语法专题-名词
初中英语语法专项
第一部分:词法
中考专题一名词
中考中名词考点主要集中在:名词的可数与不可数;名词所有格;名词作定语;名词词语意义辨析等。
一、名词的分类
名
词类别意义例词
专有名词表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称Jim,China,Qingdao,theUK,theGreatWall
普通名词可
数
名
词个体名词表示单个人的人或事物girl,student,factory,desk,cat,country
集合名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称people,police,team,clothes,group,crew
不
可
数
名
词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质water,ice,pork,cheese,cotton,broccoli
抽象名词表示抽象概念的词fun,healthy,happiness,courage,love,care
注:1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。
2、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”,但它不大写。
3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时,则变为可数名词,而且意义上也有了变化。
eg.beer----abeer一杯啤酒,work---awork工厂,著作,glass---aglass一个玻璃杯,room空间---aroom一个房间
4.German—Germans,human—humans(man在词中不是后缀)
二、名词的数:表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。
1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式:可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加“a或an”;复数形式是在名词后加“-s或-es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种,规则变化及其读音可依照下表:
当名词为:词尾变化读音例词
一般情况加s在清辅音后读/s/chips,jeeps,pats,clocks
在浊辅音或元音后读/z/boys,sharpeners,sofas,drawers
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词加es/iz/watches,boxes,classes,brushes
以字母o结尾的单词加s或es/z/zoos,photos,bamboos,
tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,
以辅音字母+y结尾的单词去y变i加es/z/dictionaries,strawberries,
以f或fe结尾的单词去f或fe变v加es/vz/leaves,wives,halves
以th结尾的词加s/z/;/θz/mouths,paths;months,deaths
2.可数名词复数的不规则变化
①改变单数名词中的元音字母
eg.man--men,woman—women,tooth—teeth,foot—feet,goose—geese,mouse--mice
②单复数同形eg.Chinese-Chinese,deer-deer,fish-fish,sheep-sheep,…
③由man和woman构成的合成词,每个名词都要变复数
eg.amandoctor—mendoctors,awomanteacher--womenteachers
注意:有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式
eg.trousers,clothes,glasses,shorts,scissors,etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数,
实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数).eg.maths,phyiscs,politics,news
3.不可数名词:表示不能计算数目的人或物,称为不可数名词。1).不能直接用数字表数量2).不能直接加a或an3).没有复数形式4).可用some、any、lotsof、plentyof、much修饰5).可用“量词短语”表示
不可数名词一般只有单数形式,但有其特殊用法:
(1)同一个词,变成复数形式,意义不同。eg.food食物---foods各种食物,
time时间---times时代,green绿色---greens青菜
(2)有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物
eg.hope---hopes希望hardship---hardships艰苦
(3)物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示
eg.acupoftea,sevenpiecesofbread,severalbagsofrice,…
(4)有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词,但词义有所不同。
eg:fruit水果——fruits表示不同种类的水果;food食物——foods各种食品;fish鱼——fishes鱼的种类;drink饮料、酒——adrink一杯/一份饮料、一杯酒;cloth布——,acloth桌布、抹布;sand沙——sands沙滩;tea茶——atea一杯茶;chicken鸡肉——achicken小鸡;orange橘汁——anorange橘子;glass玻璃——aglass玻璃杯,glasses眼镜;paper纸——apaper试卷、论文;wood木头——awood小森林;room空间、余地——aroom房间
三、名词的所有格
名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式,一种是在名词后+’s;另一种是用of,表示“……的”。
1.’s所有格。
1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时,这时只在最后一个名词后加“’s.”
Thisis____________________(MaryandLily)bedroom.
2).1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时,这时分别在每个名词后加“’s.”
Theseare________________(TomandJack)schoolbags.
3).以s结尾的名词,变所有格时在s后加“’”,不以s结尾的复数名词,仍加“’s”
Teachers’DayChildren’sDay
4).表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时,常在名词后加’s代表全称。
atthedoctor’sattheBob’s
5).由some、any、no、every与one、body结合的复合不定代词something、anything等和else连用时,所有格应加在else的后面。
Thisis_________________(somebodyelse)pencil.
6).表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s来构成所有格。
anhour’sridetwoweeks’timeChina’scapital
2.of所有格:
1).of用来表示无生命的名词所有格。
themapofChinathedooroftheroom
2).双重所有格:
of+名词所有格of+名词性的物住代词
Heisafriendofmy_________(brother).Issheadaughterof__________(you)?
四、名词作句子成分:
1.名词作主语时的主谓一致
1).表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Twohours________(be)enoughforustogetthere.
2).量词短语“数字+量词+of+…”作主语时,谓语动词应与量词保持一致。
Apairofshoes_______(be)underthebed.
Twopiecesofpaper_______(be)onthedesk.
3).名词+介词(with,togetherwith,aswellas,like,but,except…….)+名词作主语时,谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致。
Theteacherwiththestudents_________(be)plantingtreesonthehill.
4).短语“neither…nor…、either…or…、notonly…butalso…”连接主语时,谓语动词实行就近原则。
NeitherhenorI______(be)aFrenchman.
5).复数形式单数内容的名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式.
Thenewsissurprising.
Mathsisanimportantsubject.
6).单数形式复数内容的名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式.
Thepolicehavecaughtthethief.
Thepeoplethereareverykind.
7).一些集体名词如family,class,team等作主语时,若强调整体,谓语动词用单数形式,若强调个体,谓语动词用复数形式.
Hisfamilyisnotalargeone.他家不是个大家庭。
HerfamilyarewatchingTV.他全家人在看电视。
Theteamisplayingverywell.这个队打得很出色。
Theteamareallfamousplayersinourcountry.全体队员都是我国有名的运动员。
8).由and连接两个或两个以上的名词作主语时,如表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式.若表示个体概念,谓语动词用复数形式.
Myoldfriendandclassmatehasjustcomebackfromabroad.我的老校友刚从国外回来.
ThesingeranddanceristoattendourEnglishevening.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家将参加我们的英语晚会.
9).“Thenumberof+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
“Anumberof+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
2.名词作定语:
1).名词作定语时,一般用单数形式。Thereisashoefactoryneartheschool.
2).名词作定语时,个别情况用复数形式。(sport)
Thesportsmeetingwillbeheldnextweek.
3).man、woman作定语表示性别时,man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变。
onemanteachertwowomenteachers
举一反三,学的更轻松!
1.()1Shewasveryhappy.Sheinthemathstest.
A.makesafewmistakeB.madeafewmistakesC.madefewmistakesD.makesfewmistake
()2Weneedsomemore____.Canyougoandgetsome,please?
A.potatoB.potatosC.potatoesD.potatoe
()3_____are____forcuttingthings.
A.Knife/usedB.Knives/usedC.Knife/usingD.Knives/using
()4Whatbig____thetigerhas!
A.toothB.teethC.toothsD.toothes
()5Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree___.
A.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave
()6-Canwehavesome___?
-Yes,please.
A.bananaB.orangesC.appleD.pear
2.()1Theygotmuch___fromthosenewbooks.
A.ideasB.photosC.informationD.stories
()2Hegaveus____onhowtokeepfit.
A.someadvicesB.someadviceC.anadviceD.aadvice
()3Whenwesawhisface,weknew___wasbad.
A.somenewsB.anewsC.thenewsD.news
()4What___lovelyweatheritis!
A./B.theC.anD.a
3.()1-Wouldyoulike___tea?
-No,thanks.Ihavedrunktwo____.
A.any,bottlesoforangeB.some,bottlesoforange
C.many,bottlesoforangesD.few,bottleoforanges
()2Heishungry.Givehim___toeat.
A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbreadC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads
()3Itreallytookhim:___todrawthenicehorse.
A.sometimesB.hourC.longtimeD.sometime
()4Iwouldliketohave___.
A.twoglassesofmilkB.twoglassofmilkIC.twoglassesofmilksD.twoglassofmilks
()5Canyougiveme____?
A.ateaB.somecupofteaC.acupteaD.acupoftea
()6Pleasegiveme___paper.A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof
()7Johnbought___forhimselfyesterday.
A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes
4.()1-Howmany____haveyougotonyourfarm?-Ivegotfive.
A.sheepsB.sheepC.pigD.chicken
()2Some___cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.
A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies
()3.Agroupof______willvisitthemuseumtomorrow.
A.HungarianB.AustralianC.JapaneseD.American
5.()1Thistableismadeof___.
A.manyglassB.glassesC.someglassesD.glass
()2-Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?-Idlike____.!
A.chickenB.achickenC.chickensD.thechicken
()3Childrenshouldmake____foroldpeopleinabus.
A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.theroom
6.()1Tablesaremadeof___.
A.woodB.somewoodsC.woodenD.woods
()2Iwonderwhy______aresointerestedinaction(武打片)films.
A.peopleB.peoplesC.thepeopleD.thepeoples
()3Ihaveread____oftheyoungwriter.
A.worksB.workC.thisworksD.theworks
7.()1Letsmeetat7:30outsidethegateof___?
A.thePeoplesParkB.thePeoplesParkC.thePeopleParkD.PeoplesPark
()2___Chinesepeopleare___hardworkingpeople.
A./;aB.We;theC.The;theD.The;a
()3Howmanywerethereinthestreetwhentheaccidenthappened?
A.policemanB.policesC.policeD.peoples
8.()1Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller____.
A.setB.oneC.pieceD.pair
()2LastweekIboughtaTV____.
A.pair.B.setC.pieceD.block
()3Thereisa_____ofwoodleftontheground.
A.cupB.pieceC.boxD.pair
9.()1Therearesixty-seven___inourschool.
A.womensteacherB.womenteachersC.womanteachersD.womenteacher
()2Therearefive___inourfactory.
A.womandriverB,womendriverC.womandriversD.womendrivers
10.()1Theywritemostoftheir___inEnglish.
A.businessletterB.businesslettersC.businessesD.businessesletters
()2Wecametoa___atlast.andwentin.
A.watchshopB.watchesshopC.watchingshopD.watchsshop
()3Thisshopsellsapples,bananasandthingslikethese.Itsa___.
A.foodshopB.bookshopC.fruitshopD.vegetableshop
()4Shebrokea___whileshewaswashingup.
A.glassofwineB.glassforwineC.glasswineD.wineglass
()5Iveforgottenbothofthe____.
A.roomnumbers.B.roomsnumberC.roomsnumbersD.roomnumber
11.()1.September10this____inChina.
A.TeachersDayB.TeachersDayC.TeacherDayD.TeachersDay
()2-Isthebroomunder____desk?-No,itsunder____.
A.theteachers;myB.teachers;mineC.teachers;meD.theteachers;mine
()3Excuseme,whereisthe___?
A.mensroomB.mensroomC.mensroomsD.menrooms
12.()1Thefootballunderthebedis____.
A.LilyandLucyB.LilysandLucysC.LilysandLucyD.LilyandLucys
()2Thisismy____dictionary.
A.sisterMaryB.sistersC.sister,MarysD.sistersMarys
()3Hewentto___shoptobuyashirt.
A.atailorB.thetailorC.atailorsD.thetailors
()4Joanis____.
A.MarysandJacksisterB.MaryandJackssister
C.MaryandJacksisterD.MarysandJackssister
13.()1Inafew____time,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees.
A.yearB.yearsC.yearsD.years
()2Itsabout___walkfrommyhouse.
A.tenminuteB.tenminutesC.tenminutesD.tenminutes
()3Thepostofficeisabitfarfromhere.Itsabout_____.
A.thirtyminutesswalkB.thirtyminuteswalk
C.thirtyminuteswalkD.thirtyminuteswalk
()4Half___telephonecallsaremadeinEnglish.
A.theworldB.worldC.theworldsD.worlds
14.()1____facetothesouth.
A.WindowsoftheroomB.Thewindowsoftheroom
C.TheroomswindowsD.Thewindowsinroom
()2Pleasetaketwo___.
A.pictureoftheparkB.picturesoftheparkC.thepicturesofaparkD.pictureofapark
()3Theworkersarerepairing____.
A.theroofofthehouseB.aroofofthehouseC.roofofthehouseD.thisroofofhouse
15.()1MissSmithisafriendof____.
A.MarysmothersB.MarysmotherC.mothersofMaryD.Marymothers
()2Thisisabookof___.
A.TomB.TomsC.herD.him
()3Thepostcardissentby____.
A.afriendofmyfatherB.afriendofmyfathersC.myfatherfriendD.myfatherfriends
参考答案:
1.1-7CCBBBBC2.1-4CBCA3.1-7BCDADDA4.1-4BAAC5.1-3DAA6.1-3AAD
7.1-3ADC8.1-3DBB9.1-3BDB10.1-5BACDA11.1-3BDA12.1-4DCCB
13.1-4BBCC14.1-3BBA15.1-3ABB
练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!
()1.Theygotmuch_____fromthosenewbooks.
A.ideasB.photosC.newsD.stories
()2.Ihavetwo_______andthreebottlesof_________here.
A.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orangeD.orange,oranges
()3.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_________tohishome.
A.25minutes’walkB.25minute’swalkC.25minutewalkD.25minuteswalk
()4.Anold_______wantstoseeyou.
A.peopleB.personC.thepeopleD.theperson
()5.Helpyourselfto__________.
A.chickensandapplesB.chickensandappleC.chickenandappleD.chickenandapples
()6.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_________.
A.room’snumberB.rooms’numberC.roomnumbersD.rooms’numbers
()7.ShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersecond_________.
A.familyB.houseC.homeD.room
()8.________motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.
A.MaryandPeter’sB.MaryandPeterC.Mary’sandPeterD.Mary’sandPeter’s
()9.LiLeihasbeento__________manytimesthismonth.
A.heruncleB.heruncle’sC.herunclesD.aunt’s
()10.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn’t________inteaching.
A.manyexperiencesB.muchexperienceC.anexperienceD.alotexperience
()11.Aclassmateof_________washeretenminutesago.
A.youB.yourC.yoursisterD.yoursister’s
()12.Agroupof_________aretalkingwithtwo___________.
A.Frenchmen,GermansB.Germans,Frenchmans
C.Frenchmans,GermenD.Germen,Frenchmen
()13.Theteam________havingameeting.
A.isB.areC.amD.be
()14.“Wouldyoulike_________?”“________,please.”
A.drink,ThreecoffeesB.acupofdrink,Coffees
C.adrink,AcoffeeD.adrink,Threecupsofcoffees
()15.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby_______,butalsothefleshandbloodof________men.
A.earthandstone,millionsofB.earthsandstones,millions
C.theearthandstone,millionofD.theearthsandstones,millions
()16.Lastnight,therewasafoodaccident.The_______wereill,butno_______werelost.
A.child,livesB.children,lifeC.children,livesD.child,life
()17.---Thisisaphotoof_________whentheywereyoung.
---OK,howhappytheybothlooked!
A.myfatherandmotherB.mymotherandfathers
C.mymothersandfathersD.myfathersandmymother
()18.Thenewstudentisin__________,GradeTwo.
A.ClassThirdB.ThirdClassC.ClassThreeD.Threeclass
()19.TodayisSeptember10th.Its__________Day.Letsgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.
A.TeachersB.TeachersC.theTeachersD.Teachers
()20.Themarketisntfarfromhere.Itsonly_________bicycleride.
A.halfanhoursB.halfanhoursC.halfanhourD.anhourandahalf
()21.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?
---_________,please.
A.TwocupofcoffeeB.TwocupsofcoffeC.TwocupsofcoffeeD.Twocupsofcoffees
()22.DuringChristmas,peoplegettogetherandsingChristmassongsfor_________.
A.funB.wishesC.interestD.thanks
()23.Some_________areflyingkitesneartheriver.
A.childB.boyC.boysD.childs
()24.Aftertheexam,wellhave________holiday.
A.twoweeksB.two-weeksC.twoweeksD.twoweeks
()25.Theyarethose_________bags.Pleaseputthemonthebus.
A.visitorB.visitorsC.visitorsD.visitors
()26.---Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?
---Therearetwo___________.
A.hundredsB.hundredC.hundredofD.hundredsof
()27.---Whatdoyouthinkofthe_______theMoonlightSonatabyBeethoven?
---Itsoundsreallywonderful.
A.subjectB.musicC.bookD.animal
()28.Thereisnotenough_________inthecornerforthefridge.
A.placeB.roomC.fieldD.ground
()29._________comesfromsheepandsomepeoplelikeeatingit
A.WoolB.PorkC.MuttonD.Milk
()30.Ifyoudonttakemore________,youllgetfat.
A.medicineB.lessonsC.photosD.exercise
()31.Myschoolisabouttwenty________walkfromhere.
A.minuteB.minutesC.minutessD.minutes
()32.Mum,Ihave_______totellyou!
A.agoodnewsB.somegoodnewsC.somegoodnewesD.muchgoodnews
()33.Whichisthe________tothepostoffice?
A.streetB.wayC.roadD.address
()34.Istayedat________lastSunday.
A.myunclesB.myunclesC.myunclesD.myunclesfamily
()35.Maths________noteasytolearn.
A.areB.isC.amD.were