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英语高中语法教案

发表时间:2021-03-29

高考英语二轮复习语法专题。

古人云,工欲善其事,必先利其器。作为教师准备好教案是必不可少的一步。教案可以让学生更好地进入课堂环境中来,帮助教师更好的完成实现教学目标。那么如何写好我们的教案呢?小编收集并整理了“高考英语二轮复习语法专题”,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。

定语从句

一、基本概念:

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如:

Doyouknowthemanwhospokeatthemeetingjustnow?

Thatisthehousewherehelivedtenyearsago.

注意:

(1)定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词;

(2)定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作从句中的一个成分。

(3)★引导定语从句的关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose,as

★关系副词有:when,where,why.

二、关系词的用法:

(一)关系代词的用法:

关系代词引导的定语从句,关系代词引导定语从句时,可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。

指代对象

在从句中所做的成分

人+物

可否省略

主语

who/that

which/that

that

不可

宾语

who/whom/that

which/that

that

表语

that

that

that

定语

whose/ofwhom

whose/ofwhich不可

ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.

Thebookwhich/thatIamreadingiswrittenbyThomasHardy.

Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.

Thisistheroomthat/whichShakespearewasbornin.

注:在非正式文体中,用于指人的关系代词whowhom,that通常可以省略,但在正式文体中通常用whom,不可省略;用于指物的关系代词which和that在非正式文体中也通常省略,但在正式文体中一般不省略。

1.★作定语用whose=the+n+ofofwhich

=ofwhichthe+n

(a)Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.

(b)ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceIdidnotrealizeatthattime.

注意:“介词+whose+名词”引导定语从句。如:

Ilovemymotherland,forwhosegoodfutureIwillworkhard.

门是蓝色的那间房是我的。2.★作表语只用that,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但时常省略。如:

Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.

Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace(that)itusedtobe.

3、★as在定语从句中的用法:::as可以引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

(1).as引导非限制性定语从句,有“正如,就像”之意。它在从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语。例

Theelephant’snoseislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.

(2)as引导限制性定语从句多与such、so或thesame连用,它可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。

Suchpeopleaswerementionedbyhimwerehonest.

Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.

(3).as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置

as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面、中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which所引导的非限制性定语从句一般只能放在主句之后。例如:

Ashadbeenexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.

Theearthrunsaroundthesun,asisknowntoeveryone.

注意:★thesame…that与thesame…as在意思上是不同的。例如:

ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.

这个书包和我昨天丢的相似。(相似物)

ThisisthesamebagthatIlostyesterday.

这正是我昨天丢的那个书包。(同一物)

(二)关系副词的用法:

1.when指时间,在从句中作时间状语,它的先行词通常有:time,day,morning,night,week,year等。

DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn?

注:when时常可以省略,特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如:

Eachtimehecame,hedidhisbesttohelpus.

Buthelpneverstoppedcomingfromthedayshefellill.

2.where指地点,在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有:place,spot,street,house,room,city等,

Thisisthehotelwheretheyarestaying.

IforgetthehousewheretheSmithslived.

3.why指原因或理由,它的先行词只有reason。如:

Thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.

(三)使用关系副词应注意下列几点:

1.这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构:

when=on(in,at,during…)+which;

where=in(at,on…)+which;

why=forwhich.如:

IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.

Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.

Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=forwhich)wedidit.

2.★当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等时,一定要注意分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语或宾语时,关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用when或where试比较:

I’llneverforgetthedaywhenmyhometownwasliberated.

I’llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherlastsummer.

Hisfatherworksinafactorywhereradiopartsaremade.

Hisfatherworksinafactorywhich/thatmakesradioparts.

3.when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why只能引导限制性定语从句。4.★as和which引导定语从句的区别

有时,非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词,而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分,这时一般采用which或as来引导。如:

Hepassedtheexam,which/ashehopedhewould.

(1)as引导的从句可以放在主句之前,而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。

Theyarehollow,whichmakesthemverylight.

Asisknowntoall,TaiwanisapartofChina.

(2)从意义上讲,which指前面主句的内容;而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西,因此常译成“就象……那样”。

(3)as引导的非限制性定语从句表示积极的意义,与主句是顺理成章的关系,绝不能与之矛盾。若非限制性定语从句表示消极的意义,则只用which。如:

Hehassucceededinhiscareer,as/whichweallhope.他在事业中成功了,这正是我们大家所希

Hergrandmadiedlastweek,whichmadeherverysad.她的奶奶逝世了,这使得她很悲伤。

(4)当非限制性定语从句的引导词前面有介词时,只能用which,而不可用as。如:

Hehasanewcomputer,forwhichhepaidnearlytenthousandYuan.

(5)当关系代词代替主句中的宾语从句或复合结构(如:宾+补;不定式短语;动词-ing形式短语等)时,一般只能用which,而不用as。如:

Shetoldusthattherewassomethingwrongwithherbike,whichwastrue。

HeaskedhertohelphimwithhisEnglish,whichshedid.

(6)关系代词仅代表主句中的谓语部分时,从句中谓语部分被省略而只保留情态动词的否定式或助动词否定式,引导词一般只用which,而不用as。如:

HespeaksEnglishveryfluently,whichIcan’t.

(7)关系代词作定语修饰后面的名词时,一般只用which,而不用as。如:

Hesuggestedgoingswimmingintheriver,whichideaweagreedwith.

(8)关系代词仅代表主句中单个的名词时,一般只用which,而不用as。如:

Hesentmeabeautifulpresent,whichIvaluedverymuch.

(9)as在非限制性定语从句中,还常跟such连用。如:

Therewasalookofloveintheteacher’seyes,suchasmothershavefortheirchildren.老师眼里流露出对他喜爱的神情,就好像母亲对孩子的喜爱。

(10)as常用于一些固定结构中。如:

asiswellknown/asweallknow众所周知;

asissaidabove正如上面所说;

asmightbeimagined正像所想象的那样;

asisreported如报道所说;

ashasbeenpointed如所指出的那样;

asisexpected正如所料。

5.在正式文体中,以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以inwhich或that引导,如:

Thewayinwhichyouansweredthequestionswasadmirable.

但在非正式文体中,人们通常省略inwhich或that:

Theway(inwhich)hespoketouswassuspicious.

Idon’tliketheway(that)youlaughather.四.关系词的选择

1.在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词作主语,只能用who指人,which指物;关系代词做宾语,常用whom(口语中有时用who)指人,which指物,它们都不能用that代替。

2.关系代词作介词宾语,不论是在限制性定语从句中,还是在非限制性定语从句中,当介词前置时,只能用whom指人,which指物;但如果介词后置,则不受这种限制,关系代词还可以省去,特别是在口语中。如:

Doyouknowtheboytowhomshewastalking?

Doyouknowtheboy(that)shewastalkingto?

Thepencil(which/that)hewaswritingwithsuddenlybroke.

3.★在限制性定语从句中,当先行词指物时,关系词可用which或that,二者常可以互换;但在下列情况中,只能用that,不用which:

(1)当先行词是all,alot,(a)little,few,much,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等词时。如:Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

(2)当先行词被all,anyno,much,little,few,every等限定词所修饰时。如:

Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid.

(3)当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如:

Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetthetickets.

WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestomindistheWestLake.

(4)当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰,以及先行词被序数词和形容

词最高级同时修饰时,如:

That’sthemostexpensivehotelthatwe’veeverstayedin.

ThisnovelisthesecondbestonethatIhaveeverread.

(5)当先行词被thevery,theonly,thenext,thelast等所修饰时。如:

ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind.

(6)当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。如:

TheguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildren’sPalace.

Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.

(7)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。如:

Whichisthecarthatkilledtheboy?

4.在限制性定语从句中,当先行词指人时,关系词可用who(m)或that,二者常可互换。

但在下列情况中,用who(m),而不用that:

(1)当先行词是one,ones,any,few,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everyone,

everybody等词时。如:

Isthereanyonewhocananswerthisquestion?

Hewasamongthefewwhomanagedtolivethroughtheenemyprisoncamp.

注:在非正式文体中可以说:You’retheonethatknowswheretogo.)

(2)当先行词是he,they,those,people,person等词时。如:

Hewhowantstocatchfishjustnotmindgettingwet.

Thosewhoareagainsttheproposalputupyourhands.

注:在固定结构的谚语或习语中,可用hethat…。如:

Hethatpromisestoomuchmeansnothing.

(3)当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。如:

Doyouknowthewriterinbluewiththickglasseswhoisspeakingatthemeeting?

(4)在分隔式定语从句中,若先行词指人,为了明确修饰关系,应当用who(m)。如:

AnewmasterwillcametomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.

There’sonlyonestudentintheschoolwho/whomIwantedtosee.

Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.

(5)两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词,第二个定语从句常用who(m)来引导,如:

SheistheonlygirlIknowwhocanplaytheguitar.

5.★在限制性定语从句中,当先行词指人时,在下列情况中,一般用关系词that:

(1)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如:

Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?

Whichofusthatknowsanythingdoesnotknowthis?

(2)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。如:

Heisthegreatestmanthathaseverlived.

(3)当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等词所修饰时。如:

Sheistheonlypersonthatunderstandsme.

6.当先行词被thesame所修饰时,关系词既可以用as,也可以用that。在表示具体事物时,有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来,表示同一种类多用as,表示同一事物多用that。

如:ThisisthesameinstrumentthatIusedyesterday.这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。

ThisisthesameinstrumentasIusedyesterday.这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。

7.当先行词前有such,so,as时,关系词应当用as。如:

Awisemanseldomtalksaboutsuchthingsashedoesn’tunderstand.

HespokeinsucheasyEnglishaseverybodycouldunderstand.

Atthistimeoftheday,allbusesandtrolleyshavetocarryasmanypassengersastheycan.

Itissoeasyabookaseveryschoolboycanread.

Let’sdiscusssuchthingsaswecantalkoffreely.

注意的问题:★★★

1、theonlyoneof+n+定语从句(用单数谓语动词)

oneof+the+n+定语从句(用复数动词)

2、such……as引导定语从句与such……that引导结果状语从句

ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishasbeginnerscanunderstand.

ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishthatbeginnerscanunderstandit.

3、当situation,condition,stage,point,scenes做先行词时,用where引导定语从句

4、when的先行词通常是time,day,season,age,occasion等时间名词

Thereareoccasionswhen(=onwhich)onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

5、where引导的定语从句与地点状语从句的区别

Pleasemakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestion.(从句:)

Pleasemakeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestion.(从句:)

6、theway做先行词时,关系词的选择应根据theway在定语从句中所做的成分来决定

Idon’tliketheway_______heistreated

Theway___________youthoughtoftosolvetheproblemisveryuseful

Pleasefindaway_________isthekeytosolvingtheproblem

7、thereason做先行词时,关系词的选择应根据thereason在定语从句中所做的成分来决定

Thereason_____IwaslatewasthatIwascaughtinatrafficjam

Idon’tbelievethereason_________hegaveforhisbeinglate

8、介词+which引导的定语从句中介词的选择:9.在下列情况下,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。

(1)定语从句的主语是few,little,some,most,many,much等时,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。

Intheroomarelotsofpeople,manyofwhomIdon’tknow.

Hehasalotofstory-books,afewofwhichIhaveneverread.

(2)定语从句的主语是数词、形容词的最高级时,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如:

Theoldmanhasthreechildren,twoofwhomarecollegestudentsandoneofwhomisamanager.那个老人有三个小孩,其中两个是大学生,另一个是经理。

(3)定语从句的主语是all,none,both,neither,each等不定代词时,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,allofwhomareworkinghard.

Heplantedtwotreeslastyear,bothofwhicharegrowingwell.

(4)在定语从句中作表语的定语时,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如:

Hehasthreebrothers,ofwhomLiLeiistheyoungestone.

TherearemanycountriesinAsia,ofwhichChinaisthelargestone.

10、表示部分与整体ofwhich/whom

在非限制性定语从句中,★表示“部分与整体”的关系时,用…ofwhich/whom或者ofwhich/whom…都可以。表示部分的可以是具体数目或百分数,也可以是few,several,some,half,many,much,most,all,none,either,neither,aquarter,anumber,thelarger,thesmallest,themajority等。

Ourschoolhas80teachers,50ofwhom(=ofwhom50)arewomen.

Hehaslotsofbooks,mostofwhichareEnglishones.

注意这里的ofwhich不能用whose代替,这与表示所属关系的ofwhich不同:

Theroomthedoorofwhich(=whosedoor)isbluebelongstome.

11、注意:先行词虽然是时间或地点,但若在定语从句中作主语或宾语时,要用关系代词。

(1)Thefactorywherehisfatherworkedhasclosed.(作状语)

比较:Thefactorywhich/thatwasbuiltin1978hasclosed.

(2)I’llneverforgetthedayswhenwelivedtogether.(作状语)

比较:I’llneverforgetthedays(that)wespentinAustralia.(作及物动词spent的宾语)

(3)Thereason(why)shewasillwasthatshehadeatenbadmeat.(作状语,用关系副词)

比较:Thereason(that)hegaveforhisabsencewasobviouslyfabricated.(作gave的宾语,用关系代词)

12、★关系词的选择方法

(1)一看先行词的意义

即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因,如指物时不能用who或whom,指人时通常不用which等。

(2)二看关系词的句法功能

即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分,是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等,

如作定语通常用whose,有时也用which;作状语要用when,where,why。

注意,不要一看到先行词为表时间、地点、原因的名词,就认为一定要用when,where,why来引导定语从句,要注意分清它们在定语从句充当什么成分。如

Iforgetthetimewhenhewillcome.(when引导定语从句,在定语从句中用作状语)

Iforgetthetimethathetoldme.我忘记了他告诉我的时间。(that引导定语从句,在定语从句中用作宾语)

Thereasonwhyhecan’tcomeisthatheisill.

他不能来的原因是他病了。(why引导定语从句,在定语从句中用作状语)

Thereasonthathetoldmeisnottrue.

他告诉我的原因不真实。(that引导定语从句,在定语从句中用作宾语)

(3)三看定语从句的种类

即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句,如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。注意,不要一看到逗号就认为是非限制性定语从句。如:

Ifyou’vereallysaidthattoher,_______willcauserealtrouble.

A.thatB.whichC.asD.what

此题答案是A,不是B。尽管空格前有逗号,但这并不是非限制性定语从句,所以不能填which。正确的理解是:Ifyou’vereallysaidthattoher是一个条件状语从句,逗号后的句子是主句,空格处填that用作主句主语

12、★关系代词做定语从句的主语时,从句谓语动词的形式与先行词一致。

Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman

13、★定语从句与强调句的区别的诀窍:

★若将Itiswasthatwho去掉而句中不缺成分,结构完整,说明原句是强调句型。若结构不完整,说明原句为定语从句。

Itwasnotuntil1920_______regularradiobroadcastsbegan.

14、定语从句与同位语从句的区别:

定语从句50题

1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildrensPalace.

A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich

2.Doyouknowtheman_______?

A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke

3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.

A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayed

C.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed

4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich

5.Thatistheday______Illneverforget.

A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when

6.Thefactory______wellvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.

A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich

7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.

A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there

8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.

A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshown

C.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked

9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?

A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalked

C.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked

10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.

A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich

11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.

A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that

12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.

A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom

13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?

A.whoB.whosC.whichD.whose

14.Iminterestedin______youhavesaid.

A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which

15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.

A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as

16.Heisntsuchaman______heusedtobe.

A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as

17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.

A.thatB.asC.whomD.what

18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.

A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim

19.Idontlike______asyouread.

A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels

20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.

A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what

21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.

A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who

22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.

A.themB.whichC.whomD.who

23.Youretheonlyperson______Iveevermet______coulddoit.

A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who

24.Ilostabook,______Icantremembernow.

A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat

25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.

A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what

26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.

A.thatB.whichC.asD.it

27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.

A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when

28.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.

A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./

29.Thisisthereason______hedidntcometothemeeting.

A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich

30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.

A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafter

C.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter

31.Thereason______hedidntcomewas______hewasill.

A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what

32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.

A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who

33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.

A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich

34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.

A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich

35.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.

A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which

36.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.

A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it

37.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.

A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich

38.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.

A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as

39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.

A./B.whyC.whenD.whose

40.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.

A.thatB.whichC.itD.though

41.---Didyouasktheguard_______happened?

---Yes,hetoldmeall_______heknew.

A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that

42.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedonthefarmwith

thefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.

A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which

43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.

A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are

44.Duringthedays________,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.

A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed

45.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?

A.thatB./C.whichD.it

46.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_______hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidehouse.

A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that

47.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?

A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere

48.Johngotbeateninthegame,_______hadbeenexpected.

A.asB.thatC.whatD.who

49.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.

A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich

50.Allthatcanbeeaten_______eatenup.

A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen参考答案及解析

1.A.which用作关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。

2.C."和谁讲话”要说speaktosb.本题全句应为DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo.。whom是关系代词,作介词to的宾语,可以省略。

3.D.where是关系副词,表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。

4.C.when是关系副词,表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。

5.A.which是关系代词,在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。

6.C.解析同第5题。

7.A.解析见第3题。

8.A.本句话的先行词应该是films,因此,关系代词that是负数概念,其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态havebeenshown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the,则theone应该视为先行词。

9.A.“谈到某事物”应说talkaboutsth.。about是介词,其后要用which作宾语,不能用that。

10.A.withwhich是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that.withwhich在定语从句中作状语,即heiswritingwithapen.

11.C.infrontofwhich即infrontofafarmhouse.Infrontofwhich在从句中作状语.

12.D.withwhom引导定语从句.withwhom放在从句中即为:myfatherworkswiththeengineer.

13.D.whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.

14.A.that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.

15.D.thesame……..as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.

16.D.such………as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.

17.B.as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词,而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后,也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.

18.B.LiMingenjoyeditverymuch是主句,withwhomIwenttotheconcert是定语从句.withwhom放在从句中为:IwenttotheconcertwithLiMing.

19.C.as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配,其中such和same修饰其后的名词,as为关系代词,指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用sucha……..,本题中suchbooks,such直接修饰复数名词.

20.B.things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.

21.D.who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.

22.C.twothirdsofwhom即:twothirdsofthe2,000workers.

23.D.先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为,whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句whocoulddoit.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.

24.A.whosetitle引导非限制性定语从句,whosetitle也可以说成thetitleofwhich

25.A.forwhich引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语befamousfor"以……..而闻名".

26.C.当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as.As在本从句中作主语.

27.A.两个先行词theday都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when.第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.

28.D.在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中,常用that来代替“in(或其他介词)+which”、when或where,而that常可省略。

29.D.forwhich在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why来替代.

30.B.whichIhavelookedafter构成一个非限制性定语从句.

31.A.Thereasonwhy…wasthat….已成为一种固定句型,这一句中的why和that不能随意换位,也不能将that改成because,尽管that这个词在译文中可能有“因为”的含义。

32.B.非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.

33.A.解释见28题.

34.D.主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B.bothofwhich用来引导非限制性定语从句.

35.C.as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配,其中such和same修饰其后的名词,as为关系代词,指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.

36.B.非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.

37.D.

38.D.解析见35题.

39.A.hemakes是定语从句,从句前省略了关系代词that.

40.B.whichisabadhabit非限制性定语从句.

41.A.whathappened是宾语从句.all之后thatheknew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.

42.D.years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.

43.C.本句话的定语从句是whoowncars.其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是Thenumberof指“…..的数目”,是单数概念。因此,主句的谓语动词要用is。

44.D.thatfollowed是定语从句,关系代词that在从句中作主语。

45.A.先行词gas被only修饰,关系代词要用that,而不用which。

46.B.throughwhich引导定语从句,throughwhich即throughthehole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句,并作从句的主语。

47.B.为便于理解,改写本句话:ThisistheschoolthatsomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek.不难看出,作表语的theschool是先行词。that引导了定语从句,因为that同时又作visited的宾语,所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。

48.A.解释见35题。

49.C.因为是twoballpens,并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此,C是正确选项。

50.B.本句话中,主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此,其谓语应用单数的hasbeen。关系代词that引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语。

相关知识

高考英语二轮专题复习考案


2010高考二轮复习英语考案
专题九名词性从句

1.Hissuccesswasbecauseof________hehadbeenworkinghard.
A.thatB.thefactwhichC.thefactthatD.thefact
2."IsMaryfromNewYorkCity""Idontknow_______."
A.fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromB.fromwhatcityshecome
C.whatcitydoesshecomefromD.whatcityshecomesfrom
3.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever
4.ThereasonwhyIdidntgotoShanghaiwas________anewjob.
A.becauseIgotB.becauseofgetting
C.IgotD.thatIgot
5.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.
A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for
6.Henrykilledthedog.Illaskhimwhy________.
A.didhedothatB.hedidthat
C.hedidD.hehasdoneso
7.HaveyouseenHenrylatelyMybosswantstoknow________.
A.howheisgettingalongB.howishegettingalong
C.whatheisgettingalongD.whatishegettingalong
8.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.
A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
9.Heaskedme________withme.
A.whatisthetroubleB.whatwrongwas
C.whatwasthematterD.whattroubleitis
10.Iamsure________hesaidistrue.
A.thatB.aboutthatC.ofthatD.thatwhat
11.Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.
A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbee
12.Iwonderhowmuch________.
A.doesthewatchcostB.didthewatchcost
C.thewatchcostedD.thewatchcosts
13.Maryis________someonemightrecognizeher.
A.afraidofB.afraidaboutC.afraidthatD.afraidfor
14.________isnoreasonfordismissingher.
A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.Owingtoafewminuteslate
C.ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.Beingafewminuteslate
15.Theycametotheconclusion________byacomputer.
A.thatnotallthingscanbedoneB.becauseofnotallthingsbedone
C.beingnotallthingscanbedoneD.becausenotallthingscanbedone
16.Whytheexplosionoccurredwas____thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.
A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.that
17.Idontdoubt________hellcome.
A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether
18."Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang"
"Well,Iforget_______Iwassupposedtogoto."
A.whichtheroomB.whichroom
C.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasit
19.Outputisnowsixtimes________itwasbeforeliberation.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.ofwhich
20.Mary:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshesnowbuyingabighouse.
Carol:Yes.Becauseshesalwayssaved________.
A.whatlittlesheearnsB.howlittlesheearns
C.forlittlesheearnsD.withlittlesheearns
21._______surprisedmemostwas________suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.
A.That...whatB.What...thatC.That...whichD.What...which
22.Wegavehim________helpwecould.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.this
23.Sheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenhimand________youhavetoldhim.
A.thatB.whichC.allwhatD.allthat
24.Excusemewouldyoupleasetellme________
A.whenthesportsmeetistakenplaceB.whenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheld
C.whenisthesportsmeettobeginD.whenthesportsmeetistotakeplace
25.Doyouhappentoknow________
A.whatsizeshoeshewearsB.howbigshoeshewears
C.whatisthesizeofhisshoesD.whatnumbershoesarehis
26.Thisbookwillshowyou________canbeusedinothercontexts.
A.howyouhaveobservedB.howwhatyouhaveobserved
C.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobserved
27.Wheredoyouthink________
A.hashegoneB.hashebeenC.hesgoneD.washe
28.Doyouknow________
A.howmanypopulationsthereareintheworld
B.howmuchpopulationthereisintheworld
C.howmanythepopulationoftheworldis
D.whatthepopulationoftheworldis
29.Wouldyougoandsee________outside
A.whattotakeplaceB.whatTomhashappened
C.whatishappeningD.whatthematterhadbeen
30.Thesubjectof"WhatisinterestingisthatIdonotevenknowhim."is_______.
A.whatB.interestingC.WhatisinterestingD.I
31.________IthinkheisCharles.
A.WhodoyouthinkheisB.Doyouthinkwhoheis
C.WhomdoyouthinkheisD.Doyouthinkwhoheis
32.Hedidntknowwhichroom________.
A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein
33.Thelittleboyate________hismothergavehim.
A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.nomatterwhat
34.Thecityisnolonger________.
A.whatitisB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitwasD.whatitusedtobe
35.Myparentsused________theyhadtogetanewcarforme.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.allwhat
36.________wegoswimmingeveryday________usalotofgood.
A.If...doB.That...doC.If...doesD.That...does
37.________wastheidea_______thewifethoughtof
A.What...thatB.That...whatC.How...whyD.Why...how
38._______didhetellhiswife________hewishedtodo
A.That...whatB.What...thatC.Where...whichD.Which...where
39.Oneofthemenheldtheview________thebooksaidwasright.
A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatwhichD.whichthat
40.Ihavenoidea________ornothehasfinishedthework.
A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which
41."Doyouknow________""Hisfatherisadoctor."
A.whatishisfatherB.whoishisfather
C.whathisfatherisD.whohisfatheris
42.Isthis________wemeteachothertwoyearsago
A.placeB.placeinwhichC.whereD.placewhich
43.It________Bobdrivesbadly.
A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat
44.Weallknowthetruth___thereareair,waterandsunlighttherearelivingthings.
A.whereB.whereverC.thatD.thatwherever
45.Theydiscussed________theycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothershelp.
A.ifB.thatC.whatD.whether
46.Sheasked________.
A.whatIwasdoingwhensherangmeup
B.whatwasIdoingwhensherangmeup
C.whensherangmeupwhatIwasdoing
D.whendidsheringmeupwhatIwasdoing
47.-MayIborrowthering
-Youcantake_______youlike.
A.nomatterwhatB.whichC.whicheverD.that
48.Hesaidthathewasfondof________.
A.whatbeautifulisB.whatisbeautiful
C.beautifuliswhatD.whatitisbeautiful
49.Heinsistedthathe________ingoodhealthand_______toworkthere.
A.was,besentB.is,issentC.be,wassentD.be,send
50.Doyouknow________heexpectswillgiveusatalk
A.whoB.whomC.thatD.whose
51.Itsuncertain________theexperimentisworthdoing.
A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how
52.Theywouldhavefixedthetelephoneyesterday_________itwasaholiday.
A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.butfor
53.________istodogoodalloneslifeandneverdoanythingbad.
A.WhicheverishardB.Nomatterwhatishard
C.WhatishardD.Allwhatishard
54.________theboydidnttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.
A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which
55.Asthedaywasfine,Imadethesuggestion________forawalkinthepark.
A.wegoB.wewillgoC.shouldwegoD.thatwego
56.____wecantgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.
A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what
57.____youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.
A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether
58.Youcantimagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere
C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
59.____wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
60________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.
A.What…thatB.That…whatC.Why…thatD.If…what
61._________isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.
A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who
62._______wellfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.
A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.That
63._______thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrowsmeeting.
A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.What
64._______hewontgothereiscleartoallofus.
A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.This
65._______youcomeornotisuptoyou.
A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whether
66._______makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.
A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybody
67._______teamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.
A.WhichB.ThatC.IfD.How
68.Threedayslater,wordcame________ourcountryhadsentupanotherman-madesatellite.
A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where
69.Theproblemis________willgotothemeeting.
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.who
70.Itlooks_______itweregoingtorain.
A.evenifB.asifC.eventhoughD.like
71.Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.
A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how
72.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.
A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why
73.Wethought_______strangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.
A.thatB.itC.thisD.what
74.Thefact_______shehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how
75.WhatImconsideringnow_________themoneyweneed.
A.isB.areC.wereD.was
76.Canyoutellme__________
A.whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswho
C.whothatgentlemanisD.whomisthatgentleman
77.________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who
78.Itiswellknown_________apersoneatscauseschangesinthebody.
A.thatwhatB.thatC.whatD.how
79.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such
80.Jackwassoontold________hedidwasnotnecessary.
A.whyB.thatC.howD.whywhat
81.Weshouldthinkcarefullyabout________Mr.Needhamsaidatthemeeting.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.X
82.Canyoupointout________tworadiosarethebest
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whether
83.Youwilleasilyknow________videorecordersarethesame.
A.whatthoseB.thatofthoseC.thatallofD.whichofthose
84.________youhaveseenthingslikethesebeforedoesntmatter.
A.IfB.WhetherC.WhatD.When
85.IaskedherinEnglish________shewas,andshetoldme________shewasanactress.
A.who…thatB.who…XC.what…XD.how…that
86.Shetookitforgranted________Idbebackhomeanhourago.
A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.when
87.Wethinkitpossible________thelocalgovernmentwillbeabletosolvethehousingproblem.
A.forB.thatC.whenD.how
88.Nowthereisadanger________thegroundmayfallinundertheheavytraffic.
A.whetherB.ifC.XD.that
89.AtthattimeIhadnoidea________Icouldhandittohimwithoutbeingseen.
A.ifB.howC.whichD.thathow
90.LastSundayhepromised________today,buthehasntappearedyet.
A.thathewouldcomeB.thathewillcome
C.hewillcometoseemeD.whetherhewouldcome
91.LastSundayhemadeapromise________hewasfreehewouldtakemetoQingdao.
A.ifB.thatC.thatifD.whether
92.Doyouhaveanyidea________
A.whenMissSmithwillarriveB.whenwillMissSmitharrive
C.howwillMissSmitharriveD.whyhasntMissSmitharrived
93.Ihavealmostforgotten________.
A.howMr.TaylorslikeB.whatMr.Taylorsfaceislike
C.whatMr.TaylorsfaceisD.whichMr.Taylorsfaceislike
94.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin________,but________.
A.howyouget…thatyougiveB.whichyougotwhatyougive
C.whatyouget…whatyougiveD.whatdoyouget…whatdoyougive
95.Doyouknow________
A.whatisthisusedforB.whatthisisusedfor
C.whichthisisusedD.thatthisisusedfor
96.________surprisedmemostwas________.
A.That…thatshespokeJapanesesowell
B.What…howcouldshespeakJapanesesowell
C.What…thatshespokeJapanesesowell
D.That…whyshecouldspeakJapanesesowell
97.________istodance.
A.ThatinterestsMaryreallyB.WhichreallyinterestsMary.
C.WhatreallyinterestsMaryD.WhatreallyinterestMary
98.Weweregreatlyamusedby________.
A.whatyouhavetoldusB.whichyouhadtoldus
C.whatyoutoldusD.thatyoutoldus
99.Thesecomputersaredifferentfrom________.
A.thatweexpectedB.whatweexpected
C.whichwehaveexpectedD.whatweexpect
100.________Tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom________.
A.That…thatyouhadexpectedB.What…thatyouhadexpected
C.That…whatyouhadexpectedD.What…whatyouhadexpected
参考答案:1-5.CDCDB6-10.BABCD11-15.ADCCA16-20.DABCA21-25.BBDDA26-30.BCDCC
31-35.ABCDC36-40.DABBC41-45.CCDDD46-50.ACBAA51-55.CCCAD56-60.ACBBA
61-65DABCD66-70CACDB71-75CBBCA76-80CCCCD81-85BADBC86-90ABDBA
91-95CABCB96-100CCCBD

高考英语第二轮专题复习Unit4Cyberspace语法解读


Unit4Cyberspace语法解读

将来时的结构

本单元我们要学习will和begoingto对将来进行推测的用法。除了这两个之外,我们还可以用shall,beto,beaboutto来表示将来要发生的事。它们都可以用来表示将来,但用法上还是会有细微的差别,来看看下面的表格:

句 式

用 法

例 句

shall/will1)两个都用来纯粹表示将发生的事。2)shall常和第一人称搭配使用,will可以和所有人称搭配使用。与主观愿望无关,常用will。

Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?

今晚7点你会在家吗?

WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst?

我们应该先读哪一段?begoingto+动词原形

1)表示主语的意图,即将做某事或打算做某事2)表示计划、安排要发生的事3)表示有迹象要发生的事

Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?

你明天干什么?

Thematchisgoingtobecancellednextmonth.

下个月的比赛要取消了。Lookatthedarkclouds;thereisgoingtobeastorm.beto+动词原形

指按计划或正安排将要发生的事,常指客观安排。

WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.

我们下周六讨论这个报告。beaboutto+动词原形

指马上做某事,就要发生。不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.

他要离开北京了。

条件状语从句

条件状语从句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句两种,在非真实的条件句中需要用虚拟语气。

一、如何判断这两种从句的类型

1)通过句子的意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,如果能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;如果假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。

2)判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反;通常有三种情况:①与过去事实相反;②与现在事实相反;③与将来事实可能相反。

二、真实条件句

真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中if是“如果”的意思。

条件从句

主句

意义

例句

一般现在时

shall/will+动词原形

未来可能发生的情况

Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.

如果他来,他会带他的小提琴。

一般现在时

祈使句

用于向某人提供建议、命令

Ifyouknowtheanswer,putupyourhands.

如果你知道答案,举手。

一般现在时

一般现在时

表示根据条件,经常或总是会发生的事或是真理。

Iflionsarehungry,theyhuntotheranimals.如果狮子饿了,它们就猎食其他动物。注意:在真实条件句中,主句不能用begoingto表示将来,该用shall,will。

(错)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.

(对)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.

如果你现在离开,你永远不会后悔。

三、非真实条件句用虚拟语气

1.if引导的非真实条件句可以表示过去、现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态推?后。如:?

Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.(与现在事实相反)

如果他们在,他们会帮助你的。

Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.(与过去事实相反)

如果你再小心一点的话,米饭是不会烧糊的。

Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.(与将来事实相反)

如果将来你成功了,一切都会好的。

时间段

条件状语从句

主 句

与现在事实相反

If+主语+did/were(动词过去时)

主语+would/should+动词原形do/be与过去事实相反

If+主语+haddone/been(动词过去完成时)

主语+would/should+过去分词havedone/been与将来事实相反If+主语+wereto+do(动词原形)should+do/be(动词原形)主语+would/should+动词原形do/be2.在wish后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用过去时,表示目前事与愿违,用过去完成时,表示过去某事与愿望相反,即相对于说话时,时态往前移(现在→过去,过去→过去的过去)。

3.在suggest,propose(建议),order,demand(命令),request,require,demand,desire(要求),insist(坚持)和prefer之后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用原形(should+原形)。

记忆要诀wish愿望句,

时态往前移,

建议命令和要求,

坚持动词用原形(should+原形)。

4.若干固定句中的虚拟语气

句式

动词形

意义

Ifitwerenotfor

主句would+原形

要不是……

Itishadnotbeenfor

主句would+have+过去分词

要不是……

Itistimethat...

过去或should+原形

现在该……是……的时候了

wouldratherthat...

过去表示现在的情况

过去完成表示过去的情况

但愿……

宁愿……

Ifonly..

过去表示现在的情况

过去完成表示过去的情况

……那该多好

……那就好了

高考英语第二轮专题复习Unit5 Rhythm语法解读


作为杰出的教学工作者,能够保证教课的顺利开展,作为教师就要好好准备好一份教案课件。教案可以让学生能够听懂教师所讲的内容,帮助教师能够井然有序的进行教学。优秀有创意的教案要怎样写呢?以下是小编收集整理的“高考英语第二轮专题复习Unit5 Rhythm语法解读”,希望对您的工作和生活有所帮助。

Unit5 Rhythm语法解读
状语从句
一、定义
状语从句在句中作状语,修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等,有时修饰整个主句。状语从句放在主句之前时,常用逗号分开;放在主句之后,一般不用逗号。
二、分类
状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较、地点状语从句。
1.时间状语从句
①时间状语从句常用的连词有when,as,while,before,after,since,till(until),once,assoonas,hardly...when..,nosooner...than,themoment等。
②时间状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。如:
I’llgoonwiththeworkwhenIcomebacktomorrow.
明天我回来后接着干这个工作。
③连词when,while,as都表示“当……时候”,但是when引导的从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生,也可以先后发生;用as,while时则强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。as和when可指时间的某个点,也可指一段时间,但while不可以表示某个点的时间,它所引导的从句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。如果主句表示的是短暂动作,而从句用延续动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时,as,when和while都可使用。如:
WhileIwasreading,hecamein.
他进来时,我正在阅读。
Ashewalkedalongthestreet,hesanghappily.
他走在大街上,高兴地唱着歌。
④till(until)表示“一直到……(为止)”时,主句和从句都用肯定式,主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词;not...until表示“直到……才……”时,主句用否定式,从句用肯定式,主句要用短暂性动词。如:
Hedidnotgetuptillhismothercamein.
直到他妈妈进来,他才起床。
Heworkeduntilitwasdark.
他一直工作到天黑。
⑤assoonas和themoment引导的从句表示“一……就……”。用nosooner...than和hardly...when引导的从句表示“刚……就……”时,主句中的动词一般用过去完成时,从句用过去时;而且当nosooner或hardly位于句首时主句采用部分倒装,即把助动词had提到前面。
AssoonasIfinishthework,I’llgotoseeyou.
我一完成工作就去看你。
HardlyhadIenteredtheroomwhenIheardloudnoise.
我刚走进房间就听见了巨大的声音。
⑥还有一些词,如immediately,directly,instantly和assoonas同义,也可引导时间状语从句。某些名词词组如theminute,theinstant,theday,theyear,everytime,nexttime等也可引导时间状语从句。如:
AlicerecognisedTominstantly/theinstantshesawhim.
艾丽丝一看见汤姆就认出他来了。
2.原因状语从句
1)原因状语从句常用because,since和as引导。如:
Asitissnowing,weshallnotgotothepark.
天在下雪,我们不去公园了吧。
注:for也可以引导句子表示原因。但不是从句。
辨析:because,since,as和for
①because引导原因状语从句,着重点在于说明听话人不知道的原因或理由。如:
Heisabsentbecauseheisill.他因病缺席。
YouwanttoknowwhyI’mleaving?BecauseI’mfedup.
你想知道我为什么要走吗?因为我待够了。
②since相对于because来说语气弱一点,侧重主句,从句表示显然的或已经知道的理由。
③as语气相对于since弱一点,表示“由于,因为”,着重点不在从句,而在于主句,原因、理由已为人们所知,只是附带说明。如:
Sheboughtherselfaniron,as/sinceshefeltshecouldn’tkeepborrowingAnne’s.
她自己买了个熨斗,因为她觉得不能老是借安妮的。
As/Sincewomenwerenotsupposedtobenovelists,shetookthenameGeorgeEliot.
由于人们认为女人是不能成为小说家的,她就用了乔治艾略特这个名字。
④for是表示因果概念的并列连词,它所引导的是一个并列句,不是从句。如:
Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundwasquitewetthismorning.
昨晚一定下了雨,因为今天早上地面很湿。
2)引导原因状语从句的其他连词有now(that),seeing(that),considering(that)等。如:
Now(that)alltheguestshavearrived,let’shavedinner.
既然客人都到了,我们开饭吧。
3.地点状语从句
地点状语从句常用where,wherever等连词引导;注意不要和where引导的定语从句混淆。如:
Weshallgowhereworkingconditionsaredifficult.(状语从句)
我们该去工作条件艰苦的地方。
Weshallgototheplacewhereworkingconditionsaredifficult.(定语从句)
我们应当到条件最艰苦的地方去。
4.条件状语从句
条件状语从句用if,unless(if...not),as(so)longas(只要),so(as)faras,incase,suppose,supposing(用于问句),onconditionthat,provided(that)等词引导,如果主句是将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时表示。如:
AslongasIlive,Ishallworkhard.
只要我活着就会努力工作。
IshallnotgotoschoolunlessIfinishmyhomework.
不完成作业,我是不会去上学的。
5.让步状语从句
让步状语从句由although(though),as,evenif,however,whatever,nomatterwho(how...),whether...or等词引导。如:
Nomatterwhoasksherforadvice,sheisalwaysreadytohelp.
无论谁问她建议,她都会帮忙。
注意:1)由as引导的让步状语从句,须将作表语的形容词或名词(名词前不用冠词)放在句首。如:
Cleverasheis,hedoesn’tstudywell.
尽管他非常聪明,却学得不好。
2)由although(though)引导的让步状语从句,主句不能用but。如:
Althoughitrainedheavily,theystillwentout.
虽然雨下得很大,他们还是出去了。
6.结果状语从句
结果状语从句一般由sothat,so...that...,such...that...引导,在非正式语体中,由so...that...,such...that...引导的句子中that可以省略。有时,such作代词,后面直接跟结果状语从句。如:
Theboxissoheavythatnobodycanmoveit.
这个盒子太重了没有人能够搬动它。
Itissuchaheavyboxthatnobodycanmoveit.
这个盒子太重了没有人能够搬动它。
7.目的状语从句
①目的状语从句常用sothat,inorderthat等引导,常放在主句之后。如:
Theystartedearlysothattheymightarriveintime.
他们出发得很早,以便按时到达。
Heworkshardinorderthathecanservethecountrywell.
为了更好地为国家服务,他工作非常努力。
②目的状语从句还可由incase,forfearthat等词引导,从句中还可用“should+动词原形”结构。如:
Takeyourraincoatincaseitshouldrain.
为了防止下雨,带上雨伞吧。
③so(that)既可引导目的状语从句,也可引导结果状语从句。但目的状语从句与前面的主句之间通常不用逗号,从句中有情态动词。
记忆要诀
相貌一样难分开
——目的状语与结果状语从句引导词sothat辨析
目的结果(so)that,
相貌一样难分开。
结果状语sothat,
主从停顿分两排;
目的状语sothat,
从句之中有情态。
主从之间没逗号,
一气呵成连起来。
注意:so...that结构中,so修饰的短语可置于句首,加强句子语气,主语和谓语动词要倒装。如:
SocrowdedisthisbusthatIcanhardlybreathe.
车上如此拥挤以至于我几乎喘不动气。
8.方式状语从句
方式状语从句放在主句之后,用as,justas,asif,asthough等引导。asif和asthough引导的从句一般用虚拟语气,但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现,也可用陈述语气。如:
Theoldmanrunsveryfastasifhewereayoungman.
那个老人跑得非常快,好像是个轻人。
Youmaydoasyouplease.
你想干什么就干什么吧。
9.比较状语从句
比较状语从句常用as...as...,than,notso...as...,themore...themore...等词引导。比较状语从句部分常是省略句。如:
Iknowyoubetterthanhedoes.我比他了解你。
Themorewecandoforyou,thehappierwewillbe.
我们为你做得越多,我们就越高兴。
三、as作为从属连词能引导五种状语从句
1.引导时间状语从句。as作“当……时”解,表示从句和主句的动作同时或几乎同时发生。如:
SheglancedatmecuriouslyasIopenedthedoor.
我开门时,她好奇地瞧了我一眼。(两动作略有先后)
AsIwascominghere,Imetyourbrother.
我往这儿来的时候,遇见了你哥哥。(前动作过程中,后动作发生)
HestareatmesolemnlyasIwentoutofthedoor.
我走出门时,他严肃地注视我。(两个动作同时发生)
Janeheardthestoryasshewashed.
珍妮边洗衣服边听故事。(两个长动作同时进行)
2.引导原因状语从句。as作“由于”“既然”解,着重用事实说明原因。如:
Asalltheseatsarefull,hestoodthere.
由于座无虚席,他站在那里。
3.引导方式状语从句。as作“按照”“如同”解。如:
Ihavechangeditasyouproposed.
我已按照你的建议做了修改。
DoitasIdo.我怎么干,你就怎么干。
这类状语从句中,“it+be”有时被省略掉。如:
As(itwas)expected,theforestationmovementrapidlyspread.
如所预料,植树造林运动迅速地被普遍掀起。
4.引导让步状语从句。as作“虽然”“尽管”解。如:
Childassheis,shecanwritegoodcompositions.
她虽幼,却能写出好作文。
Poorashewas,hewashonest.他虽穷,却很诚实。
5.引导比较状语从句。前一as是副词(“那样”),后一as是连词(“像……”)。
四、as,when,while用法有何异同
as“正当”“在……的同时”。
when“在……时”“当……的时候”。
while“在……期间”“在……过程中”。
1.在从句的长动作(包括延续性动词的一般时和进行时)的过程中,发生了主句的短动作(瞬时性动作的一般时),as,when,while三词都可用作连词,引出这一过程。如:
As(When,While)Iwaswalkingtoschool,IsawMr.Johnson.
我走向学校时,见到了约翰逊先生。
As(When,While)wewerestilllaughing,theteachercamein.
我们还在大笑时,老师进来了。
Ienteredwhile(as,when)themeetingwasgoingon.
会议正在进行时,我进来了。
2.两个一般时的长动作相并进行的时候,as,when,while都可用作连词。如:
Hesangas(while,when)heworked.他一边干活,一边唱歌。
Hervoicetrembledas(while,when)shespoke.
她讲话时,声音发颤。
3.两个进行时的长动作相并进行的时候,when,while可用作连词,as不可以。如:
Marywascookingsupperwhile(when)herbrotherwasplayingchess.
玛丽在做晚饭,那时她弟弟在下棋。
XiaoYangwassinginghappilywhile(when)hewasdrivinghome.
小杨开着车回家时,高兴地唱着歌。
4.两个短动作相并进行的时候或事件同时紧接着发生时,as,when可用作连词,while不可以。如:
Hearrivedjustas(when)Isteppedoutoftheroom.
就在我跨出房门时他到了。
Shethoughtofhimwhen(justas)shecaughtsightofthepavilion.
就在她猛地看见那亭子时,想到了他。
Heroseas(when)sheentered.她进来时他站了起来。
5.从句以系表结构表示状态时,when能用作连词,while间或能用来表示“在……?期间”。如:
Whenitiswet,thebusesarecrowded.
下雨天公共汽车就拥挤。
Ileftschoolwhenitwasdark.天黑了我离开了学校。
Hewentbacktohishomewhenhewas65.
他65岁时,返回故里。
6.不论从句还是主句,只要有一方用了完成时态,只有when能用作连词。如:
HardlyIhadfinishedmycompositionwhenthebellbegantoring.
我刚刚写完作文,铃就响了。
Whenwegottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.
我们到电影院时,电影已经开演了。
7.如果从句用瞬间性动词,主句用延续性动词,从句只能用when引出。如:
Whenhecamethismorning,wewerehavinganEnglishlesson.
今天上午他来的时候,我们在上英语课。
FatherwaswritingsomethingwhenIlefthome.
我从家出来时,父亲在写什么东西。
8.在表示时间上,while不能指时间的一点,因此while所引出的从句,谓语通常用延续性动词的一般时或进行时。如:
PleasewritewhileIdictate.请在我口述时,听写下来。
Ikeptsilentwhilehewaswriting.他写作时,我默不作声。
9.在表示对比时,while作“然而”解,从句可用“系表结构”或延续性动词作谓语。如:
Heislazywhilehisbrother(is)diligent.他懒惰,而他弟弟勤奋。
Hewasridingwhilehisfatherwalkedinthedust.
他在骑着马,而他父亲在尘埃中步行。
10.while还可以作“虽然”“趁着”“只要”解。如:
WhileIlikethecolourofthehat,Idon’tliketheshape.
我虽然喜欢这顶帽子的颜色,但我不喜欢这样式。
Makehaywhilethesunshines.趁着天晴晒干草。
在个别情况下,while从句用瞬间性动词,表示“在……的同时”。如:
Whileheleft,herememberedthekey.
在他走的当儿,他想起了钥匙。

高考英语二轮专题复习10情景交际


一名优秀的教师在教学方面无论做什么事都有计划和准备,高中教师要准备好教案,这是每个高中教师都不可缺少的。教案可以保证学生们在上课时能够更好的听课,帮助高中教师营造一个良好的教学氛围。写好一份优质的高中教案要怎么做呢?以下是小编为大家精心整理的“高考英语二轮专题复习10情景交际”,希望对您的工作和生活有所帮助。

情景交际

1.日常交际应答语
①应答对方的感谢;
②应答对方的道歉;
③应答对方的劝告和建议;
④应答对方的请求;
⑤应答对方的要求;
⑥应答对方的邀请;
⑦应答对方的祝愿、祝贺;
⑧应答对方的鼓励和赞扬;
⑨应答对方的帮助。
2.情感态度的表达
①表示惊奇;
②表示同情;
③表示安慰;
④表示鼓励;
⑤表示同意;
⑥表示不同意;
⑦表示不在乎。
3.日常交际问答
①问候;
②问时间、日期;
③打电话;
④购物;
⑤问路。
4.几个常考的交际用语
①Italldepends!(视情况而定);
②whatif(倘若......会怎么样);
③Whatfor?(做什么用,为什么);
④Sowhat?(那又怎么样);
⑤Gotit!(明白了);
⑥Takeyourtime.(别着急);
⑦Takeiteasy.(放松点);
⑧It’supto…(由……决定)。

I.日常交际应答语
1.感谢与应答
感谢
Thankyouverymuch.
Thanksalot.
Manythanks.
应答
Thatsallright.
Thanksforhelpingme.
Yourewelcome.
ThatsOK.
Notatall.
It’smypleausre.
Don’tmentionit.
It’snothing.
Thinknothingofit.
Forgetit.
2.道歉与应答
道歉
Imsorry.
Imsorrytotroubleyou.
I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.
应答
Itdoesntmatter.
Itsnotimportant.
Thats/It’snothing.
Notatall.
Nevermind.
That’sallright.
Forgetit.
That’sOK.
Noproblem.
Nottoworry.
3.劝告、建议与应答
劝告和建议
Ithinkyououghtto…我想你应该……
IfIwereyou,I’d…如果我是你,我会……
Itmightbeagoodideaifyou…如果你……这倒是个好主意。
Haveyoueverthoughtof…?你是否想过要……?
Irecommendthat……我建议……
Istronglyadviseyouto……我极力主张你……
Youreallyoughtto……你的确应该……
Personally,Ithinkyou’dbetter……依我看,你最好……
Whynotdo……?为什么不……?
Whydon’tyoudo……?你为什么不……?
Isuggestthat……我建议……
Whataboutdoing……?……怎么样?
Howaboutdoing……?……怎么样?
Shallwe……?我们去……好吗?
Let’s……,shallwe?让我们去……好吗?
Youneed(to)……你需要……
应答
肯定的:
Goodidea.
That’sgreat.
Soundsgreat.
Itsoundsgreat.
That’sfine.
Whynot?
否定的:
I’dloveto,but…
I’mafraid…
It’sanidea,but…
4.请求与应答
请求
MayI...?
CanI?
CouldI...?
DoyoumindifI…
应答
肯定的:
Withpleasure.
Certainly(Ofcourse)
Sure,goahead.
Yes,helpyourself.
OfCoursenot,goahead(回答DoyoumindifI…的请求)
否定的:
I’mafraidnot.
Betternot.
I’dratheryoudidn’t.
5.应答对方的要求
肯定的:
Allright.
Iwill.
否定的:
Noway.
Forgetit.
—Doremembertocallmeupwhenyouarrive.—Iwill.
—IthinkyoushouldphoneJennyandsaysorrytoher.—Noway.Itwasherfault.
6.邀请与应答
邀请
Wouldyouliketo…?
Whydon’twe…?
应答
肯定的:
Thatwouldbefine.
Tha’sverykindofyou.
Allright.
Yes,I’dloveto.
否定的:
I’dloveto,but…
Sorry,Ican’t.
I’mafraidIcan’t.
7.祝愿、祝贺与应答
祝愿、祝贺
Goodluck!
Bestwishestoyou.
Haveanice/goodtime/journey.
Congratulations!
HappyNewYear!
MerryChristmas!
Happybirthdaytoyou.
应答
Thankyou!
Thesametoyou.
You,too.
—HappyNewYear!(MerryChristmas!)
—Thesametoyou.(You,too.)
8.鼓励、赞扬与应答
鼓励、赞扬
Verygood.
Welldone.
Wonderful.
Excellent.
Comeon.
Keeptrying.
Youcandoit.
应答
Thankyou.
OK.
I’lltryitagain.
9.提供帮助与应答
主动提供帮助时:
CanIhelpyou?
WhatcanIdoforyou
Wouldyoulikemetohelpyou?
Doyouwantmeto…
Letme…
需要别人帮助时:
Yes,please
ThankyouforyourhelpThanks.
不需要别人帮助时:
No,thankyouthankyouallthesame.
That’sverykindofyou,but…
II.情感态度的表达
1.表示惊奇
Really?
Howcome?(何以会……?为什么)
Whatasurprise!
Oh,dear!
Goodheavens!
2.表示同情
I’msorrytohearthat.
Don’tworry.
Whatapity!
That’sreallyunlucky.
Badluck.
Justmyluck.
3.表示安慰
Don’tworry.
Don’tbeafraid.
Takeyourtime.
Takeiteasy.
Makeyourselfathome.
It’squiteallright.
It’llbeOK.
4.表示鼓励
Comeon.
Cheerup.
Youcandoit.
Youwillmakeit.
5.表示同意
Iquiteagree.
Icouldn’tagreemore.
Exactly.
Certainly.
Absolutely.
Ofcourse.
Allright.
That’sagoodidea.
Noproblem.
Ithinkso.
6.表示不同意
Notreally.
NotExactly.
Idon’tquiteagree.
Idon’tthinkso.
I’mafraidnot.
It’shardtosay.
Well,that’sdepend.
Noway.
Ofcoursenot.
7.表示不在乎
Sowhat?
Whocares?
III.日常交际问答
1.问候
①A:Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.
Hello/Hi.
Howdoyoudo?
Nicetomeetyou.
B:答语与问候语相同。
②A:Howareyou?
B:Fine,thankyou.Andyou?
A:Verywell,thankyou.
2.问时间、日期
A:Whatdayisit?B:ItsMonday.
A:Whatsthedate?B:ItsJan.10th.
A:Whatsthetime,please?B:Itsfiveoclock/halfpastfive...Itstimeto...
3.打电话
Thisis…(speaking).我是……(不说Iam…)
Itis…here.我是……
MayIspeakto…,please?请找……接电话好吗?
CanIspeakto…,please?请找……接电话好吗?
CouldIspeakto…,please?请找……接电话好吗?
I’dliketospeakto…,please.请找……接电话好吗?
Who’sthat(speaking/calling)?你是谁?(不说Whoareyou?)
Isthat…(speaking)?你是……吗?
Is…there?……在吗?
Is…in?……在吗?
Holdon,please.请稍等。
Holdtheline,please.请稍等。
CanItakeamessage?你可以留个口信吗?(对方要找的人不在时)
Canyougive/leaveamessage?你可以留个口信吗?(对方要找的人不在时)
Can/CouldIaskwhoiscalling?请问您是哪位?
MayIhaveyourtelephonenumber?您的电话号码是多少?
4.购物
WhatcanIdoforyou?您要买点什么?
CanIhelpyou? 您要买点什么?
What’sthepriceof…?……的价钱是多少?
Howmuchis…?……多少钱?
It’swellworththemoney.很合算。
Haveyougotanythingalittlecheaper?有没有比这便宜点的?
Howmuchdoesitcometo?总共多少钱?
Howmuchisitaltogether?总共多少钱?
Tryitforsize.试试大小。
Willyoushowme…?请拿给我看……?
Haveyougotany…?你们有……吗?
It’sabittoolarge(small,plain.gaudyetc.)forme.
这对于我来说太大(太小,太素,太花哨等)了。
That’sfine.I’lltakeit.那好,我买了。
That’stooexpensive,I’mafraid.恐怕那太贵了。
Whatcolourdoyouwant?你要什么颜色?
Whatsizedoyouwant?你要什么尺寸的?
Doyouhaveanyotherkind?你们有别的种类吗?
5.问路
Excuseme.Where’s…?劳驾,……在什么地方?
Excuseme.Canyoutellmethewayto…?劳驾,你能告诉我去……的路吗?
HowcanIgetto…?我怎样去……?
Godownthisstreet.顺着这条街走。
Turnrightatthefirstcrossing.在第一个十字路口向右拐。
Turnleftatthesecondcrossing.在第二个十字路口向左拐。
It’sabout…metresfromhere.离这里大约有……米。
It’sonlyaten-minutewalkfromhere.走十分钟就到了。
Gostraightaheadtillyousee…一直往前走直到你看见……
IV.建议和提醒
交际用语要注意中西方的差异,这点非常重要,往往考生失分就在于忽视了中西方文化上的差异。交际用语的不仅在单选里考查,听力里也有所涉及。所以,平时做听力时也可以积累交际上的回答,注意体味情景的含义。交际用语的复习不要刻意投入太多的时间,把平时该掌握的掌握好就可以了!
根据大纲的要求,我们考生所要熟悉的功能意念部分包括:问候,介绍,告别,感谢和应答,祝愿、祝贺和应答,邀请和应答,提供(帮助等)和应答,约会,意原和希望,请求、允许和应答;同意和不同意,喜好和厌恶,决断和坚持,判断和意见,职责,能力,偏爱,责备和抱怨,肯定和不肯定,禁止和警告,可能和不可能,预见、猜测和相信,请求,劝告和建议,许诺,提醒,表示焦虑,表示惊奇,表示喜悦等三十余项。
以及所要熟悉的情景场所部分的对话:包括谈论天气,购物,问路和应答,问时间、日期和应答,就餐,打电话,传递信息,看病,求救,语言困难,标志和说明等十余项。
同时解题时要做到“四忌”
一忌上词下用
上词下用指的是答句部分延用了题干句子的重点词、信息词,按表层意思似乎合情合理,但往往为错误的“虚像”,需经进一步分析后才能确定正确选项。典型的例子如用“Idon’t”应答“Don’tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow”,用“Don’tbesorry”回答“I’msorryIbrokeyourmirror”,以及用“Nothanks”回答“Thankyoueversomuchforthebookyousentme.”避免“上词下用”的误区,一是确认题目涉及的交际功能项目,二是确认句子上下文语境,三是确认正确的话语方式。请看下例:
—IwonderifIcoulduseyourtelephone.
—________.
A.IwonderhowB.Idon’twonderC.Sorry,it’soutoforderD.Nowonder,hereitis
解析:尽管该题中反复出现“wonder”一词,但通过仔细审题可确定其考查的功能项目为征求对方意见,问句相当于“CouldIuseyourtelephone?”综合语境和话题的分析,正确的答话方式一般为“Ofcourseyoucan”(肯定)或“Sorry,youcan’t”(否定),也只有C项符合题意,A、B、D项均属典型的“上词下用”现象,而且D项中的“Nowonder”意思为“难怪”,更是和题干内容相差甚远。?
二忌中文思维
与上词下用比较,这一误区更具迷惑力,因为无论按题目内容或是按思维方式来考虑,都非常符合中国学生的习惯。显然,掌握英汉两种语言和文化之间的相同和相异之处,对于准确解题至关重要。考生解题失误之一是按汉语的表达方式和结构去套英语,去选答案,这属于语言知识的“负迁移”。请看下例:
—Doyouthinkit’sgoingtorainovertheweekend?
—________.
A.Idon’tbelieveB.Idon’tbelieveitC.IbelievenotsoD.Ibelievenot
解析:以Doyouthink…?这样的句子来提问,用D项来回答表示否定,显然不符合中文的表达习惯,这也正是许多考生选了A、B、C项的原因。另一个更常见的失误是套用中国文化模式。违背英语国家的思维方式和文化习俗,这属于文化方面的“负迁移”。
三忌直接回绝
这主要是指在对方要求得到帮助,提出请求或邀请时,回答过于直接,不够委婉,尽管从语义角度分析是没毛病的,但不符合英语国家的交际习惯。“请求”方面的问话有MayI…?/CanI…?/IwonderifIcould…/DoyoumindifI…?等,“邀请”方面的问话有Willyou…?/Wouldyouliketo…?/I’dliketoinviteto…等。在作否定回答时,为了表示礼貌和委婉,通常要用一些委婉词,如but,I’mafraid,I’msorry,thanks,please,hadbetter等。请看下例:
—Ididn’tknowthiswasaone-waystreet,officer.
—________?
A.That’sallright.B.Idon’tbelieveyou.C.Howdareyousaythat?D.Sorry,butthat’snoexcuse.?
解析:许多考生有可能选B、C项,这是没有注意到西方人生活、工作中交往的必要礼节,答话时过于生硬,没有顾及他人感情,而正确答案D项正是在充分考虑到说话双方的身份,彼此之间的关系以及说话人的立场和态度的基础上做出的选择。
四忌答非所问
应该说答非所问的错误比较容易察觉,如果问话与答话的内容风牛马不相及的话,考生可以迅速排除。但有时双方会话内容有所关联,但仔细推敲发现其实答语并不切题。最典型的例子是Withpleasure和It’sapleasure。前者一般在事前回答,表示“非常愿意”。后者一般在事后回答,表示“不用客气”。请看下例:
—Sorry,Icouldntcometotheparty.Iwassickthatday.
—_________.
A.IdontknowthatB.ThatsallrightC.Yes,wellhaveanotherpartyD.No,thepartywasntheld
解析:A、C和D三项均明显地答非所问,与问句无关;只有D项能够作出直接的答复。

1.—Thisfreegiftdoesntlookgood.
—_____________,madam,butifyouwantgoodquality,youhavetopayforit.
A.NoproblemB.NodoubtC.NooffenceD.Noway
2.—Wasyesterday’spartyagreatsuccess?
—______.Tom,whoisagoodmixer,didn’tshowup.
A.NotsurprisinglyB.NotnecessarilyC.NotexactlyD.Notreally
3.——CanIgetyouacupofcoffee?
——___________.
A.Withpleasure.B.Youcanplease.C.That’sveryniceofyou.D.Thankyouforthecoffee.
4.—I’msoanxiousaboutmydrivingtesttomorrow.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomeadvice?
—____.I’msureyouaregoodenoughtopassit.Beconfidentofyourself.
A.AbsolutelyB.TakeiteasyC.YouarerightD.Notreally
5.—Youshouldn’thavetakenpicturesbeforethecarvedstones.
—___________.
A.PardonmeB.Yes,IwillC.NevermindD.Don’tmentionit
6.—PleasetellBrucehehaswonthefirstprizeinthemathscontest.
—________!Heneverdidsowellbefore.
A.CongratulationsB.GoodluckC.That’srightD.Whatagoodsurprise
7.—Tom,Igotastrangecallthismorning,sayingIhadwonanexpensivecar,whichpuzzledme.
—___________
A.Congratulations.B.Youarealuckydog.C.Forgetit.It’stooexpensive.D.Perhapsit’satrick
8.—Don’tyouagreewithwhathesaid?
—Yes,!Itcan’tbe.
A.approximately;betterB.absolutely;betterC.relatively;worseD.fortunately;worse
9.—I’dliketoinviteyoutomynewhousethisSunday.
—________.
A.Oh,no.Let’snotB.I’mverysorry,butIhaveotherplans
C.I’dratherstayathomeD.Oh,no.That’llbetoomuchtrouble
10.—Sorry,Peter.I’mafraidthatIcan’tgotothecrosstalkshowbyGuoDegangwithyou.
—!Whoknowswhenhewillcomeherenexttime?
A.TakeiteasyB.WhatashameC.Itdoesn’tmatterD.Doasyoulike
11.—Doyoumindmysmokinghere?
—__________!
A.No,thanksB.No.GoodideaC.Yes,pleaseD.Yes.Betternot
12.—Tom,wouldyouliketocometoourdinnerparty?
—_____.
A.Yes,IwouldB.Sure,it’smypleasureC.No,Ican’tcomeD.Yes,withpleasure
13.—MynameisJackSmith.________
—Hi!I’mJackson.
A.Howdoyoudo?B.Nicetomeetyouagain.
C.Howaboutyou?D.Howareyou?
14.—Hergrandpapassedawayyesterday.
—______.
A.Howdoyoulikeit?B.Hewasakindman.C.Sorrytohearthat.D.Whatshallwedo?
15.—ShallwegotherenextSunday?
—________?
—Toseethefootballmatch.
A.WhatwithB.WhatbyC.WhatforD.Whaton
16.—IsthereanythingIcandoforyou,sir?
—_____.
A.Perhaps.GoaheadB.No.Takeyourtime
C.Yes.YourewelcomeD.Notnow.Thanksanyway
17.—Sorry,Icantgocampingwithyou.Ihavetopreparewellenoughfortheentrance-exam.
—________!Wecancamptogethernexttime.
A.DontsaysoB.CongratulationsC.GoodluckD.Noproblem
18.—I’mgoingtotraveltoSydney.Wouldyoupleasetellmeaboutyourexperiencesthere?
—________.Let’sdiscussitoverlunch.
A.GoaheadB.ItjustdependsC.That’swonderfulD.Byallmeans
19.—ShallIbeginthelecture?
—I’mafraidwehavetowaitforawhile.Johniscomingwithamicrophone.
—.Icandowithoutthemicrophone.
A.I’msorryB.ExcusemeC.IbegyourpardonD.Nevermind
20.—Willhebebackbytentonight?
—No,_____.
A.IthinknotsoB.I’mnotafraidC.I’mafraidnotD.Idon’thopeso
21.—Tom,youaresmokingagain?
—______?It’snoneofyourbusiness.
A.SowhatB.HowcomeC.WhynotD.Whatfor
22.—Youmustobeyeverywordofmine!
一______Idon’t?
A.HowaboutB.WhatifC.SowhatD.whatabout
23.—Doremembertochargethebattery12hourswhenyoufirstuseit.
—.
A.MadeitB.GotitC.UnderstooditD.Rememberedit
24.—Whatkindofdancingdoyoulike?
—____________.Ifit’srockmusicI’lldodisco,andifit’sromanticmusicI’lldoballet.
A.pardonB.Ican’ttellyouC.ItalldependsD.Notexactly
25.—DoyouthinkIshouldjointhesinginggroup,Mary?
—_____.IfIwereinyourshoes,Icertainlywould.
A.NoneofyourbusinessB.ItdependsC.WhynotD.Idon’tthinkso
26.—Isthereanythingwrongwithmyheart?
—Nothingserious.____________.
A.Takeiteasy.B.CheerupC.NowayD.Whatapity
27.—Excuseme,couldyoupleasesparemeafewminutestoexplainthis?
—Sorry,butImustgotoameetingnow.
—_______________.
A.ThanksalotB.WhatapityC.IamsorrytohearthatD.Thanksanyway
28.—WhoseadvicedoyouthinkIshouldfollow?
—___________.
A.NoproblemB.ComeonC.It’suptoyouD.Well,that’slife
29.—Canyouturndowntheradio,please?
—________.
A.Oh,IknowB.Imsorry;Ididntrealizeitwasthatloud
C.Illkeepitdownnexttime.D.Pleaseforgiveme
30.—I’mnotgoodatbasketball,youknow.
—_______We’replayingforfun.Justtryandyou’llseeyoucandoit.
A.Well,itdepends.B.Takeyourtime.C.Comeon!D.That’sOK.
31.—ShallIgiveyouahandwiththisasyouaresobusynow?
—Thankyou._______.
A.OfcourseyoucanB.IfyoulikeC.It’suptoyouD.Itcouldn’tbebetter
32.—Ican’tfinishthepaperuntiltomorrow,I’mafraid.
—That’sOK,there’s______.
A.noproblemB.nohurryC.nodoubtD.nowonder
33.—Wouldyoulikeanothercupoftea?
—Thanks,.
A.butwhynotB.butI’drathernotC.andI’dlikenotD.andI’drathernot
34.—I’mafraidIcan’tfinishthebookwithinthisweek.
—-_______.
A.PleasegoaheadB.That’srightC.NotatallD.Takeyourtime
35.—Imnotgoodatsinging,youknow.
—Itsjustforfun.
A.Noproblem.B.Comeon!C.Whatapity!D.Cheerup.
36.—MichaelwaslateforMr.Smith’soralclassthismorning.
—_____?AsfarasIknow,henevercamelatetoclass.
A.HowcomeB.SowhatC.WhynotD.Whatfor
37.—Hi,MrYu,Iwanttobuyapen,butIhappentohavenomoneywithme.Couldyoulendmesome?
—__________.
A.That’sfineB.NothingseriousC.NevermindD.Noproblem
38.—Couldyoupleasetellmetheanswertothisquestion?
—_______________!Itisnotmystyletohelppeoplecheat.
A.NoproblemB.NowayC.NotatallD.Nodoubt
39.—Let’sgohikingthisafternoon,Ok?
—__________
A.Notatall.B.Nevermind.C.Whynot?D.Whatofit?
40.—Thetoastbreadisreallydelicious.CanIhaveasecondpiece?
—_________.
A.BehaveyourselfB.HelpyourselfC.DoityourselfD.Goaheadifyoudon’tmind
41.—Whydon’tyoutakeataxithere?It’llsaveyoualotoftime.
—_________.
A.Thankyouanyway!B.Yes,let’s.C.Goodidea!D.That’sallright.
42.—TheWHOexpertpointsoutthattheH1N1fluremainsaconstantthreattothehealthstateofthewholeworld.
—.It’sreallyaseriousproblemfacingus.
A.Sorry,butIcantB.No,IagreewithyouC.ItsoundsagoodideaD.Ican’tagreemore
43.—Iwaslateforworkthismorning.
—_________Youstartedearly,didn’tyou?
A.Whynot?B.Sowhat?C.Howcome?D.Nevermind..
44.—ShallIbeginthelecture?
-Iafraidwehavetowaitforawhile.Johniscomingwithamicrophone.
-.Icandowithoutthemicrophone.
A.ImsorryB.ExcusemeC.IbegyourpardonD.Nevermind
45.—Howareyougettingonwithyourwork?—.
A.ThankyouB.Fine,thankyouC.Quitewell,thankyouD.Whydoyouaskso?
46.—Shallwegooutforadrinktonight?—______.
A.YouarerightB.ItmustbefunnyC.ThatsoundsgreatD.Haveanicetime.
47.—WouldyoumindifIopenedthewindow?
—______.Infact,Iwasgoingtosuggestyou____it.
A.Yes;notdidB.Notatall;doC.Moreorless;didD.Ofcourse;do
48.—Thankyouverymuchforhelpingmeoutoftrouble,Bob.
—____________.
A.WithpleasureB.Don’tmentionitC.That’srightD.Ihopeso
49.—CanItakeaweek’sholiday,Sir?
—_________;wearetoobusyatpresent.
A.Don’tworryB.Don’tmentionitC.ForgetitD.Noproblem
50.—Don’tinterruptmewhileI’mexplainingtheproblemstoyou.
—______.
A.Allright,goaheadB.It’smypleasureC.Ofcourse,withpleasureD.Notatall
1-5CDCBA6-10DDBBB11-15DDACC16-20DCDDC21-25ABBCC
26-30ADCBC31-35DBBDB36-40ADBCB41-45CDCDC46-50CBBCA

w.