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发表时间:2020-12-09

高考英语语法专题复习定语从句。

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Unit7TheSea

语法剖析
关系副词引导的定语从句;引导词前有介词的定语从句
1.观察下列句子:?
TheplacewhereIwentlastsummeristheMountainTai.我去去的地方是泰山。?
IrememberthedayswhenIstayedinThailand.我还记得在泰国的那些日子。?
ThereasonwhyJackissohappyisthathepassedtheexam.杰克之所以那么高兴是因为他通过了考试。?
我们已经学习了用关系代词that,which,who/whom引导的定语从句。回忆一下规则,我们可以判断,以上的三个句子不可以用这几个关系代词引导。因为,关系代词要在定语从句中充当主语或宾语,而这几个句子中,定语从句部分均不缺这两种成分,所以,应该使用关系副词where,when和why。显然,where的先行词应该是表示地点的名词或代词,when的先行词是表示时间的名词或代词;而why的先行词应该是表示原因的名词reason。
2.我们对上面的三个句子作些改变:?
TheplacetowhichIwentlastsummeristheMountainTai.?
IrememberthedaysinwhichIstayedinThailand.?
ThereasonforwhichJackissohappyisthathepassedtheexam.?
可以看出,上面的三个句子都需要代词来引导,并作介词的宾语。所以,我们要用关系代词which或that。但是,that是不能跟在介词之后引导定语从句的。因此,这三个句子都用which来作引导词。
3.介词放在关系代词之前的注意事项:?
(1)有的介词是定语从句中词组的固定搭配拆开的结果,即用什么介词由从句中的动词决定。如:?
Heistheboywho/whomIwastalkingto.他是我刚才与之交谈的男孩。?
→HeistheboytowhomIwastalking.?
(2)有的介词是根据句意添加上去的,即用什么介词由先行词决定。如:?
Thisisthesubjectonwhichhemadegreatprogress.这就是他取得巨大进步的科目。?
Heemployed30men,ofwhom12werefromhishometown.他雇了30个人,其中有12个是他的老乡。?
(3)定语从句中的词组若是十分密切的固定搭配,一般不可拆开。如:?
Isthisthepenthat/whichyouarelookingfor?这是你在找的那枝笔吗??
Thebabywho/whommysistertakescareofissolovely.我姐姐照顾的那个婴儿是如此的可爱。(4)表时间的“介词+which”=when;表地点的“介词+which”=where;表原因的“for+which”=why。
复习英语中的比较结构?
1.比较结构通常有下列表现形式:?
(1)表述两者或两者以上在某方面相似:as...as...?
(2)表述两者或两者以上在某方面程度不同:notas...as...;more...than...?
(3)表述某人或某物在某方面的独特或独一无二:themost+adj.?如:?
MikeisastallasourP.E.teacher.麦克和体育老师一样高。?
IamnotastallasMike,thatis,heistallerthanI.
?我不如麦克高,也就是说,他比我高。?
Mikeisthetallestboyinourclass,thatis,nooneistallerthanhim.
?麦克是我们班上最高的男生,就是说,没人比他更高。
2.几种特殊的比较结构:
(1)表述某人或某物在某方面无与伦比:?
Won’tfindamore...=bethemost... 如:?
Mickisthetallestboyinourclass,thatis,youwon?tfindatallerboyhere!
?麦克是我们班上最高的男生,就是说,在这里,你不会见到比他更高的男生了。?
(2)表述“越……就越……”:themore...,themore... 如:?
Themoreheeats,thefatterhebecomes;thefatterhebecomes,thelessconfidenthewillbe.
?吃得越多,他就越胖;变得越胖,他就越没有自信。?
(3)表述某人或某物在某方面的程度成倍数关系:?
①倍数+as...as:是……的几倍?
②倍数+more...than:比……程度强/多几倍?
③倍数+the+抽象名词(表示“量度、程度”等意义的词):是……的几倍 如:?
“长江的长度是这条河的三倍”有三种表达方式:?
TheChangjiangRiveristhreetimesaslongasthisriver.?
TheChangjiangRiveristwicelongerthanthisriver.?
TheChangjiangRiveristhreetimesthelengthofthisriver.

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高考语法专题:定语从句


高考语法专题:定语从句
考纲新研读
考查的重点是介词+关系代词which,whom引导的定语从句;非限制性定语从句也时有考查。
1.限制性定语从句
句子作定语,由关系代词和关系副词引导,被修饰部
分叫先行词。
(1)关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose,在句子中
作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
that,指人或物:
Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?
Thefinger(that)Iputintomymouthwasnottheone
(that)I
haddippedintothecup.
which,指物:
Achemical’sshopisashopwhichsellsmedicine.(作主语)
Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.(作宾语)
who,whom,whose,指人,分别做主语、宾语和定语:
Themanwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisournewheadmaster.
Who’stheman(whom)youjusttalkedto?
Thisistheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.
介词后指人用whom,指物用which。
介词可提前,也可在后;在后时可用who,that,也可省略:
Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.
=Thisistheroom
(which/that)welivedinlastyear.
Who’sthemanwithwhomyoujustshookhands?=Who’sthe
man(who/whom/that)youjustshookhandswith?
但是固定搭配,介词不能提前:
Isthisthebookwhichshewaslookingfor?
(2)关系副词:when,where,why,在定语从句中分别作时间、地点
和原因状语。
when,指时间:
Istillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)IfirstcametoBeijing.
比较:IstillrememberthedaythatIspentinBeijing.
where,指地点:
Thisisthehousewhere(inwhich)Ilivedtwoyearsago.
比较:ThisisthehousethatIboughttwoyearsago.
why,指原因:在“reason”后:
Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthatthecarbrokedownontheway.
比较:Thereasonthathegaveusisnotreasonable.
(3)thesame...as;such...as引导的定语从句:
ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.
Youshouldpaymoreattentiontosuchmistakesasyoumadelast
time.
Thisissuchaninterestingbookaseveryonelikestoread.
(4)定语从句典例:
LiHuaisoneoftheboyswhoareneverlateforschool.
(who指boys)
李华是从不迟到的男孩之一。
LiHuaistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoisneverlateforschool.
(who指one)
李华是男孩中唯一从不迟到的。
Isthisnewteachingbuildingtheoneyouvisitedlastnight?
(变为陈述句后,is移到building之后。)
Isthisthenewteachingbuildingyouvisitedlastnight?
(变为陈述句后,is移到this之后。)
Whoisthemanthatistalkingwithourteacher?
(为避免重复,用that不用who)
(5)定语从句应注意的几点:
A.that引导的定语从句与that引导的同位语从句的区别:
Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.
(that引导的是定语从句,that作宾语,可省略。)
ThefactthattheChineseinventedthecompassisknownto
all.
(that引导的是同位语从句,that不作成分,不能省略,句子
介绍的是fact的具体内容。)
B.用that不用which:两者都可表物,大部分情况可通用,但下
列情况例外:
先行词为all,few,much,little,nothing,everything,anything等:
Allthatmustbedonehasbeendone.
ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.
先行词被all,few,little,any,thevery,theonly,first,second,
last或形容词的最高级修饰时:
That’stheonlythingthatwecandonow.
ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.
先行词既有人也有物时:
Myfatherandhisteachertalkedofthingsandpersons(that)
theyrememberedintheschool.
C.用which不用that:指物,在介词后或引导非限制性定语从句:
I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedthearmy.
Thatwastheway(inwhich)shelookedafterus.
Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedalloverthe
world.
2.非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语,而非限制性定语从句
只是附加说明,如果去掉,主句意思仍然清楚。非限制性定语从
句用逗号与主句隔开,由which,who,whom,whose,where,when、
等引导:
Hisbrother,whoisaPLAman,wrotetohim.(只有一个哥哥)
HisbrotherwhoisaPLAmanwrotetohim.(不只一个哥哥)
Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedalloverthe
world.
We’llputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewon’tbeso
busy.
Hetookoutapieceofpaper,onwhichwerewrittensomewords.
Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.
比较:“他有两个女儿,其中一个是护士。”
Hehastwodaughters,oneofwhomworksasanurse.
(非限制性定语从句)
Hehastwodaughters,andoneofthemworksasanurse.(并列句)
另外,as和which引导非限制性定语从句,可代替整个句子,as指熟知的内容,引导的句子可在句首、句中和句尾;而which指没想到的事情或客观事实,且只能在句尾。比较:
Asisknowntoall,TaiwanbelongstoChina.
Theearth,asweknow,goesaroundthesun.
Heisagainsttheidea,ascanbeexpected.
HehastoworkonSundays,whichhedoesn’tlike.
Sheremarried,aswehadexpected.
3.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
(1)介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,修饰物时用which不用that,
修饰人时用whom不用who。例如:
Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.
Who’sthecomradewithwhomyoujustshookhands?
(2)注意:固定搭配,介词不能提前。例如:
Isthisthebookwhichshewaslookingfor?
(3)既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句。
例如:
Behaviorisamirrorinwhicheveryoneshowshisimage.
Lifeisapieceofwhitepaper,onwhicheveryonecanputone
ortwooftheirownwordsdown.
Theyarrivedatanoldchurch,infrontofwhichstoodabig
crowdofpeople.
Alsopresentweretwoofhiscolleagues,oneofwhomwas
injured.
高考新剖析
1.Aperson__________e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeableto
sendorreceiveanye-mails.[年高考天津卷]
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever
2.Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,________wasverykind
ofhim.[年高考全国卷Ⅱ]
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
C
A
3.Wewentthroughaperiod_________communicationswerevery
difficultintheruralareas.[2008年高考上海卷]
A.whichB.whose
C.inwhichD.withwhich
4.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut__________he
saidit.
A.thewayB.inthewaythat
C.inthewayD.thewaywhich
5.Anyway,thatevening,__________I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,
IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.
A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which
6.GeorgeOrwell,__________wasEricArthur,wrotemany
politicalnovelsandessays.
A.therealnameB.whathisrealname
C.hisrealnameD.whoserealname
C
A
D
D
7.—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?
—Thereisnooneelse__________,isthere?
A.whototurntoB.shecanturnto
C.forwhomtoturnD.forhertoturn
8.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,__________shewenton
tohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.
A.afterthatB.fromthat
C.fromwhichD.afterwhich
9.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,__________
wasbeyondhiswildestdream.
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
10.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,__________hewent
ontoBeijingUniversity.
A.afterwhichB.afterthat
C.inwhichD.inthat
B
D
A
A
精题新探究
__________isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywas
completelybetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.
A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It
2.Thisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgames__________Ihaveeverseen.
A.whereB.thatC.whatD.which
3.Thecoursenormallyattracts20studentsperyear,__________uptohalfwillbefromoverseas.
A.inwhichB.forwhich
C.withwhichD.ofwhom
4.Children,inmyopinion,__________creativeabilityisunthinkablyrich,isseldomtakennoticeofbyus,__________shouldbetrainedinthatarea.
A.which;thatB.whose;which
C.which;whichD.whose;that
C
B
D
B
5.Atlast,thethiefhadtohandineverything__________hehad
stolentothepolice.
A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that
6.__________isknowntotheworld,China’sLiuXiangbecame
thefirstAsianinhistorytowinthemen’s110mhurdlesatthe
OlympicGames.
A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It
7.Idon’tknowthereason__________youwereabsentfromthe
meeting,butIamnotsurethatsomeonewilltellmethereason
__________youhaven’ttoldme.
A.why;thatB.that;why
C.because;whyD.ofwhich;that
8.Whenshecamebackfromabroad,Lucytoldusaboutthe
citiesandthepeople__________shehadvisited.
A.thatB.whoC.whereD.which
D
C
A
A
9.Becauseofthetrafficjam__________Iwascaught,Iwaslatefor
themeeting.
A.bywhichB.inwhich
C.thatD.where
10.Inmyhometown,thereisamysteriousdarkhole,__________
depthhasneverbeenmeasured.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose
11.Onthewhole,thetime__________thestudentsdevotetothe
gameintheInternetcafeswithoutdoubthasagreateffectonthe
studyintheschool.
A.inwhichB.onwhich
C.whenD.that
12.Canyouthinkofsomecases_________studentsobviouslyknow
theproblemsbutcan’tworkthemout?
A.asB.whereC.whyD.which
B
D
D
B
13.Alicestoodinfrontofthewindow,__________shecouldwatch
herclassmatesplayingfootball.
A.fromthereB.where
C.fromwhereD.there
14.Shekepttellingherfathertopayattentiontohisownhealth,
__________,infact,didn’thelpatall.
A.whichB.heC.itD.while
15.JackieRobinsonWilliamshopedtobecomeasfamousasthe
player__________hewasnamed.
A.afterwhomB.which
C.aswhoD.that
C
A
A

高考英语定语从句语法专题教案


高考英语定语从句语法专题教案
高三一轮复习金子般的学案语法部分:定语从句(新人教版)
1.定语从句:修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的那个名词或代词称为先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词:who,whom,whose,which,that,as等;关系副词:where,when,why等。关系词常有三个作用:引导定语从句;代替先行词;在定语从句中充当一个成分。
例如:HarryPotteristhemostinterestingnovelthatIhaveread.(thatIhaveread是定语从句;novel是先行词;that是关系代词,代替先行词novel,在从句中作haveread的宾语。)
关系词指代人或物以及在定语从句中充当的成分
关系词指代人或物定语从句中充当的成分
关系
代词that[]人或物[]主语、宾语、[][]
表语或状语
which物或主句内容主语、宾语或定语
who人主语或宾语
whom人宾语
whose人或物定语
as人或物或主句内容主语或宾语
关系
副词when时间状语
where地点状语
why原因状语

4.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开,是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确,翻译成先行词的定语,“……的……”。非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,通常翻译成主句的并列句。关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
Hisbrotherwhoisnowalawyeralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.
他那个现在是律师的哥哥总是鼓励他上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)
Hisbrother,whoisnowalawyer,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.
他的哥哥,现在是律师,总是鼓励他上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)
一、关系代词的使用

①Sheisthewoman(whom/that/who)Iwantedtoseeyesterday.
她是我昨天想看的那个女的。
②Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.
你扛着的包裹马上要拆开。
③ObamawontheNobelPrizeforPeaceintheyear,whichwehadntexpected.
Obama在年得诺贝尔和平奖是大家都没想到的。
④Yourparentsaretheonestowhomyoucanturnwhenyouareintrouble.
你父母是你困难时可以求助的人。

①whom/that/who指人,在限制性定语从句中作wantedtosee的宾语,可以省略。
②which/that指物,在限制性定语从句中作arecarrying的宾语,可以省略。
③which指前面主句内容,在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,但不能省略。
④whom前有介词to,虽然作宾语,但不能省略。
关系代词若在限制性定语从句中作宾语并且前面无介词时,关系代词可省略,其他情况不可省。

(1)我,你的好朋友,当你陷入困境的时候会帮你的。
I,whoamyourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwheneveryouareintrouble.
(2)《哈利波特》是最受青少年欢迎的畅销书之一。
HarryPotterisoneofthebest-sellersthatarepopularwithteenagers.
《哈利波特》是唯一一本让作者成为亿万富翁的畅销书。HarryPotteristheonlyoneofthebest-sellersthatmakestheauthorabillionaire.
(3)他通过了考试,这使我们很惊讶。
Hehaspassedtheexam,whichmakesussurprised.
众所周知,中国发生了巨大的变化。
GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,asisknowntoall.
(4)每家有台电视,30年前我们认为是不可能的,现在实现了。
ToownaTVsetineachfamily,whichwethinkwasimpossible30yearsago,nowhasbecometrue.
定语从句中的主谓一致问题
(1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
(2)oneof+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词;而theonlyoneof+复数名词+关系代词+单数动词。
(3)非限制性定语从句中,由关系代词as或which代替整个主句时,从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
(4)关系代词和谓语动词之间有插入语时,谓语动词单复数要看关系代词的指代。

(5)所有能做的都做了。
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
(6)这就是我想要买的电影。
ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.
(7)他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.
(8)站在那儿的是谁?
Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?
(9)Theyhavesetupacompany,whichdealswiththethingsthatarerelatedtoenvironmentprotection.
他们创立了一家环保公司。
(10)杭州不再是过去的杭州了。
Hangzhouisnomorethecitythatitusedtobe.
指物时,定语从句中的关系代词只能用that的情况:
①当先行词为everything,anything,nothing,theone,none,all,much,few,any,little等不定代词时,只用that。
②当先行词被theonly,thevery,all,much,few,any,little,no修饰时,只用that。
③当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或者先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时,只用that。先行词既有人又有物时,只用that。
④当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时,为避免重复要用that。
⑤有两个定语从句时,其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个宜用that。
⑥当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语时,只用that。

(11)那棵四百年的老树很有名。
Thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.
(12)我们自给自足。
Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.
(13)这本书是关于我们要去参观的那座有名的建筑吗?
Isthisthebookthatreferstothefamousbuildingwhichwewillgotovisit?
只能用which的情况:
①引导非限制性定语从句时,只能用which。
②介词后只用which,且不能省略。
③有两个定语从句时,其中一个关系代词已用that,另一个宜用which。

(14)有人愿意帮助受伤的人吗?
Isthereanyonewhoisreadytohelptheinjuredperson?
(15)这就是那位帮助在事故中受伤的人的医生吗?
Isthisthedoctorthathelpedthepeoplewhowereinjuredintheaccident?
指人时,定语从句中的关系代词只能用who的情况:
①当先行词是anyone,those时,只用who。
②有两个定语从句皆指人时,其中一个关系代词已用that,另一个宜用who。

(16)那个门破了的教室在二楼。
Theclassroomwhosedoor/thedoorofwhich/ofwhichthedoorisbrokenisonthesecondfloor.whose可以指代人或物,在定语从句中作定语,后跟名词。指物时,whose+名词=ofwhich+名词=名词+ofwhich。

(17)我们都知道,吸烟有害健康。
①Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.
太阳照射地球,这对我们是很重要的。
②Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.
(18)①她和她妹妹穿一样的衣服。
Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.
②这不是我们想到的那所房子。
ThishouseisnotsuchasIexpect.
(19)就像我们指出的那样,这种物质是有毒的。
Aswaspointedout,thiskindofsubstanceispoisonous.
关系代词as和which
在非限制性定语从句中,as和which可代替整个主句,相当于andthis或andthat。二者的区别主要在于:
①as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以在主句前,也可以在主句后,有时还可以在插入句中,常带有“正如……,正像……”的意思。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后,翻译成“这”。
②as常用于以下固定搭配中:thesame+名词+as“和……同样的”,such+名词+as“像……一样的,像……之类的”,…suchas…“这样的人/物”。(such为代词,作先行词;as在从句中作宾语)
③在以下结构中,一般也用as:
as(it)appears,as(it)seems,as(it)oftenhappens,as(it)waspointedout/said/reported/announced,as(it)wassaidearlier,asIremember(it),asiswell-known,asisknowntoall,asanybodycansee等。

(20)这就是我一直在找的书。
Thisisthebookwhich/that/不填Iamlookingfor.
(21)他深爱对他慈爱的父母。
Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.
=Helovedhisparentsdeeply,ofwhombothareverykindtohim.
(22)我没有足够的钱去买那条昂贵的裙子。
Idonthaveenoughmoneywithwhichtobuysuchanexpensivedress.
(23)从1998年到2004年Mike在这所大学学习,在此期间,他学习很努力并当选为学生会主席。
Mikestudiedattheuniversityfrom1998to2004,duringwhichtimehestudiedveryhardandwasmadechairmanoftheStudentsUnion.
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,关系代词指人时用whom,指物时用which。
①某些带有介词的动词短语,介词可以提至关系代词之前,但是在一些固定搭配的短语动词中,由于动词和介词不可以分割,因此不能将介词置于关系代词之前,如takecareof,lookfor,lookafter,carefor等。
②“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词,有时数词或代词也可以放在“介词+关系代词”之后。
③介词+which/whom+todo结构。这种结构可以改为:介词+which/whom+定语从句。
④在非限制性定语从句中,which可作定语,指先行词(短语或句子)所表示的信息,形成“介词+which+名词”结构,相当于andin/at/duringthis/that+名词。
二、关系副词的使用

(24)我仍然记得我们第一次上学的那天。
Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichwefirstcametotheschool.
(25)十年前我住的房子已经被推倒了。
Thehousewhere/inwhichIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
(26)我不知道他今天看起来不高兴的原因。
Idontknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhelooksunhappytoday.
关系副词的分类和作用
①when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语;when=表示时间的介词(in/at/on/during…)+which。
②where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,where=表示地点的介词(in/at/on/under…)+which。
③why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,why=表示原因的介词(for)+which。

(27)他回答这个问题的方式是令人惊讶的。
Thewayinwhich/that/不填heansweredthequestionwassurprising.
(28)Thewaywhich/thatheexplainedtouswasquitesimple.
在以theway为先行词的定语从句中,若theway在从句中充当状语,则通常由inwhich或that引导,而且通常可以省略。若theway在从句中充当宾语,则通常由which或that引导。

(29)中国是风筝的起源地,并从那里传播到日本、韩国、泰国和印度。
Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,fromwherekitesspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.
有时为了表达更清楚,可以在关系副词where/when前加上介词to,from等。

Thereisonepointthatwemustinsiston.
有一个观点我们必须坚持。(定语从句可还原为:wemustinsistonthepoint,所以先行词point在定语从句中作宾语,故用that/which或省略。)
Werejusttryingtoreachapointwherebothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.
我们正努力做到能让双方坐下来对话。(定语从句可还原为:atthepointbothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk,故先行词point在定语从句中作状语,所以关系词用where/atwhich。)
一些特殊的先行词如situation,point,case,activity,scene及period,festival,occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析,作主语、宾语和表语用that/which,作状语用where/when/介词+which。
三、关系代/副词的选择技巧

(30)我会记住我们一起度过的日子。
Iwillrememberthedaysthat/which/省略wespenttogether.
(根据把定语从句还原成wespentthedaystogether,判断出thedays作spent的宾语)
(31)6月7日是我们开始高考的日子。
June7isthedaywhen/onwhichwebegintotakethecollegeentranceexamination.
(根据把定语从句还原成webegintotakethecollegeentranceexaminationontheday,判断出ontheday作状语。)
(32)这是他工作过10年的地方。
Thisistheplacewhere/inwhichheworkedfortenyears.
(根据把定语从句还原成heworkedintheplacefortenyears,判断出intheplace作状语。)

①用还原法:将先行词放入定语从句中,找到它的原有位置,判断它做什么成分以及判断先行词指人还是指物。
②一般说来,作主语、宾语或表语时,用关系代词;作状语时,用关系副词或介词+which;作定语时,用whose。
四、定语从句和其他句型之间的关系

Heissuchagoodboythateveryonelikeshim.(不缺句子成分,that引导结果状语从句)
他是如此好的一位男孩以至于大家都喜欢他。
Heissuchagoodboyaseveryonelikes.(likes缺宾语,用as充当并引导定语从句)
他是一个大家都喜欢的男孩。
Thegreatwhitesharkissofierceafishaseatsmostoftheothers.(as充当eats的主语,并引导定语从句)
大白鲨是大多数鱼都吃的一种凶狠的鱼。
区别such/so…as…引导的定语从句和such/so…that…引导的结果状语从句判断用that还是as,只要看从句的结构是否完整即可。如果从句缺了主语或宾语就是定语从句;如果从句的结构完整,就是结果状语从句。
区别非限制性定语从句与并列句
—Hewrotealotofnovels,noneof______werepopular.
—Itsthesamewithhiswife.Shewrotesomeplays,butnoneof______wasasuccess.
A.these;themB.which;which
C.those;which D.which;them
此题应选D。很容易误选A、B。选对该题的关键是:要注意前面一句的noneof…没有并列连词(说明它才是非限制性定语从句,所以其后填which),而后面一句的noneof…前有一并列连词but(说明它与前面一句构成并列句,所以其后填them)。
区别定语从句与名词性从句
①Asisknowntoall,themoontravelsaroundtheearth.
②Itisknowntoallthatthemoontravelsaroundtheearth.
③Thatthemoontravelsaroundtheearthisknowntoall.
④Whatisknowntoallisthatthemoontravelsaroundtheearth.

①as引导非限制性定语从句;
②it作形式主语,that引导主语从句;
③that引导主语从句;
④what引导主语从句,that引导表语从句。
区别定语从句与地点状语从句
①Whenyoureadthebook,youdbettermakeamarkintheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestions.
②Whenyoureadthebook,youdbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.
③Pleaseputthebookintheplacewhereyougotit.
④Pleaseputthebookwhereyougotit.
①定语从句修饰place;②地点状语从句;③定语从句修饰place;④地点状语从句。
区别定语从句与强调句、状语从句
①Itwasthissmallvillage(that/which)wegottoknoweachother.
②Itwasinthissmallvillagethatwegottoknoweachother.
③Itwas1914whenthewarbrokeout.
④Itwasin1914thatthewarbrokeout.
⑤Itwas1914,whenthewarbrokeout.
①定语从句;②强调句;③时间状语从句;④强调句;⑤非限制性定语从句。
定语从句中含有插入语
①Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,whichIthinkisofgreatimportancetoscience.
②TheChinesegovernmenthasdecidedtodevelopthewestofChina,which,Idaresay,willbenefitthepeoplethere,especiallythosewhoarestillleadingapoorlife.
①Ithink作插入语;②Idaresay作插入语。

高中英语语法复习――定语从句


一名合格的教师要充分考虑学习的趣味性,作为教师就要好好准备好一份教案课件。教案可以让学生更好的消化课堂内容,帮助教师掌握上课时的教学节奏。您知道教案应该要怎么下笔吗?下面是小编为大家整理的“高中英语语法复习――定语从句”,欢迎大家与身边的朋友分享吧!

高中英语语法复习――定语从句
(一)定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导
1、关系代词:who,whom,whose,which,that,as
2、关系副词:when,where,why
关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首,主句先行词之后,起着连接先行词和从句的作用,同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
e.g.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.(关系代词who在从句中作主语)
ThecomradewithwhomIcameknowsFrench.(whom在从句中作介词with的宾语)
3、关系代词和关系副词的用法:1)当先行词为人时用who作主语,whom作宾语;2)当先行词为物或整个句子时用which,可作主语或宾语;3)先行词为人、物时用that,可作主语或宾语;4)whose用作定语,可指人或物;5)关系副词when(指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,where(指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语),why(指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语)。
(二)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1、限制性定语从句:从句与主句关系密切,去掉从句,主句意义不完整,甚至不合逻辑。
e.g.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.(去掉定语从句,意思就不完整)
2、非限制性定语从句:从句对先行词关系不密切,去掉定从句,意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开,不能that用引导。
e.g.Tomsfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.(who引导非限制性定语从句,整个句子可分成两句来翻译)
(三)使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题
1、that与which的区别。
1)用that而不用which的情况:①先行词为不定代词all,anything,nothing,;②先行词有最高级修饰,有序数词修饰;③先行词有only,very,any等词修饰;④先行词既有人又有物时。
e.g.Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
MrSmithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。
2)用which而不用that的情况:①引导非限制性定语从句;②代表整个主句的意思;③介词+关系代词。
e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他数学考试没有及格,这使他的父亲很生气。
Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.这是父亲去年居住过的房子。
3)as引导定语从句时的用法
①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于thesameas,suchas结构中。
e.g.Iwantthesameshirtasmyfriends.我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。
SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。
②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型:asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect等。
e.g.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.正如我所预料的那样,他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。
3)as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别
①当主句和从句语义一致时,用as;反之,用which来引导非限制性定语从句。
e.g.Hemadealongspeech,asweexpected.
Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected.
②当非限制定语从句为否定时,常用which引导。
e.g.Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichhiswifedoesntlikeatall.
2.关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。
e.g.ThemanwholivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。
ThestudentswhoareinGradeThreearegoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.
3.定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词,中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。
e.g.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcantunderstand.
4.引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用介词+which来代替。
e.g.October1,1949wasthedayonwhich(=when)thePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.
5.当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。
e.g.Thesickmanwhomsheislookingafterisherfather.
6.介词在关系代词前,只能用which和whom,且不能省略;介词在句尾,关系代词可有which,that,whom,口语中也可用who,且可省略。
e.g.Theman(whom/who/that)youweretalkingabouthascometoschool.
练习、定语从句一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句:
1.Thefanisonthedesk.Youwantit.
2.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.
3.Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.
4.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydontstudyhard.
5.Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.
6.Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.
7.Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.
8.Thetrainwaslate.ItwasgoingtoNanning.
9.Theboyismybrother.Hewashereaminuteago.
10.Thetreeisquitetall.Heisclimbingit.
11.Hereisthegirl.Herbrotherworksinthisshop.
12.Thatsthechild.Wewerelookingathisdrawingjustnow.
13.Thisistheboy.Hissisterisafamoussinger.
14.Iwanttotalktotheboys.Theirhomeworkhaventbeenhandedin.
15.Isthatthewoman?Herdaughterisinmyclass.
16.Heusedtoliveinabighouse.Infrontofitgrewmanybananatrees.
17.Theypassedafactory.Atthebackofthefactorytherewerericefields.
18.Thesoldierrantothebuilding.Onthetopofitflewaflag.
19.Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill.Atthefootofthehilltherewasatemple.
20.Shecameintoabigroom.Inthemiddleofitstoodalargetable.
二、根据句子意思,在第一个空白处填入介词,在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:
1.Theperson________________IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.
2.Thepencil________________hewaswritingbroke.
3.WuDong,________________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.
4.Thetwothings________________MarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.
5.Herbag,________________sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.
6.ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,________________thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.
三、选择填空:1.Theman____visitedourschoolyesterdayisfromLondon.
A.whoB.whichC.whomD.when
2.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.
A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which
3.Becauseofmypoormemory,all____youtoldmehasbeenforgotten.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as
4.Doyourememberthosedays____wespentalongtheseashoreveryhappily?
A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who
5.Tomdidnottakeawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.as
6.Those____wanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.
A.whomB.whichC.whoD.when
7.Whereistheman____Imetthismorning?
A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who
8.Whoisthewoman____issweepingtheflooroverthere?
A.whoB./C.thatD.when
9.Theman____youtalkedjustnowisaworker.
A.whoB.whomC.towhomD.towho
10.Theman____youaregoingtomakefriendsismyfathersneighbour.
A.withwhomB.whenC.towhomD.which
11.Thedoctor____isleavingforAfricanextmonth.
A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalking
C.thenurseistalkingtoD.whothenurseistalking
12.Theman____aroundourschoolisfromAmerica.
A.whichyoushowedB.youshowedhimC.youshowedD.whereyoushowed
13.Hetalkedaboutahero____noonehadeverheard.
A.ofwhomB.fromwhomC.aboutthatD.who
14.InfacttheSwededidnotunderstandthethreequestions____wereaskedinFrench.
A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which
15.Haveyoureadthebook____Ilenttoyou?
A.thatB.whomC.whenD.whose
16.Finally,thethiefhandedovereverything____hehadstolentothepolice.
A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.all
17.Theforeignguests,____weregovernmentofficials,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.
A.mostofthemB.mostofthatC.mostofwhomD.mostofthose
18.Thisistheveryletter____camelastnight.
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.as
19.Iknowonlyalittleaboutthismatter;youmayask____knowsbetterthanI.
A.whoeverB.whomeverC.anyoneD.theone
20.Thisistheschool____wevisitedthreedaysago.
A.whereB./C.whenD.what
21.Thisisthefactory____weworkedayearago.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.onwhich
22.Nearbyweretwocanoes____theyhadcometotheisland.
A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD./
23.Jackispleasedwith____youhavegivenhimandall____youhavetoldhim.
A.that,whatB.what,thatC.which,whatD.that,which
24.Doyouworknearthebuilding____colourisyellow?
A.thatB.whichC.itsD.whose
25.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.
A.whomB.whoC.towhomD.formwhom
26.Isthisschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?
A.theoneB.whichC.thatD.where
27.Isthistheschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?
A.theoneB.whereC.inwhichD./
28,Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass____homesareinthecountry?
A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which
29.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,____cameasasurprise.
A.itB.whichC.thatD.he
30.ThetrainwascrowdedandIhadtogetintoacarriage____alreadysevenotherpeople.
A.whentherewereB.whichtherewereC.thattherewereD.wheretherewere
31.Iliveinthehouse____windowsfacesouth.
A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.inthat
32.----Whatgameispopularwiththem?----The____mostistennis.
A.gametheylikeitB.gametheylikeC.bestgametheylikeD.bestgametheylikeit
33.Theystayedwithmethreeweeks,____theydrankallthewineIhad.
A.whichB.whichtimeC.duringwhichtimeD.duringwhich
34.Theroom____MrWhitelivesisnotverylarge.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
35.Dontforgettheday____youwerereceivedintotheYouthLeague.
A.whenB.thatC.atwhichD.where
36.Ivefinishedwritingthenovel,____istobepublishednextmonth.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when
37.Hereturnedhomesafeandsoundafterafiercebattle,____wasunexpected.
A.whichB.asC.thatD.it
38.____weisknowntoall,Englishisnotverydifficulttolearn.
A.WhatB.AsC.ThatD.Which
39.Theoldmanhadthreesons,allof____diedduringWorldWarⅡ.
A.whoseB.thatC.whomD.who
40.Ihaveboughttwopens,____writewell.
A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.bothofwhichD.allofwhich
41.Doyouknowthereason____shehaschangedhermind?
A.whyB.whichC.forthatD.ofwhich
42.Hefailedintheexam,____provesthathewasntworkinghardenough.
A.whichB.whatC.itD.that
43.Duringtheweek____hetriedtocollectmaterialsforhisarticle.
A.followingB.followedC.tofollowD.thatfollowed
44.____wasexpected,hesucceededintheexam.
A.ItB.WhichC.AsD.That
45.Hestudiedhardandlaterbecameawell-knownwriter,____hisfatherexpected.
A.thatwaswhatB.whatwasthatC.andwhichwasD.whichwaswhat
46.Weshouldreadsuchbooks____willmakeusbetterandwiser.
A.whenB.asC.whoseD.what
47.Youmustshowmywifethesamerespect____youshowme.
A.whenB.asC.whoseD.what
48.Heisabsent____isoftenthecase.
A.whatB.whichC.whoD.as
49.Itisthefirsttime____Ihavecometoyourcity.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when
50.Who____hasthesameideaasitwilldoitinthisway.
A.whoB.thatC.whomD.which
51.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears____Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,____hasagreateffectonmylife.
A.that,whichB.when,whichC.which,thatD.when,who
52.Thisistheonlybook____Icanfind.
A.thatB.whichC.itD.withwhich
53.Idontlike____youspeaktoher.
A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich
54.Thatisoneofthosebooksthat____worthreading.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
55.Thisistheonlyoneofthestudentswhosehandwriting____thebest.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
56.Therewas____topreventtheaccident.
A.somethingcoulddoB.anythingwecoulddo
C.nothingwecouldntdoD.nothingwecoulddo
---------------------
作者:iteye_13575
来源:CSDN
原文:https://blog.csdn.net/iteye_13575/article/details/82270326
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牛津高中英语语法复习:定语从句


牛津高中英语语法复习:定语从句

(一)定义

1)在复合句中(一个句子的某一成分由句子承当),修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句或形容词从句;在句中起定语的作用.

2)被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词antecedent

1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.

先行词关系代词定语从句

2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.

先行词关系代词定语从句

(二):关系代词的作用;

1.连接主句和从句。

2.代表被修饰的先行词。

3.在定语从句做一个句子成分。

eg.ThisistheroomwhichIlivedinlastyear.

先行词关系代词定语从句

(三):定语从句中有关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that,as.

关系副词when,where,why等引导定语从句。

(四):用关系代词还是用关系副词

关系代词起代词的作用,关系副词起副词的作用,因此同样的先行词,选用什么样的关系词,要由它在定语从句中担任的逻辑作用来决定。

关系代词

词行

先行词

充当成分

who

主、宾、表

Whom

That

人物

主、宾、表

Which

主、宾、表

As

主、宾

Whose=ofwhomofwhich

人物

定语

关系副词

When=atinonduringwhich

时间

Where=atintowhich

地点

Why=forwhich

原因

that在口语中可以代替关系副词

以上三者

状Thisistheplacewherewework.(vi.)(关系词所做的成分关键是有从句中的动词来决定的)

Thisistheplacewhichwevisited.(vt.)

种类

先行词

关联词

例句

说明

(人)在从句中做主语或宾语

物在从句中做主语或宾语

who

which

Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboy’slife.

这就是救了孩子生命的医生。

SheisthenewstudentwhomIwanttointroducetoyou.

她就是我要介绍给你的新学生Pleasepassmethebookwhichislyingonthetable.

请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。

ThenovelwhichTomboughtisveryinteresting.

汤姆买的小说很有意思。

Canyoulendmethemagazineaboutwhichyoutalkedyesterday?

你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗?

who在从句中做主语

whom在从句中做宾语,口语中who可以代替whom,也可以被省去,但做介词宾语时只能用whom

which在从句中做主语。

which充当宾语时可以省去。

which做介词宾语不可省

whose

TheprofessorwhosedaughterteachesyouEnglishisDr.Williams

那位教授是威廉斯他的女儿教你英语。

Theprofessor,thedaughterofwhomteachesyouEnglishisDr.Williams.

Thebikewhosebrakewasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.

那辆坏了闸的自行车现在已经修好了。

=Thebikethebrakeofwhichwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired

whose在从句中做定语

指某人的也可以用…ofwhom代替whose

指物时也可以用…ofwhich代替whose

that

ThewomanthatisplayingthepianoisMissZhang.

正在弹钢琴的那位妇女是张小姐。

I’dliketoseethefilmsthatarejustonshow.

我想看那些刚上映的电影。

that指人做主语

that指物做主语种类

先行词

关联词

例句

说明

all,littlemuch和some,anyevery,no构成的合成代词

that

that

Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberintheschool.

他们谈起他们所记得起的学校里的人和事,谈了大约有半个小时。

I’lltellyouall(that)Iknowaboutit.

我要告诉你我所知道这件事的一切情况。

Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?

有什么我可以帮助做的事吗?

I’vebroughteverything(that)youneed.

我把你需要的东西都拿来了。

ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.

这是我看过的最好的一部电影。

Thefirstplacethatwe’llvisitisBeijingLibrary.

我们要参观的第一个地方是北京图书馆

先行词分别表示人和物,关系代词要用that,不用who或which

先行词表示物,关系代词用that不用which,在从句中做宾语可省去。如果先行词是人时,关系代词不受制约,用that或who(whom)

均可

先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时定语从句用that引导。


 

that

Heistheonlypersonthatisbelievable.

他是唯一可靠的人。

Johnistheverypersonthatshewantstosee.

约翰正是她要见的人。

WhoisthemanthatistalkingwithTom?

正在和汤姆谈话的人是谁?

Whichofthebooksthatyouboughtiseasytoread?

你买的那些书中哪一本容易读。

先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame等修饰时用关系代词that.

当主句以who、which开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句要用that

when

Hecameatatimewhenwe.neededhimmost.他在我们最需要的时候来了。

We’llneverforgetthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.

我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的那一天。

在定语从句中作时间状语

注:先行词是time,minute,moment,nexttime很少用关系副词when,可用that但通常省去。

地点

where

Thisistheroomwhereheputupforthenight.

这就是他渡过夜晚的那房子。

在定语从句中作地点状语

原因

理由

why

Iknowthereasonwhyshestudiessowell.

我知道她学习好的原因。

在定语从句中作原因状语Thisistheplacewherework.(vi.)(关系词所做的成分关键是有从句中的动词来决定的)

Thisistheplacewhichwevisited.(vt.)

(五):限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句

从句与先行词的关系

从句是先行词不可缺少的定语,如果省去,主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。

从句只是对先行词的附加说明,如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整

标点

从句和主句之间不用逗号分开

从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开

指人who(that)whom

指物which(that)

人和物whose

关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去

指人who(作主语)whom(做宾语)

指物which

人和物的whose

关系代词一般不可省

修饰

从句只修饰一个名词或代词

可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰整个主句

翻译

定语从句译在被修饰词的前面

定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子

限制性

非限制性

形式上

无逗号

有逗号

内容上

先行词不是唯一的

先行词是唯一的,定语从句可有可无。

关系词

可用that,why.作宾语可以省略

不可用that,why。关系词一律不省。

先行词

名词或代词

名词或代词,也可以使整个句子

汉语翻译

译作定语

译成并列句

1.二者差异比较

限制定语从句紧跟先行词,同先行词之间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词.关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导。

Hehasabrotherwhoisaphysicist.

Hehasabrother,whoisaphysicist.(只有一个)

HereturnedallthebookswhicharewritteninEnglish.

Hereturnedallthebooks,whicharewritteninEnglish.Iwillwearnoclotheswhichwillbeoutofordinary.

Iwillwearnoclothes,whichwillbeoutofordinary.

Themanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor.

Mysister,wholivesnextdoor,isadoctor.

I’msureIknowthepersonwhoservedme.

Tom,whoservedus,istheowneroftherestaurant.

Astudentwhostudieshardwillmakegoodprogress.

Thestudent,wholivesfarfromschool,istheleaderoftheirfootballmatch.

(六)关系代词that和which的区别

1.只能用that的情况

(1)如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none,few.等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。例如:

Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.

Everythingthatwesawwasinteresting.

I’minterestedineverythingthatIdon’tknow.

Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.

(2)如果先等词被all,littlenoneany,only,few,much,no,some,very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which.

例如:Ireadallthebooksthatyougavetome.

ThisistheonlymoneythatIhaveinmypocket.

AllthemoneythatwascollectedwasgiventotheHopeProject.

(3)如果先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或者先行词是最高级时,关系代词常用that,不用which。

ThisisthefirstbookthatwaswritteninEnglish.

ThisisthelastfactorythatIvisited.

ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.

ThisisthefunniestthingthatIeverheard.

(4)如果先等词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which.

ThisistheonlybookthatIreallylike.

Hewastheonlypersonintheofficethatwasinvitedtotheball.

(5)先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that。而不用who,which.

例如:Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.

Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.

(6)who,which开头的特殊疑问句中,关系代词用that.

Whoisthepersonthatisstandingthere?

WhichofusthatknowsEnglishdoesn’tknowthis?

whichofthenoveldoyoulikebest?

(7)关系代词作表语时,关系代词用that.

Ittookusmanyyearstomakethecitythatitistoday.

Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.

Chinaisn’tthecountryitusedtobe.

(8)先行词是奇数词或是序数词时,关系代词用that.

YesterdayIcaughttwofish.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillaliveinthebasinofwater.

(9)当主句“therebe“开头时,关系代词要用that引导的定语从句修饰该句型的主语。

Therearefourdesksinthemiddleoftheofficethatareusedfortheteachers.

(10)当先行词是“tobe“后面的表语时关系代词用that.

Thisisthedictionarythatwasboughtinthebookstoreyesterday.

2.只能用which的情况

1)非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。如:

Thereareaboutsevenmillionpeopletakingpartintheelection,mostofwhom、arewelleducated.

Beijing,whichischina’scapital,isrichinculture.

2)those/that+名词后的定语从句用which引导。不能用关系代词that。

Thatpenwhichhetookismine.

Ashopshouldkeepthosegoodswhichsellswell.

3)介词后只用which

Thisistheroominwhichhelived.

Idon’tknowthemantowhomyoutalked.

Thechaironwhichheissittingismadeofwood.

(4)which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,不用that..例如:

Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.

(5)先行词是that时,关系代词要用which.

What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?

(6)关系代词后面有插入语时,益用关系代词which.

HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelptoimproveyourEnglish.

3.只用who,whom.而不用that的情况

(1)如果先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,those,ones等时,关系代词应该用who或whom,不用which.that。例如:

Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?

Peoplealllikethosewhohavegoodmanners.

(2)当先行词是指人的集合名词时,如果作这个名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who。

Mr.Smithcametovisitmyfamily,whowerewatchingTVthen.

Ourclass,whichisaverygoodone,waspraisedagainatthemeeting.

(3)当先行词有较长的后置定语或者在被分割的定语从句中,宜用关系代词who

Pro.WangiscomingsoonwhowillgiveusatalkonhowtolearnEnglish.

(4)当先行词用-body或-one构成的复合不定代词时,关系代词用who

We’dbetternotbelieveinanyonewhowedon’tknow.

(5)当先行词是一个限定性的表示人的特定名词时,常用who

Theaunt/unclewhocametoseeuslastweekismybrother’ssister.

(七).“介词+关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构

(1)“介词+关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词+关系代词“结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without等,关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that。其中whom代表人,which代表物

Whoisthecomradewithwhomyoushookhands?

Heworksinafactory,infrontofwhichthereisariver

Givemethebookthecoverofwhichisred(thecoverofwhich=whosecover)

Heisthemanwhosefatherisateacher.=Heisthemanthefatherofwhomisateacher.

ThisistheneighborhoodfromwhomIborrowedthebicycle.

(2)fromwhere为“介词+关系副词“结构,但也可以引导定语从句(不常用)。例如:

Westoodatthetopofthehill,fromwherewecanseethetown..

(3)***关系代词前的介词如何确定?

A.依据定语从句中动词的某种习惯搭配

Mr.Smithboughtanewhouseonwhichhespentallhismoney.

B.依据先行词的某种习惯搭配确定

Therewasnowayinwhichitcouldbeboughtbacktotheearth.(inthisway)

C.根据所表达的意思确定

Thegaswithwhichdoctorscansavethepatientsiscalledoxygen.

Thegaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.

(4)***注意关系代词的位置

介词在关系代词前时,只能用which和whom不能用that代替,也不可省略;介词在句尾时,关系代词可which,that,whom,who,都行,而且还可以省略。

ThisisthedrawerinwhichIputmyletters.

=Thisisthedrawer(which/that)Iputmylettersin.

HaveyouseenthepenwithwhichIwrotelettersthismorning?

=Haveyouseenthepen(which/that)Iwroteletterswiththismorning?

所以一个句子有时有多种用法

如:那就是他工作的大学

Thisisthecollegeatwhichheworks.

Thisisthecollegethat/whichheworksat.

Thisisthecollegewhereheworks.

但像listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如:

Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.

Thisisthebookwhich/thatIamlookingfor.

ThisisthegirlIhavebeenlookingforthewholeafternoon.

(八)whose引导从句的意义

1)指人=ofwhom表示所修饰的“某(些)人的用做所修饰的先行词的所有格。

Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.

2)指物=ofwhich表所修饰的“某物的“

Iliveintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.

Iliveintheroom,thewindowofwhichfacessouth

(whose+从句可以用“ofwhich+从句”代替)

(九)As与which是有区别的

A)相同之处:都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面的主句所表达的内容。which可做宾语或表语

Hefailedoncemoreinthematch,whichwasagreatpity.

Hesucceededinthecomposition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.

B)区别:

1)as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面.中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如:

1)Asweallknow,Galileo’stheoryoffallingobjectsisright.

=Galileo’stheoryoffallingobjects,asweallknow,isright

=Galileo’stheoryoffallingobjectsisright,asweallknow.

2)Hewasthrownintoprison,whichgotroundthroughoutourvillage

3)Asisexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.

4)Theearthrunsaroundthesun,asisknownbyeveryone.

5)Hewaslateagain,whichmademeunhappy

6)Asyouknow,heisgoodatEnglish.

2.)as有“如”、“正如”、“像”、“正像”的含义,which没有。后面的谓语动词多是see,know,expect,say,mention,report等。

Bobdidanexcellentjob,aswehadexpected.

Ourteamwonthegame,whichmadeushappy.

Asisknowntoall,TaiwanispartofChina.

Wearefacingthesameproblemsaswedidyearsago.

Wearefacingtheproblemswhichwefacedyearsago.

Wehopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing.

Wehopetogetthetoolwhichheisusing.

3.)as在引导限制性定语从句多与such或thesame连用,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。

thesame…assuch….as

Thisisthesamestoryashetoldme.

Ihopetogetsuchabookasheisusing

4).as也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于which。可代表一个句子。例如:

Theelephant’snoseislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.

5).as做主语时,其后必跟系动词,而which无此限制

Themeetingwasputoff,aswaswhatwewanted.
Hewasmurdered,asseemedtrue.

6)as引导从句时,从句语义必须和主句一致

Shewasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected

Shewasmarriedagain,aswasunexpected7

7)thesame…as与thesame..that的区别:前者修饰的是原物同样的

而后者修饰的就是先行词

ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.这和我丢的那一只手表是一样的。

ThisisthedamewatchthatIlost.着就是我丢的那一只手表。

(十)什么时候that可以省略?

1)引导同位语从句,主语从句,表语从句不能省略,且不做成分。

Thename“whitewater”comesfromthefactthatthewaterinthesestreamsandriverslookswhitewhenitmovesquickly.

It’sknowntoallthatlighttravelsinstraightlines.(that置后可一省略)

Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasill.(有时可省,一般不省)

2)宾语从句中可以省略

Idon’tthink(that)youareright.

3)that只有在定语从句中做成分,可做主、宾、表语。

(十一)关系代词做主语,谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词而不是关系代词。

Iwanttoseethefilmthatisonshow.

Thestudentswhodon’tstudyhardwillnotpastheexam.

(十二)oneofthe…与theoneofthe…做先行词时谓语不一致。

LiBaiisoneofthegreatestpoetsthathavelivedinChina.

LiBaiistheoneofthegreatestpoetsthathaslivedinChina.

ThisisoneofthebooksthatIhavebeenwritteninChinese.

ThisistheonlyoneofthebooksthathasbeenwritteninChinese.

Heisoneoftheboyswhoarewillingtodoit.

Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoiswillingtodoit.

(十三).关系副词引导的定语从句

1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句

关系副词在从句中分别表示时间.地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语,where充当地点状语,why充当原因状语。

1)when表示时间,充当时间状语when=on/in/of/at…+which

IstillrememberthedaywhenIjointheparty

IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.

 但注意:

1.当先行词是表地点:place,room,mountain,airport等时间:time,day,year,month,week,等原因:reason等名词时,并且分别在句中做地点、时间、原因状语时,应用where,when,why引导。但是如果如果表示时间地点原因的名词不做状语,而是做主语,宾语,或者表语时,必须用关系代词that/which来引导而不是用where等。

Istillrememberthedaythatwespenttogether。

May1isthedaythatIwillneverforget。

TheYangtzeGorgesisabeautifulplace(that/which)peopleallovertheworldlookforwardtovisiting.

长江三峡是个美丽的地方,全世界的人都渴望来参观。

Themoment(that/which)Iturnedaround,shehadleftanddisappearedinthecrowd.

Isthisthereasonthathegaveusforbeinglate?

Thisisthefactorythatwevisited

Thatisthehousethathelivedin..

Theplacethatwehadbeentowasfar.

Theshopthat/whichwesawisbeautiful.

2.当先行词为bythetime,anytime,theway,everytime,thefirsttime,thelasttime时,关系词不用when而用that.或省略

ThisisthelasttimethatIshallgiveyoualesson.

ThefirsttimeIsawhimwasin1980

Bythetimehewas14hehadlearnedadvancedmathematics

但如果time前无修饰语,关系词用thatwhen均可

Iwillneverforgotthetimewhen(that)wemetforthefirsttime.

3.当先行词为way时,关系词用inwhich,that,或省略.

Thisisthewaythat/inwhich/不加hesmiles.

但注意:

4.why表示原因(现行词只有一个reason),做原因状语。Why=forwhich

Thatisthereasonwhyhewaslate.

(十四)学生容易出现的问题。

1.在定语从句中多加了宾语,如:

SomeoftheboysIinvitedthemdidn’tcome.

SomeoftheboysIinviteddidn’tcome.

Isthisthehorseyoudrewityesterday?

Isthisthehorseyoudrewyesterday?

2.把定语从句的动词的单复数弄错。

Thosewhohasfinishedmayleavetheclassroomnow.

Theykeyopenstheroomismissing.

Thosewhohavefinishedmayleavetheclassroomnow.

ThisisoneoftheriversinChinawhichflowsnorthward.

ThisisoneoftheriversinChinawhichflowsnorthward.

3.省略了定语从句中做主语的关系代词。

Childreneatalotofsugaroftengetbadteeth.

Childrenwhoeatalotofsugaroftengetbadteeth.

Theykeyopenstheroomismissing.

Theykeywhich/thatopenstheroomismissing.

4.定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或者是介词。

Thehousewherehelivesinneedsrepairing.

Thehousewherehelivesneedsrepairing.

Thehousewhich/thathelivesinneedsrepairing.

Thisisthetimeatwhenhe’smorelikelytobein.

Thisisthetimewhenhe’smorelikelytobein.

Thisisthetimeatwhichhe’smorelikelytobein.

(十五)代有插入语的定语从句who与whom的选用。

担主语成分时用who,担宾格成分时用whom

方法:要区分是定语从句中的插入语还是主谓结构。

Jasonisamanwho(Ibelieved)ishonest.(去掉仍成立)

JasonisamanwhomIbelievetobehonest.

做宾语

Thegirlwhowesupposedwasdrownedcameback.

Thegirlwhowesupposedtobedrownedcameback.

(十六)什么时候宜用非限制性定语从句

1)当先行词是专有名词时,通常用非限制性定语从句,它本身就具有特殊性,无需在加限定。

Shenzhen,whichisinSouthChina,isdevelopingrapidly.

Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotagarden.

Mr.Smithboughtanewhouseonwhichhespentallhismoney.

2)当先行词是具有某一特征的人或者物中的一个,但跟非限制从句时则表示唯一的一个,compare:Herroomhasawindowwhichfacessouth.

Herroomhasawindow,whichfacessouth.

IhaveabrotherwhoisworkinginBeijing.

Ihaveabrother,whoisworkinginBeijing.

3.当先行词表示类属意义,即表示某类动物,事物或人时,其后所跟的定语从句一般是非限制性的。

Asleepisausefulanimal,whosewoolhasmanyuses.

Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isnowplayedallovertheworld.