高考英语语法专题复习现在完成时和过去完成时。

一位优秀的教师不打无准备之仗，会提前做好准备，高中教师要准备好教案，这是高中教师的任务之一。教案可以让学生们充分体会到学习的快乐，帮助高中教师提前熟悉所教学的内容。那么，你知道高中教案要怎么写呢？下面是小编为大家整理的“高考英语语法专题复习现在完成时和过去完成时”，仅供您在工作和学习中参考。

Unit9Wheels

语法剖析?
Ⅰ.现在完成进行时
　1.现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在的一段时间内某个动作一直在持续，到现在为止，该动作可能已不再持续，也可能还在进行。这要根据上下文来确定。句中常含有表示一段时间的状语。?
Sheisverytired.She’sbeentypinglettersallday.她很累了。她整天都在打信件。(现在可能仍在打字，也可能刚刚停下。)?
I’vebeenworkingforthecompanyfor15years.我已经在这家公司干了15了。(可能仍在这家公司，也可能刚换工作或退休。)?
2.现在完成进行时还可以表示到现在为止经常重复的动作：?
JimhasbeenphoningJennyeverynightforthelastweek.?
吉姆上个星期天天晚上都给詹妮打电话。?
3.现在完成进行时态还可以用于抱怨：?
Thisroomstinks.Someonehasbeensmokinginhere.?
这个房间空气不好，有人在这儿抽过烟了。
Ⅱ.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较
?　1.它们的区别主要是通过上下文和所使用的动词来看一件事仍在进行还是已经完成：?
I’vebeenpaintingtheroom.我一直在油漆这个房间。?
I’vepaintedtheroom.我已经油漆过这个房间了。?
从以上两个句子中可以看出，第一个句子里，工作尚未完成；第二个句子里，这项工作已经完成了。?
2.某些动词，如learn,lie,live,rain,sit,sleep,stand,study,wait,work等本身就有持续性，故常用于带有since或for的完成进行时；以及howlong开头的疑问句中。?
I’vebeensleepingforatleast8hours,yetIstillfeeltired.?
我已经睡了至少8个小时了，可还是觉得累。?
Howlonghaveyoubeenwaitinghere？你在这儿等多久了？?
以上的两个句子也可以使用一般现在完成时，可以说I’veslept和haveyouwaited。惟一的区别是，进行时形式更强调动作的持续性。

相关阅读

高三英语教案：《过去完成时》教学设计

一名爱岗敬业的教师要充分考虑学生的理解性，教师要准备好教案，这是教师需要精心准备的。教案可以让学生们充分体会到学习的快乐，让教师能够快速的解决各种教学问题。那么，你知道教案要怎么写呢？考虑到您的需要，小编特地编辑了“高三英语教案：《过去完成时》教学设计”，供大家参考，希望能帮助到有需要的朋友。

过去完成时

一、 概念

过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去( past-in-the-past )”。

----|--------------------------|-------------------------------|---------------------------->

那时以前　 那时　 现在

二、 构成

过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。

例如：

They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.

他们来宾馆之前就已经吃过饭了。

He didn’t go to bed until he had finished he work.

他直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。

三、 用法

1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。

例如：

When I woke up, it had stopped raining.

我醒来时，雨已经停了。(主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”)

He had left when I arrived. 当我到达时他已经离开。

2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。

例如：

She told me that she had written a new novel.

她告诉我她已经写好一本小说了。(had written 发生在 told 之前 )

I found the watch which I had lost. 我找到了我丢失的表。

3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already，yet，still，just，before，never 等时间副词及 by，before，until 等引导的短语或从句连用。

例如：

Before she came to China, Amy had taught English in a middle school for about five years.

艾米来中国之前，在一所中学已经教了五年英语。

Tom had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was seven.

汤姆在七岁时已经集了300多张中国邮票。

4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。

例如：

By the end of last year, my father had worked in the factory for twenty years.

去年年底时，爸爸已经在工厂工作二十年了。( had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能)

By six o’clock he had worked eleven hours. 到6点钟时他就已经工作了11小时。

5. 动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。

例如：

I had wanted to help but could not get there in time.

我本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。

They had hoped to be able to come and see you.

他们本来希望能来看看你。

6. 过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中。

例如：

Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him.

他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。

No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.

他刚到就又走了。

It was the third time that she had been out of work that year.

这是她那一年第三次失业了。

过去完成时的用法总结如下表：

过 去 完 成 时

构成 助动词 had+动词的过去分词

基

本

用

法 1) 表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。可以用by,

before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示

2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用

3)过去完成时常常用在宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前

4)在包含有when, until等连词的复合句中，如果主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的过去动作不是同时发生的，那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示

和其它时态的区别 过去完成时/现在完成时

现在完成时着眼于现在，强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或是由过去持续到现在的动作

过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的动作先后有别，表达的是“过去的过去”

过去完成时/一般过去时

过去完成时强调某动作在过去某时间或另一动作之前已完成

一般过去时仅表示动作或状态在过去某时间发生过，不强调与另一动作的比较

注

意

事

项 1)动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。

2) 过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中。

3)It/This was +序数词 time或最高级 that 后面的从句用过去完成时。

4)用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句中

现在完成时与过去完成时的区别

现在完成时着眼于现在，强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或是由过去持续到现在的动作。

例如：

I have cleaned the classroom.

我打扫干净教室了。(强调扫地所产生的结果：地干净了!)

They have lived here for twenty years.

他们住在这二十年了。(“住”从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时)

We have lived in Beijing since we came China.

自我们来中国就住在北京了。(“住”是从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时)

过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的两动作的先后有别，表达的是“过去的过去”，即比过去发生的某动作都还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的就用过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般过去时。运用过去完成时的句子往往有两过去的时间或动作。

例如：

Mr Smith had lived in London for ten years before he came to China.

史密斯先生在来中国之前就已经在伦敦住过十年了。(“来”中国已成过去，而先前“住”在纽约就是过去的过去!)

We had learned 2000 words by the end of last term.

在上期期末，我们就已经学了2000个单词。

(“上期期末”已过去，而在其前“学”的就更过去了!)

过去完成时专项练习

一、单项填空

1. When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother ____already ____to hospital.

A. has; been sent B. had; sent C. has; sent D. had; been sent

2. The students _______ several new English songs by the end of last term.

A. had learned B. learned C. have learned D. will have learned

3. Lu Mei told me she _____breakfast, so she was very hungry after having two classes.

A. has had B. hasn't have C. have had D. hadn't had

4. Hardly ______ to the bus stop when the bus left, which drove them crazy.

A did they get B they got C had they got D has they got

5. She _____her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____home.

A has left; comes B had left; would come C had left; came D left; had come

6. Mr. Black said that it was at least ten years since he _____a good drink.

A had enjoyed B was enjoying C have enjoyed D have been enjoying

7. I ______ to catch the first train but I got up too late this morning.

A. hoping B. had hoped C. has hoped D. would hope

8. Dr. Brown was very disappointed that one third of the guests _____ when he _____ at the party.

A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived

9. Tom first met me 10 years ago. I______ in a radio factory at that time.

A. had worked B. have worked C. was working D. has been working

10. ---- What ______ when I phoned you?

---- I ______ my work, and wanted to go out for a walk.

A. have you done; finished B. were you doing; have finished

C. did you do; had just finished D. were you doing; had just finished

11. It is very clear that you were in a hurry. You ______ your sweater inside out.

A. had worn B. wore C. were wearing D. are wearing

12. ---- We ______ that you would fix the TV set this week.

---- I’m sorry. I ______ to fix it this week, but I’ve been too busy.

A. had expected; had intended B. are expecting; had intended

C. expect; intend D. expected; intend

13. ---Alice came back home the day before yesterday.

---Really? Where ______?

A. has she been B. had she been C. has she gone D. had she gone

14. Mr. Green and I are familiar with each other; we ______ to each other at an international conference.

A. are introduced B. are being introduced

C. were introduced D. had been introduced

15. --- Did he notice you enter the room?

--- I don’t think so. He ______ to the radio with his eyes shut.

A. listened B. was listening 　C. has listened D. had listened

16. Tom and Jack met again in the street that day. Until then, they _____ each other for nearly two years.

A. didn’t see B. hadn’t seen C. haven’t seen D. haven’t been seen

17. ---Jane, do you still remember the first time we met?

---Of course I do. You ______ in the library.

A. were reading B. had read C. have read D. read

18. A lot of my friends want to buy that kind of cloth because they _____ the cloth ______ well.

A. have told; washes B. have been told; washes

C. was told; washed D. have been told; is washed

19. The young professor talked for about nearly two hours yesterday. Never ______ him talk so much.

A.I heard B. did I hear C.I had heard D. had I heard

20. Ms Wang ______ to the office than she got down to writing the report.

A. has no sooner got B. had hardly got C. no sooner got D. had no sooner got

21. My dictionary ______. I have looked for it everywhere but still ______it.

A. has lost; don’t find 　B. is missing; don’t find

C. has lost; haven’t found D. is missing; haven’t found

22. --- Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favour?

--- Of course. What is it?

--- I ______ if you could take me to the station.

A. would wonder B. did wonder C. was wondering D. had wondered

23. ---Hi, Liu Tao. I dropped in at your house at about ten last night, but you weren’t in.

---Oh, I ______ regular exercise at the club.

A. did B. was doing C. had done D have been doing

24. All the policemen’s attention was suddenly caught by a small dusty box which____ placed in the corner of the room.

A. has been B. was being C. had been D. would be

25. By the time I got home yesterday, my husband _______ cooking the dinner.

A. had finished B. finished C. has finished D. finishes

26. My friend asked me whether it was the first time that I ______ skiing.

A. went B. has gone C. had gone D. would go

27. To everyone’s surprise, Mr Smith’s son spent much more money than he ______ on the journey.

A. will plan B. has planned C. would plan D. had planned

28. If he ________ to the meeting yesterday, I would have met him.

A. had come B. came C. would come D. was coming

29. I was late for the interview yesterday. I ________ the road to be so crowded.

A. wouldn’t expect B. haven’t expected C. wasn’t expecting D. hadn’t expected

30. ---How long had the hotel _______ fire when the firemen got there?

---For an hour or so.

A. caught B. been caught C. been on D. been catching

二、用所给动词的正确形式填空

1 By the time we got to the airport, the plane _______ (take) off.

2 The children ________ (have) the book for two weeks before they returned it to the library.

3 He ______ (study) English for five years before he came here.

4 When I woke up this morning, I found that it ________ (stop) snowing.

5 The boy _____ (not watch) the movie because he had watched it twice.

6 Kate told me that it was the second time that she _______ (go) skating.

7 When Jim _____ (come) to China two years ago, he found people didn't understand him at all though he ________(learn) some Chinese in his own country.

8 I saw Han Mei yesterday. We _____ (not see) each other since we left Beijing.

9 If you _______ (work) harder, you would have passed the examination.

10 No sooner had we got there than it ______ (begin) to rain.

三、句子改错

1. When she got home last night, her three children went to bed.

2. I didn't go to see the firm because I saw it before.

3. The wind was still blowing, but the rain has stopped.

4. By the end of last term we learned about 1,500 English words.

5. Jim got seriously ill. He didn’t eaten anything since Tuesday.

四、中译英

1 当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始十分钟了。

2他们本来计划在上个周末前到达中国的。

3火车开出之前，所有的参观者就已经到了车站。

4 我告诉了我美国的朋友在过去的三十年里中国发生了巨大的变化。

5 我原以为这是他第一次迟到。

五、真题回顾

1. The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time.

A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell

2. I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ___ there several years ago.

A. are going B. had been C. went D. have been

3. ----Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.

----Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ____ of my friends back home.

A. have just thought B. was just thinking

C. would just think D. will just be thinking

4. ----Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night?

----I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.

A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’t

5. ----Did you tidy your room?

---- No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors.

A. had B. have C. have had D. will have

6. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances _____ in the past years.

A. discovered B. have discovered

C. had been discovered D. have been discovered

7. They_____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go.

A. had got B. got C. have got D. get

8. ---Did Peter fix the computer himself?

---He ________, because he doesn't know much about computers.

A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it

9. I got caught in the rain and my suit ____.

A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined

10. ---It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.

---Oh, don’t mention it. I _____ past your house anyway.

A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come

11. ---I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.

---Impossible. She ____TV with me in my home then.

A. watched B. had watched C. would watch D. was watching

12. As the years passed, many occasions—birthdays, awards, graduations—________ with Dad’s flowers.

A. are marked B. were marked C. have marked D. had marked

13. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ______

A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached

14. ---you __him around the museum yet?

---Yes. We had a great time there.

A. Have; shown B. Do; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show

15. I ____ there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist.

A. would be B. have been C. had been D. will be

参 考 答 案

一、单项填空

1----5 DADCC 6----10 ABDCD 11----15 AABCB 16----20 BABDD

21----25 DCBCA 26----30 CDADC

二、用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. had taken 2. had had 3. had studied 4. had stopped

5. didn’t watch 6. had gone 7. came; had learned 8. hadn’t seen

9. had worked 10. began

三、句子改错

1. went 改成 had gone 2. saw 改成 had seen

3. has stopped 改成 had stopped 4. learned 改成 had learned

5. didn’t 改成 hadn’t

四、中译英

1. When we got to the cinema, the movie had already been on for ten minutes.

2. They had planned to reach China before the end of last week.

3. All the visitors had got to the station before the train set off.

4. I told my American friends that great changes had taken place in China over the past 30 years.

5. I thought this was the first time that he had been late.

五、真题回顾

1----5 CDBCA 6----10 DBACA 11----15 DBBAC

高中英语语法:动词时态－－完成时

完成时
完成时是用来表示动作的完成与未完成的情况。完成时包括现在完成时、过去完成时和将来完成时。
A．现在完成时
1．现在完成时的构成
现在完成时的构成形式是“have/has+过去分词”。现在完成时常被称为“与现在有联系的过去”，因此它不能与明确的过去时间状语连用。
Someonehasbrokenthewindow.
有人把窗户打破了。
Ihaventseenmuchofherlately.
我最近不常见到她。
Howlonghavetheybeenmarried?
他们结婚多长时间了？
2．现在完成时的用法
①表示结果的现在完成时
现在完成时着眼于过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。这是现在完成时的“已完成”用法，表示动作或过程发生在说话之前就已完成，并与现在有联系。这种联系实际上就是“过去的动作”对现在的影响或产生的结果。
Ihaveboughtapen.
我买了一支笔。（结果：Ihaveapennow.）
Thetemperaturehasincreasedby10℃.
温度上升了10摄氏度。（结果：Itisquitehotnow.）
Airpollutionhastakenthelivesofmanypeople.
空气污染已经夺去了很多人的生命。（结果：Airpollutionisveryseriousnow.）
注意：
现在完成时的上下文所指的时态必须呼应。
IhaveboughtapenbutIhavelostitnow.（havebought表示你现在已经有笔了，这和后面的havelost有矛盾）
IboughtapenbutIhavelostitnow.
我（过去）买了一支笔，但我已经把它丢了。
IhavelostmypenbutIhavefounditnow.（havelost强调你现在已经没有笔了，与后面havefound的意思有冲突）
IlostmypenbutIhavefounditnow.
我丢了一支笔，但现在已经找到了。
②表示经历的现在完成时
强调过去某一时刻到说话时这段时间中的经历。
HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?
你去过长城吗？
IhavevisitedBeijingatleasttentimes.
北京我至少访问过十次了。
Shehasneverspentaholidayattheseaside.
她从未到海滨度过假。
③表示延续的现在完成时
这是现在完成时的“未完成”用法，表示一个动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能要继续下去。
Heslovedfishingforalongtime.
他爱好钓鱼为时已久。（他现在仍爱好钓鱼）
Ihavelivedhereformorethanthirtyyears.
我已在这儿住了三十多年了。（也许还会继续住下去）
注意：
现在完成时的“未完成”用法既可用于动态动词（主要是持续动词），也可用于状态动词，但它一般不适用于表示短暂动作或位置转移的动词，如：open,break,go,come,arrive,leave等。如用这类动词表示“未完成”，通常只限于否定结构。
Ihaventseenafilmforweeks.
我已经好几个星期没看电影了。
ShehasntwrittentomesinceSeptember.
自从9月份以来她还没给我写过信呢。
3．现在完成时的时间状语
①与现在完成时“已完成”用法连用的时间状语
现在完成时表示的动作或状态发生在现在时间以前的某个未明确指出的过去时间内，和它连用的时间状语要与现在时间有关，不能是明确地表示过去的时间状语。
a.不确定的过去时间状语：already,yet,before,recently,lately等
Iveseenthefilmbefore.
我以前看过这部电影。
Haveyoubeentherelately?
近来你去过那里吗?
b.频度时间状语：often,sometimes,ever,never,once,rarely等
Wehaveneverheardofthat.
我们从未听说过这事。
Hehassometimesplayedtennis.
他有时打网球。
BigBenhasrarelygonewrong.
大本钟很少出差错。
c.包含现在时间在内的时间状语：now,just,today,thismorning,thisweek,thisyear等
Ihavejustfinishedtheletternow.
我现在刚写完信。
Youhavejustmissedthebus.
你刚好错过公共汽车。
Hashedonemuchworktoday?
他今天做了很多工作吗？
比较：already和yet用法上的区别
already常用于肯定句，置于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，置于句末。但already有时也可用在疑问句中暗示惊讶的心情。
Shehasalreadygone.
她早就走了。
Haveyoueatenyourdinneralready?
你已经吃过饭了?
Hehasnotcomeyet.
他还没有来。
②与现在完成时“未完成”用法连用的时间状语
与“已完成”用法一样，表示具体的过去的时间状语不能与“未完成”用法连用。与其连用的往往是指一段时间的状语以具体表示某一动作或状态持续了多久。
a.since+具体时间，表示动作或状态从何时开始
Sincethen,hehasdevelopedanotherbadhabit.
自那以后他养成了另一个坏习惯。
Hehasntbeenhomesincehegraduated.
他毕业后就没回过家。
b.for+一段时间，表示动作或状态持续了多久
Wehaveworkedhereforages.
我们在这里工作很久了。
Therehasbeennorainherefornearlytwomonths.
这里已经近两个月没有下雨了。
c.untilnow,uptillnow,sofar,uptothemoment
到目前为止
Ihavenotseenhimsofar.
到目前为止我没见过他。
Uptothepresent,everythinghasbeenOK.
到目前为止一切正常。
d.in/duringthepast/lastfiveyears
在刚刚过去的5年里
Hehasbeenawayfromschoolduringthelastfewweeks.
过去的几个星期里他没在学校。
Inthepastfewyearstheyhavedealtwithquiteafewinternationalcorporationssuccessfully.在过去的几年中他们已经和好几家跨国公司做成了生意。
e.allthewhile,allday一直，一整天
Shehasbeenbusyallday.
她忙了一整天。
4．现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
①两者都可表示过去发生过的动作，但前者表示的是过去的动作对现在的影响，而后者则只是表示过去有这一动作的事实。
Helockedthedoor.
他锁过门。（但现在门是开是锁不清楚。）
Hehaslockedthedoor.
他把门锁上了。（现在门是锁着的。）
Whoturnedonthelight?
谁开的灯？（着眼开灯的动作，不管现在灯是开是关。）
Whohasturnedonthelight?
谁把灯打开了？（着眼开灯的结果，即现在灯还亮着。）
②两者都可表示过去开始并延续了一段时间的动作，现在完成时表示该动作仍在继续，而一般过去时则说明该动作现已终止。
HehaslivedinBeijingforfouryears.
他在北京住了四年了。（现在仍住那儿）
HelivedinBeijingforfouryears.
他曾在北京住了四年。（现在不住那儿了）
B．过去完成时
过去完成时的动作须在过去某一时间之前发生，即发生在“过去的过去”。
1．过去完成时的构成
过去完成时是由“had+过去分词”构成的。
SoonIrealizedIhadmadeaseriousmistake.
我很快就意识到我犯了一个严重的错误。
Themansittingbesidemeontheplanewasverynervous.Hehadnotflownbefore.
飞机上坐在我旁边的人很紧张，他以前从没乘过飞机。
Hadhegonehomewhenyouarrived?你到的时候他已经回家了吗？
2．过去完成时的用法
①“已完成”用法
表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常用by引导的时间状语或以before,until,when,than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。
By5:00yesterdaymorningwehaddonethatwork.
到昨天早上5点钟时，我们已经做完了那件工作。
Hehadjustfinishedsweepingtheclassroomwhentheteacherreturnedfromtheoffice.
老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。
Theycameearlierthanwehadexpected.
他们到得比我们预料的要早。
Ihadlearnt5000wordsbeforeIenteredtheuniversity.
我在进大学之前就已学了5000个单词。
Itrainedyesterdayafterithadbeendryformanymonths.
旱了好几个月之后，昨天下雨了。
注意：
在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
Thetrain(had)startedbeforeIreachedthestation.
在我到达车站之前，列车已经开了。
Afterhe(had)arrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.
马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。
②“未完成”用法
表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就已开始，一直持续到这一过去时间，还可能再持续下去。
Uptothattimeallhadgonewell.
直到那时一切都很顺利。
JohnandJanehadknowneachotherforalongtimebeforetheirmarriage.
约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。
Shesaidshehadmademuchprogresssinceshecamehere.
她说自从她到这儿后已取得了很大的进步。
③“想象性”用法
过去完成时有时表示一种未实现的愿望或想法，主要用在if引导的和过去事实相反的条件句以及wish,asif引导的从句中。
Ifshehadworkedhard,shewouldhavesucceeded.
要是她努力的话，她就会成功了。（事实上她没努力，也没成功。）
IwishIhadgonewithyoutotheconcert.
我要是和你一起去音乐会就好了。
Thetwostrangerstalkedasiftheyhadbeengoodfriendsformanyyears.
那两个陌生人交谈起来就像是多年的老朋友。
④表示“刚刚……就……”
过去完成时常用在hardly/scarcely/barely...when...,nosooner...than...等结构中，表示“刚刚……就……”。
Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.
他刚到就又走了。
提示：
intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。
Ihadmeanttocome,butsomethinghappened.
我原本打算来的，但有事发生了。
Ihadintendedtocallonyou,butwaspreventedfromdoingso.
我本打算去看你的，但没能去成。
Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldntgethereintime.
他们原想帮忙的，但没能及时赶到这里。
3．过去完成时与一般过去时的比较
一般过去时表示过去时间的动作或状态。过去完成时表示的动作或状态发生在一般过去时表示的动作或状态之前，因此它表示的是“比过去更过去”。
IreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.
我已归还了我借的书。
Hedidntknowathingabouttheverb,forhehadnotstudiedhislessons.
他对动词一无所知，因为他没有好好学习功课。
Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.
我在车站等了20分钟车才来。
C．将来完成时
1．将来完成时的构成
将来完成时的构成是由“shall/will+have+过去分词”构成的。
Beforelonghewillhaveforgottenallaboutthematter.
不久他就会全然忘记这件事的。
Heissomebodynow.Hewillnothaverememberedhisoldclassmates.
他现在是一个有身份的人了，他可能不会记得老同学了。
WillyouhaveknownKevinfor10yearsnextmonth?到下个月你认识凯文该有10年了吧？
2.将来完成时的用法
①表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。
Weshallhavelearned12unitsbytheendofthisterm.
到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。
BythetimeyougethomeIwillhavecleanedthehousefromtoptobottom.
你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。
Willyousoonhavefinishedlayingthetable?
你会很快摆放好餐桌吗？
注意：
在时间状语从句中，不用将来完成时，要用现在完成时来代替。
WhenIhavefinishedthat,IshallhavedoneallIamsupposedtodo.
等我做完这件事时，我就做完我该做的所有的事了。
Pleasedontgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.
请待车停稳了再下车。
②表示推测
Youwillhaveheardofthis,Iguess.
我想你已经听说过这件事了。
Iamsurehewillhavegottheinformation.
我相信他一定得到了这个信息。
四、完成进行时
完成进行时是完成时和进行时的结合，包括现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。
A.现在完成进行时
1．现在完成进行时的构成
现在完成进行时是由“have/hasbeen+现在分词”构成的。
Heisill.Hesbeenlyinginbedforthreeweeks.
他病了，已经卧床3个星期了。
Youreyesarered.Haveyoubeencrying?
你眼睛红了。你刚刚哭过了吗？
Whathaveyoubeendoingallthistime?
这半天你干什么来着？
2．现在完成进行时的用法
①表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在
现在完成进行时常和allthistime,thisweek,thismonth,allnight,allthemorning,recently等状语以及since和for引导的状语连用。
IhavebeenreadingHemingwaysFarewelltoArmsrecently.
我最近一直在读海明威的《永别了，武器》。
Shehasbeenrecitingthewordsallthemorning.
她整个上午都在背单词。
ThisiswhatIhavebeenexpectingsincemychildhood.
这是我从小以来就一直期待着的事情。
②表示动作刚刚结束
Myclothesareallwet.Ivebeenworkingintherain.
我的衣服全湿了，我刚才一直在雨中干活。
Heisdeaddrunk.Hesbeendrinkingwithhisfriends.
他烂醉如泥，他刚才一直在和朋友们喝酒。
③表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作
Youvebeensayingthatforfiveyears.
这话你已经说了五年了。
Hehasbeenwritingarticlestothenewspapersandmagazinessincehebecameateacher.
自从任教以来，他一直在为报刊杂志撰稿。
④表达较重的感情色彩
Whathaveyoubeendoingtomydictionary?
看你把我的字典弄成什么样子了！
Timehasbeenflyingsoquickly!
时间过得可真快啊！
Toomuchhasbeenhappeningtoday.
今天可真是个多事的日子。
3．现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较
①现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。
Haveyoubeenmeetinghimrecently?
你最近常和他见面吗？
Haveyoumethimrecently?
你最近见到过他吗？
②现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。
Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.
我一直等了你两个小时。（可能表示不满）
Ihavewaitedforyoufortwohours.
我等了你两个小时。（说明一个事实）
③现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果。
Whohasbeeneatingtheoranges?
谁一直在吃这些桔子呀？（还剩余一些）
Whohaseatentheoranges?
谁把桔子吃光了？（强调吃得一个不剩）
B.过去完成进行时
1.过去完成进行时的构成
过去完成进行时是由“hadbeen+现在分词”构成。
Shehadbeensufferingfromabadcoldwhenshetooktheexam.
她在考试之前一直患重感冒。
Hadtheybeenexpectingthenewsforsometime?
他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧？
Rafaelwasscoldedeventhoughhehadntbeendoinganythingwrong.
尽管拉斐尔没做什么错事，但他还是挨骂了。
2.过去完成进行时的用法
①表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作
过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。
IhadbeenlookingforitfordaysbeforeIfoundit.
这东西我找了好多天才找着的。
Theyhadonlybeenwaitingforthebusafewmomentswhenitcame.
他们只等了一会儿车就来了。
②表示反复的动作
Hehadbeenmentioningyournametome.
他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
Youhadbeengivingmeeverything.
你对我真是有求必应。
③过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中（详见第12章）
Thedoctoraskedwhathehadbeeneating.
医生问他吃了什么。
Iaskedwheretheyhadbeenstayingallthosedays.
我问他们那些天是待在哪儿的。
④过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的when分句
Ihadonlybeenreadingafewminuteswhenhecamein.
我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。
Shedonlybeenreviewingherlessonsforashortwhilewhenherlittlesisterinterruptedher.她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。
3．过去完成进行时和过去完成时的比较
Shehadcleanedtheoffice,soitwasverytidy.
她已经打扫过办公室了，所以很整洁。（强调结果）
Shehadbeencleaningtheoffice,sowehadtowaitoutside.
她一直在打扫办公室，所以我们不得不在外面等着。（强调动作一直在进行）

高考英语语法语法专题

天津一中名师英语教案：高考语法
第一部分英语基本句型结构
主+谓结构Westudyforthebenefitofourcountry.
主+谓+宾结构Weshouldhelpeachotherandcareforeachother.
主+系+表结构Wegotlostinthewoods.Hebecameangry.Hemadeanartist.

主+谓+宾+宾结构

Igavehimabooktheotherday.
Hewasgivenabooktheotherday.
We’dbettermaketeaforhimbeforehand.
Hepromisedmetocomeearlier.
Heexplainedtousthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.
Theymusthavemadefulluseoftheirsparetimetostudy.
(Fullusemusthavebeenmadeoftheirsparetimetostudy.)
(Theirsparetimemusthavebeenmadefulluseoftostudy.)

主+谓+宾+宾补结构

Wemadehimmonitorofourclass.
Hesleptwiththewindowopen.
HowcanIstudywiththemusicon?
Welastfoundhiminthehut.
Wesawhimenteringtheroom.
HowcanIstudywiththemusicplayedoneveryday?
(HowcanIstudywiththemusicbeingplayedoneveryday?)
Thisisthefirstvolumeofhebook,withthesecondtocomeoutnextmonth.
Therebe结构
Thereusedtobeapinetreeinfrontofthemountain.
Therehappenedtobeastormtheotherday.

祈使结构
Women,carryingbabies,getonthebusfirst.
---Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday.
---Whyme?

倒装结构

Hetoldmeneveroncehadheseensuchabetterresult.
---Haveyoureadbothofthisnovelsrecently?
---No.NeithershallIread.
SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanwithgreatachievements.
Sobravedidhelookthathescaredtheenemytodeath.
Soharddidheworkthathewontheprizefinally.
Atnotimeshallweusenuclearweaponsfirst.
强调句结构
Whatwasitthatmadehimupsettheotherday?
HedoesgetupveryearlyeverySunday.

省略结构
Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.
Neverspeakuntilaskedto.
Hedidn’tcometothemeeting,butweallthoughheshouldhave
感叹结构
YoucanhardlyimaginehowworriedIwasatthattime.
Whatfun(itis)tojumpintoapoolonahotsummerday!
主谓主补结构
Shelayinbed,awake.
Heleftabeggarandreturnedamillionaire.

第二部分高考英语句子整体认知部分
并列句
英语并列句连接词：（并列连词务必要放在句中来使用）
andbut(andyet)yetandthenotherwiseor(orelse)so
neither…noreither…orboth…and…notonly…butalso
whether…or
forwhenwhile
主从复合句
主从复合句连接词
1．名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）
that(无中文意思，无语法功能)
whether/if,asif/asthoughbecause(有中文意思，但无语法功能)
whowhomwhosewhichwhenwherewhy
how(howmany…)howoftenhowsoonhowlong(所有含有w/h引导的从句均为从句连接词)
w/h-ever(用在名词性从句中表示强调的作用)
2．定语从句引导词（限定性与非限定性；定整体与定部分的认知）
whichwhothatwhomwhosewhenwhere(介词+which)
名词+of+which
which/as引导非限定性定语从句
3．时间状语从句
whenwhileas
assoonas(themomenttheminutetheseconddirectlyimmediatelyHardlyhad…when
Nosoonerhad…thanScarcelyhad…then)
beforesinceuntiljustas
aftertillonce
eachtimeeverytimethefirsttimethelasttimetheyear(名词作为连词)
4．原因状语从句
becausesinceasnowthatseeingthatconsidering
when(既然)
5．条件状语从句
ifunlessprovided(providing)supposing
Suppose(that)(大写放在句首使用)onconditionthat
aslongassolongasincase(that)once
6．目的状语从句
sothat(后面有情态动词can/couldmay/might)inorderthat
7．结果状语从句
so…thatsuch…thatsothat(后面无任何情态动词)
8．方式状语从句
asjustas(in)theway
asif/asthough(后面根据句子逻辑采用虚拟或非虚拟)
9．比较状语从句
as…asnotso…asthan
倍数比较的各种句型
10．地点状语从句
wherewherever
11．让步状语从句
althoughthoughnomatter+w/hw/h-ever
whether…or…
while
as(倒装)
evenif/eventhough(根据句子逻辑采用虚拟或者非虚拟)

高考英语语法专题复习句型整理

作为优秀的教学工作者，在教学时能够胸有成竹，作为教师就要在上课前做好适合自己的教案。教案可以让学生更好的吸收课堂上所讲的知识点，帮助教师掌握上课时的教学节奏。教案的内容具体要怎样写呢？下面是小编精心收集整理，为您带来的《高考英语语法专题复习句型整理》，欢迎您参考，希望对您有所助益！

句型整理：
一．形式主语/形式宾语句型
1.Itispossibleimportant/necessary/difficult(forsb.)＋todo
2.Itisimportant/necessary/difficultthatsb.(should)dosth.
3.Itisashame/ourduty/myhonortodo
4.Itisnouse/gooddoing…
5.Itistrue/evident/clear/obvious/certainthat..
6.Itissaid/reportedthat…据说/报道…
7.Itisthought/believedthat…认为…
8.Itissuggested/insistedthatsb.(should)do…人们建议/要求..
9.Sbthink/believe/find/makeitpossible/arule/aduty…+todo
10.强调句型(It+be+被强调的部分+that…)
11.Itis/wasnotuntil…that…
12.Itis/was(high)timethatsb.didsth.是做…的时候了
13.Itis/was(high)timethatsb.(should)do
14.Itis/wastime(forsb.)todo
15.Itisthefirst/second…timethatsb.has/havedonesth.
16.Itwasthefirst/second…timethatsb.haddonesth.
翻译下列句子
对青少年学而言有必要学一门外语.(adolescent)
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他放弃这份工作是很愚蠢的。(Itisfoolishof…)
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有你帮我忙真好。(Itiskindof…)
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劝他戒烟是没用的。(Itisnousedoing)
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为泼洒的牛奶哭泣是没用的。（覆水难收）
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很多人认为常规运动是有益的。(it作形式宾语;beneficial)
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被邀请在这儿演讲是我的荣幸。(it作形式宾语)
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的确抽烟有害健康。(Itistruethat…)
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建议我们应该竭尽全力学好英语。(Itissuggestedthat…;sparenoeffort)
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直到我告诉他我的名字他才认出我来。(not…until;recognize)
HedidnotrecognizemeuntilItoldhimmyname.(1.改为倒装结；2.改为强调句)
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该是我们保护环境的时候了。

Itwas＋时间段＋before＋主语＋动词过去时“过了多久，才…”，如：
Itwasthreehoursbeforehegotthere.
Itwillbe＋时间段＋before＋主语＋动词一般现在时“多久后，将…”，如：
Itwillbethreeyearsbeforewemeetagain.三年后我们再相见。
Itis/hasbeen＋since＋主语＋动词过去式“自从…以来，已多久了”，如：
Itisthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.他入伍已三年了。
我感冒已四天了。
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自从我们上次见面以来已过了两周。
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五年之后他就会再见你的。
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很久以后我们才会再见面。
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过不了多久我们的希望就会变成现实。
过了3年，我们才再次见面。
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参考答案
1.Itis/hasbeenfourdayssinceIcaughtacold.
2.Itis/hasbeentwoweekssincewemetlast.
3.Itwillbefiveyearsbeforehemeetsyouagain.
4.Itwillbelongbeforewemeetagain.
5.Itwillnotbelongbeforeweturnourhopeintoreality.
6.Itwas3yearbeforewefinallymetagain.