高三英语过去完成时。

一名优秀的教师在教学时都会提前最好准备，教师要准备好教案，这是教师的任务之一。教案可以让学生更容易听懂所讲的内容，让教师能够快速的解决各种教学问题。你知道怎么写具体的教案内容吗？下面是小编精心为您整理的“高三英语过去完成时”，欢迎大家阅读，希望对大家有所帮助。

过去完成时

一、概念
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past）”。
----|--------------------------|-------------------------------|----------------------------
那时以前　那时　现在

二、构成
过去完成时由“助动词had+过去分词”构成，其中had通用于各种人称。
例如：
Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.
他们来宾馆之前就已经吃过饭了。
Hedidn’tgotobeduntilhehadfinishedhework.
他直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。

三、用法
1.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。
例如：
WhenIwokeup,ithadstoppedraining.
我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”）
HehadleftwhenIarrived.当我到达时他已经离开。

2.过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。
例如：
Shetoldmethatshehadwrittenanewnovel.
她告诉我她已经写好一本小说了。(hadwritten发生在told之前)
IfoundthewatchwhichIhadlost.我找到了我丢失的表。

3.过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already，yet，still，just，before，never等时间副词及by，before，until等引导的短语或从句连用。
例如：
BeforeshecametoChina,AmyhadtaughtEnglishinamiddleschoolforaboutfiveyears.　
艾米来中国之前，在一所中学已经教了五年英语。
Tomhadcollectedmorethan300Chinesestampsbythetimehewasseven.
汤姆在七岁时已经集了300多张中国邮票。

4.过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。
例如：
Bytheendoflastyear,myfatherhadworkedinthefactoryfortwentyyears.
去年年底时，爸爸已经在工厂工作二十年了。（hadworked已有了20年，还有继续进行下去的可能）　
Bysixo’clockhehadworkedelevenhours.到6点钟时他就已经工作了11小时。

5.动词think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。
例如：
Ihadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.
我本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。
Theyhadhopedtobeabletocomeandseeyou.
他们本来希望能来看看你。

6.过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…,nosooner…than…,Itwasthefirst(second,etc)time(that)…等固定句型中。
例如：
Hardlyhadhebegantospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.
他刚到就又走了。
Itwasthethirdtimethatshehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.
这是她那一年第三次失业了。

过去完成时的用法总结如下表：
过去完成时
构成助动词had+动词的过去分词

基

本

用

法1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。可以用by,
before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示
2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for,since构成的时间状语连用
3）过去完成时常常用在宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前
4）在包含有when,until等连词的复合句中，如果主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的过去动作不是同时发生的，那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示
和其它时态的区别过去完成时/现在完成时
现在完成时着眼于现在，强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或是由过去持续到现在的动作
过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的动作先后有别，表达的是“过去的过去”
过去完成时/一般过去时
过去完成时强调某动作在过去某时间或另一动作之前已完成
一般过去时仅表示动作或状态在过去某时间发生过，不强调与另一动作的比较

注

意

事

项1）动词think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。
2)过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…,nosooner…than…,Itwasthefirst(second,etc)time(that)…等固定句型中。
3）It/Thiswas+序数词time或最高级that后面的从句用过去完成时。
4）用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句中

现在完成时与过去完成时的区别

现在完成时着眼于现在，强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或是由过去持续到现在的动作。
例如：
Ihavecleanedtheclassroom.
我打扫干净教室了。（强调扫地所产生的结果：地干净了！）
Theyhavelivedherefortwentyyears.
他们住在这二十年了。（“住”从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时）
WehavelivedinBeijingsincewecameChina.
自我们来中国就住在北京了。（“住”是从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时）

过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的两动作的先后有别，表达的是“过去的过去”，即比过去发生的某动作都还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的就用过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般过去时。运用过去完成时的句子往往有两过去的时间或动作。
例如：
MrSmithhadlivedinLondonfortenyearsbeforehecametoChina.
史密斯先生在来中国之前就已经在伦敦住过十年了。(“来”中国已成过去，而先前“住”在纽约就是过去的过去！）
Wehadlearned2000wordsbytheendoflastterm.
在上期期末，我们就已经学了2000个单词。
（“上期期末”已过去，而在其前“学”的就更过去了！）

过去完成时专项练习
一、单项填空
1.WhenLiMinghurriedhome,hefoundthathismother____already____tohospital.
A.has;beensentB.had;sentC.has;sentD.had;beensent
2.Thestudents_______severalnewEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.
A.hadlearnedB.learnedC.havelearnedD.willhavelearned
3.LuMeitoldmeshe_____breakfast,soshewasveryhungryafterhavingtwoclasses.
A.hashadB.hasnthaveC.havehadD.hadnthad
4.Hardly______tothebusstopwhenthebusleft,whichdrovethemcrazy.
AdidtheygetBtheygotChadtheygotDhastheygot
5.She_____herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband____home.
Ahasleft;comesBhadleft;wouldcomeChadleft;cameDleft;hadcome
6.Mr.Blacksaidthatitwasatleasttenyearssincehe_____agooddrink.
AhadenjoyedBwasenjoyingChaveenjoyedDhavebeenenjoying
7.I______tocatchthefirsttrainbutIgotuptoolatethismorning.
A.hopingB.hadhopedC.hashopedD.wouldhope
8.Dr.Brownwasverydisappointedthatonethirdoftheguests_____whenhe_____attheparty.
A.left;hadarrivedB.left;arrivedC.hadleft;hadarrivedD.hadleft;arrived
9.Tomfirstmetme10yearsago.I______inaradiofactoryatthattime.
　A.hadworkedB.haveworkedC.wasworkingD.hasbeenworking
10.----What______whenIphonedyou?
　----I______mywork,andwantedtogooutforawalk.
　A.haveyoudone;finishedB.wereyoudoing;havefinished
　C.didyoudo;hadjustfinishedD.wereyoudoing;hadjustfinished
11.Itisveryclearthatyouwereinahurry.You______yoursweaterinsideout.
A.hadwornB.woreC.werewearingD.arewearing
12.----We______thatyouwouldfixtheTVsetthisweek.
　----I’msorry.I______tofixitthisweek,butI’vebeentoobusy.
A.hadexpected;hadintendedB.areexpecting;hadintended
C.expect;intendD.expected;intend
13.---Alicecamebackhomethedaybeforeyesterday.
　---Really?Where______?
A.hasshebeenB.hadshebeenC.hasshegoneD.hadshegone
14.Mr.GreenandIarefamiliarwitheachother;we______toeachotherataninternationalconference.
A.areintroducedB.arebeingintroduced
C.wereintroducedD.hadbeenintroduced
15.---Didhenoticeyouentertheroom?
---Idon’tthinkso.He______totheradiowithhiseyesshut.
A.listenedB.waslistening　C.haslistenedD.hadlistened
16.TomandJackmetagaininthestreetthatday.Untilthen,they_____eachotherfornearlytwoyears.
A.didn’tseeB.hadn’tseenC.haven’tseenD.haven’tbeenseen
17.---Jane,doyoustillrememberthefirsttimewemet?
　---OfcourseIdo.You______inthelibrary.
A.werereadingB.hadreadC.havereadD.read
18.Alotofmyfriendswanttobuythatkindofclothbecausethey_____thecloth______well.
A.havetold;washesB.havebeentold;washes
C.wastold;washedD.havebeentold;iswashed
19.Theyoungprofessortalkedforaboutnearlytwohoursyesterday.Never______himtalksomuch.
A.IheardB.didIhearC.IhadheardD.hadIheard
20.MsWang______totheofficethanshegotdowntowritingthereport.
A.hasnosoonergotB.hadhardlygotC.nosoonergotD.hadnosoonergot
21.Mydictionary______.Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill______it.
A.haslost;don’tfind　B.ismissing;don’tfind
C.haslost;haven’tfoundD.ismissing;haven’tfound
22.---Excuseme,sir.Wouldyoudomeafavour?
　---Ofcourse.Whatisit?
　---I______ifyoucouldtakemetothestation.
　A.wouldwonderB.didwonderC.waswonderingD.hadwondered
23.---Hi,LiuTao.Idroppedinatyourhouseatabouttenlastnight,butyouweren’tin.
　---Oh,I______regularexerciseattheclub.
　A.didB.wasdoingC.haddoneDhavebeendoing
24.Allthepolicemen’sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmalldustyboxwhich____placedinthecorneroftheroom.
A.hasbeenB.wasbeingC.hadbeenD.wouldbe
25.BythetimeIgothomeyesterday,myhusband_______cookingthedinner.
A.hadfinishedB.finishedC.hasfinishedD.finishes
26.MyfriendaskedmewhetheritwasthefirsttimethatI______skiing.
A.wentB.hasgoneC.hadgoneD.wouldgo
27.Toeveryone’ssurprise,MrSmith’ssonspentmuchmoremoneythanhe______onthejourney.
A.willplanB.hasplannedC.wouldplanD.hadplanned
28.Ifhe________tothemeetingyesterday,Iwouldhavemethim.
A.hadcomeB.cameC.wouldcomeD.wascoming
29.Iwaslatefortheinterviewyesterday.I________theroadtobesocrowded.
A.wouldn’texpectB.haven’texpectedC.wasn’texpectingD.hadn’texpected
30.---Howlonghadthehotel_______firewhenthefiremengotthere?
---Foranhourorso.
A.caughtB.beencaughtC.beenonD.beencatching

二、用所给动词的正确形式填空
1Bythetimewegottotheairport,theplane_______(take)off.
2Thechildren________(have)thebookfortwoweeksbeforetheyreturnedittothelibrary.
3He______(study)Englishforfiveyearsbeforehecamehere.
4WhenIwokeupthismorning,Ifoundthatit________(stop)snowing.
5Theboy_____(notwatch)themoviebecausehehadwatchedittwice.
6Katetoldmethatitwasthesecondtimethatshe_______(go)skating.
7WhenJim_____(come)toChinatwoyearsago,hefoundpeopledidntunderstandhimatallthoughhe________(learn)someChineseinhisowncountry.
8IsawHanMeiyesterday.We_____(notsee)eachothersinceweleftBeijing.
9Ifyou_______(work)harder,youwouldhavepassedtheexamination.
10Nosoonerhadwegottherethanit______(begin)torain.

三、句子改错
1.Whenshegothomelastnight,herthreechildrenwenttobed.
2.IdidntgotoseethefirmbecauseIsawitbefore.
3.Thewindwasstillblowing,buttherainhasstopped.
4.Bytheendoflasttermwelearnedabout1,500Englishwords.
5.Jimgotseriouslyill.Hedidn’teatenanythingsinceTuesday.

四、中译英
1当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始十分钟了。
2他们本来计划在上个周末前到达中国的。
3火车开出之前，所有的参观者就已经到了车站。
4我告诉了我美国的朋友在过去的三十年里中国发生了巨大的变化。
5我原以为这是他第一次迟到。

五、真题回顾
1.Theflowersweresolovelythatthey__________innotime.
A.soldB.hadbeensoldC.weresoldD.wouldsell
2.IknowalittlebitaboutItalyasmywifeandI___thereseveralyearsago.
A.aregoingB.hadbeenC.wentD.havebeen
3.----Isthereanythingwrong,Bob?Youlooksad.
----Oh,nothingmuch.Infact,I____ofmyfriendsbackhome.
A.havejustthoughtB.wasjustthinking
C.wouldjustthinkD.willjustbethinking
4.----Tom,youdidn’tcometothepartylastnight?
----I____,butIsuddenlyrememberedIhadhomeworktodo.
A.hadtoB.didn’tC.wasgoingtoD.wouldn’t
5.----Didyoutidyyourroom?
----No,IwasgoingtotidymyroombutI______visitors.
A.hadB.haveC.havehadD.willhave
6.Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstances_____inthepastyears.
A.discoveredB.havediscovered
C.hadbeendiscoveredD.havebeendiscovered
7.They_____twofreeticketstoCanada,otherwisethey’dneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogo.
A.hadgotB.gotC.havegotD.get
8.---DidPeterfixthecomputerhimself?
---He________,becausehedoesntknowmuchaboutcomputers.
A.hasitfixedB.hadfixeditC.haditfixedD.fixedit
9.Igotcaughtintherainandmysuit____.
A.hasruinedB.hadruinedC.hasbeenruinedD.hadbeenruined
10.---Itwasreallyverykindofyoutogivemealifthome.
---Oh,don’tmentionit.I_____pastyourhouseanyway.
A.wascomingB.willcomeC.hadcomeD.havecome
11.---IsawJaneandherboyfriendintheparkateightyesterdayevening.
---Impossible.She____TVwithmeinmyhomethen.
A.watchedB.hadwatchedC.wouldwatchD.waswatching
12.Astheyearspassed,manyoccasions—birthdays,awards,graduations—________withDad’sflowers.
A.aremarkedB.weremarkedC.havemarkedD.hadmarked
13.Attheendofthemeeting,itwasannouncedthatanagreement______
A.hasbeenreachedB.hadbeenreachedC.hasreachedD.hadreached
14.---you＿＿himaroundthemuseumyet?
---Yes.Wehadagreattimethere.
A.Have;shownB.Do;showC.Had;shownD.Did;show
15.I____therelittlemorethanaweekwhenIsettoworkwiththescientist.
A.wouldbeB.havebeenC.hadbeenD.willbe

参考答案
一、单项填空
1----5DADCC6----10ABDCD11----15AABCB16----20BABDD
21----25DCBCA26----30CDADC
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.hadtaken2.hadhad3.hadstudied4.hadstopped
5.didn’twatch6.hadgone7.came;hadlearned8.hadn’tseen
9.hadworked10.began
三、句子改错
1.went改成hadgone2.saw改成hadseen
3.hasstopped改成hadstopped4.learned改成hadlearned
5.didn’t改成hadn’t
四、中译英
1.Whenwegottothecinema,themoviehadalreadybeenonfortenminutes.
2.TheyhadplannedtoreachChinabeforetheendoflastweek.
3.Allthevisitorshadgottothestationbeforethetrainsetoff.
4.ItoldmyAmericanfriendsthatgreatchangeshadtakenplaceinChinaoverthepast30years.
5.Ithoughtthiswasthefirsttimethathehadbeenlate.
五、真题回顾
1----5CDBCA6----10DBACA11----15DBBAC

相关知识

高考英语语法专题复习现在完成时和过去完成时

一位优秀的教师不打无准备之仗，会提前做好准备，高中教师要准备好教案，这是高中教师的任务之一。教案可以让学生们充分体会到学习的快乐，帮助高中教师提前熟悉所教学的内容。那么，你知道高中教案要怎么写呢？下面是小编为大家整理的“高考英语语法专题复习现在完成时和过去完成时”，仅供您在工作和学习中参考。

Unit9Wheels

语法剖析?
Ⅰ.现在完成进行时
　1.现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在的一段时间内某个动作一直在持续，到现在为止，该动作可能已不再持续，也可能还在进行。这要根据上下文来确定。句中常含有表示一段时间的状语。?
Sheisverytired.She’sbeentypinglettersallday.她很累了。她整天都在打信件。(现在可能仍在打字，也可能刚刚停下。)?
I’vebeenworkingforthecompanyfor15years.我已经在这家公司干了15了。(可能仍在这家公司，也可能刚换工作或退休。)?
2.现在完成进行时还可以表示到现在为止经常重复的动作：?
JimhasbeenphoningJennyeverynightforthelastweek.?
吉姆上个星期天天晚上都给詹妮打电话。?
3.现在完成进行时态还可以用于抱怨：?
Thisroomstinks.Someonehasbeensmokinginhere.?
这个房间空气不好，有人在这儿抽过烟了。
Ⅱ.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较
?　1.它们的区别主要是通过上下文和所使用的动词来看一件事仍在进行还是已经完成：?
I’vebeenpaintingtheroom.我一直在油漆这个房间。?
I’vepaintedtheroom.我已经油漆过这个房间了。?
从以上两个句子中可以看出，第一个句子里，工作尚未完成；第二个句子里，这项工作已经完成了。?
2.某些动词，如learn,lie,live,rain,sit,sleep,stand,study,wait,work等本身就有持续性，故常用于带有since或for的完成进行时；以及howlong开头的疑问句中。?
I’vebeensleepingforatleast8hours,yetIstillfeeltired.?
我已经睡了至少8个小时了，可还是觉得累。?
Howlonghaveyoubeenwaitinghere？你在这儿等多久了？?
以上的两个句子也可以使用一般现在完成时，可以说I’veslept和haveyouwaited。惟一的区别是，进行时形式更强调动作的持续性。

高中英语语法:动词时态－－完成时

完成时
完成时是用来表示动作的完成与未完成的情况。完成时包括现在完成时、过去完成时和将来完成时。
A．现在完成时
1．现在完成时的构成
现在完成时的构成形式是“have/has+过去分词”。现在完成时常被称为“与现在有联系的过去”，因此它不能与明确的过去时间状语连用。
Someonehasbrokenthewindow.
有人把窗户打破了。
Ihaventseenmuchofherlately.
我最近不常见到她。
Howlonghavetheybeenmarried?
他们结婚多长时间了？
2．现在完成时的用法
①表示结果的现在完成时
现在完成时着眼于过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。这是现在完成时的“已完成”用法，表示动作或过程发生在说话之前就已完成，并与现在有联系。这种联系实际上就是“过去的动作”对现在的影响或产生的结果。
Ihaveboughtapen.
我买了一支笔。（结果：Ihaveapennow.）
Thetemperaturehasincreasedby10℃.
温度上升了10摄氏度。（结果：Itisquitehotnow.）
Airpollutionhastakenthelivesofmanypeople.
空气污染已经夺去了很多人的生命。（结果：Airpollutionisveryseriousnow.）
注意：
现在完成时的上下文所指的时态必须呼应。
IhaveboughtapenbutIhavelostitnow.（havebought表示你现在已经有笔了，这和后面的havelost有矛盾）
IboughtapenbutIhavelostitnow.
我（过去）买了一支笔，但我已经把它丢了。
IhavelostmypenbutIhavefounditnow.（havelost强调你现在已经没有笔了，与后面havefound的意思有冲突）
IlostmypenbutIhavefounditnow.
我丢了一支笔，但现在已经找到了。
②表示经历的现在完成时
强调过去某一时刻到说话时这段时间中的经历。
HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?
你去过长城吗？
IhavevisitedBeijingatleasttentimes.
北京我至少访问过十次了。
Shehasneverspentaholidayattheseaside.
她从未到海滨度过假。
③表示延续的现在完成时
这是现在完成时的“未完成”用法，表示一个动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能要继续下去。
Heslovedfishingforalongtime.
他爱好钓鱼为时已久。（他现在仍爱好钓鱼）
Ihavelivedhereformorethanthirtyyears.
我已在这儿住了三十多年了。（也许还会继续住下去）
注意：
现在完成时的“未完成”用法既可用于动态动词（主要是持续动词），也可用于状态动词，但它一般不适用于表示短暂动作或位置转移的动词，如：open,break,go,come,arrive,leave等。如用这类动词表示“未完成”，通常只限于否定结构。
Ihaventseenafilmforweeks.
我已经好几个星期没看电影了。
ShehasntwrittentomesinceSeptember.
自从9月份以来她还没给我写过信呢。
3．现在完成时的时间状语
①与现在完成时“已完成”用法连用的时间状语
现在完成时表示的动作或状态发生在现在时间以前的某个未明确指出的过去时间内，和它连用的时间状语要与现在时间有关，不能是明确地表示过去的时间状语。
a.不确定的过去时间状语：already,yet,before,recently,lately等
Iveseenthefilmbefore.
我以前看过这部电影。
Haveyoubeentherelately?
近来你去过那里吗?
b.频度时间状语：often,sometimes,ever,never,once,rarely等
Wehaveneverheardofthat.
我们从未听说过这事。
Hehassometimesplayedtennis.
他有时打网球。
BigBenhasrarelygonewrong.
大本钟很少出差错。
c.包含现在时间在内的时间状语：now,just,today,thismorning,thisweek,thisyear等
Ihavejustfinishedtheletternow.
我现在刚写完信。
Youhavejustmissedthebus.
你刚好错过公共汽车。
Hashedonemuchworktoday?
他今天做了很多工作吗？
比较：already和yet用法上的区别
already常用于肯定句，置于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，置于句末。但already有时也可用在疑问句中暗示惊讶的心情。
Shehasalreadygone.
她早就走了。
Haveyoueatenyourdinneralready?
你已经吃过饭了?
Hehasnotcomeyet.
他还没有来。
②与现在完成时“未完成”用法连用的时间状语
与“已完成”用法一样，表示具体的过去的时间状语不能与“未完成”用法连用。与其连用的往往是指一段时间的状语以具体表示某一动作或状态持续了多久。
a.since+具体时间，表示动作或状态从何时开始
Sincethen,hehasdevelopedanotherbadhabit.
自那以后他养成了另一个坏习惯。
Hehasntbeenhomesincehegraduated.
他毕业后就没回过家。
b.for+一段时间，表示动作或状态持续了多久
Wehaveworkedhereforages.
我们在这里工作很久了。
Therehasbeennorainherefornearlytwomonths.
这里已经近两个月没有下雨了。
c.untilnow,uptillnow,sofar,uptothemoment
到目前为止
Ihavenotseenhimsofar.
到目前为止我没见过他。
Uptothepresent,everythinghasbeenOK.
到目前为止一切正常。
d.in/duringthepast/lastfiveyears
在刚刚过去的5年里
Hehasbeenawayfromschoolduringthelastfewweeks.
过去的几个星期里他没在学校。
Inthepastfewyearstheyhavedealtwithquiteafewinternationalcorporationssuccessfully.在过去的几年中他们已经和好几家跨国公司做成了生意。
e.allthewhile,allday一直，一整天
Shehasbeenbusyallday.
她忙了一整天。
4．现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
①两者都可表示过去发生过的动作，但前者表示的是过去的动作对现在的影响，而后者则只是表示过去有这一动作的事实。
Helockedthedoor.
他锁过门。（但现在门是开是锁不清楚。）
Hehaslockedthedoor.
他把门锁上了。（现在门是锁着的。）
Whoturnedonthelight?
谁开的灯？（着眼开灯的动作，不管现在灯是开是关。）
Whohasturnedonthelight?
谁把灯打开了？（着眼开灯的结果，即现在灯还亮着。）
②两者都可表示过去开始并延续了一段时间的动作，现在完成时表示该动作仍在继续，而一般过去时则说明该动作现已终止。
HehaslivedinBeijingforfouryears.
他在北京住了四年了。（现在仍住那儿）
HelivedinBeijingforfouryears.
他曾在北京住了四年。（现在不住那儿了）
B．过去完成时
过去完成时的动作须在过去某一时间之前发生，即发生在“过去的过去”。
1．过去完成时的构成
过去完成时是由“had+过去分词”构成的。
SoonIrealizedIhadmadeaseriousmistake.
我很快就意识到我犯了一个严重的错误。
Themansittingbesidemeontheplanewasverynervous.Hehadnotflownbefore.
飞机上坐在我旁边的人很紧张，他以前从没乘过飞机。
Hadhegonehomewhenyouarrived?你到的时候他已经回家了吗？
2．过去完成时的用法
①“已完成”用法
表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常用by引导的时间状语或以before,until,when,than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。
By5:00yesterdaymorningwehaddonethatwork.
到昨天早上5点钟时，我们已经做完了那件工作。
Hehadjustfinishedsweepingtheclassroomwhentheteacherreturnedfromtheoffice.
老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。
Theycameearlierthanwehadexpected.
他们到得比我们预料的要早。
Ihadlearnt5000wordsbeforeIenteredtheuniversity.
我在进大学之前就已学了5000个单词。
Itrainedyesterdayafterithadbeendryformanymonths.
旱了好几个月之后，昨天下雨了。
注意：
在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
Thetrain(had)startedbeforeIreachedthestation.
在我到达车站之前，列车已经开了。
Afterhe(had)arrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.
马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。
②“未完成”用法
表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就已开始，一直持续到这一过去时间，还可能再持续下去。
Uptothattimeallhadgonewell.
直到那时一切都很顺利。
JohnandJanehadknowneachotherforalongtimebeforetheirmarriage.
约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。
Shesaidshehadmademuchprogresssinceshecamehere.
她说自从她到这儿后已取得了很大的进步。
③“想象性”用法
过去完成时有时表示一种未实现的愿望或想法，主要用在if引导的和过去事实相反的条件句以及wish,asif引导的从句中。
Ifshehadworkedhard,shewouldhavesucceeded.
要是她努力的话，她就会成功了。（事实上她没努力，也没成功。）
IwishIhadgonewithyoutotheconcert.
我要是和你一起去音乐会就好了。
Thetwostrangerstalkedasiftheyhadbeengoodfriendsformanyyears.
那两个陌生人交谈起来就像是多年的老朋友。
④表示“刚刚……就……”
过去完成时常用在hardly/scarcely/barely...when...,nosooner...than...等结构中，表示“刚刚……就……”。
Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.
他刚到就又走了。
提示：
intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。
Ihadmeanttocome,butsomethinghappened.
我原本打算来的，但有事发生了。
Ihadintendedtocallonyou,butwaspreventedfromdoingso.
我本打算去看你的，但没能去成。
Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldntgethereintime.
他们原想帮忙的，但没能及时赶到这里。
3．过去完成时与一般过去时的比较
一般过去时表示过去时间的动作或状态。过去完成时表示的动作或状态发生在一般过去时表示的动作或状态之前，因此它表示的是“比过去更过去”。
IreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.
我已归还了我借的书。
Hedidntknowathingabouttheverb,forhehadnotstudiedhislessons.
他对动词一无所知，因为他没有好好学习功课。
Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.
我在车站等了20分钟车才来。
C．将来完成时
1．将来完成时的构成
将来完成时的构成是由“shall/will+have+过去分词”构成的。
Beforelonghewillhaveforgottenallaboutthematter.
不久他就会全然忘记这件事的。
Heissomebodynow.Hewillnothaverememberedhisoldclassmates.
他现在是一个有身份的人了，他可能不会记得老同学了。
WillyouhaveknownKevinfor10yearsnextmonth?到下个月你认识凯文该有10年了吧？
2.将来完成时的用法
①表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。
Weshallhavelearned12unitsbytheendofthisterm.
到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。
BythetimeyougethomeIwillhavecleanedthehousefromtoptobottom.
你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。
Willyousoonhavefinishedlayingthetable?
你会很快摆放好餐桌吗？
注意：
在时间状语从句中，不用将来完成时，要用现在完成时来代替。
WhenIhavefinishedthat,IshallhavedoneallIamsupposedtodo.
等我做完这件事时，我就做完我该做的所有的事了。
Pleasedontgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.
请待车停稳了再下车。
②表示推测
Youwillhaveheardofthis,Iguess.
我想你已经听说过这件事了。
Iamsurehewillhavegottheinformation.
我相信他一定得到了这个信息。
四、完成进行时
完成进行时是完成时和进行时的结合，包括现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。
A.现在完成进行时
1．现在完成进行时的构成
现在完成进行时是由“have/hasbeen+现在分词”构成的。
Heisill.Hesbeenlyinginbedforthreeweeks.
他病了，已经卧床3个星期了。
Youreyesarered.Haveyoubeencrying?
你眼睛红了。你刚刚哭过了吗？
Whathaveyoubeendoingallthistime?
这半天你干什么来着？
2．现在完成进行时的用法
①表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在
现在完成进行时常和allthistime,thisweek,thismonth,allnight,allthemorning,recently等状语以及since和for引导的状语连用。
IhavebeenreadingHemingwaysFarewelltoArmsrecently.
我最近一直在读海明威的《永别了，武器》。
Shehasbeenrecitingthewordsallthemorning.
她整个上午都在背单词。
ThisiswhatIhavebeenexpectingsincemychildhood.
这是我从小以来就一直期待着的事情。
②表示动作刚刚结束
Myclothesareallwet.Ivebeenworkingintherain.
我的衣服全湿了，我刚才一直在雨中干活。
Heisdeaddrunk.Hesbeendrinkingwithhisfriends.
他烂醉如泥，他刚才一直在和朋友们喝酒。
③表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作
Youvebeensayingthatforfiveyears.
这话你已经说了五年了。
Hehasbeenwritingarticlestothenewspapersandmagazinessincehebecameateacher.
自从任教以来，他一直在为报刊杂志撰稿。
④表达较重的感情色彩
Whathaveyoubeendoingtomydictionary?
看你把我的字典弄成什么样子了！
Timehasbeenflyingsoquickly!
时间过得可真快啊！
Toomuchhasbeenhappeningtoday.
今天可真是个多事的日子。
3．现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较
①现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。
Haveyoubeenmeetinghimrecently?
你最近常和他见面吗？
Haveyoumethimrecently?
你最近见到过他吗？
②现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。
Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.
我一直等了你两个小时。（可能表示不满）
Ihavewaitedforyoufortwohours.
我等了你两个小时。（说明一个事实）
③现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果。
Whohasbeeneatingtheoranges?
谁一直在吃这些桔子呀？（还剩余一些）
Whohaseatentheoranges?
谁把桔子吃光了？（强调吃得一个不剩）
B.过去完成进行时
1.过去完成进行时的构成
过去完成进行时是由“hadbeen+现在分词”构成。
Shehadbeensufferingfromabadcoldwhenshetooktheexam.
她在考试之前一直患重感冒。
Hadtheybeenexpectingthenewsforsometime?
他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧？
Rafaelwasscoldedeventhoughhehadntbeendoinganythingwrong.
尽管拉斐尔没做什么错事，但他还是挨骂了。
2.过去完成进行时的用法
①表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作
过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。
IhadbeenlookingforitfordaysbeforeIfoundit.
这东西我找了好多天才找着的。
Theyhadonlybeenwaitingforthebusafewmomentswhenitcame.
他们只等了一会儿车就来了。
②表示反复的动作
Hehadbeenmentioningyournametome.
他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
Youhadbeengivingmeeverything.
你对我真是有求必应。
③过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中（详见第12章）
Thedoctoraskedwhathehadbeeneating.
医生问他吃了什么。
Iaskedwheretheyhadbeenstayingallthosedays.
我问他们那些天是待在哪儿的。
④过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的when分句
Ihadonlybeenreadingafewminuteswhenhecamein.
我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。
Shedonlybeenreviewingherlessonsforashortwhilewhenherlittlesisterinterruptedher.她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。
3．过去完成进行时和过去完成时的比较
Shehadcleanedtheoffice,soitwasverytidy.
她已经打扫过办公室了，所以很整洁。（强调结果）
Shehadbeencleaningtheoffice,sowehadtowaitoutside.
她一直在打扫办公室，所以我们不得不在外面等着。（强调动作一直在进行）

高三英语Zoology

一位优秀的教师不打无准备之仗，会提前做好准备，高中教师要准备好教案，这是高中教师需要精心准备的。教案可以让学生更容易听懂所讲的内容，有效的提高课堂的教学效率。那么怎么才能写出优秀的高中教案呢？下面是小编精心为您整理的“高三英语Zoology”，欢迎阅读，希望您能阅读并收藏。

Unit14Zoology

整体感知

单元要点

Wordstudy

1.bee2.transparent3.dot

4.surrounding5.troop6.assumption7.beyond8.semicicle9.apparent10.sideways11.astonishing

12.maximum13.precise14.adequate15.clarify16.upward17.disgusting

18.psychology19.changeable20.adaptation21.stripe

22.zebra23.camel

24.primitive

25.missile26.walnut

27.session

1.蜜蜂2.透明的

3.小圆点4.周围附近的5.群，(pl)部队6.假设

7.远于，超出8.半圆形

9.明显的10.斜着

11.惊人的12.最大13.精确

14.足够的15.澄清16.向上的17.讨厌的18.心理学

19.易变20.适应21.条纹

22.斑马23.骆驼24.原始的

25.导弹26.胡桃

27.一段时间，学年

Useful

expressions

1.getholdof

2.tell…apart

3.overandoveragain

4.cometolight

5.asamatterof

1.抓住

2.分辨，区别

3.一再，反复

4.显露，为人所知

5.事实上，说真的

Sentence

Patterns

Communicative

English

Debating(辩论)

1.Openingstatement

lBackgroundinformation

lTopic

lOpinion:Wethinkthat…because…and…

2.Firstargument

lExplainandsupportthefirstreason

3.Sencondargument

lExplainandsupportthesecondreason

4.Questions

lAsktheotherteamquestions

5.Closingstatement

lSummarizeyourargument

lRestateyouropinion

Grammer

复习情态动词表推测的用法：(mustcancouldmaymight)

1.Whenyouareverysureofsomething,youusemustinpositivesentencesandcannotorcouldn’tinnegativesentences.

2.Whenyouarequitesureaboutsomething,youusecan.

3.Whenyouthinkthatsomethingispossible,butyouarenotverysure,youusecould,mayormight.

Topics

Writing

1.Talkaboutpreparefortests:

①.Planahead②.Keeptrack

③.Besmart④.Useyourbrainpower

2.Writingashortessayinwhichyoustateandsupportyouropinion.

背景知识

DoAnimalsCommunicate?
Whenwethinkofcommunication,wenormallythinkofusingwords-talkingface-to-face,writingmessagesandsoon.Butinfactwecommunicatefarmoreinotherways.Oureyesandfacialexpressionsusuallytellthetruthevenwhenourwordsdonot.Thentherearegestures,oftenunconscious:raisingtheeyebrows,rubbingthenose,shruggingtheshoulders,tappingthefingers,noddingandshakingthehead.Thereisalsotheevenmoresubtle"body-language"language“ofposture:areyousitting-orstanding-witharmsorlegscrossed?Isthatpersonstandingwithhandsinpockets,heldinfrontofthebodyorhiddenbehind?Eventhewaywedressandthecolureswewearcommunicatethingstoothers.So,doanimalscommunicate?Notinwords,althoughaparrotmightbetrainedtorepeatwordsandphraseswhichitdoesn’tunderstand.But,aswehavelearnt,thereismoretocommunicationthanwords.Takedogsforexample.Theybaretheirteethtowarn,wagtheirtailstowelcomeandstandfirm,withhairerect,tochallenge.Thesesignalsaresurelytheequivalentofthehumanbodylanguageoffacialexpression,gestureandposture.
Colourcanbeanimportantmeansofcommunicationforanimals.Manybirdsandfishchangecolour,forexample,toattractpartnersduringthematingseason.Andmatingitselfiscommonlyprecededbyaspecialdanceinwhichbothpartnersparticipate.

细说教材

Warmingup

Asmallanimalthathelpsthepolicegetholdofthieves.

一种能帮助警察捉贼的动物。

getholdof…=take/catchholdof…意思是“抓住…”；“获得…”

e.g.Hetookholdoftheropeandpulled.

他抓住绳子用力拉。

Igotholdofthesackandliftedit.

我抓住包，把它举了起来。

Ineedtogetholdofsomemoneyquickly.

hold还用作动词，意为“握住”“拥有”“容纳”“使…保持…”“持…观点”等

e.g.Shewasholdingabook.她手里拿着一本书。

Theyheldtheirheadsup.他们头抬得高高的。

Sheholdsthatthegovernment’spolicyismistaken.

她认为政府的政策错了。

其常见短语搭配有：

holdaconversation/meeting进行交谈/开会

holdtheline=holdon别挂电话

hold…back阻止…

holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸

hold…off使…与…保持距离

hold…over使…延期

Ananimalthatisn’ttellingthetruth.

一种会撒谎的动物。

tellthetruth“说实话”的意思，tell的相关类似短语有：

tella/thelie=telllies撒谎

tellastory讲故事

ListeningYouaregoingtohearaninterviewwithawomanwhoworksinazoo.

你将听到对一位在动物园工作的妇女的采访报道。interview在这里是名词“采访”的意思，还有“面试”之意。

e.g.Thefilmstaragreedtogiveaninterviewafterthewedding.

这位影星同意在婚礼后接受采访。

She’sgotaninterviewforanewjob.

她参加了新工作的面试。

interview还有动词用法，是“采访”的意思,

要区别与cover的用法。interview可以用interviewsb.或interviewsth.

但cover不能用coversb.只能说coversth.

e.g.Areporterinterviewedtheprimeminister.

一位记者采访了首相。

She’sbeinginterviewedforthejob.

她正在接受求职面试。

Theysentagreatmanyreporterstocovertheconference.

cover除了“采访”的意思外还有“用……遮盖；覆盖”“占有…（面积）;掩饰”

“涉及…（内容）”等含义。请学习下面例句中cover一词的各种用法

e.g.Sincewatercoversmostoftheearth,Corsteauknewweshouldkeeptheseasclean.
由于水覆盖了地球的大部分，库斯托知道我们应该保持海洋清洁。

Hetriedtocover(up)hismistake.

他想掩盖他的错误。

Hesaidhecouldcoverthedistanceonfootintwohours.

他说这段路程两个小时能走完

Howmanypageshaveyoucovered?你读了多少页了？

Whatarethemainpointsyou’regoingtocoverinyourtalk?

你的报告主要涉及哪些内容。

Wehaveonlyjustcoveredourexpenses.

我们所收入的仅够开支而已。

cover作名词，作“盖子”、“封面”解。

e.g.Whenthewaterboils,takethecover.

当水开的时候,把盖子揭开.

Thebookneedsanewcover.

这书需要装个新封面.What’stheproblemwiththeanimalsatthezoo?

动物园里的动物有什么问题？

What’stheproblemwith…

=What’sthetroublewith…

=What’sthematterwith…

=Whatsyourproblem?

=Whatswrongwithyou?

都用来询问“…（你）怎么回事？”

SpeakingThetwoteamstaketurnsspeaking.

两只队伍轮流发言。

taketurnsdoingsth.“轮流干…”，turn是名词。

为便于学习,现就turn的用法归纳如下:
I.turn(n.)顺序,轮流
1.Itsonesturntodosth.轮到某人做某事
Itsyourturntomakeadecision.

该你来做出决定了。

2.takeonesturntodosth.=dosth.inturn=dosth.byturns轮流做某事
Thenursesattendedthepatientinturn/byturns.

=Thenursestookturnstoattendthepatient.

护士们轮流照顾病人。
II.turn(vi.)转动,转向,翻转
turnright/left=turntotheright/left
turntosth./sb.(forhelp)
turntopage84
III.turn(link-v.)变得……
turngreen/yellow变绿/黄了
Tenyearslater，heturnedteacher.
A./B.aC.anD.the
注:此题考查turn作连系动词的特殊用法,即turn作连系动词时后接表语名词，省略冠词.所以此题的答案为A.如果turn后加into则须在名词前加冠词a.
IV.固定词组:
1.turnagainst背叛
Nobodywillturnagainsthiscountry.
2.turndown关小/拒绝
Heturneddownmysuggestionwithouthesitation.
Pleaseturndownthegas.
3.turnfromsidetoside把身体转来转去
Thenaughtyboyturnedfromsidetosidewhileansweringquestionsinclass.
4.turnin上交
Thechildpickedupapurseonthewayandturneditintothepoliceman.
5.turn...into...(使……)成为……
Thefarmersareturningwastelandintoricefields.
6.turnoff关(水源、煤气、电灯等)/避开(问题等)
Turnoffthelightwhenyouleavetheroom.
7.turnon打开(水、煤气、电灯、无线电等)/对……发怒
turnontheradio
turnthegunonsb.
8.turnout结果是/证明是/生产出
Theweatheryesterdayturnedout(tobe)fine.
Thefactoryturnedoutmoreproductsthantheyhadexpected.
9.turnover(使)打翻/翻身/翻动/翻耕(土地)/转危为安
Themanturnedoverandwenttosleepagainwhenthetelephonerang.
10.turnup开大/出现/找到/证明是(=turnouttobe)
Themeetingisbeginning，buthehasnotturnedup.Hemighthavebeenlost.

Whenalltheteamsareready,theteacherwillstartandtimethedebate.

当所有队伍都准备好以后,老师就开始为辩论计时.

time　是动词，＂计时＂的意思，还有“安排好时间,使合拍子;安排……的速度＂

e.g.Howlongcanyouholdyourbreathunderwater?TakeadeepbreathandI’lltimeyou.
你在水下能潜多久呢？深呼吸一下，我给你计时。

Hetimedhisjourneysothathecouldarriveatthehotelbeforedark.
他安排好了他的旅程，以便能在天黑以前到达旅馆。

Hetriedtotimehisstepstothemusic.

他尽力与音乐合节拍。

Reading　Amongthedifferenttypesofbee,itisthehoneybeethathasmostinterestedscientistsbecauseofthe“language”theyusetocommunicatewitheachother.在不同种类的蜂中，最使科学家感兴趣的是蜜蜂，因为蜜蜂能用“语言”，来相互交际。

…itisthehoneybeethathasmostinterestedscientists…是一个由it引导的强调句，被强调的部分是thehoneybee。如果不加以强调，则全句是：

…thehoneybeehasmostinterestedscientists…

Thedevelopmentofthe　modernbeehivein1851madeitpossibletodesignexperimentstoresearchthelanguageofhoneybees.1851年新式蜂箱的研制，使设计实验研究蜜蜂的语言成为可能。

本句是一个简单句：Thedevelopment…madeitpossibletodesignexperiments…其中的it是形式宾语，它所代替的真正宾语是后面的不定式短语todesignexperiments。it作形式宾语的句型是：

主语+及物动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式

e.g.IfounditimportanttolearnspokenEnglish.

我发现学习英语口语很重要。

Ithinkithardtomasteraforeignlanguage.

我认为掌握一门外语是很难的。

Shefeelsitherdutytosupportherfamily.

她感到养家糊口是她的责任。

Thestormmadeitimpossibleforthemtomarchtothecity.

暴风雨使他们不可能向城市进军。

ProfessorKarlvonFrisch,ascientistfromAustria,spentmanyyearsofhisliferesearchingtheamazingwayshoney-beescommunicateintheirdarkhives.

奥地利科学家卡尔·冯·弗里希教授，一生中花去了许多岁月，研究蜜蜂在黑暗的蜂箱里是以怎样巧妙的方式传递信息的。

amaze　vt.使惊愕；使大为惊讶：

e.g.Heamazedeveryonebypassinghisdrivingtest.

令人惊讶的是他竟通过了驾驶考试。

amazing“令人惊异的”；在西方人的口中，表示惊讶，经常可以听到amazing这个词。如果有些事情发生得出乎意料，难以置信，也可以用amazing来形容。

e.g.You’reamazing.你真了不起。

Itwasamazingthattheboywasabletosolvetheproblemsoquickly.
那男孩能这样快地解完这道题,真是令人惊奇。

有些漂亮或另类的东西，总能吸引许多眼球，就可以说是amazingthings.

e.g.Iamalwayslookingfornewandamazingitems.
　我总是在寻找让我眼前一亮的新东西。

amazed使（某人）感到惊奇，常用beamazedat/by感到惊奇。

e.g.Hewasamazedatallthecolours,andallthebeautifulfish.
　他对五颜绿色和各种美丽的鱼感到惊奇。
WeareamazedatthechangesinBeijing.Ican’tevenfindwheremyoldhouseis.
　北京的变化使我们感到惊奇。我几乎找不到旧房子了。

＂．．．honey-beescommunicateintheirdarkhives.＂是定语从句，其先行词

是＂ways＂，＂way＂后省略了引导词“that”,也可用“inwhich”，也可以省略引导词．

e.g.SomeEnglishwordsarenotspeltthewaysthattheysound.

=SomeEnglishwordsarenotspeltthewaysinwhichtheysound.

=SomeEnglishwordsarenotspeltthewaystheysound.

一些英语单词不是像他们发音那样去拼写．Hebuiltatransparentwall,throughwhichhecouldobservewhatwentoninside.

他安装了透明的箱体，透过它，可以直接观察箱内发生的事情．

“throughwhichhecouldobservewhatwentoninside”是定语从句，来修饰先行词，引导词是介词through加which构成．

在定语从句用法中介词+关系词是一个重点，介词后面的关系词不能省略，但是介词的后面不用that．

e.g.ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.

某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。

e.g.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?
＝Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?

注意：一些含有介词的动词短语中，其介词不能前置到引导词前．

　e.g.Thechildrenwhomthenurseslookafterareweryhealthy.Inordertotellthebeesapart,hepaintedsomebeeswithlittledotsofcolour.

为了把蜜蜂区分开，他在一些蜜蜂身上涂上色斑．

tellapart辨别；识别

＝distinguish…between…

=tell…from…;

=tellthedifferencebetween…and…

e.g.Somepeoplecanttellbluefromgreen.

在些人分辨不出蓝色与绿色。

Mostnewcarslooksosimilarthatitsimpossibletotellthemapart．

许多新汽车看上去象是一样的，不大可能把它们区别开来。

IconfusedJimwithMikebecauseIcanttellthemapart．

我把吉姆和麦克混淆了，因为我分不清他们。

Thetwobrothersaresomuchalikethattheirmothercanhardlytellthemapart．

这兄弟俩长得太相象了，连他们的母亲都难以辨别。Theytroopedbehindthefirstdancer,copyingitsmovement.

它们成群结队地跟在第一只跳舞的蜜蜂后面，模仿它的动作。

课文中troop作动词用，意思是"结队而行"、"成群涌向"

(comeorgotogetherinagroup)。用在句中时，句子的主语总是复数。
　e.g.Thechildrentroopedintothepark.

孩子们列队走进公园。
　Thegamewasoverandtheplayerstroopedhome.

比赛结束了，运动员整队回家。

Troop还有名词用法，作"一队"、"一群"解。
　e.g.atroopofvisitors(一群参观者)。
　它的复数形式(troops)作"军队"解。
　e.g.Wemusthaveourowntroops.

我们必须有自己的军队。

copy原作"抄写"、"复写"解。
　e.g.Heisbusycopyinghiscomposition.

他正忙着抄写他的作文。
　本句中的copy引伸作"模仿"、"仿效"解。
　e.g.Pleasecopymyactions.(＝PleaseactasIdo.)

请照我这样做。
　"Goodmorning,"shesaid,copyinghermothersvoice.

"早上好"，她模仿着妈妈的声音说。

Youshouldcopyhisstrongpoints,nothisweakpoints.

你应当学他的长处，而不是他的短处。VonFrischassumedthatthedanceconveyedmoreinformation.
冯·弗里希想弄清这种舞蹈能不能说明喂食处有多远.

assume的用法
assumevt.表示“假设，主观认为，假定；装出…样子；开始担任，承担…

e.g.Weassumedthatyouunderstoodthesituation.

我们认为，你了解形势。

Heassumedawell-informedmannerbutinfactheknowsverylittle.

他装出一副见多识广的样子，而实际上他知之甚少。
assumesomethingtobe猜想某事如何

assumeignorance/aninjuredair

假装不知道，装出冤屈的样子

assume和given,suppose,supposing等词一样都可以引导状语.作用相当于if.

e.g.Supposingyourfathersawyouknow,whatwouldyousay?
=ifyourfathersaw……

Assumingthattheweatherisfavourable,Farmerswillhaveabumperharvest.
假如风调雨顺，今年农民将获丰收。

assumed假装的，假的；假定的，设想的：

e.g.anassumedcheerfulness伪装的高兴，

anassumedresult假定的结果，

Hislookofastonishmentwasassumed.他那惊讶的样子是装出来的。
assuming自负的，傲慢的，过分自信的：

e.g.Heistooassuminginthisattitudeabouttheenergysupply.

他在对待能源问题的态度上实在显得过于自信。
assumption假定，异端；自负，傲慢；假装

e.g.Wearegoingontheassumptionthattheworkwillbefinishedtomorrow.
我们在根据明天可以完工这一假定办事。

Iwasundertheassumptionthatyouwerecomingtomorrow.
我原以为你明天来。

assumptive被视为理所当然的，自负的，傲慢的：

e.g.assumptivebeliefs被视为理所当然的种种信仰，

assumptivepeople自命不凡的人

Onewasclosetothehive.Theotherwasmuchfartheraway,beyondsometrees.
一个靠近蜂箱,另一个远离蜂箱,几棵大树之外.

beyond一词是高中英语的必备词汇，其用法和含义较为复杂，很容易产生理解上的障碍，造成翻译上的失误。本文拟对beyond的一些用法浅析如下：

一、beyond作介词用时，使用最广，常用于下列几种情况：

1.表示位置，意思是“在……的那一边；在……之外；在更远处”。例如：

e.g.Beyondtheriverstoodapowerstation．

过了这条河就是一个发电站。

2.表示时间，其意为“迟于；超过”。例如：

e.g.Someshopskeepopenbeyondmidnight?有些商店营业到半夜以后。

3.表范围、水平、限度、能力等，意思是“超出；多于；为……所不能及”在句中常作

①作表语

e.g.Yourworkisbeyondallpraise．

你的作品叫人赞扬不尽。

②作定语
e.g.Theseweremattersbeyondhisunderstandingasyet．

这些事情他那时候还不了解。

③作状语

e.g.Wesucceededbeyondourhopes．

我们获得如此之成功，是我们始料所不及的。

4.用在否定和疑问句中，意思是“除……之外”。

e.g.Iknownothingbeyondwhathetoldme．

除了他告诉我的以外，别的我都不知道。

Isthereanythingmoreyoucansaybeyondthat？

除了那点之外，你还能说些什么吗？

5.beyond有时还可表示年龄或数量，意思是“超过”。

e.g.Hedidntbelieveinpeoplelivingbeyond100．

他不相信人能活到100岁以上。

二、beyond也常作副词用，主要有下面两种用法：

1.指时空或正在进行中的活动，意思是“在远处；向远处；更远处”。

e.g.Ifwecrossthemountainswemayfindpeoplelivinginthevalleybeyond．

如果我们翻过这些大山，我们就可以发现在远处山谷中生活的人们。

Illgowithyoutothebridge，butnotastepbeyond．

我愿意同你一道走到桥头，但再远的地方一步也不愿意去。

2.表示外加，意思是“此外；以外”。例如：

e.g.Hetoldmenothingbeyond．

此外他没告诉我什么。Hemarkedallthebeesthatcametothenearbyfeedingplaceblue,andallthebeesthatwenttothefarawayplaceweremarkedred.

他给所有来到近的喂食处的蜜蜂标上蓝色，给飞到远的喂食处的蜜蜂标上红色。

faraway(远方的)是由far＋away构成的合成形容词。nearby(附近的)是由near＋by构成的合成形容词。它们在句中都作定语。

afarawayforest(远处的森林)，farawaytimes(遥远的时代)；

anearbyhotel(附近的一家旅店)，nearbyhills(附近的小山)。
注意：faraway在作定语时通常都连写，作表语或作状语时则分写(faraway)。如：
e.g.Thehouseisnotfaraway.那座房子并不远。
Helivesfarawayfromtheschool.他住得离学校很远。
nearby既可作定语，又可作状语；既可以连写(nearby)，也可以分写(nearby)，还可以加连字符(near-by)。

e.g.Isawhergoingtoanear-bypost-boxbeforelunch.
我看到她午饭前去附近的信箱投信。

Theylivenearby----lessthanakilometer.

他们住在附近，不到一公里。
Hegaveuphisseattotheoldmanstandingnearby.

他把座位让给站在附近的老人了。

Theydiscoveredthatthefartherawaythefeedingstationwas,theslowerthedancewas.他们发现，喂食处越远，舞蹈动作的速度就越慢。

"the+比较级……，the+比较级……"的意思是："越……，就越……"

这种结构用来表示两从此过程按比例同时递增。前一句为从句，后一句为主句。
这种结构常以省略形式出现，句式精炼简短，表意有力。例如：

e.g.Thesooner,thebetter.越快越好。　

Themore,thebetter.越多越好。

Themore,themerrier.人越多，越好玩。

Themorehegiveshischildren,themoretheywant.

给孩子越多，他们要的越多．

Thehigherwestand,thefartherwesee.

站的越高，看的越远

Themoreheexplains,themoreIampuzzled.

他越解释，我越迷惑．

Soanotherastonishingfactcametolight.于是又发现一个令人惊讶的情况。　

cometolight作"发现"、"暴露"(tobediscovered/exposed)解。
e.g.NewfactsabouttheancientEgypthaverecentlycometolight.
有关古埃及的史实，最近已有新发现。

Shewasverypleasedwhenthelong-lostringcametolight.

当很久前丢失的戒指被找到时，她高兴万分．

Thesecretdidn’tcometolightuntiltheoldmandied.

直到老人死后，秘密才被揭露．Integratingskills

Apesusesightmorethansmell.猿不仅用嗅觉,而且使用视觉.

morethan用法小结1.morethan后面跟名词，意为“不只是，不仅仅是”。

e.g.Hibernationismorethansleep.

冬眠不只是睡觉。

Katewasmorethanateacher.Shealsodidwhatshecouldtotakecareofherpupils.

凯特不仅仅是位教师，她还尽其所能照顾她的学生。

2.morethan与数词连用，意思是“多于，大于，超过”。

e.g.Ihaveknownhimformorethantwentyyears.

我认识他已超过二十年了。

Morethantenpolicementurnedupatthespotwheretheaccidenthappened.

十多位警察出现在出事地点。

3.morethan与形容词和分词连用，表示“非常、十分”。

e.g.Theyweremorethanhappytoseeuscomebackfromtheexpedition.

看到我们远征而归，他们异常高兴。

Iwasmorethansurprisedtoseethelionstandingatthebody.

看到那头狮子站在尸体旁边，我非常惊讶。

4.morethan与动词连用，对动词起着加强语气的作用。

e.g.Repeatedadvertisingwillmorethanincreaseproductsales.

多次做广告意味着增加产品的销售。

HisprogressinEnglishlearningmorethanencouragedhimtolearnthesubjectwell.在英语学习方面的进步激励他学好这门课程。

5.morethan和含有情态动词的句子连用，有否定意义，表示“是……难以……”或“超过了……所能”之义。

e.g.ThebeautyofthemountainouscountryismorethanIcandescribe.

我难以描述那个山村的美丽。

ThisproblemismorethanachildlikeJackcansettle.

这一问题超出了像杰克这样的小孩的解决能力。

6.nomorethan意思是“仅仅，不过，只是”。

e.g.Allhiseducationaddeduptonomorethanoneyear.

他接受的所有的学校教育只有一年。

Theirnewflathasnomorethan60squaremetres.

他们的新居只有60平方米。

7.notmorethan表示“至多，不超过”

e.g.Lyingonthegroundwasapeasantboyofnotmorethanseventeen.

躺在地上的那个农家男孩最多十七岁。Whiletheirsocietiesaredifferent,theyallcommunicateandbehaveinadvancedways.

虽然它们生活的社会环境不同,它们却都以高级方式交流.

while连词,意为"尽管;虽然";其用法大致有以下四种用法:
1.引导时间状语从句,意为"当……的时候;和……同时",此时的主从句谓语动作同时发生,从句谓语通常是延续性动词。

e.g.MarywatchedTVwhilesheatehersupper.

玛丽边吃饭边看电视。
Whileshewaslisteningtotheradio,shefellasleep.

她听着收音机睡着了。

while引导从句时,如主从句的主语一致,且从句谓语又含有be,则从句主语和be可省略。while后可直接跟现在分词、名词、形容词或介词短语。

e.g.Weareteacherswhile(weare)servingasstudents.

我们边当老师边当学生。
While(hewas)yetayouth,hegainedmanyprizes.

他年轻时就曾多次获奖。
Hecaughtacoldwhile(hewas)onvacation.

他度假时患了感冒。

2.表示对比或转折,意为"而;然而"。此时,while一般位于句中。

e.g.Somepeoplewastefoodwhileothershaventenough.

有些人浪费粮食,然而有些人却吃不饱。
Youlikesports,whileIprefermusic.

你喜欢体育,而我更喜欢音乐。

3.表示让步,通常位于句首,意为"尽管;虽然"。

e.g.WhileIagreewithyourreasons,Icantallowit.

尽管我同意你的理由,但我不能允许这样做。
Whileheloveshisstudents,heisverystrictwiththem.

虽然他爱他的学生,可是他对学生们很严格。
While(hewas)respected,heisnotliked.

他虽受人尊敬,但并不被人喜欢。

4.表示条件,意为"只要",其意思和用法相当于aslongas。while可位于句首,也可位于句中。

e.g.Youdonthavetoworrywhilewearehere.

只要我们在,你就别着急。

Therewillbelifewhilethereiswaterandair.

只要有空气和水,就有生命。
Whilethereislife,thereishope.

留得生命在,不怕没希望。

5.意为"同时;也"。如:
e.g.Whilethebookiswelcomedbyscholars,itwillmakeanimmediate

appealtothegeneralreaders.

这本书受到学者的欢迎,同时也会引起一般读者的兴趣。

6.意为"趁着"。

e.g.Makehaywhilethesunshines.

晒草要趁阳光好。(谚)
Strikewhiletheironishot.

趁热打铁。(谚)
Whiletherosesareyetinbloom,willyoucomewithmetoseethem?

趁着玫瑰花还开着,你和我一道去看看好吗?Sometimestheywarneachotherofdanger,andtheyalsocommunicatesimplytokeepintouch.

于是它们互相提醒危险,它们交流仅仅是为了保持联系.

warnsb.ofsth．“警告某人某事”，不能说warnsbssth．。

e.g.Wewarnedhimofthedangerousbridge，buthedidntbelieve．

我们警告他那座桥危险，但是他不相信。

类似这样的结构用法的动词还有:

一.表示“通知(inform)；警告(warn)；指责(accuse)；使想起(remind)”等意思的一些动词。
在这一结构中，of的意思相当于about。

e.g.OnthewayhomemyfathertoldmeofanaccidentthattookplaceonhisfirstdayatschoolinMr.Crossettsclass．

在回家的路上,父亲给我讲了他第一天上学时在克罗塞特先生课上的一件事。

Weshallinformyouofthedateofthedelegationsarrival．

我们将把代表团到达的日期通知你。
TheteacheraccusedJimofcheatingintheexamination．

老师责备吉姆考试作弊。
Herfaceremindedmeofhermother．

她的模样使我想起了她的母亲。
HowcanIpersuadehimofherinnocence？

我怎样使他相信她是清白无辜的？

二、表示“抢夺(rob)；剥夺；解除(cure,heal)；免除(rid)”等意思的动词。

e.g.Paralysisrobbedhimofhisabilitytodophysicallabor．

瘫痪使他丧失了劳动力。
Thedoctorusedspecialmedicinestocurehimofthemeasles．

医生使用特效药治愈了他的麻疹。
Themedicinehealedmeofmybadcold．

这药治愈了我的重感冒。
Itisnoteasytoridoneselfofabadhabit．

改掉一个人的坏习惯是不容易的。

Heclearedthepavementofwitheredleaves．

他清除了人行道上的落叶。

Theystrippedthewriterofhisrighttopublishhisbooks．

他们剥夺了这位作家出版作品的权利。
Sherusheduptorelievemeofmysuitcase．

她跑过来接过我手中的衣箱。
Ourarmydisarmedtheenemyofhisweapon．

我军缴械了敌人的武器。

类似的动词还有：abridge（剥夺），purge（洗清），disabuse（去掉），despoil（抢劫），divert（脱去），deprive（剥夺）等。
三、表示“骗取(fool)”、“诈骗(cheat)”等意思的一些动词。
在这一结构里，通常在of前加上out，outof表示“丧失”，但out可以省略不用。
e.g.Howcanyoufoolthelittlegirl（out）ofhermoney？

你怎么能诈骗那个小女孩的钱财呢？
Thebeggarcheatedthelittleboy（out）ofhiscandy．

那乞丐骗取了那个小男孩的糖。

simply的意思和用法

（1）simply是副词，在对话中意为“really(真正)”、“very(much)（非常）”。

e.g.Thefilmissimplywonderful.这影片真是太美妙了。

Shelookssimplylovely.她看起来的确可爱。

Hispronunciationissimplyterrible.他的发音简直差透了。

Theyhadsimplynoshame.他们简直不知羞耻。

（2）simply亦可解释为“朴素地”、“朴实地”、“无装饰地”。

e.g.Heissimplydressed.他衣着朴素。

（3）simply还可作“仅仅，只不过”解，相当于only。

e.g.Itissimplyaquestionoftime.这只不过是个时间问题。

Youmustbelievemesimplyonmyword.你必须完全照我的话相信我。

Itissimplyamatterofworkinghard.此事只是努力去做的问题。

（4）还可解释为“简单地”、“简明地”。

e.g.Thecakeismadequitesimply.这糕做起来很简单。

Theteacherexplainedthetextquitesimply.老师简单地解释了一下课文。

Whatmaybeofgreaterimportanceistoobservehowprimatesliveintheworld.

比较重要的事情是观察灵长目动物是怎样生活的．

这个句子涉及到“of+抽象名词”相当于该名词相应的形容词。不过，这种结构常用于较正式的场合，书面语中尤为常见。再看下面几个句子：

e.g.Thisbookwillbeofgreatvaluetohiminhisstudents.(=Beveryvaluable)

Thebookisofmuchinterest.(=Beveryinteresting)

常用于这一结构的修饰语还有：great，little,some,any,no,not,much等

常见的抽象名词有importance,value,use,help,benefit(利益、好处)，significance(意义、重要性)。最后需要提及的是，“beof+名词”结构的否定形式一般采用否定名词的做法：

“beofno+名词”。

e.g.Heisofnocolour,forhehasbeenillfortwoweeks.

他毫无血色，因为他患疾两周了。

AsfarasthestudyofEnglishwasconcerned,whathesaidwasofnopoint.

就学习英语而言，他所讲的并未切中要害。

“beof+名词”还可以表达以下几种意义：

1、表示“具有，具备”

　e.g.Herstoryisofsomecoloursofthetruth.

她的故事有点真实感

　Thepartys12thcongressisofepochmakingsignificance.

党的十二大具有划时代的意义。

2、表示“属于”

　e.g.Theproductsareoffirst-ratequality.

这些产品的质量是属于第一流的。

3、表示“包含”、“包括”、“类别”等

e.g.TheAmericansareofalmostallcoluresandraces.

美国人几乎包括各种各样的肤色及种族。

Hiswholelifewasofbestglory.她的一生是非常光荣的。

4.这种结构还可表示“年龄”.“出身”“等级”等

Weareofthesameage.我们年龄相同。

Hewasofnoblebirthandhighrank.他出身于高贵门庭。Grammar

情态动词表推测

一、对目前的行动或状况的推测（情态动词+do）

（1）、在肯定句中，表示很有把握的推测时用must，而不太有把握时则用may,might或could,三者依次could的语气最弱。

　e.g.Youmustbeverytired.你一定很累。

　（=Iamsurethatyouareverytired.）(很有把握)

　Youmay/might/couldbeverytired.你可能很累吧！

　(=Perhaps/Maybeyouareverytired.)（不太有把握）

（2）、在否定句中，cant则表示“不可能”，语气最强，而相应地maynot,mightnot语气弱些，表示“可能不”。

e.g.Hecantbeathome.他不可能在家。（很有把握）

Hemaynot/mightnotbeathome.他可能不在家。（不太有把握）

（3）、疑问句中，通常用can表推测。

e.g.　—Someoneisknockingatthedoor.

　—Whocanitbe?可能是谁呢？

Wherecanhebenow?他现在有可能在哪呢？

　二、对过去的动作或状况的推断常用“情态动词+havedone”。语气强弱与以上三点相同，可依次类推。但表示“过去不可能”时，除了可用canthavedone之外还可用couldnthavedone。

e.g.HemusthavegonetoWuhan.（肯定已经去了）

Hemay/might/couldhavegonetoWuhan.（可能已去了）

Hecannot/couldnothavegonetoWuhan.（不可能已去了）

CanhehavegonetoWuhan?（可能去了吗？）

can(could)/may(might)/must/will等+have+done用来对过去发生的情况做出语气强

弱不同的推测。具体使用时请注意以下几点：
　①can一般用于疑问句和否定句,极少用于肯定句。
　e.g.---Canshehavegonetoschool?
---No,shecanthavegonetoschool.Isawherjustnow.
　②may表推测，一般不用于疑问句；疑问句中该用can,could或might。
　e.g.Howcouldhehaveforgottensuchanimportantthing?（不用may）
　Mightyouhavemethimsomewhere?（不用may）
　③could,may,might用于肯定句语气较弱，must用于肯定句语气很强;may,

might用于否定句语气较弱，can,could用于否定句语气很强。
e.g.Hecould/may/mighthavegonetoschool.他可能上学去了。
　Hemusthavegonetoschool.他肯定是上学去了。
　Hemay/mightnothavegonetoschool.他也许没去上学。
Hecant/couldnthavegonetoschool.他肯定没去上学。
　④must表推测，一般不用于否定句；否定句中该用can或could。
误：Wemustnthavemetbefore.
正：Wecanthavemetbefore.
neednt+have+done可用来表示“已做了多余的事”。
　e.g.Thereisnoschooltoday.Youneednthavecome.
　could+have+done可用来表示没做某事的“遗憾”。
e.g.Shecamehereonfoot,butshecouldhavecomebybus.
　could/might+have+done也可用来表示委婉的批评。
e.g.Youcouldhavecome5minutesearlier.
　Youmightatleasthavewrittenmealetter.
　在反意问句中，表推测的情态动词不出现在简短问句部分,取而代之的应是情态动

词。句中有过去时间状语的，问句部分用过去时，否则，用现在完成时。
e.g.Hemusthavebeenthereyesterday,wasnthe?
　Hemusthavebeenthere,hasnthe?
Hecanthavebeenthereyesterday,washe?
Hecanthavebeenthere,hashe?

　三、由上我们可以得出一个结论：表推测时，must只用在肯定句中，而can只用于否定句和疑问句中。而实际上can可用于肯定句中，但这常用于表可能性，意义有所不同，译为“有时候可能”。

　e.g.Oldnewspapercanbeuseful.

旧报纸有时候还是有用的。

　Itcangetquitecoldhereatnight.

晚上这里有时候会相当冷。习题对话

Languagepratice

1.Choosetheproperwordorphrasetotaketheplaceoftheunderlinedword(s)inthesentences.

①.glass=transparent②.think=assume③.makeclear=clarity

④.environment=surroundings⑤.obvious=apparent⑥.towardsone=sideways

⑦.distinguish=tell…apart…smallcircles=smalldots

⑧.got=obtainedenough=adequate

2.Usethewordsinthebracketstoanswerthequestion(refertotheReading)

3.Fillintheblankswiththepropermodalverbs.

Dialogue1:shall;must;needn’t;can;may;may/can;would;can’t;must

Dialogue2:could;can;may;must;may;would;can;may/might;would

考题档案

1.(NMET2004全国)Idontmindpickingupyourthingsfromthestore._______,thewalkwilldomegood.
A.SoonerorlaterB.BesidesC.IntimeD.Still

2.(NMET2004上海春)Iamsorryit’smypowertomakeafinaldecisionontheproject.A.overB.aboveC.offD.beyond

3.(NMET2004上海春)Ihavereadthematerialseveraltimesbutitdoesn’tmakeanytome.

A.meaningB.importanceC.senseD.significance

4.(NMET2004湖南)----Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.

----You______havemycomputerifyoudonttakecareofit.

A.shantB.mightnotC.needntD.shouldnt

5.(NMET2004天津)—WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?

—Ihadjustfinishedmyworkandtotakeashower.

A.hadstartedB.startedC.havestartedD.wasstarting

6.(NMET2004江苏)Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.

A.WhileB.SinceC.BeforeD.Unless

7.Amoderncityhasbeensetupinwasawastelandtenyearsago.

A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where

8.Thehousetentisexpensive.IvegotabouthalfthespaceIhadathomeandImpaying__here.

　A.asthreetimesmuchB.asmuchthreetimeC.muchasthreetimesD.threetimesasmuch

9.(NMET1995)ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,______infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.
　A.whomB.whereC.whichD.while

10.[NMET1998上海]Weadvertisedforpupilslastautumn,andgot________60.
A.morethanB.moreof　C.asmuchasD.somanyas

11.--Wouldyoulikeme________theradioabit?

--No,itsallright.Imusedto________withtheradio_________.

A．toturnup;work;onB．toturndown;working;off

C．turningup;working;offD．toturndown;working;on

12.--Whatsthematter?Youreallylookupset.

--___________.

--Well,betterlucknexttime.

A．Why,IalwayslookuptoyouB．Ifailedanimportanttest

C．IhaveabadcoldD．Me?Ineverlookdownuponanybody

13.Iremember_________thisusedtobeaverysmallvillage.

A．whenB．howC．whereD．what

14.Thecomputersmadebyourcompanysellbest,butseveralyearsagonoonecouldhave

imaginedtheroleinthemarketsthatthey________.

A．wereplayingB．weretoplayC．haveplayedD．played

15.--WhendidMissWangleavetheoffice?

--Sheleft________youturnedbacktowriteontheblackboard.

A．theminuteB．atimeC．untilD．unless

1.B　besides副词，＂况且＂

2.D3.Cmakesense是固定短语，是＂有意义＂的意思

3.4.A5.D

6.Awhile是＂虽然…但是…＂的意思　7.A

8.D　是对倍数表达法的考查倍数词一律放在＂as＂之前9.D

10.Amorethan是＂多余，超过＂的意思

11.D12.B13.A14.B15.A

一课一测

（检测自己的能力）

A级（基础训练）

第一部分单项填空1.Whichofthefollowingisright?

A.What’swrongwiththemachine?B.Whatisthetroublewiththemachine?

C.Whatisthematterwiththemachine?D.Alloftheabove.

2.Theboat______，throwingtheboyintothewater.

A.turnedoverB.turneddownC.turnedupD.turnedout

3.--Thedishisdelicious!
--Well,atleastits________theoneIcookedyesterday.
A.asbadasB.noworsethanC.aswellasD.notbetterthan

4.Words_____meaning,asweallknow.
A.convinceB.conveyC.contributeD.conquer

5.Youwillfindamapofgreat____inhelpingyoutogetroundLondon.?

A.priceB.costC.valueD.usefulness

6.ItoldSallyhowtogetthere,butperhapsI_______forher.
　A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitout
　C.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout

7.--Iamgoingtotheoffice.
　--______yourethere,canyougetmesomestamps?(NMET99)
　A.AsB.WhileC.BecauseD.If

8.Theengineoftheshipsuddenlyfailedandthencameabigstorm,whichthehelplessnessofthecrewatsea.

A．resultedfromB．addedtoC．turnedoutD．broughtabout

9._____bythebulletswhistlingby,thetimidfellowhidhisheadinthebush,_____.

A.Frightened;lefthisbodyexposingB.Frightening;andlefthisbodyexposed

C.Frightening;leavinghisbodyexposedD.Frightened;leavinghisbodyexposed

10.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn’tmatter____thatI’mtalkingto.

A.whoitisB.whoisitC.itiswhoD.itiswhom

B级（应用创新）

第一部分单项填空1._____thereisnolossofspeedovertheblades,wecancalculatetheoutletvelocityofthesteam.
A.AssumingthatB.SothatC.SuchthatD.Inorderthat

2.Iknowthisisnotquitetherightword,butIcan’tbebotheredtothinkof.

A．abetterB．abestC．thebetterD．thegood

3．Hespentseveralhoursinthewindandsnow,.

A．coldlyandhungrilyB．coldandhungry

C．beingcoldandhungryD．incoldandhunger

4．—Henrydoesn’tseemtobewhathewas.

—No.somuchinthewarhasmadehimmorethoughtful.

A．SeenB．HisseeingC．HavingseenD．Tohaveseen

5．Ifyoulendme500pounds,itwillmehavingtogotothebank.

A．saveB．shareC．serveD．help

6．It’sgoodthatwetotheparkbecauseithasshartedtorain.

A．don’tgoB．hadn’tgoneC．didn’tgoD．wasn’tgoing

7．I’veneverbeensopoorabletoaffordameal.

A．astobenotB．notastobeC．asnottobeD．astonotbe

8．IlikeduringtheSpringFestivalwheneveryonestayswithhisfamily.

A．thisB．thatC．oneD．it

9．Therearetenwaitingroomsatthenewly-builtstation,inall20,000people.

A．seatingB．seatedC．sittingD．toseat

10．Itistheprotectionfortreesreallymatters,howmanytreesareplanted.

A．what,besidesB．that,except

C．that,ratherthanD．what,otherthan

11．ItishightlydesirablethateveryefforttoreducethepollutioninBeijing.

A．ismadeB．wasmadeC．weremadeD．bemade

12．—Marylookshotanddry.

—Soyouifyouhadahighfever.

A．doB．areC．willD．would

13．Therewerealotofpeopleinthereadingroom,mostofwiththeirheadsbentdownovertheirbooks.

A．themB．whomC．thatD．which

14．Hisincometodayisdoubleitwasfiveyearsago.

A．thatB．whichC．whatD．as

15．Governmentreports,legalpapersandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituations

Englishisused.

A．whenB．thatC．howD．where

第二部分完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分,满分30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36---55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。Asoccerreferee(裁判)punishedforscoringagoalwhiletakingchargeofagamehasquitthejobafterbeingfoundguiltyofbringingthegameintoshamebytheEssexCountyFootballAssociation.TheEssexCountyFootballAssociationsaidthattheyweredisappointedbythe__1__ofSavill,whohittheheadlineslastyearwhenhissympathyforateamgettingbeaten1-18went__2__.“Itisaprettyrare__3__andhopefullyitwonthappenagain.”EssexCountyFAchiefexecutivePhilSammonssaid.

BrianSavillwastaking__4__ofaGreatBromleyCupgameintheSouthofEnglandbetweenEarlsColneandWimple.With10minutes__5__andWimplefallingbehind1-18,Savillfoundtheballathis__6__infrontoftheEarlsColnegoalandquickly_7__itintothenet,__8__signalingagoal.

Thelawsofthegamestatethattherefereeispartoftheplayingareaandthatthegame__9__iftheballstrikeshim.Thereisnolawstodifferentiatebetweena(an)__10__orintentionalcontact.Savills__11__goalmade__12__differencetotheresultasEarlsColnewentontowin20-2,buttheofficialswere__13__.TheEssexCountyFAfinallyfound47-year-oldSavillguiltyand__14__hisjobforsevenweeks.

Savill,arefereewith18years’experience,officiallyannouncedthathewould__15__thejobafterfindingoutaboutthedecision.“__16__haventgotasenseofhumor,”hetoldtheTimesnewspaper.“Itbrought__17__toeveryone’slives.Itshows__18__canbeenjoyableandthatwearenotHitlersrunningaroundblowing19allthetime.”However,headvisedotherrefereesagainstfollowinghis__20__.

1.A.decisionB.adviceC.commentsD.statement

2.A.wrongB.toofarC.crazyD.veryserious

3.A.caseB.sceneC.gameD.score

4.A.picturesB.sightsC.pityD.charge

5.A.goingB.remainingC.endingD.leaving

6.A.handB.feetC.backD.side

7.A.threwB.laidC.kickedD.hit

8.A.afterB.whileC.forD.before

9.A.continuesB.winsC.delaysD.ends

10.A.thankfulB.friendlyC.beautifulD.accidental

11.A.strangeB.wonderfulC.amazingD.helpful

12.A.littleB.muchC.doubtfulD.sensible

13.A.watchedB.pleasedC.impressedD.tricked

14.A.stoppedB.encouragedC.firedD.scolded

15.A.takeB.leaveC.improveD.refuse

16.A.WeB.HeC.ID.They

17.A.hateB.violenceC.enjoymentD.friendship

18.A.playingB.inspectingC.scoringD.refereeing

19.A.windB.whistlesC.hornsD.weapons

20.A.exampleB.humorC.recordD.lesson

第三部分阅读理解

A

Thetreesarrivedbypost,ahalf-openparcel.Theywerethinandstraight,ratherlikearrowsbutwithshinyleavesatoneendandmuddyrootsattheother.Terryandhisfathertookthemdownthegardenandplantedthemintheirpreparedplaces.Terryhadgreathopesofthemiddletree,nowsetintheholyspotwhereHenry,hiscat,runover,hadbeenlaidtorestayearbefore.Theninetreesmadeanavenuedownonesideofthegarden,wheretherewasalreadyafifteen-footstonewallbetweenthegardenandthebackyardsoftheJenkinsStreethouses.
“Whydowewantarowoftreesaswellasawall?”Terryaskedhisfather.

Hisfathersaid,“Forprivacy.Thesetreesgrowverythickly.”

Hisfather’sloveofprivacyoftenpuzzledTerry,whowasnotonetokeephimselftohimself,buthecouldseepartofthepointhere.ThehousesinJenkinsStreetwereonhigherground.HisfriendLeslielivedinnumbertwelve,andLesliehadonlytostandonaboxtoseerightoverthewall.

“Willthetreesgrowhigherthanthewall?”Terryaskedthen.

“Ohyes,twiceashighifnotmore.It’lltakeafewyearsbuttheyllgrow.”

Sotheyweregoingtohaveninetreesthirtyfeettall,tokeepthemfrombeingoverlooked.Terrywonderedwhythiswassodesirable.Hesaid,“Ourgardenisverypretty.Whycan’tweletthepeopleoverthewallseeit?Thatwouldn’tbeshowingoff,wouldit?”
“No,Idon’tthinkitwouldbe,”hisfathersaid.“Yetsomepeoplemightfeelabitlesshappyiftheycanalwaysseeagoodthingthatisn’ttheirs.Wedon’twanttobethecauseofanyjealousyifwecanhelpit.”

Thisconsiderationforotherpeople’sfeelingsmustbeagrown-upthing.Terrythought.Itwasnothisideaofhowtorunthings.Hesaid,“Thesetrees—itseemsalotoftroubletogotojusttostoppeoplebeingjealousofus,”

Hisfatherlookedathim.“Itisn’tmuchtrouble,Terry,”hesaid.“Thesetreeswillgrowwithouthelpfromus.They’llbebeautiful.Andlistentothem.Youcanalreadyhearthemwhisperingtousinthewind.”

1.HowdoweknowthatTerry’sfatherwasexpectingthetrees?
A.Hethoughttheywouldgrowtallandthick.
B.Heexpectedthembecausetheyarrivedbypost.
C.HeandTerryhaddugholesforthem.
D.Theparcelwashalfopen,sohecouldseetheyweretrees.
2.Partofthegardeniscalledaholyspotbecause.
A.HenryhadbeenrunoverjustthereB.acatwasburiedthere
C.Terrythoughtitwasholy.D.itwasrightinfrontofLeslie’shouse
3.WeknowfromthepassagethatTerry’sfatherisamanwho.
A.wasproudofhisgardenandlikedshowingitoffB.didn’tquitelikehisneighbors
C.preferredtokeephisprivacyD.feltjealousofthepeopleinJenkinsStreet
4.Whywerethetreesplantedinfrontofthewall?
A.Becausethatwaswheretheywouldgrowfaster.B.Toimprovetheappearanceofthehouse.
C.TohidetheuglysightofJenkinsStreet.D.Tostoppeoplefromlookinginside.

5.AccordingtoTerry’sfather,thethingthatmighthavemadetheneighborsfeellesshappy
was________.

A.thewallB.thethrivingrowoftreesC.thewell-keptgardenD.theprivacyoftheplace

B

Inthe1960s,medicalresearchersThomasHolmesandRichardRahedevelopedachecklistofstressfulevents.Theyappreciatedthetrickypointthatanymajorchangecanbestressful.Badeventslike"seriousillnessofafamilymember"werehighonthelist,butsoweresomehelpfullifechangingeventslikemarriage.

WhenyoutaketheHolmesRahetestyoumustrememberthatthescoredoesnotshowhowyoudealwithstress—itonlyshowshowmuchyouhavetodealwith.Andwenowknowthatthewayyoudealwiththeseeventsdramatically（戏剧性地）affectsyourchancesofstayinghealthy.Bytheearly1970s,hundredsofsimilarstudieshadfollowedHolmesandRahe.AndmillionsofAmericanswhoworkandliveunderstressworriedoverthereports.Somehowtheresearchgotboileddowntoamemorablemessage.Women’smagazinesrantitleslike"Stresscausesillness".

Ifyouwanttostayphysicallyandmentallyhealthythearticlessaidavoidstressfulevents.Butsuchsimplisticadviceisimpossibletofollow.Evenifstressfuleventsaredangerous,many—likethedeathofalovedone—areimpossibletoavoid.Moreover,anywarningtoavoidallstressfuleventsisaprescription（处方）forstayingawayfromchancesaswellastrouble.Sinceanychangecanbestressful,apersonwhowantedtobecompletelyfreeofstresswouldnevermarry,haveachild,takeanewjobormove.Theideathatallstressmakesyousickalsotakesnonoticeofalotofwhatweknowaboutpeople.Itsupposeswe’reallvulnerableandnotactiveinthefaceofthedifficultsituation.Butwhatabouthumanabilityandcreativity?Manycomethroughperiodsofstresswithmorephysicalandmentalstrengththantheyhadbefore.Wealsoknowthatalongtimewithoutchangeorchallengecanleadtoboredomandphysicalandmentalpressure.　

6.TheresultofHolmesRahe’smedicalresearchtellsus________.

A.thewayyoudealwithmajoreventsmaycausestress

B.whatshouldbedonetoavoidstress

C.whatkindofeventwouldcausestress

D.howtodealwithsuddenchangesinlife

7.Thestudiesonstressintheearly1970sledto________.

A.popularavoidanceofstressfuljobsB.greatfearoverthementaldisorder

C.acarefulresearchintostressrelatedillnessesD.widespreadworryaboutitsharmfuleffects

8.ThescoreoftheHolmesRahetestshows________.

A.howyoucandealwithlifechangingeventsB.howhelpfuleventscanchangeyourlife

C.howstressfulamajoreventcanbeD.howmuchpressureyouareunder

9.Whyis"suchsimplisticadvice"(Line1,Para.3)impossibletofollow?

A.Noonecanstayonthesamejobforlong

B.Noprescriptioniseffectiveinreducingstress?　

C.Peoplehavetogetmarriedsomeday　

D.Youcouldbemissingchancesaswell?

10.Accordingtothepassagepeoplewhohaveexperiencedupsanddownsmaybecome________.

A.nervouswhenfacedwithdifficultiesB.physicallyandmentallytired

C.moreabletodealwithdifficultiesD.coldtowardwhathappenstothem

第四部分短文改错

DearMumandDad:

Thisisaquicknotetellyouthatwehavearrived1:________

safelyandthatwearehavingarealwonderfultime.2:________

Theflightisverygoodandwearrivedatourhotel3:________

intimeforoureveningmeal.Theweatherhereis4:________

muchbetterthanathome.Sometimesitrainalittle5:________

atnight,andit’ssunnyduringtheday.Ifthe6:________

weatherisnicethenextweek，we’llgosailing.7:________

TodayIhavetowriteallmypostcards.Iwantitto8:________

arrivebeforewewillgetbackhomeonSunday.Were9:________

allwell,andlookingforwardtoseeyou.10:________

Hopeallswell.

Lotsoflove第五部分：书面表达

5月2日《蓉城日报》报道：某大型超市最近做出一项新的决定：为减少白色污染，超市将不再为购物的顾客提供免费的塑料袋。请你就此从以下几个方面发表自己的看法：

1．这一决定的利与弊

2．建议超市提供纸袋，顾客也可自带包装

3．要彻底解决白色污染的问题，需要首先提高人们对环保的认识

注意：1．词数：100左右；2．参考词汇：《蓉城日报》：RongchengDaily

参考答案

第一部分单项填空

1—5DABBC6—10CBBBA

第一部分单项填空

1—5AABBA6—10CCDAC11—15DDACD

第二部分完形填空

1—5ABADB6—10BCDAD11—15AACAB16—20DCDBA

第三部分阅读理解

1—5CBCDC6—10ADDBC

第四部分短文改错

1.note与tell之间加to2.real→really3.is→was4.√5.rain→rains

6.and→but7.去掉the8.it→them9.去掉will10.see→seeing

第五部分：写作

Onepossibleversion:

ItisreportedinRongchengDailythatabigsupermarkethasmadeanewdecisionthatinordertoreducewhitepollution,themarketwillnolongerprovideforthecustomersfreeplasticbags.Inmyopinion,thedecisionwillhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffects.Asisknown,peoplethrowawayusedplasticbagswherevertheywanttoandthewhitepollution,mainlycausedbyplastics,whichishardtobreakdown,isbecomingadangertopeople’slife.Thereisnodoubtthatthedecisionwilldogoodtotheenvironment.However,itwillbringinconveniencetothecustomers.It’slikelythatfewerpeoplewillchoosethissupermarketandthereforethesalesoftheshopwillbebadlyaffected.

Tosolvethisproblem,Ithinkthesupermarketcanprovidepaperbagsorthecustomersareencouragedtobringalongbagsoftheirown.ButwhatIwanttopointoutisthatstoppingprovidingplasticbagsisfarfrombeingthebestwaytoprotecttheearthfromwhitepollution.It’snotuntileveryoneunderstandstheimportanceofprotectingenvironmentthattheworldwillbereallyclean.

蜜

蜜蜂的语言

有很多种不同种类的蜂.有些是聚居在大家族里,象蜜蜂,把它们的窝筑在树上或岩石洞里.还有一些则把它们的窝筑在地下的洞里.也有一些根本就不住在一起的蜜蜂.在不同种类的蜂之中,蜜蜂吸引了很多科学家,因为他们用一种语言来互相传递信息.1851年,现代蜂房的研制使研究蜜蜂语言的实验成为可能.
卡尔·冯·弗里希教授,一个澳大利亚的科学家,多年研究在黑暗的蜂房里蜜蜂是怎样以很巧妙的方式传递信息的.冯·弗里希教授多年从事蜜蜂的研究工作,他对一再观察到的某些现象曾感到迷惑不解.当他把一小碟一小碟的蜜放在桌上时,蜜蜂不一会儿就来了.只要有一只蜜蜂发现了蜜,没多久便飞来许多蜜蜂.看来,一只(发现了食物的)蜜蜂能把食物的信息传递给蜂箱里的其他蜜蜂.这是怎样传递的呢?为了弄清情况,冯·弗里希制作了几个特殊的蜂箱,每个里面只有一蜂巢.蜂箱的一面装上玻璃,他可以透过玻璃观察蜜蜂在里面的活动情况.为了便于区别,他在一些蜜蜂的身上涂上颜色.
当一只带有标记的蜜蜂从喂食的桌上飞回蜂箱时,冯·弗里希就透过玻璃进行观察.使他惊异的是,这只蜜蜂在巢壁上跳起舞来.先向右转一圈,再向左转一圈.就这样一遍又一遍地来回转圈.但情况还不只此.这种舞蹈似乎使周围的蜜蜂也活跃起来了.它们成群地跟在这只蜜蜂后面,模仿它的动作.然后离开蜂箱飞到喂食处去了.这种圆圈舞好象是传递有关食物的信息.可是它还传递什么别的信息吗?
冯·弗里希想弄清这种舞蹈能不能说明喂食处有多远.因此,他安排了两个喂食处.

一个靠近蜂箱.另一个远离蜂箱.他给所有来附近喂食处的蜜蜂标上蓝色,给飞到远的喂食处的蜜蜂标上红色.当蜜蜂返回蜂箱时,冯·弗里希看到了一种奇妙的现象.所有到过近处喂食处的蜜蜂都跳着圆圈舞.所有到过远处喂食处的蜜蜂都跳着一种完全不同的舞--摆尾舞.跳舞的蜜蜂沿着直线飞,腹部左右摆动.然后它转半个圈,再沿直线飞,在另一边又转半个圈.它一遍又一遍地不断重复着这些"舞步".情况清楚了.圆圈舞的意思是食物在近处.摆尾舞的意思是食物在远处.

接下来,冯·弗里希和他的同事们在靠近蜂箱的地方设立了一个喂食处.接着他们把喂食处慢慢地往远处移动.他们回到蜂箱近旁时,便仔细观察摆尾舞.他们用跑表计算蜜蜂在一分钟内重复舞蹈的次数.他们发现喂食地点越远,舞就跳得越慢,舞蹈越慢,在一分钟内能够重复的次数就越少.于是又发现一个令人惊讶的情况.每分钟摆尾舞的次数说明到喂食地点的距离.他们也发现蜜蜂在它们的蜂房和喂食处所飞的最大距离是3.2公里.

其次,冯·弗里希和他的同事们要知道的是蜜蜂们是否能够告诉其它伙伴确切的食物位置.例如,蜜蜂能否交流具体的方向,像东西南北,东南和西南等.

当蜜蜂发现一个喂食处的时候,它们能够从蜂箱直接飞到喂食处.不一会,一群蜜蜂就象一股小风暴一样从蜂箱飞到喂食处.几个世纪以前,"蜂线"这个单词就出现了,现在,我们就可以得出"给某人或某样东西作一条直线"的表达方式,意思是为某人或某样东西快速沿着一条直线走.

卡尔·冯·弗里希毕生研究包括蜜蜂在内的动物传递信息的办法,1973年,他和另外两个科学家获得了诺贝尔奖.他死于1982年.

高三英语Underthesea

经验告诉我们，成功是留给有准备的人。作为高中教师就需要提前准备好适合自己的教案。教案可以让学生能够在教学期间跟着互动起来，使高中教师有一个简单易懂的教学思路。那么怎么才能写出优秀的高中教案呢？小编为此仔细地整理了以下内容《高三英语Underthesea》，供大家借鉴和使用，希望大家分享！

Unit3Underthesea
Ⅰ.单元教学目标
技能目标SkillGoals
▲Retellastoryandmakeitintoaplay
▲Readastoryanddescribetherelationshipbetweenanimalsandhumans
▲ReviewthePassiveVoice(2)(includingthe-ingform)
▲Writeaparagraphtocomplainpolitelybasedondialoguesaboutblameandcomplaint

Ⅱ.目标语言

功
能
句
式
Blameandcomplaint
I’msorrybut...
I’mafraid...
That’snotgoodenough.
I’mfeeling(annoyedwith/unhappyabout/unsatisfiedwith...etc)
I’mnotfeeling(happyabout/satisfiedwith...etc)
I’dliketotalktothemanager.
I’dlikeafullrefund.
That’snogoodforme.
I’dlikearefund,please.

词汇1．四会词汇
anecdote,annual,witness,accommodation,shore,yell,pack,flee,drag,depth,lip,tongue,abandon,relationship,rent,seaside,net,dimension,reflect,pure,magic,beauty,cell,aware,vivid,poisonous,cave,narrow,sharp,tasty,scare,shallow,entry,boundary，Antarctic,awesome,seal,pension,pensioner
2．认读词汇
snorkel,aquarium,Clancy,baleen,baleenwhale,migration,oar,blow-hole,harpoon,meantime,overboard,flipper,turtle,lettuce,horn,anemonefish,tentacle,seaanemone,sea-slug,stripe,striped,eel,giant,clam,leap,refund
3．词组
aheadof,inthemeantime,helpout,be/becomeawareof,upsidedown,(be)scaredtodeath,theAntarctic,sortout,throw...outof,beabouttodo,headout,fleeout,aimat,floatup,washoff,holdup
4．重点词汇
anecdote,accommodation,shore,yell,flee,drag,depth,tongue,abandon,seaside,net,relationship,beauty,aware,vivid,poisonous,tasty,scare,Antarctic,awesome,pension

结
构RevisethePassiveVoice(includingthe-ingform)
Clancydidn’tmindbeingtoldwhattodo.
BeingheldupinthewaterbyOldTom,Jameswasconfidenthewouldsurvive.

重
点
句
子1.Withoutpausingwejumpedintotheboatwiththeotherwhalersandheadedoutintothebay.P20
2.Aswedrewcloser,Icouldseeawhalebeingattackedbyapackofaboutsixotherkillers.P20
3.ThefirstthingIbecomeawareofwasallthevividcolourssurroundingme...P24
4....theyellowandgreenparrotfishhangingupsidedown,andsuckingtinyplantsoffthecoralwithitshardbird-likemouth...P24
6.Itoldmyselftheyweren’tdangerousbutthatdidn’tstopmefromfeelingscaredtodeathforamoment.P24

Ⅲ.教材分析和教材重组
1.教材分析
本单元以大自然中的海底世界为话题,以谈论海底世界的动植物为切入点，让学生在交流中发现和了解大自然的奇妙和美丽；通过阅读奇闻故事，使学生从一个侧面了解人类与动物的关系；一篇与海底动植物相处的感受的日记，把学生带入人与自然和谐相处的美好境界。
本单元用梯次递进的方式让学生运用已有的自然知识、亲身体验、所掌握的语言知识和技能，在阅读、听新闻和专家评述、讨论、写故事、编剧本、排练演出等多项语言功能运用的过程中，深入学习、了解海洋动植物和大自然，并学习用英语表达对它们的感受、关切和热爱，从而在学习和运用语言的同时，强化对海洋生物和大自然的保护意识。本单元实现了语言学习和传播先进思想的完美统一。
1.1WarmingUp设计了两个活动。第一个活动用两个提问直接导入本单元的中心话题，也是学生最感兴趣的话题——海底动物和植物，要求学生以互相交流的方式更多地了解海底世界。紧接着是小组活动，要求学生将已知的海洋动植物列表归纳，并谈论自己最喜爱的海洋动物或植物。这一部分的设计为下一步的课文学习以及后边的听、说、读、写在内容方面打下了伏笔。
1.2Pre-reading是Reading文图并茂的内容简介。“虎鲸帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸”的奇闻轶事会立刻激起学生的阅读兴趣。
1.3Reading是一篇题为“OldTomtheKillerWhale”的故事，其中包括两篇关于虎鲸的奇闻轶事。第一篇讲虎鲸如何帮助捕鲸人捕捉须鲸，过程奇妙有趣。第二篇讲虎鲸如何从鲨鱼群中救出捕鲸人，情节惊险感人。学生通过对课文的阅读理解，会由衷地感激这些可爱的海洋动物对人类忠实的帮助和巨大的贡献，同时习得阅读故事的技能。
1.4Comprehending设计了根据课文内容描述OldTom和捕鲸人的关系,旨在引导学生在阅读理解的基础上进行再创造。第二题根据课文回答问题，其目的是评价学生对文章的理解程度。第三项是小组讨论，中心论题——你是否同意禁止捕鲸——直击本单元思想内容主题——环境和动物保护。整个活动设计梯次分明，思想教育意义和语言学习意义两条线共同逐步深入，以达到阅读理解的最佳效果。
1.5LearningaboutLanguage分为词汇和语法两项。词汇部分帮助学生学习用适当的形式和意义使用词汇和短语，旨在培养学生运用英语词汇和短语的能力。语法项目是复习动词-ing形式的被动语态。要求学生用正确的-ing形式完成单句填空和补全句子来操练这一语法项目。-ing形式的被动语态在语法学习中是个难点，教师可以在此基础上做些拓展性和巩固性的练习设计。
1.6UsingLanguage是一个综合性学习项目，包括“阅读与讨论”、“讨论与写作”、“说话与写作”。“阅读与讨论”的主体是一篇与海底动植物相处的感受的日记，其后设计了四个活动环节：速读选择信息；细节列表；词汇学习；语法学习（形容词连用）。“讨论与写作”共有两项任务：一是让学生以小组活动的形式讨论所给出的日记中的描述性词语的意思和描述方式；二是让学生用上其中三、四个短语写一小段描写一个地点的一种动物或植物的短文。这种分类描写的方式非常有利于对学生的写作训练和指导。“读、听、说”共设计了五项活动：第一项是在“听”之前阅读一则观鲸旅游的广告并就此讨论有关问题；第二项是听一段对话选择答案；第三项在重听一遍的同时，记下与广告不符的情况；第四、五项的听力重点在词汇上，练习的内容是完成所听的句子和填上所缺的词。所有“读、听、说”的活动层次清晰，内容连贯，实际上都在为完成下一步“写”的任务积累素材和提供示范。“说话与写作”的中心任务是本单元写作练习的主题：对某事或某人以礼貌的方式责备和抱怨。该部分提供了表示“责备和抱怨”的习惯用语和三种情境，要求学生运用所给的词语先进行对话练习，然后再把对话内容写下来。这种写作练习设计能使学生体会到语言的鲜活、生动和实用，有利于发挥他们的写作积极性。

2．教材重组
2.1Pre-reading,Reading,Comprehending是一个整体,而第一部分WarmingUp的话题内容又与Reading一致，因此将这几部分整合在一起，设计成一节“阅读课”。
2.2LearningaboutLanguage中的两项活动(词汇和语法)和Workbook中的USINGWORDSANDEXPRESSIONS以及USINGSTRUCTURES内容一致，整合起来设计成一节“语言学习课”。
2.3将UsingLanguage中的听力部分(P25Reading,discussingandlistening)与Workbook中的LISTENING,LISTENINGTASK整合为一节“听力课”；由于Workbook中TALKING的任务是谈论前面两个听力内容的，所以将此项任务也加进这一课时。
2.4将UsingLanguage中的Readinganddiscussing以及其后的四项练习与Workbook中的READINGTASK以及其后的两项练习整合在一起，上一节“泛读课”。
2.5将UsingLanguage中的Speakingandwriting(P26)与WRITINGTASK,SPEAKINGTASK整合成一节“交流写作课”。
注：本单元“说”的任务分别体现在“听、写、读”等各项活动中，因此没有单独设计“口语课”。
3.课型设计与课时分配
1stPeriodReading
2ndPeriodLanguagestudy
3rdPeriodListening
4thPeriodExtensivereading
5thPeriodCommunicationandwriting

Ⅳ.分课时教案
TheFirstPeriodReading
Teachinggoals教学目标
1.Targetlanguage目标语言
a.重点词汇和短语
anecdote,annual,witness,accommodation,shore,yell,pack,flee,drag,depth,lip,tongue,abandon,relationship,aheadof,inthemeantime,helpout
b.重点句子
Werandowntotheshoreintimetoseeanenormousanimaloppositeusthrowingitselfoutofthewaterandthencrashingdownagain.P20
Withoutpausingwejumpedintotheboatwiththeotherwhalersandheadedoutintothebay.P20
Aswedrewcloser,Icouldseeawhalebeingattackedbyapackofaboutsixotherkillers.P20
Andthoseothersarestoppingitdivingorfleeingouttosea.P20
IttookoverhalfanhourtogettheboatbacktoJames...P21
2.Abilitygoals能力目标
EnabletheSstotalkaboutplantsandanimalsunderthesea.LettheSsknowthatseaplantsandanimalsarepartofhumanbeings’life.
3.Learningabilitygoals学能目标
HelptheSslearnhowtotalkaboutplantsandanimalsundertheseabymeansofmakingdialoguesandknowtheimportanceoftherelationshipbetweenanimalsandhumansthroughreading.
Teachingimportantpoints教学重点
HelptheSsknowmoreaboutplantsandanimalsundertheseaaswellastheanimals’loyaltyandhelptohumanbeings.
Teachingdifficultpoints教学难点
Analyzethestructureofsomesentences;
Summarizethemainideaofeachparagraphaswellasthetext.
Teachingmethods教学方法
Makingdialoguestocollectinformationabouttheplantsandanimalsunderthesea;
Fast-readingandcareful-readingmethods;
Thinkingandsummarizingmethods.
Teachingaids教具准备
Arecorder,aprojectorandsomeslides.
Teachingproceduresways教学过程与方式

StepⅠWarmingup
T:Goodmorning/afternoon,everyone!
Ss:Goodmorning/afternoon,Sir/Madam!
T:Haveyouseenplantsandanimalsthatliveunderthesea?Anddoyoulikethem?
Ss:Yes.Theyareverybeautifulandlovely./Someareuglyanddangerous./Ilikethemverymuchwhethertheyarebeautifulorugly./Yes,theyareverynice...
T:Mm,Isee.Butwheredidyouseethem?
Ss:Atanaquarium./Inthetunnelunderthesea./Inthezoo./OnTV,theprogramsabouttheseaanimals./OntheInternet.Ihaveseenalotofpicturesabouttheseaanimalsandplants...
T:Verygood.Yousee,yoursightofseaanimalsislimited.Doyouwanttoknowmoreaboutthem?
Ss:Yes!Verymuch!Buthow?
T:Nowyoucantalktoeachotherinpairsabouttheseaanimalsandplantsyou’veseenbeforetoenrichyourknowledgeofthem.UsethelistonPage19tohelpyou.
TheSsbegintotalkabouttheplantsandanimalsundertheseathey’veseenbeforeandtheteachercanwalkaroundtoseewhattheyaretalkingabout.Afterthattheteachercanasktwoorthreepairstoacttheirdialoguesout.
Possibledialogue1:
Sa:Lastsummerholiday,IwenttoHainanProvincewithmyparents.TherewhenIwasonmysnorkellingtrip,Isawmanykindsofbeautifulfishunderthesea.TheyhavesorichandfreshcolorsthatIcouldn’tbelievemyeyes.
Sb:Doyouknowtheirnames?
Sa:No.Solargevarietyofcolorfulfishthattheymademeastonished.ButIcouldhardlycallasinglenameofthem.MaybeIsawseaanemones,whichliveonrocksandlooklikeflowers.
Sb:Haveyouseenanythingspecial?
Sa:Yes.Isawsomecorals,realandlivingcorals.Youknowtheredoneisthemostbeautiful.
Sb:Red?I’veonlyseenwhiteonesindecorationshops.Ilikeitsfantasticshapes.ButIdon’tknowtherearesomeredones.
Sa:Besidesredones,therearepurple,yellow,blue,pinkones.
Sb:Oh!That’swonderful!Howluckyyouare!IlikeseaanimalsandplantsverymuchbutIhaven’tseenthemundertheseawithmyowneyes.I’veonlyseenthemonTVprogramsandinsomefilmsaboutlivingthingsunderthesea.
Sa:Whenwecanearnenoughmoneybyourselves,thefirstholidaytripwouldbegoingonasnorkellingtrip.
Sb:It’sago!
Possibledialogue2:
Sa:OnceIsawmanyturtlesintheAquariumofShanhaiguan.Someweresolargethattheycouldn’tmoveveryfast.Twoorthreeofthemhadhardhornsontheirlegs.Itissaidtheymusthavelivedatleastoverthreehundredyearsbeforetheyhavethiskindofthing.
Sb:Really?I’veneverheardaboutthat.IhavebeentoShengyaOceanWorldinDalian.Isawsomelargeturtlesbutdidn’tfindthatkindofones.
Sa:Youmusthaveseenmanyfish,right?
Sb:Certainly!Alargenumberofanimalsandplantsunderthesea.
Sa:Tellmemore,please.
Sb:Someeels,forexample.Theywerelongandthinwithsharpteethandswamveryquickly.Smallsharksinwhite-greycolorswamingroupsaroundthediver.Theywereactiveandseemednevertostop.Theexplainertoldusthatonlyafewkindsofsharksmightattackpeople.Therewerealsofatsealions,yellowandgreenparrotfish,blue-stripedangelfish,seahorses—theywereverysmall,floatinguprightinwater,seastarsinmanycolorsandsoon.Therewerealsosomeseaplantssuchaskelp.
Sa:That’swonderful.I’llaskmyparentstotakemetherenextsummerholiday!
T:Verygoodjob!Youmakemeknowmoreaboutthelovelyseaanimals.Wouldyoulikemetoshowyouaroundtheworldunderthesea?
Ss:Hurray!Wecouldn’twaitanymore!
T:Butremember,afteryou’veseeneachbeautifulcreaturewithoutnamemarked,youmusttrytowritedownthenameoftheanimalortheplantinyourexercisebooks,threeofyouwillbeaskedtowritethenamesontheblackboard.Whoeverwritesthenamesmostquicklyandaccuratelywillgetasmallgift.Clear?
ShowpicturesofseaplantsandanimalsonthescreenandasktheSstodothespellingjob.Ifpossible,ashortvideoabouttheworldunderseawouldbebetter.

(1)(2)
(3)(4)
(5)(6)
(7)(8)
(9)(10)
(11)(12)
(13)(14)
Namesoftheseseaanimalsandplants:
(1)whitewhale白鲸(2)anemone海葵
(3)seastar海星(4)shark鲨鱼
(5)coral珊瑚(6)butterflyfish蝴蝶鱼(7)seahorse海马
(8)turtle海龟(9)parrotfish鹦嘴鱼(10)kelp海带
(11)eel海鳗(12)angelfish天使鱼
(13)anemonefish海葵鱼(14)dolphin海豚
T:Aren’ttheybeautiful!Ithinkyou’veknownmoreaboutseaanimalsandplants.Now,let’sworkingroupsoffour,makingalistaboutwhatyouhaveknownaboutthemtocollecttheinformation.Drawaformlikethisandthenfillinit.Showthefollowingformonthescreen.AftertheSshavefinished,showafulfilledoneasasummary.
NamePlantsandanimals
you’veseenundertheseaWhereyou
sawthemFavouriteone
why
LiHuadolphins,flyingfish,kelps,algae,whitebait...Onaboattourdolphins:cleverandfriendlytopeople
WangXixiturtles,seahorses,sealion,sharks,whitewhale,seals...Atan
aquariumsealion:clever
canplaygame
WangXixiflatfish,ling,coral,kelps,algae,eels,clams,sea-slugs,whales,crabs,shrimps,cuttlefish,seasrats,seals,whalessharks,whelks,elephantseal,anemone,seajelly...OnTVandinfilmscoral:colourfulandincharmingshapes
kelps:tastyandnutrient
JianPingparrotfish,angelfish,eels,coral,kelps,turtles,scallops,clams...Ona
snorkelling
tripbutterflyfish:
beautifulincolors

StepⅡPre-reading
LettheSstalkaboutthepictureinPre-readingandgetthempreparedforthereadingpassage.
T:NowlookatthepictureinPre-reading.Whatcanyouseeandwhatdoyouthinkishappeninginit?
S:Inthepicturewecanseeahugefish,fromthewaterspurtedoutoftheblow-holeonitsheadwecanknowitmustbeawhale.Therearesomebigfishrunningafterit.Theyarehavingafight,Iguess.
S:Thereisasmallboatnotfarfromthewhale.Thepeopleontheboatmightbehuntingwhales.Iheardofitbefore.
T:Ifyouwanttouncoverthepuzzle,readthewordsontheleftsideofthepicture.
Afterashortwhile.
T:Whatdoesanecdotemean?Haveyougotitsmeaningfromthedictionary?
S:Itmeansashortstorybasedonyourpersonalexperience.
T:Right!Sowhatarethemaincharactersofthestory?
S:Whalers,killerwhalesandbaleenwhales.
T:Butwhatistherealnameofthekillers?Andhowdidtheyhelpthewhalerstocatchthebaleenwhales?Let’sreadthetextandfindtheanswers.

StepⅢReadingcomprehending
Inthisstep,theSswillreadthetextanddealwiththecomprehendingexercises.
Skimming
LettheSsskimthetextandgetthemainideasofthetwoanecdotes.
Afterskimming.
T:WhoisOldTom?Whatisthefirstanecdoteabout?
S:OldTomisthenameofkillerwhales.Thefirstanecdotedescribesahuntingexperienceabouthowthekillerwhaleshelpedthewhalerstohuntawhale.
T:Good!Howaboutthesecondone?
S:IttellsabouthowakillerwhaleprotectedandsavedJames,awhaler.
Scanning
LettheSsdoscanningandfindtheanswerstothequestionsinExercise2.
T:First,gothroughthequestionsinExercise2onPage21,andthenIwillgiveyouseveralminutestodoscanning.
Afewminuteslater,guidetheSstodopairwork(asfollows),whiletheteachercanwalkaroundtoseeiftheyhaveanyproblemstodealwith.
Sa:WhatevidencewastherethatOldTomwashelpingthewhalersout?
Sb:OldTomwasswimmingbytheboat,showingusthewayandleadingustothehunt.GeorgestartedbeatingthewaterwithhisoarandtherewasTom,circlingbacktotheboat,leadingustothehuntagain...
Thenasksomepairstoaskandanswerthequestionsbeforeclass.
T:Verygood!Nowcloseyourbooksandwe’lllistentothetapeofthistext.Takeoutapieceofpaper.Lookatthescreen,whileyouarelistening,payattentiontothewholestoryandtrytowritedownthemissingwordsinthesentencesaccordingtowhatyouhear.Areyouready?
Showthefollowingsentencesonthescreen.(Thesentencesaregivenwithblanks.)
1.Ithought,atthetime,thatthiswasjustastorybutthenIwitnesseditwithmyowneyesmanytimes.
2.…asIwassortingoutmyaccommodation,Iheardaloudnoisecomingfromthebay.
3.Werandowntotheshoreintimetoseeanenormousanimalthrowingitselfoutofthewaterandthencrashingdownagain.
4.“Comeon,Clancy.Totheboat,”Georgesaidasheranaheadofme.
5.Aswedrewcloser,Icouldseeawhalebeingattackedbyapackofaboutsixotherkillers.
6.Andthoseothersarestoppingitdivingorfleeingouttosea.
7.Withinamomentortwo,itsbodywasdraggedswiftlybythekillersdownintothedepthsofthesea.
8.Inthemeantime,OldTom,andtheothersarehavingagoodfeedonitslipsandtongue.
Afterplayingthetape,asksomeonetospelloutthewordsorwritethemdownontheBbtochecktheirlisteningandspellingtasks.Atlast,showtheanswersonthescreen.

StepⅣDiscussion
DealwithExercise3inComprehending.LettheSsworkingroupsanddosomediscussion.
T:Lookatthetitleofthistext:OldTomtheKillerWhale.WhoisOldTomandwhatisspecialaboutit?
S:Itisakillerwhale!It’stheheadofthekillerwhaleteam,Ithink.
S:Maybeitisthemostcleverandpowerfuloneintheteam.
T:Nowingroups,discusstherelationshipbetweenOldTomandthewhalers.Thendiscusswhatotheranimalshelpouthumansinhunting.
Asampledescription:
Sa:OldTomishonestandhelpfultothewhalersandthewhalersareverykindtoOldTomanditsgroup,too.They’rejustlikegoodfriends.
Sb:Ithinkso.MaybeOldTomandotherkillershavebeentrainedbythewhalers,justlikehuntingdogs,theygetonwellwiththewhalers.Ineverydaylifetheytakecareofeachotherandinanemergency,theyhelpeachother.
Sc:Speakingtohuntingdogs,Ithinktheyarethemosttypicalanimalsthathelpouthumansinhunting.Uponmeetingthequarries,theyareveryexcitedandlistentotheirmastersverywelltohuntforthem.Ifthereisagroupofdogs,theymayworktogethertilltheyhelpthemastercatchthequarries.Thentheywillbeveryhappyandcomebacktothemastertoreporttheirsuccess.That’sveryinteresting.Andiftheirmasterisindanger,theywillrushuptorescuehim.Therearemanymovingstoriesofthiskind.
Sd:Yes.Afterreadingthetext,wecanlearnmoreabouttherelationshipbetweenhumansandanimals.Humansandanimalsshoulddependoneachotherandbekindtoeachother.Onlyinthatway,cantheworldbemoreharmoniousandbeautiful.
Dealwithsomelanguagepoints.

StepⅤHomework
T:Asamatteroffact,whalesarenowanendangeredanimal.Manypeoplearetryingtoprotectthemfrombeinghunted.ThelastwhalingstationinAustraliaclosedin1978.Butsomecountriesopposetheban.Andtherearestillpeoplewhohuntwhales.What’syouropinion?Areyoufororagainstthebanningwhaling?Considertheproblemcarefullyandwe’llhaveadiscussiontomorrow.Good-byeeveryone!

TheSecondPeriodLanguagestudy
Teachinggoals教学目标
1.Targetlanguage目标语言
a.重点词汇和短语
depth,shore,accommodation,inthemeantime,park,snorkel,rent,seaside,net,beawareof,reflecton,pure,upsidedown,scaretodeath
b.重点句子
Jameswasafraidofbeingattackedbysharks.P23
Thechildrenenjoyedbeingtakentotheaquarium.P23
2.Abilitygoals能力目标
RevisethePassiveVoiceofthe-ingform.
Learntousesomenewwordsandphrases.
3.Learningabilitygoals学能目标
HelptheSstolearnhowtousethePassiveVoiceespecially“beingdone”formbypracticingandsummarizing.
Teachingimportantpoints教学重点
ThePassiveVoiceand“beingdone”usedasobject,attributeandsoon.
Teachingdifficultpoints教学难点
HelptheSstomastertheusageofthePassiveVoiceand“beingdone”structure.
Teachingmethods教学方法
Concluding,summarizingandpracticing.
Teachingaids教具准备
Aprojectorandacomputer.
Teachingproceduresways教学过程与方式

StepⅠRevision
T:Goodmorning/afternooneveryone!
Ss:Goodmorning/afternoon,Sir/Madam!
T:Attheendoflastperiod,youwereaskedtothinkabouttheinternationalbanonwhaling.Areyouforitoragainstit?Nowlet’sworkingroupsoffouranddiscussthereasonsforandagainstbanningwhaling.
WhiletheSsarehavingdiscussion,walkaroundtoseeiftheyaregettingonwellwiththejob.Whentheyhavefinished,asktheSstospeakouttheirgroup’sopinionsandreasons.
Possiblediscussion:
Sa:Ithinkit’simportanttoprotectwhales.Afteralongtimehunting,thenumberofwhaleshaslargelydecreased.Ontheotherhand,withthedevelopmentofindustry,theseahasbeenseriouslypollutedandthepollutionhaskilledmanywhales.
Sb:Yes.Iagreeontheinternationalban.Whaleisoneoftheoldestspeciesontheearth.Protectingthemeffectivelyandstudyingthemseriouslywillbringhumanbeingsgreatbenefit.
Sc:Whalesarethehugestanimalslivingintheocean.Thenumberoftheminnaturewillhavegreateffectonthebalanceofseaanimalsaswellasnature.
Sd:WeseemtohavethesameideaaboutthetopicandIagreewithyouall.Firstly,animalsarehumanbeing’sfriends;wemusttrytoprotectthem,especiallythoseendangered.Itisreportedthatmanywhaleskillthemselvesforsomeunknownreasonsonsomebeacheseveryyear.Maybethatiscausedbypollution.Inaword,manhasdonemuchharmtowhales.It’stimeforushumanstodosomethingtoprotectthem.Nomorewhaling!
T:Yes,nomorewhaling!Iagreewithyouverymuch!Ihopeyoucangetmoreinformationaboutwhalesafterclasstolearnmoreabouttheircurrentsituation.

StepⅡLanguagestudy
DealwiththeusefulwordsandexpressionsinthisunitandlettheSsdosomeexercisestomastertheirmeaningsandusages.
T:TurntoPages22,pleasefinishExx1-3.
WhentheSshavefinishedthat,checktheanswerswiththewholeclass.
T:Now,we’llrevisesomeusefulstructures.
Astheteacherexplainsthegrammar,he/shewillshowtheslidesatpropertime.

StepⅢPractice(Workbookexercises)
LettheSsfinishtheexercisesinUSINGWORDSANDEXPRESSIONSonPage63tofurtherpracticetheuseofsomekeywordsandexpressions.
ThenletthemfinishtheexercisesinUSINGSTRUCTURES.Afterstudentshavefinished,showsomestudents’workontheprojector,checktheirworkwiththewholeclass.Correcttheerrorsifthereareany.
Thisstructureisusedafterprepositionsandverbsnormallyfollowedby-ingform.SotheteachercanhelptheSssummarizetheverbsorphrasalverbsfollowedby-ingform.

StepⅣHomework
Homeworkfortoday:
1.Revisethegrammarandlanguagepoints.
2.Writefivesentenceswith“beingdone”structureasdifferentcomponentsofasentence.
TheThirdPeriodListening
Teachinggoals教学目标
1.Targetlanguage目标语言
重点词汇和短语
opportunity,annual,migration,Antarctic,whalewatchingtour,witness,awesome,leapoutof,seal,refund,pensioner,sharkattack
2.Abilitygoals能力目标
EnabletheSstolistentothreedialoguesaboutatourtheyhavereadintheadvertisementandaninterviewofasharkexperttoanswerthequestionsgiven.
3.Learningabilitygoals学能目标
Learnhowtogetrightinformationfromwhattheyhearonthetapeandanswerthequestionsgivenaccordingtothelisteningmaterial.
Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints教学重难点
Listentodialoguestopickouttheexpressionsaboutblameandcomplaintandfillinthemissingwordsintheshortpassagesgiven.
Answersomequestionsgivenaboutsharksinordertosmooththewayoflistening.
Teachingmethods教学方法
Listening,speakingandcooperativelearning.
Teachingaids教具准备
Arecorder.
Teachingproceduresways教学过程与方式

StepⅠRevision
T:Goodmorning/afternooneveryone!
Ss:Goodmorning/afternoon,Sir/Madam!
T:Now,I’llcheckyourhomework.Readthesentencesyou’vemadewiththepassivevoiceof-ingform.
OrasksomeSstowritedowntheirsentencesontheBb,correctthemistakesifany.
Samplesentences:
Beingastudent,IknowImustworkhard.(Adverbial)
I’mveryexcitedaboutbeinginvitedtomyfriend’sbirthdayparty.(Objectofprep.)
Wedon’tlikebeingkeptwritinghomeworkalldaylongonSunday.(Objectofvt.)
Beingpraisedisapleasure.(Subject)
Theboybeingblamediscrying.(Attribute)

StepⅡListening(1)
T:Page25,please.Youwillfindanadvertisementaboutwhalewatchingtours.Haveyoueverbeenonsuchatour?Whatcanyouexperienceonthistour?...Nowreaditcarefullyandtrytoanswerthequestionsaboveit.Youcandiscusswithyourpartners.
Suggestedanswers:
1.Youcan:listentowhalessingingandwatchthemunderwateronthevideocamera;witnesswhalesintheirnaturalenvironmentastheyleapoutofwaterandfeedinourwaters;enjoyplentyofothermarineanimalssuchasdolphins,sealsandpenguins.
2.Iameagertogoonthistour.Iwouldliketowitnesswhalesintheirnaturalenvironmentastheyleapoutofwaterandfeedinourwatersbest.
3.Youwillgetarefundifyoudon’tseeawhaleonthetour.
T:Nowwearegoingtohearsomedialoguesbetweentouristsandatourguide.Theyhavefinishedthewhalewatchingtour.LookattheaspectsinEx2.Gothroughtheaspectsgivenanddecidewhichonesthetouristsmightthinkweregoodandwhichtheymightcomplainabout.Afterthat,we’lllistentothetapeandchecktheanswers.Clear?
Playthetape.Forthefirsttime,theyarerequiredtochecktheanswerstheyhavechosen.Forthesecondtime,theyshouldnumbertheaspectsintheordertheyhearaboutthem.Thenchecktheanswerswiththewholeclass.
T:Wehavesomanyjobstodotoday.NowPage26.Let’slistentothetapeagaintofinishExx3-5.ForEx4,youarerequiredtopickouttheexpressionsaboutcomplaintineachofthethreedialoguesandthencompletethesentencesgiven.Theseexpressionsarethefunctionalitemsofthisunit.
PlaythetapeagainandhelptheSstofinishthesetasksandatlast,checktheanswerswiththeclass.

StepⅢListening(2)
T:TurntoPage62please.Firstlookatthethreephotos.Whatdoyouseeinthem?
Ss:Sharks.
T:Haveyouseenanysharkswithyourowneyes?Wheredidyouseethem?Howwouldyouliketodescribethem?
S:Isawtheminanaquarium.Ithinktheyarehugeandfierce.
S:IsawthemontheTV.Itisreportedthatsharksattackpeopleonthebeachesinsomeareas.
T:Howdoyoufeelwhenyoulookatthephotosofthem?
S:Ifeelscared.
S:Ifeelamazed.
S:Ifeelthathumansaresofragileandweakinfrontofthem.
ThenlettheSsdiscussthequestionsabovethephotosingroupsandmakeshortdialogues.Theywillshareinformationwitheachotherandlearnmoreaboutsharks.
Possibledialogue1:
Sa:Wherehaveyouseensharks?
Sb:I’veseenthematanaquarium.
Sa:Whatdoyouknowaboutthem?
Sb:Iknowfromtheinterpreterthattherearemanykindsofsharksintheworldbutjustafewofthemmayattackpeople.Whataboutyou,C?
Sc:I’veseenthembothonTVandatanaquarium.WhenIsawtheminthelargeaquarium,Ifoundtheywerenotsobigandfierce.Onthecontrary,theywerelivelyandactive.WhenIsawthemonTVprogramsabouttheworldunderthesea,Ifoundtheyswamveryquicklylikeanarrow.Infact,Ilikethemverymuch.Doyouknowanythingaboutshark,A?
Sa:Yes.I’veseenthemontheInternet,onTVandinthefilmofJaws.Theanimalisawonderfulcreatureinnature;whileinthefilmitwasverycruelandfierceandkilledmanypeople.ButIdon’tthinkthefilmtellsthetruestoriesofsharks.Ialwaysthinkifyoudon’tdisturbthewildanimals,theywon’tattackyou,either.
Possibledialogue2:
Sa:Howdoyoufeelwhenyoulookatthephotos?
Sb:Inthefirstandsecondone,theyseemfine.Theyhaveaverygoodshapeandtheycanswimveryquickly.
Sc:Butinthethirdoneitlooksveryfrightening,justlikethebigsharkinthefilmJaws.It’sterrible.Whatdoyouthinkaboutthem,A?
Sa:Sometimeswemayhearnewsthatsharksattackpeopleandthismayfrightenpeopleverymuch.Butpeopleoftenpaylessattentiontothefactthatmanymoresharksarekilledbypeopleeveryyearandtheiramountinnaturedroppeddownveryquickly.
Sb:Yes.Peoplekillfarmoresharksthansharksdotopeople.AndIknowfromsomebooksthatseldomdothewildanimalsattackhumanbeings,ifpeoplewon’tdisturbthem.Sopeopleshouldthinkseriouslywhattheyhavedonetosharks.Forexample,whetherwe’vedestroyedtheirsurvivingenvironmentorwhethertoomuchfishinghasbrokentheirfoodchains.
T:Asweallknow,sharksattackpeople.NowLet’slistentothenewsreportsonsharkattacks.Numbertheplaceswheretheseattackshappenedintheorderyourhearthem.Areyouready?
PlaythetapetwiceormorefortheSstolistenandfinishExx2-3.Afterthat,checktheanswerswiththem.ThenlettheSsworkingroupsanddiscussthequestionsinEx4.
SuggestedanswerstoQ1:
Sa:Justnowweheardsomereportsonsharkattacks.Astowhetherpeopleshouldhuntdownandkillsharks,Ithinkthatdependsonthecase.Ifthesharkkillspeople,liketheoneinthefilmJaws,itshouldbekilledinordertosavepeople’slives.Butwemustn’tkillthosethatneverattackpeoplebecausenotallsharksmighthurtpeople.Wecan’tkillthewholefamilyjustbecauseoneofthemkilledaperson.
Sb:Iagree.Sharkattacksjusthappenonceinawhile.Infact,thechancesofbeingbittenbyasharkareactuallyverysmall.Comparedtowhatpeoplehavedonetosharks,theyareinnocent.Imaginethatifhumanbeingshadn’tdisturbedtheircircumstanceordestroyedtheirfoodchainorpollutedseawaterandsoon,wouldthatkindsofthingshappensooften?
Sc:Yes.Wehumanbeingsmustreflectonourselveswhetherweleaveenoughspaceforseaanimals,likesharks,tosurviveinnature.Ifwewanttoomuchfromthesea,wemustbepunished,byanimals,bynatureorinsomeotherways.Ontheotherhand,peoplecantakemeasurestoavoidthis.Forexample,nottoswimtooclosetotheirhabitats,leavethemenoughspace;nottofishtoomuch,especiallythecertainkindsoffishforsharks’food;protecttheoceanfrombeingpollutedtoprovidegoodseaenvironmentforallseaanimalsandmostly,forhumanbeings.
SuggestedanswerstoQ2:
Sa:Ithinkitmattersifmanysharksarekilledbypeople.Everyoneknowsthatanyspecieshasitsownpositioninnature,sayingnothingofsharks,largeandimportantanimals.Theamountofsharkswillmakegreateffectontheseacreaturechain,whileseacreaturechainwillaffecttheocean,andtheoceanwillactontheclimatestraight,andasaresult,onhumanbeings.SoIthinkanimals,suchassharks,haveaverycloserelationtopeople.
Sb:Yes.Itisreportedthatsharkpopulationsaredecreasingataseriousratebecauseofmodernfishingtechnology.Ontheotherhand,withthedeepwaterconditiongettingworsebypollutionandpeople’skilling,moreandmorespeciesarebecomingendangered.
Sc:AsfarasIknow,upto200millionsharksarekilledeachyear.Thisformerhugefamilynowhasnolongerheldadvantages.Theirsituationmakesusworried.SoIthinkgovernmentshouldmakesurethatthefishingofsharksissloweddown.Meanwhile,takematurestoprotectthem.
T:Verygoodjob!I’mverygladtofindthatyouhavegotstrongsenseofenvironmentalprotection.
Now,lookatthescreenandwewillreadtwopiecesofnewswithpictures.
Dealwiththenewwordsfirst.
Onthescreen
Whalesanddolphinsmysteriouslystranded
Updated:
Newwords:Tasmanian.塔斯马尼亚;
beachingn.海滩;steerv.驾驶,转向;
strandvt.搁浅;rescuern.救助者;
survivorn.生还者
(1)
AlisonJoyceandhertwo-year-sonTylerlookbottle-noseddolphinsstrandedonSeaElephant
BeachonTasmania’sKingIslandinAustraliaNovember29,2004.Over100ofthemammalsmysteriouslybeachedthemselvesinamassstrandingwhichwasrepeatedatanotherbeachontheislandstates’south-eastcoast.Morethanthree-quartersofAustralia’swhalestrandingsoccurinTasmania.
(2)
Partofapodofbeachedlong-finnedpilotwhalesliedeadinthesandatSeaElephantBeachonTasmania’sKingIsland,Australia,November28,2004.Morethan100whalesanddolphinsdiedintwoseparatebeachingsin24hoursonremoteAustralianislands,leavingrescuersonMondaystrugglingtosteersurvivorsouttoseaandpreventmorestrandings.
AfterreadingthenewstheremayappearaspecialatmosphereinclassamongtheSsandtheymaygetaspecialeducationaswell.TheteachercantaketheopportunitytomaketheSsknowdeeplytheimportanceoftheprotectingnature.

StepⅣListening(3)
T:NextwearegoingtolistentoaninterviewwiththesharkexpertDonJames.Beforeyoulisten,gothroughthestatementsinEx1onPage65andpredictwhatyouwillhearintheinterview.Thenlistenandnumberthesestatementsintheorderyouhearthem.
AftertheSshavefinishedreadingthestatements,playthetape.Thenchecktheorderofthestatements.ThenlettheSstrytoanswerthequestionsinEx2inpairs.Playthetapeforthesecondtime.AsktheSstotakesomenoteswhilelistening.Finally,asksomeofthemtoanswerthequestionswiththehelpoftheirnotesaccordingtowhattheyhear.

StepⅤHomework
T:Todaywehavetalkedaboutandlistenedtosomethingaboutseaanimals.Tomorrowwe’lllearnmoreinterestingthingsaboutthem.PleasepreviewthereadingpassageonPage24.Nowclassisover.Goodbye,everyone.
Ss:Goodbye,Sir/Madam.

TheFourthPeriodExtensivereading
Teachinggoals教学目标
1.Targetlanguage目标语言
a.重点词汇和短语
reflecting,puremagic,beauty,cell,becameawareof,vivid,poisonous,cave,narrow,upsidedown,sharp,tasty,scaredtodeath,shallow
b.重点句子
I’msittinginthewarmnightairwithacolddrinkinmyhandandreflectingontheday—adayofpuremagic!
ThefirstthingIbecameawareofwasallthevividcolourssurroundingme...
Whatawonderful,limitlessworlditwasdownthere!
2.Abilitygoals能力目标
EnabletheSstoknowmoreaboutthelivingthingsundertheseaandexperiencethebeautifulandharmoniousnaturebyreadingadiarydescribingtheanimalsandsceneryundertheseaandlearntowriteasimilaroneaccordingtotheexpressionsgiven.
3.Learningabilitygoals学能目标
Trytoimprovethestudents’readingabilitybygraspingtheinformationinthedairyabouttheworldunderthesea.Strengthentheirsenseofenvironmentalprotection.
Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints教学重难点
EnabletheSstoreadforspecificinformationandguidetheSstowritetheirowndiary.
Teachingmethods教学方法
Reading,listeningandspeaking.
Teachingaids教具准备
Arecorder,aprojectorandacomputer.
Teachingproceduresways教学过程与方式

StepⅠRevision
T:Goodmorning/afternooneveryone!
Ss:Goodmorning/afternoon,Sir/Madam!
T:YesterdayIaskedyoutopreviewthereadingpassageonPage23.It’schosenfromsomeone’sdiary.Whatdoesthewriterwriteabout?
Ss:Thewriterreflectedhisorherexperienceofsnorkelingonthereef.He/Shedescribedtheanimalsandthesceneryunderthesea.
T:Goodjob!

StepⅡReading(1)
ReadinganddiscussingP24
T:Almosteveryoneofyoulikestowatchtheprogramsabouttheseaandthesealife.That’sagreatenjoyment.Don’tyouthinkso?Ifyouhaveachancetogoonasnorkelingtrip,howwillyoufeel?
Ss:We’llfeelcrazilyhappy./Thatwouldbethemostfantasticthing./Itwouldbethemostexcitingthinginmylife...
T:Yes,Icanunderstandyourfeelings.NowlistentothetapegoingwiththepassageonPage24withoutlookingatyourtextbooks.Trytocounthowmanyseaanimalsthewritermentionsinhis/herdairy.Let’sbegin!
PlaythetapefortheSstolistentoandlettheSstrytowritedownthenamesoftheseaanimalsmentionedinthediary.Afterthat,checkthejobbyaskingsomeonetotellthenamesoftheseaanimals.
T:Howmanyanimalsdoesthewritermentioninhis/herdiary?
Ss:7.
T:Whatarethey?
Ss:Theyareparrotfish,sea-slug,sea-star,turtle,eel,clamandreefshark.
T:Right.Bytheway,thereisanotherkindofcreature,notfish,whicharedescribedmuch,especiallytheirshapes.Whatarethey?
Ss:Corals!
T:Yes.You’vedoneverywell.Let’sreadthetextcarefullytoenjoythebeautifulviewundertheseaandhavealookattheselovelyanimals.Whileyouarereading,trytoanswerthequestionsonthescreenandfindoutthemainideaofeachparagraph.Fiveorsixminuteslater,I’llcheckyourworkbyaskingsomeonetoanswerthesequestionsandtelltheclassthemainideaofeachparagraph.Areyouclear?
Onthescreen
Para1Questions:1.Whatdidthewriterdointhemorningon19thJanuary?
2.Whatdidhethinkafterseeingsuchextraordinarybeauty?
Mainidea:__________.
Para2Questions:1.Whatisthefirstthinghebe-
cameawareof?
2.Doeshethinkthecoralsarefantastic?Why?
Mainidea:__________
Para3Questions:1.Didhefrightenthefishwhenheswamamongthem?
2.Whatfishesdidheseeunderthesea?Speakoutatleastthreekinds.
Mainidea:__________
Para4Questions:1.Werethereanythingthatmadehimfeelfrightened?Whatwerethey?
2.Dothesharkshementionedhurtpeople?
Mainidea:__________
Para5Question:Whydidhesayhewasverybrave?
Mainidea:__________
Para6Mainidea:__________
WhentheSshavefinishedtheirreading,checktheirworkintheask-and-answerway.Whentheysumupthemainideas,givethemnecessaryguideandthenshowthesuggestedideasonthescreen.
Takethefirstoneforexample:
T:Nowyouhavefinishedyourreading,haven’tyou?
Ss:Yes!
T:InPara1,whatdidthewriterdointhemorningon19thJanuary?
S:Hewentsnorkeling.
...
Suggestedanswersandmainideas:
Para1Answers:1.Hewentsnorkeling.
2.Hethoughteverycellinhisbodywokeupanditwaslikediscoveringawholenewdimensionoflife.
Mainidea:Goingsnorkelingonthereef,thewriterspentadayofpuremagicanditwasthemostfantasticthinghehaseverdone.
Para2Answers:1.Allthevividcolourssurroundinghim.
2.Yes.Becausetheywereshapedstrangelylikefans,plates,brains,laceandsoon.
Mainidea:Hebecameawareoffantasticviewsunderthesea,suchasthewonderfulcolours,thestrange-shapedcorals,andallkindsofelegantfish.
Para3Answers:1.No,hedidn’t.Thefishdidn’tseemtomindhimswimmingamongthem.
2.Hesawmanybeautifulfishsuchasanemonefish,parrotfish,angelfish,andsoon.
Mainidea:Hesawavarietyofbeautifulfishandsealifeunderthesea.
Para4Answers:1.Yes,therewere.Hedidn’twanttogettooclosetotheeel,thegiantclam.Andthegreyreefsharksmadehimscaredtodeath.
2.No,theydon’t.Theyarenotdangerous.
Mainidea:Thedescriptionofsomeuglyandmaybedangerouscreatures.
Para5Answer:Becauseheswamovertheedgeofthereefandhungtherelookingdownintodepthsoftheocean.
Mainidea:Hefeltveryexposedinsuchdeepclearwater.
Para6Mainidea:Sighwithemotion:WhatatinyspotIwasinthisenormousworld!
T:Verywonderfuljobyou’vedone!Nowdoyouhaveanyquestionsaboutthewordsandexpressionsinthepassage?
Dealwithsomelanguagepoints.
Languagepoints:
1.be/becomeawareof:gettoknow
e.g.Themangersofthecompanyhavebeenawareoftheirweakness.
Iwasnotawareofthefire.
Add:Thereisanotherpatternabout“beaware”:beaware+clause
e.g.Wewerequiteawarethatthecompetitionwasveryfierce.
Areyouawarehowtheywouldrespondtoourterms?
2.reflect
(1)vt.throw(light)back:
e.g.Amirrorreflectsapictureofyouwhenyoulookinit.
(2)vt.express(+clause)
e.g.Doeswhatyousaidreflecthowyoureallythink?
(3)vi.thinkcarefully(+on)
e.g.Hereflectedonmyquestionsbeforeanswering.
ThendealwithExx1-4onPage24.

StepⅢReading(2)
READINGTASKP66
T:Let’scometothestoryabouttheseagoddessonPage67.Lookatthetwopicturesbeforeyoureadthestory.LookatPicture1,whichpartoftheworlddoyouthinkthismanisfrom?
Ss:MaybeheisfromtheNorthPole.
T:Whydoyouthinkso?
S:Becausewecanseesomeicebergs.
S:Andheispaddlingacanoeandwearingthickclothes.
T:Then,whatdoyouthinkhisclothesaremadeof?
S:IfhedoesliveintheareaoftheNorthPole,Iguesshisclothesaremadeofanimalfurs.
T:Thatmakessense.LookatPicture2.Haveyouseenpictureslikethisbefore?
Ss:Yes.
T:Wheredidyouseethem?
Ss:Inthepicturebooksoffairytale./OnTVprograms.
T:Doyouknowanystorythatinvolvesacreaturelikeher?Whatisthestory?
Ss:ThefairytalewrittenbyAndersen,“TheLittleMermaid”.
T:Verygood!Nowlet’sglancethroughthestoryquicklyandmatchtheparagraphwiththecorrectsentenceinEx2onPage68.
AftertheSshavefinishedit,checktheanswers.
T:Infact,eachsentenceisthemainideaofitscorrespondingparagraph.Haveyoufindthat?
ThendealwithEx3.LettheSsreadthestoryagainandanswerthequestions.Atlast,checktheanswers.
Suggestedanswers:
1.Becauseherfatherwasgettingoldandhecouldnotlookafterherdaughteranymore.
2.HewasafraidthatSednawouldn’tagreetomarryhimifsheknewhewasnotamanbutaseabird.
3.BecausethebirdmancausedaseastormwithangerandSedna’sfatherwassofrightenedthathegrabbedSednaandthrewherintothesea.
4.MaybeSedna’sfatherwasonceseriouslyhurtbythebirdman.Sohewasfrightenedofthebirdman.
5.Yes.Becausewhensheisangry,shekeepsalltheanimalsintheseaawayfromthehunters,whodependontheseafortheirsurvival.AndIthinkthatisamagicpowerthenatureofferstoherforherbeauty,clearnessandkindness.
Iftimeallows,asktheSstotalkaboutthestoryconcerningitsmoraleducation.
T:Whatdoyoufeelafteryoureadthestory?WhatdoyouthinkofSednaandherfather?Whatdoyouthinkthestoryistryingtoconvey?Orwhathaveyoulearnedfromthisstory?Nowthinkaboutthesequestions.
Possibleidea1:
Ithinkitisamiserablestory.Firstly,itiswrongforSedna’sfathertoforcehisdaughtertomarryaman.Evenworse,whenherealizedhewaswrongandtriedtohelphisdaughtertoescape,heactuallygaveupfacingthethreateningandterrifyingfromthebirdman.Andtheworstthingisthathehimselfthrewhisdaughterintotheseaandthatkilledhisowndaughter.Ihatethefather.Heisacoward.
Possibleidea2:
Idon’tthinkitisabeautifullegend.Sednawasabeautifulandkindgirl.Sherefusedallthemenwhowishedtomarryherbecauseshelovedherfather,butherfatherdidn’tknowthat.Onthecontrary,heforcedhisdaughtertomarryamanshedidn’tlove.Whatwasworse,hegaveintothebirdmanwhofrightenedthemwithviolenceandthrewhisdaughterintothesea,evencutoffhisdaughter’sfingers.Whatafather!Heissocruel!IthinkthebadfatherwouldbepunishedbyGod.

TheFifthPeriodCommunicationandwriting
Teachinggoals教学目标
1.Targetlanguage目标语言
a.重点词汇和短语
puremagic,extraordinarybeauty,fantasticthing,scaredtodeath
b.功能句式
That’snotgoodenough.
I’msorrybut...
I’mafraid...
I’mfeeling(annoyedwith/unhappyabout/unsatisfiedwith...).
I’mnotfeeling(happyabout/satisfiedwith...).
I’dliketotalktothemanager.
I’dlikeafullrefund.
That’snogoodforme.
I’dlikearefund,please.
2.Abilitygoals能力目标
EnabletheSstodescribeaplaceandtheplantsoranimalstherewiththetargetlanguage.
EnabletheSstomakecomplaintusingtheexpressionsgiven.
3.Learningabilitygoals学能目标
HelptheSslearnhowtowriteadescriptionofaplaceandtheplantsoranimalstherewiththetargetlanguage.
HelptheSslearnhowtomakecomplaintwiththetargetlanguage.
Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints教学重难点
HelptheSstomastertheusefulexpressionsandlearntousethemtoexpressblameandComplaintincertainsituations.
Teachingmethods教学方法
Discussing,guidedwritingandspeaking.
Teachingaids教具准备
Aprojectorandacomputer.
Teachingproceduresways教学过程与方式

StepⅠRevision
T:Goodmorning/afternooneveryone!
Ss:Goodmorning/afternoon,Sir/Madam!
T:Yesterday,IaskedyoutoworkingroupstocheckthemeaningsoftheexpressionsgivenonPage24andtalkaboutthetimesyouhadfeelinglikethese.Haveyoudonethat?Nowwhowouldliketotellaboutatimeyouhadthesefeelings?
ThenasksomeSstotellaboutthetimestheyhadfeelingslikethese.

Possibledescriptions:
Sa:Ihadadayofpuremagiclastsummer.MyparentstookmeforatourinBenxi,LiaoningProvince.Whenwewentintoacavern,wesawicicle-shapedstalactites(钟乳石)grotesqueinshape,hangingfromtheroofofthecavern.Whenthestalactiteswerelightedbythecolorfullights,theylookedextraordinarybeauty.Thenwetookaboatfloatingontheriver,itwasverydark.Ourboathittherockofthebanknowandthen,makingmyheartbeatingwildly.TheexploringtourwasthemostfantasticthingIhaveeverdone.
Sb:Youreallyhadamagicday!WhenIwenttotheGreatWall,Ialsohadafantasticfeeling.Yousee,whenIwasclimbinganarrowironladderstraightuptoahighwatchtower,Ifeltscaredtodeathandmyheartwasbeatingwildly.ButwhenIreachedthetopofthewatchtowerandlookedoutoverthemountains,everycellinmybodywokeup.Mymoodwasextraordinarygoodanditwaslikediscoveringawholenewdimensionoflife.
Sc:ThetimeIspentatShengya—theWorldundertheSea,anaquariuminDalian,maybecomparedwithyours.WhenIgotintotheaquariumunderthesea,Ifeltlikediscoveringawholenewdimensionoflife.Avarietyofbeautifulfishandmanyotheroceananimals,whichIcouldn’tcalltheirnames,wereswimmingaroundandthecolorfulseaplantswerewavingsoftlyfollowingthecurrentofthesea.Seeingsuchextraordinarybeautyintheworld,Ifelteverycellinmybodywokeup.Thatwasreallyadayofpuremagic.

StepⅡWriting(1)
T:Inlastperiodwereadadairy,inwhichthewriterusedverybeautifulwordsandphrasestodescribecolours,patterns,shapesandbehaviouroftheanimals.Nowpleasewriteaparagraphtodescribeaplaceandtheplantsoranimalsthere.Youcanreadthethirdandthefourthparagraphofthedairyasmodelforyourownwriting.FiveorsixminuteslaterI’llcheckyourwork.
TheSswillreadthethirdandfourthparagraphbeforetheystartwriting.Whentheyarewriting,theteachershouldwalkaroundtoseeiftheyhaveanyproblemstodealwith.Fiveorsixminuteslater,showoneortwocopiesonthescreenandcheckthemwiththewholeclass.
Samplewriting:
Whenwecameintothearboretum,oursightwasattractedbyallthevividcoloursofvarietiesofflowersatonce—reds,yellows,purples,white,blue,pinks,orangesandsoon.IlovedLiliesverymuch,whichwereshapedlikehorns.Thewhiteoneswerethemostsweet-smellingwithlargesize;thepinkoneswerebeautifulinbothcolourandsweetandtheorangeoneswerevividincolourwithnosweetandsmallsize.IlovedRosesthebest.Theyhavealladvantagesinthelargeflowersizes,good-lookingshapes,richcoloursandsweetsmell.AnewtypeofRosenamedBlueYaojiwassocharmingthatIjustwantedtokissthegem-blueflowers.TheButterflyOrchidswerebothrareandbeautiful.TheycamefromTaiwanProvincewithalongbloomtime.TheygotthenameButterflyOrchidsbecauseoftheflowershapesbadlylikebutterflies.Mostofthemwerepurplesandwhite.ButIfoundayellowkind,onwhichtheflowerswereabitsmalllikeyellowjade.Theywerereallybeautiful.Seeingtheextraordinarybeauty,Ifelteverycellinmybodywokeup.Itwaslikediscoveringawholenewdimensionoflife.
StepⅢSpeaking
SpeakingandwritingP27
T:Inourdailylife,wesometimesmeetwithsomethingunpleasantandmakecomplaint.Sowhenyougotoanothercountry,youshouldlearntocomplainpolitely,thenyoumaygetagoodsolution.LookatthethreesituationsonPage27.Haveyouevermetthesesituationsinyourlife?Whatdidyousayatthattime?Orwhatwillyousayifyouareinsuchsituations?Thinkaboutit....Nowreadtheexpressionsabovethesituationsandseehowtheycanhelpyoutomakecomplaintforeachofthesituation.Thenworkinpairs,chooseonesituationandmakeupadialogueforit.
Afterawhile,checktheirworkbyaskingseveralpairstoactouttheirdialogues.

Possibledialogue1:
Sa:Yousee,Imissedmyflight,official.
Sb:Don’tworry.Youcantakethenextflight.Wewon’tchargemore.
Sa:Youwon’tchargemore?ImeanI’dlikearefund,please.
Sb:I’msorrybutwedon’thavethatterm.
Sa:Imissedmyflightbecauseyoudidn’tannouncedthedelayoftheflightovertheloudspeaker.Youdelayedmytourandyoubearresponsibilityforit.
Sb:Let’strytofindabettersolution.
Possibledialogue2:
Sa:Waiter!
Sb:Yes?
Sa:ThefishIorderedtastesterrible.I’dliketotalktothemanager.
Sb:I’msorry.I’mthemanager.I’llaskthemtochangethefishforyouatonce.
Sa:That’snotgoodenough.Comingheretohaveamealshouldbeapleasantthing,howcanyouoffermesuchbadfood.I’mfeelingveryunsatisfiedwithyourservice.
Sb:I’msorry.Buthowcanwemakeyousatisfied?
Sa:I’dlikeagooddishandafullrefund.
Sb:I’mafraidwecan’tdothat.Butwecansendyouanotherdish.
Possibledialogue3:
Sa:Lookatthetrousers!Theyaretooshortforme.
Sb:I’msorry.Letmehavealookatthem.Well,don’tworry,Icanmendthemforyou.
Sa:That’snogoodforme.I’mnotfeelinghappyaboutapairofmendedtrousers.
Sb:Ihaveagoodidea.I’lladdlacesalongthecuffs.Theywilllookbeautifulandfashionable.
Sa:ButI’dstilllikearefund.
Sb:AsIdelayedyourwearing,Iagreetogiveyouaquarterrefund.IsitOK?
Sa:That’sOK.
ThenasktheSstowritedowntheirdialoguesontheirexercisebooks.

StepⅣWriting(2)
WRITINGTASKP68
T:WehavelearnedthestoryofSedna.Canyouretellthestory?Youmayfeelitdifficulttoretellsuchalongstory.Don’tworry.TurntoPage68.Lookatthetopicsentencesofeachparagraph,usingthemasaguide.Thenyouwillfinditeasiertotellthestory.Nowworkwithyourpartner,taketurnstotellthestory.
Showthetopicsentencesonthescreen.Askastudenttoretellthestorybeforetheclass.ThengettheSstowritedownthestoryindividually,usingthetopicsentencesasaguide.
Samplewriting:
SednawasalovelyandbeautifulInuitgirlandshedidn’twanttogetmarriedbecauseshelovedherfatherverymuchanddidn’twanttoleaveherfatheralone.Butherfathertoldherthatshemustmarryaman.SothenextdaySednaagreedtomarryastranger,whopromisedheragoodlife.Butwhenshefollowedthemantohisplace,shediscoveredthatherhusbandwasabird!Sednafeltsounhappythatshecriedeveryday,callingherfather’sname.Whenherfatherheardthecryingofhisdaughter,hedecidedtohelphertoescape.Whenthebirdmanfoundthathiswifewasnotthere,hewassoangrythathecaughtupwiththecanoe,whichSednaandherfatherwerepaddlingback,andcausedaseastorm.Sedna’sfatherwassofrightenedofthebirdmanthathethrewSednaintothesea.AsSednasanktothebottomoftheocean,shebecameaseagoddess.Fromthenon,TheInuitbelievethatSednahaspowerovertheanimalsinthesea,sotheyshowhergreatrespect,especiallyaftertheycatchseaanimals.
T:Verygood.NowreadthequestionsinthetableofEx4toassessyourownwriting,revisingandmakingcorrectionsifnecessary.
Aftertheyhavefinishedwriting,letthemassesstheirownwritingsandtheirpartners’accordingtothetableinEx4.ThisactivitywillhelptheSstofindtheirproblemsandimprovetheirwritingability.
附件
文化背景知识
Oceanicseahorse
Fragileandmystical,theoceanicseahorse(Hippocampuskuda)isprobablywhatyouseewhenyoucloseyoureyesandthinkofseahorses.Whilenotthemostexoticspeciesofseahorse,itisaclassicrepresentationofabeautifulandfascinatingfish.You’llseemanytypesofseahorsesatShedd.
Oceanicseahorsesmaybeyellow,deepred,brown,orblackandmaybeblotchedorbanded.Theycanreachabout7inchesinadulthood.Theoceanicseahorseisalsoknownasthecommonseahorse,butthesadtruthisthatallseahorsesarebecominglessandlesscommon.Andit’spreciselytheirethereal,otherworldlycharmthathasgottenthemintotrouble.
We’vebeenenchantedbythesecreaturesformillennia.FrompractitionersofancientChinesemedicinetotouristsinFlorida,we’vebelievedtheirmagicgaveuswondrousthings—arthritiscures,loveelixirs,evenkeychains.
Now,becauseofthat,theyfaceahighriskofextinctioninthewild.Seahorsescannotproduceenoughoffspringtoreplacethehugenumbersfishedformedicines,petsandsouvenirs.Thereareseveralreasonsforthis.First,theyaremonogamous,andifoneofthepairiscaptured,itcantakealongtimefortheremainingpartnertomateagain.Second,thestrikingringedarmorthatprotectsseahorsesfrommanypredatorsdoesnotdevelopuntilthey’readultssoperhapsonlytwoinathousandjuvenileseahorsesreachadulthood.

GreenSeaTurtle—Characteristics
Name
GreenSeaTurtlesgettheirnamefromthecoloroftheirbodyfat,whichisgreenfromthealgaeorgrassestheyeat.TheHawaiianGreenSeaTurtlepopulation,isknownbyitsHawaiiannameHonu
History
GreenSeaTurtlesarereptileswhoseancestorsevolvedonlandandreturnedtotheseatolive.ThefirstturtlesappearedduringtheTriassicperiod,245to208millionyearsago.FossilsfortheearliestknownseaturtlesappearintheLateJurassicperiod,208to144millionyearsago.Turtlesareoneofthefewspeciesthatwatchedthedinosaursevolveandbecomeextinct.

Asreptiles,seaturtlespossessthefollowingtraits:
*Theyarecold-blooded,meaningtheygettheir
bodyheatfromtheenvironment.
*Theybreatheair.
*Theirskinisscale
Status
Now,scientistsrecognizesevenspeciesofthesemarinereptiles.Therecognizedseaturtlespeciesareasfollows:Greens,Hawksbill,Kemp’sRidley,OliveRidley,Loggerhead,FlatbackandLeatherback.TheLoggerheadSeaTurtleislistedasthreatened,theFlatbackislistedasvulnerable,andallotherspeciesarelistedasendangered.GreenSeaTurtlepopulationsofHawaiiarethreatenedandprotectedinHawaiiunderstatelaw.PopulationsofGreenSeaTurtlesoffthecoastofFloridaandthePacificcoastofMexicoarelistedasendangered.GreenSeaTurtlesareprotectedbythefederalEndangeredSpeciesAct,andlistedundertheConventiononInternationalTradeofEndangeredSpecies(CITES).CITESmakesitillegaltoimportorexportturtleproducts.
Shell
Inadditiontotheirreptiliantraits,allspeciesofturtlesexcepttheLeatherbackhaveevolvedabonyoutershell,whichprotectsthemfrompredators.TheLeatherbackistheonlysoft-shelledseaturtleandisinafamilybyitself.Theshellcoversthedorsal(back)andventral(belly)surfacesofaseaturtle.Thedorsalportionoftheshellisthecarapaceandiscoveredwithscale-likestructurescalledscutes,whiletheventralportionoftheshellisknownastheplastron.Expertscanidentifyspeciesofseaturtlesbythenumberandpatternofscutesonthecarapace.Theshellisconsideredthemosthighlydevelopedprotectivearmorofanyvertebratespecies.Whilemostlandturtlescanretracttheirheadsintotheirshellsforaddedprotection,seaturtlescannotandtheirheadsremainoutatalltimes.
Color
GreenSeaTurtleshavegreenflesh.Thecarapaceisolivebrowntoblack,whiletheplastronispaleyellowtocreamywhite.Thecarapaceismolted,variegatedincolor.RarelywillyoufindaGreenSeaTurtlewithasolidcoloredshell.Counter-shadingoftheshellconcealstheturtlefrompredators,makingitdifficulttodistinguishthedarkcarapacefromtheseafloorandthelightplastronfromthelightersky.
Size
GreenSeaTurtlesashatchlingsweighaboutanounceandhaveacarapacelengthof2inches.Asexuallymaturegreenseaturtleweighs200-350poundswithacarapacelengthof2.5feet.Adultsgrowtoacarapacelengthof3.5feetandweighanaverageof400pounds.OneofthelargestturtlesthateverlivedfromtheLateCretaceausperiod,144to65millionyearsago,reachedalengthof9.8-13feet.
Lifespan
Thelifespanofseaturtlesisnotknown.ItisbelievedthatGreenSeaTurtlesreachsexualmaturityaroundtheageof25yearsandcanliveupto80yearsofage.Thelongperiodofmaturationhelpstoexplainwhyittakesturtlessomanyyearstorecoverfromapopulationdecline.
Shape
Seaturtlesarewonderfullyadaptedtolifeintheocean.Theirshellsarelighterandmorestreamlinedthanlandturtles.Frontandrearlimbshaveevolvedintoflippers.Theseflippersmakeseaturtlesefficientandgracefulswimmers,capableofswimminglongdistancesinashorttime.