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小树死因调查报告教学设计

发表时间:2021-05-06

中学生的视力情况调查教学案。

教案课件是每个老师工作中上课需要准备的东西,大家在细心筹备教案课件中。必须要写好了教案课件计划,新的工作才会如鱼得水!你们知道多少范文适合教案课件?为了让您在使用时更加简单方便,下面是小编整理的“中学生的视力情况调查教学案”,希望能对您有所帮助,请收藏。

南沙初中初三数学教学案

教学内容:8.2中学生的视力情况调查

课型:新授学生姓名:________

学习目标:(1)能设计适当的调查方案,通过调查问卷进行数据的收集,并进行整理分析数据;

(2)了解普查的局限性和抽样调查的必要性;

(3)了解简单随机抽样,能用简单随机抽样方法抽取样本。

学习过程:

一、阅读课本P70,回答下列问题:

㈠调查问卷通常包括______________、____________、_______________三个部分构成。

㈡调查问卷时,注意点是:设计问题应_____________,提出的问题不能_____________,供选择的答案应_________________。

㈢练习:

1、下面设计的三个问题,哪个更合适?________

①你每天看电视吗?②你平均每天看电视的时间:A.不超过0.5hB.0.5~1hC.1h以上

③你平均每天看多长时间的电视?

2、某班班长就全班同学的学习习惯进行了一次调查,他向同学询问以下三个问题:

(1)你每天用多少时间来做作业?

(2)你上课认真听讲吗?

(3)你抄其他同学的作业吗?

说说他的调查中存在的问题。

二、阅读课本P71-73,回答下列问题:

㈠调查方式一般分为__________、___________两种。

㈡抽样调查是指____________________________________________________________________.

㈢为了一定的目的而对考察对象进行全面调查,称为_____________。

㈣为了获得较为准确的调查结果,抽样时要注意样本的_________、___________、___________。同时要注意样本容量要___________。

注:在统计里,我们通常是从总体中抽取一个样本,然后根据样本的某种特性去估计总体的相应特征。

㈤练习:

1、为了解我校八年级800名学生期中数学考试情况,从中抽取了200名学生的数学成绩进行统计。下列判断:①这种调查方式是抽样调查;②800名学生是总体;③每名学生的数学成绩是个体;④200名学生是总体的一个样本;其中正确的判断有__________。

2、(2007安徽)下列调查工作需采用的普查方式的是()

A.环保部门对淮河某段水域的水污染情况的调查

B.电视台对正在播出的某电视节目收视率的调查

C.质检部门对各厂家生产的电池使用寿命的调查

D.企业在给职工做工作服前进行的尺寸大小的调查

3、判断下面这些抽样调查选取样本的方法是否合适,并说明理由。

(1)为了了解某地区老年人的健康状况,调查了医院里100名老年病人1年生病的次数;

(2)某方便面厂家为了了解产品质量情况,在其生产线上每隔100包抽取1包检查;

(3)为了了解某城市的空气污染指数,随机调查该城市某个月的空气污染情况;

(4)为了了我校900多名学生的视力情况,从初一学生中随机抽取了20名学生检查。

三、阅读课本P74,回答下列问题:

㈠抽样调查的一般方法为:_____________、____________________________。

㈡简单的随机抽样:________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________.

注:(1)抽签法简便易行,当总体的个数不多时,宜采用这种方法进行简单随机抽样;

(2)当总体容量很大时,我们可以采用科学计算器(或计算机)产生随机数的方法进行简单的随机抽样。

四、例题:

1、为了解某校九年级学生体育测试成绩情况,现从中随机抽取部分学生的体育成绩统计如下,其中右侧扇形统计图中的圆心角为.

体育成绩统计表体育成绩统计图

体育成绩(分)人数(人)百分比(%)

26816

2724

2815

29m

30

根据上面提供的信息,回答下列问题:

(1)写出样本容量,的值及抽取部分学生体育成绩的中位数;

(2)已知该校九年级共有500名学生,如果体育成绩达28分以上(含28分)为优秀,请估计该校九年级学生体育成绩达到优秀的总人数.

2、(09铁岭市)某市开展了党员干部“一帮一扶贫”活动.为了解贫困群众对帮扶情况的满意程度,有关部门在该市所管辖的两个区内,分别随机抽取了若干名贫困群众进行问卷调查.根据收集的信息进行了统计,并绘制了下面尚不完整的统计图.已知在甲区所调查的贫困群众中,非常满意的人数占甲区所调查的总人数的35%.根据统计图所提供的信息解答下列问题:

(1)甲区参加问卷调查的贫困群众有人;

(2)请将统计图补充完整;

(3)小红说:“因为甲区有30人不满意,乙区有40人不满意,所以甲区的不满意率比乙区低.”你认为这种说法正确吗?为什么?

四、小结

五、课堂作业(见作业纸70)

南沙初中初三数学课堂作业(70)

(命题:王丽霞审核:王银龙)

班级__________姓名___________学号_________得分_________

1、调查收集数据时,一般要设计调查问卷,设计的调查问卷中应有()

A.调查的问题和调查的对象B.调查的目的和调查的内容

C.调查的方法D.以上内容都应具备

2、(09漳州)要调查某校九年级550名学生周日的睡眠时间,下列调查对象选取最合适的是()

A.选取该校一个班级的学生B.选取该校50名男生

C.选取该校50名女生D.随机选取该校50名九年级学生

3、为了估计湖里有多少条鱼,先从湖里捕捞100条鱼都作上标记,然后放回湖中去,经过一段时间,待有标记的鱼完全混合于鱼群后,第2次再捕捞100条鱼,发现其中10条有标记,那么你估计湖里大约有鱼()

A.500条B.600条C.800条D.1000条

4、下列调查适合用普查的是_____________(填序号)

①一户人家每年丢弃多少隔塑料袋;②世界上还幸存多少头大熊猫;③电视台为了了解某节目在本市的收视率;④检查一批精度要求非常高的零件的尺寸;⑤日光灯管厂要检测一批灯管的使用寿命⑥对甲型H1N1流感患者的同一车厢的乘客进行医学检查。

5、(09年天津市)为了解某新品种黄瓜的生长情况,抽查了部分

黄瓜株上长出的黄瓜根数,得到下面的条形图,观察该图,可

知共抽查了________株黄瓜,并可估计出这个新品种黄瓜平均

每株结________根黄瓜.

6、判断下面这些抽样调查选取样本的方法是否合适,并说明理由。

(1)为了调查一个省的环境污染情况,调查省会城市的环境污染情况;

_________________________________________________________________________________

(2)一手表厂欲了解6—11岁少年儿童戴手表的比例,周末来到一家业余艺术学校调查200名在那里学习的学生;

_________________________________________________________________________________

7.一则广告说:据调查,使用本厂牙膏可以使蛀牙率减少20%,

并以图示意其调查得到的数据,你怎样看待这则广告?

8.以下是来自媒体的信息,谈谈你读了之后有什么想法?

(1)某报社记者于2004年8月7日晚在2004年亚洲杯决赛现场北京工人体育场调查了2000名观众,调查数据显示:91%的中国人爱看中超联赛.

(2)某医院自办的小报刊载:由于98%的人认为目前医药费用比较合理,因此目前医院各项收费总体而言是合理的.(数据来源于对该市所有医院的医务人员的一项问卷调查)

课后探究:

1.为了了解全班同学的体重情况,小明了解与自己座位相近的几个同学;小丽了解和自己经常在一起玩的好朋友;小亮印制了一份调查表分发给他所在组的同学,然后根据得到的信息进行分析。这三个人中,做法好的是()

A.小亮B.小丽C.小明D.三个人的做法一样,没有什么区别

2.为了了解八年级学生某填的课外作业情况,小明随机问了三个同学做课外作业所用的时间分别为2,1.5,2.5小时,由此判断出这填的课外作业平均需要2小时,小明的判断是否准确。

答:理由:______________________________________________________________

3.为了解某校八年级女生的体重情况,某同学先随机把所有女生编号,然后抽取了个位数是5的所有女生称重。他的做法是否合理。答:;由此能不能估计全市八年级女生的体重情况,答:。

4.“五一”黄金周期间,某同学统计了到某公园旅游人数如下(单位:万人):3.5,4,4.4,4,4.5,3.6,4;由此预测五月份到公园旅游的人数约是124万人。他的预测合理吗?

答:,理由是。

5.小明就本班同学的学习习惯进行一次调查,他设计了以下三个问题;

(1)每天你有多少时间来做作业?(2)你上课认真听讲吗?(3)你抄袭别人作业吗?

说说他的调查中存在的问题和你的建议.

6.某校为了了解全校2000名学生的课外阅读情况,在全校范围内随机调查了50名学生,得到他们在某一天各自课外阅读所用时间的数据,将结果绘制成频数分布直方图(如图所示)。

(1)这50名学生在这一天课外阅读所用时间的众数是多少?

(2)这50名学生在这一天平均每人的课外阅读所用时间是多少?

(3)请你根据以上调查,估计全校学生中在这一天课外阅读所用

时间在1.0小时以上(含1.0小时)的有多少人?

7.某公司对应聘者A、B、C、D进行面试,并按三个方面给应聘者打分,最后打分结果如表所示,如果你是人事主管,应录用哪一位应聘者?

满分ABCD

专业知识2014181616

工作经验2016161416

仪表形象2012111414

[分析]甲同学说:看谁的总分高就录用谁。通过计算可以发现D的总分最高,应被录用。

这时乙同学说:我有不同意见。三个方面满分都是20分,但按理这三个方面的重要性应该有所不同,比如专业知识就应该比仪表形象更重要。

讨论:假设上述三个方面的重要性之比为6:3:1,那么应该录用谁呢?

相关推荐

中学生英语学习常见错误一览表?3


E
?
each?
[误]Everyofthemhashishabit.?
[正]Eachofthemhashishabit.?
[析]each可以作形容词,但也可作代词,而every只能作形容词。?
[误]ThemanagercomestoAmericaalmosteachmonth.?
[正]ThemanagercomestoAmericaalmosteverymonth.?
[析]each与every都作形容词讲时,都有"每个"之意,但有不同。each多指个体,而every则多指整体。如:Wewanteverystudenttosucceed.each不同来表达总体概念,所以不能与almost,nearly,likely等词连用。?
[误]Weeachhasabook.?
[正]Weeachhaveabook.?
[析]each作同位语时,其数应与其同位的名词相同,而each作主语时则应取其单数形式。?
eachotheroneanother?
eachother与oneanother这两个词组的区别在很多语法书中强调eachother是两者之间,而oneanother是多者之间,其实不然,如:Allstudentsmustcareforeachother,mustloveandhelpeachother.事实上这两个词组是同义的,如果要讲有什么区别的话,当我们非常笼统地谈,而不特指什么人时,多用oneanother.?
early?
[误]Couldyoucomeheremoreearly??
[正]Couldyoucomehereearlier??
[析]单音节和少数双音节副词的比较级和最高级要用?er和?est来作其结尾,如fast,soon,early,hard,long,near等。?
earth?
[误]Whatontheearthdoyoumean??
[正]Whatonearthdoyoumean??
[析]onearth这一词组在句中为的是加强语气,其意为"究竟"、"到底"。而作为"地球"讲时则要加定冠词,如:Howfaristheearthfromthemoon.而作为"泥土"讲时则为不可数名词,如:Hefilledthepotwithearthandwantedtoplantsomeflowers.?
easy?
[误]Youcaneasyimaginemysurprise.?
[正]Youcaneasilyimaginemysurprise.?
[析]easy只在有限的词组中被用作副词,如takeiteasy(不要紧张),goeasy,standeasy等。例如:Easycome,easygo.(钱来的容易花的也快.)Easiersaidthandone.(说的容易做着难。)?
east?
[误]JapanisontheeastofChina.?
[正]JapanistotheeastofChina.?
[析]在讲述地理位置时,有3个介词常用,它们是in,on和to,其中in表示处于所表达的范围之内,如:ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.on则表示双方接壤,如:NorthKoreaisonthenortheastofChina.而表示互不相接的两部分时则用to,如:TaiwanistotheeastofFujian.?
either?
[误]-Idontlikeopera.
?-Idontliketoo.?
[正]-Idontlikeopera.
?-Idontlikeeither.?
[析]在否定句中用either表示"也",而在肯定句中用too表示"也"。?
[误]EitheryouorIareright.?
[正]EitheryouorIamright.?
[析]这在语法书中被称作就近原则,即哪个主语离谓语动词近,则应采用与哪个主语相一致的谓语动词,相同用法的还有neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,以及or在连接两个主语时。如:Youorheistogohome.Theotherswillhavetostayintheclassroom.?
elder?
[误]MyolderbrotherhasgonetoShanghai.?
[正]MyelderbrotherhasgonetoShanghai.?
[析]在表示兄姐的长幼时应用elder表示"哥哥姐姐",如:myeldersister姐姐,但表示岁数时则多用older,如:SheistwoyearsolderthanI.?
empty?
[误]Aretheseseatsempty??
[正]Aretheseseatstaken??
[析]empty是指空洞的没有任何物体,如:Thehousewasempty,其意思是没有任何家具或屋内无人。但座位是否有人坐应用take.?
English?
[误]MysisterstudiedEnglishlanguageverywell.?
[正]MysisterstudiedtheEnglishlanguageverywell.?
[正]MysisterstudiedEnglishverywell.?
[析]在泛指某一种学科时,不应加冠词,如:Ilikehistory.但如特指某一门学科时则应加冠词,如:HelikesthehistoryofAmerica.?
enjoy?
[误]Ienjoytoplayfootball.?
[正]Ienjoyplayingfootball.?
[析]enjoy后要接动名词,而不接不定式。?
[误]DidyouenjoyattheEnglishevening??
[正]DidyouenjoyyourselfattheEnglishevening??
enough?
[误]Imsorry.Youarenotstudyingenoughcarefully.?
[正]Imsorry.Youarenotstudyingcarefullyenough.?
[析]enough要用在形容词或副词之后。?
[误]Doyouhaveenoughofmoney??
[正]Doyouhaveenoughmoney??
[正]Doyouhaveenoughofthemoney??
[误]Thecoffeeisntenough.?
[正]Thereisntenoughcoffee.?
[析]enough可以作be动词的表语,但其主语应是代词,如:Thatsenough.Itwas?enough.?如果是名词时应换用上面的句型。?
entrance?
[误]Theentranceofthecinemaisonyourright.?
[正]Theentrancetothecinemaisonyourright.?
[析]在表示通往某处时entrance后面多用to作介词。这样的用法还有keytothedoor,answertothequestion等。?
evening?
[误]Iwalkedhomeinacoldevening.?
[正]Iwalkedhomeonacoldevening.?
[析]intheevening这一词组如加上另外的修饰词则其介词应换为on.?
everyone?
[误]Everyoneofyougoestoclass.?
[正]Everyoneofyougoestoclass.?
[析]everyone其后不能接of结构。在否定句中如果要讲"每一个人都没有注意到它",就译作:Nobodynoticedit.要注意Everyoneofusisnotright.应译为"我们不都对。"而Noneofusareright.才应译为"我们全错了。"?
exam?
[误]Wetakepartinanexam.?
[正]Wetakeanexam.?
[析]takepartin为"参加"某种活动,运动,而在学科中选择某一学科学习并进行考试应用take.?
except?
[误]Theroomiscleanexcepttwodesks.?
[正]Theroomiscleanexceptfortwodesks.?
[误]IcomehereeverydayexceptforSunday.?
[正]IcomehereeverydayexceptSunday.?
[析]在同一类物体中排除某一部分用except,在不同类物体中排除某一物体时用exceptfor。而exceptthat其后接从句,如:Sheisagoodgirlexceptthatsheiscarelesssometimes.?而besides则是"包括在内",如"我学习英语同时还学法语。"应译为:IstudyEnglishbesidesFrench.?
exercise?
[误]ThestudentsexercisespokenEnglishinthemorning.?
[正]ThestudentspractisespokenEnglishinthemorning.?
[析]exercise多指运动、训练,而practise则多指把理论付诸于实践的练习。?
[误]Everyoneshoulddoexerciseseveryday.?
[正]Everyoneshoulddoexerciseeveryday.?
[析]作为运动讲exercise是不可数名词,而当"练习"、"体操"、"早操"则是可数名词,例如:IdoalotexercisesintheP.E.class.?
F?
fail?
[误]Tomfailedhisexam.?
[正]Tomfailedinhisexam.?
[正]Tomfailedtopasstheexam.?
[析]fail为不及物动词,其后可用in加名词,或直接接不定式。?
family?
[误]ImsorryIhavetogo.Tomsfamiliesarewaitingforme.?
[误]ImsorryIhavetogo.Tomsfamilyiswaitingforme.?
[正]ImsorryIhavetogo.Tomsfamilyarewaitingforme.?
[析]family是集合名词,把它当作整体看它是单数,如看作家庭中的每个成员则为复数。如:Yourfamilyareverykindtome.Myfamilyisverylarge.?
far?
[误]Myschoolistenmilesfarfromhere.?
[正]Myschoolistenmilesawayfromhere.?
[析]far一般不与实际距离连用。?
[误]"Didyouwalkfar?"
?"Yes,Iwalkedfar."?
[正]"Didyouwalkfar?"
?"Yes,Iwalkedalongway."?
[析]一般肯定句中不用far单独作状语,而用alongway.far组成的常用词组有:asfaras.①远至,一直到。如:Hewalkedasfarasthestation.②就……而言。如:Asfarashewasconcernedthesebookswereverygood.③只要。如:IcanhelpyouasfarasIcan.?sofor到目前为止。例:Heisverywellsofar.?
fartherfurther?
far有两个比较级,即farther和further,其意思略有不同:farther主要用于表示距离的远近,如:MilanisfartherawaythanRome.而further则是指"进一步的",如:Willweneedanyfurtherdiscussiononthismatter.?
fast?
[误]Afasttrainrunsfastly.?
[正]Afasttrainrunsfast.?
[析]fast其形容词与副词形式相同。?
fastsoon?
fast指行动本身的速度快,如:Theforeignerspeakstoofast.而soon则多指两个动作之间间隔短,时间到来的迅速,如:Shewillcomesoon.?
feel?
[误]Ifeelbadlyaboutmymistakes.?
[正]Ifeelbadaboutmymistakes.?
[析]感观动词如feel,smell等后面要接形容词而不是副词。feelgood是指某人精神好,而feelwell是指人身体状况良好。?
[误]Itrynottohurtherfeeling.?
[正]Itrynottohurtherfeelings.?
[析]feeling在作"感情"讲时要用复数,而作"感觉"讲则要用单数。如:Ihaveafeelingthatwewillwinthegame.?
few?
[误]Fewofthemisverygood.?
[正]Fewofthemareverygood.?
[析]few意为"几乎没有",但要用复数谓语动词。如果讲有一些人应用afew,如:Therewereonlyafewpeopleinthestreet.?
[误]Therearelessfarmsthanthereusedtobe.?
[正]Therearefewerfarmsthanthereusedtobe.?
[析]few的比较级为fewer,其后接可数名词;而little的比较级为less,其后接不可数名词。?
field?
[误]Heisafamousscientistonthefieldofphysics.?
[正]Heisafamousscientistinthefieldofphysics.?
[析]inthefield是"在田野上"或是"在某一学科领域内",而onthefield则多指"在战场上"。如:Helosthislifeonthebattlefield.?
fill?
[误]Shefilledorangeintomyglass.?
[正]Shefilledmyglasswithorange.?
[析]表示要用某种物品装满某容器时要用fillwith词组,如:Theboyranbackhomefilledwithjoy.?
fillfull?
fill是动词,但有及物与不及物两种用法,当表示"充满"之意时是不及物动词,应用fillwith,如:Thelittlegirlseyesfilledwithtears.而当表示"使……装满某物"时,是及物动词,如:Hefilledhispocketwithbooks.而befilledwith应看作系表结构,如:Theboysmotherwasfilledwithanger.full是形容词,要用befullof这一词组,如:Theboywasfullofjoy.?
find?
[误]Hehasfindedhislostbike.?
[正]Hehasfoundhislostbike.?
[析]find是不规则动词,其过去式和过去分词均是found。但found一词又意为"建立",它是规则动词,其过去式及过去分词均为founded.?
[误]Itisverydifficulttolookforasuitablejob.?
[正]Itisverydifficulttofindasuitablejob.?
[析]lookfor为"寻找",而find是找到。寻找工作并不难,难的应是找到合适的工作。?
findfindout?
findout意为"找出、算出、发现",如:Ihavefoundouthowtodoit.而find的主要侧重点在找到某物,如:Ifindmybookunderthedesk.?
finish?
[误]Ifinishedtoreadthatbooklastnight.?
[正]Ifinishedreadingthatbooklastnight.?
[析]英文中有些动词其后只能用动名词作宾语而不能用不定式作宾语,这样的动词在中考范围内有两个,即finish和enjoy。?
fire?
[误]Theresnosmokewithoutafire.?
[正]Theresnosmokewithoutfire.?
[析]此句应译为中文"无风不起浪"。fire作为物质名词"火"讲时为不可数名词,而作为"炉火"、"火灾"讲则是可数名词,如:Therewasafireinthenextstreetlastmonth.如要讲"着火了"要用beonfire,如:Thefactorywas
onfire.?
[误]Themanfiredtous.?
[正]Themanfiredatus.?
[析]fire(on)at均指"向某目标开火",at用于较小目标,而on用于较大目标。?
first?
[误]IsthisyourfirstlyvisittoBeijing??
[正]IsthisyourfirstvisittoBeijing??
[析]除了在强调第一、第二、第三等场合中有时还可见firstly一词外,这个词已不多见,而均被first取代。first还有"首先"、"首次"、"第一次"之意。
?
follow?
[误]Ireceivedaletterwhichranasfollow.?
[正]Ireceivedaletterwhichranasfollows.?
[析]asfollows是惯用法,其意为"如下",不论在任何场合均要用follows.?
[误]Asfollowsarehisarguments.?
[正]Thefollowingarehisarguments.?
[析]asfollows主要用于句尾,而thefollowing则用于句首。?
food?
[误]Toomuchsweetfood,suchascakes,chocolates,pastry…mayincreaseyourweight.?
[正]Toomanyfoods,suchascakes,chocolates,pastry…mayincreaseyourweight.
[析]food泛指食物时为不可数名词,如:Thereisnofoodforsupper.而指一种种食物时则用作可数名词。?
foot?
[误]Thereisafive?feet?widebridge.?
[正]Thereisafive?foot?widebridge.?
[析]用连字符组成的形容词中所有名词均要用单数形式。?
[误]Wewenttocollegeonfeet.?
[正]Wewenttocollegeonfoot.?
[析]by后面加接交通工具时,不应加任何冠词,不要用名词的复数形式。如加了某些修饰词后,其前面的介词要作适当的改变,如:Icametoschoolinhiscaryesterday.Igotoshoolonatrain.?
for?
[误]Iwantedtogotothepubforhavingadrink.?
[正]Iwantedtogotothepubforadrink.?
[正]Iwantedtogotothepubtohaveadrink.?
[析]用for表示目的时,其后面只能接名词,而不要接动名词。?
[误]Iwenttotheofficeforseeingtheheadmaster.?
[正]Iwenttotheofficetoseetheheadmaster.?
[析]用不定式来表示动作的目的。?
[误]IwillleaveBeijingtoShanghai.?
[正]IwillleaveBeijingforShanghai.?
[正]IwillleaveforShanghai.?
[析]leavefor为一固定搭配,不要改动。?
[误]Iboughtabooktoyou.?
[正]Iboughtabookforyou.?
[误]Heisafriendforus.?
[正]Heisafriendtous.?
[析]在英文中"为"一词在泛指时用to,在特指时要用for.?
[误]Thisfoodisgoodtous.?
[正]Thisfoodisgoodforus.?
[析]词组begood(bad)for表示"对……有好(坏)处"。?
[误]ForIwasfeelingquitehungry,Iwantedtohavelunch.?
[正]Iwantedtohavelunch,forIwasfeelingquitehungry.?
[析]for作为"因为"讲时一般不要置于句首,而且口气也比because弱的多。?
forget?
[误]Ileftmykey.?
[正]Ileftmykeyathome.?
[正]Iforgotmykey.?
[析]leave是"丢下"之意,所以一定要接地点状语,而forget是"忘记",所以不用接地点状语。?
[误]Iwillnotforgettherules.?
[正]Iwillneverforgettherules.?
[误]Pleasedontforgetpostingmyletteronyourwayhome.?
[正]Pleasedontforgettopostmyletteronyourwayhome.?
[析]要注意forgettodosomething为"忘了去作某事",而forgetdoingsomething则应译为"对已经作过的事记不起来了"。如:Heforgetreturningthebooktothelibrary.应译为"他忘记已把书还给图书馆这件事了。"同样用法的词还有remember和regret.?
free?
[误]Youcanspeakfreeinfrontofmyparents.?
[正]Youcanspeakfreelyinfrontofmyparents.?
[析]free作为副词时意为"免费"、"不必付款",如:Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurant.而freely则意为"自由地"、"无限制地"。?
French?
[误]ShecomesfromFrench.?
[正]ShecomesfromFrance.?
[析]French是"法语"、"法国的",而France才是"法国"。
?
friend?
[误]Henoddedtomefriendly.?
[正]Henoddedtomeinafriendlyfashion.?
[析]friendly是形容词,不是副词。在英语中应避免讲Heisafriendofmymother.又比如:Igotoschoolwithmyfriend.从语法上讲是对的但不是习惯上英语的说法。而应讲Heisafriendofmymothers.Igotoschoolwithafriend.befriendswith则是"交朋友"之意,例如:Ihopeyouwillbefriendswithme.而不应讲Ihopeyouwillbemyfriend.交朋友还有一惯用法是makefriends.?
from?
[误]Wheredoyoucomefrom??Icomefromthelibrary.?
[正]Wheredoyoucomefrom??IcomefromEngland.?
[正]Wheredidyoucomefrom??Icamefromthelibrary.?
[析]Wheredoyoucomefrom?应意为"你是从什么国家(地方)来的?"(即意为"你是哪的人?")而Wheredidyoucomefrom?才是"你刚刚从哪来?"?
front?
[误]Therearethreetalltreesinthefrontofmyhouse.?
[正]Therearethreetalltreesinfrontofmyhouse.?
[析]infrontof是某物体外部的前面,而inthefrontof是在某物体内部的前面。如:Thebusdriverisseatedinthefrontofthebus.?
G?
game?
[误]HewenttoAmericatotakepartintheOlympicGame.?
[正]HewenttoAmericatotakepartintheOlympicGames.?
[析]game作为"运动会"讲时应用其复数形式,而具体一个游戏则可用其单数形式。如:Ourschoolteamwonthegame.?
German?
[误]TheyareGermen.?
[正]TheyareGermans.?
[误]ShecomesfromGerman.?
[正]ShecomesfromGermany.?
[析]German是"德国人"、"德国的"、"德语",其复数形式是Germans;而Germany才是德国。?
gather?
[误]Allthestudentsandteachersaregatheredtogethernow.?
[正]Allthestudentsandteachersaregatherednow.?
[析]用了动词gather就不要再用together了。这句话还可以这样讲:Allthestudentsandteachersgottogether.?
give?
[误]Shegivesuptolookforthelostbike.?
[正]Shegivesuplookingforthelostbike.?
[析]giveup意为"放弃",其后只接动名词作介词宾语,而不应接不定式。
?
glad?
[误]Hisparentswereverygladforhissuccessinbusiness.?
[正]Hisparentswereverygladofhissuccessinbusiness.?
[正]Hisparentswereverygladtoknowhissuccessinbusiness.?
[析]"为……感到高兴"应是begladofsomething或begladtodosomething.?
glass?
[误]Theoldteacherhastwopairofbigglass.?
[正]Theoldteacherhastwopairsofbigglasses.?
[析]glass作为"眼镜"讲,应用复数形式,在英语中手套gloves裤子pants,剪刀scissors均用复数形式。glass作"玻璃杯"讲时则可用单数形式或复数形式,如:Iwanttwoglassesofmilk.而作为物质名词"玻璃"讲则要用作不可数名词,如:Theboybroketwopanesofglass.?
go?
[误]-Mary,couldyoucometomyhomenow??-Yes,Imgoing.?
[正]-Mary,couldyoucometomyhomenow??
-Yes,Imcoming.?
[析]go是指离开说话人所在地,而come指的是朝向说话人的方向:如:Comehere!CanIcomeandhelpyou?但在口语中也有一些例外,如表示要参加到某人或者某件活动时常用come,如:Wearegoingtohaveapartytonight.Wouldyouliketocomewithus??
gonebeen?
HehasgonetoShanghai.指此人已去上海不在此地了。?
HehasbeentoShanghai.指此人去过上海现已回来了。?
gold?
[误]Shebrushedhergoldhaircarefully.?
[正]Shebrushedhergoldenhaircarefully.?
[析]gold作形容词指"金质的",如:agoldring,agoldcoin,而golden是"金色的",如:goldenage(金色的时代),但"金鱼"例外,为goldfish。
?
good?
[误]Ivebeenwaitingforgoodtwentyminutes.?
[正]Ivebeenwaitingforagoodtwentyminutes.?
[析]agood之意为"足足"、"整整"之意。?
goodwell?
Heisgood.应译为"他是个好人。"而Heiswell.应译为"他身体不错。"Ifeelgood.即精神状态良好,而Ifeelwell.即身体状况不错。?
[误]Thisfoodisverygoodtoyou.?
[正]Thisfoodisverygoodforyou.?
[析]begoodfor是"对……有利、有好处",而begoodto是指"对待某人不错",如:Yourfriendisverygoodtome.?
grade?
[误]-Whatgradeareyouin??-Imingrade1.?
[正]-Whatgradeareyouin??-IminGread1.?
[析]当泛指那一年级时grade的头一个字母小写,当有具体数字时则要大写。?
H?
hadbetter?
[误]Youhavebetterhurry.?
[正]Youhadbetterhurry.?
[析]hadbetter只用过去时had,不要误用成现在时have。?
[误]Youhadntbetterworry.?
[正]Youhadbetternotworry.?
[析]hadbetter后面加不带to的不定式,其否定式是"hadbetternot+动词原形"。?
half?
[误]Ihaddrivenabouthalfmile.?
[正]Ihaddrivenabouthalfamile.?
[析]"半小时"有两种讲法halfanhour,ahalfhour.而"一个半小时"应讲anhourandahalf或oneandahalfhours."半天"应讲halfaday,"半镑"应讲halfapound.但要尽量避免使用halfayear,而应用sixmonths;不用halfamonth,而用twoweeks或fifteendays.?
[误]Halfuscouldgotothepark.?
[正]Halfofuscouldgotothepark.?
[析]half用于名词前可用of结构也可不用of结构,但用于代词前则必须加of。如:Morethanhalf(of)myclassmatesareboys.?
[误]Oneandhalfapplesareleftonthetable.?
[正]Oneandhalfapplesisleftonthetable.?
[析]一个半oneandhalf后面的名词要用复数,而句中的谓语动词却要用单数。?
[误]Halfoftheworkaredone.?
[正]Halfoftheworkisdone.?
[误]Halfofthesixapplesisred.?
[正]Halfofthesixapplesarered.?
[析]"halfof+名词"这一结构后面的谓语动词应与of后面的名词相一致,如为不可数名词或可数名词单数,要用单数谓语动词;而复数名词后面要加与复数相对应的谓语动词。?
hand?
[误]Heshookhandwithhisteacher.?
[正]Heshookhandswithhisteacher.?
[析]与某人握手要用shakehands.与hand有关的词组中有很多要用复数形式,如:changehands(转手、易手),inthehandsof(由……控制),joinhands(与人合作)。?
happen?
[误]Whatwashappenedtoyoulastmonth??
[正]Whathappenedtoyoulastmonth??
[误]Anaccidentwashappenedinthisstreetlastnight.?
[正]Anaccidenthappenedinthisstreetlastnight.?
[析]在英语中不及物动词没有被动态,作为"发生"讲的happen,takeplace和breakout都不具有被动态。happento常用来表达一件偶然发生的事,如:Ifyouhappentomeetmysisterpleaseaskhertocallme.?
hard?
[误]Ihavetostudyhardly.?
[正]Ihavetostudyhard.?
[析]hard是形容词,如:ahardwork,但它同时也是副词。hardly是hard的又一副词形式,但词意截然不同,意为"几乎不"。?
[误]Ihadmylegbrokenlastterm,soIcouldnthardlystudyatall.?
[正]IhadmylegbrokenlasttermsoIhardlystudiedatall.?
[析]hardly意为"否定",所以不要再加否定词语了,如果hardly用于句首则应采用倒装语序,如:Hardlyhadhearrivedwhenshestartedcomplaining.?
have?
[误]Ihadmyboydohishomeworkfrommorningtillnoon.?
[正]Ihadmyboydoinghishomeworkfrommorningtillnoon.?
[析]用havesomebodydosomething还是doingsomething要取决句子的意思和句中的时间状语。?
[误]Ihavemybiketorepair.?
[正]Ihavemybikerepaired.?
[析]havesomethingdone这一句型是让某事被别人去作,请看下面两句意义的不同:Ihaverepairedmybike.(我自己已修好了自行车。)而Ihavemybikerepaired.(我把车推出去让别人修理了。)?
[误]Couldyougivemesomemoneyifyouhave.?
[正]Couldyougivemesomemoneyifyouhaveany.?
[析]"如果你有的话"一句译为英文应加上any一词,如:Iwantsomebooksifthereisany.?
headache?
[误]Ivegotheadache.?
[正]Ivegotaheadache.?
[析]Headache是一个规则的可数名词,所以可以讲:Mymotheroftengetsheadaches.但是"牙痛"toothache,"肚子痛"stomache?ache等却都可以用作不可数名词,如:Ivegottoothache.但也可用作可数名词。?
hear?
[误]Hewasheardsinginthenextroom.?
[正]Hewasheardtosinginthenextroom.?
[析]hearsomebodydosomething这一句式用于被动语态时要把原来省略的不定式to还原回来。而在hearsomebodydoingsomething这一句式中则不会出现上述问题。如,主动态:Iheardhersinginginthenextroom.变为被动态时为:Shewasheardsinginginthenextroom.这种用法还适用于see,look,observe,watch,notice,listento等。?
hearlistento?
hear一词为听见了什么,或听到什么,强调其结果;而listento则强调有意要听,听的倾向。如:Iwanttolistentoyou,butIhearnothing.?
但词组hearabout(of)则为"听说过"之意,如:Iheardaboutthis.(我听说过此事。)而hearfrom则为"收到某人信件"之意:Ioftenhearfrommygirlfriend.?
help?
[误]Pleasehelpmyhomework.?
[正]Pleasehelpmedomyhomework.?
[正]Pleasehelpmewithmyhomework.?
[析]help其句型是helpsomebodydo(todo)something.意为"帮某人作某事",但在较古老的语法中不带to的不定式表示句子的主语参加这个动作,如:Hehelphismothercookthemeal.即"他和母亲一起作饭。"而Hehelpmetodomyhomework.则是"他指导我做作业"。但在现代英语中这个区别则往往被取消了。所以带to与不带to的不定式在句中意思相同,并无区别。?
[误]WhenIreadtheplayIcanthelptothinkofmychildhood.?
[正]WhenIreadtheplayIcanthelpthinkingofmychildhood.?
[析]canthelpdoingsomething是"身不由己,情不自禁做某事"。?
[误]Helpyourselfwithsomecakes.?
[正]Helpyourselftosomecakes.?
[析]中文中讲"你自己拿蛋糕吃",英文中要用helpsomebodytosomething.?
here?
[误]Herethebuscomes!?
[正]Herecomesthebus!?
[析]副词在句首时一般要用倒装语序,即谓语动词的位置前移。但是,若主语如是人称代词,则还是要用正常语序,如:Hereweare!?
high?
[误]Heisveryhigh.?
[正]Heisverytall.?
[析]英语中的两个"高"high和tall,其中tall指人指物都是可以的,但high则只指物体的高,所以可以讲Thisbuildingisthehighestbuildinginthecity.但tall一般不用来指山脉的高低。?
hit?
[误]Themothergotangryandhittheboy.?
[正]Themothergotangryandbeattheboy.?
[析]hit指打到某物之上,一般指一次性打击,如Hehithisheadagainstthewall.(他把头撞到了墙上。)而beat则指多次性的打击。?
home?
[误]Imtired.ItstimeIwenttohome.?
[正]Imtired.ItstimeIwenthome.?
[析]home此处用作副词,所以不应加to,又如:Iarrivedhomeateleventhirtyyesterdayevening.而athome除了"在家"之意外,还有像"在家里一样"之意。如Makeyourselfathome.(不要拘束就像在家一样。)?
homehousefamily?
home是指与亲人一起居住的地方,可以讲aletterfromhome,所以有人解释home包括住处和家人。而house的侧重点则在建筑物,如Manynewhouseswerebuiltthisyear.family一词,作为整体讲其谓语动词用单数,如:Herfamilyisahappyone.而作为家庭成员讲时要用复数谓语动词,如:Myfamilyarealllikeswimming.?
homgwork?
[误]Ihavesomanyhomeworktodotoday.?
[正]Ihavesomuchhomeworkgodotoday.?
[析]homework为不可数名词。同样的词还有work(work作为"著作"、"作品"、"工厂"讲时为可数名词),fun,healthinformation等。?
hope?
[误]Ihopeyoutobeagoodstudent.?
[正]Ihopeyouwillbeagoodstudent.?
[析]hope一词不能接宾语再加上宾语补足语,但它可以接不定式作宾语,如:Ihopetobeascientist.而wish却可以接宾语加宾语补足语,如:Iwishyoutobeagoodstudent.
[误]Idonthopeyouwillgototheparktomorrow.?
[正]Ihopeyouwontgototheparktomorrow.?
[析]hope和think在否定句中的用法不同,如"我认为你错了"。应译为:Idontthinkyouareright.即否定在前。而hope则不能这样用。又如在答语中"我不这样认为"应译为Idontthinkso.或Ihopenot.?
[误]Ihopeyourhelp.?
[正]Ihopeforyourhelp.?
[析]hopefor为"期望某事发生",虽然hope是及物动词,但表达期望某事情发生要用"hopefor+名词"这一结构。?
[误]Iwashopefultopasstheexam.?
[正]Iwashopefulofpassingtheexam.?
[析]对某事存有希望应用"hopefulof(about)+介词宾语"这一结构。?
hospital?
[误]Mymotherwasinthehospitalfortwoweeks.?
[正]Mymotherwasinhospitalfortwoweeks.?
[析]inhospital为"住院就医"。而in(at)thehospital为"在医院(工作)"。如:Heisadoctorin(at)thehospital.类似的用法还有很多,如:"上学"为gotoschool,atschool为"在校就读",gotobed为"上床睡觉"。?
how?
[误]Iwanttoknowhowtodo.?
[正]Iwanttoknowhowtodoit.?
[析]how是关联副词,要注意与关联代词的不同用法。如:Iwanttoknowwhattodo.
[误]Howdoyouthinkaboutit??
[正]Whatdoyouthinkaboutit??
[析]英文中表达你对某事的看法如何应用Whatdoyouthinkabout…这一句式。?
hurry?
[误]Letshurry.Thereisalittletimeleft.?
[正]Letshurry.Thereislittletimeleft.?
[误]Dontworry.Thereislittletimeleft.?
[正]Dontworry.Thereisalittletimeleft.?
[析]请注意英语中的惯用法:"快点吧,没时间了",或"别着急还有一点时间。"?
[误]Thecarishurryingthroughthestreet.?
[正]Thecarisrushingthroughtthestreet.?
[析]hurry一词只用于人而不用于物体。?
hundred?
[误]Therearetwohundredspeoplehere.?
[正]Therearetwohundredpeoplehere.?
[误]Therearehundredofpeoplehere.?
[正]Therearehundredsofpeoplehere.?
[析]hundred一词前如有数字时不论多少其后都不加?s,这和thousand(千)等数量词的用法一样,而hundredsof是数百的,这一词组一定要加?s.?
hurt?
[误]Idontwanttowoundherfeelings.?
[正]Idontwanttohurtherfeelings.?
[析]wound是指战场上的刀枪伤(名词),或用刀枪"伤害"、"打伤"(动词)。
I
if?
[误]IfitwillrainIwontgotoschooltomorrow.?
[正]IfitrainsIwontgotoschooltomorrow.?
[析]由if引起的状语从句要用一般时表示将来。?
[误]Iwanttoknowifhecomesheretomorrow.?
[正]Iwanttoknowifhewillcomeheretomorrow.?
[析]if所引起的如果是宾语从句则不能用一般现在时表示将来。?
[误]Iwanttoknowifitwillraintomorrowhewillcomeornot.?
[正]Iwanttoknowifitrainstomorrowhewillcomeornot.?
[析]这里的if从句是整个宾语从句的条件状语,所以,还应用一般时表示将来。?
ill?
[误]Hespentmanyyearslookingafterhisillfather.?
[正]Hespentmanyyearslookingafterhissickfather.?
[析]ill和sick都可以作表语,如:Imill(sick).美国英语中常用sick,而英国英语中两者都可用,但ill一般不作定语。?
in?
[误]Inacoldmorning,Iwenttoschoolalone.?
[正]Onacoldmorning,Iwenttoschoolalone.?
[析]在inthemorning或intheafternoon词组中,不论在这两个名词的前或后加任何修饰词,其介词in都要变为on.?
[误]Iwillfinishitaftertwodays.?
[正]Iwillfinishitintwodays.?
[析]中文中几天以后可以完成,或几天后来取,在译为英文时都不要用after,而要用in.如:Hewillbebackinafewdays.?
ininto?
作为副词应用in,而不能用into,如:Comein,please.又若在句中不涉及到动词的位置,只是表达空间的位置时用in,如:Theteacherintheofficeismymother.但在go,run,come,walk,dive等词后则要用into.如:Shedivesintotheriver.?
instead?
[误]Theboystayedinbedalldayinsteadtogotoschool.?
[正]Theboystayedinbedalldayinsteadofgoingtoschool.?
[析]insteadof其后要接动名词、名词或代词,而不能用不定式,如:Ichoosethisbookinsteadofthatone.?
[误]Thebeerhereisnotgood,soIdrinkwineinsteadofit.?
[正]Thebeerhereisnotgood,soIdrinkwineinstead.?
[析]instead是副词,而insteadof是介词短语。如:Ifyouarenotfree,youmaycomeanotherdayinstead.?
interest?
[误]Hehasagreatinterestforphysics.?
[正]Hehasagreatinterestinphysics.?
[误]Hehassomeinterestinmanycompanies.?
[正]Hehassomeinterestsinmanycompanies.?
[析]interest作为"兴趣"讲可用作不可数名词,但作为"利息"、"股份"讲时为可数名词。?
[误]Thisisaninterestedbook.?
[正]Thisisaninterestingbook.?
[析]修饰物时应用interesting,如,aninterestingfilm,而讲某人对某事感兴趣时要用过去分词interested,如:Iminterestedinthisplay.但"他是一个十分有趣的人"。应译为Heisaninterestingman.所以interesting是"令人感兴趣"之意,而interested则表示某人对某事物感兴趣,多用"beinterestedinsomething"这一句型。?
invent?
[误]AmericawasinventedbyChristopherColumbusin1492.?
[正]AmericawasdiscoveredbyChristopherColumbusin1492.?
[析]invent意为"发明"即从无到有,如:CompasswasinventedbytheChinesepeople.而discover则意为"发现"。?
it?
[误]Thattakesmetenyearstofinishthiswork.?
[正]Ittakesmetenyearstofinishthiswork.?
[析]it在这个句中的语法作用是形式主语,而真正的主语是句子后面的不定式。有的句子要用it作形式主语或形式宾语,如:IthinkitdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.?
J?

中学生英语学习常见错误一览表4


join?
[误]Didyouattendthefootballclub??
[正]Didyoujointhefootballclub??
[析]join经常用于参加某个团体、政党,并作为其中的一个成员;attend则重点强调出会议、到场,而不一定进行具体活动,如:Didyouattendthemeetingyesterday?而takepartin则强调参与某些具体活动或运动,如:Itakepartinthefootballgame.
?
just?
[误]Ihavefinishedmyworkjustnow.?
[正]Ifinishedmyworkjustnow.?
[析]justnow意义"刚才",所以句中的谓语动词要用过去式。?
[误]JustIwonthegame.?
[正]Ijustwonthegame.?
[析]just单独使用时不应放在句首,而应放于①be动词之后,如:Heisjustastudent.②名词与一般动词之间。③用在第一助动词之后,如:Ihavejustreturnedhome.但just与其他词组成词组时,如justnow,justthen,则可用于句首和句尾。如:Justthenhesawthebuscoming.?
justjustly?
just常用于三种含意:①恰好,如:Itsjustfiveoclock.②仅仅,相当于only,如:Ihavejustenoughmoneytobuyadictionary.③不久前,如:Ijustmissedmyoldfriend;Heleftafewminutesago.而justly其意为"公正的",如:Hewasjustlypunishedforhiscrimes.?
K?
keep?
[误]Shewaskeepingsomethingtoherfather.?
[正]Shewaskeepingsomethingfromherfather.?
[析]"对某人隐瞒某事"要用"keepsomethingfromsomebody"句型。?
[误]Hekepttorepeatthewordagainandagain.?
[正]Hekeptrepeatingthewordagainandagain.?
[析]keepdoingsomething为连续不断地做某事。有时可以与keepondoingsomething互换。它们的区别在于keepdoingsomething意为该动作一直不停地在进行中,如:Whenthetrainstarted,shekeptwavingherhand.而keepondoingsomething则表示该动作可能停停顿顿但却一直在进行中,如:Hekeptonmakingthesamemistakesingrammar.
[误]Wemustkeepupthetimes.?
[正]Wemustkeepupwiththetimes.?
[析]这句话意为"我们必须赶上时代",keepupwith是"赶上"之意,而keepup则是"坚持下去"的意思,如:Keepitup,dontstopnow!?
key?
[误]Ilostthekeyofthedoor.?
[正]Ilostthekeytothedoor.?
[析]英语中讲某某的东西一般要用of,而key,entrance,answer则多用to,如:"门的钥匙"为keytothedoor,"高速公路入口"为entrancetothehighway,"问题的答案"为theanswer(key)tothequestion.?
kind?
[误]Thiskindofbooksarenotgood.?
[正]Thiskindofbooksisnotgood.?
[析]kind在这种句式中应作为主语,如果讲Thosekindsofbooksareverygood.则是正确的。?
kindsorttype?
kind和sort为同义词,意为"种类",而type则为"型号",如:Whattypeofthiscardoyouwant?(你想要这种车的什么型号?)?
knock?
[误]Someonewasknockingthedoor.?
[正]Someonewasknockingatthedoor.?
[析]knock虽可以作及物动词,如:Thecarknockedaholeinthefence.但作"敲门"讲一定要用作不及物动词:knockat(on)thedoor.?
know?
[误]Iwanttoknowtoplaythisgame.?
[正]Iwanttoknowhowtoplaythisgame.?
[析]要注意英语中在不定式前加疑问代词或疑问副词的用法。如:Iwanttoknowhowtodoit/whattodo/whentodoit/wheretogo.?
knowknowof?
Iknowhim.为"我很了解他。"而Iknowofhim.则为"我听说过他。"同样的用法还有hear和hearof这一词组。?
L
?
large?
[误]Hefoundalargenumberofmistakeinhishomework.?
[正]Hefoundalargenumberofmistakesinhishomework.?
[析]"alargenumberof+复数名词",意为大量的。?
last?
[误]Thisisthenewestnews.?
[正]Thisisthelatestnews.?
[析]"最新消息"应为latestnews,因为最晚到的新闻才是最新消息,请注意英语与汉语的区别。?
lastthelast?
[误]Isawmybrotherthelastweek.?
[正]Isawmybrotherlastweek.?
[析]当谈到与目前有关的上月、上星期等概念时只能用lastmonth,lastweek,而不能加定冠词,thelast可用于表示一系列词的最后一个,如:ThatwasthelastChristmasIspentathome.但thelast可以用来表示持续到现在的一个长时期,如:Iambusyforthelastweek.?
late?
[误]YesterdayIwenthomelately.?
[正]YesterdayIwenthomelate.?
[析]late即可做形容词又可作副词;而lately则意为"最近的",如:Ihaventseenherlately.?
latelatterlaterlately?
late有两个比较级,指时间较晚应用later,如口语中常讲:Seeyoulater.(一会见。)而latter则指按顺序讲的后者,或靠后的,其反意词为former,如:theformerpresident(前总统)。又如:Icanunderstandthelatterpartofthestory.而lately则意为"近来"、"不久前"。?laughedatbyhisclassmates.中的at是不可省掉的。?laughover则指"笑着谈论"某事,如Welaughoverthefilm.(我们笑着谈论那个电影。)?
lay?
[误]Weliedonthebeach.?
[正]Welayonthebeach.?
[析]英文中有三个动词易混,在考试中也频频出现,它们的现在式,过去式,过去分词以及现在分词是:?
lay(?vt?.放)laidlaidlaying?
lie(?vi?.躺)laylaincying?
lie(?vi?.说谎)liedliedlying?
learn?
[误]Theteachersaid:"Youmuststudythispoembyheart."?
[正]Theteachersaid:"Youmustlearnthispoembyheart."?
[析]study与learn在作"学习"讲时,常常可以互换,但learn侧重于学习成果或初级阶段的模仿性学习,如:Thelittlebabyislearningtowalk.而study则多侧重于学习的过程,如:Imstudyingatthiscollege.而learn…byheart则是"记住"、"背诵"之意。?
leave?
[误]IllleaveBeijingtoShanghai.?
[正]IllleaveBeijingforShanghai.?
[析]leavefor一词组为"去某地",如对话中常讲IllleaveforShanghai.因所离开的地点是双方都知道的则可以省略。?
leaveforget?
[误]Iveforgottenmyhomeworkathome.?
[正]Iveforgottenmyhomework.?
[正]Iveleftmyhomeworkathome.?
[析]如果句中有地点状语则不要用forget,而要用leave.?
lesson?
[误]IhavetwolessonsofEnglish.?
[正]IhavetwoEnglishlessons.?
[正]IhavetwolessonsinEnglish.?
[析]"我有两节英语课。"这一表达法如上,但美国老师讲他有两节课时则多用"Ihavetwoclasses."?teachsomebodyalesson为"教训某人",或"要吸取教训",如:Letthisthingteachesyoualesson.?
lend?
[误]Pleaseborrowmeyourbike.?
[正]Pleaselendmeyourbike.?
[析]borrow是指"借入",如:Iwanttoborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary.lend是"借出",如:Icanlendyoumybike.而keep为"借多久":如HowlongcanIkeepit??
less?
[误]Hehasfewermoneythanshehas.?
[正]Hehaslessmoneythanshehas.?
[析]less是little的比较级,而fewer是few的比较级。要注意前者修饰不可数名词,而后者修饰可数名词。?
let?
[误]Theteacherletsthestudentscleantheclassroomasapunishment.?
[正]Theteachermakesthestudentscleantheclassroomasapunishment.?
[析]虽然let,have,make有相同的用法,但make和have含有迫使某人做某事的意思。
[误]Letsgotothepark,willyou??
[正]Letsgotothepark,shallwe??
[误]Letusgotothepark,shallwe??
[正]Letusgotothepark,willyou??
[析]Letsgo的反意疑问句是shallwe?而Letusgo的反意疑问句则是willyou??
life?
[误]ManypeoplelosttheirlifeintheSecondWorldWar.?
[正]ManyPeoplelosttheirlivesintheSecondWorldWar.?
[析]life作为"生命"、"性命"时应为可数名词;当泛指一般"生活"讲时则为不可数名词,如:Whichdoyouprefer,townlifeorcountrylife?又如:Lifeisnotallfun.?
light?
[误]Thereisadeskwithalitlamponit.?
[正]Thereisadeskwithalightedlamponit.?
[析]light有两个过去分词:lighted和lit,当用过去分词作形容词当定语时只能用lighted.?light可以用作名词,如:Themoongetsitslightfromthesun.也可以作形容词,如:Theclassroomisverylight.还可以作动词,如:Thelittlegirllitamatch.作形容词时还有"轻"、"浅"等意,如:Thisboxislight.Ilikelightblue.?
like?
[误]Mysisterisveryasme.?
[正]Mysisterisverylikeme.?
[析]as作为连词其后要接从句,如:Sheisagoodstudentashisbrotherusedtobe.而like是介词,其后接宾语。?
[误]Doyoulikeswimmingwithmetonight.?
[正]Wouldyouliketoswimwithmetonight.?
[析]like作为动词当"喜欢"讲时,其后面可接不定式也可接动名词,用不定式多表达一个一次性的动作,如:ImsorryIdontliketogoswimmingtonight.用动名词则表示一个习惯性的动作,如:Ilikeswimmingverymuch.?
likealike?
作为形容词,alike一般不作定语,而只作表语,如;Thetwinsareveryalike.?
[误]Wouldyoulikeswimmingwithus??
[正]Wouldyouliketoswimwithus??
[析]在wouldyoulike…这一句型中,其后面只能接不定式,而不能接动名词。?like的用法还要注意以下两点:①HelikesTom.为"他喜欢汤姆。"②HeislikeTom.为"他像汤姆。"第二句话的like为介词,而第一句话的like为动词。?
listen?
[误]Youshouldheartheteahcersadvice.?
[正]Youshouldlistentotheteachersadvice.?
[析]hear多侧重于听到某事或某种声音,而listento则侧重于听的倾向性。如:Welistenbuthearnothing.例句为"听取某人意见",所以只能用listentosomeonesadvice.?
little?
[误]Dontworry,thereislittletime.?
[正]Dontworry,thereisalittletime.?
[误]Thereisalittlewater.ShallIgetsome??
[正]Thereislittlewater.ShallIgetsome??
[析]要注意中英文在同一问题上的表达法是不同的。如中文"水不多了,我去取点吧。"英文要讲"没水了,我去取点吧。"?
littlesmall?
little与small是近义词,在作定语时常常可以互换,如:alittlegirl或asmallgirl,但little一般不作表语,如:Thecaroverthereissmall.一句中不要用little.作定语时little常常带有感情色彩,而small则带有对比的含义。?
live?
[误]Tomliveswithhisparentsmoney.?
[正]Tomlivesonhisparentsmoney.?
[误]Helivesonteaching.?
[正]Helivesbyteaching.?
[析]"靠吃某物为生"应用liveonsomething,而liveby是"靠某种生活手段为生"。?
livingalive?
living侧重于生活得很好,身体不错,如:Mygrandfatherisstilllivinginhiseighties.而alive则强调没有死而是活着的,如:Isthatcataliveordead??
lonely?
[误]Shewantedtodoherhomeworklonely.?
[正]Shewantedtodoherhomeworkalone.?
[析]lonely意为"寂寞的"、"孤单的",如:Theoldmanfeltlonely.alone则意为"独自的"、"单独的",如:Helivesalonebuthedoesntfeellonely.
?
long?
[误]Ihavebeenstudyinglongfortheexam.?
[正]Ihavebeenstudyingforalongtimefortheexam.?
[析]long用作表达时间的副词时,在否定句及疑问句中最常用,但在肯定句中除与so,too,as…as连用外,一般要用foralongtime.?
[误]Illcallyouaslongasthebookwillbereturned.?
[正]Illcallyouaslongasthebookisreturned.?
[析]as…as引导的状语从句中可以用一般现在时表示将来。?
[误]Howlongdoyougotoseeyourparents?Onceaweek.?
[正]Howoftendoyougotoseeyourparents?Onceaweek.?
[析]因为答语为每周一次所以问的是频率,要用howoften.
?
look?
lookforfind?
lookfor侧重于"寻找"这个动作,如:Whatareyoulookingfor?而find则侧重于结果,如:Itisverydifficulttofindajob.这里不能用lookfor,因为真正困难的是"找到"工作。?
其他用法还有:?
[例]Heoftenlooksbackonhishigh?schooldays.?
[析]lookbackonsomething为"回顾"、"回想"。?
[例]Iwishyouwouldntlookdownon(upon)thechildrenswork.?
[析]lookdownon(upon)为"看不起"某人或某事。?
[误]Imlookingforwardtoseeyou.?
[正]Imlookingforwardtoseeingyou.?
[析]lookforwardto词组中的to是介词,所以其后要加名词或动名词,不能接不定式。?
lot?
[误]Icanbuythisdictionarynow,becauseIhavegotmuchmoney.?
[正]IcanbuythisdictionarynowbecauseIhavegotalotofmoney.?
[析]muchmoney多用于疑问句与否定句中,而在肯定句中要用alotof.?lotsof与alotof之间无多大区别,两者都可以修饰可数与不可数名词,所以常常可以互换。?
[误]Heismorehappiernow.?
[正]Heisalothappiernow.?
[析]不可用more来修饰比较级,能修饰比较级的词有verymuch,alot,lots,any,no,rather,alittle,abit等。?
loudloudly?
这两个词含意相同,在日常用语中loud多与talk,speak,shout,laugh等动词连用,如:Dontspeaksoloud,youllwakethebaby.而在比较正式的场合才用loudly.?
loudaloud?
loud多指把声音放大,而aloud则指要出声不要默读。如:?-Whatdidyousay??-Oh,nothing,Iwasjustthinkaloud.(我只不过自言自语。)?
M?
make?
[误]Thelittleboywasmaderepeatthewholestory.?
[正]Thelittleboywasmadetorepeatthewholestory.?
[误]Thefathermadehissontodohishomeworkfrommorningtillnight.?
[正]Thefathermadehissondohishomeworkfrommorningtillnight.?
[析]make的句型为"makesomebodydo(doing)something".但在被动语态中原来被省去的不定式符号to要被还原回来。?
[误]Ialwaysdothismistake.?
[正]Ialwaysmakethismistake.?
[析]英语中do和make是十分不易弄清的两个动词,do常用于谈论工作时或某种不确定的活动时,如:doafavour(帮个忙),doonesbest(竭尽全力),dogood(有益),doharm(有害),而多数情况下常用make,如:makeasuggestion,makeacake,makeabed(收拾床),makeanoise,makemoney等等。?
[误]Thiswinewasmadeofgrapes.?
[正]Thiswinewasmadefromgrapes.?
[析]当成品制成后,其原料的性质有所改变时应用makefrom,否则用makeof,如:Thisdoorwasmadeofiron.?
[误]Hardworkcanoftenmakeupalackofintelligence.?
[正]Hardworkcanoftenmakeupforalackofintelligence.?
[析]makeup是"创造"、"编织",而makeupfor是"弥补……的不足之处"。上句应译为"勤奋工作可以弥补天资的不足。"?
[误]Wemadeupourmindtostudyhard.?
[正]Wemadeupourmindstostudyhard.?
[析]mind这里是可数名词,使用时要特别予以注意makeuponesmind是"下定决心"之意。?
[误]Ourclassismadeoftwentygirlsandtwenty?oneboys.?
[正]Ourclassismadeupoftwentygirlsandtwenty?oneboys.?
[析]makeupof…是"某物由……组成或构成"。?
many?
[误]Ihavemanyfriends.?
[正]Ihavealotoffriends.?
[析]many和much多用于疑问句或否定句中,而在肯定句中则用处不多,尤其在非正式谈话中。如:?
-Howmuchmoneyhaveyougot??
-Ivegotplenty.?
[误]Youboughtmuchtootomatoes.?
[正]Youboughttoomanytomatoes.?
[析]toomany后接可数名词,toomuch后接不可数名词,而muchtoo后面接形容词,意为"太多"。?
[误]Formanyaweeksitrainedalot.?
[正]Formanyaweekitrainedalot.?
[析]manya意为"好多"、"许多",但其后面要加单数名词
。?
matter?
[误]Nomatterwhatyoudid.?
[正]Nomatterwhatyoudid,Itrustedyou.?
[析]Nomatter是个词组,意为"不论",它的语法功能是起连接作用,所以不能用于一个单独的句子。?
itdoesntmatter这个词组则不是一个连接词组,所以可以和一个单句连用,如:It?doesnt?materwhatyousay.(你说什么都不要紧。)?
maybe?
[误]Maybeheisright.?
[正]Maybeheisright.?
[析]maybe是副词,不要错用为maybe.?
maybeperhaps?
这两个词的词意一样,maybe常用于非正式谈话,而perhaps则多用在正式文体中。如:Maybe/Perhapstheweatherwillgetbetter.而?JuliusCaesar?isperhapsthegreatestofShakespearesearlyplays.?
mend?
[误]Iwanttohavemybikemended.?
[正]Iwanttohavemybikerepaired.?
[析]mend意为"缝补",如:Mymothermendedmycoat.而repair是"修理"。?
mind?
[误]Couldyoumindtoclosethedoor??
[正]Couldyoumindclosingthedoor??
[误]Trytomakeupyourmindstudyinghard.?
[正]Trytomakeupyourmindtostudyhard.?
[析]mind用作动词时,其后加动名词;而用作名词意为"下定决心"时,其后要加不定式。?要注意DoyoumindifIsmoke?的答语:如果你不介意,应回答"No,goahead."如果你不想让对方吸烟,则应讲"Yes,pleasedont."?
miss?
[误]Ifoundmybagmissed.?
[正]Ifoundmybagmissing.?
[析]missing为形容词,其意为"不见了"、"丢了"。在句中用作宾语补足语时不要误用missed,它作动词时多为及物动词,要接名词或动名词,而不接不定式。如:Imissedthefirsttrain,Idontwanttomissseeingthefamousfootballplayer.?在作补足语讲某物"不见了"时有missing,gone,lost等,如:Ifoundmybagmissing(gone,lost).?
mistake?
[误]Itookyourpenbywrong.?
[正]Itookyourpenbymistake.?
[析]bymistake是"错拿了"、"误拿了"你的东西。wrong意为"错误",而bymistake为"弄混了"。如:?
[误]IfImnotwrong,youareMrBrown.?
[正]IfImnotmistaken,youareMrBrown.(如果我没弄错的话,您是Brown先生。)
[误]Theteachersalwaysmistookmeasmybrother.?
[正]Theteachersalwaysmistookmeformybrother.?
[析]mistake…for…是"错把……当作……"之意,如:Itookyourbookformine.?
more?
[误]Thisbookismorebetterthanthatone.?
[正]Thisbookismuchbetterthanthatone.?
[析]不能用比较级来修饰比较级,而应用much,rather等来修饰比较级。?
[误]Moreyouread,moreyoulearn.?
[正]Themoreyouread,themoreyoulearn.?
[析]在"越……越……的"表达法中,形容词的比较级前要加定冠词。请注意morethanone这个词组的后面要跟单数名词和单数谓语动词。如:Morethanonestudentisgoingtodoparttimejobafterschool.?
nomorethannotmorethan?
nomorethan应译为"只不过"、"才",如:Hewrotenomorethanthreebooks.即他真正写了三本书。而notmorethan则意为"不会多于",如:Hewrotenotmorethanthreebooks.即他写的书不会多于三本。又如:Heisnoshorterthanyou.应译为"你和他都不矮",而Heisnotshorterthanyou.才应译为"他比你高。"?
most?
[误]MostofstudentsaregoodatEnglish.?
[正]MostofthestudentsaregoodatEnglish.?
[正]MoststudentsaregoodatEnglish.?
[析]mostof这一结构后面的名词前一定要有一个限定词。?
[误]Myfriendsaremostteachers.?
[正]Myfriendsaremostlyteachers.?
[析]mostly意为"大部分的","主要的"。?
much?
[误]Theboywasasleepverymuch.?
[正]Theboywasfastasleep.?
[析]不是所有的形容词都可以用very来修饰,如fastasleep意为"熟睡",则是固定搭配。像interesting,exciting,surprising这些形容词化的现在分词,以及tired,interested这些形容词化的过去分词则要用very来修饰。?
must?
[误]Hemustbeintheoffice,andmustntgohome.?
[正]Hemustbeintheoffice,andcantgohome.?
[析]must加动词原形为对事情的肯定推测,而否定的推测则要用cant加动词原形。?
[误]Itmusthaverainednow.?
[正]Itmusthaverainedyesterday.?
[析]"must+have+过去分词"为对过去发生事情的推测。这句话应译为"昨天一定是下雨了。"又如:Imustgoandcallhim.Hemusthaveforgottenit.?
musthaveto?
must用来表示说话者觉得某件事有必要去做,如Imuststopsmoking.其意为:我自己认为我要戒烟;而haveto则多用来表达由于来自外界的因素而不得不去做的事,如:Ihavetogotoschooltomorrow.?must无过去式,当用在讲过去某件必须要做的事时要用hadto,如:WhenIwasyoung,Ihadtogotothefactory.?在否定句中mustnt意为:一定不要做某事,如:YoumustnttellthistoTom.而haventto则多意为没有必要去做,如:YoudonthavetotellthistoTom.而英语中多用neednt来取代haventto.?
myself?
[误]Icantplayping?pongmyself.?
[正]Icantplayping?pongbymyself.?
[析]第一句并无语法错误,myself为"我亲自要去",而bymyself为"独自一人"。这句话要表达的意思是"我一个人无法打乒乓球。"而Iwanttoplayping?pongmyself.应译为"我自己想去打乒乓球。"?
N?
name?
[误]Shewasnamedofaflower.?
[正]Shewasnamedafteraflower.?
[析]以……命名应为nameafter,又如给某人取名应为ThefathernamedhissonTom.?
near?
[误]Wecameneartohithim.?
[正]Wecameneartohittinghim.?
[析]这句话应译为"我们几乎要打他一顿。"nearto这一用法中to为介词,其后要接宾语,所以要接名词或动名词。near作介词时其后可加to也可不加to,如:Isitnearthedoor,Isitneartothefire.?
bynear?
Welivednearthecity.与Welivedbythecity.两句话都是对的,但其表达的意义有所不同,by在表达距离时比near更近,所以bythecity是紧靠近某城市。?
need?
[误]Thisroomneedstoclean.?
[正]Thisroomneedstobecleaned.?
[正]Thisroomneedscleaning.?
[析]在表达某事需要做什么时,need后面如用不定式要用其被动态,如接动名词则要用主动态。?
[误]Weneednottodoit.?
[正]Weneedntdoit.?
[析]need用在否定句、疑问句中一般用作情态动词,所以无人称变化也不加to,而在肯定句中则多用作实意动词,如:Weneedyourhelp.?
neither?
[误]Noneofmyparentsisateacher.?
[正]Neitherofmyparentsisateacher.?
[析]对两者的否定不能用none只能用neither,none用于三人以上的情况。?
[误]Idontdomyhomework.Neitherhedoes.?
[正]Idontdomyhomework.Neitherdoeshe.?
[析]这时应用倒装句。?
[误]NeitheryounorIareright.?
[正]NeitheryounorIamright.?
[析]neither…nor…这一句型在应用时其谓语动词应以邻近的主语一致。?
[误]Neitherhestudiesnorplays.?
[正]Neitherdoeshestudynorplay.?
[析]neither,hardly,seldom等否定词位于句首时,谓语动词采用倒装形式。
?
never?
[误]NeverIhavebrokenmyword.?
[正]NeverhaveIbrokenmyword.?
[析]never用于句首时起强调作用,要用倒装语序。但用于句中一般放于情态动词、助动词、或be动词后面,如:Ishallneverforgottheexpressiononherface.Losttimeisneverfoundagain.用于成语中,如:Betterlatethannever.(晚做比不做强。)nevermind没关系,如:"Whatdidyousay?""Oh,nevermind."?
news?
[误]Therearemanynewsabouttheaccident.?
[正]Thereismuchnewsabouttheaccident.?
[析]news是不可数名词,它没有复数形式,如果讲一条新闻要用apieceofnews.
newspaper?
[误]Ireadthenewsontodaysnewspaper.?
[正]Ireadthenewsintodaysnewspaper.?
[析]在报纸上读到某一条新闻一定要用介词in,而onthenewspaper是指把某物放于报纸之上,如:MayIputthefloweronthisnewspaper??
night?
[误]Icamehomeverylateyesterdaynight.?
[正]Icamehomeverylatelastnight.?
[析]"昨晚"一般要讲lastnight,而不应参照"昨天上午、下午、傍晚"的说法yesterdaymorning等套用。?
nonone?
no是个限定词,它可以用在可数名词单复数或不可数名词前,如:Nonewsisgoodnews.但如果名词前有另一限定词时则不能用no,而要用noneof,如Noneofthestudentswashere.?
nonot?
要使句子具有部分否定的意思,我们用not,如:Icanseeyoutomorrow,butnotSunday.如果是全部否定则用no,如Sorry,thereisnotimetotalk.?
Noonenone?
noone与nobody一样不能接of结构,如:Noonewishedmegoodluck.而要用of结构时要用none,如:Noneofmyfriendswishedmegoodluck.?
nor?
[误]Ineversawthepaintingbefore,ordidIhearofit.?
[正]Ineversawthepaintingbefore,notdidIhearofit.?
[析]注意在表达"既不……也不……"时不要用or作连词,而要用nor,并且要用倒装语序。?
not?
[误]Thestudentswenttothepark,butnotheteachers.?
[正]Thestudentswenttothepark,butnottheteachers.?
[析]要使一个句子或一个句子的某一部分为否定时我们要用not,而不用no.?
[误]Thereisnomylettertoday.?
[正]Thereisnoletterformetoday.?
[析]no是一个限定词,用在名词前时,要注意这个名词前应没有冠词、物主代词或指示代词。?
[误]Henotonlywasawriterbutalsoanactor.?
[正]Hewasnotonlyawriterbutalsoanactor.?
[析]在这一句型中notonly之后的词与butalso之后的词类必须一致,否则应为错句。如果这一结构用在主语位置,则谓语动词要与butalso后面的主语保持一致,如:NotonlyyoubutalsoIamwrong.?
nothing?
[误]Nothingbutbooksweresoldhere.?
[正]Nothingbutbookswassoldhere.?
[析]要注意真正的主语是nothing而不是books,所以这一结构在学生的使用中经常出错。
[误]Ihavenothingtodobuttocry.?
[正]Ihavenothingtodobutcry.?
[析]在这一结构中but后面要用省to的不定式。?
number?
[误]AnumberofnewscanbeheardonTVtoday.?
[正]AlotofnewscanbeheardonTVtoday.?
[析]anumberof后接可数名词复数。?
[误]Thenumberofstudentsaretenthousand.?
[正]Thenumberofstudentsistenthousand.?
[析]anumberof其意为"大量的",而thenumberof…是"某某的数量"。即thenumberofstudents意为"学生人数",所以要用单数形式的谓语动词。?
O?
oclock?
[误]Itstenpastfiveoclock.?
[正]Itstenpastfive.?
[析]oclock所表达的时间是正点,如果要表达的时间是几点几分或差几分几点都不能用oclock.?
once?
[误]Pleasecomeandseemeonce.?
[正]Pleasecomeandseemeoneday.?
[析]once用来谈论过去的事情,而不能谈论未来。如果要谈及未来要用oneday,sometime等。?
[误]ImethimonetimewhenIwasastudent.?
[正]ImethimoncewhenIwasastudent.?
[析]英语中一次应用once而不用onetime,二次要用twice而不用twotimes.?
one?
[误]Mygrandfatherwantstoliveforhundredyears.?
[正]Mygrandfatherwantstoliveforonehundredyears.?
[误]Hethrewawaytheolddictionaryandwantedtobuynewone.?
[正]Hethrewawaytheolddictionaryandwantedtobuyanewone.?
[误]Hisdogisbiggerthanmyone.?
[正]Hisdogisbiggerthanmine.?
[析]一般物主代词之后不用one,除非one前有修饰词,如myoldone,否则要用名词性物主代词。?
[误]Oneoftheteacherisintheoffice.?
[误]Oneoftheteachersareintheoffice.?
[正]Oneoftheteachersisintheoffice.?
[析]One是句子的主语,其谓语动词应用单数,而of后面的名词要用复数名词。?
[误]Onethirdofthebooksissenttothestudents.?
[正]Onethirdofthebooksaresenttothestudents.?
[析]几分之几或百分之几这一结构用在主语位置,其谓语动词要与of后面的名词一致,如Twothirdsoftheworkisdone.?
open?
[误]Arethebanksopenedtoday??
[正]Arethebanksopentoday??
[析]要注意open即可用作动词、名词,还可以用作形容词,而close则不同。请看:Arethebanksclosedtoday?这一句是正确的。?
or?
[误]Hedoesntdrinkandsmoke.?
[正]Hedoesntdrinkorsmoke.?
[析]否定句中的并列连词要用or而不用and.?
[误]Heneitherdrinksorsmokes.?
[正]Heneitherdrinksnorsmokes.?
other?
[误]Wherearetheothersstudents??
[正]Wherearetheotherstudents??
[正]Wherearetheothers??
[析]other作形容词时没有复数形式,且作为泛指讲时没有定冠词,如:Asksomeothereople.而加定冠词后为特指。theother可在句中作主语、宾语或定语,如:Nowletmeshowyoutheother.(宾语)Hehastwosons.Oneisaworker,theotherisateacher.(主语)others只能作代词,而theothers则为特指,如:Therearefivebooks.Twoofthemarenotgood.Iliketheothers.?
out?
[误]Shewentouttheclassroom,takingadictionarywithher.?
[正]Shewentoutoftheclassroom,takingadictionarywithher.?
[析]outof是指"从……里出来",使用时不要将of丢掉。?
P?
paper?
[误]Pleasegivemetwoletterpapers.?
[正]Pleasegivemetwosheetsofletterpaper.?
[析]paper作为纸讲为不可数名词。?
[误]Eachstudentmustwritepaperonwhathelearned.?
[正]Eachstudentmustwriteapaperonwhathelearned.?
[析]这里的paper作为论文讲,是可数名词。paper的这种用法还可以用于证件、报纸、考卷等。
parent?
[误]MyparentsandIarebothinterestedinfootball.
[正]MyparentsandIareallinterestedinfootball.?
[析]parents即为父母、双亲,指两个人,加上自己为三个人,所以只能用all而不能用both.?
pass?
[误]Theshippastedthechannel.?
[正]Theshippassedthechannel.?
[析]pass为动词,而past则为副词,不要混淆,如:Myfatherhasbeenillforthepasttwoweeks.Allthestudentspassedtheexam.?
pay?
[误]Pleasehelpmedothisjob,andIwillpayforyoulater.?
[正]PleasehelpmedothisjobandIwillpayyoulater.?
[析]为某工作付给工人工资应为paysomebody,而payforsomething是为某物付款,如:Youcanbuyallthethingsyouwant.Illpayforthose.?
people?
[误]Therearefivehundredpeopleshere.?
[正]Therearefivehundredpeoplehere.?
[误]Thereisonlyonepeople.?
[正]Thereisonlyoneperson.?
[误]Peoplethereisfriendly.?
[正]Peopletherearefriendly.?
[析]people作为人讲时为复数名词,如要讲一个人应用oneperson,而不能用people,讲若干人时用people而不能加s,这样的用法还有police(警察)等,这些概念用单数时要换其他的词.如:people-aperson;police-policemanpolicewoman;youth-ayoungman/woman.?
picture?
[误]Therearesomespotsinthepicture.?
[正]Therearesomespotsonthepicture.?
[误]Thereisayoungwomanonthepicture.?
[正]Thereisayoungwomaninthepicture.?
[析]指溅落在画面上的灰尘,污物是onthepicture,即讲与画面内容无关的东西用on,而inthepicture用于讲画面的内容。?
pity?
[误]Whatpitythathermothermustalwayssuffer!?
[正]Whatapitythathermothermustalwayssuffer!?
[析]pity作为遗憾之事讲常加不定冠词;但要注意作为同情、怜悯讲则不加冠词,为不可数名词,如:Ifeelpityforyou.它还可以用作动词,如:Hepitiedthepoorpeople.?
[误]Ihavepityforyou.?
[正]Ihavepityonyou.?
[析]可怜某人时应用have(take)pityonsomebody,这是个惯用法。?
place?
[误]LastyearhewenttoAmerica.Hetravelledfromplacetoanother.?
[正]LastyearhewenttoAmerica.Hetravelledfromplacetoplace(fromoneplacetoanother).?
[析]到处译为英文时为fromplacetoplace请不要在place之前加冠词。这种用法在有些语法书中叫作零冠词用法,如:一户挨一户为doorbydoor,手拉手为handinhand.?
[误]Theaccidentwastakenplaceinthatstreet.?
[正]Theaccidenttookplaceinthatstreet.?
[析]takeplace为发生,它不能用于被动态,这样的词还有happen等。?
[误]Thereisnoplaceinthebus.?
[正]Thereisnoroominthebus.?
[析]room这里为不可数名词,意为空间,即没有地方了。place多指场所所在之地。
[误]IcameheretotakeplaceofMrSmith.?
[正]IcameheretotaketheplaceofMrSmith.?
[析]taketheplaceof意为代替、取代某人某事。
?
play?
[误]Doyouwanttoplayguitar??
[正]Doyouwanttoplaytheguitar??
[误]Iliketoplaythebridge.?
[正]Iliketoplaybridge(桥牌).?
[析]play作为玩讲时,在各种乐器前要加冠词,在各种体育运动前则没有冠词。?
please?
[误]Myfriendpleasedmetohisbirthdaypartyyesterday.?
[正]Myfriendinvitedmetohisbirthdaypartyyesterday.?
[析]please作为动词时其词义不是请,而是高兴、愿意等意,如:Shealwaysdoeswhatshepleases.(她总是想做什么就做什么。)又如:Itshardtopleaseall.而please作为请讲时为语气词,多用于祈使句中,如:Pleasecomein.?
[误]Boththeteacherandthemotherwerepleasedtothelittlegirl.?
[正]Boththeteacherandthemotherwerepleasedwiththelittlegirl.?
[析]对某人表示满意、喜欢,应用bepleasedwithsomebody.对某事感到高兴和满意时多用bepleasedat或about,但有时也可用with,却不能用of.?
pleasure?
[误]Theboygavehisparentsalotofpleasures.?
[正]Theboygavehisparentsalotofpleasure.?
[析]pleasure作为高兴、愉快、享乐、娱乐讲时为不可数名词。?
[误]Itispleasuretoworkwithyou.?
[正]Itisapleasuretoworkwithyou.?
[析]pleasure作为一件或某件乐事、高兴之事讲时为可数名词,如:Itisoneofmypleasures.?
police?
[误]Thepolicehasnotfoundthecauseoftheaccident.
[正]Thepolicehavenotfoundthecauseoftheaccident.
[析]police为复数名词,它没有单数形式。如果要讲一个警察要用apoliceman,两个要用twopolicemen,或apolicewoman,twopolicewomen.?
prepare?
[误]Impreparingtheexam.?
[正]Impreparingfortheexam.?
[误]Wellreturnintimeforyoutopreparefordinner.
[正]Wellreturnintimeforyoutopreparedinner.?
[析]prepare既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。作及物动词时其后面所跟的事物是正在准备的;而作不及物动词时for后面的事物是目标。如:Impreparingfortheexam.应
译为我正在为考试做准备。同样的用法还有search与searchfor.?
present?
[误]Dontworry.Icanpresentthemeeting.?
[正]Dontworry.Icanbepresentatthemeeting.?
[析]present作为出席、在场讲时,是形容词而不应用作动词。其动词意为送给;赠给;提出,如:Thereporterpresentedargumentsofhisidea.
?put
?
[误]Sheputoffherreddressandputonthegreenone.
[正]Shetookoffherreddressandputonthegreenone.?
[析]与put连用的介词很多,一般来讲on与off是一对相反的意义的介词,如:turnon(打开),turnoff(关上),穿衣服是puton,但脱衣服却只能用takeoff,而putoff是推迟、使某人下车、关掉之意,如:Theyputofftheexambecausethenationalholiday.(因国家假日而推迟考期。)CouldyouputmeoffattheTownHall.(请在市政厅让我下车。)Pleaseputoffthewirelessbeforeyouleave.(走之前请关掉无线电。)?

?
radio
?
[误]Therearetworadioesintheclassroom.?
[正]Therearetworadiosintheclassroom.?
[误]Iheardtheweatherreportthroughtheradio.?
[正]Iheardtheweatherreportontheradio.?
[析]在收音机中听到某事应为hearsomethingontheradio,听收音机应为listentotheradio.这样的用法还有电视,看电视为watchTV,讲在电视上看见什么节目为watch…onTV,如:ImwatchingthefootballmatchonTV.但注意,作为一种通信手段时应为byradio,如:Policearetalkingtoeachotherbyradio.?rain?
[误]Thereisasmallrainfalling.?
[正]Thereisalightrainfalling.?
[误]Thereisabigrain.?
[正]Thereisaheavyrain.?
[析]大雨在英文中应为aheavyrain,raincatsanddogs为倾盆大雨,小雨为alightrain.千万不要讲abigrain或asmallrain.当作动词讲时,雨下得很大可译为:Itrainsverymuchnow/hardnow/heavilynow.?
reach
?
[误]Wereachedtothetownverylate.?
[正]Wereachedthetownverylate.?
[析]reach作为到达讲是及物动词,而arrive为不及物动词。但要注意reach的词组搭配,如reachfor,为伸手去拿,如:Thethiefreachedforthegun.reachout伸出手,如:Hereachedoutandtookaninterestingbook.?
ready?
[误]Youmustreadyatonce.?
[正]Youmustbereadyatonce.?
[析]ready为形容词,而不像中文中准备为动词。?
remember
?
[误]Ididntrememberclosingthedoor,sothethiefcameintotheroomdirectly.?
[正]Ididntremembertoclosethedoor,sothethiefcameintotheroomdirectly.?
[析]remember其后接动名词,动名词所表示的动作已经做完,如:Idontremembermeetingyou.其后如接不定式,不定式表达的动作还没有去做,如:Doremembertoturnoffthelightbeforeyouleave.?
rest?
[误]Therestofthestudentsisgirls.?
[正]Therestofthestudentsaregirls.?
[析]rest作剩余部分讲时,therestof…结构作主语时其谓语动词应与of后面的名词的数保持一致。这种用法还有1/3of,80%of等。?
[误]Therestoftheworkaredone.?
[正]Therestoftheworkisdone.?
return?
[误]Myfriendsreturnedbacktotheirsecondhometown.?
[正]Myfriendsreturnedtotheirsecondhometown.?
[析]return即为返回,所以back是多余的。这句话还可以表述为:Myfriendswentbacktotheirsecondhometown.?
rice
?
[误]Wehadafewriceandsomebread.?
[正]Wehadalittlericeandsomebread.?
[析]rice为物质名词,为不可数名词。?
rice
?
[误]Wehadafewriceandsomebread.?
[正]Wehadalittlericeandsomebread.?
[析]rice为物质名词,为不可数名词。?
rich?
[误]Thecountryisrichofoil.?
[正]Thecountryisrichinoil.?
[析]berichin为盛产……。?
[误]Therichisnotalwayshappy.?
[正]Thericharenotalwayshappy.?
[析]形容词加定冠词表示一类人,作主语时要作复数看待。?
[误]Allhisrichesisnogoodtohimifheissoill.
[正]Allhisrichesarenogoodtohimifheissoill.
[析]riches为财富,是复数名词,没有单数形式。像这样的词还有goods(货物),greens(青菜),manners(礼貌)等。?
river
[误]Welikeswimmingontheriver.?
[正]Welikeswimmingintheriver.?
[误]Welikeboatingintheriver.?
[正]Welikeboatingontheriver.?
[析]游泳用intheriver,而在湖中划船要用ontheriver.
room
[误]Therearealreadythreepeoplesittingonthesofa,pleasetrytomakearoomforher.?
[正]Therearealreadythreepeoplesittingonthesofa,pleasetrytomakeroomforher.?
[析]room作为空间讲时为不可数名词。leaveroomfor…为给某人留点空地;makeroomfor…为让位给某人,如:Theyoungmanmaderoomforanoldwoman.
?
run
?
[误]Iranacrosswithanoldfriendattheschoolgate.?
[正]Iranacrossanoldfriendattheschoolgate.?
[析]runacross为偶然相遇。?
[误]Thetruckranacrossthecat.?
[正]Thetruckranoverthecat.?
[析]runover为从……上辗过。?
[误]YesterdayIrantoastormonmywayhome.?
[正]YesterdayIranintoastormonmywayhome.?
[析]runinto为撞上或撞在……上。?

?
safe
[误]Thebravemansafedtheboyfromdrowning.?
[正]Thebravemansavedtheboyfromdrowning.?
[析]safe是形容词,如:Theywishedhimasafejourney.safely是副词,如:Theyoungmandriveshiscarsafely.而safety是名词,如:safetyisland(安全岛),Safetyfirst!(安全第一!)但save是动词。
same?
[误]YesterdayIgotapostcard.Itisthesamethatyougotthedaybeforeyesterday.?
[正]YesterdayIgotapostcard.Itisthesameasyougotthedaybeforeyesterday.?
[析]thesamethat意为"即是",而thesameas才能译为"像……一样的。"?
[误]Yourbookisnotsameasmine.?
[正]Yourbookisnotthesameasmine.?
[析]thesameas中的定冠词不能少。
say?
[误]Hisreportwrotesheisnineteen.?
[正]Hisreportsayssheisnineteen.?
[析]中文中常讲"报告上写到"、"信上写到",这样的"写"在英文中要用say.?
sayspeaktalktell
?
英文中"说"一般有四个词,其中say和tell为及物动词。tell可以加双宾语,如Pleasetellmeastory.而speak与talk为不及物动词。speak只有后面直接加"语言"时才是及物的,如:PleasespeakEnglish.请看下句:Hewentontalkingforalongtime,buthespokesofastthatfewofuscouldcatchwhathesaid.?
sea?
[误]Asaboyhisgreatambition(抱负)wastogotothesea.?
[正]Asaboyhisgreatambitionwastogotosea.?
[析]gotosea为"去当水手、海员";而gotothesea=gototheseaside,如:Hewanttogototheseaforhisvacation.?
在"海中"游泳为inthesea;atsea为在"海上航行",如:Ihaveabrotheratsea.bysea为"坐船"、"由海路运输",如:WetravelledtoNewYorkbysea.?
second?
[误]Iwanttolearnthesecondforeignlanguage.?
[正]Iwanttolearnasecondforeignlanguage.?
[析]当作为"第二"外语,"再增加一个"时,不要用thesecond而要用asecond.thesecond强调排队的次序,asecond强调再增加一个。?
see?
[误]Hewasseenleavetheroom.?
[正]Hewasseentoleavetheroom.?
[析]see作主动态时用作toseesomebodydosomething,而用作被动态时则是somebodytobeseentodosomething.要注意惯用法letmesee(让我想想)。?
sheep?
[误]Therearefivesheepsonthegrass.?
[正]Therearefivesheeponthegrass.?
[析]sheep是单、复数同形名词,其他的还有:deer(鹿),fish(鱼)等。?
ship?
[误]Itravelledonayacht.?
[正]Itravelledonaship(inayacht).?
[析]虽然都是船,但游艇(yacht)要用in,而ship要用on.?
sick?
[误]Thelittleboywasaillboy.?
[正]Thelittleboywasasickboy.?
[析]sick与ill作表语时都表示"有病"之意,如:Hefeelsill.或Hefeelssick.都对,但作定语时则只能用sick.?
since?
[误]HeislivinginGreecesince1978.?
[正]HehaslivedinGreecesince1978.?
[正]HehasbeenlivinginGreecesince1978.?
[析]
由since引出的状语从句意为"自从"某时一直如何,主句要用完成时或完成进行时。?
[误]ShehasbeenquitedifferentsincecamebackfromAmerica.?
[正]ShehasbeenquitedifferentsincecomingbackfromAmerica.?
[析]分词短语可以用在after,before,since等介词后面。?
sleep?
[误]Theboywasveryasleep.?
[正]Theboywasfastasleep.?
[析]熟睡在英文中为fastasleep.非正式英语中一般不常用Hessleeping.而常讲Hesasleep.其形容词sleepy是"困倦的",如:Ishallgotobednow.Imsosleepy."卧铺"英国人讲sleepingcar,而美国人讲sleeper.?
slow?
[误]Slowthedooropened.?
[正]Slowlythedooropened.?
[析]slow与slowly的用法与意思相同,在口语中和路标中多用slow,如:Tellhimtodriveslower.Slow,dangerousbend.但是如果用在动词前还是要用slowly.?
smile?
[误]Shesmiledtome.?
[正]Shesmiledatme.?
[析]"冲着某人笑"应为tosmileatsomebody.?
so?
[误]Itissuchbeautifulabookthateverychildlikesit.?
[正]Itissuchabeautifulbookthateverychildlikesit.?
[正]Itissobeautifulabookthateverychildlikesit.?
[析]关于so与such用法的区别有四种情况:①用于单数可数名词之前,其格式为"such+不定冠词+形容词+名词",而"so+形容词+不定冠词"。②用于可数名词复数或不可数名词前,只能用such,如:Itissuchgoodweatherthatwewanttogoforawalk.Theyaresuchgoodstudentsthattheycanpasstheexameasily.③在只有形容词时只能用so,如:ItissogoodthatIlikeitverymuch.④在many,much,few,little这四个词前只能用so而不能用such。如:IhavesolittlemoneythatIcantbuythedictionary.?
[误]Hegotupearlysoashecouldcatchthefirstbus.?
[正]Hegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.?
[正]Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.?
[正]Hegotupsoearlythathecouldcatchthefirstbus.?
some
?
[误]Doyouhavesomelessonetoprepare??
[正]Doyouhaveanylessonstoprepare??
[析]在疑问句或否定句中要用any;some多用在肯定句中,如:Ihavesomemoneytobuyit.?
在请求,或真心希望得到肯定答复时,在疑问句中也要用some,如:Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?即真心实意希望为对方提供饮料。又如:Couldyoulendmesomemoney?即真心想要借到钱。?
sometime?
[误]IhavesometimethoughtthatIshouldliketoliveinthecountry.?
[正]IhavesometimesthoughtthatIshouldliketoliveinthecountry.?
sometimesometimessometimessometime?
sometime为"某个时候"、"总有一天",如:Wellmeetagainsometimenextyear.或过去的"某一时刻",如:IsawhersometimeinJuly.sometimes为"有时候"、"时常"、"常常",如:Everymanisafoolsometimes,andnoneatalltimes.Sometimes为"若干次",如:IvisitedAmericasometimes.Maybefiveorseventimes.Iamnotsure.Sometime则是"一段时间"、"一些时候",如:Iwanttoleavesometime.?
soon?
[误]Theroomassoonasbecamecrowded.?
[正]Theroomsoonbecamecrowded.?
[析]soon为"不久"、"很快",如:Illbethereverysoon.而assoonas意为"一……就……",如:AssoonasIfinishedmyhomeworkIwentouttoplayfootball.?
sound?
[误]Thereportsoundswell.?
[正]Thereportsoundsgood.?
[析]sound作动词时其后接形容词而不接副词,如:Howsweetthemusicsounds!?
sport?
[误]Areyougoingtorunintheschoolsprot??
[正]Areyougoingtorunintheschoolsprots??
[析]sport用作可数名词单数时指具体的某项运动,如:Basketballisanindoorsport.而在泛指"运动"或"运动会"时要用其复数形式sports.?

中学生英语学习常见错误一览表?2


B?
back?
[误]Imsorry.Ihavetobackhome.?
[正]Imsorry.Ihavetogobackhome.?
[正]Imsorry.Ihavetogohome.?
[析]back用作"回到(某处)"之意,不是动词。?
be?
[误]Wheredoyoufrom??
[正]Whereareyoufrom??
[析]"你从何处来"应为Whereareyoufrom?或Wheredoyoucomefrom?但要注意这两句话均是问对方从哪个国家来的。要是口语中问"你是从什么地方来?"应讲Wheredidyoucomefrom?回答用Icamefromthelibrary.?
beat?
[误]Wehavewonyourclass.?
[正]Wehavebeatenyourclass.?
[正]Wehavewonthegame.?
[析]win是胜过之意,它是及物动词,但其后的宾语只能接比赛、战争、奖品、奖金的名称,如:Whichteamwonthefootballmatch?而beat指打败对手、敌人……如:Mybrotherbeatmeatpoker.(要注意的是,beat的过去式与原形相同,而过去分词为beaten)。?
[误]Theballbeatmebadly.?
[正]Theballhitmebadly.?
[误]Heusedtohitthelittleboyblackandblue.?
[正]Heusedtobeatthelittleboyblackandblue.?
[析]beat指打击多次,而hit则为击中对方的一次性打击。?
beautiful?
[误]Heisabeautifulboy.?
[正]Heisahandsomeboy.?
[析]我们可以讲Sheisabeautifulgirl.Thisisabeautifulpark.但要讲男人的"英俊"时要用handsome.?
because?
[误]ThereasonwhyIwaslateisbecauseIwasill.?
[正]ThereasonwhyIwaslateisthatIwasill.?
[误]BecauseitwasSunday,sotheparkwascrowded.?
[正]BecauseitwasSundaytheparkwascrowded.?
[析]这种错误是因为中文的习惯与英语的表述法不同,中文常讲我来晚了的原因是因为我病了,而英文中的第二个因为要用that代替。又因中文常讲因为……所以……,而英文中用了因为就不能再用所以了,同样用了"所以"也就不要再用"因为"一词。例如:Becausewestudyhard,wepassedtheexameasily.或者:Westudyhardsowepassedtheexameasily.?
becausebecauseof?
because后要接从句,例如:Welikephysicsbecausewecanlearnalotofnewideas.而becauseof后要接名词作介词宾语,如:Heisnotatschoolbecauseoftheillness.?
before?
[误]Wehavetwohourstokillbeforewewillgohome.?
[正]Wehavetwohourstokillbeforewegohome.?
[析]killtime意为"消磨时光"。?
英语状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如:Ifitrainswewillnotgotothepark.
[误]Ididthisworktwodaysbefore.?
[正]Ididthisworktwodaysago.?
[析]用ago组成的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词要用过去时,而before引起的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词多用完成时,如:Ihasdonethisworkafewdaysbefore.?
beforelonglongbefore?
beforelong是"不久"之意,例如:IshallgotoAmericabeforelong.而longbefore则是"很久很久"之意,如:Weknewthisteacherlongbeforewesawhim.(我们在看到这位老师之前很久就知道他了。)?
begin?
[误]ThemeetingwillbeginfromMonday.?
[正]ThemeetingwillbeginonMonday.?
[误]Thefilmhasbegunfortenminutes.?
[正]Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.?
[析]begin是瞬间动词,所以它的完成时态不能接表示一段时间的状语,如:Thefilmhasbegun.这句话是对的,即"电影已经开始"。但要讲已经开始10分钟了则要用hasbeenon即"上演了10分钟"。?
beginstart?
begin与start两词后面加不定式或动名词都可以,且意思并无区别,但在表达习惯时接动名词的用法较多,如:HowoldwernyouwhenyoufirststartedlearningEnglish?但这两个词的进行时态中则多用不定式,如:Iwasbeginningtogethungry.但如果句子的主语是物而不是人,则多用不定式,如:Theicebegantomelt.Itstartedtogetdarkbeforewegottoschool.当动词是表达某种心理状态时,要用不定式,如:Thestudentbegantounderstandhismistakes.?
[误]Theystudyhardintheclassfromthebeginningtotheend.?
[正]Theystudyhardintheclassfrombeginningtoend.?
[析]frombeginningtoend是习惯用法,即自始至终,不要加冠词,但如单独使用则要加冠词,例如:Atthebeginning,theteachergaveusanexam.?
behind?
[误]Hemissedtheclassbecausehewasbehindthetime.?
[正]Hemissedtheclassbecausehewasbehindtime.?
[析]behindtime一短语意为"晚了",而behindthetimes意为"落后于时代"。behind是介词同时又是副词,如Comeoutfrombehindthedoor(介词).Hesalongwaybehind(副词).Hefellbehindwithhisclassmates(副词).?
below?
[误]Whatsthatbelowthechair.?
[正]Whatsthatunderthechair.?
[析]under意为"正下方",而below意为"比……低",或指"在下游"。如:Thereisafallbelowtheriver.(河的下游有一个瀑布。)其反义词为over,如:Thereisabigplaneflyingoverthecity.但在"下面的例子"一表达语中则要用theexamplebelow,而不要用under.?
beside?
[误]Thestudentsstoodbesidestheteacher.?
[正]Thestudentsstoodbesidetheteacher.?
[误]IstudyEnglishbesideChinese.?
[正]IstudyEnglishbesidesChinese.?
[析]beside意为"在……旁边",而besides是"除……以外(还如何)"。?
besidebynear?
beside意为"在……旁",如:Thereisatalltreebesidetheriver.by多指"倚、靠"、"沿着"之意,如:Sheisstandingbythewindow.near多用来表示两地间距离不远,如:Thereisapostofficenearourschool.?
better?
[误]Youhadbettertodoitathome.?
[正]Youhadbetterdoitathome.?
[误]Youhadntbetterwakemeupatsix.?
[正]Youhadbetternotwakemeupatsix.?
[析]hadbetter在肯定句中为"应该作某事",其后加不带to的不定式,而在否定句中应用hadbetter+not+动词原形。在简答语中had常省略为d,如:Youdbetternot.又如:
?Lets?gofirst.No,wedbetternot.?
between?
[误]Amongthetwotreesthereisaspaceofthefeet.?
[正]Betweenthetwotreesthereisaspaceofthefeet.?
[析]两者之间多用between,三者或三者以上之间则用among.?
[误]Youmustchoosebetweenthiscluborthatclub.?
[正]Youmustchoosebetweenthisclubandthatclub.?
[析]在两个之间作出选择要用between…and…,而不能用between…or….?
big?
[误]Therewasabigrainlastnight.?
[正]Therewasaheavyrainlastnight.?
[析]大雨在英语中只能用aheavyrain而不要用abigrain.?
bit?
[误]Heisabitfool.?
[正]Heisabitofafool.?
[析]abit可以作程度副词,与alittle相同,但它用于名词前应用abitof,而用于形容词前则应用abit,如:Imabittired,而其简答的否定句应为Notabit,(一点儿也不。)又如:?
-DoyoumindifIopenthedoor??
-Notabit.?
black?
[误]Thechildrenbecameblackafterswimminginthesea.?
[正]Thechildrenbecamesunburnedafterswimminginthesea.?
[析]因太阳照晒而皮肤变黑,不应用black而应用sunburned,suncolour或dark.?
[误]Thegirlhasblackeyesandblack
hair.?
[正]Thegirlhasdarkeyesandblackhair.?
[析]英语中blackeyes的意思是被打得发青的眼睛。?
[误]TheEuropeanslikeredtea.?
[正]TheEuropeanslikeblacktea.?
[析]红茶在英文中应为blacktea.这种惯用法还有:blackandblue(鼻青脸肿,青一块紫一块);black?and?white(黑白电视片)。goblack意为"在失去知觉时眼前一片黑暗";lookblack意为"情况不妙,前景暗淡"。如:Afterthefighthewasblackandblue.OnTV,Ilikecolourforsomethingandblack?and?whiteforothers.?
body?
[误]Goingtobedearlierandgettingupearlierisgoodforyourbody.?
[正]Goingtobedearlierandgettingupearlierisgoodforyourhealth.?
[析]中文常讲对你身体有利,而英文中则讲对你健康有利。?
borrow?
[误]MayIlendsomebooksfromthelibrary??
[正]MayIborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary??
[误]HowlongcanIborrowit??
[正]HowlongcanIkeepit??
[析]英语中有三个词都可译为"借",但意义各不相同如:"借入"是borrow,其常用句型结构是borrowsomethingfromsomebody,这是个瞬间性动词,不可与表示延续的时间状语连用。例如:Thestudentswanttoborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary."借出"用lend,即借给别人东西。其常用句型是lendsomebodysomething,或lendsomethingtosomebody.例如:Couldyoulendusyourdictionary?或Couldyoulendyourdictionarytous?它也是瞬间性动词,也不能与延续的时间状语连用。keep则是延续性动词,可以和表示长时间段的时间状语连用,也可与howlong等疑问词连用,如:Youcankeepitforthreedays.?
born(bear的过去分词)?
[误]IborninShanghai.?
[正]IwasborninShanghai.?
[误]HewasbornfromGreekparents.?
[正]HewasbornofGreekparents.?
[析]"出身于……样的家庭"不要作from而要用of,例如:Hewasbornofapoorfamily.
both?
[误]Theybotharestudents.?
[正]Theyarebothstudents.?
[误]Theyrefusebothtoanswerthisquestion.?
[正]Theybothrefusetoanswerthisquestion.?
[析]both作同位语时,一般要用在be动词之后实意动词之前。
[误]Iknowhisbothparents.?
[正]Iknowbothhisparents.?
[误]Thebothbrotherswerestudents.?
[正]Boththebrotherswerestudents.?
[正]Bothbrotherswerestudents.?
[析]当both与形容词性物主代词my,his,her等以及定冠词the连用时,都应将这些词置于both之后。另外,在与定冠词连用时the可以省略。?
[误]Bothofmyparentsarenotathome.?
[正]Neitherofmyparentsareathome.?
[误]Bothofyouranswersarenotright.?
[正]Neitherofyouranswersisright.?
[正]Bothyouranswersarewrong.?
[析]both不能用于否定句中作主语。表示"两者都不"时要用neither;但作宾语时both与either则都对,但要注意句意有所不同。例如:Icannotgivebothofthebookstoyou.(我不能将两本书全给你。)而Icannotgiveeitherofthebookstoyou.(两本书中哪本书也不能给你。)?
bring?
[误]PleasebringthisdictionarytoMrBrown.?
[正]PleasetakethisdictionarytoMrBrown.?
[误]Nexttime,pleasetakeyourlittlesisterhere.?
[正]Nexttime,pleasebringyourlittlesisterhere.?
[析]英语中bring是"带来",而take是"带走"。还有一个词fetch,表示"到某处去把某物取、接回来"。如:Pleasefetchthedoctoratonce.?
business?
[误]MyfatherwenttoShanghaiforbusiness.?
[正]MyfatherwenttoShanghaionbusiness.?
[析]onbusiness出差?
busy?
[误]Thestudentswereverybusytopreparefortheexam.?
[正]Thestudentswereverybusypreparingfortheexam.?
[析]bebusydoingsomething为"忙于作某事"?
[误]Thestudentswerebusyfortheexam.?
[正]Thestudentswerebusywiththeexam.?
[析]busy直接接名词时应用with.?
but?
[误]Hecouldnthelpbutrealizingthathewaswrong.?
[正]Hecouldnthelpbutrealizethathewaswrong.?
[误]Shecouldnthelptocrywhenshesawhermother.?
[正]Shecouldnthelpcryingwhenshesawhermother.?
[析]couldnthelp其后应接动名词,表示情不自禁的动作,但couldnthelpbut后面要加动词原形即省to的不定式,所以前一句应译为"他才真正认识到他错了。"
?
buy?
[误]Ihaveboughtthisdictionaryforthreeyears.?
[正]Ihavehadthisdictionaryforthreeyears.?
[析]buy是截止性(即瞬间)动词,它可以有完成时,如:Ihaveboughtthisdictionary.但是不能与表示较长的时间状语连用。如要讲我这本字典已买了3年了则要用havehad这一结构即我拥有这本字典已3年了。?
by?
[误]Theboyshotthecatbyagun.?
[正]Theboyshotthecatwithagun.?
[误]Hecametoschoolbyataxithismorning.?
[正]Hecametoschoolbytaxithismorning.?
[析]作为某种运输手段来讲,by与名词间不能有冠词,如:bycar,bybike,byair等。如有了冠词或其他修饰词,则应用别的相应的介词,如:"我们今天早上是乘他的车来的"一句应译为:Wecamehereinhiscarthismorning.?与by结合而成的词组很多,常用的有:bytheway顺便说说;byhand手工制作;byoneself独自地;bynomeans决不。?
C
call?
[误]IllcallatMrBrown.?
[正]IllcallonMrBrown.?
[误]IllcallonMrBrownshome.?
[正]IllcallatMrBrownshome.?
[析]作"拜访"讲时,at后面接访问地点,而on后面接访问的人。
?callondropinvisit?
callon比较正式的为公务的访问,如:Wewerecalledonbytheoldstudents.而dropin则是比较随便的走走,顺便拜访,如:Ifyourefree,dropin.而visit则是更正式的外交访问或友好往来,如:MyschoolsheadmasterwillvisitAmericanextweek.?
can?
[误]Ablindmancannotjudgecolours.?
[正]Ablindmancannotjudgecolours.?
[误]Icanntcallforyouatten.?
[正]Icantcallforyouatten.?
[析]can的否定形式应为cannot或cant.?
[误]Itsonlysixoclock.Thatmustntbethepostman.?
[正]Itsonlysixoclock.Thatcantbethepostman.?
[析]must用来表示一种肯定的推断,如:Shemusthavesomeproblems.Shekeepscrying.但在否定句中则要用cant,要表示对过去的推测则要用"must+have+过去分词"的表达法,如:Thelightshavegoneout.Afusemusthaveblown.而对过去的否定推测则多用"?cant?+have+过去分词",如:Idontthinkhecanhaveheardyou.Callagain.?
[误]Wecouldnothelptolaughatonce.?
[正]Wecouldnothelplaughingatonce.?
[正]Wecouldnothelpbutlaughatonce.?
[析]"couldnthelp+动名词"表示禁不住做了某事。但couldnothelpbut与couldnotbut后面要加不带to的不定式,意思都是不得不去做某事.如:Youcouldnot(help)butrespecthim.?
canbeableto?
can与beableto都可以用来表示能力,但can只有现在时与过去时,beableto则可用任何时态,如:Hewillbeabletoteachthechild.但要表示经过努力而达到的一次性动作则只能用beableto,如:Hefinallywasabletojumpover2?10meters.或:Theplanewasabletoflyoverthemountain.但要注意的是这两个词都没有进行时态,而beableto后面不接不定式的被动态。?
cancould?
can与could都可以用在现在时的口语中,只是用could更为礼貌,语气更委婉。如:Couldyoutellusastory?
care?
[误]Idontcarecoffee.?
[正]Idontcareforcoffee.?
[误]Takecareforyoursteps.?
[正]Takecareofyoursteps.?
[析]carefor是"对某物感兴趣",而careof是"关心,要当心某事",如:Shedidntcareforhim.Takecareofwhatyouaredoing.?
[误]Idontcarewherewewillgoifitdoesntrain.?
[正]Idontcarewherewegoifitdoesntrain.?
[析]在itdoesntmatter,Idontcare,Idontmind,及incase引出的状语从句后面要用现在时表示将来。如:Ivegotafootballincasewehavetimeforagame.?
change?
[误]Iwanttochangemycamerawiththatone.?
[正]Iwanttochangemycameraforthatone.?
[析]changefor为"以某物为交换物"。而changewith则是"随……而变",如:Thewoodscolourchangedwiththeseason.?
cheap?
[误]Ateacherssalaryisgenerallyverycheap.?
[正]Ateacherssalaryisgenerallyverylow.?
[析]工资的高低要用low,cheap是指价格便宜,如果要讲物美价廉则要用notexpensive,如:Thiscarisnotexpensive.?
choose?
[误]WeeachhadtohaveachooseofAorB.?
[正]WeeachhadtohaveachoiceofAorB.?
[析]choice是名词,而choose是动词。?
class?
[误]TheclassiswatchingTV.?
[正]TheclassarewatchingTV.?
[析]class作主语时,如果作为整体讲则应用单数形式的谓语动词,如:Theclasswasmorethanfortyinnumber.如考虑到具体的每个成员时则应用复数形式的谓语动词,如:Theclassare,ingeneral,verybright.?
clean?
[误]Sorry,Ididntboughtithere.Icleanlyforgot.?
[正]Sorry,Ididntboughtithere.Icleanforgot.?
[析]clean可以作为副词讲,其意为"完全",而cleanly则意为"正确地"、"干净利落地",如:Theknifedoesntcutcleanly.而clean作为形容词讲时意为"清洁的"、"干净的",如:Herfaceisnotcleannow.?
clever?
[误]ImnotcleverinEnglish.?
[正]ImnotcleveratEnglish.?
[析]cleverat是固定搭配,表示在某方面有特长。?
close?
[误]Itiscoldoutside.Pleasekeepthedoorclose.?
[正]Itiscoldoutside.Pleasekeepthedoorclosed.?
[析]这里的close是动词,意为"关闭",而keep后要加形容词,所以要用close的过去分词形式closed作形容词。作形容词用的close意为"近的"、"亲密的"。?
[误]ComecloselysothatIcanseeyou.?
[正]ComeclosesothatIcanseeyou.?
[误]Goodteachingandgoodtestingarecloserelated.?
[正]Goodteachingandgoodtestingarecloselyrelated.?
[析]close,closely同样可以作副词用,但其意义不同,close是"靠近"、"接近"之意,而closely则是"紧密"、"严密"、"密切"之意。?
[误]Myschoolwasquiteclosefrommyhome.?
[正]Myschoolwasquiteclosetomyhome.?
[析]"与……接近"是closeto…,例如:?
Hewasclosetofifty.?
Thereisabus?stopclosetothestation.?
closeshutturn?
shut与close是同义词,如closethedoor或shutthedoor.但要讲把某人关在门外时则只能用shutsomebodyout而不能用close,因shut语气较强,并含有隔离之意。而turnoff是指关上电视、电灯、煤气之类,有切断之意。?
cloth?
[误]Thechildrenwearverygoodclothtogotoschool.?
[正]Thechildrenwearverygoodclothestogotoschool.?
[误]Ineedalotofclothing.?
Imgoingtomakeanewcloth.?
[正]Ineedalotofcloth.?
Imgoingtomakeanewdress.?
[析]cloth是"布"、"布料",没有复数形式。一块布料是apieceofcloth,而clothes统指衣服,是复数名词,"一套衣服"要讲asuitofclothes,如果是"一件件衣服"应讲shirt,dress,sweater等。而clothing是衣物的总称,是不可数名词。例如:Thisclothingisneededinwarmcountries.Herclothesaremadeoffinecloth.?英语中的dress是指比较正式的服装,如aschooldress(校服),astudentdress(学生套装),aworkingdress(工作服)。?
coffee?
[误]Pleasegivemetwowaters.?
[正]Pleasegivemetwocoffees.?
[正]Pleasegivemetwocupsofwater.?
[析]虽然coffee,water,tea等都是物质名词,但是只有coffee可用coffees取代若干杯coffee,而其他的却不行,其前要加acupof或aglassof.?
colour(color)?
[误]Coloursofflowersarered,yellowandwhite.?
[正]Flowersarered,yellowandwhite.?
[析]中文的"花的颜色有红色、黄色和白色",若译为英文Coloursofflowersare…,就显得重复了。?
[误]Ilikegreencolour.?
[正]Ilikegreen.?
[正]Ilikecolourgreen.?
[析]colourgreen中的colour是green的同位语,所以这种说话方式英语是可以接受的。?
come?
[误]Icameacrosswithanoldfriendinthestreetyesterday.?
[正]Icameacrossanoldfriendinthestreetyesterday.?
[析]comeacross是"偶然碰见、遇见",要直接加宾语,如:Ivejustcomeacrossabeautifulpoeminthismagazine.?
[误]Wheredoyoucomefrom??
Icomefromthestation.?
[正]Wheredidyoucomefrom??
Icamefromthestation.?
[正]Wheredoyoucomefrom??
IcomefromChina.?
[析]Wheredoyoucomefrom?意为"你是什么地方的人?"?而Wheredidyoucomefrom?则是"你从何处来?"?
[误]Thestarsarecomingoutfromthecloud.?
[正]Thestarsarecomingoutofthecloud.?
[析]comeoutof意为"从……地方出来"。?
comeincomeintoenter?
comein与comeinto的意义相同,但comeinto后面要加宾语,而comein后面不用宾语。如Ifoundsomeonecameintomyroom.Thedooropenedandthechildcamein.?
enter常作为及物动词使用,如:ThebusenteredtheEnglishtunnel.?
congratulate?
[误]Iwanttocongratulateyouforyoursuccesswithallmyheart.?
[正]Iwanttocongratulateyouonyoursuccesswithallmyheart.?
[析]动词congratulatesomebodyonsomething是"向某人祝贺某事"。其名词congratulation在用时一般要用复数,如:Iofferedhimmycongratulationsonhissuccess.
又如:Congratulations!?
cook?
[误]Myfatherisagoodcooker.?
[正]Myfatherisagoodcook.?
[析]很多动词加上?er则变为执行该动作的一种人,如work?worker,teach?teacher.但cook即是动词"做饭",同时名词也是"厨师"。而cooker则是"厨具"、"炊具"之意。如:Iwillcookthedinner.Iboughtagoodpresscooker(高压锅)。?
corner?
[误]Thereisapostofficeinthecornerofthestreet.?
[正]Thereisapostofficeatthecornerofthestreet.?
[误]Agirlsatatthecorneroftheroom.?
[正]Agirlsatinthecorneroftheroom.?
[析]inthecorner是在建筑物内部的角上,而atthecorner是在外部的角上,如:Thereisabigtreeatthecornerofthebuilding.?
cost?
[误]Icosttendollarsforthebook.?
[正]Ispenttendollarsonthebook.?
[误]Icosttwohourstodomyhomework.?
[正]Ittookmetwohourstodomyhomework.?
[析]cost,spend.take都可以作"花费"讲,但用法不同。cost的用法是"something+cost+somebody+时间或金钱",如:Thebookcostmetendollars.spend的用法是"somebody+spend+时间+(in)doingsomething",如:Ispenttwohours(in)writingthisbook.或"somebody+spend+金钱+onsomething",如:Ispendtwodollarsonthisbook.而take的用法则要用逻辑主语it:"It+takes+somebody+时间+todosomething",如:Ittookmeanhourtocleantheclassroom.?
country?
[误]Youcanfindcowsinacountry.?
[正]Youcanfindcowsinthecountry.?
[析]country即可作"国家"讲,也可作"农村"讲。当作"农村"讲时,一定要加定冠词,而且只有单数形式。例如:?
[误]Farmersliveinthecountries.?
[正]Farmersliveinthecountry.?
[析]但作为"国家"讲时则可有单、复数形式,例如:JapanisanAsiancountry.Japan,China,andIndiaareAsiancountries.另外,country一般指的是地理概念上的国家,如:NewZealandisanagriculturalcountry.而nation多指民族组成的国家,如:TheChinesenation(中华民族)。state多侧重于政权方面的区域、国家范围,如:thestatefarm(国营农场)。?
cross?
[误]Therearetrafficlightsatthecross.?
[正]Therearetrafficlightsatthecrossing.?
[析]cross作为名词讲时是十字架、十字形的东西,如:RedCross(红十字会)。?
[误]Thelittleboyisgoingtoacrossthestreet.?
[正]Thelittleboyisgoingtocrossthestreet.?
[析]across是副词或介词,但不能作动词用。?
crosspass?
cross是指横过某地,如:Hecrossedthesquare.而pass则强调从某物体旁经过,如:ImailedsomeletterswhenIpassedthepostoffice.?
crowd?
[误]Theroomsoonwascrowdedbypeople.?
[正]Theroomsoonwascrowdedwithpeople.?
[析]crowded在这句话中应作为形容词,所以这句话不是被动语态而是系表结构,如:Theroomwascrowdedwithbooks.?
cup?
[误]Asilverglasswasgiventothewinner.?
[正]Asilvercupwasgiventothewinner.?
[误]Mymotherwaslookingforthewhiskycup.?
[正]Mymotherwaslookingforthewhiskyglass.?
[析]glass一般指由玻璃制成的器皿,而cup多指用陶瓷或金属制成的杯子,且cup尤其用在奖杯上。喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子,如我们讲Idrinkaglassofwineatsupper.而不讲Idrinkacupofwineatsupper.?
D?
dance?
[误]Wellinviteyouandyourwifetoadanceparty.?
[正]Wellinviteyouandyourwifetoadancingparty.?
[正]Wellinviteyouandyourwifetoadance.?
[正]Wellinviteyouandyourwifetoaball.(美语中常用ball作为舞会。)?
date?
[误]Hestudiedtenhoursadate.?
[正]Hestudiedtenhoursaday.?
[析]date是指具体日期。如问Whatsthedatetoday?应回答具体日期:"October1st1998."而day是指1日(24小时)。如Whatdayistoday?问的是星期几,应回答"ItsSunday."
[误]TodaysdateisJanuaryfirst.1998.?
[正]TodaysdateisJanuary1,1998.?
[正]TodaysdateisJanuary1st,1998.?
[析]在日期书写中不要用序数词全写,而要用1st,2nd,3rd……如果一定要用序数词,其顺序应为:ItisthefirstofJanuary.?
day?
[误]ThisisabookabouteverydayEnglish.?
[正]ThisisabookabouteverydayEnglish.?
[正]ThisisaneverydayEnglishbook.?
[误]Wegotoschooleveryday.?
[正]Wegotoschooleveryday.?
[析]everyday是形容词,意为"日常的",而everyday则是"每天"、"天天"之意。?
dead?
[误]Myfatherhasdiedfortenyears.?
[正]Myfatherhasbeendeadfortenyears.?
[析]die是瞬间动词,它可以用于完成时,如:Myfatherhasdied.但用于完成时不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。它也可以用于过去时,如:Myfatherdiedthreeyearsago
[误]Wellalwaysrememberthedeadswhowerekilledinthewar.?
[正]Wellalwaysrememberthedeadwhowerekilledinthewar.?
[析]形容词前如加定冠词表示一类人,如therich(富人),thesick(病人),thepoor(穷人),其后的谓语动词要用复数,如:Thericharenotalwayshappy.?
deaddeadly?
dead在某些词组里是"完全"、"的确"的意思,如deadright,deadtired,deadsure。而deadly则是"致命的",如:Therichmanhadmanydeadlyenemies.又如:Cancerisadeadlydisease.?
deaddied?
dead是形容词,如:MrsGintywasdead.而died是动词die的过去式及过去分词,如:Shediedin1960.但英语中如表达出对某人去世的伤感说法是passaway,如:Myfatherpassedaway,thismorning.?
deer?
[误]Inthezoo,therearemanydeers.?
[正]Inthezoo,therearemanydeer.?
[析]deer是单、复数同形的词,如:onedeer,twodeer,这样的名词还有fish,sheep等。但如果讲Therearemanyfisheshere.这句话应译为"这里有许多种鱼类。"而不应译为"这里有很多鱼。"?
desk?
[误]Theboysatinhisdesk.?
[正]Theboysatathisdesk.?
[析]在课桌旁坐着应用介词at,而atdesk则应译为"在学习",attable应译为"在吃饭"。?
die?
[误]InSouthAfricamanypeoplediedfromcancer.?
[正]InSouthAfricamanypeoplediedofcancer.?
[误]Theoldmandiedofoverwork.?
[正]Theoldmandiedfromoverwork.?
[析]死于疾病应用dieof,而死于某种外因事故则多用from.?
[误]Hismotherisdied.?
[正]Hismotherisdead.?
[误]Theoldwomanwasdeadattheageofseventy.?
[正]Theoldwomandiedattheageofseventy.?
[析]dead是形容词,而die是动词。形容词表示状态,动词则表示动作。?
[误]Hediedinatrafficaccident.?
[正]Hewaskilledinatrafficaccident.?
[析]由于事故而造成的死亡一般用tobekilled.?
[误]Whenthedoctorcame,theoldmanhadalreadydied.?
[正]Whenthedoctorcame,theoldmanwasalreadydead.?
[正]Theoldmandiedbeforethedoctorcame.?
different?
[误]Myroomisdifferentwithyours.?
[正]Myroomisdifferentfromyours.?
[误]Thevillageisverydifferentwithwhatitwas.?
[正]Thevillageisverydifferentfromwhatitwas.?
[析]differentfrom是"与……不同"之意。?
difficult?
[误]Englishisverydifficulttobelearned.?
[正]Englishisverydifficulttolearn.?
[误]Helearnedphysicsisdifficult.?
[正]Itisverydifficultforhimtolearnphysics.?
[析]要学习英语的表达法而不要生硬地按字去译中文。Itisdifficultforsomebodytodosomething.为"对于某人来说做某事很困难。"?
difficulty?
[误]Therewaslittledifficultytofindhim.?
[正]Therewaslittledifficultyinfindinghim.?
[析]这种用法还有trouble,即difficulty(trouble)indoingsomething.
dinner?
[误]Whendidyouhavethesupper??
[正]Whendidyouhavesupper??
[析]英语中一日三餐前无冠词,例如:?
[误]Ihadalunchat12oclock.?
[正]Ihadlunchat12oclock.?
[析]在某些特定场合,如指某次宴会,则要加冠词,如:Thedinnerwasgiveninhonouroftheguest.?
dress?
[误]Myfatherboughtanewdressforhimselfyesterday.?
[正]Myfatherboughtanewsuitforhimselfyesterday.?
[析]一般来讲男套装用suit,女服则用dress;作男服的服装店是tailorshop(tailors),而做女装的服装店是dressmakers.?
[误]Themotherdressedtheclothesonherchild.?
[正]Themotherdressedherchild.?
[析]dress作及物动词当"穿衣服"讲时,其后不能接衣服而只能接人,如:Theboyisstilltooyoungtodresshimself.但作为一种穿着打扮的状态时,则多用其过去分词作形容词,如:Heisnotdressedinhisnewsuit.或Sheisdressedinred.词组dressup是过节日时应服装整齐,如:Theydressedupfortheholiday.
dresshaveonputonwear?
要区别这几个动词需分清是表示动作的动词还是表示状态的动词。表示状态的动词是haveon和wear,如:Hehasonawhitecoat.Hewaswearingheavyshoes.而puton则表示穿衣的动作,如:Putonyourcoat,itiscoldoutside.而dress即可以作状态又可以作动作,作动作讲时其后面接人而不能接衣服,作穿着状态时则多用dressed的形式。如:Isawaladydressedinred.Isawagirldressingherself.?
drop?
[误]Thestudentsfelltheirvoice.?
[正]Thestudentsdroppedtheirvoice.?
[析]drop与fall都可以表示"落下、掉下"之意,有时可以互换,如:Thedictionaryfell(dropped)fromthetable.但drop还可以作及物动词,而fall一般只能作不及物动词。?
[误]Ishalldropinyou.?
[正]Ishalldropinonyou.?
[析]dropin是随便拜访某人,而其后要接人时应加介词on再加人称。?
during?
[误]DuringIwassick,Icouldnteatwell.?
[正]WhileIwassick,Icouldnteatwell.?
[析]during后不能接从句,而when和while后可接从句。?
[误]IhavebeenstudyingEnglishduringthreedays.?
[正]IhavebeenstudyingEnglishforthreedays.?
[析]during不能表达一个动作持续多长的时间,而只能表达在某段时间内某事件的发生。即带有由during引导的时间状语的句子只能用过去时,不能用完成时。?