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小学英语复习课教案

发表时间:2021-05-02

2011届中考英语常见习惯用语复习。

老师工作中的一部分是写教案课件,大家在仔细设想教案课件了。写好教案课件工作计划,我们的工作会变得更加顺利!你们知道适合教案课件的范文有哪些呢?下面是由小编为大家整理的“2011届中考英语常见习惯用语复习”,欢迎大家与身边的朋友分享吧!

常见习惯用语
?
(一) 知识概要?
由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处,所以造成了许多同学在做选择或书写,或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例如一个小女孩十分好看,可爱,外国人见到时会讲:Youaresobeautiful?这时的答语应该是Thankyou?如果外国人发现你的英语不错,他们会讲:YourEnglishisverygood?这时中国人常常会说:不,我说的不好。这纯是一种礼貌的答语,但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是Thankyou?虽然交际英语有一些规律可讲,但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯,了解他们的文化背景,历史渊源,这样才能真正的学好一门外语。??
(二) 正误辨析?
[误]-WhatcanIdoforyou??
-Yes,pleasehelpme??
[正]-WhatcanIdoforyou??
-Idliketobuyasweater??
[析]WhatcanIdoforyou?这一问语实际上用于的情景很多,要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为:您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为:我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。?
[误]-Whichcolourdoyoulike??
-Sorry,Idontlike??
[正]-Whichcolourdoyoulike??
-Ipreferblue??
[析]由which来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择,而不能泛指,泛泛的回答。如Yes,Ilikeit??
[误]Doyouliketocomewithustonight??
[正]Wouldyouliketocomewithustonight??
[析]Doyoulike…问的是对方的习惯,如:Doyoulikeswimming?Doyoulikecollectingstamps?而wouldyoulike…则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种:?
Shallwego?我们走吧!?
Letsgo?让我们走吧!?
Howabouthavingacupoftea?喝杯茶如何??
Whataboutacupofcoffee?喝杯咖啡如何??
Whynotbuyit?为什么不买呢??
其肯定答语一般为Certainly,Yes,O.K. Allright,Withpleasure??
[误]Sorry,Ivekeptyouwaiting??
Notatall??
[正]Sorry,Ivekeptyouwaiting??
Nevermind??
[析]"介意不介意"这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如:?
-Doyoumindmysmokinghere??-_________?
A. Yes,doitplease??
B. No,ofcoursenot??
C. Yes,takeitplease??
D. No,youcanttakeit??
这时正确的选择应是B。其意为:不介意,当然不。而A选项则自相矛盾了,它应译为:是的我介意,请抽吧。而D选项是:不介意,你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时,可以有以下问法:
DoyoumindifIopenthedoor??
Wouldyoumindmailingtheletterforme??
其答语如果是同意应为:Certainlynot,notatall?
而不同意时应为Yes,或Imsorry??
[误]Whatsthatman??
HeisMike??
[正]Whatsthatman??
Heisateacher??
[正]Whosthatman??
HeisMike?(HeisMikesfather?)?
[析]由what提问是问的职业,由who提问问的是姓名或身份。?
[误]-Howmucharethey??
-Halfakilo,please??
[正]-Howmanybananasdoyouwant??
-Halfakilo?Please??
[析]Howmucharethey?问的是价格而不是实际物品的多少。?
[误]Imsorry,butisthisthewaytothepark??
[正]Excuseme,butisthisthewaytothepark??
[析]Imsorry是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而Excuseme?是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。?
[误]-Haveagoodtimetonight!?
-Youarethesame??
[正]-Haveagoodtimetonight!?
-Thesametoyou??
[析]Thesametoyou是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚,它是美语中的习惯用法。?
[误]-Whatstheproblem??
-Ivegotaheadache??
[正]Whatswrongwithyou??
Ivegotaheadache??
[析]Whatswrongwithyou?是询问对方身体状态如何,而Whatstheproblem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。?
[误]-Now,Imback?CanIplay??
-Perhaps?Youdbetterdoyourhomeworkfirst??
[正]-Now,Imback?CanIplay??
-Imafraidnot?Youdbetterdoyourhomeworkfirst??
[析]Perhaps是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论,如:AmIright?Perhaps?而Imafraidnot?则表达一种不同意的态度。beafraid的几种用法有:?
Imafraidthatyouareright??
其后直接加宾语从句。?
-Willyoucometomybirthdayparty??
-Imafraidnot?Ihavetogotoseemyfather?Heisinhospital??
其后+not,表示否定。?
-Sorry,Idontwanttogotherealone,Imafraidofthedog??
其后+名词,表示对某人,某物的害怕。?
Maryisafraidofmakingmistakesintheexam??
其后+of+动名词,表示害怕做某事。?
Maryisafraidtoseetheteacherbecauseshedidntdowellintheexam??
其后+不定式,表示不敢去做某事。?
[误]-Howsoonwillyoubeready??
-Twodays??
[正]-Howsoonwillyoubeready??
-Intwodays??
[析]此题关键是要根据情景,身临其境,要注意的是对方问了什么,就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。Howsoon问的是"还有多久才能作完",这时要用intwodays,即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用Howlong提问,则答语可以用twodays。?
[误]-WouldyoumindifIhavesometimeoff??
-Idontmind??
-MondayandTuesdayofnextweek??
[正]-WouldyoumindifIhavesometimeoff??
-Whenexactly??
-MondayandTuesdayofnextweek??
[析]有的对话是复杂的,稍有不慎就有可能选错,而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。Idontmind是可以用来回答Wouldyoumind…这一提问的,但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用whenexactly?什么时间,这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。?
[误]SupposeyournameisTom?Thephoneringsandyoupickitup?Thefirstwordyousaywillprobablybe"Whoareyou?"?
[正]SupposeyournameisTom?Thephoneringsandyoupickitup?Thefirstwordyousaywillprobablybe"Hello?ThisisTomspeaking?"?
[析]在英语学习中,习惯用法实际上在某种情况,或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析,它们可能都是对的。比如,当你拿起电话时,如果你想知道对方是谁,可以问"Whosthat(speaking)?"但不要讲"Whoareyou?"如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲"Thisis××××speaking"而不要讲"Im ××××"也不要讲"Mynameis×××××." 就语法而论,"Whoareyou?""Im××××?""Mynameis×××××?"并不错,也是英语中可用的句子,但就打电话这一场合,就不宜用了。?
[误]-Doyouthinkitsgoingtorainovertheweekend??
-Idonthopeso??
[正]-Doyouthinkitsgoingtorainovertheweekend??
-Ihopenot??
[析]由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉,如在肯定答语中Ithinkso?Ihopeso?Ibelieveso?是相同的,但在否定句中却常用Idontthinkso?但Idontbelieveso?和Idonthopeso?则意为:我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而Ibelievenot?和Ihopenot?则为:我想可能不会发生吧!?
[误]-Isanybodythere??
-No,BobandTomhaveaskedforleave??
[正]-Iseverybodythere??
-No,BobandTomhaveaskedforleave??
[析]许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前,而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词,用anybody。但是Isanybodythere?在英语中为:这里有人吗?而Iseverybodythere?为:全都到齐了吗?所以首先要考虑的是其答语。No,BobandTomhaveaskedforleave??
[误]-Yourhandwritingisverygood!?
-No,myhandwritingisverypoor??
[正]-Yourhandwritingisverygood!?
-Thankyou??
[析]中国人遇到别人称赞,总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时,就应说:Thankyou?又比如中国人见面时常讲Whereareyougoing?或Haveyouhadyourbreakfastyet?而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话,如:Hello!Howareyougoing?(你过得怎样)Morning!等。而goodmorning?和Howdoyoudo?则被认为是较正规的问候语,在日常生活中则十分少见。?
[误]WhenyouhavehaddinnerwithanAmericanfriendandwanttoleaveyoumaysay:"Excuseme?Illgofirst?"?
[正]WhenyouhavehaddinnerwithanAmericanfriendandwanttoleaveyoumaysay:"Excuseme?Ihavetogo?"?
[析]这两句答语都是正确的,其关键不是语法,而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲Illgofirst?朋友们会迷惑不解,而Ihavetogo?则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去,而你本人则十分不愿做此事。?
[误]-Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight??
-Idliketo,andImtoobusy??
[正]-Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight??
-Idliketo,butImtoobusy??
[析]Imtoobusy?与Idliketo?在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境,更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。?
[误]-WheresDeter??
-Deterwillcomewithustonightbutheisntverysureyet??
[正]-WheresDeter??
-Determaycomewithustonightbutheisntverysureyet??
[析]由于but所引出的句子可以看出Deter的来与不来是十分不确定的,所以应用may来表达一个不肯定的事件。?
[误]-Hi,haventseenyouforages!Youlookfine!?
-Great?Youlookwelltoo??
[正]-Hi,haventseenyouforages!Youlookfine!?
-Thanks?Youlookwelltoo??
[析]要注意的是Great在口语中多表示惊叹,而Thanks则表示感谢对方的称赞。?所以对情景谈话要有准确的判定,要根据情景,身临其境,上下对照,周密思考,弄清场合,注意英美人的风俗习惯,注重语义上的词语辨析,并要进行大量的语言实践练习,扩大实际交际能力。??
(三) 例题解析?
1? -Wouldyouliketohavesomerice??
-_________.?
A? Yes,IlikeB? Yes,pleaseC? ofcourseD? Yes,Ihave
?
[答案]B.?
[析]当对方对你发出邀请的问语时,如果你想接受则讲Yes,please?如不想接受则用No,thanks??
2? -Nicetoseeyou?
?-_________.?
A? GoodmorningB? Happytomeetyou,too?
C? Nicetoseeyou,tooD? Pleasedtomeetyou,too
?
[答案]C.?
[析]虽然A、B、D三个选项都可以作为某种问候语的答语,但英语中问候语的答语多用重复对方的话,以表达同样的心情。?
3? -Wouldyoupleasegivemesomewater??
-_________.?
A? Yes,IwouldB? CertainlyC? No,thanksD? Yes,please
?
[答案]B.?
[析]当对方发出十分礼貌的请求帮助的问语时,一般的回答是肯定的。而Yes,please?为"是的,您请做某事吧"。这一含意显然不对。?
4? -Thankyouverymuchforhelpingme??
-_________.?
A? YourewelcomeB? Itdoesntmatter
C? NoneedD? Dontsaythat
?
[答案]A.?
[析]Yourewelcome译为中文为:不用谢。而Itdoesntmatter则为:没关系。?
5? -Hello,Lucy?Howareyou??
-_________Andyou??
A? Fine,thanksB? Yes,Iam
C? GladtomeetyouD? Goodafternoon
?
[答案]A.?
[析]在正常交往中一定要避免所问非所答。所以对Howareyou?的答语应为"很好,谢谢!"?
6? -Helpyourselftosomemeat??
-_________?
A? Itsoundsnice.B? Yes,please.?
C? Yes,Letshelpeachother.D? Thankyou.
?
[答案]D.?
[析]Helpyourselftosomemeat.你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意为主人劝客人不要客气,像在家里一样。?
7? -Oh,Iamnotfeelingwell?Ivegotacold??
-_________?
A? Fine,Howareyou?B? Nevermind?Takecare?
C? Well,Imsuretogetweelsoon.D? Imsorrytohearthat?
?
[答案]D.?
[析]这是美国、英国的习惯用语,而B、C则是中国人常讲的答语。?
8? -MeimeiyouspeakEnglishverywell??
-_________.?
A? No,IdontthinksoB? Thankyouverymuch?
C? NotgoodenoughD? Thatsallright
?
[答案]B.?
9? -"Kate,couldyouanswerthetelephone,please?"?
-_________,Mum?Illgetit.?
A? Yes,IcouldB? No,thanks?
C? O?K?D? Yes,butIhavenotime
?
[答案]C.?
[析]要注意could用于口语中是为了讲话的口气委婉,但它不是过去时态,也不是助动词,而应看作情态动词。所以在答语中则不应这样用。?
10? -CouldyoulookafterPollyformewhilewereaway??
-_________?
A? No,thanks.B? Withpleasure.?
C? Imnotafraid.D? Imsureyouwill.
?
[答案]B.?
[析]Withpleasure?是英语中的一句十分客气的答语,用在当对方因你的帮助或你的许诺向你道谢时,表达自己十分乐意为对方效力的口气。?
11? -Hello!CouldIspeaktotheheadmaster,please??
-_________?
A? Holdon,please.B? Thatstheheadmaster,please.?
C? Whoareyou?please.D? Sorry?Imnottheheadmaster.
?
[答案]A.?
[析]holdon,please?是指请对方等一等不要将电话放下的用语。如果要讲我就是的话不能用that,而要用this,在电话用语中that指对方,this指自己。?
12? -Happybirthday!?
-_________?
A? Thankyou.B? Thesametoyou.?
C? Goodluck.D? Congratulations.
?
[答案]A.?
[析]thesametoyou是同样祝贺对方的意思,不能用于生日这一祝贺语,除非两人的生日在同一天。?
13? -ImsorryIdontknowtheway,either?Youdbetteraskthatpolicemanforhelp??
-_________?
A? Goodnight.B? Thatsnothing.?
C? Verywell.D? Thankyouallthesame.
?
[答案]D.?
[析]当向对方求助时,对方无能为力,这时的感谢语则为Thankyouallthesame?意为不管如何还是要谢谢你。?
14? -Ifellandhurtmyleglastweek,SoIcantdoanything??
-_________.?
A? ImsorryB? Dontworry
C? GoodluckD? Badluck
?
[答案]D.?
[析]如果用A则要用Imsorrytohearthat?而不能单用Imsorry?因Imsorry是向对方道歉。而badluck为真是不幸啊。?
15? -_________?
-Ihavegotacough??
A? Whatsyourtrouble?B? Whathaveyougot??
C? Whydidyoucomehere?D? Haveyougotacough?
?
[答案]A.?
[析]Whatsyourtrouble?多用于问对方有什么问题、麻烦或得了什么病。这种用语还有Whatswrongwithyou??
16? -Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithme??
-_________?
A? Yes,Idloveto.B? Thatsright.
C? Yes,please.D? Quitewell.
?
[答案]A.?
[析]表示愿意作某事应讲:Idloveto?Idliketo??
17? -Whatstheweatherliketoday!?
-_________?
A? Itsniceforawalk.B? Ilikeautumnbestofall.?
C? Itwillbefinetomorrow.D? Itsrathercoldtoday.
?
[答案]D.?
[析]本题要注意问的是什么,不要所问非所答。因问题是今天的天气怎样,所以只能选D
18? -IsJanein,please?Iwanttospeaktoher??
-Sorry,sheisout?Youdbetter_________.?
A? visitherintheofficeB? callherlater?
C? seeherthisafternoonD? speaktoheryourself
?
[答案]B.?
[析]callherlater晚些时候再来电话。?
19? -_________?
-Verywell,thankyou,andyou??
A? Howdoyoudo?B? Goodmorning??
C? Howareyouthesedays?D? HowdoyoulikeEnglish?
?
[答案]C.?
[析]本题是由答语来推断问话,所以应熟悉英语的问答习惯:Howdoyoudo?的答语应为Howdoyoudo??
20? -Howisyourmother??
-_________?
A? Sheisold.B? Sheisnobetterthanshewas.?
C? Sheiskind?hearted.D? Sheisinherforties.
?
[答案]B.?
[析]Howisyourmother?问的是你妈身体如何,而B选项则是"她不比以前强"。而其他三个选项则是所问非所答。?
21? -Thankyouverymuchforyourhelp??
-_________.?
A? YourewelcomeB? Pleasedont
C? TheresnotroubleD? No,no
?
[答案]A.?
22? Yourunclehastakenyoutothecinema?Afterwardsyouthankhim?
Hesays"_________."?
A? ItwasnothingB? Imgladyouenjoyedit?
C? DontsayitD? No,neednt
?
[答案]B.?
[析]这是英语的答语,千万不要选A,因它是中文习惯的答语。?
23? -Thankyouforyourgoodpresent??
-_________.?
A? ItsnotgoodB? No,no
C? MypleasureD? Nevermind
?
[答案]C.?
24? Whensomeonedidagooddeedforyou,youshouldsay_________.?
A.youaretoogoodB.ItsverykindofyouC.youareverykindD.Illthankyou
[答案]B.?
25? -Iamverysorry?Iamlatefordinner??
-_________.?
A.No,youarentB.ThatsallrightC.Yes,youareD.No,youdont
[答案]B.?
[析]Thatsallright?没关系。?
26? -ImsorryifIhurtyou??
-_________.?
A? ImsorryB? Itsnottrue?
C? ItdoesntmatterD? Dontsaysorry
?
[答案]C.?
27? -Ishouldhavegonetoseetheexhibitionwithyou??
-_________.?
A? ImsorryB? Whatapity?
C? ItdoesntmattertomeD? Thatsterrible
[答案]B.?
[析]Whatapity.真遗憾。第一句应为我真该和你一起去展览会。?
28? -Helpyourselftosomefish??
-_________.?
A? YouareverykindB? Yes,Imhelpingmyself?
C? ThankyouD? Yes,dontworryaboutme
[答案]C.?
29? -Areyouready??-______.?
A? ImverysorryB? Trytobepatient?
C? Notyet,waitaminuteD? Doyouhavethetime,please?
[答案]C.?
[析]notyet意为还没有完成。?
30? -Mum,Ihavepassedtheexam??
-_________.?
A? ThatsallrightB? Congratulations
C? YouareluckD? Goodlucktoyou
[答案]B.?
31? -IthinkIhavetoleave?Ihopewecangettogetheragain??
-_________.?
A? AllrightB? Thatsallright
C? O?K?D? Ihopeso,too
[答案]D.?
32? MustIwaittillhecomesback??.?
A? No,youneedntB? No,youmustnt?
C? No,youmaynotD? No,youcant
[答案]A.?
[析]must提问表示必须这样做吗?而肯定句要用must,表示必须做,而否定句则要用neednt表示没有必要做。?
33? -_________Ipayyouthehouserentrightaway??
-Yes,youhavetodoit??
A? ShallB? WayC? MustD? Have
[答案]C.?
34? -Dontyouthinkthiscolouristoobright??
-_________?
A? Yes,Iagree.B? Yes,butIdontthinkso.?
C? Yes,ofcoursenot.D? Yes,whatswrong?
[答案]A.?
35? -Itwascoldyesterday??
-_________.?
A? SowasitB? Soitwas
C? IbelievenotsoD? Ibelievenot
[答案]B.?
[析]当答语只是重复对方讲的话时,则不用倒装。因soitwas即为:是的,天气昨天很冷。而当讲前面讲的动作也适合于另一个人时,则要倒装。如:Iwenttothecinemayesterday?SodidI?表示对方去了电影院,我也去了。?
36? -Whatdoyouthinkofthesong??
-_________.?
A? IlikemusicverymuchB? Ilikeittoo?
C? WithpleasureD? Itsoundssweet
[答案]D.?
[析]sound在这里是系动词,为听起来很甜美。系动词后要用形容词,而不要用被动语态。?
37? Doyouliketeaorcoffee??_________.?
A? Yes,IdoB? Thankyou
C? ThatsfineD? Eitherwilldo
[答案]D.?
[析]eitherwilldo?为两者哪个都可以。?
38? Ilikeyoursweaterverymuch??_________.?
A? No,itsuglyB? Sorry
C? ThankyouD? Yourewelcome
[答案]C.?
[析]这是英美语言的习惯。?
39? Helikestravellingbytrain??_________.?
A? SodoIB? Idos
C? IlikesoD? Ilikeit,neither
[答案]A.?
40? -Howdoyoulikeyourschool??
-_________.?
A? IlikeitverymuchB? Itsverybeautiful?
C? IdoesntlikeitD? Verywell
[答案]B.?
[析]Howdoyoulike…是问你们学校是怎样值得你热爱的。也就是为什么你热爱你的学校。?
41? Whataniceday!?_________?
A? Youreright.B? No,isntit?
C? Yes,isntit?D? Really?
[答案]C.?
[析]Yes,isntit?是的,难道不是个好天气吗??
42? -Hello,_________??
-ThisisDellaspeaking??
A? WhoareyouB? AreyouTom?
C? WhoisthatD? Pleasetellmewhoareyou
[答案]C.?
[析]电话用语中that指对方,而this指自己。?
43? -Whatshelike??
-_________.?
A? HelikesEnglishB? Heisold?
C? HeislikeafarmerD? Heistallandthis
[答案]D.?
[析]要区分Whatshelike?如Whatdoeshelike?前者为:他长得什么样?而后者是:他喜欢什么。?
44? Howdidyoudoyourjob??
Notverywell,_________.?
A? ImsureB? Iamafraid
C? ThankyouD? Imsorry
[答案]B.?
[析]Iamafraid我恐怕是,我想是。?
45? -_________youraunt??
-Sheisaprincipalofamiddleschool??
A? WhatdoesB? Wheredoes
C? WhatisD? Whomis
[答案]C.?
46? -_________?
-Heismyboss??
A? Whatstheman?B? Whoistheman??
C? Howistheman?D? Whatdoesthemando?
[答案]B.?
47? -MayIhaveyourname??
-_________.?
A? No,noB? Yourepolite
C? CallmeJohnD? Itskindofyou
?
[答案]C.?
48? -ShallImakecoffeeforyou??
-_________.?
A? Yes,thankyouB? No,donttrouble?
C? Donttroublethis,thankyouD? No,dontmakeit
?
[答案]A.?
49? -CouldyoushowmethewaytoMr?Buownsoffice??
-_________.?
A? NotatallB? Imsure
C? AllrightD? Icandoit
?
[答案]C.?
50? -Shallwegoswimmingtomorrowafternoon??
-_________.?
A? ItsverykindofyouB? Youaresothoughtful?
C? ThatsagoodideaD? Yes,wellgo
?
[答案]C.?

扩展阅读

2011届中考英语主要句式复习


主要句式
?(一)知识概要
?初中所学的句型一般要分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。?陈述句中有肯定句与否定句之分。其中可以分为以下五种:①主语+不及物动词。如:Iarrivedatsixlastnight.②主语+及物动词+宾语,如:IboughtagoodEnglish?ChineseDictionaryyesterday.③主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,如:PleasetellmeastorybeforeIgotobed.这样可加双宾语的句子有buy,tell,give,ask,pass,teach.④主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语,如:Ifounditimpossibletodoit.Pleasekeeptheclassroomcleanandtidy.⑤主语+系动词+表语,如:TomisanAmericanboy.Thegrassturnedgreeninspring.在初中常见的句型中有Therebe…句型,表示存在某种事物,如:Thereisamaponthewall?其be动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致。要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后,也要保持be动词,不要换用have,如:Thereisgoingtobeameetingtomorrow.?在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题,即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。要注意的有如下几点:①用and连接两个主语时一般应视为复数,但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式,如:Asingeranddanceriscomingtoourparty.asingeranddancer既歌唱又可舞的演员。而asingerandadancer则要译为:一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。②有些以s结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数,如:Thenewsisgood(news为不可数名词)。③有量词时应按量词的数量计算;如:Thispairofglassesisgood?Myglassesarebroken.④有些形单却意为复数的名词,如:Peoplearecominghere?这样的词还有Police,如果要讲一个警察时,应讲apoliceman。两个警察为twopolicemen。又如apolicewoman,twopolicewomen?⑤ 所有不定代词each,either,neither,one,theother,nobody,nothing,anyone,anything,someone,something…要作为单数如:Someoneiswaitingforyou??在并列句中表示联合关系的连词有:andnotonly…butalso, neither…nor, either…or?如:Mysisterandmyparentsaregoingtothecinema。表示转折关系的并列连词有:but和yet,如:Sheisagoodstudent,butshedidntpassthefinalexam.又如:Ithinkthenewsisstrange,yetitistrue?表示选择关系的连词有:or,either…or,如:Hurryup,oryouwillbelateforschool?表示因果关系的并列连词有:for,so如:Theystudiedveryhard,sotheyallpassedtheexam??在初中范围复合句中主要有状语从句和宾语从句(名词性从句)两种,而定语从句(形容词性从句)要在高中讲述,为了使同学阅读文章方便,我们将在下面另一章予以介绍。我们首先来看宾语从句。① 在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语,如:Iknewtheman,而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语,如:Iknewthathewasagoodman?这时宾语从句的连接词有that,(that只在从句中起联接作用,不在句中充当语法成分,既不是主语也不是宾语,所以在口语中常常被省略。如:Iamsure(that)shehaspassedtheexam?②if,whether它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用,不起语法作用,当作是否讲。从句中有ornot结构时,要用whether,如:Iaskhimif(whether)hehashadhislunch?Iaskshimwhetherhehashadhislunchornot? ③ what它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外,还要作主语或宾语成份,如:Idontunderstandwhatyousaid?(what作said的宾语)。又如:Iaskedhimwhatmadehimsick(what在宾语从句中作主语)。④ who,它也和what一样,在句中除作连接词外,可以充当句中的成份,如:Iknowwhosheislookingfor?⑤ whose如:Iwanttoknowwhosebookthisis?⑥ which如:Doyouknowwhichbookismine??在连接词中还有4个常用的连接副词,① how它的应用最广,如:howmuch,howmany,howlong,howsoon,howold…。如:Howmuchdoesitcost?② when它只是连接时间状语,如:Pleasetellmewhenthemeetingwillbegin?③ where它连接地点状语,如:Whereareyoufrom?④ why它要连接的是原因状语从句,如:TheteacheraskedwhyTomdidntcometoschool.在考试中常见到的考点是:?宾语从句的时态与主句时态的呼应问题。① 主句谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态,如:Iknowhedidntcome.我知道他没来。Iknowhewillcometomorrow?我知道他明天来。IknowhehasgonetoLondon?我知道他已去伦敦了。 ② 主句中的谓语动词若是过去时,宾语从句也要用过去时态中的某一种。比如:一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时。除了在表达宇宙中的客观真理时,不能用现在时态。如:Iwantedtoknowwhenhewouldcome?Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun??状语从句主要有时间状语从句,其连接词有:after,before,when,as,assoonas,until(till),while,since,by?其中较难掌握的有以下几点:?① until(till)直到,在用until表达时间状语的句子中,主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词,它要用肯定句,如:Istudiedharduntil12oclocklastnight.如果动词是瞬间截止性动词,则要用否定句,如:Hedidntgotobeduntilhismothercameback??② 由?since,for,by,before来引导的时间状语从句。since引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间,如:IhavestudiedEnglishsince1990?而由by引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间,如:Ihadlearned25Englishsongsbytheendoflastterm?而before则多用于完成时,ago则多用于一般过去时,如:Hehadfinishedhisworkbeforetwelveyesterday?Ileftmyhometowntwoyearsago?③ 在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,如:Ifitrains,theywontgotothepark onSunday?也可以主句是一般过去时,从句用一般过去进行时,如:Hesaidifitrainedthenextdayhewouldnotgotothepark?考试中常见的考点有:要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句,因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态,如:Iwanttoknowifhewillcomeheretomorrow?在宾语从句中的条件状语从句与主句的关系,如:Iwanttoknowifitrainshewillcomeheretomorrow??在原因状语从句中主要是① because,应译为"因为"。它表达的因果关系最强,如:Hedidntpasstheexambecausehedidntstudyhard?② since应译为"既然",如:Sinceyouwereillyesterday?Ileftsomenotesonyourdesk?③ as应译为"由于",如:Asitistoohotwedbettergoswimming?since与as所表达的因果关系远比because弱得多。而for表达的因果关系最弱。它不能用于句首,如:Hestudieshard,forhewantstogotocollege??在比较状语从句中有同级比较as…as,如:Thisbookisasgoodasthatone?要注意的有两点:① as…as中间要用原级而不是比较级。② 用形容词还是副词,如:MarywritesascarefullyasTom?而其否定句为notas(so)…as,如:Theydidntworksohardaswedid,而不同级比较用比较级加than,如:HeisyoungerthanIam?要注意的是表示"越来越"这一概念时有两个句型:① 比较级+and+比较级,如:Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger?Thelittlegirlisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful?② 定冠词the+比较级+the+比较级,如:Theharderyoustudy,themoreyoucanlearn??方式状语中要注意的是as(连词)与like(介词)的区别。as作为连词其后接从句,如:PleasedoitasIdidit?但后面的句子常作省略,如:PleasedoitasI?而like是介词,其后要接的是宾语,如:Pleasedoitlikeme??结果和目的状语从句主要有so…that,sothat,inorderthat等几种用法。① so…that?用在单数可数名词前,so+形容词+a+名词+that,如:Sheissobeautifulagirlthateveryonelikesher?或用such+a+形容词+名词+that,如:Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthateveryonelikesher?② 在不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用such,如:Itissuchgoodweatherwewanttogoforapicnic?又如:Theyaresuchgoodplayersthattheyshouldwinthegame. ③ 在much,many,few,little之前只能用so,如:IhavesolittlemoneythatIcantbuyit?④ so…that之间只有形容词时,则不能用such,如:ItissogoodthatIwanttobuy?⑤ sothat其后接从句,如:IgotupearliersothatIcouldcatchthefirstbus???
(二) 正误辨析?
[误]Thestoriesinthatbookwaswrittenmanyyearsago??
[正]Thestoriesinthatbookwerewrittenmanyyearsago.?
[析]作主语的名词、代词或不定式、动名词,它们往往要带有修饰词,这些词可能是形容词,也可能是短语,但谓语动词还是要取决于这个主语的数,要记住的是一个名词不可能在同一句中作两个不同的语法成份,如:book作了of的介词宾语则不可能再作主语了。?
[误]Toreadmanybooksaregoodforyou??
[正]Toreadmanybooksisgoodforyou??
[析]不定式作主语应该看作单数主语。?
[误]Whathesaidareright??
[正]Whathesaidisright??
[析]从句作主语一定要按单数主语看待。?
[正]Therichisnotalwayshappy??
[误]Thericharenotalwayshappy??
[析]形容词+定冠词表示一类人,谓语动词应用复数,如:Theyoungareveryinterestedinstudyandsports??
[误]Theschoolmasterandwriterarecoming??
[正]Theschoolmasterandwriteriscoming??
[析]本句应译为:校长兼作家就要来了。而Theschoolmasterandthewriterarecoming?则要译为:校长和一个作家要来了。在英语表达法中确实有Thegirlandboyareplayingonthegrass?这应译为:一个女孩,一个男孩在操场上玩。因为不可能这样两个概念作用在一个人身上。又如:thehusbandandwife?夫妻二人。?
[误]Youorshegotogetsomewaterforus??
[正]Youorshegoestogetsomewaterforus??
[析]由or连接的两个主语应以离谓语动词近的那一个计算其数。这样的用法还有either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso也有人称作"就近原则"。?
[误]Theteacherwithalotofstudentscomeintotheclassroom??
[正]Theteacherwithalotofstudentscomesintotheclassroom??
[析]真正的主语是theteacher,而with短语是伴随状态,不影响主语的数。?
[误]Myglassesisbroken??
[正]Myglassesarebroken??
[误]Thispairofglassesaregood??
[正]Thispairofglassesisgood??
[误]Thesekindsofbutterisgood.?
[正]Thesekindsofbutteraregood??
[析]英语中有些名词只有复数形式,如:glasses眼镜,shorts短裤等。如没有量词在前时,要用复数谓语动词,但有了量词之后则要按量词的单复数计算。?
[误]Oneoftheboysaregoingtotakepartinthematch??
[正]Oneoftheboysisgoingtotakepartinthematch??
[析]Oneof结构应以one来计算主语的数。?
[误]Halfoftheworkaredone??
[正]Halfoftheworkisdone??
[误]Halfofthebooksisread??
[正]Halfofthebooksareread??
[析]在小于1的数量词作主语时,如:23,80%,0.35…+of+名词,这时主语的数应按of后面的名词计算。如果名词是不可数名词或可数名词单数,则谓语动词要用单数,如名词是复数则要用复数谓语动词。?
[误]Eachsidesarefulloftrees??
[正]Eachsideisfulloftrees??
[误]Bothsideisfulloftrees??
[正]Bothsidesarefulloftrees??
[析]each,either其后都要加单数名词,而both后要加复数名词。如:each,either,another,little,alittle,much等作主语时,谓语动词全部要用单数形式。?
[误]Theboyseachhasanapple??
[正]Theboyseachhaveanapple??
[析]each作同位语时,不影响句子的主语。?
[误]Everyoneofushasaticketfortheconcert??
[正]Everyoneofushasaticketfortheconcert??
[析]everyone,someone,everybody…在作主语时都不能加of结构。
[误]Girlslikedancingverymuch,butfewlikesplayingfootball??
[正]Girlslikedancingverymuch,butfewlikeplayingfootball??
[析]few虽然含意上是"几乎没有",但作主语时仍要当作复数。?
[误]Thenumberoftheworkersinthatfactoryaretwohundred??
[正]Thenumberoftheworkersinthatfactoryistwohundred??
[析]thenumberof意为:某某的数字是……如:thenumberofstudents学生人数,thenumberofplayers运动员人数。不论数字如何都应看作单数。而anumberof与many意思相同,其后加可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式。如:Anumberofstudentsareplayingonthegrass??
[误]Therestofthestudentsishere??
[正]Therestofthestudentsarehere??
[误]Therestoftheworkaredone??
[正]Therestoftheworkisdone??
[析]therestof的用法与2/3,一半,80%+of的结构一致,of后面为可数名词复数时用复数谓语动词,为不可数名词或可数名词单数时用单数谓语动词。这样用法还有lotsof,alotof,plentyof。?
[误]Thenewsintodaysnewspaperarenotbad??
[正]Thenewsintodaysnewspaperisnotbad??
[析]有些以s结尾的名词要用作不可数名词,它们是:news,physics,mathematics,thanks,…?
[误]TheChineseiskindandfriendly??
[正]TheChinesearekindandfriendly??
[析]Chinese作为中文来讲是单数名词,但作为中国人讲是单复同形的名词。如:oneChinese,twoChinese…而TheChinese=ThepeopleofChina要用复数谓语动词。
[误]Thisdictionaryistooexpensiveforme?Tendollarsareabigsumforme
[正]Thisdictionaryistooexpensiveforme?Tendollarsisabigsumforme
[析]表示一段时间,一笔金钱,一段距离,都应看作单数名词。?
[误]Whoaregoingtotakepartinourfootballmatch??
[正]Whoisgoingtotakepartinourfootballmatch??
[析]用who提问时,习惯上用单数谓语动词,但which则要视其情况而定,如:whicharebettertheseshoesesorthoseshoes?又如:whichisbetterthisoneorthatone?
[误]Whatahotweatheritis!?
[误]Howhottheweatheritis!?
[正]Whathotweatheritis!?
[正]Howhottheweatheris!?
[析]感叹句是用来表达说话人的喜怒哀乐的感情。它由what与how作句子的开始,判定是用what还是用how的最好办法是将它们换为陈述句,比如:Whatthehotweatheritis!应转换为:Itisthehotweather?那么句子的起点是单词it。再来看感叹句中it前有不可数名词weather,则只能用what。再看第二句Howhottheweatheris!转为陈述句时为:Theweatherishot?这时句子的开始单词为theweather,再来看感叹句在theweather前只有形容词,所以应用how。至于是用whata还是what要看名词的具体情况而定,单数可数名词加whata其余的加用what。?
[误]Wehavetosingthis,havewe??
[误]Wehavetosingthis,haventwe??
[正]Wehavetosingthis,dontwe??
[析]在反意疑问句中除了标准的一些常规外,有一些例外:
?Letsgohome,shallwe?
Letusgohome,willyou??
Shehadtoleave,didntshe??
Doyourhomeworkatonce,willyou??
Thereisnotmuchgoodnewsintodaysnewspaper,isthere??
Neitherofthemareright,arethey??
Ithinkhewillcometothepartywonthe??
think后的宾语从句,与其他宾语从句不一样,在初中只有这样一个较特殊的词。这样的句子的反意疑问句的主语要用宾语从句中的主语,其助动词要用宾语从句的助动词,而肯定还是否定要看主句谓语动词而定,如:Idontthinkheiscomingtoourparty,ishe??
[误]Iwanttoknowwheredoeshelive??
[正]Iwanttoknowwherehelives??
[析]宾语从句中一律要用陈述语序,而不用疑问语序。?
[误]-Ihaventgotaticketforthefootballmatch??
-NorIhave??
[正]-Ihaventgotaticketforthefootballmatch??
-Nor(Neither)haveI??
[析]nor,neither用在简答否定句中时要采用倒装语序。在肯定句的简答句中则要用so,如:Idomyhomeworkveryquickly,SodoesMary??
[误]Look!Herethebuscomes!?
[正]Look!Herecomesthebus!?
[误]Look!Herecomeshe!?
[正]Look!Herehecomes??
[析]在there,here打头的句子中,如果主语是名词,则要采用倒装语序;如果是人称代词则用一般语序。?
[误]DoyouwantMarytogotothecinemawithus??
No,Idonthopeso??
[正]DoyouwantMarytogotothecinemawithus??
No,Ihopenot??
[析]我不这样想,可用Idontthinkso?但hope的否定简答句只能用Ihopenot?这是习惯用法。但这两个词的肯定简答句形是一样的,如:Ithinkso.Ihopeso??
[误]ThatisdifficultforustolearnEnglishwell??
[正]ItisdifficultforustolearnEnglishwell??
[析]It这里的语法作用是形式主语,而真正的主语是后面的不定式。形式主语和形式宾语都要用it而不能用that,如:IthinkitdifficulttolearnEnglishwell?it在这句中是think的形式宾语。??
(三) 例题解析?
1? There___apencil?boxonthedesk.?
A.isB. areC.hasD.have
[答案]A.?
[析]Therebe句形中的be动词要看其后面离它最近的名词而定,如:Therearetwobooksandapencilonthedesk?但却可以讲Thereisapencilandtwobooksonthedesk??
2? Couldyoutellme___??
A? MrsKingwherelivesB? wheredoesMrsKinglive?
C? whereMrsKinglivesD? MrsKingliveswhere
[答案]C.?
[析]宾语从句中的疑问句要用陈述语序。?
3? Yourbrothercametoseeyou,___??
A? doesheB? doesntheC? didheD? didnthe?
[答案]D.?
[析]前句是肯定句,后面反意疑问句要用否定句,同时came为过去时态,所以应用didnthe??
4? Itsgettingcloudy,___??
A? doesitB? doesntitC? isitD? isntit
[答案]D.?
[析]要区分s是has还是is,这里由getting得出s是is。?
5? ___keepmewaitingsolong.?
A? NotB? WontC? DontD? Notto
[答案]C.?
[析]Dont+动词原形为祈始句的否定句。?
6? MrGreenhasntbeentoBeijing,___??
A? hasheB? hasntheC? didheD? didnthe
[答案]A.?
[析]此句has是助动词与过去分词构成现在完成时态。?
7? Youhaveyourlunchatschool,___??
A? haveyouB? haventyouC? doyouD? dontyou?
[答案]D.?
[析]这里的have是实意动词"吃",而不是助动词。?
8? ___sunnyday!Letsgooutforawalk.?
A? HowaB? HowC? WhataD? What
[答案]C.?
[析]这个感叹句是个省略句,其真实的句子应为Whatasunnydayitis!?
9? -Canyoutellme___??-Sure?Shesanurse??
A? whereisyoursisterB? whereyoursisteris?
C? whatisyoursisterD? whatyoursisteris
[答案]D.?
[析]who问的是姓名,如:Whoishe?HeisSmith?或Heismyfather?What问的是职业,如:Whatishe?Heisateacher??
10? Johnlikeslisteningtotheradio,___??
A? doesheB? doesntheC? doesntJohnD? doesJohe
[答案]B.?
[析]当名词作主语时,反意疑问句应用代词。?
11? NeitheryounorI___ontheteam.?
A? areB? wereC? amD? is
[答案]C.?
[析]由neither…nor…作连接词作主语时,其谓语动词要与相临近的那个主语相呼应。?
12? ___deliciousfood!Idlikesomemore.?
A? whataB? HowaC? WhatD? How
[答案]C.?
[析]因food为不可数名词。?
13? ___thereacatunderthechair??
A? AreB? IsC? HasD? Have
[答案]B.?
[析]这是therebe句型的疑问句。?
14? Couldyoutellme___??
A? whenthetrainwillarriveB? whenthetrainarrived?
C? whendidthetrainarriveD? whendoesthetrainarrives
[答案]A.?
[析]could用于现在时疑问句表达了口气的委婉,并不是过去时态。且宾语从句要用陈述语句。?
15? -___badweather!?
-Yes,Butitsgoingtobefinesoon,Ithink??
A? HowB? WhataC? WhatanD? What
[答案]D.?
[析]weather为不可数名词。?
16? -Couldyoutellme___??
-Yes,They___tothelibrary??
A? wherearethetwins,havebeen
B? wherewerethetwins,havebeen?
C? wherethetwinsare,havegone
D? wherethetwinswere,havegone
[答案]C.?
[析]havebeento是去过什么地方,而现在回来了。havegoneto是到某地去了,人现在不在这里。?
17? Goand___theTVquickly?Thevolleyballmatchwillbeginrightaway.?
A? turnoffB? turndownC? turnupD? turnon?
[答案]D.?
[析]这是个祈使句,它由and连接两个动词。注意词组搭配的不同含义。
18? Letsgoforsometea,___??
A? shallweB? willweC? doweD? dontwe
[答案]A.?
[析]Letsgo…,shallwe?Letusgo…,willyou?这是两个特殊的反意疑问句。
19? Joansshort,___??
A? wasntsheB? hasntsheC? isntsheD? doesntshe
[答案]C.?
[析]在此句中应视s为is,而不是has或was。?
20? Idontknow___toreadtheword.?
A? whichB? whatC? whoseD? how
[答案]D.?
[析]因不定式toread中的read是及物动词,已有自己的宾语theword,所以应用疑问副词how。?
21? Hedidntgotoschool,___hewasill.?
A? forB? butC? andD? so
[答案]A.?
[析]这里是表示因果的关系,从句表示原因,所以用for,放于句尾,且常常前面有一个逗号。so引起的是结果状语从句,如:Hewasonlytwelve,sohecouldntjointhearmy??
22? Theyoungwomancanhardlyrideabike,___she??
A? doesntB? doesC? cantD? can
[答案]D.?
[析]hardly为否定词,所以应视此句为否定句。其后的反意疑问句应用肯定句。?
23? TomnevergoestothecinemaonSundays,___??
A? doesheB? doesntheC? isntheD? ishe
[答案]A.?
[析]never也是否定词,所以应将句子看作否定句。?
24? Mothersaidtohim,"Dont___onfootball."?
A? spendtoomuchtimeB? tospendtoomuchtime?
C? spendtoomanytimeD? tospendtoomanytime
[答案]A.?
[析]time作为"时间"讲为不可数名词,应用much来修饰。当作"次数"讲是可数名词,如threetimes三次,而Dont…这一句是祈使句的否定句。?
25? MrWhite,togetherwithsomeJapanesefriends,___visitourschoolthisafternoon.?
A? aregoingtoB? isgoingtoC? haveD? has
[答案]B.?
[析]句子的主语是Mr?White,而togetherwith…是伴随状况,不影响句子的主语。?
26? Thereislittlewaterintheglass,___??
A? isitB? isthereC? isntitD? isntthere
[答案]B.?
[析]这是therebe句型的反意疑问句。?
27? Amperewasthinkingaboutamathsproblem,___??
A? didntheB? wasntheC? didheD? ishe
[答案]B.?
[析]这是进行时态的反意疑问句。?
28? Shehadagoodtimeyesterday,___she??
A? wasntB? didntC? hasntD? isnt
[答案]B.?
[析]had这里是实意动词而不是助动词。?
29? Wellmake___foryouinthefrontofthecar.?
A? aroomB? roomC? roomsD? somerooms
[答案]B.?
[析]room此处为不可数名词,意为"地方,空间"。?
30? NeithershenorI___totheGreatwallbefore.?
A? hasgoneB? havegoneC? havebeenD? hasbeen
[答案]C.?
[析]由neither…nor连接两个主语时,其谓语动词应与相临近的那个主语相呼应。?
31? Helpmecollectthesebooks,___??
A? areyouB? willyouC? doyouD? shallyou
[答案]B.?
[析]祈使句的反意疑问句应用willyou,而Letsgo例外,其反意疑问句为shallwe?
32? Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildroses
___changemuchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.?
A? dontB? doesntC? isntD? didnt
[答案]B.?
[析]thenumberof为"……的数量、数目",所以谓语动词用单数形式。而anumberof要加复数名词,其谓语动词也用复数。?
33? Sheshadbreakfast,___??
A? issheB? isntsheC? hasntsheD? hasshe?
[答案]C.?
[析]这里的s应视为has??
34? Iwonder___.?
A? whosebicycleisitB? itiswhosebicycle?
C? isitwhosebicycleD? whosebicycleitis
[答案]D.?
[析]wonder后的宾语从句应用陈述语序。?
35? Itisgoodforus___morningexercises.?
A? doB? todoC? didD? done
[答案]B.?
[析]这里的it是形式主语,而真正的主语是不定式todo…?
36? Peterhassportsveryoften,___??
A? does,PeterB? doesntheC? doesntPeterD? doeshe?
[答案]B.?
[析]has这里是实意动词,而主语为名词时其反意疑问句中的主语要用代词。
37? Mr?Blacksaid,"Jenny,dontbelatetomorrow?"?
Mr?BlacktoldJenny___.?
A? dontbelatetomorrowB? didntbelatetomorrow?
C? notbelatenextmorningD? nottobelatethenextday
[答案]D.?
[析]tell一般要加双宾语,其间接宾语是Jenny,直接宾语是不定式。而这里用的是不定式的否定形式。?
38? LiMeireadthenewspapertothegranny,___??
A? doessheB? didntsheC? didsheD? wasntshe
[答案]B.?
[析]read这里是过去时态,因其主语是第三人称单数,而read并未加s所以是过去时态。(read的过去时与过去分词都是read,只不过读音不同)?

2011届中考英语定语从句复习


定语从句
?
(一)知识概要?
定语从句并不属于中考范围,但由于作者在多年的教学中体会到,这一语法现象影响了许多学生自学英语。这些学生一般是成绩较好的学生,想进行大量阅读来提高自己的英语水平,但总是碰到一些问题,百思不得其解。苦于自己的水平只限于初中水平,无法提高,但各种补习班又都是为一些水平较差的学生开设的,所以又投师无门。为了解决这部分学生的学习困难,也为那些有志青年铺平学习上的道路,特用这一节讲述定语从句,不是从语法上讲述,而是从阅读理解方面去讲述。可供同学们在学习时参考。这会对你的英语学习起到事半功倍的作用。?对于形容词我们已十分熟悉了,如:agoodbook,形容词good用来修饰书book。我们也可以用一个句子来修饰名词,这种句子叫做形容词性从句,它起修饰名词的作用,又被叫做定语从句(Theattributiveclause)。但有一点不同的是这个从句不是像形容词那样放于名词前,而是放在名词之后。它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词,如:Doyouknowthescientistwhogaveusthetalkthisafternoon?这句中的主句是Doyouknowthescientist?(你知道那位科学家吗?)而whogaveusthetalkthisafternoon(他今天下午给我们作的报告。)是定语从句。所以这两句话合为一体即是:你认识今天下午给我们作报告的那位科学家吗?这里scientist叫作先行词,而who叫作定语从句的引导词。who在定语从句中起主语的作用,who的数与它的先行词相同。又如:YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo?这里先行词是everything,而thatIdo是定语从句,此句应译为:你必须作我所作的一切。that叫作定语从句的引导词,在句中作do的宾语。?引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose和关系副词when,where,why,how。不论关系代词还是关系副词,都应放于先行词和定语从句之间,起联系作用,但它们都要在定语从句中起语法作用,充当一个成份。如关系代词在定语从句中不是作主语便是作宾语,而关系副词则是作状语。我们先来看关系代词的用法。① that的先行词可以是人也可以是物。如:Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly?这里先行词是machine而that是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。这句译为:飞机是一种会飞的机器。又如:Ilikethebook(that)youlentmeyesterday?这里先行词是book,关系代词用that,它在定语从句中作lend(借)的宾语。要注意的是关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略,即:Ilikethebookyoulentmeyesterday?② which关系代词的先行词只能是物。它在定语从句中作主语或宾语,如:Thebookshopisashopwhichsellsbooks?这里shop是先行词,which在从句中作主语。又如:Thebook(which)Ireadlastnightwaswonderful?这里主句是Thebookwaswonderful?而定语从句是修饰主句的主语book,即我昨晚读的那本书,which在定语从句中作read的宾语,可以省略。?③ who,whom,whose?who在定语从句中作主语,whom是who的宾格,在定语从句中作宾语,而whose则是形容词性物主代词,在从句中作定语,如:ThemanwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisanAmericanfriend?昨天参观我们学校的人是一位美国朋友。Who在定语从句中作主语。又如:Whosthatwoman(whom)youjusttalkedto?你刚才与之谈话的那个女人是谁?而whom作定语从句中介词to的宾语,可以省略,而在现代英语中,句首的whom也常常可用who代替。?Thisisourclassmate,Mary,whosehomeisnotfarfromourschool?这是我们的同学玛丽,她的家离我们学校不远。?为了便于理解,我们来看看是如何将两句话并为一句话的。?
1. Isawtheman.?Heclosedthedoor??
Isawthemanwho(that)closedthedoor?
2. Thegirlishappy?Shewontherace??
Thegirlwhowontheraceishappy?
3. ThestudentsarefromChina?Theysitinthefrontrow??
ThestudentswhositinthefrontrowarefromChina?
(要注意的是先行词是students则who的数也应看作复数。)?
4. Wearestudyingsentences?Theycontainadjectivedause??
Wearestudyingsentencesthat(which)containadjectivedause??
5. Thetaxidriverwasfriendly?Hetookmetotheairport??
Thetaxidriverwhotookmetotheairportwasfriendly??
6. Thebookwasgood?Ireadit??
ThebookthatIreadwasgood??
ThebookIreadwasgood??
7. Thepeoplewereverynice?Wevisitedthemyesterday??
Thepeoplewevisitedyesterdaywereverynice?
8. Themancalledthepolice?Hiswalletwasstolen??
Themanwhosewalletwasstolencalledthepolice?
9. Icomefromacountry?Itshistorygoesbackthousandsofyears??
Icomefromacountrywhosehistorygoesbackthousandsofyears?
10. Ihavetocalltheman?Ipickeduphisumbrellaafterthemeeting??
IhavetocallthemanwhoseumbrellaIpickedupafterthemeeting?
关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:
Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears?或可以写作:
Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears??
Hewasthemanwhom(who)youwerelookingfor?要注意的是此句的关系代词whom可以用主格取代,而lookfor是短语动词也不可将for放于定语从句之前。that作关系代词作介词宾语时,不能紧跟介词,而只能将介词置于定语从句的后面。如:Themanthatweweretalkingabouthascometoourschool?这时不可用aboutthat…请看下面例句:?
1. Themeetingwasinteresting?Iwenttoit??
ThemeetingthatIwenttowasinteresting??
2. Themanwasverykind?Italkedtohimyesterday??
ThemanwhoItalkedtoyesterdaywasverykind?
3. Imustthankthepeople?Igotapresentfromhim??
ImustthankthepeoplewhoIgotapresentfrom?
4. Thepicturewasbeautiful?Shewaslookingatit??
Thepicturethat(which)shewaslookingatwasbeautiful?
5. Themanisstandingoverthere?Itoldyouabouthim??
ThemanwhoItoldyouaboutisstandingoverthere?
?
除关系代词外,还有关系副词,when,where,why,其中when用来指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如:IneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametotheGreatWall?而where则指地点,如:Thisisthehousewheretheoldmanlives?请看下面例句:
1. Thecitywasbeautiful?Wespentourvacationthere??
Thecitywherewespentourvacationwasbeautiful?
?
2. Thatistherestaurant?Iwillmeetyouthere??
ThatistherestaurantwhereIwillmeetyou?
?
3. Thetownissmall?Igrewupthere??
ThetownwhereIgrewupissmall?
?
4. Thatisthedrawer?Ikeepmynewpapersthere??
ThatisthedrawerwhereIkeepmynewspapers?
?
5. Mondayistheday?Wewillcomethen??
Mondayistheday?Whenwewillcame?
?
6. 7∶05isthetimeMyplanearrivesthen??
7∶05isthetimewhenmyplanearrives?
?
7. 1960istheyear?Therevolutiontookplacethen??
1960istheyearwhentherevolutiontookplace?
?
8. Julyisthemonth?Theweatherisusuallythehottestthen??
Julyisthemonthwhentheweatherisusuallythehottest??
在定语从句中又可分为两大类定语从句,即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。?
① 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉的话,主句的意思就不完整,意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词,如:?Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited??
② 非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切,只是对其附加说明,也就是讲即便去掉定语从句,句意也不受影响,仍然清晰明了。这样的定语从句要在它和主句之间加一逗号分开。且关系代词不引导这种非限制性定语从句,如:AbrahamLincoln,wholedtheUnitedStatesthroughtheseyears,wasshotonApril14, 1865atatheatreinwashington?D. C. 又如:GalileolivedinthecityofPisa,wherethereisaleaningtowerabout180feethigh???
(二)正误辨析?
[误]IwonttellyouthenameofthepersonwhoteachmeEnglish??
[正]IwonttellyouthenameofthepersonwhoteachesmeEnglish??
[析]在定语从句中,关系代词作主语时,从它本身看不出其数的形式,这时要由它的先行词决定。这里who应由theperson单数决定,应该用单数谓语动词。又如:Iwhoamastudent?wanttofindasparetimejob?这里的who应与I是一致的,所以其谓语动词应该用am。?
[误]WetalkedaboutthethingsandthepeoplewhowemetduringtheSecondWorldWar??
[正]WetalkedaboutthethingsandthepeoplethatwemetduringtheSecondWorldWar??
[析]这里的关系代词不要用who,因为其先行词有两个一个是things(物),而另一个是people(人),这时既不可用who,又不可用which,因前者只能用于先行词是人的情况下,而后者则用于先行词是物的情况下,所以只能用that,因为它的先行词既可以是人又可以是物。?
[误]Thebook,thatIboughtyesterday,wasverygood?
[正]Thebook,whichIboughtyesterday,wasverygood??
[析]先行词与定语从句被逗号分割开来时,即作为非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中which,when,who,whom,where,when,whose等都可以和限制性定语从句中的作用一样,而独有that不易用于非限制性定语从句。?
[误]ThedictionarywhichIlentityesterdayisaveryusefultool??
[正]ThedictionarywhichIlentyesterdayisaveryusefultool??
[析]关系代词在定语从句中是要起语法作用的,它不是作主语就是作宾语。虽然在作宾语时它的位置由原来的宾语位置移到了句首,但它的作用依然存在,而且在原宾语位置上不能再出现宾语。?
[误]TheteacherIwanttolearnEnglishfromistheonewhichcomesfromAmerica
[正]TheteacherIwanttolearnEnglishfromistheonewhocomesfromAmerica
[析]theone,anyone,those作代词并且是指某人、物时,其关系代词不能用which应用who。?
[误]Thisistheroominthattheoldmanlives??
[正]Thisistheroominwhichtheoldmanlives??
[正]Thisistheroomwhichtheoldmanlivesin??
[正]Thisistheroomthattheoldmanlivesin??
[析]that不能紧跟在介词后作介词宾语,但如果介词不前置仍放于句尾,则可用that作引导词,而且可以省略。如:Thisistheroomtheoldmanlivesin??
[误]Icandoeverythingwhichisgoodforyou??
[正]Icandoeverythingthatisgoodforyou??
[析]在先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等不定代词时,虽然它们指的是物体,但不要用which而用that作定语从句的引导词。?
[误]Theonlythingwhichthestudentscandoisstudyinghard??
[正]Theonlythingthatthestudentscandoisstudyinghard??
[析]在先行词前有only,any,few,little,no,all,oneof等词修饰时,虽然先行词指的是物,也不要用which作关系代词,而要用that。?
[误]ThisisthefirstAmericanfilmwhichIveeverseen??
[正]ThisisthefirstAmericanfilmthatIveeverseen??
[析]在先行词是序数词,或由序数词修饰时,其关系代词不可用which?这样的用法还有在形容词最高级修饰的先行词之后,如:ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverseen
[误]HeisfromAfrica,thatwecanseefromthecolouroftheskin??
[正]HeisfromAfrica,aswecanseefromthecolouroftheskin??
[析]当as或which引导非限制性定语从句时,它可能没有明确的先行词,它们所指代的是前面整个句子。如例题应译为他是从非洲来这个事情是可以从其肤色上看出的。?

2011届中考英语连词语法复习


连词
?
(一)知识概要?
连词是一种在句子与句子之间,短语之间以及名词等其他词语之间起连接作用的虚词,它不能单独作句子的成份。按其意义可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。?并列连词连接的双方是对等的。常有的并列连词有and,both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,aswellas等。但如果连接的两部分意义不趋向一致,意义有转折的并列连词有:but,however,while(而),only(只不过)。还有表示选择关系的并列连词,如:or,orelse,otherwise…再有的是连接双方,互为因果,或表示前因后果的连词有:for,so,therefore(因此),then等。?从属连词在初中范围内常常用来连接名词性从句,如:that,if,whether,其次用来连接状语从句。其中有原因状语从句,常用的连接词有:whenwhile,as,since,before,after,once,assoonas,until,till连接条件状语的连词有:if,unless,aslongas等,而原因状语的连接词有because,since,as,nowthat(既然)。目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等状语从句的连接词有:sothat,so…that,such…that,as…as,than,where…它们在句子与文章中几乎无处不见。?具体用法见下表。?
连词用法一览表
种类功用例句
并列连词连接具有并列关系的词HeknowsneitherEnglishnorFrench.
短语Areyougoingbybusoronfoot?
分句Marywasagoodgirl,butshehadoneshortcoming.
从属连词引导:状语从句Illdoitasyoutoldme.
Youwillbelateunlessyouhurry.
连接代词和连接副词主语从句Whathesaidprovedtrue.
Whenwellstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.
表语从句Thisiswhyhedidntcomeyesterday.
Thatiswherehelives.
宾语从句ThemanaskedmewhichIlikedbest.?
Icantunderstandwhysheissolate.
关系代词和关系副词定语从句Nicotineisadrugthatgetsoneintothehabitofsmoking.?
HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.
(二)正误辨析?
[误]Bothmyparentsarenothere.Theywenttotheconcertjustnow.
[正]Neitherofmyparentsishere.Theywenttotheconcertjustnow.
[析]在英语中both一般用于肯定句中,如用于否定句中,其意义也不同于汉语,如:Bothofusarenotright.在英语中应被理解为"我们俩不都对。"而Neitherofusisright。才能被理解为"我们俩无一正确"。?
[误]Heorhisparentshassometicketsforthefilm.?
[正]Heorhisparentshavesometicketsforthefilm.?
[析]由or连接两主语时,谓语动词应与相临近的那一个主语保持一致。?
[误]Youshouldstudyhard,andyouwontpasstheexam.?
[正]Youshouldstudyhard,oryouwontpasstheexam.?
[析]or作为连词,这里的意思为"否则"。又如:Hurryup,oryoullbelateforschool.
[误]Thoughheispoor,butheisreadytohelpothers.?
[正]Thoughheispoor,heisreadytohelpothers.?
[正]Heispoor,butheisreadytohelpothers.?
[析]"虽然……但是"是中文中的常用结构,但在英文中用了"虽然"则不要用"但是",用了"但是"则不能再用"虽然",二者只可用其一。?
[误]EitheryouorIareonduty.?
[正]EitheryouorIamonduty.?
[析]either…or连接两个主语时,其谓语动词与相临近的一个主语相呼应,这也叫作就近原则。类似的用法还有or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等。?
[误]TomisourEnglishteacherandteachingEnglishinourschoolnow.?
[正]TomisourEnglishteacherandisteachingEnglishinourschoolnow.?
[析]并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略,以免重复,但不是所有词都可作任意的省略的。当你连接的是两个系动词时,后面的那个系动词不可省略,也就是讲连接的部分不可省略。?
[误]Myfatherlikesswimmingandtocollectstamps.?
[正]Myfatherlikesswimmingandcollectingstamps.?
[析]由并列连词连接的两个部分要保持相等的语法结构。如是动名词则都用动名词,如用不定式则都应用不定式,这是初学者要注意的一点。?
[误]Myfatherisreadinganewspaper,Iamdoingmyhomework.?
[正]MyfatherisreadinganewspaperwhileIamdoingmyhomework.?
[析]两个并列句中间不可用逗号连接,要用并列连词来连接。?
[误]MyfatheraskedmethatifIwantedtolearnhowtodrive.?
[正]MyfatheraskedmeifIwantedtolearnhowtodrive.?
[析]宾语从句的连接词只能有一个不能重复使用。?
[误]WewillgobothtoBeijingandShanghai.?
[正]WewillgotobothBeijingandShanghai.?
[析]用both…and…作连接词时,其相连接的部分结构也要相同。?
[误]NotonlyMarybutalsoherbrothersisgoingtodance.?
[正]NotonlyMarybutalsoherbrothersaregoingtodance.?
[析]由notonly…butalso…连接两个主语时,其重点在其后面的那一个主语,所以谓语形式应采用就近原则。?
[误]Theteacheraswellashisstudentsarecoming.?
[正]Theteacheraswellashisstudentsiscoming.?
[析]由aswellas连接两个主语时,谓语动词与aswellas后面的名词无关,而与前面的名词相一致。?
[误]Tomdoesnotswimnorplayfootball.?
[正]Tomdoesnotswimorplayfootball.?
[析]nor主要用于连接句子的对等连词,如在否定句中连接某一部分时要用or,但要注意句子的含意,如:Thisanimaldoesnotlikeacoworahorse.这个动物既不像牛也不像马。Thisanimaldoesnotlikeacowbutahorse.这个动物不像牛而像马。?
[误]Forthereisnolightintheclassroom.Thestudentsmusthavegonehome.
[正]Thestudentsmusthavegonehome,forthereisnolightintheclassroom.
[析]由for引出的原因状语从句在使用时要注意不能将该从句置于句首,而应置于主句之后,并在主句与从句之间加一逗号。更要注意的是because,as,since与for4个表示原因的连词中because是因果关系,是最强的一个,而for是最弱的一个。有些语法书中干脆把for叫做并列连词
[误]MybrotherwillpasstheEnglishexamisnoquestion.?
[正]ThatmybrotherwillpasstheEnglishexamisnoquestion.?
[析]主语从句的引导词that是不可省略的。这一点不要和宾语从句的引导词相提并论。
[误]Thismapwillshowyouhowwillyougettothehotel.?
[正]Thismapwillshowyouhowyouwillgettothehotel.?
[析]名词性从句作宾语从句使用时,最重要的一点是要用陈述语句。特别要注意的是那些使用双宾语的动词,如:tell,ask,show…?
[误]Whiletheclockstruchten,allthelightswentout.?
[正]Whentheclockstruckten,allthelightswentout.?
[析]while是强调两个动作在同时进行中,如:WhileIamdoingmyhomework,myfatherisreadinganewspaper.而这里的when是"正当某某时刻","就在这一时间点上",其重点强调在某一特定时刻某动作的发生。?
[误]WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.?
[正]WhenIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.?
[析]这里用when表达在一个动作的进行中,另一个动作突然发生了。正在进行的动作用一进行时态,而突然发生的动作用一般时态。?
[误]WhileIheardthebadnewsIfeltsad.?
[正]WhenIheardthebadnews,Ifeltsad.?
[析]while不能表达一点儿的时间,即瞬时某一时间点。?
[误]Afterschoolsomestudentsplayfootball,orothersgotothelibrary.
[正]Afterschoolsomestudentsplayfootball,whileothersgotothelibrary.
[析]while在此处意为"而,然而"。?
[误]Shesangwhenshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.?
[正]Shesangasshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.?
[析]as用于句中时,其要点是强调两个动作的同时进行。这里用when虽然不能讲是语法上的错误,但则看不出来小女孩因独自走黑暗的街道因害怕而唱歌的心情。?
[误]Ifinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.?
[正]Ididntfinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.?
[正]Ididmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.?
[析]until用在句中时其含义是某一动作一直持续到某时结束,那么句中的动词则一定要用持续性动词,如果要用瞬间,或截止性动词时一定要用否定句式。因截止性动作的否定式应看作是持续性的动作。如离开leave是瞬间动作,因一出门即为离开了,而不离开则是长时间的。?
[误]IhavestudiedEnglishwhenIwastwelve.?
[正]IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwastwelve.?
[析]since引出的时间状语从句是表达了一个时间点,而这个时间点是主句动作的启始点,所以主句一般要用完成时态。?
[误]Becausehedidntstudyhard,sohedidntpasstheexam.?
[正]Hedidntpasstheexambecausehedidntstudyhard.?
[析]because与so在英文中两者不能并用的,只能在句中用其一。?
[误]Hewassuchexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.?
[正]Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.?
[析]so与such的用法可以分为四种情况,①用于单数可数名词之前,其格式是such+不定冠词+形容词+单数可数名词,如:Itissuchabeautifulbookthateverychildlikesit.也可以用so,其格式是so+形容词+不定冠词+单数可数名词,如:Itwassobeautifulabookthateverychildlikesit.②在不可数名词前或可数名词复数前这时只能用such,如:Itissuchgoodweatherthatwewanttoswim.又如:Theyaresuchgoodstudentsthattheycanpasstheexameasily.③在few,little,much,many这4个字前只能用so而不能用such,如:IhavesomuchmoneythatIcanbuyeverythingIwant.④当that前只有形容词或副词时,这时只能用so,如:Sheissobeautifulthateveryonelikesher.HeransofastthatIcouldntkeepupwithhim.?
[误]Hegotupearlierthismorningsoastothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.
[正]Hegotupearlierthismorningsoastocatchthefirstbus.?
[正]Hegotupsoearlierthathecouldcatchthefirstbus.?
[析]so…that与sothat的用法有相同之处,那就是其后接从句,而soasto其后要接不定式,即动词原形。这样的词组还有:inorderto。?
[误]Iwanttobuysamestampthatyouhave.?
[正]Iwanttobuythesamestampasyouhave.?
[析]thesame…as(that)这是个固定用法,在same前的定冠词是不能少的。而thesame…that意为"我要的就是那一个"。而thesame…as为"要的是和……一样的东西"。
[误]BeforeIdonotgiveyoutheanswer,Illaskyousomequestions.
[正]BeforeIgiveyoutheanswer,Illaskyousomequestions.?
[析]这种错误是由于受中文的影响。在中文中可以讲"我没给你答案前"。而英文用了before就不要再用否定句了。?
(三)例题解析?
1?WeboughtGrannyapresent,___shedidntlikeit.?
A.butB.andC.orD.so?
[答案]A.?[析]由于句意的原因,应选择转折连词。?
2?Runquickly,___wellmisstheearlytrain.?
A.andB.butC.soD.or?
[答案]D.?[析]or这里应译为:否则。?
3?Illgivethebooktohim___hecomesback.?
A.sinceB.assoonasC.beforeD.until?
[答案]B.?
[析]assoonas引出的时间状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来要发生的动作。?
4?Dontcrosstheroad___thelightturnsgreen.?
A.whenB.whileC.untilD.as?
[答案]C.?
[析]until应译为"直到……才",因为前面的祈使句为否定句。又如:Shedidnotgotobeduntilhermothercameback.应译为"直到她妈妈回来她才睡觉"。?
5?MissGaohasbeenateacher___1990.?
A.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.in?
[答案]C.?
[析]因为主句为完成时,所以应用since表示该动作的启始点。
6?-Whichwouldyoulikebetter,tea___milk??
-Tea,please.?
A.butB.andC.orD.with?
[答案]C.[析]在疑问句与否定句中应用or来表示一种选择。
7?Welovespring___theresbeautifulflowerseverywhere.?
A.thoughB.butC.orD.because?
[答案]D.?[析]因为这里表示的是因果关系。?
8?Pleaseleave___7∶00,thenyoullbeabletoget___thereearlier.?
A.till,inB.from,/C.before,/D.behind,to?
[答案]C.?[析]before为在7∶00之前离开。?
9?Theteacherdidntbeginthelesson___allthestudentsstoppedtalking.?
A.untilB.afterC.ifD.because?
[答案]A.?
[析]这句应译为"直到所有的学生都停止讲话老师才开始上课"。因begin为瞬间动词,所以应用否定句。?
10?Bettydidntgotoseethefilmyesterday___shewasill.?
A.butB.untilC.ifD.because?
[答案]D.?
[析]这里是表示因果关系,所以应用because。因为她病了所以未去看电影。?
11?Youmuststartrightnow,___youllmissthetrain.?
A.forB.andC.soD.or?
[答案]D.?
[析]or译为"否则"。本句句意为:你必须马上走了,否则要赶不上火车了。?
12?___heisachildofsix,hecanreadandwrite.?
A.WhoseB.IfC.ThoughD.Because?
[答案]C.?
[析]这种状语从句在英语中称为让步状语从句,应译为:虽然他才是个6岁的孩子,他却可以读书和写字。?
13?Ilikefish,___chicken,___eggs.?
A.and,andB.and,withC./,andD.and,/?
[答案]C.?
[析]在有若干个名词或动词出现时,每一个词之间只用逗号连接,只在最后两个词之间加and。如:Theoldmanpassedthestreet,wentintoashopandboughtsomefood。
14?Takethisdictionarywithyou___youmayuseitinclass.?
A.whenB.inordertoC.butD.sothat?
[答案]D.?
[析]sothat应译为"为的是"。本句句义为:带上字典,为的是在上课时可能有用。而inorderto其后应接动词不定式,如:Takethisdictionarywithyouinordertouseitinclass。?
15?Ihope___willbefinetomorrow.?
A.itB.whatC.whetherD.when?
[答案]A.?
[析]hope后接的是宾语从句,而且宾语从句中少主语,应用it来代替天气。?
16?___shewasnotwell,Idecidedtogowithouther.?
A.ThoughB.AsC.WhenD.Becauseof?
[答案]B.?
[析]as这里应译为"由于"。全句意为:由于她不舒服,我决定不带她去了。而becauseof其后不能接从句只能接宾语。如:Becauseoftheheavyrain,wedecidednottogo。
17?Myauntboughtme___manystorybooksthatIspentalotoftimethem.?
A.such…onB.such…inC.too…inD?so…on?
[答案]D.?
[析]因many前只能用so来修饰,所以只能选择D选项。而spend…onsomething为在某事上花费时间或钱。如:Shespentalotofmoneyonherclothes。?
18?Motherwascooking___she___aknockatthedoor.?
A.when,listentoB.while,listenedto?
C.while,heardD.when,heard?
[答案]D.?
[析]when在这里应译为:就在那时,那一刻,那一瞬间。?
19?Speakslowly,___wecanunderstandyou.?
A.andB.orC.ifD.because?
[答案]A.?
[析]and这里是并列连词,应译为:请讲慢些这样我们就会明白你的意思。?
20?YoulllearnEnglishwell___youputyourheartintoit.?
A.ifB.soC.untilD.or?
[答案]A.?
[析]本句译为:如果你将心放在学习上,你就会将英语学好。这里的语法现象是从句中用一般现在时表示将来。?
21?Iwontletyouin___youshowmeyourpass.?
A.untilB.forC.sinceD.because?
[答案]A.?
22?Shedidntgotoschool___shewasill.?
A.whyB.becauseC.whereD.but?
[答案]B.