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小学英语语法优秀教案

发表时间:2021-04-30

2013届中考英语语法介词考点知识复习。

每个老师需要在上课前弄好自己的教案课件,是认真规划好自己教案课件的时候了。必须要写好了教案课件计划,未来的工作就会做得更好!究竟有没有好的适合教案课件的范文?以下是小编收集整理的“2013届中考英语语法介词考点知识复习”,供您参考,希望能够帮助到大家。

介词

(一)知识概要?

介词在英语中用法很活,也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个,特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自己的规律来。下面是一般的规律,可帮助学习时参考,千万不要作为定律去背诵,照搬。?

介词表示时间表示地点方位表示原因方式其他

about大约在……时间?aboutfiveoclock在周围,大约多远?aboutfivekilometres关于、涉及?

talkaboutyou

above高出某一平面?

abovesealevel

across横过walkacrossthestreet对面acrossthestreet

after在……之后?

aftersupper

跟……后面?

oneafteranother

追赶

runafteryou

against背靠逆风?

againstthewall,againstthewind

反对?

beagainstyou

among三者以上的中间?

amongthetrees

at在某时刻?

atten

在小地点?

attheschoolgate

表示速度?

athighspeed

向着,对着?

atme

before在……之前?

beforelunch

位于……之前?

sitbeforeme

behind位于……之后?

behindthetree

below低于……水平?

belowzero

不合格?

belowthestandard

by到……时刻,在……时刻之前

?byfiveoclock

紧挨着?

sitebysite

乘坐交通工具?byair,bybick被由?

wasmadebyus

during在……期间duringtheholidays

for延续多长时间?

forfiveyears

向……去?

leaveforShanghai为了,对于

begoodforyou

from从某时到……某时?frommorningtillnight来自何方?

fromNewYork

由某原料制成bemadefrom

来自何处?

whereareyoufrom

in在年、月、周较长时间内?inaweek在里面?

intheroom

用某种语言?inEnglish穿着

inred

into进入……里面?

walkinto

除分?

divideinto

变动?

turnintowater

near接近某时?nearfiveyears在……附近?nearthepark

of用某种原料制成?

bemadeof

属于……性质?

amapofU.S.A

on某日、某日的上下午onSundayafternoon在……上面?

onthedesk靠吃……为生liveonrice关于?abookonPhysics

over渡过一整段时间?workovernight在上方

overthedesk

超过,高于?overfivepairs

past超过某一时刻?

tenpastfive

经过某地?

walkpastthepark

since从某时以来?

since1980

原因?

Sinceyouwereill

through经过某一时期?throughhislife通过、穿过某地?

throughtheforest

till?until直到某时为止?tillfiveoclock

to差多少时间?

fivetoten

问,到,去往?

toShanghai

面对面?

facetoface

给予giveabooktome

under在……下面?

underthedesk

少于?

underten

在……管制之下undertherule

with用某种工具?withapen带着,具有

withme

without没有?

withoutair

(二)正误辨析?

[误]Wegottothetopofthemountainindaybreak.?

[正]Wegottothetopofthemountainatdaybreak.?

[析]at用于具体时刻之前,如:sunrise,midday,noon,sunset,midnight,night。

[误]Dontsleepatdaytime??

[正]Dontsleepindaytime.?

[析]in要用于较长的一段时间之内,如:inthemorning/afternoon,或intheweek/month/year.或inspring/supper/autumn/winter等等。?

[误]WevisitedtheoldmaninSundayafternoon.?

[正]WevisitedtheoldmanonSundayafternoon.?

[析]inthemorning,intheafternoon如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为on,如:onacoldmorning,onthemorningofJuly14th?

[误]Hebecameawritterathistwenties??

[正]Hebecameawritterinhistwenties??

[析]这句话应译为:他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示,而在具体岁数时用at来表示。?

[误]HewenttoNewYorktofindajobinsixteenyearsold.?

[正]HewenttoNewYorktofindajobatsixteen.?

[析]在具体年岁前用at,如:attheageof12,atyourage,等等。?

[误]Wewenttoswimintheriverinaveryhotday.?

[正]Wewenttoswimintheriveronaveryhotday.?

[析]具体某一天要用介词on,又如:onNewYearsDay?

[误]ImlookingforwardtoseeingyouonChristmas.?

[正]ImlookingforwardtoseeingyouatChristmas.?

[析]在节日的当天用on,而全部节日期间用at,Christmas是圣诞节期间,一般要有两周或更长的时间。?

[误]Ihaventseeyouduringthesummerholidays.?

[正]Ihaventseenyousincethebeginningofthesummerholidays.?

[析]during表示在某一段时间之内,所以一般不与完成时搭配,如:Ivisitedalotofmuseumsduringtheholiday.而for表示一段时间,可以用于完成时,如:Ihaventseeyouforalongtime.而through用来表示时间时则为"整整,全部的时间"。如:Itrainedthroughthenight.?而since则是表达主句动作的起始时间,一般要与完成时连用。?

[误]Atenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.?

[正]Onenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.?

[析]On加动名词表示"一……就"。本句的译文应是:我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如:onhearing…一听见,onarrival一到达就……(on表示动作的名词)?

[误]Inthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.?

[正]Atthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.?

[析]atthebegining与attheend都是指某事物的开始与结束部分,均不指时间范围,而inthebeginning则是指开始一段时间。intheend=atlast是指"最终,终于"之意。?

[误]Tilltheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.?

[正]Bytheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.?

[析]by引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点,其意思为"不迟于某一时刻将工作做完",所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态,如:Illbetherebyfiveoclock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻,但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词,而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式,如:Iwontfinishthisworktill(until)nextweekend.?

[误]HecametoLondonbeforelastweekend.?

[正]HehadcometoLondonbeforelastweekend.?

[正]HecametoLondontwoweeksago.?

[析]before一般要与完成时连用,而ago则与一般过去时连用。?

[误]IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearsginceIhadcomehere.?

[正]IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearssinceIcamehere.?

[析]since用来表达主句动作的开始时间,所以其引出的从句中应为过去时,而不能用完成时态

[误]Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitaftertwohours.?

[正]Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitintwohours.?

[析]中文经常讲两小时之后来取,两天内会修好,而这个介词在英文中要用in而不要用after。其原因有二,①after多用于过去时,如:IarrivedinNewYork.Afterthreedays,Ifoundajobinthebank.②after加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围,如:afterthreedays,即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时,一定要用介词in。?

[误]Threedaysafterhedied.?

[正]Afterthreedayshedied.?

[正]Threedayslaterhedied.?

[析]after与later都可以用来表达一段时间之后,但它们所处的位置不同,after在时间词前,而later在时间词后。?

[误]Shehidherselfafterthetree.?

[正]Shehidherselfbehindthetree.?

[析]after多用来表达某动作之后,所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词,如:Irunafterhim.Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwenttoseeafilm.而behind则多用于静态事物之后。?

[误]Thereisabeautifulbirdonthetree.?

[正]Thereisabeautifulbirdinthetree.?

[析]树上长出的果实,树叶要用on,而其他外来的人、物体均要用inthetree.?

[误]ShanghaiisontheeastofChina.?

[正]ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.?

[析]在表达地理位置时有3个介词:in,on,to。in表示在某范围之内;on表示与某地区接壤;to则表示不相接。如:JapanistotheeastofChina.?

[误]IarrivedatNewYorkonJuly2nd.?

[正]IarrivedinNewYorkonJuly2nd.?

[析]at用来表达较小的地方,而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于attheschoolgate,athome,atabusstop,atthestation,atthecinema,atasmallvillage。?

[误]HelivedinNo.3BeijingRoad.?

[正]HelivedatNo.3BeijingRoad.?

[析]在门牌号码前要用at,并要注意它的惯用法:attheendofthestreet,atthefootofthemountain,atthetopofthepage。?

[误]ThereisacolourTVsetatthecornerofthehall.

[正]ThereisacolourTVsetinthecornerofthehall.?

[析]在屋内的角落应用in,而墙的外角用at,如:Thereisatreeatthecornerofthestreet.?

[误]ThisweekendIllstayinUncleWangs.?

[正]ThisweekendIllstayatUncleWangs.?

[析]要注意英文的特殊表达法,如:atatailorsshop(裁缝店)=atatailors,?atthedoctors(去看病)atthebooksellers(在书店)atuncleWangs(在王叔叔家)

[误]Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsontodaysnewspaper??

[正]Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsintodaysnewspaper??

[析]在报纸上的新闻要用in,而在具体某一版上,或某一页上则要用on。?

[误]TheschoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.?

[正]SchoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.?

[析]这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程,即开学之意。要注意,有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词,如:attable(吃饭),WhenIcametoTomshome,theywereattable.还有:atdesk(学习),atwork(工作)atschool(上学),inhospital(住医院)atchurch作礼拜?如加上定冠词则另有他意,如:attheschool即在学校工作或办事,inthehospital即在医院工作或去看望病人。?

[误]Inmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.?

[正]Onmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.?

[析]译文为:在去车站的路上我买了份报纸,为的是消磨时光?"在……的路上"应用ononesway…。而intheway有挡道之意,如:Pleasemovethechairitisintheway。

[误]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeinto.?

[正]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokein.?

[正]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeintotheoffice.?

[析]in是表达一个静止状态,在与break连用时其后不加介词宾语,而into则是动态介词,与break连用时要加介词宾语。?

[误]IllleaveBeijingtoShanghaitomorrow.?

[正]IllleaveBeijingforShanghai.?

[正]IllleaveforShanghai.?

[析]leavefor是离开某地去某处的固定搭配,不可将for改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有:startfor动身前往某处,setoutfor,sailfor。?

[误]Imsorry.Ihavetogetoutthebusatnextstop.?

[正]Imsorry.Ihavetogetoutofthebusatnextstop.?

[析]getin,与getout是两个相反的词组。getin为上车,而getout为下车,但语法家认为这里的in与out为副词,所以其后不能接名词,我们可以讲Wedbettergetin.或Wedbettergetout.还有一组词组有关上下车:geton/off(atrain,aship,astruck)getinto/outof(acar,taxi…)?

[误]Becareful?Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesoverzero.

[正]Becareful.Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesabovezero.

[析]over与above在作为比某物高的意思时有时可以互换。但在垂直方向上的高矮时,即正上方时则要用above.而泛指上方时用over.?

[误]Thereisanoldstonebridgeabovetheriver.?

[正]Thereisanoldstonebridgeovertheriver.?

[析]over还有一意为"跨越,横跨"。?

[误]TheDeadSeaisunderthesealevel.?

[正]TheDeadSeaisbelowthesealevel.?

[析]在垂直下方要用below.?也就是讲above与below互为反意词,over与under也是反意词。

[误]Thereisabigtreeinthefrontofthehouse.?

[正]Thereisabigtreeinfrontofthehouse.?

[析]infrontof是在物体外部的前面,而inthefrontof是在物体内部的前面,如:Thedriversitsinthefrontofthebus.?

[误]Ittookthemtwodaystowalkacrosstheforest.?

[正]Ittookthemtwodaystowalkthroughtheforest.?

[析]across作为介词有两个主要意思:①横过,如:Iwanttowalkacrossthestreet.②对面,如:Thereisapostofficeacrossthestreet,而through多用于三维空间中的穿越。across则多用于平面上的横过。如:Thelittlegirlranacrosstheroomtomeethermother.?

[误]Thesunsetstowardthewest.?

[正]Thesunsetsinthewest.?

[析]towards也可用作toward,它主要表达朝向某方向运动,但不一定到达,如:Herantoward(s)themountain.而在表示方位east,west,north,south时,其前面要用in。要注意的是这4个词可以用作副词,如:Iwentsouth.也可用作名词,如:Iwenttothesouth.也可用作形容词,如:IwenttothesouthpartofChina.?

[误]Doyouhavenootherclothesexceptthose??

[正]Doyouhavenootherclothesbesidesthose??

[析]beside是"在……旁边",如:Thestudentsstoodbesidetheirteachers.而besides是"除……之外,不仅……而且……,除了……以外还有……",如:IstudiedEnglishbesidesFrench,whenIwasincollege.而except则是从同一类物体中去掉某一部分,如:IcomehereeverydayexceptSunday.而exceptfor是指去掉不同种类的事物,如:Theroomiscleanexceptfortwochairs.而exceptthat则要加从句。?

[误]CanIwritetheexampaperwithink??

[正]CanIwritetheexampaperwithapen??

[正]CanIwritetheexampaperinink??

[析]with后要加拿得起来放得下的工具,而墨水、颜料等原料则要用in。?

[误]Imearliertoday.Icameherebyhiscar.?

[正]Imearliertoday.Icamehereinhiscar.?

[析]在交通工具前加介词by,但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词,否则要改换相应的介词。?bytaxi=inataxi

bytrain=inatrain

bybicycle=onabicycle?

byship=onaship

byboat=inaboat

bybus=onabus?

byplane=onaplane

byair空运

byland陆运?

bysea海运

onfootonhorseback?

byphonebyletterbyradio?

byairmailbyhand?

[误]AlotofFrenchwinesaremadeofgrape.?

[正]AlotofFrenchwinesaremadefromgrape.?

[析]madeof是指由原材料到成品过程中原材料未发生质地的变化,而发生了某种变化则要用from,如:Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood.?

[误]ThisisagooddictionaryinEnglishgrammar.?

[正]ThisisagooddictionaryonEnglishgrammar.?

[析]关于某方面的书籍、报告等有两个介词,其中on表示某专业用书,about则为某方面的普通读物,如:Thisisabookaboutphysics.即物理科普知识。?

[误]Doyouhavethekeyofthedoor.?

[正]Doyouhavethekeytothedoor.?

[析]keytothedoor门的钥匙。相同用法还有answertothequestion,entrancetothehighway,dangertohealth.千万不要用of。?

[误]TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestofcollectingstamps.?

[正]TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestincollectingstamps.?

[析]haveinterestin是在某方面有兴趣。?

[误]Ididntdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrytome.?

[正]Ididntdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrywithme.?

[析]beangrywith其后接人,而beangryat其后接事。如:Hewasangryatwhatshesaid.?

[误]Hewasgoodforskating.?

[正]Hewasgoodatskating.?

[析]begoodat为"擅长某事",而begoodforsomebody为对某人很好。?

[误]Itwasgoodtoyoutohelpmylittleboy.?

[正]Itwasgoodofyoutohelpmylittleboy.?

[析]这句话应译为:你真太好了,帮助了我的小孩。而begoodtosomebody是对某人态度好。如:Hermotherisgoodtoeveryone.?

[误]Myparentswereverypleasedatme.?

[正]Myparentswereverypleasedwithme.?

[正]Myparentswereverypleasedatmystudying.?

[析]bepleasedwith后加somebody,而bepleasedat后加something。?

[误]Heisagreewithme.?

[正]Heagreeswithme.?

[误]Heagainstsme.?

[正]Heisagainstme.?

[析]同意agree为动词,而反对against则为介词。在使用中一定要注意。?

[误]Ihaventheardlettersfromhim.?

[正]Ihaventheardfromhim.?

[析]hearfrom即为:从某人处得到信件。不要再加letter了。?

[误]Teacher.MayIcallatyouthisweekend??

[正]Teacher.MayIcallonyouthisweekend??

[析]作为"拜访"讲callat其后接地点,如:MayIcallatyourhomethisweekend?而callon其后接人。?

[误]Doyouknowthegirlonwhite??

[正]Doyouknowthegirlinwhite??

[析]inwhite为穿一身白。与in有关的词组有:inbed(睡觉),inhospital(住院),inahurry(匆匆忙忙),indanger(危险中),injoy(高兴),ingoodhealth(身体好),inlove(恋爱),introuble(困境),与之相反的是outof,如:outoftrouble(摆脱困境),outofdate(过时了),outoforder(出故障)?

[误]Helookedatmeatsurprise.?

[正]Helookedatmeinsurprise.?

[析]surprise的用法一般有三种。①用于句首,Toonessurprise,如:Tomysurprisehesucceeded.②besurprisedat,如:Iwassurprisedatthenews.③用于句尾insurprise.?

[误]Shedidntcometoschoolbecauseofshewasill.?

[正]Shedidntcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.?

[析]becauseof后接名词,如:Thegamewasputoffbecauseoftherain.?

(三)例题解析?

1?-Thankyou___thebeautifulflowers!?

-Notatall.?

A?inB?onC?atD?for?

[答案]D.?

[析]由于某事向某人道谢应用for。?

2?Canyouanswerthisquestion___English??

A?byB?inC?withD?from

?

[答案]B.?

[析]in表示用语言、声音、或材料,如:Heansweredthequestioninalowvoice.

3?Look___themap___China___thewall,please.?

A?after,of,inB?at,of,in

C?after,in,onD?at,of,on?

[答案]D.?

[析]lookat为"看",而onthewall为"在墙表面挂着",而inthewall则是"在墙内",如:Thereisholeinthewall.墙上有个洞。?

4?-WhendidMrGreenarriveinLondon??

-Hearrivedthere___theeveningofDecember6th.?

A?atB?inC?onD?to

[答案]C.?

[析]intheevening/afternoon这两个词组不论是在其前或后加上任何修饰词都应将介词换为on,如:onacoldmorning,onaspringmorning等。?

5?Wewontherelayrace.Andtherewasabigsmile___ourteachersface.?

A?offB?nearC?onD?between

[答案]C.?

6?Thetwinsgotonwell___theirclassmates.?

A?toB?inC?withD?about

?

[答案]C.?

[析]getonwellwith与人相处很好。?

7?-Pleaseremembertocometomybirthdayparty.?

-Isee.Illcome___Saturdayevening.?

A?inB?atC?onD?for

?

[答案]C.?

8? Letshurry,orwellbelate___school??

A? toB? atC? withD? for

?

[答案]D.?

[析]belatefor,而comelateto,如:Dontcomelatetoschool??

9? Theywillhaveamathstest___twodays??

A? forB? atC? inD? after

?

[答案]C.?

[析]三天之内应用in,而不要受中文影响用after,afterthreedays是个不定的时间范围,即没有一个准确的时间。5天、6天、10天全是afterthreedays。?

10? Mybrotherjoinedthearmy___??

A? 1989,MarchB? inMarch,1989

C? March,1989D? 1989,inMarch?

[答案]B.?

[析]在月份、年、前用介词in,而日子前用on。?

11? Hecouldntworkoutthemathsproblem___yourhelp??

A? withoutB? underC? forD? with

?

[答案]A.?

[析]在某人帮助下应用with,如:WiththehelpoftheteacherIpassedtheexameasily? 而要是没有你的帮助则用withoutyourhelp??

12? Grannytookonelookatus___herglasses??

A? byB? throughC? onD? in

?

[答案]B.?

[析]through为穿过……。?

13? Wehadourbreakfast___aquarter___seven??

A? /,toB? in,toC? at,toD? on,to

?

[答案]C.?

[析]具体时间点前用at,而差几分几点用to,这里应译为:我在差一刻七点吃的早饭。

14? IlearnFrench___theradioeveryday??

A? onB? inC? fromD? at

?

[答案]A.?

[析]从收音机中听到某事应用词组ontheradio。?

15? Itsgoodmannerstowait___line??

A? inB? onC? atD? with

?

[答案]A.?

[析]inline为排队。?

16? HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearnt___lastterm??

A? bytheendofB? attheendof

C? totheendofD? tilltheendof?

[答案]A.?

[析]bytheendof为动作的截止时间,与完成时态相配合?

17? Themanagerwasverysatisfied___hiswork??

A? inB? onC? aboutD? with

?

[答案]D.?

[析]besatisfiedwith为固定搭配。?

18? JohnhitJack___face??

A? ontheB? intheC? onhisD? inhis

?

[答案]B.?

[析]英文中的某些动词其后要接人,然后加介词+the+身体部位,如:Hecaughttheboybythearm。?

19? Iwasborn___thenight___September15,1978?

?A? in,onB? at,onC? at,inD? on,of?

[答案]D.?

[析]在时间前加介词时应以最小的时间单位为准。?

20? Itsabadmannertolaugh___peoplewhentheyare___trouble??

A? over,inB? at,inC? in,atD? at,for

?

[答案]B.?

[析]laughat嘲笑某人,laughover笑着谈论某人或某事,introuble陷入困境。

21? Icantdothisworkwell___Tomshelp??

A? underB? forC? withoutD? from

?

[答案]C.?

22? Dontshout___theoldwoman。? Youshouldbemorepolite___her?

A? to,atB? at,toC? in,forD? from,for

?

[答案]B.?

[析]shoutat为"冲某人喊叫",而bepolitetosomebody为"对某人和气。"?

23? Wemustbestrict___ourselves___everything?

A? with,inB? in,withC? with,toD? to,of

?

[答案]A.?

[析]bestrictwith对某人严格要求。?

24? Hewenttothefootballmatch___lunchlastSunday??

A? toB? withoutC? behindD? between

?

[答案]B.?

[析]withoutlunch未吃午饭。?

25? ThepeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded___1949

A? withB? onC? sinceD? in

?

[答案]D.?

[析]在年代前用in。因句子是过去时而不是完成时,所以不能用since。?

26? MrBlackgottoHangzhou___afewdays??

A? inB? afterC? onD? at

?

[答案]B.?

[析]这句话应译为:几天之后Mr? Black到达了杭州。而不是在几天之内一定要做完某事,所以选B。?

27? -Hastheteachergivenyouanyadvice___yourEnglishstudy??

-Yes,hehas??

A? fromB? withC? onD? in

?

[答案]C.?

[析]给予某一方面问题的忠告其介词用on。?

28? Youmaydepend___him? Heis___honestman??

A? on,aB? in,anC? on,anD? at,the

?

[答案]C.?

[析]dependon为"依靠某人或某事",而honest的首字母h不发音。?

29? ___myjoy,Icananswerthisquestion??

A? WithB? ToC? ByD? For

?

[答案]B.?

[析]Toonesjoy意为"使我高兴的是。"?

30? Theteacheraskedthestudentstolook___thewordinthedictionary?

A? forB? atC? upD? after

?

[答案]C.?

[析]lookfor寻找,lookat看,lookafter照顾,lookup查字典。?

31? Alittlemonkeyisplaying___atreeandtherearealotofbananas___it

A? on,onB? in,onC? on,inD? in,in

?

[答案]B.?

[析]树上长出的果实为onthetree? 而其他外来之物要用inthetree,表达在树上。?

32?Igotoschool___buseverymorning.

?A.inB.byC.onD.atw

?[答案]B.

?[析]by后直接加交通工具,表示乘某种交通工具去某地。

?33?Noonelikesaperson___badmanners.

?A.withoutB.onC.outofD.with

?[答案]D.

?[析]withbadmanners有不良习惯的人。

?34?Thepolicemanwassurprised___thenews.

?A.intoB.forC.atD.outof

?[答案]C.

?[析]besurprisedat对某事吃惊。

?35?Hehadtosellnewspapers___seven.

?A.atanageofB.attheagesofC.attheageofD.atageof

?[答案]C.

?[析]attheageof在几岁时。

?36?Thelittlegirlcouldnthelp___whenshesawalargedog.

?A.criedB.tocryC.cryingD.cries

?[答案]C.

?[析]couldnthelp+动名词表示情不自禁地去做某事,或禁不住做某事。

?37?Jackwasborn___March1st,1978.

?A.onB.inC.atD.of

?[答案]A.

?[析]日期,时间前的介词按其表达语中的最小单位计算。

?38?Edisonwasveryinterested___sciencewhenhewasaboy.

?A.toB.onC.inD.about

?[答案]C.

?[析]beinterestedinsomething对某事感兴趣。

?39?Theteacherwasverysatisfied___heranswer.?

A.inB.onC.forD.with

?[答案]D.

?40?Thestoryhappened___Beijing.

?A.inB.withC.forD.on

?[答案]A.

相关知识

2013年中考英语语法连词考点知识复习


教案课件是老师不可缺少的课件,大家应该要写教案课件了。在写好了教案课件计划后,这样接下来工作才会更上一层楼!你们到底知道多少优秀的教案课件呢?以下是小编为大家收集的“2013年中考英语语法连词考点知识复习”希望对您的工作和生活有所帮助。

连词
(一)知识概要?
连词是一种在句子与句子之间,短语之间以及名词等其他词语之间起连接作用的虚词,它不能单独作句子的成份。按其意义可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。?并列连词连接的双方是对等的。常有的并列连词有and,both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,aswellas等。但如果连接的两部分意义不趋向一致,意义有转折的并列连词有:but,however,while(而),only(只不过)。还有表示选择关系的并列连词,如:or,orelse,otherwise…再有的是连接双方,互为因果,或表示前因后果的连词有:for,so,therefore(因此),then等。?从属连词在初中范围内常常用来连接名词性从句,如:that,if,whether,其次用来连接状语从句。其中有原因状语从句,常用的连接词有:whenwhile,as,since,before,after,once,assoonas,until,till连接条件状语的连词有:if,unless,aslongas等,而原因状语的连接词有because,since,as,nowthat(既然)。目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等状语从句的连接词有:sothat,so…that,such…that,as…as,than,where…它们在句子与文章中几乎无处不见。?具体用法见下表。?
连词用法一览表
种类功用例句
并列连词连接具有并列关系的词HeknowsneitherEnglishnorFrench.
短语Areyougoingbybusoronfoot?
分句Marywasagoodgirl,butshehadoneshortcoming.
从属连词引导:状语从句Illdoitasyoutoldme.
Youwillbelateunlessyouhurry.
连接代词和连接副词主语从句Whathesaidprovedtrue.
Whenwellstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.
表语从句Thisiswhyhedidntcomeyesterday.
Thatiswherehelives.
宾语从句ThemanaskedmewhichIlikedbest.?
Icantunderstandwhysheissolate.
关系代词和关系副词定语从句Nicotineisadrugthatgetsoneintothehabitofsmoking.?
HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.
(二)正误辨析?
[误]Bothmyparentsarenothere.Theywenttotheconcertjustnow.?
[正]Neitherofmyparentsishere.Theywenttotheconcertjustnow.?
[析]在英语中both一般用于肯定句中,如用于否定句中,其意义也不同于汉语,如:Bothofusarenotright.在英语中应被理解为"我们俩不都对。"而Neitherofusisright。才能被理解为"我们俩无一正确"。?
[误]Heorhisparentshassometicketsforthefilm.?
[正]Heorhisparentshavesometicketsforthefilm.?
[析]由or连接两主语时,谓语动词应与相临近的那一个主语保持一致。?
[误]Youshouldstudyhard,andyouwontpasstheexam.?
[正]Youshouldstudyhard,oryouwontpasstheexam.?
[析]or作为连词,这里的意思为"否则"。又如:Hurryup,oryoullbelateforschool.
[误]Thoughheispoor,butheisreadytohelpothers.?
[正]Thoughheispoor,heisreadytohelpothers.?
[正]Heispoor,butheisreadytohelpothers.?
[析]"虽然……但是"是中文中的常用结构,但在英文中用了"虽然"则不要用"但是",用了"但是"则不能再用"虽然",二者只可用其一。?
[误]EitheryouorIareonduty.?
[正]EitheryouorIamonduty.?
[析]either…or连接两个主语时,其谓语动词与相临近的一个主语相呼应,这也叫作就近原则。类似的用法还有or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等。?
[误]TomisourEnglishteacherandteachingEnglishinourschoolnow.?
[正]TomisourEnglishteacherandisteachingEnglishinourschoolnow.?
[析]并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略,以免重复,但不是所有词都可作任意的省略的。当你连接的是两个系动词时,后面的那个系动词不可省略,也就是讲连接的部分不可省略。?
[误]Myfatherlikesswimmingandtocollectstamps.?
[正]Myfatherlikesswimmingandcollectingstamps.?
[析]由并列连词连接的两个部分要保持相等的语法结构。如是动名词则都用动名词,如用不定式则都应用不定式,这是初学者要注意的一点。?
[误]Myfatherisreadinganewspaper,Iamdoingmyhomework.?
[正]MyfatherisreadinganewspaperwhileIamdoingmyhomework.?
[析]两个并列句中间不可用逗号连接,要用并列连词来连接。?
[误]MyfatheraskedmethatifIwantedtolearnhowtodrive.?
[正]MyfatheraskedmeifIwantedtolearnhowtodrive.?
[析]宾语从句的连接词只能有一个不能重复使用。?
[误]WewillgobothtoBeijingandShanghai.?
[正]WewillgotobothBeijingandShanghai.?
[析]用both…and…作连接词时,其相连接的部分结构也要相同。?
[误]NotonlyMarybutalsoherbrothersisgoingtodance.?
[正]NotonlyMarybutalsoherbrothersaregoingtodance.?
[析]由notonly…butalso…连接两个主语时,其重点在其后面的那一个主语,所以谓语形式应采用就近原则。?
[误]Theteacheraswellashisstudentsarecoming.?
[正]Theteacheraswellashisstudentsiscoming.?
[析]由aswellas连接两个主语时,谓语动词与aswellas后面的名词无关,而与前面的名词相一致。?
[误]Tomdoesnotswimnorplayfootball.?
[正]Tomdoesnotswimorplayfootball.?
[析]nor主要用于连接句子的对等连词,如在否定句中连接某一部分时要用or,但要注意句子的含意,如:Thisanimaldoesnotlikeacoworahorse.这个动物既不像牛也不像马。Thisanimaldoesnotlikeacowbutahorse.这个动物不像牛而像马。?
[误]Forthereisnolightintheclassroom.Thestudentsmusthavegonehome.
[正]Thestudentsmusthavegonehome,forthereisnolightintheclassroom.
[析]由for引出的原因状语从句在使用时要注意不能将该从句置于句首,而应置于主句之后,并在主句与从句之间加一逗号。更要注意的是because,as,since与for4个表示原因的连词中because是因果关系,是最强的一个,而for是最弱的一个。有些语法书中干脆把for叫做并列连词
[误]MybrotherwillpasstheEnglishexamisnoquestion.?
[正]ThatmybrotherwillpasstheEnglishexamisnoquestion.?
[析]主语从句的引导词that是不可省略的。这一点不要和宾语从句的引导词相提并论。
[误]Thismapwillshowyouhowwillyougettothehotel.?
[正]Thismapwillshowyouhowyouwillgettothehotel.
[析]名词性从句作宾语从句使用时,最重要的一点是要用陈述语句。特别要注意的是那些使用双宾语的动词,如:tell,ask,show…?
[误]Whiletheclockstruchten,allthelightswentout.?
[正]Whentheclockstruckten,allthelightswentout.?
[析]while是强调两个动作在同时进行中,如:WhileIamdoingmyhomework,myfatherisreadinganewspaper.而这里的when是"正当某某时刻","就在这一时间点上",其重点强调在某一特定时刻某动作的发生。?
[误]WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.?
[正]WhenIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.?
[析]这里用when表达在一个动作的进行中,另一个动作突然发生了。正在进行的动作用一进行时态,而突然发生的动作用一般时态。?
[误]WhileIheardthebadnewsIfeltsad.?
[正]WhenIheardthebadnews,Ifeltsad.?
[析]while不能表达一点儿的时间,即瞬时某一时间点。?
[误]Afterschoolsomestudentsplayfootball,orothersgotothelibrary.
[正]Afterschoolsomestudentsplayfootball,whileothersgotothelibrary.
[析]while在此处意为"而,然而"。?
[误]Shesangwhenshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.?
[正]Shesangasshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.?
[析]as用于句中时,其要点是强调两个动作的同时进行。这里用when虽然不能讲是语法上的错误,但则看不出来小女孩因独自走黑暗的街道因害怕而唱歌的心情。?
[误]Ifinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.?
[正]Ididntfinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.?
[正]Ididmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.
[析]until用在句中时其含义是某一动作一直持续到某时结束,那么句中的动词则一定要用持续性动词,如果要用瞬间,或截止性动词时一定要用否定句式。因截止性动作的否定式应看作是持续性的动作。如离开leave是瞬间动作,因一出门即为离开了,而不离开则是长时间的。?
[误]IhavestudiedEnglishwhenIwastwelve.?
[正]IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwastwelve.?
[析]since引出的时间状语从句是表达了一个时间点,而这个时间点是主句动作的启始点,所以主句一般要用完成时态。?
[误]Becausehedidntstudyhard,sohedidntpasstheexam.?
[正]Hedidntpasstheexambecausehedidntstudyhard.?
[析]because与so在英文中两者不能并用的,只能在句中用其一。?
[误]Hewassuchexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.
[正]Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.?
[析]so与such的用法可以分为四种情况,①用于单数可数名词之前,其格式是such+不定冠词+形容词+单数可数名词,如:Itissuchabeautifulbookthateverychildlikesit.也可以用so,其格式是so+形容词+不定冠词+单数可数名词,如:Itwassobeautifulabookthateverychildlikesit.②在不可数名词前或可数名词复数前这时只能用such,如:Itissuchgoodweatherthatwewanttoswim.又如:Theyaresuchgoodstudentsthattheycanpasstheexameasily.③在few,little,much,many这4个字前只能用so而不能用such,如:IhavesomuchmoneythatIcanbuyeverythingIwant.④当that前只有形容词或副词时,这时只能用so,如:Sheissobeautifulthateveryonelikesher.HeransofastthatIcouldntkeepupwithhim.?
[误]Hegotupearlierthismorningsoastothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.
[正]Hegotupearlierthismorningsoastocatchthefirstbus.?
[正]Hegotupsoearlierthathecouldcatchthefirstbus.?
[析]so…that与sothat的用法有相同之处,那就是其后接从句,而soasto其后要接不定式,即动词原形。这样的词组还有:inorderto。?
[误]Iwanttobuysamestampthatyouhave.?
[正]Iwanttobuythesamestampasyouhave.?
[析]thesame…as(that)这是个固定用法,在same前的定冠词是不能少的。而thesame…that意为"我要的就是那一个"。而thesame…as为"要的是和……一样的东西"。
[误]BeforeIdonotgiveyoutheanswer,Illaskyousomequestions.?
[正]BeforeIgiveyoutheanswer,Illaskyousomequestions.?
[析]这种错误是由于受中文的影响。在中文中可以讲"我没给你答案前"。而英文用了before就不要再用否定句了。?
(三)例题解析?
1?WeboughtGrannyapresent,___shedidntlikeit.?
A.butB.and
C.orD.so?
[答案]A.?
[析]由于句意的原因,应选择转折连词。?
2?Runquickly,___wellmisstheearlytrain.?
A.andB.but
C.soD.or?
[答案]D.?
[析]or这里应译为:否则。?
3?Illgivethebooktohim___hecomesback.?
A.sinceB.assoonas
C.beforeD.until?
[答案]B.?
[析]assoonas引出的时间状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来要发生的动作。?
4?Dontcrosstheroad___thelightturnsgreen.?
A.whenB.while
C.untilD.as?
[答案]C.?
[析]until应译为"直到……才",因为前面的祈使句为否定句。又如:Shedidnotgotobeduntilhermothercameback.应译为"直到她妈妈回来她才睡觉"。?
5?MissGaohasbeenateacher___1990.?
A.beforeB.after
C.sinceD.in?
[答案]C.?
[析]因为主句为完成时,所以应用since表示该动作的启始点。?
6?-Whichwouldyoulikebetter,tea___milk??
-Tea,please.?
A.butB.and
C.orD.with?
[答案]C.?
[析]在疑问句与否定句中应用or来表示一种选择。?
7?Welovespring___theresbeautifulflowerseverywhere.?
A.thoughB.but
C.orD.because?
[答案]D.?
[析]因为这里表示的是因果关系。?
8?Pleaseleave___7∶00,thenyoullbeabletoget___thereearlier.?
A.till,inB.from,/
C.before,/D.behind,to?
[答案]C.?
[析]before为在7∶00之前离开。?
9?Theteacherdidntbeginthelesson___allthestudentsstoppedtalking.?
A.untilB.after
C.ifD.because?
[答案]A.?
[析]这句应译为"直到所有的学生都停止讲话老师才开始上课"。因begin为瞬间动词,所以应用否定句。?
10?Bettydidntgotoseethefilmyesterday___shewasill.
A.butB.until
C.ifD.because?
[答案]D.?
[析]这里是表示因果关系,所以应用because。因为她病了所以未去看电影。?
11?Youmuststartrightnow,___youllmissthetrain.?
A.forB.and
C.soD.or?
[答案]D.?
[析]or译为"否则"。本句句意为:你必须马上走了,否则要赶不上火车了。?
12?___heisachildofsix,hecanreadandwrite.?
A.WhoseB.If
C.ThoughD.Because?
[答案]C.?
[析]这种状语从句在英语中称为让步状语从句,应译为:虽然他才是个6岁的孩子,他却可以读书和写字。?
13?Ilikefish,___chicken,___eggs.?
A.and,andB.and,with
C./,andD.and,/?
[答案]C.
[析]在有若干个名词或动词出现时,每一个词之间只用逗号连接,只在最后两个词之间加and。如:Theoldmanpassedthestreet,wentintoashopandboughtsomefood。
14?Takethisdictionarywithyou___youmayuseitinclass.?
A.whenB.inorderto
C.butD.sothat?
[答案]D.?
[析]sothat应译为"为的是"。本句句义为:带上字典,为的是在上课时可能有用。而inorderto其后应接动词不定式,如:Takethisdictionarywithyouinordertouseitinclass。?
15?Ihope___willbefinetomorrow.?
A.itB.what
C.whetherD.when?
[答案]A.?
[析]hope后接的是宾语从句,而且宾语从句中少主语,应用it来代替天气。?
16?___shewasnotwell,Idecidedtogowithouther.?
A.ThoughB.As
C.WhenD.Becauseof?
[答案]B.?
[析]as这里应译为"由于"。全句意为:由于她不舒服,我决定不带她去了。而becauseof其后不能接从句只能接宾语。如:Becauseoftheheavyrain,wedecidednottogo。
17?Myauntboughtme___manystorybooksthatIspentalotoftimethem.?
A.such…onB.such…in
C.too…inD?so…on?
[答案]D.?
[析]因many前只能用so来修饰,所以只能选择D选项。而spend…onsomething为在某事上花费时间或钱。如:Shespentalotofmoneyonherclothes。?
18?Motherwascooking___she___aknockatthedoor.?
A.when,listentoB.while,listenedto?
C.while,heardD.when,heard?
[答案]D.?
[析]when在这里应译为:就在那时,那一刻,那一瞬间。?
19?Speakslowly,___wecanunderstandyou.?
A.andB.or
C.ifD.because?
[答案]A.?
[析]and这里是并列连词,应译为:请讲慢些这样我们就会明白你的意思。?
20?YoulllearnEnglishwell___youputyourheartintoit.?
A.ifB.so
C.untilD.or?
[答案]A.?
[析]本句译为:如果你将心放在学习上,你就会将英语学好。这里的语法现象是从句中用一般现在时表示将来。?
21?Iwontletyouin___youshowmeyourpass.?
A.untilB.for
C.sinceD.because?
[答案]A.?
22?Shedidntgotoschool___shewasill.?
A.whyB.because
C.whereD.but?
[答案]B.?

2013年中考英语语法代词考点知识复习


一般给学生们上课之前,老师就早早地准备好了教案课件,大家在认真准备自己的教案课件了吧。只有制定教案课件工作计划,可以更好完成工作任务!你们了解多少教案课件范文呢?为满足您的需求,小编特地编辑了“2013年中考英语语法代词考点知识复习”,供大家参考,希望能帮助到有需要的朋友。

代词
(一)知识概要
英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。?人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。请看下表
人称我你他她它我们你们他们 
主格iyouhesheitweyouthey
宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem
物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。请看下表?
人称我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的
形容词性myyourhisheritsoursyourthey
名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs
反身代词可见下表
人称我你他她它我们你们他们 
反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselfthemselves
指示代词主要有this,that,these,those
疑问代词有:who,whomwhose,what,which,
还有疑问副词when,how,where,why。
不定代词在初中课本中主要有some,any,many,much,each,neither,other,another,all,both,one,none,either…
(二)正误辨析
[误]Tomsmotheristallerthanmy.
[正]Tomsmotheristallerthanmine.
[析]形容词性物主代词可以作定语,也就是讲它可以作形容词,如:mybook,而这句话的意思是:汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是mymother,也就是mine。
[误]Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishthem.
[正]Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishit.
[析]在应用代词时,要注意人称,格与数的一致性。这里it所代替的是不可数名词homework,所以应用it。
[误]Heandyoushouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.
[正]Youandheshouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.
[析]这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you,he,she,I,而复数时为we,you,they:如男女并列时,应先男后女,如:Heandshe…如果在表示不好意思,承担责任时,单数时用,I,he,she,you,复数时用They,you,we,如:TomandIaregoodfriends.
You,heandImustgotoplaythegameforourteamthisafternoon.
We,youandtheyhavebeentherebefore.
I,heandyouhavetopayforit.
[误]Heorhisbrotherisdoingtheirhomework.
[正]Heorhisbrotherisdoinghishomework.
[析]由either…or,neither…nor,or连接两个主语时,如果两主语是单数时,用单数代词,如两主语是复数时,用复数代词,如:Eitherteachersorstudentswanttodotheirbesttohelptheoldman.如是一单一复两名词时,一般将单数名词放在前,复数名词放在后,要用复数代词,如:Theteacherorhisstudentswillcleantheirclassroomtogether.
[误]Hisbrotheristallerthanhim.
[正]Hisbrotheristallerthanhe.
[析]than是连词,其后应视为省略句,thanheis.所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。
Ilikeyouasmuchasshe.
[正]Ilikeyouasmuchasher.
[析]as…as其后也应看作是省略句。应为asIlikeher.所以应用宾格。而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。
[误]Myselfdidityesterday.
[正]Imyselfdidityesterday.
[正]Ididitmyselfyesterday.
[析]反身代词不可作主语,但可以用作主语的同位语。?
[误]Takecareofourselves.
[正]Takecareofyourselves.(yourself)
[析]祈始句的主语应看作第二人称you.
[误]Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyourself.
[正]Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyou.
[析]反身代词不能作介词宾语,除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语,如:Theoldwomanspoketoherself.
[误]Makeyourselfhome.
[正]Makeyourselfathome.
[析]这是英语中的习惯用法,意为“像在家里一样”。这样的用法还有:?
enjoyoneself玩得开心makeyourselfathome像在家中一样
helpyourselftosomething自己拿某物lostoneself迷路
seatoneself就坐dressoneself穿衣
[误]— Whosthisspeaking.— ThatsMary.
[正]— Whosthatspeaking.— ThisisMary.
[析]在电话用语中,this指讲话人自己,而that指对方。
[误]Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthisinwinter.
[正]Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthoseinwinter.
[析]在比较句中往往为了避免重复,可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物,如是单数时用that,复数时用those,如:TheweatherinBeijingishotterthanthatinChangChun.
[误]Itissoagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.
[正]Itissuchagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.
[正]Itissogoodabookthateveryonelikestoread.
[析]在可数名词单数时可用so+形容词+不定冠词+名词+that从句,也可用such+不定冠词+形容词+that从句。在不可数名词或可数名词复数时,只用such,如:ItissuchgoodweatherthatIwanttogoswimming.TheyaresuchgoodbooksthatIwanttobuythemall.在many,much,few,little这4个词前仅能用so,如:Shehassomuchmoneythatshecanbuyeverythingshewants.而在so与that之间仅存形容词时,则不能用such,如:Sheissosweetthateveryonelikesher.
[误]Iwanttobuyasamedictionaryasyours.
[正]Iwanttobuythesamedictionaryasyours.
[析]same与定冠词the是固定搭配不可更改。这样的用法还有allthesame(仍然)。
[误]— Ihopeshemightpasstheexam.— Idonthopeso.
[正]— Ihopeshemightpasstheexam.— Ihopenot.
[析]在作肯定回答时,Ithinkso.Ihopeso.Ibelieveso.但作否定回答时为:Idontthinkso.Ihope/believenot.
[误]— Hestudiedveryhardthisterm.—Soshedid.
[正]—Hestudiedveryhardthisterm.—Sodidshe.
[误]—Englishisdifficulttolearn.—Soisit.
[正]—Englishisdifficulttolearn.—Soitis.
[析]在对话中如果某一动作同时适用于两个主语,这时在答语中要用缩写且要用倒装句。如第一组句,即studiedhard既适用于he,也适用于she.但答语仅仅是对前句的重复,即仅仅是第一句的缩写时则不要用倒装句。如第二组句子为:英语难学。答语为:是的,难学。这时缩写的答语不要用倒装句。
[误]Everyoneshoulddoonesbest.
[正]Everyoneshoulddohisbest.
[析]one作代词时,它的复数形式是ones,所有格形式是ones,反身代词为oneself.如果讲Oneshoulddoonesbest.则是对句。如果one与别的词组成其他词,如:someone,anyone,everyone或onlyone则要用his/her,来作其所有格形式。
[误]—Whowonthegame?—None.
[正]—Whowonthegame?—Noone.
[析]由who提问的句子的否定回答中的简略说法是noone,而由Howmany提问的句子的否定回答中的简略语是None.如:Howmanybooksarethere?None.
[误]Therearemanytreesoneithersidesofthestreet.
[正]Therearemanytreesoneithersideofthestreet.
[正]Therearemanytreesonbothsidesofthestreet.
[析]either作代词时由两个含意,其一是两者中随便哪一个,如:Youcantakeeither.其二是两者中的每一个。但要注意的是either后要加单数名词,如果作主语则谓语动词也要用单数形式。
[误]EitheryouorIareright.
[正]EitheryouorIamright.
[析]在either…or,或neither…nor连接两个主语时,其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配。
[误]Ihavethreesisters.Neitherofthemisadoctor.
[正]Ihavethreesisters.Noneofthemisadoctor.
[析]neither用于两者中无一是,而none则用于多于两者中的人或事物无一是。
[误]HedoesntlikeBeijingopera.Idontliketoo.
[正]HedoesntlikeBeijingopera,Idontlikeeither.
[析]either作为“也”讲时,要用于否定句中,而too则用于肯定句中。
[误]Welikeboththislittleboy.
[正]Webothlikethislittleboy.
[析]both作同位语时,它在句中的位置有:在be动词之后,如:Wearebothstudents.在实意动词之前,如:Theparentsbothwanttogotothecinema.用于第一助动词之后,如:WehavebothreadtheseEnglishnovels.使用时要注意以下句子的实际含意:Bothofusarenotright.应译为:我们俩不都对。Neitherofusisright.才应译为:我俩都不对。又如:Icantgiveyoubothofthebooks.意为:两本书我不能全给你,而Icantgiveyoueitherofthebooks.才为:两本书我全不能给你。
[误]Weeachhasaticketfortheconcert.
[正]Weeachhaveaticketfortheconcert.
[析]each作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式,如:EachofuswantstolearnEnglishwell,但each作同位语时,则应以原名词的数为准。
[误]Everyofushastopasstheexam.
[正]Eachofushastopasstheexam.
[析]every只可作形容词,不可作代词,而each既可作形容词,又可作代词,在作形容词时each侧重强调个体,而every则侧重于全体。
[误]Everyoneofusshoulddohouseworktwohoursaday.
[正]Everyoneofusshoulddohouseworktwohoursaday.
[析]everyone不可与of结构相连接使用,而everyone则可以这样用。
[误]IshouldreadEnglisheveryday.
[正]IshouldreadEnglisheveryday.
[析]要注意的是everyday是“每天”,而everyday则是形容词为“日常的”。如:everydayEnglish日常英语,everydaylife日常生活。
[误]Therearetreesoneverysidesofthestreet.
[正]Therearetreesoneachsideofthestreet.
[析]every用于三者或三者以上的每一个,而each用于二者或二者以上的每一个。因为街道只有两侧,所以只能用each而不能用every.
[误]Allmyparentsareengineers.
[正]Bothmyparentsareengineers.
[析]all用于三者或三者以上的全部,而both则用于两者的全部。
[误]Allofstudentsmightmakesomemistakes.
[正]Allofthestudentsmightmakesomemistakes.
[正]Allstudentsmightmakesomemistakes.
[析]非特指的名词前可用all但不可用allof结构,也就是讲allof结构后面的名词前一定要有定冠词。其他与all有关的习惯用法还有:
alltheyearround,allweek,allday,allwinter
[误]Theallvillagewasflooded.
[正]Allthevillagewasflooded.
[析]all作修饰语时要用在所有修饰词之前。
[误]Thepostofficeisonothersideofthestreet.
[正]Thepostofficeisontheothersideofthestreet.
[析]单数可数名词如在泛指某一个时用another,而特指时则要用theother,因街道只有两边,而不在这边必定是在另一边,所以要用特指。请参考下表的用法以便于记忆。
 单数复数
泛指another形容词作定语作名词
another代词otherothers
特指theother形容词
theother代词
theothertheothers
[误]TherearetenstudentshereWherearetheothersstudents?
[正]Therearetenstudentshere.Wherearetheothers?
[正]TherearetenstudentshereWherearetheotherstudents?
[析]theothers=theotherstudents.
[误]Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisateacher,anotherisadoctor.
[正]Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisateacher,theotherisadoctor.
[析]another用于泛指,如:Isitfarfromheretothestation?Imsorry.Ihavenoidea.Onemaysayitisquitenear;anothermaysayitisfarfromhere.但在特指时则要用theother.它可以用作定语,theotherone,也可以用作代词theother,但theother用作代词时它的含意一定是单数。如果指三者或者三者以上的情况时,则要用one…another…theother.或者one…asecond…thethird…
[误]Somepeoplelikesports.Theotherslikereading.
[正]Somepeoplelikesports.Otherslikereading.
[析]在泛指的复数名词前用some…others…others…来表示某些人……某些人……某些人……。
[误]Pleaseremembertowatertheflowerseachotherday.
[正]Pleaseremembertowatertheflowerseveryotherday.
[析]everyotherday为每隔一天。是习惯用法,不要随意改动。又如:ontheotherhand另一方面。
[误]Manyknowhim,butfewlikeshim.
[正]Manyknowhim,butfewlikehim.
[析]few用于可数名词,意为几乎没有,但few作主语时谓语动词则要用复数形式,而afew为有一些。
[误]Youhavefewfriends,haventyou?
[正]Youhavefewfriends,haveyou?
[析]little与few用于句中时,均要按否定句看待。
[误]Muchofwhatyousaidaretrue.
[正]Muchofwhatyousaidistrue.
[析]much用于不可数名词,作主语时用单数谓语动词。而many用于可数名词,它作主语时用复数形式的谓语动词。
[误]Thisroomisenoughlargeforthestudentstolivein.
[正]Thisroomislargeenoughforthestudentstolivein.
[析]enough可以用作代词,如:Thereisenoughofthefood.又如:Enoughhasbeendoneforthework,但enough还可以作形容词来修饰名词,这时enough可以放在名词之前,也可放在名词之后,如:moneyenough与enoughmoney都是对的。但当enough作副词修饰形容词时,则只能置于形容词之后了。
[误]Iwantanybookstoread.Doyouhaveany?
[正]Iwantsomebookstoread.Doyouhaveany?
[析]按照语法any用于疑问句和否定句,而some用于肯定句。
[误]Wouldyoulikeanythingtodrink?
[正]Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?
[析]在由wouldyoulike发出的问句中,表达了说话者真心实意要为对方提供些饮料,或在说话者想得到对方的肯定答复时,在疑问句中要用some而不用any。
[误]Someonewanttomeetyou.
[正]Someonewantstomeetyou.
[析]不定代词应被看作单数,即使用and连接两个不定代词,也要看作单数,如:?Anyoneandeveryonehastheright.任何人,每一个人都有这样的权力。
[误]NewYorkismuchcolderinwinterthanbefore.
[正]ItismuchcolderinNewYorkinwinterthanbefore.
[析]it常常用在英文的句子中来代表时间、距离、天气、自然现象,或用在句中作形式主语或宾语,如:
Itistenoclocknow.(代时间)
Itisfarfromheretotheairport.(代距离)
Itisveryhot.(代天气)
ItisverydifficulttolearnEnglishwell.(作形式主语)
Wefounditverydifficulttoanswerthequestion.(作形式宾语)
[误]Becareful.Dontdrinktoomany.
[正]Becareful.Dontdrinktoomuch.
[析]这里much所代的应是饮料或水,所以应为不可数名词。
(三)例题解析
1Theseare___books.Yoursareoverthere.
AIBmyCmeDmine?
[答案]B.
[析]这里应用形容词性物主代词。?
2—___isshe?
—Sheisateacher.
AWhatBHowCWhoDWhere?
[答案]A.
[析]这里的四个疑问词放在问句中全都成立,但其意义不同。Whatisshe?应译为“她的工作是什么?”或“她是做什么的?”而Howisshe?应译为“她身体如何?”而Whoisshe?应译为“她是谁?”其答语应为“她叫什么名字。”而Whereisshe?应为“她在什么地方?”由答语决定了这道题的选择。
3___iswrongwithmywatch.Ithasstopped___.
ASomething,workingBSomething,towork
CAnything,workingDAnything,towork?
[答案]A.
[析]因为是肯定句所以应用Something,其后由于表停止工作了,则stop后要用动名词。
4Mary,help___tothebananas,please.
AyouByourCyourselfDyourselves?
[答案]C.
[析]helponeselftosomething为“自己拿某物”。yourself为“你一个人”,而yourselves为“你们”。
5—___doyougotoschooleveryday?
—Bybus.
AHowBWhyCWhenDWhere?
[答案]A.
[析]这题的答案是由问句决定的。?
6Myskirtis___popularthan___.
Amuch,herBmuch,hersCmore,herDmore,hers?
[答案]D.
[析]因句中有than,所以应选用比较级,而than后要选用名词性物主代词。
7—CanyouspeakEnglish?
—Yes,butonly___.
AfewBafewClittleDalittle
[答案]D.
[析]因会讲某种语言的多少要用alittle,把它看作不可数名词对待,此答语为:是的,但仅仅会讲一点。
8Mr. Smithisanoldfriendof___.
AIBmeCmyDmine?
[答案]D.
[析]这里应选名词性物主代词,这也是英语的一种习惯用法,而不要选择my。
9“___doyouhearfromyourparents?”
“Aboutonceamonth.”
AHowlongBHowmany
CHowoftenDHowmuch?
[答案]C.
[析]Howoften问的是某一动作发生的频率,即在单位时间内发生多少次。
10MrGreenwouldntsay___atthemeeting.
AeverythingBnothingCanythingDsomething?
[答案]C.
[析]在否定句中应用anything
11“Mum,Annscomingtonight.Letsgiveher___toeat.”
“Goodidea!”
AanythingniceBniceanything
CsomethingniceDnicesomething?
[答案]C.
[析]肯定句中用something而不用anything,不定代词的修饰词应放其后而不要放在其前面。
12—Whenshallwemeet,thiseveningortomorrowevening?
—Idontmind.___timeisOK.
ASomeBNeitherCEitherDBoth?
[答案]C.
[析]因如选用both则名词要用复数名词,也要用复数谓语动词,由于答语前有Idontmind则决定不能选择neither.
13Thisisnotherkite, but___.
AhesBhimCheDhis?
[答案]D.
[析]要注意“他的”名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词是同形的。?
14Dontworry,Mum!___newsisgoodnews.Imsuredaddywillcomebacksoon.
ANoBManyCThoseDTwo
?[答案]A.
[析]这是一条谚语,即没有消息就是好消息。?
15Maryhassixapples.Herbrotherhasthree.Shehas___applesthanhe.
AfewBmanyCmoreDfewer?
[答案]C.
[析]由于是比较级,根据题意应选“多于”而不是“少于”。?
16Thereisnt___intodaysnewspaper.
Aanythinginteresting
Bsomethinginteresting
Cnothinginteresting
Dinterestinganything
[答案]A.
[析]由于句子是否定句,应选择anything,而且不定代词的修饰语应放在其后面。
17September10this___Day?
ATeacherBTeachersCTeachersDTeachers
[答案]D.
[析]教师节TeachersDay,儿童节ChildrensDay,妇女节WomensDay
18—InEngland,peopleeatalotof“takeaway”food.Whataboutpeopleinyourcountry?
—___
ASowedo.BWedoso.CSodowe.DWesodo.?
[答案]C.
[析]在答语中用简略方式表达上文的一个动作同样适用于另一个主语时,则要采用倒装句,但如果仅仅是对上句的重复则不要倒装。?
19—Shallwegointothatshopandhavealook?
—Sorry.Iwont.Ihave___todothere.
AeverythingBanythingCsomethingDnothing?
[答案]D.
[析]这个答案的选择应由上下两句对话内容作出决定。?
20—Oh,dear!Whobroketheglass?
—___Sam___Bruce.Itwasthecat.
ABoth,andBNot,butCNeither,norDEither,or?
[答案]C.
[析]neither…nor意为既不……也不……
21Thestudentsarehavingagoodtimeinthepark.Somearedrawingbythelake.___areclimbingthehill.
AOthersBOtherCAnotherDTheother
?
[答案]A.
[析]这里因为是代替复数名词,所以应用名词性的复数代名词。?
22Sheisnotanurse.Imnot___.
AalsoBeitherCneitherDtoo?
[答案]B.
[析]在否定句中该用either,而不用too和also.
23Ihavetwopencils.Oneisred,___isblue.
AtheotherBanotherCothersDtheothers?
[答案]A.
[析]两者中的另一个应为特指。而且应为单数形式的代名词。而another是泛指单数代名词。others是泛指复数代名词,而theothers是特指复数代名词。
24Sorry,Icantansweryourquestion.
Iknow___aboutthesubject.
AlittleBalittleCfewDafew?
[答案]A.
[析]中文讲我对此知道的不多,而英文中要用little。其含意为否定句。
25Mysisterdoesntlikeskating___.
ASodoIBSoIdont
CNeitherIdontDNeitherdoI?
[答案]D.
[析]这是表达上面否定句中的动作,也同样不适合
于第二个人。所以要用neither,并要采用倒装句。
26Yesterdaymorningtherewereonlythreeboysinourroom,___.
Ayou,heandIBI,youandhe
Che,IandyouDyou,Iandhe?
[答案]A.
[析]这是若干人称代词并列时的顺序问题。请参看辨析中的例子。?
27Allthestudentsarebusy,so___ofthemwillgototheconcert.
AmanyBlittleCafewDfew?
[答案]D.
[析]student为可数名词。
28Theteachergave___studentanewbook.
AnobodyBbothCeachDany?
[答案]C.
[析]both其后的名词应为复数,而any用于疑问句和否定句中只有each可以修饰单数可数名词。
29Blackisneitherateacher___aworker.
AorBeitherCnorDand?
[答案]C.
[析]neither…nor为“既不……也不……”的固定搭配。
30Ourteachergaveus___onstudying.
AmanyadvicesBsomeadvices
CanadviceDsomeadvice?
[答案]D.
[析]advice为不可数名词。some可用于可数或不可数名词之前。
31Therearetwoforeignfriendsinthepark.One___isfromJapan,isfromAmerica.
AotherBothersCtheotherDtheothers?
[答案]C.
[析]因为是两者中的一个,所以另一个应用单数特指代词。?
32Arethere___onthetable?
AsomecupsBanycupCsomecupDanycups?
[答案]D.
[析]此句是疑问句,应用anycups,因提问时的be动词用的是are。
33Ivejustboughtfivestamps.OneisaGermanstamp,___areAmericanstamps.
AtheotherBtheothersCotherDothers?
[答案]B.
[析]此空应填入主语。又因其范围已定,所以应选特指的代名词。theother只能用作单数,而others是泛指复数代名词,故只能选B。
34Itwas___finedaythattheywenttothepark.
AasoBsoaCsuchaDasuch?
[答案]C.
[析]在单数可数名词前可以有两种表达法,即such+不定冠词+形容词+可数名词单数形式,如:suchagoodday,或者用so加形容词+不定冠词+可数名词单数,如:sogoodaday.
35Atthattimethetrainwasslowandnoisy.So___peoplelikedtakingtrains.
AlittleBalittleCfewDafew?
[答案]C.
[析]这是英文的表达法与中文不同之处。中文讲只有少数人喜欢坐火车,英文要选用“few”。
36Wemusthelpandunderstandeach___.
AotherBanotherCothersDtheother?
[答案]A.
[析]eachother意为“互相”,是习惯用语。
37___isdifficulttowalkonthemoon.
AManBOneCThatDIt?
[答案]D.
[析]这里的真正主语应为不定式towalkonthemoon.而形式主语只能用it.
38Janehassentseveralletters,but___ofthemhavebeenanswered.
AallBbothCeitherDnone?
[答案]D.
[析]severalletters意为“若干信件”,应看作多于两者,则在A、D中作选择,仅D符合句意。
39Idontknow___aboutthenewheadmaster.
AsomethingBeverythingCnothingDanything?
[答案]D.
[析]否定句中应用anything.
40___ofthestudentsinthewholeclasscoulddothisphysicsquestion.
ANoBNoneCNotDNeither?
[答案]B.

中考英语语法考点知识复习:指示代词


老师会对课本中的主要教学内容整理到教案课件中,大家在认真写教案课件了。只有制定教案课件工作计划,可以更好完成工作任务!你们了解多少教案课件范文呢?下面是由小编为大家整理的“中考英语语法考点知识复习:指示代词”,供您参考,希望能够帮助到大家。

2012年中考英语考点19指示代词

表示“这个”,“那个”,“这些”,“那些”等意思的代词叫做指示代词。指示代词分单数(this/that)和复数(these/those)两种形式

1、指示代词用法:

(1)作主语:

Thisisthewaytodoit.这事儿就该这样做。

ThisiswhatIwanttoemphasize.这就是我想强调的。

Thisisachair.这是一把椅子。

ThatisLindasbook.这是琳达的书。

Whosepensarethose?那些是谁的钢笔。

(2)作宾语:

Weshouldalwayskeepthisinmind.我们应当经常记住这一点。

Ilikethisbetterthanthat.我喜欢这个甚至那个。

Haveyoureadthis?你读过这个吗?

Ilikethesebutshelikesthose.我喜欢这些,而她喜欢那些。

(3)作表语:

Mypointisthis.我的观点就是如此。

Herplanisthis.她的计划是这样的。

Hisworriesarethose.他的烦恼就是那些。

(4)作定语:

Youcantswimatthistimeoftheyear.你不能在这个时候游泳。

Idontlikethatman.我不喜欢那个人。

Wemustgettoknowthesetricksoftheirs.我们必须懂得他们这一套鬼花招。

2、指示代词的用法区别

(1)this和these一般指在空间和时间上较近的事物,that和those一般指在空间和时间上较远的事物。

例:ThisisamapofChinaandthatisamapoftheworld.

这是一张中国地图,那是一张世界地图。

Pleasecomethisway.Wellgoinbythatdoor.请这边走,我们从那扇门进去。

Inthoseyeartheyledahardlife.在那些岁月里,他们生活得很艰难

2)this和these常指后面将要讲到的事物,有启下的作用,that和those常指前面已经讲到过的事物,起承上的作用。

例:Ishallsaythistoyou:heisanhonestman.我将对你说这一点:他是一个诚实的人。

Hefeltill.Thatiswhyhedidntcome.他病了,那就是他没来的原因。

Hebroketheglass,andthatcosthimfivedollars.他打破了玻璃,那花费了他5美元。

(3)that和those有时可用来代替前面提到过的东西,以避免重复这个名词:

Thesemachinesarebetterthanthoseweturnedoutlastyear.这些机器比我们去年生产的好。

Theoiloutputin1988wasmuchhigherthanthatof1986.1988年的石油产量比1986年高很多。

ThehistoryofChinaisasinterestingasthatofRussia.中国的历史同俄国的历史一样有趣。

(4)在电话中,this表示打电话者,that表示接电话的对方。

例:A:Hello!ThisisBob(speaking).喂,我是鲍勃。

B:Whosthatplease?请问是哪位?(美语用Whosit?或Whosthis?)

3、such也是一个指示代词,在句子中可用作:

(1)定语:

Wehavehadsuchabusyday.我们今天忙得真够呛。

Idon’tlikesuchweather.我不喜欢这样的天气。

(2)主语:

Suchwasmyimmediateimpression.这就是我当时的印象。

Sucharetheresults.结果就是如此。

(3)表语:

Hisillnesswasnotsuchastocauseanxiety.他的病还不至于使人焦虑不安。

4、same也可以看作指示代词,在句中能作定语、主语、表语或宾语:

Shesaidthesamethingalloveragain.她把同样的话又说了一遍。

Thesamemaybesaidofhisbrother.他弟弟也有这种情形。

Ourviewsarethesame.我们的看法是相同的。

“HappyNewyear!”“Thesametoyou!”“新年好!”“新年好!”