Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars。
一名优秀的教师在教学时都会提前最好准备，作为教师就要在上课前做好适合自己的教案。教案可以让学生能够在教学期间跟着互动起来，有效的提高课堂的教学效率。那么一篇好的教案要怎么才能写好呢？下面是小编为大家整理的“Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars”，欢迎大家与身边的朋友分享吧！
Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars
单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
词汇
部分词语
辨析1.loudly/loud/aloud2.unlike/dislike3.remain/leave
4.climate/weather5.nowthat/since/because/as
词形
变化1.violentadj.强暴的，猛烈的violencen.暴力，强暴；猛烈violentlyadv.强暴地；猛烈地
2.fundamentaladj.基本(础)的n.[pl.]基本原则(法则)fundamentallyadv.基本地；根本地fundamentn.基础；根本
3.developmentn.生长，发
展；新情况developvt.发展；产生
vi.生长；发展developedadj.发达的developingadj.发展的
4.layvt.放下；摆设；产(蛋)lay---laid---laid---layinglievi.躺，平放；位于
lie---lay---lain---lyinglien.vi.谎话；说谎
lie---lied---lied---lying
5.preventvt.预防，防止preventionn.预防；阻止；妨碍preventableadj.可防止的，可预防的
6.gentleadj.和蔼的；轻柔的gentlyadv.温和地；静静地
7.physicsn.物理，物理学physicistn.物理学家physicaladj.身体的；物理(学)的；物质的
重点
单词1.systemn.[c]系统；体系；制度；方法
2.layvt.(laid,laid,laying)把……放下；摆设；铺(地毯)；产(蛋)
3.harmfuladj.有害的；伤害的
4.existvi.存在；生存
5.puzzlev.(使)迷惑；(使)苦思n.谜；难题
6.pullv.拉，拖，拔；移动n.拉，拖；拉(引)力
7.cheervt.vi.(使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼
重点
词组1.tobeginwith以……开始；由……作为开头；首先
2.intime及时；最终；迟早
3.inone’sturn轮到某人；接着
4.prevent...from使……不做事；阻止……做某事
5.blockout挡住（光线）
6.beoff=setoff出发；动身；不用上班/学/开张
7.breakout(灾难、战争等)突发；爆发
8.watchout密切注视；当心；提防
重点句子1.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.
2.Thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop.
3.ButwhenItriedtostepforwardIfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.
重点语法宾语从句和表语从句（见语法部分）
语言要点（模块）
Ⅰ.词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1.loudly/loud/aloud
loudlyadv响亮地，高声地
loudadj/adv与sing,speak,talk连用
aloudadv相对默读而言；出声
根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
1).Willyoupleasespeak______?
2).ItisgoodforyoutoreadEnglish______everymorning.
3).Thebombexploded______.
4).Ishervoice______enough?
5).Actionspeaks______thanwords(事实胜于雄辩).
Keys:1).louder2).aloud3).loudly4).loud5).louder
2.unlike/dislike
unlikeprep.不像，和……不同adj.[作表语]不相似；不同
dislikevt./n.不喜爱，厌恶
根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
1).Agoodhotelmanagershouldknowhisregularguests’likesand______.
2).Herlatestnovelisquite______herearlierwork.
3).Ifyougoonlikethatyou’llgetyourself_______(like).
4).Iwasveryinterestedinthelecture,______manyofthestudents.
Keys:1).dislikes2).unlike3).disliked4).unlike
3.remain/leave
remainvi.仍然是；留下；剩下
常用句型：remain+n.仍然是remain+adj./adv./prep.仍然是
remain+v-ed/v-ing仍然是remaintobedone有待去做，依然要做
leavevt.剩下，忽略或未拿或未带（某物），使或让（某人、事物）处某状态﹑某地等
常用句型：leavesb.sth./leavesth.tosb.给某人留下某物
leavesth(forsb)留下，交待下(某物)leavesthtosb将某物遗赠给某人
remaining/left两者都可以作形容词，表示“剩下的”，前者用于被修饰的名词之前，后者用于被修饰的名词之后。
根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
1).Someone______youthisnotewhileyouwereout.
2).Aftertheearthquake,little______ofthevillage.
3).Heusedthe______moneytobuyadictionary.
4).Afterbuyingthedictionary,hehadnotmuchmoney______.
5).Arrivinghome,IfoundthatI’d______mykeyintheoffice.
6).Don’tleaveher______(wait)outsideintherain.
7).Sheremained_______(change)afteralltheseyears.
8).Agreatmanythingsremain_______(do).
Keys:1).left2).remained3).remaining4).left
5).left6).waiting7).unchanged8).tobedone
4.climate/weather
climate指从长时间的范围来看某地的平均气候或经常性的气候；
weather指某地一时的天气，如寒暖、晴雨和干湿的变化情况。
根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
1).Weshallgooutforapicnictomorrowifthe_______isfine.
2).Adrier_______wouldbegoodforyourhealth.
3).Icouldn’timaginewhatitwouldbeliketoliveinahot________.
4).The_______ofourcountryismild,butindividualplacesexperiencebad________.
Keys:1).weather2).climate3).climate4).climate;weather
5.nowthat/since/because/as
都可引导原因状语从句，语气最强的是because，引导直接而明确的原因，也用来回答why的问句或用于强调句型；其次是since/nowthat，表示已知或明显的原因，再次是as，引导的原因是不言而喻、显而易见的；for引导的是并列分句，表推测或判断的原因，前面有逗号隔开。
根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
1)._______everybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.
2)Itwas_______hewasillthathedidn’tgotoschool.
3).Itmusthaverainedlastnight,_______thegroundisallwet.
4)._______wearealone,wecanspeakfreely.
Keys:1).since/nowthat2).because3).for4).Now(that)
Ⅱ.词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1.violentadj.强暴的，猛烈的violencen.暴力，强暴；猛烈violentlyadv.强暴地；猛烈地
2.fundamentaladj.基本(础)的n.[pl.]基本原则(法则)fundamentallyadv.基本地；根本地fundamentn.基础；根本
3.developmentn.生长，发
展；新情况developvt.发展；产生
vi.生长；发展developedadj.发达的developingadj.发展的
4.layvt.放下；摆设；产(蛋)lay---laid---laid---layinglievi.躺，平放；位于
lie---lay---lain---lyinglien.vi.谎话；说谎
lie---lied---lied---lying
5.preventvt.预防，防止preventionn.预防；阻止；妨碍preventableadj.可防止的，可预防的
6.gentleadj.和蔼的；轻柔的gentlyadv.温和地；静静地
7.physicsn.物理，物理学physicistn.物理学家physicaladj.身体的；物理(学)的；物质的
用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。
1).Thenaughtyboy_______(lie)tomethatthehenthat_______(lie)therejustnowhad______(lay)twoeggsthedaybefore.
2).Inmyopinion,________(prevent)ismoreimportantthantreatment.
3).SomeprogramsontheInternetarefullof________(violent)andsex.
4).Withthe________(develop)ofmodernindustry,moreandmorepollutioniscaused.
5).Chinaisa________(develop)countrybelongtothethirdworld.
6).Thereare________(fundament)differencesbetweenyourreligiousbeliefsandmine.
7).Hisambitionistobecomeagreat________(physics).
Keys:1).lied;lay;laid2).prevention3).violence4).development
5).developing6).fundamental7).physicist
Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用材料）
1.systemn.[c]系统；体系；制度；方法systematicadj有系统的;有条理的
[典例]
1).Thesolarsystemincludesthesunanditseightplanets.太阳系包括太阳和它的八颗行星。
2).Alcoholisbadforyoursystem.喝酒对身体有害。
[练习]根据句子的意思完成句子。
1).The____________(教育系统)operatesverydifferentlyintheUSandChina.
2).Heintroducedusawell-designed____________(铁路系统).
Keys:1).educationalsystem2).railwaysystem
2.layvt.(laid,laid,laying)把放下；摆设；铺(地毯)；产(蛋)
[典例]
1).Helaidhishandonmyshoulder.他把手放在我的肩上。
2).Whoshouldwelaytheblameon?我们该责备谁?
[重点用法]lay短语：
layeggs下蛋laysth.aside把某物放在一边；积蓄（钱）
laysth.down把某物放下laytheblameonsb.责备某人
laythetable摆桌子layemphasis/stressonsth.把重点放在某事上
[练习]根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1).Thebird______itseggsinotherbirds’nests.
2).Heisapoliticalleaderthat____________________(非常强调)individualresponsibility.
3).He______somemoney______forrainydays.
Keys:1).lays2).laysgreatstresson3).lays/puts;aside
3.harmfuladj.有害的；伤害的harmn.vt.伤害（某人）
[典例]
Manypeopleareawareoftheharmfuleffectsofsmoking.很多人都意识到吸烟的危害。
[重点用法]
beharmfultosb./sth.对……有害doharmtosb.=dosb.harm=harmsb.对……有害；伤害……
[练习]根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1).Everyoneknowsthatsmokingis______toyourhealth.
2).Inmanycases,toomuchcareforchildrenfromparentsmightevendo______totheirgrowth.
3).在阳光下看书对你的眼睛伤害很大。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1).harmful2).harm3).Readinginthesundoesalotofharmtoyoureyes.=Readinginthesundoesyoureyesalotofharm.=Readinginthesunisveryharmfultoyoureyes.
4.existvi.存在；生存existencen.存在
[典例]
1).DoeslifeexistonMars?火星上有生命吗?
2).IcanhardlyexistonthewageI’mgetting.我靠我挣的工资简直难以餬口。
[重点用法]
exist+prep.存在于地方existonsth.靠某物生存
[练习]用exist的短语或其适当形式填空。
1).Thisplant______only______Australia.
2).Canyou____________suchalowsalary?
3).Idoubtthe______(exist)ofalien.
Keys:1).exists;in2).existonto3).existence
5.puzzlevt.vi.(使)迷惑；(使)苦思n.谜；难题puzzledadj.无法了解的；困惑的puzzlingadj.令人费解的
[典例]
1).Herreplypuzzledme.她的回答把我弄糊涂了。
2).Theirreasonfordoingitisstillapuzzletome.他们为什麽要做此事我仍莫名其妙。
[重点用法]
sth.puzzlessb.某事使某人迷惑/为难sb.bepuzzledbysth.某人对……感到迷惑
puzzleabout/oversth.对某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索（以便理解）puzzleone’sbrain苦思苦想；绞尽脑汁
solveapuzzle解决一个难题
[练习]用puzzle的适当形式填空或翻译。
1).Toexplainthe________(puzzle)findings,heofferstwotheories.
2).I_______(puzzle)thatIhaven’theardfromLizforsolong.
3).Shelistenedwitha_______(puzzle)expressiononherface.
4).Noonehasyetsucceededinexplainingthe_______(puzzle)ofhowlifebegan.
5).He_______(puzzle)whattodonext.
6)._____________________(使我困惑的事情)iswhyheleftthecountrywithouttellinganyone.
Keys:1).puzzling2).ampuzzled3).puzzled4).puzzle5)waspuzzled6).Whatpuzzlesme
6.pullv.拉，拖，拔；移动n.拉，拖；拉(引)力
[典例]
1).YoupushandI’llpull.你来推，我来拉。
2).Ifeltapullatmysleeveandturnedround.我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。
[重点用法]
pullahead(ofsb/sth)领先（於某人/物）pull(sb)back（使某人）退却；撤回（某人）
pulloff(sth)（指机动车辆）驶离（道路）（至路侧停车处停下）pullout(sth.)拉掉；使分离；掏出；驶离（车站）
pullon穿，戴上（袜子、手套等）pulltogether同心协力；通力合作
[练习]用pull短语的适当形式填空。
1).Iarrivedasthelasttrainwas____________.
2).He____________agunandaimedatthecriminal.
3).Solongaswe____________,there’snomountaintopwecan’tconquer.
Keys:1).pullingout2).pulledout3).pulltogether
7.cheervt.vi.(使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼cheerfuladj.高兴的cheerlessadj.不高兴的
[典例]
1).ThecrowdcheeredloudlyastheQueenappeared.女王出现时群众高声欢呼。
2).Hewasgreatlycheeredbythenews.他听到这个消息非常高兴。
[重点用法]
cheersb.on为某人加油cheer(sb)up（使某人）更高兴或更快活
[练习]用cheer的短语或其适当形式填空。
1).Yourvisithasgreatly______himup.
2).Thecrowd______therunners______astheystartedthelastlap.
3).Youlookasthoughyouneed______up.
Keys:1).cheered2).cheered;on3).cheering
Ⅳ.重点词组（旨在提供词汇综合运用材料）
1.tobeginwith=tostartwith以……开始；由……作为开头；首先
[典例]
Tobegin/startwith,Icouldn’tunderstandasingleword.起初，我一句也没弄明白。
[重点用法]
begin/startwith从……开始begin/startsthwith从……开始……
[练习]根据句子的意思完成句子。
1).He______hisspeech______apoem.
2).Hisspeech____________apoem.
3).__________________,petsaregoodfriendsofmanylonelypeople,especiallytheold.
Keys:1).began/started;with2).began/startedwith3).Tostart/beginwith
2.intime及时；最终；迟早
[典例]
1).Theycaughtthebusintime.他们及时赶上了汽车。
2).Ifyoukeepon,youwillsucceedintime.如果坚持下去，你们总有一天会成功的。
[短语归纳]time短语：
intimeforsth./todosth.及时；不迟innotime立刻；马上atnotime永不……
atonetime有个时期；曾经；一度atatime一次；每次attimes=sometimes有时
allthetime一直；始终；老是ontime按时；准时bythetime到……的时候为止
forthetimebeing暂时；暂且takeone’stime不着急；慢慢来killtime消磨时间
fromtimetotime不时地，间或manyatime常常；多次onceuponatime从前
atthesametime同时；尽管如此aheadoftime提前，提早raceagainsttime争分夺秒
timeandagain一次又一次；重复地keeptime(钟表)走得准keepbadtime（钟、表）走得不准
takeone’stime慢慢来，别急haveagood/nice/hardtime(in)doingsth做某事很……
It’s(high/about)timethatsb.did/shoulddosth.是做某事的时候了
[练习]用time短语填空。
1).Theysentthemailtomejust______________,beforeI1eft.
2).Williamarrivedatthetheatrejust______________fortheplaywastobeon.
3).Hurryup!Theconcertwillbegin_____________________.
4)._____________________willIgiveup.
5).Theboylaughedandcried__________________________.
6)._____________________hewasaddictedtoplayingwebgames,butnowhedevoteshimselftowriting,whichdelightshisparents.
7).Don’ttrytodoeverythingatonce;takeitabit_____________________.
8).You’llhaveyourownofficesoon,but____________________________you’llhavetoshareonewithme.
Keys:1).intime2).intime3).innotime4).Atnotime
5).atthesametime6).Atonetime7).atatime8).forthetimebeing
3.inone’sturn轮到某人；接着
[典例]
Iwillseeyou,eachinyourturn.我将要一个接着一个地看你。
[短语归纳]turn短语：
inturn轮流；一个接着一个byturns轮流；一阵……一阵……
taketurns(todosth.)轮流（做某物）It’sone’sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事了
[练习]用turn短语填空或翻译句子。
1).Shewenthotandcold______________.
2).我们轮流着开车。
____________________________________________________________________________________
3).今天轮到谁发言了？
____________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1).byturns2).Wedrovethecarbyturns/inturn.=Wetookturnstodrivethecar.
3).Whoseturnisittogiveaspeechtoday?
4.prevent...from=stop...from=keep....from使……不做事；阻止……做某事
[典例]
Hisbackinjurymaypreventhimfromplayingintomorrow’sgame.他背部的伤可能使他参加
不了明天的比赛。
注意:prevent/stopsb.fromdoingsth.中的from可省,keepsb.fromdoingsth.中
from不可省略，因为keepsb.doingsth.是“使某人一直做某事”之意；但如在被动语态中，
三者的from都不可省；当后接sb’sdoingsth.作宾语时，只能用prevent或stop，不能用keep，
因为没有keepsb’sdoingsth.的句型。
[练习]根据句子的意思完成句子或翻译。
1).Doctorstookactionto___________________________________(防止这种疾病的蔓延).
2).OfcourseIcan’t_______yourgoingabroad.
3).警察阻止他们携带武器。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1).prevent/stop/keepthediseasefromspreading2).prevent/stop
3).Thepoliceprevented/stopped/keptthemfromcarryingweapons.
=Theywereprevented/stopped/keptfromcarryingweapons.
5.blockout挡住（光线）
[典例]
Thatwallblocksoutallthelight.那堵墙把光线都遮住了。
[短语归纳]out短语：
breakout爆发，发生burstout大声喊叫，突然…起来goout外出；过时；(灯)熄
putout关(灯)；扑灭；生产comeout出现，显露；出版，结果是helpout帮助解决难题(或摆脱困境)
lookout留神；注意watchout注意；提防findout找出，查明，发现
pickout挑出，辨认出，分辨出speakout大声地说，大胆地说thinkout仔细思考某事；想出（主意等）
hangout挂出，闲逛knockedout(拳击中)击倒，打昏sellout售完(某种货物)，脱销
turnout结果证明是runout(of)用完，耗尽checkout结帐离去，办妥手续离去
handout分发，散发giveout分发；用完，消耗尽；发出(光、声音等)
[练习]用out短语填空。
1).Attheendoftheracehislegs______________andhecollapsedontheground.
2).It’seasyto_______him_______inacrowdbecauseheisverytall.
3).Hisnwebookwill______________nextmonth.
4).Wethoughtitwasgoingtorain;it______________tobeafindday.
5).We______________of/fromourhotelat5a.m.tocatcha7a.m.flight.
Keys:1).gaveout2).pick;out3).comeout4).turnedout5).checkedout
6.beoff=setoff出发；动身；不用上班/学/开张
[典例]
Thenwewereoff.随后我们就启程了。
[短语归纳]off短语：
getoff下车falloff从……摔下来takeoff脱下；起飞keepoff远离
turnoff关闭payoff付清，还清set...off给……送行kickoff踢球
jumpoff跳下giveoff散发showoff炫耀shutoff关闭
[练习]用turn短语填空或翻译。
1).ItisaSundayandwe______________(不用上班)today.
2).Herhusband______________onabusinesstripsomewhere.
3).Therewesawasignreading,“______________thegrass”.
4).Aftertenyearsofhardwork,shefinally______________allherdebts.
Keys:1).areoff2).wasoff3).Keepoff4).paidoff
7.breakout(灾难、战争等)突发；爆发
[典例]
Firebrokeoutduringthenight.夜间突然发生了火灾。
[短语归纳]break短语：
breakawayfrom脱离（党派）；摆脱（控制）breakdown毁掉；坏掉；(计划/谈判)失败
breakup打碎；拆散；(会议)结束；分裂(解体)breakoff(使)停止；中断；折断
breakintosth.强行进入某处breakone’sword/promise食言；说话不算数
[练习]用break短语填空。
1).Aterribletsunami______________inthesoutheasterncountriesofAsiaatChristmas,2004.
2).Whendoyou______________forChristmas?
3).Negotiationsbetweenthetwosideshave______________.
4).Hishousewas______________lastweek.
Keys:1).brokeout2).breakup3).brokendown4).brokeninto
8.watchout密切注视；当心；提防
[典例]
Watchout!There’sacarcoming.小心!汽车来了。
[重点用法]
watchoutforsb/sth警惕或注意某人/事物watchover保护；照看
[练习]用watch短语填空。
1).Theremusthavebeenanangel______________methatday.
2).WhatproblemsshouldI_____________________whenbuyinganoldhouse?
3).You’llbecomeanalcoholicifyoudon’t______________.
Keys:1).watchingover2).watchoutfor3).watchout
Ⅴ.重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.它(地球)巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石。最终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。
[解释]“be+不定式”结构通常用来表示“按计划或安排将要做的事情”，或表示上级对下级、父母对子女下命令，“应该做某事”或表示某事“将必然发生”。例如：
1).Hereisamessageforyoufromyourheadteacher:youaretogotoherofficeafterclass.你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。
2).Theworstisstilltocome.更糟糕的事情还会发生。
3).We’llholdameetingtomorrow.=Wearetoholdameetingtomorrow.=Ameetingistobeheldtomorrow.我们明天将开会。
4).ThetrainistoarriveinBeijingat10:25am.这趟火车将于上午10:25到达北京。
[练习]完成句子或翻译。
1).Hereisamessageforyoufromyourheadteacher:you__________________toherofficeafterclass.(你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。)
2).Theworstisstill____________(come).
3).We’llholdameetingtomorrow.
=We__________________ameetingtomorrow.=Ameetingis__________________tomorrow.
4).这趟火车将于上午10：25到达北京。
________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1).aretogo2).tocome3).aretohold;tobeheld
4).ThetrainistoarriveinBeijingat10:25am.
2.Thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop.那使生命的生长发育成为一种可能。
[解释]此句中的made后跟带形式宾语it的复合结构，其中it是形式宾语，真正宾语是不定式复合结构，“forlivetobegintodevelop”，宾语补足语是possible。再如：Shemadeitherbusinesstofindoutwhowasresponsible.她非要弄清楚是谁的责任不可。
提示：常用于此结构的动词还有think，feel，find，consider等。例如：
1).Wemakeitaruletogetupat6o’clockeverymorning.
2).Ifindithardtogetalongwithhim.
3).HefounditimpossibletoleaveGermanyfortheUSA.他发现不可能离开德国去美国了。
4).Ithink/find/feel/consideritmydutytohelpyou.我觉得我有责任帮助你。
[练习]完成句子或翻译。
1).We________________________(规定)togetupat6o’clockeverymorning.
2).I__________________(发现很难)togetalongwithhim．
3).他发现不可能离开德国去美国了。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4).我觉得我有责任帮助你。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1).makeitarule2).findithard3).HefounditimpossibletoleaveGermanyfortheUSA.4).Ithink/find/feel/consideritmydutytohelpyou.
3.ButwhenItriedtostepforwardIfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
[解释]twiceas...as...“是……的两倍”，英语常见倍数的表示句型：
1).倍数+as+adj./adv.+as“是……的几倍”Myroomistwiceaslargeashis.
2).倍数+adj./adv.比较级+than“比……(多/大)几倍”Myroomistwicelargerthanhis.
3).倍数+the+表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+of“是……的长度/高度/宽度几倍”Myroomistwicethesizeofhis.
注意：此结构中常用的名词有：size,height,weight,length,widthdepth等。例如：
1).Thisruleristhreetimesaslongasthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.
=Thisruleristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.这把尺子是那把的三倍那么长。
2).Therearefourtimesasmanystudentsasweexpected.到的学生是我们预计的五倍。
[解释]twiceas...as...是的两倍，英语常见倍数的表示句型：
1).倍数+as+adj./adv.+as“是……的几倍”Myroomistwiceaslargeashis.
2).倍数+adj./adv.比较级+than“比……(多/大)几倍”Myroomistwicelargerthanhis.
3).倍数+the+表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+of“是……的长度/高度/宽度几倍”Myroomistwicethesizeofhis.
注意：此结构中常用的名词有：size,height,weight,length,widthdepth等。
[练习]完成句子或翻译。
1).这把尺子是那把的三倍那么长。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2).到的学生是我们预计的五倍。Thereare____________________________________weexpected.
Keys:1).Thisruleristhreetimesaslongasthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.
=Thisruleristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.2).fourtimesasmanystudentsas
课文要点（模块）
Ⅰ.课文词汇填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
Astheresultof"BigBang",theviolentearthslowlysettledintoaglobe1(move)aroundthesun.Thegasseswhichweretomaketheearths2（大气层）cameintobeingfromtheexplosionofthedustball,withwater3(follow)themwhiletheearthcooleddown.Itallowedthebeginningforlife.Manymillionsofyears4,thefirst5(极度的)smallplantsbegantoappear6thesurfaceofthewater,7(繁殖)andfillingtheseaandoceans,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Astimepassed,greenplantstakingcarbondioxideandproducing8（氧气）cametolandandgrewintoforest.Laterthechainsoflivescontinued,suchasinsects,amphibians,reptiles,dinosaursandmammals,thetypicalof9ishumanbeing.Theydontonlydo10totheearthbutcausedamagetoit.
答案：1.moving2.atmosphere3.following4.later5.extremely6.on7.multiplying8.oxygen9.which10.good
Ⅱ.课文大意概括（旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或将下面的短文译成英语，
短文解释了生命如何在地球上开始的。首先，地球爆炸和产生水。因为水的存在，然后植物和动物，包括人类逐渐在地球上出现。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Thepassageexplainshowlifebeganontheearth.Atfirst,theearthexplodedandproducedwater.Andthenplantsandanimalsincludinghumanbeingsappearedontheearthgraduallybecausewaterexistsontheearth.
Ⅲ.课文佳句背诵与仿写（旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）
1Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.
[模仿要点]句子结构：what＋主语从句＋is…till+时间名词＋定语从句
他要给我什么礼物一直不知，直到昨天下文他来看我是我才知道。
__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whatgifthewouldgivemewasuncertainuntilyesterdayafternoonwhenhecametoseeus.
没人知道我们将要得到什么样的工作，直到3年后我们从大学毕业以后才知道。
__________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Whatjobswewillgetisunknownuntil3yearslaterwhenwewillgraduatefromuniversity.
2Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.
[模仿要点]句子结构:主语从句＋is＋that表语从句
他想告诉我们的是一天下文当他在回家的路上看见一只小鸟受伤了。
__________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Whathewantedtotellusisthatoneafternoonwhenhewasonhiswayhomehesawabirdwhichwasdying.
他缺席的原因是他在上学时被一辆小车撞伤了。
__________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Whyhewasabsentisthathewasbadlyhurtbyacarwhenhewenttoschool.
3Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.
[模仿要点]句子结构：which引导一个定语从句对上句情况的进一步说明。
我们常常看到有人乱丢乱吐，这弄得我们的环境很脏
__________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Weoftenseesomepeoplethrowrubbishandspiteverywhere，whichmakesourenvironmentdirty.
她的父母非常感激我们，医生也高度评价了我们的急救，这使得我们意识到学习急救的必要性。
__________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Herparentswereverythankfultousandthedoctorsthoughthighlyofourfirstaid,whichmadeusrealizethenecessityoflearningfirstaid.
单元自测（模块）
1完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
字数：196完成时间：14分钟难度：***
Whosaid:"IfIdidnthavebadluck,Iwouldnthaveanyluckatall！"However，notall"badluck"shouldbeconsideredasa(n)1thing.Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyou2!Inthe1920s,ErnestHemingway3somethingabout"badluck"andgotjustsuchakick.Hewas4tosucceedasawriterwhen5struck.Helostasuitcasecontainingallthemanuscripts(手稿)thathehadbeenplanningtopublish.
Hemingwaycouldntimaginedoinghisworkalloveragain.Allthosemonthsofwritingweresimply6.
Hetoldafriendabouthisbadluck,whotoldhimitwasactuallyverygood7!Heassured(向...保证)Hemingwaythatwhenherewrotethestories,hewouldforgetthe8parts;onlythebestmaterialwouldreappear.HeencouragedHemingwaytostartagain,butwithoptimismand9thistime.Hemingwaydidrewritethestoriesandeventuallybecameaworld-famouswriter.
Dontprayforfewerproblems;prayformoreability.Dontaskforsmallerchallenges;askforgreater10.Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyouforwards!
1.A.essentialB.confusingC.acceptableD.bad
2.A.backwardsB.offC.onD.forwards
3.A.learnedB.saidC.heardD.solved
4.A.waitingB.strugglingC.dreamingD.wishing
5.A.challengesB.changesC.disasterD.failure
6.A.buriedB.failedC.wastedD.undone
7.A.fortuneB.resultC.journeyD.idea
8.A.weakB.importantC.goodD.last
9.A.knowledgeB.confidenceC.imaginationD.luck
10.A.chanceB.sympathyC.wisdomD.kick
答案：
文章用海明威的例子来说明一个问题：当生活给你一个打击，你就借势向前。
1.D通读全文可知“不应该把所有的坏运气都看作坏事”(它也许是推动你前进的一次机会或者动力)。根据此意需要选D项
2.D根据文章最后一段可以得到提示：“Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyouforwards!”当生活给你一个打击，你就借势向前。
3.A海明威通过这个“厄运”学到了一些东西。学到了/学会了要用learn表达。
4.B从第四段最后一句“Hemingwaydidrewritethestoriesandeventuallybecameaworld-famouswriter.”可知在他丢书稿的时候他尚未成名，所以是在努力(struggling)当中。
5.C即将出版的书稿丢了，这对尚未成名的海明威来说不啻是一次灾难(disaster)。
6.C这几个月的辛勤劳动的成果就这样付诸东流了(simplywasted)。
7.A他向朋友哭诉时，朋友却认为这是运气（fortune）。从下文他劝告海明威重新来写作并且取得成功可以看出来。
8.A忘记那些不太有印象的东西，这些也是小说里不怎么重要或不精彩的(weak)部分。weak与thebest相对。
9.B朋友鼓励他要乐观(optimism)，要有自信心(confidence)，而confidence与optimism并列，表达相近的意思。
10.C从前一句的“Don’tprayforfewerproblems;prayformoreability.”可知不是要祈祷问题会减少，而应该去起到自己获得更大的能力。那么，下一句：不是祈祷少一些挑战，而应该祈祷自己具备更高的智慧(greaterwisdom)来应对这些挑战。不是寻找一个简单的解决途径，而是要可能的最佳的方法。
2.语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1—10的相应位置上。
字数：143完成时间：8分钟难度：***
OnWednesdaymorningatelevenoclock,IwaswalkingdownMainStreet.Ihadjustparkedmycar.SuddenlyIheardtwoshots.Ithoughtthey1(come)fromthebank.Irantowardthebank.Isawaman2(come)out.Hewasshortandfat3abigmoustache.More4(importance),hehadabagofmoneyandaguninhishands!5Icoulddoanything,heranupthestreet6disappearedbehindabus.
ThatafternoonIwenttothemovies.7happened?Isawthethiefagainatthefootofthestairs!Itelephonedthepolicefromatelephonenexttotherestrooms.Thepolicearrivedin8thanfiveminutes.Theyarrestedthethiefjustashe9(buy)achocolatebarfromthecandymachine.Whatanexcitingday!Andbestofall,thebankgaveme100reward.
答案：
1．hadcome考查动词的过去完成时态，表枪声在我想／认为之前发生：
2．Coming考查动词短语seesomebodydoingsth．的结构：
3．with介词，"有，具有"：
4．importantlymoreimportantly表“更重要的是”：
5．Before时间状语从句，表“在……之前”：
6．andand连接ranup...和disappeared两个动作，表并列关系：
7．WhatWhathappened?是固定句型，表惊讶：
8.1esslessthan5minutes表“不到五分钟”。
9．wasbuying过去进行时态，表当时正在买巧克力时，警察逮捕了他：
10．a表一份奖品：
3.信息匹配
阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。
请阅读下列某书店各书架的相关信息：
SectionA:Do-It-YourselfSection---Ontheseshelvescustomerscanfindthelatestmanualsonhowtodoeverythingfrombuildingacomputertoconstructingyourownhome.
SectionB:SportsLeisureSection--Stocksalargerangeofthelatestbooksonyourfavouritesportingteamsandevents.PickuptheperfectFathersDaypresenthere.
SectionC:HumourSection--Agreatselectionofjokebooks,funnystoriesandwonderfulreallifeadventuresthataresuretokeepthereaderlaughingfordays.
SectionD:BusinessFinance--Students,businesspeopleoranyoneinterestedintheworldofcommercearecertaintofindthebooktheyareafterhere.Wehavespecialsubsectionforinternationaltradeande-commerce.
SectionE:Biography--Findoutaboutthelivesofyourfavouritesportsstars,singers,actorsandotherfamouspeoplefromtodayandthepast.Learnwhattheyhadtogothroughtobecomesuccessfulandtheeffectithadontheirlives.
SectionF:Education--Hasahugerangeoftextbooksandsupplementarymaterialcoveringallthemajorhighschoolanduniversitysubjects.Buyersshowingtheirstudentcardsreceivea15%discountonallpurchasesfromthissection.
阅读下列关于各书籍的信息，匹配书籍与其所应放置的书架：
1.TheDelightedEye--byProf.JohnNash--The1994NobelPrizeWinnerforEconomics,whoseideashaveinfluencedagenerationoftheworldsgreatesteconomicminds,tellshislifestory:growingupinasmalltowninAmerica,becomingoneofAmericasmostinfluentialmathematiciansandhisbattleswithmentalillness.
2.MotherTongue:TheEnglishLanguage--byBillBryson--BrysonsbookisajourneythroughthehistoryanddifferentaspectsoftheEnglishlanguage,onethatisbothinformativeandhugelyentertaining.AswithmostofBrysonsbooks,funcomesbeforefactsandreaderswillbeleftwithasmileontheirfaces.
3.IntoThinAir--byJohnKrakauer--isarivetingfirst-handaccountofadisastrousracetothetopofMountEverest.InMarch1996,"Outside"magazinesentveteranjournalistandexperiencedclimberJohnKrakauertojointheteamledbythefamousEverestguideRobHall.DespitetheexpertiseofHallandtheotherleaders,bytheendoftheraceeightpeopleweredead.
4.ReadyMade:HowtoMake(Almost)Everything--byShoshenaBergerandGraceHawthorne--beautifullywrittenwithgreatfactualinformation.Thethemebehindthisbookisre-use,re-claim,re-cycleandtherearemanydetailedeasy-to-doprojectsforthereadertotrysuchasmakingaphotoframefromabookcoverorapotforyourplantsfromplasticshoppingbags.
5.TheSmartestGuysintheRoom:TheAmazingRiseandScandalousFallofEnron--byBethanyMcLeanandPeterElkind--AsthetitlesuggeststheauthorscovertheriseoftheAmericanelectricitycompanytobecomeoneofthe10richestcompaniesintheworldanditsspectacularfallintodishonourandbankruptcy.Aperfectguideonwhatnottodoinbusiness.
答案：
1.E"Biography"对应"tellhislifestory""learnwhattheyhadtogothrough"对应"mathematiciansandhisbattleswithmentalillness"
2.C"keepthereaderlaughing"对应"readerswillbeleftwithasmileontheirfaces"
3.B"favoritesportingteamsandevents"对应"adisastrousracetothetopofMountEverest"
4.A"onhowtodoeverything"对应"thethemebehindthisbookisreuse,reclaim..."
5.D"specialsubsectionforinternationaltradeande-commerce"对应"aperfectguideonwhatnottoinbusiness"
4.读写任务
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文：
Hi,IamMike!Personally,Iprefertostudyalone.Ifindstudyingalonemorechallengingandexciting.
EachtimeIcomeupwithanideaafterlongtimethinking,Ifeelagreatsenseofachievement.StudyingalonealsoallowsmetodevelopindependentthinkingwhichisaveryimportantskillIneedasIgrowolderandmustsolvetheproblemsmyselfwithoutthehelpofparentsandteachers.Ourteachersoftenencourageustostudyingroups.Ienjoymyfriendscompany,butin-groupstudy,Ifindwespendfarlesstimestudyingandmoretimeplayinggamesandhavingfun.ItisforthesereasonsthatIbelievethemosteffectivewaytolearnnewknowledgeisbystudyingalone.
[写作内容]
学校最近组织了一次中关学生交流活动，你参加其中的“合作学习”讨论：听完Mike的发言之后，你准备写一份发言稿，题目是“MyViewonOurStudy”，内容要点包括：
1、以约30个词概括短文的要点：
2、以约120个词谈谈你对同学间是否必要合作学习的看法，并包括下面要点：
1)你对Mike的观点的评价;
2)你赞成哪一种学习方式，合作学习还是单独学习?
3)你以前采取什么学习方式，比较你先后采取两种学习方式上的变化及不同结果。
[写作要求]
1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；标题自定。
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
[写作辅导]
1．写作有可能用到的主要短语和单词：热情enthusiasm,合作学习studyingroups，单独学习studyalone。
2．本文的概要必须包含以下要点：Iprefertostudyalone.Ifindstudyingalonemorechallenging
andexciting./IbelievethemosteffectivewaytolearnnewknowledgeisbyStudyingalone.
3．本文要注意，概要一定要根据文段的时态来写。同时，绝对不能抄袭原文的句子。文章是谈你对同学间是否必要合作学习的看法，属于评论性文字，故多用一般现在时或一般将来时态。但你以前采取何种学习方式属于经历，必须使用一般过去时态。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：
TheBestWaytoLearn
InMikesspeech,weknowthathelikestostudyalonebecausestudyingaloneisthemosteffective,morechallengingandexcitingwaytolearnnewknowledge.
PersonallyIlikestudyingingroups.Whenstudyingingroupswecanlearnfromeachother,shareourexperiencesinsolvingdifficultproblemsandlearnmoreinlesstime.
InthepastIseldomhadtheconfidencetodiscussstudytopicswithmyclassmates.IalsohadlittleenthusiasmforstudyingasIfounditveryboring.ButfollowingmyteachersadviceIjoinedastudygroupandtomysurprisemyperformanceinclasswasimprovedgreatly.StudyingbecamemoreenjoyableandsomethingIlookedforwardtodoing,asIwasabletolearnfromaswellashelpothers.Soforme,studyingingroupsisbyfarthemosteffectivewaytolearn.
扩展阅读
Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars（Listening,Speaki
Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars
Listening,SpeakingandWriting
Listening
Teachinggoals教学目标
1Targetlanguage目标语言
a重点词汇和短语
gravity,bychance
b重点句子
Iheardabouthowtheideaofgravityhasdevelopedoveralongperiodoftime.Pickouttheinformationanddrawlinesfromthelisttowherethethingsareonthesuitoftheastronaut.2Abilitygoals能力目标
EnabletheSstounderstandthedifferentideasaboutgravity.EnabletheSstohaveagoodunderstandingoftheforceofgravityinordertoenjoythestoriesfullyandtobecomemoreinvolvedandexcitedaboutstudyingspaceandthestars.3.Learningabilitygoals学能目标
EnabletheSstoappreciatethatthesciencefictionstoriesareimaginarybutbasedonfact.Teachingimportantpoints教学重点
Listentothematerialaboutthedetailedinformationaboutdifferentscientistsandtheirideas.Completetheform,makeTrueorFalsejudgmentandanswerquestions.Teachingdifficultpoints教学难点
Discusswithpartnersandhaveadebatetofindoutwaystosolvetheproblemsaboutwhataspacesuitshouldbelike.Teachingmethods教学方法
a.Discussionb.ListeningcCooperativelearningd.DebatingTeachingaids教具准备ArecorderTeachingproceduresways教学过程与方式
StepI.Revision
Checkhomeworkexercise.Part3(P29):ThefactisthatIdon’tknowwhoheis.whetherhe’llcomeornot.thatmanypeopledon’tknowhowfarBeijingisfromReading,England.Yourdifficultyisthatyoudon’thaveenoughmoney.thatyoudon’tknowhowtogrowappletrees.MyproblemisthatIdon’tknowhisaddress.howlongthejourneywouldtakeus.Thequestionisthatthesnowistooheavy.whereyoucanfindarestaurant.Thetroubleishowtogetthereintime.Whetheryoucanfindataxiinsuchacoldday.Part3(P64):1.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,peoplehavecometodependmoreandmoreonthecomputertodealwithallkindsofthings.2.Nowthatmanyproblemsexistwhichcannotbesolved,warswillprobablybreakout.3.Hegraduallygotthehangofthismethodofresearchaftermanyyears’practice.4.Thepresenceofthatfamousdirectorcheeredupallthepeopleatthemeeting.5.Weshouldfindsomewaystopreventtheharmfulgasfromspreading.6.Heisalreadyexhausted.Weshouldlessenhispaininsteadofdisappointinghim.StepII.Listening(Usinglanguage)
1.TheSswillheardifferentideasaboutgravityofthreescientists,andthenfillintheblanks.T:HaveyouheardofIsaacNewton?Howmuchdoyouknowabouthim?S1:He’sEnglish.
S2:Hesetupanideawhichiscalled“gravity”.T:What’shisideaabout?
S3:Gravitymadeeverythingfallbacktotheearth.T:HaveyouheardofAlbertEinstein?
S4:Yes.He’saJew.Andhe’sfamousforhisTheoryofRelativity.T:HowmuchdoyouknowStephenHawking?
S5:Sorry,notverymuch.IknowhimjustfromthepassageonPage64,Workbook..
T:Itdoesn’tmatterifyoudon’tknowthemmuch.Todaywe’llgetmoreinformationaboutthem.TurntoPage30.GothroughPart1quickly.
2.Listentothetapethreeorfourtimesandpausewhereit’snecessary.Thenchecktheanswerswiththewholeclass.T:Areyouready?Let’slistenforthefirsttime.Pleasepayattentiontothedate.
(Playthetape.)T:Haveyougottheanswers?
S1:Yes.IsaacNewtonlivedfrom1642to1727.AlbertEinsteinlivedfrom1879to1955.StephenHawkingwasbornin1942.
T:Let’slistentothetapeagain.Pleasepayattentiontotheidea.
(Playthetapeagain.)T:Haveyougottheanswers?S2:Yes.IsaacNewton:Everythingfallsbacktotheearthbecauseofapullcalledgravity.
S3:AlbertEinstein:Gravityisdifferentinspace.
S4:StephenHawking:Blackholeswouldeatstarsandtheymayalsopushstarsoutintospace.
T:Excellentanswers!Haveyougototherinformation?Or,Whatwastheirgravityabout?
S5:Newton’sgravityisaboutearth.S6:Einstein’sideaaboutgravitywasaboutuniverse.
S7:Hawking’sideawasaboutblackholes.T:Ithinkwe’vesolvedthisproblem.NowreadfoursentencesinPart2,decidewhichthebestideais.Ifyouarenotsure,wewilllistentothetapeforthelasttime.
(Afterplaythetape.)T:Whichoneisthebest?
S8:No.3.
T:WhyNo.3?What’swrongwiththeotherthree?
S9:Ourlisteningpassagedidn’tmentionhowthreemenmademistakes.Itonlymentionedthatotherscientistsfoundtheymademistakes.SoNo.1isnotcorrect.
S10:No.2isnottruebecausethethreescientistswantedtoexplainhowtheuniverseworkedandnothowitbegan..
S11:No.4istoogeneralanditdoesn’tgiveenoughdetails.
T:Yourexplanationsareenough.SowechooseNo.3.ThenturntoPage62,Listening.
StepIIIListening(WBP62)
1.Part1.T:Who’sYangLiwei?S1:He’sourherowhotraveledintospaceonOctober15,2003.T:What’sthenameofthespaceship?
S2:ShenzhouV.
T:Doyouknowwhateducationandexperienceyouneedtobecomeanastronaut?
S3:No.
T:OK.Nowwe’lllistentoaconversationbetweenYangLiweiandareporter.First,gothroughthesixsentencesinPart1.Nowlistentothetape.
(Afterlistening)
T:Haveyougotthat?NowreadthesentencesandtellusTrueorFalse.Ifit’snottrue,correctit.
Askstudentstoreadthemandchecktheanswerswiththewholeclass.Answers:FFTTTT2.Part2.T:NowfocusyourattentiononPart2.Thenwe’lllistentothetapeagain..
Playthetapeandpausewhenthestudentsneedtowriteinformationdown.Thencollectanswers.InformationonYangLiweiTheexamshepassedExcellentdegreeand10years’trainingExperiencePilotfortheairforceofthePLAPhysicalqualitiesSmallerthan170cm,lessthan70kgPersonalqualitiesCalm,mature,hard-working3.Part3.FirstaskSstotalkabouttheanswer.IfnecessaryplaythetapeagainforSstochecktheanswer.Answers:1.There’saspecialseattothrowhimoutofthespacerocketifthingswentwrong.
Therearealsoaspecialdoorforanotherspacerockettorescuehim
2.Theanswercanbedifferent.
StepIVListeningTask(P65)
T:Doyouwanttohaveaspacewalk?
S:Yes,ofcourse..
T:Butyouknowit’sdangerous,anditneedsagreatdealofpractice.Youshouldalsowearaspacesuit.Thespacesuitneedssomeequipment.Doyouknoweachpartoftheequipment?
S:We’renotclear.
T:Nowlistentothetape.Thenyou’llgetit.
PlaythetapetwiceorthreetimestofinishPart1and2.
KeytoPart1:CKeytoPart2:1.oxygencan(ontheback)2.watersystem(thepartofthesuitcoveringthebody)3.gravityboots(onthefeet)4.leftengine(ontheleftside)5.rightengine(ontherightside)6.toolkit(onthewaist,attheback)
StepVHomework
Todaywehavelistenedtothreematerials.Afterclass,youshouldlistentothemagainandsumupwhatyouhavelearntfromthem.Forthehomework,thinkaboutaquestion:Whatneedstobeanastronaut?Speaking
Teachinggoals教学目标
1Targetlanguage目标语言
a重点词汇和短语preparation,instruction,unexpected,asetof,payattentionto,aswellasb交际用语
Practicegivinginstructions
Pleaselookat/listento…Pleasecheckthat…Youneed…Pleasepayattentionto…Don’tforgetto…You’dbetter…Makesureyou…Watchoutfor…Youmustn’t…2Abilitygoals能力目标
a.EnabletheSstomakealistofthingsthattheyneed.b.EnabletheSstotalkaboutgivinginstructions.c..EnabletheSstoplaydifferentrolesinaconversation.3Learningabilitygoals学能目标a.LearnhowtomakealistofthingsthattheyneedbHelptheSslearnhowtotalkaboutgivinginstructionsc.EnabletheSslearnhowtoplaydifferentrolesinaconversation.Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints教学重点难点
a.TeachtheSshowtohowtotalkaboutgivinginstructionsb.HelptheSstolearnhowtoplaydifferentrolesinaconversation.Teachingmethods教学方法
a.Pairsworkandgroupworkb.DiscussionandcooperativelearningTeachingaids教具准备
1Acomputer2AprojectorTeachingproceduresways教学过程与方式
StepIRevision
AsksomeoftheSstoreadhis/herpassageaboutgravity.
Onepossiblepassage:
ThereisapopularstorythatNewtonwassittingunderanappletree,anapplefellonhishead,andhesuddenlythoughtoftheUniversalLawofGravitation.Asinallsuchlegends,thisisalmostcertainlynottrueinitsdetails,butthestorycontainselementsofwhatactuallyhappened.
WhatReallyHappenedwiththeApple?
ProbablythemorecorrectversionofthestoryisthatNewton,uponobservinganapplefallfromatree,begantothinkalongthefollowinglines:Theappleisaccelerated,sinceitsvelocitychangesfromzeroasitishangingonthetreeandmovestowardtheground.Thus,byNewtons2ndLawtheremustbeaforcethatactsontheappletocausethisacceleration.Letscallthisforce"gravity",andtheassociatedaccelerationthe"acclerationduetogravity".Thenimaginetheappletreeistwiceashigh.Again,weexpecttheappletobeacceleratedtowardtheground,sothissuggeststhatthisforcethatwecallgravityreachestothetopofthetallestappletree.SirIsaacsMostExcellentIdea
NowcameNewtonstrulybrilliantinsight:iftheforceofgravityreachestothetopofthehighesttree,mightitnotreachevenfurther;inparticular,mightitnotreachallthewaytotheorbitoftheMoon!Then,theorbitoftheMoonabouttheEarthcouldbeaconsequenceofthegravitationalforce,becausetheaccelerationduetogravitycouldchangethevelocityoftheMooninjustsuchawaythatitfollowedanorbitaroundtheearth.Thiscanbeillustratedwiththethoughtexperimentshowninthefollowingfigure.Supposewefireacannonhorizontallyfromahighmountain;theprojectilewilleventuallyfalltoearth,asindicatedbytheshortesttrajectoryinthefigure,becauseofthegravitationalforcedirectedtowardthecenteroftheEarthandtheassociatedacceleration.(Rememberthatanaccelerationisachangeinvelocityandthatvelocityisavector,soithasbothamagnitudeandadirection.Thus,anaccelerationoccursifeitherorboththemagnitudeandthedirectionofthevelocitychange.)
Butasweincreasethemuzzlevelocityforourimaginarycannon,theprojectilewilltravelfurtherandfurtherbeforereturningtoearth.Finally,Newtonreasonedthatifthecannonprojectedthecannonballwithexactlytherightvelocity,theprojectilewouldtravelcompletelyaroundtheEarth,alwaysfallinginthegravitationalfieldbutneverreachingtheEarth,whichiscurvingawayatthesameratethattheprojectilefalls.Thatis,thecannonballwouldhavebeenputintoorbitaroundtheEarth.NewtonconcludedthattheorbitoftheMoonwasofexactlythesamenature:theMooncontinuously"fell"initspatharoundtheEarthbecauseoftheaccelerationduetogravity,thusproducingitsorbit.Bysuchreasoning,NewtoncametotheconclusionthatanytwoobjectsintheUniverseexertgravitationalattractiononeachother,withtheforcehavingauniversalform:
TheconstantofproportionalityGisknownastheuniversalgravitationalconstant.Itistermeda"universalconstant"becauseitisthoughttobethesameatallplacesandalltimes,andthusuniversallycharacterizestheintrinsicstrengthofthegravitationalforce.
StepIIPresentation
T:DoyouremembertheconversationbetweenLiYanpingandProfessorWallis?
S1:Yes.
T:Weallknowthatspacewalkisdifficultanddangerous.Whatshouldanastronauttakewithhim?
S2:oxygencan.
S3:spacesuit.
S4:gravityboots.
S5:watersystem.
S6:specialfood.
S7:specialropes.T:Great!Doyouknowtheusageofthem?NowdiscussthemwithyourpartneraccordingtotheformonPage31.YoucanrefertoourlisteningmaterialonPage65.
WhenSsdiscuss.Teacherwalkaroundtheclassroomtogivethemsomehelp.StepIIISpeaking(Page31)
(Afterafewminutes.)T:Haveyoufinished?Nowspeakoneortwosentencesforeachequipmentyoushouldtake.Sa:Iwilltakewaterwithmeinmyspacesuitinordertowarmorcoolmeifit’stoocoldortoohot.
Sb:Iwilltakeoxygencanonmybackinordertohelpmebreatheoxygeninspace.Sc:I’llwearspacesuit.tcanprotectmefrommanydangers.Itcancarrymanynecessarythingsinoronit.
Sd:I’lltakespacebuggyinordertotravelonthemoon.
Se:I’lltakearopetotiemetothespaceship,orI’llflyaway.
Sf:I’lltakespecialfoodsothatIcaneateasily,becausethefoodwillfloatinspace.
Sg:I’llwearspecialsunglassesinordertoprotectmyeyes.
Sh:I’lltakespacecamerainordertotakephotos.
T:Wonderful!Anythingelse?
Si:I’llwearspacebootsinordertowalkthere.
T:Verygood.You’vedoneanexcellentjob!Doyouknowhowtofillintheformnow?
Ss:Yes.
T:Nowlookatthescreenandcheckyouranswer.
Sampleanswer:
Tokeepyoucool
Spaceshipwithwatertocoolyou
tohelpyoubreatheoxygen
Oxygentankstocarryonyourback
Clothesforexercise
spacesuit
Totravelonthemoon
Spacebuggy
Toprotectyourskin
Spacesuit
Tostopyouflyingoffintospace
Aropetotieyoutothespaceship
Tostopyourfoodfromfloatingaway
Spacefoodthatyoucaneatmoreeasily
Clothesforwalkingonthemoon
Spacesuit
Togiveshade
Sunglassesinyourspacesuithelmet
Totakephotographs
Spacecamera
StepIVTalking(Page62)
Thetaskasksthestudentstoworkinpairsandgiveafriendanumberof“does”and“don’ts”forgoingintospace.Theyneedtomakesuggestionsusingthephrasesthattheyhavebeengiventohelpthem.Whentheyhaveworkedouttheadvicetheycanwritethesuggestionsdownandreadthemouttotheclass.ShowtheusefulexpressionsPleaselookat/listento…Pleasecheckthat…Youneed…Pleasepayattentionto…Don’tforgetto…You’dbetter…Makesureyou…Watchoutfor…Youmustn’t…T:Nowdiscussitinpairs.ThenIwillasksomepairstoreadouttheirinstructions.
Sampledialogue:
S1:I’mgoingtovisitacomet.I’mleavingtomorrow.
S2:Howexciting!Pleasecheckthatyouhavegotthecorrectsortofspacesuit.Youneedthekindthatwillkeepyouwarmifit’stoocold.
S1:Ofcourse!
S2:Makesureyouknowallthesafetyrules.It’snotsafetostandonacometorgettooclose.Thereisalwaysastrongwindinspace.
S1:Iwon’tleavethespaceshipexceptthatItakephotos.
S2:Photos?Justthinkofthedustintheair.Itwillmaketakingphotosverydifficult.
S1:Well,I’lltakesomeanyway.
S2:Watchoutforthespacewind!Itcanbeverydangerous.
S1:Yes,Iknowthat.
S2:Don’tforgettowatchthetimeasyouleavetheearth.Pleasepayattentiontoeverythingyourspaceguidesays.Don’tgooffonyourown.Lookatyourtemperatureonyourspacesuitallthetime.Ifit’stoolowyouneedtowarmitupandifit’stoohighyouneedtocoolitdown.Anyway,haveagoodtrip!
S1:Thankyou.Iwill.
StepVSpeakingTask(Page67)
Thepurposeofthistaskistousetheinformationthestudentshavegainedfromthelisteningtextandreadingpassageinanewsituation.Theyaregoingtointerviewtheastronomerinourstory,LiYanping,foranewspaper.Soinpairstheneedtoworkoutsomequestionstoaskhim.Eachofthepairsneedstothinkofthreedifferentquestions.Andtrytofindtheanswers.
Questionsandanswers:
1.Whatwasthemostunexpectedthingyoufoundoutaboutblackholes?
Theblackholethrewoutmaterialaswellasateobjects.
2.Howdidyouknowyouhadgotclosetoablackhole?
Youcanseethingsdisappearintowhatappearstobeanemptyspace.That’sablackhole.3.Whatwasthemostfrighteningthingthathappenedtoyouonthisjourney?
Whenthegravityoftheblackholewaspullingustoit’smouth,andthenthespaceshipmovedroundtheholeandbegantogofasterandfasterintoit;IwasterrifiedbecauseIthoughtwewouldbeeatenbythehole.
4.Whydidyourwatchmoveslowerwhenyourspaceshipmovedaroundthehole?
I’mnotclearyet.
5.Haveyoufoundsomethingnewaboutblackholes?
Yes.Ithoughtblackholesonlyeatsomeobjects,butinfacttheyalsospitobjectsout.
StepVIHomework:
Prepareforwritingapassageaboutyourideaorhopesfortravelinginspace.
Writing
Teachinggoals教学目标
1Targetlanguage目标语言
a重点词汇和短语explore,characteristicsb重点句子Writeashortarticleexplainingthreeproblemsyoumightmeetonthemoon..Youmayaskthefollowingquestionsaswellasworkoutsomemore.2Abilitygoals能力目标
EnabletheSstowriteanarticleaboutyourideaorhopesfortravelinginspace.
3Learningabilitygoals学能目标
HelptheSstolearnhowtowriteapassage.
Teachingimportantdifficultpoints教学重点和教学难点
TeachtheSshowtowriteanarticleaboutaspacetravel.Teachingmethods教学方法
Task-basedlearningDiscussion.Teachingaids教具准备
aprojector,acomputerTeachingproceduresways教学过程与方式
StepIWriting
Thepurposeofthiswritingisforstudentstothinkaboutwhatkindofequipmenttheywouldneedtobesafeinspace.It’sagoodopportunityforadiscussionaboutthepainsandpleasuresthatmightoccurwhentravelinginspace.Afterthediscussion,theycanwritedowntheproblemsandthewaytosolvethem.
T:Ifyouaregoingoffonaholiday,whatwillyoutake?
S1:Iwilltakeclothes,shoes,foodandmanyotherthings.
T:Butforspacetravel,youneedspecializedequipment.Whatequipmentshouldyoutake?Wehavediscussedtheminlastlesson.Whocananswerthisquestion?
S2:oxygencan,spacesuit,gravityboots,watersystem,specialfood.,specialropes,spacebuggy,sunglassesandspacecamera.
T:Wetakesomanythingswithusinordertoavoidmanydangers.Whatarethedangers?Ifyoudon’tknowmanyenough,let’swatchthefilm“Apollo”.It’safilmaboutanAmericanspacemissionthatwentwrong.Afterthat,youshouldwritedownthedangersandthewaytosolvethem.
(Watchthefilm.)Samplearticle:
IfIvisitedthemoon,Imighthavethreeproblems:howtobreathe,howtoeatandhowtomovearound.
IwouldhavetocarryallmyairwithmeifIwenttothemoon.Thisisbecausethemoonhasnoairofitsown.SoIwouldneedoxygentanksplacedonmybacksoIcouldbreatheallthetime.
IwouldhavetotakeallmyfoodwithmeifIwenttothemoon.Inthespaceship,thereisnogravitysothefoodwouldfloataround.So,IwouldmakesurethatitisspeciallymadeasspacefoodandthenIwouldbeabletoeatiteasily.
IwouldfinditdifficulttomovearoundonthemoonasIwouldweighone-sixthwhatIweighontheearth.ThismeansIwouldbouncelikeaballoonifItrytowalk.IwouldhavetolearntowalkdifferentlysothatIdon’tfallover.
IfIfollowthisadvice,IthinkIwillhaveagoodholidayonthemoon.
StepIIWritingTask
Thepurposeofthiswritingtaskisforthestudentstousetheinformationtheyhavegatheredonastronomyandtheirquestionstoeachothertowriteaninterestingandlivelynewspaperarticle.
T:HaveyoueverrememberedOct.16th,2003?
S:Yes,ofcourse..
T:Whathappenedonthatday?S:China’sfirstmannedspaceshiplandedsafelythatday.
T:It’sagreatmomentforChinaandthewholeworld.Howmanypreparationshavetheymadeforthisspacetravel?
S:Notexactly.Buttheymusthavemadefullpreparationsforthismannedspaceflight.T:DoyouadmireYangLiwei?S:Heisourhero.
T:Doyouwanttobeagreatmanlikehim?S:Ofcourse,I’mdreamingofthat.
T:You’llgetthechanceifyouworkhard..Chinahasothernewplans.Thescientistsplantoputalabintospacemannedbyscientistsforshortperiods.Theyaimtovisitthemoontolookforvaluableresourcesthereaswellastostudyitsenvironmentandgeologicalstructures.Doyouwanttobethatluckyscientist?Supposeyouarethescientistwhovisitsthemooninthefuture,pleasetellusyourplan.Forexample,youcanthinkaboutthesequestionsandwritedownyourplan.
1.Whatpreparationsshouldyoumake?
2.Whatwillyouseeduringyourspacetravel?
3.Whatwillyoudoonthemoon?
Showsamplearticle:
Goingintospace
Carryoutresearchonthemoon
I’llvisitmoonsoon.Asascientist,Ihavealwayswantedtovisititbymyself.Butit’snotaneasything.SoIshouldmakemanypreparations.FirstI’lltakeenoughexerciseinordertobestrong.ThenI’lltakeenoughandnecessaryequipmentwithme.IwillmakenotesofwhatI’llseeonthemoonbecausewe’llputalabonit.Throughexperimentsinthelab,we’llcollectvaluableresourcesandstudyitsenvironmentandgeologicalstructures.We’llalsowanttofindoutifit’sagoodplaceforhumanstoliveininthefuture.IbelieveI’llgetwhatIwanttogetfromthemoon.(Teachercansupplyotherinformationforstudents.Showthefollowingonthescreen:)
China’smannedspaceprogrammehasfourgoals:1.todevelopbasicmannedspaceflighttechnology;2.toobservetheearthandundertakeexperimentsinspace;3.tohelpdesignspacevehicles;4.toaccumulateexperienceforalargespacestationT:Supposeyouarepartofthisfutureprogramme,talkaboutwhatyou’lldo,whatyou’llseeandwhatyou’llget.
StepIIIProject
Askstudentstocollectasmuchinformationastheycanaboutthenineplanetsinoursolarsystem.Chooseoneplanetthattheywouldliketoexplore.Thenwritearesearchreport.ThereportshouldincludethefourrequirementsonPage68.
1.Onepossibleproject:
Topic:Mars
TheplanetIhavechosenisMarsbecauseit’stheclosesttotheearthandit’llbeoneofthefirstplanetsforustoexplore.It’snamedaftertheRomangodofwarbecausefromtheearthitlooksredinthesky.
Information
Position:4thplanetinoursolarsystem
Distancefromoursun:228millionkms
Diameter:halfthesizeoftheEarth
Mass:onetenththesizeofEarth
Gravity:onethirdofthatofEarth
Surfacesize:sameasdrylandofEarth
Lengthofday:halfanhourlongerthanEarthday
Timetocirclethesun:twoEarthyears
Satellites:two
Air:95%carbondioxide2%argon,3%nitrogen,verylittleoxygen
Findingsfromspacetrips
ThemostimportanttripstoMarshavebeenmadebytheUSandUSSR.TheyhavebothsentmanyspaceshipsbutnopeopletovisitMars.Theyhavediscovered:
---therearetwoseasonsonMars:awarm,dusty,southernsummerandcold,dusty-freenorthernwinter.
---nolifecanliveonMarsnow,astheairdoesn’thaveenoughoxygen
---therearesomeevidenceofearlylifewhentherewaswateronMarsthreemillionyearsago
---changesinthecolorofMarsareproducedbyduststormsonMars
---ithasanorthandasouthpolemadeoffrozencarbondioxidegas
WhatIwouldliketofindout
1.whetherthereislifeunderthesurfaceofMars
2.whetheritwouldbepossibleforpeopletoliveonMars
3.whetherthereisoilorjewelsorrocksthatwouldbeusefulforpeopleonEarth
2.Anotherproject:
Topic:Jupiter
JupiteristhefifthplanetfromtheSunandisthelargestoneinthesolarsystem.IfJupiterwerehollow,morethanonethousandEarthscouldfitinside.Italsocontainsmorematterthanalloftheotherplanetscombined.Ithasamassof1.9x1027kgandis142,800kilometers(88,736miles)acrosstheequator.Jupiterpossesses28knownsatellites,fourofwhich-Callisto,Europa,GanymedeandIo-wereobservedbyGalileoaslongagoas1610.Another12satelliteshavebeenrecentlydiscoveredandgivenprovisionaldesignatorsuntiltheyareofficiallyconfirmedandnamed.Information
JupiterStatistics
Mass(kg)
1.900e+27
Mass(Earth=1)
3.1794e+02
Equatorialradius(km)
71,492
Equatorialradius(Earth=1)
1.1209e+01
Meandensity(gm/cm^3)
1.33
MeandistancefromtheSun(km)
778,330,000
MeandistancefromtheSun(Earth=1)
5.2028
Rotationalperiod(days)
0.41354
Orbitalperiod(days)
4332.71
Meanorbitalvelocity(km/sec)
13.07
Orbitaleccentricity
0.0483
Tiltofaxis(degrees)
3.13
Orbitalinclination(degrees)
1.308
Equatorialsurfacegravity(m/sec^2)
22.88
Equatorialescapevelocity(km/sec)
59.56
Visualgeometricalbedo
0.52
Magnitude(Vo)
-2.70
Meancloudtemperature
-121°C
Atmosphericpressure(bars)
0.7
Atmosphericcomposition
Hydrogen
Helium
90%
10%
Findingsfromspacetrips
1.Thereisaringsystem,butitisveryfaintandistotallyinvisiblefromtheEarth.(Theringswerediscoveredin1979byVoyager1.)
2.Theatmosphereisverydeep,perhapscomprisingthewholeplanet,andissomewhatliketheSun.Itiscomposedmainlyofhydrogenandhelium,withsmallamountsofmethane,ammonia,watervaporandothercompounds.
3.AtgreatdepthswithinJupiter,thepressureissogreatthatthehydrogenatomsarebrokenupandtheelectronsarefreedsothattheresultingatomsconsistofbareprotons.Thisproducesastateinwhichthehydrogenbecomesmetallic.
4.Colorfullatitudinalbands,atmosphericcloudsandstormsillustrateJupitersdynamicweathersystems.Thecloudpatternschangewithinhoursordays.TheGreatRedSpotisacomplexstormmovinginacounter-clockwisedirection.
5.Auroralemissions,similartoEarthsnorthernlights,wereobservedinthepolarregionsofJupiter.WhatIwouldliketofindout
1.whetherthereislifeunderthesurfaceofJupiter
2.whetheritwouldbepossibleforpeopletoliveonJupiter
3.whetherthereisoilorjewelsorrocksthatwouldbeusefulforpeopleonEarth
StepVHomework
Sumupthewholeunit.Collectthematerialsaboutstars,spacetravelanddifferentideasaboutthebeginningoflife..
Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars（Vocabularyand&nb
Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars（VocabularyandUsefulExpressions）
●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
（1）Words：
crack，burst，ruin，injure，destroy，shock，last的具体用法。
（2）Phrases：
atanend，rightaway，digout的用法
（3）Sentencepatterns：
Allhopewasnotlost.（部分否定句）
2.Ability：
（1）Trainthestudents’abilitytoreaddifferentnumbersinEnglish.
（2）Learntheusageofsomedifficultwordsandexpressions.
（3）Trainthestudents’abilitytoremovethedifficultieswhilereading.
3.Emotion：
（1）Trainthestudents’abilitytocooperatewithothers.
（2）Knowthedeadlinessofanearthquakeandthesignsbeforeanearthquakeiscoming.
（3）LearnfromthebraveryofpeopleinTangshantofacetherealityandrebuildthecity.
●教学重点
（1）Trainthestudents’abilitytoreaddifferentnumbersinEnglish.
（2）Trainthestudents’abilitytocooperatewithothers.
●教学难点
（1）Theexplanationofsomedifficultwordsandexpressions.
（2）Trainthestudents’abilitytoremovethedifficultieswhilereading.
●教具准备
（1）ataperecorder
（2）aprojector
（3）theblackboard
●教学过程
Step1Greetings
Greetthewholeclassasusual.
Step2Revision
T：Inthelastperiod，welearnedsomethingabouttheterribleTangshanEarthquakein1976，whichisthedeadliestearthquakeinChina’shistory.NowIamgoingtoaskyousomequestionsbasedontheReadingpassage.
T：WhatdidpeopleinTangshanseeintheskybeforetheearthquake？
S1：Theysawbrightlightsinthesky.
T：Whatdidpeoplehear？
S2：TheyheardthesoundofplanesoutsideTangshanevenwhennoplaneswereinthesky.
T：Whatdidpeoplenoticeinthewells？
S3：Peoplenoticedthewellwallshaddeepcracks，andasmellygascameoutofthecracks.
T：Didpeoplepayanyattentiontotheseabnormalphenomena？
S4：No.Theywenttobedasusualthatnight.
T：Whendidtheearthquakebegin？
S5：At3：42inthemorningofJuly28.
T：Howmanypeoplewerekilledorinjuredinthequake？
S6：Morethan400000people.
T：Couldtheinjuredpeoplegotohospital？
S7：No，theycouldn’tbecauseallofthecity’shospitalsweregoneinthequake.
T：Werethereanyaftershocks？
S8：Yes.Laterthatafternoon，anotherbigquakeshookTangshan.Manyrescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.
T：Didthesurvivorsdenythecityandgotoliveinotherplaces？
S9：No.Theydidtherescueworkwiththehelpof150000soldierssentbythearmy.SlowlythecityofTangshanbegantobreatheagain.
T：Iamverysatisfiedwithyourwork.
Step3LearningaboutNumbers
T：MaybeyouhavealreadynoticedthattherearealotofnumbersintheReadingpassage.Toreadthemcorrectlyisveryimportant.SometimesthereisatestonnumbersinListening.
T：NowturntoPage28andlookatPart3.Matcheachwordtothenumberthathasthesamemeaning.
（AllowSsseveralminutestofinishthetask.）
T：Nowlet’scheckyouranswers.
S：A.90%ninetypercent
B.10000tenthousand
C.1000000onemillion
D.150000onehundredandfiftythousand
E.75%seventy-fivepercent
F.1/3one-third
G.500000halfamillion
H.2/3two-thirds
Step4Importantpoints
T：IntheReadingpassageofthisunit，therearesomeimportantwordsandexpressions.Iwillfirstgiveyoufiveminutestopickoutthedifficultwords，expressionsandsentencepatterns.Youmayworkwithyourpartner.
（Afterfiveminutes.）
S1：Inthefirstparagraph，“...thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.”Howcanweunderstand“burst”？
T：Ifsomethingburstsorifyouburstsit，itbreaksopenorapartsuddenlyandviolentlysothatitscontentscomeout.
e.g.Youaregoingtobursttheballoon，ifyouarenotcareful.
S2：Inthefirstparagraph，“Farmers’wivesnoticedthatthewellwallshaddeepcracksinthem.”andinthesecondparagraph“Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswide.”Dothetwo“cracks”havethesamemeaning？
T：Youareverycareful.Yes，theyhavethesamemeaning.Bothofthemarenouns.“Crack”meansaverynarrowspacebetweentwothingsortwopartsofsomething.“Crack”canalsobeaverb，meaningtobreakormakesomethingbreaksothatitgetsoneormorelinesonitssurface，asinthesentence“Inthecity，thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.”
e.g.Shefelloffherbikeandcrackedaboneinherleg.
S3：Howcanweunderstandthissentenceinthesecondparagraph“Itseemedthattheworldwasatanend.”？
T：Inordertounderstandthissentence，youhavetoknowthemeaningofthephrase“beatanend”.Itreferstoasituationinwhichsomethingisfinishedornolongerexisted.
e.g.Thelonghotsummerwasatlastatanend.
Otherexamplesare“cometoanend”，“putanendtosth.”.
T：Sonowwhocanexplainthesentenceinourtext？
S4：Letmehaveatry.Theearthquakewassoterriblethatnearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.Sopeoplethoughtitwastheendoftheworld.
T：Excellent.Andthissentenceusesexaggeration.
S5：Inthesecondparagraph，“Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.”Whydon’tweuse“ruin”insteadof“ruins”？
T：“Ruin”canbeanuncountablenoun，whichmeansasituationinwhichyouhavelostallyourmoney，yoursocialposition，orthegoodopinionthatpeoplehadaboutyou.
e.g.Withthecollapseofgrainprices，smallfarmersareonthebrinkoffinancialruin.
While“ruins”meansthepartofabuildingthatisleftaftertheresthasbeendestroyed.
e.g.theruinsofabombed-outofficeblock
S6：Inthesecondparagraph“Two-thirdsofthepeoplediedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.”Canweuse“wound”totaketheplaceof“injure”？
T：No.Toinjuresomeonemeanscausingphysicalharmtosomeone，forexampleinanaccidentoranattack.Towoundsomeonemeansinjuringsomeone，especiallybymakingacutorholeintheirskinusingaknife，gun，etc.
e.g.（1）Oneoftheplayersinjuredhiskneeandhadtobecarriedoff.
（2）Gunmenkilledtwopeopleandwoundedsixothersinanattacktoday.
S7：Inthethirdparagraph“Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.”Canweusetheword“ruin”totaketheplaceof“destroy”？
T：No.“Destroy”meanstodamagesomethingsobadlythatitnolongerexistsorcannotberepaired.Ifyou“ruin”somethinggoodoruseful，itthenusuallyexists，butnolongerhasitsgoodqualitiesorfeatures.
e.g.（1）Theschoolwascompletelydestroyedinthebigfirelastnight.
（2）Toomuchsugarcanruinyourteeth.
S8：Inthethirdparagraph，“Peoplewereshocked.”What’sthemeaningofthesentence？
T：“Shock”heremeanstomakesomeonefeelverysurprisedandupsetandunabletobelievewhathashappened.
e.g.Themurderofsuchayoungchilddeeplyshockedthewholecommunity.
S9：Sothesentenceinourtextmeanspeopleweresurprised.
T：Yes.Butthereisaslightdifferencebetween“shock”and“surprise”.Ifsomethingis，comesas，orgivesyouashockitisunexpectedandoftenverybad.
e.g.Itcameasagreatshocktohearshewasleavinghome.
Butasurpriseissomethingthatisunexpected，butisnotnecessarilybad.
e.g.Whatanicesurprise!Ididn’teventhinkyouwereinthecountry!
S10：Inthethirdparagraph，“Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.”Whatdoestheword“last”meaninthissentence？Isitanadjective？
T：No，itisnotanadjectivebutaverb.“Last”heremeanstocontinueforaparticularlengthoftime.
e.g.ThehotweatherlastedforthewholemonthofJuly.
Asaverb，“last”couldalsomeantomanagetoremaininthesamesituation，evenwhenthisisdifficult.
e.g.Theywon’tbeabletolastmuchlongerwithoutfreshsupplies.
Theword“last”canalsobeusedasalinkingverb.Itmeansbeingenoughforsomeonetouse.
e.g.Weonlyhadtolastustherestofthemonth.
S11：Inthelastparagraph，“Allhopewasnotlost.”Whatisthemeaningofthissentence？
T：Thissentenceisapartialnegative.Ithasthesamemeaningwith“Notallhopewaslost.”
e.g.（1）Allthestudentsdonotagreetotheplan.
（2）Notallthestudentsagreetotheplan.
Thesetwosentencesmeansomeofthestudentsagreetotheplan，butsomedon’t.
Step5Consolidation
T：Nowaftertheexplanationsofthewords，expressionsandsentencepatterns，let’sdosomeexercises.PleaseturntoPage28andlookatPart2inLearningaboutLanguage.Completethepassagewithsomeofthewordsinthetext.
（Afterseveralminutesteacherasksoneofthestudentstoreadtheshortpassage.Correctanymistakesifthereareany.）
Step6Homework
T：Inordertomastertheusageofthesewordsandexpressions，pleasedosomerelatedexercises.FinishoffthetwopartsinUsingWordsandExpressionsonPage63.
●板书设计
Unit4Earthquakes
TheThirdPeriod
ImportantWords：
1.burst（v.）2.crack（n./v.）
3.ruin
4.injure/wound
5.destroy/ruin
6.shocked
7.last（vi.）
ImportantExpressions：
1.Itseemedthattheworldwasatanend.
2.Allhopewasnotlost.（部分否定句）
●活动与探究
Story-tellingCompetition：
Formostofhumanhistory，peoplecouldonlyimaginewhatcausedearthquakestohappen.Sostoriesweretoldtoexplainthisnaturaldisaster.AstoryfromIndiasaysthatfourverybigelephantsholeuptheearth.Theelephantsstandonthebackofabiggerturtle.Theturtlestandsonanevenbiggersnake.Whenanyofthesehugemagicalanimalsmove，theearthbeginstoshake!
1.Inpairsmakeupastorytoexplainhowanearthquakehappens.
2.Shareyourstorywithyourclassmates.
3.Choosewhichoneisthemostinteresting.Giveareason.
●备课资料
知识点归纳：
1.shake用法归纳（shake，shook，shaken）
（1）抖动，震动，常作不及物动词，也作及物动词。
Thehouseshookwhentheearthquakestarted.
当地震发生时，房子震动了。
Shewasshakingwithanger.
她气得发抖。
Hisheavystepsshooktheroom.
他沉重的脚步使房子都震动了。
Shewasbadlyshakenbythenews.
她对这个消息大为震惊。
（2）摇动，作及物动词
Shakethebottlebeforetakingthemedicine.
服药前摇匀。
（3）颤动，作不及物动词
Hishandsshookalittleashewrote.
他写字的时候手有点发抖。
Hisvoiceshookwithemotion.
他很激动，声音都有些颤抖了。
（4）shakeproofadj.防震的，抗震的
（5）常用短语：
①和某人握手
shakehandswithsb.
shakesb.’shand
shakesb.bythehand
Heshookhandswarmlywithme.
Heshookmyhandwarmly.
Heshookmewarmlybythehand.
他和我热情地握了手。
②摇头shakeone’shead
（6）辨析
shake系常用词，指“上下来回短促而急速地摇动”。
Shakebeforetaking.
（药瓶标签上）服前摇匀。
tremble指“由于恐惧、悲愤、兴奋等情绪或因寒冷、疲劳等引起无意识地颤抖”。
Shetrembledatthelion’sroar.
听到狮吼，她浑身发抖。
quake可与tremble换用，但较为正式，指“强烈地颤动”。
Theearthquaked.
地震了。
quiver指“轻微而急速地颤动、摇动”。
Theleavesquiveredwiththebreeze.
树叶随微风摆动。
shiver指“由于寒冷、恐惧或生病而发抖”。
Heshiveredwithcold.
他冻得发抖。
2.strike用法归纳（strike，struck，struck/stricken）
（1）打，击，敲，常表示用力打，可以是一次或多次。
Strikewhiletheironishot.
趁热打铁。
hit比strike稍弱，指一次性的打或击中。
beat指连续多次地打，也指有节奏的击打，心脏跳动用beat。
（2）触（礁），撞
Hisheadstruckthetableashefell.
他摔下时头撞在了桌子上。
（3）发起进攻，袭击
Ourtroopsstrucktheenemycampatdawn.
我们的部队在黎明时分袭击了敌营。
（4）擦（火柴）
Istruckamatchandheldittohiscigarette.
我擦着了一根火柴来点燃他的香烟。
（5）（钟）敲
Ileftimmediatelytheclockstrucktwelve.
钟一敲12下，我就离开了。
（6）（某种想法）突然出现，忽然想起
Itstruckmethatweoughttomakeanewplan.
我突然想起我们得制订个新计划了。
（7）给（人）某种印象或感觉，给人深刻的印象（常用于被动结构）
Howdoestheplanstrikeyou？
你觉得这个计划怎么样？
Iwasdeeplystruckbyherbeauty.
她的美给我留下了深刻的印象。
（8）罢工
Theyarestrikingforhigherpay.
他们在为争取高工资而罢工。
3.rise（rise，rose，risen）
（1）太阳、月亮、星星升起，出现
Thesunroseatseveno’clock.
太阳七点钟升起。
（2）升高
Theriverisrisingaftertherain.
雨后河水涨了。
Priceshaverisensteadilyduringthepastdecade.
过去十年间物价一直在上涨。
（3）起床；立起；站起来
（4）晋升
rise，raise和lift辨析：
三个词都有“升起、抬高”的意思。
lift举起，抬起。常指将物体，尤其是重物，从地面或较低的位置抬高或举起，是及物动词。
Heliftedtheheavyboxforme.
他帮我提起了那个重箱子。
raise举起，升起，抬高，提高。是及物动词。可与lift互换，但raise强调动作的姿势；此外它还有把某物“竖起来”的意思。还可用在抽象的譬喻性质的短语里。
raiseone’svoice提高嗓门
raiseprices提高价格
raiselivingstandards提高生活水平
Thenationalflagisraisedeverymorning.
每天早晨升国旗。
rise升起，上涨，站起来。是不及物动词。常指由低而高的变化过程。
ThenextmorningIwasthefirsttorise.
第二天早上，我是第一个起床的。
4.seem用法归纳
（1）似乎，好像（vi.）
①seem+不定式的一般形式
Heseemstolikethebirthdaypresentverymuch.
他似乎很喜欢这份生日礼物。
②seem+不定式的完成形式
Weseemtohaveseenyousomewherebefore.
我们似乎在哪里见到过你。
③seem+不定式的进行形式
Severalpeopleinthecrowdseemedtobefighting.
人群中似乎有几人正在打架。
（2）看来，似乎是（什么样子）（link-v.）
①seem+形容词
Thedoctorseemsverycapable.
看来这个医生很能干。
②seem+分词
Hisfirstmemoriesseemedconnectedwithwork.
他的第一记忆似乎与工作相连。
③seem+名词
Itseemsapleasantcity.
看来这是一个令人愉快的城市。
④seem+介词短语
Youseeminhighspiritstoday，Mary.
玛丽，看来你今天兴致挺高的。
（3）用于下面结构
①Itseems/seemedthat...
Itseemsthattheyarelookingforsomething.
他们仿佛在寻找什么东西。
Itseemedtohimthathehadneverworkedsohardinhislife.
他似乎一辈子都没有这么努力地工作过。
Itdoesn’tseemthatwecangetourmoneyback.
=Itseemsthatwecannotgetourmoneyback.
看来我们的钱弄不回来了。
②Itseems/seemedasif....
Itseemsasiftheweatherisimproving.看来天要好转了。
③Thereseems（tobe）....
Thereseemstobenoworkforyoutodohere.
看来这儿没有工作需要你做了。
5.injure
injure，hurt和wound辨析：
injure伤害，损害（感情），毁坏（名誉）。常指各种性质的身体上或精神上的伤害，常用于意外受伤。是及物动词。
IhopeIdidn’tinjureherfeelings.
我希望我没有伤害她的感情。
Thefootballplayerwasinjuredinhisrightleg.
那位足球选手的右腿受了伤。
hurt伤害。没有injure正式，常用于口语。可用于指大、小伤害，也可指精神上的痛苦或感情上的伤害，可用作及物或不及物动词。
Hehurthisfootwhenjumpingoverthefence.
他在跳篱笆时伤了脚。
Hiswordshurtme.
他的话伤了我的心。
Myheadhurtsbadly.
我头疼得厉害。
wound受伤，伤害，损害。一般指打伤、刀伤等外伤，尤指战场上负伤；还可用于比喻，指精神上的创伤。是及物动词。
Thesoldierswoundedinthebattleweretakencareofbythenurse.
战斗中受伤的战士们由护士在照料。
Hefeltwoundedinhishonour.
他觉得他的荣誉受到伤害。
Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars(Period3 Learning
Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars
Period3 Learningaboutlanguage:Grammar
整体设计
教材分析
Thisisthethirdteachingperiodofthisunit.Totestwhetherstudentshavegraspedtheimportantanddifficultlanguagepointstheylearnedinthelastperiod,theteachershouldfirstofferthemsomerevisionexercises.Thenleadinthenewlesson.
Thisteachingperiodmainlydealswiththefollowing:1.Reviewingnounclausesastheobjectandasthepredicative;2.Learningthenewgrammaritems:nounclausesasthesubject.Studentsoftenfeelnounclausesabstractanddifficulttolearn,soitisnecessarytomakethelessoninterestingandlively,andconnectitwiththeirdailylifeinordertoletiteasytoacceptandunderstand.Firstly,theteachercanaskstudentstoreadthepassageHOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHagain,tickoutallthesentencesfromthepassagewherenounclausesareusedasthesubject,andthentranslatethemintoChinese.Secondly,compareanddiscovertheusesofeachnounclausebygivingalotofexamplesentences.Thirdly,dotheexercisesinDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage29andmoreexercisesforstudentstomastertherelatednounclauses.Finally,summarizetheuseofnounclausesasthesubjectandletstudentsmakeitclearhoweachnounclauseisbeingusedinthesituations.
Attheendoftheclass,askstudentstodotheexercisesinUsingstructuresonPage64andmoreadditionalexercisesforconsolidation.
教学重点
Getstudentstounderstandandusenounclausesasthesubject.
教学难点
Enablestudentstolearnhowtousenounclausesasthesubjectcorrectly.
三维目标
知识目标
1.Getstudentstoknowmoreaboutnounclauses.
2.Letstudentslearnnounclausesasthesubject.
Whatitwastobecomewasamystery...
...itwasnotclearwhetherthesolidshapewastolastornot.
能力目标
Enablestudentstousenounclausesasthesubjectcorrectlyandproperlyaccordingtothecontext.
情感目标
1.Getstudentstobecomeinterestedingrammarlearning.
2.Developstudents’senseofgroupcooperation.
教学过程
设计方案（一）
→Step1Revision
1.Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2.Dictatesomenewwordsandexpressions.
3.Translatethefollowingsentences.
1)你早晚会来的。
2)我的车与你的不一样。
3)他总是第一个来,最后一个走。
4)他来不来还不清楚。
5)我们的成败取决于是否每个人都努力工作。
6)我们必须采取措施防止这种疾病的蔓延。
Suggestedanswers:
1)Youwillcomehereintime.
2)Mycarisdifferentfromyours.
3)Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttogo.
4)Itisnotclearwhetherhecomesornot.
5)Oursuccessdependsonwhethereveryoneworkshardornot.
6)Wemusttakeactionstopreventthisdisease(from)spreading.
→Step2Preparation
Showsomesentencesonthescreen.Askstudentstoreadeachofthemandthenfindoutitssubject.
Atreehasfallenacrosstheroad.
Youareastudent.
Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.
Smokingisbadforyou.
“Howdoyoudo?”isagreeting.
Whatshesaidisnotyetknown.
Thatweshallbelateiscertain.
It’scertainthatweshallbelate.
→Step3Grammarlearning
1.Readinganddiscovering
AskstudentstoturnbacktoPage25toreadthroughthereadingpassageandfindallthesentenceswherenounclausesareusedasthesubjectandunderlinethem.ThentranslatethemintoChinese.
Suggestedanswers:
1)Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.
地球会变成什么（样子）,直到45亿至38亿年前这个云团变成一个固体的球状物,才确定下来。
2)Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.
地球变得激烈动荡,不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。
3)Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.
更重要的是,随着地球的冷却,地球的表面就开始出现了水。
4)Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.
水对于生命的发展会起关键作用,这一点在当时并不明显。
5)Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.
很多科学家相信,由于地球上长期有水存在,使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。
6)Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.
为什么他们突然消失了,至今还是个谜。
7)Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.
所以,在未来的数百万年中,生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。
2.Thinkinganddiscussing
Letstudentsreadaloudthesentencestheypickedout,thinkoveranddiscusswithapartnerhoweachofthesenounclausesisbeingusedinthesituations.Ifstudentshavesomedifficulty,givethemahand.
3.Summingup:nounclausesasthesubject.
主语从句
作主语用的名词性从句,因其在复合句中作主语,又称主语从句。
（1）连接词:
1)从属连词that,whether等。
that引导主语从句只起引导作用,本身无实际意义,在主语从句中不充当任何成分,但不能省略。
Thatshelefthimcuthimtotheheart.
她的离开使他很伤心。
由whether引导的主语从句放在句首、句末都可。
Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay./Itisnoteasytosaywhetheritwillpleasethem.
很难说这会不会使他们高兴。
2)连接代词who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever等。
Whatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.
对某些人看来很容易的事,对另外一些人可能很困难。
3)连接副词when,where,how,why等。
Whyhediditremainsamystery.
他为什么做那件事依然是个谜。
（2）位置
主语从句可以前置,也可以后置。用it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在句末,常用下面几种句型:
1)It+be+表语+主语从句
Itisstilluncertainwhetherheiscomingornot.
他是不是来还没有确定。
2)It+不及物动词+主语从句
Ithappensthattheywereabsent.
他们碰巧缺席了。
3)It+及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句
IthasbeendecidedthattheexhibitionwillnotopenonSundays.
现经决定展览会星期日不开放。
注意:
1)主语从句在句首时,必须由连接词引导,不能省略这些连接词;但是如果用it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在句末时,从属连词that可以省略。
他们相互喜爱是很自然的。
误:Theyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.
正:Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.
正:Itisnatural(that)theyshouldlikeeachother.
2)如果主语从句放在句首,不能用if引导;但是如果用it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在句末时,也可以用if引导。
玛丽是不是真听见他了,很值得怀疑。
误:IfMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.
正:WhetherMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.
正:Itwasdoubtfulwhether/ifMaryreallyheardhim.
→Step4Grammarpractice
1.TurntoPage29.AskstudentstodoExercise2andExercise3inDiscoveringusefulstructures.Firstletthemfinishthemindividually.Thenchecktheanswerswiththewholeclass.Givesomeexplanationsifnecessary.
2.TurntoPage64.AskstudentstodoExercise1andExercise2.Checktheanswersaftermostofthemfinish.
→Step5Discussion
Letstudentshaveadiscussioningroups.Thetopicis“Myproblem”.Onetalksabouttheproblemsinhisstudyorlife.Theothersshouldgivesomeadviceorsuggestions.Remindstudentstousethefollowingstructures:
(Showthefollowingonthescreentohelpstudents.)
Thefactis/Itisafactthat...
Thedifficultyis.../WhatIfinddifficultis...
Thetroubleis.../Whatworriesmeis...
Mysuggestionis.../WhatIwouldsuggestis...
Myadviceis.../WhatIwouldadviseis...
Ithinkthat.../WhatIthinkis...
Iwanttotellyouthat.../WhatIwanttosayis...
→Step6Closingdownbyaquiz
Showthefollowingexercisesonthescreen.Letstudentsfinishthemwithinthreeminutes.Threeminuteslater,checktheanswerswiththewholeclass.
1.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn’tmatter______________thatI’mtalkingto.
A.whoisitB.whoitisC.itiswhoD.itiswhom
2.Itisprettywellunderstood______________controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.
A.that
B.when
C.what
D.how
3.______________madetheschoolproudwas______________morethan90％ofstudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.
A.What;because
B.What;that
C.That;what
D.That;because
4.______________teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenationalchampionship.
A.Nomatterwhat
B.Nomatterwhich
C.Whatever
D.Whichever
5.______________isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.
A.As
B.That
C.This
D.It
6.______________Ican’tunderstandis______________hechangedhismind.
A.That;that
B.What;why
C.Which;how
D.That;why
Suggestedanswers:BCBDDB
→Step7Homework
1.Finishofftheworkbookexercises.
2.PreviewthereadingpassageAVISITTOTHEMOONonPage30,findthesentencesinwhichnounclausesareused,andseeifyoucanunderstandthem.
设计方案（二）
→Step1Revision
1.Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.
1)太阳系
2)及时;终于
3)下蛋
4)产生;分娩
5)轮到某人;接着
6)总有一天我会遇见他。
7)都市生活与乡村生活是非常不同的。
8)他们不应该允许在这条街上停车,街道太窄了。
9)他的心脏病痛没能阻止他第二天去上课。
10)在未来的数百万年中,生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。
Suggestedanswers:
1)solarsystem
2)intime
3)layeggs
4)givebirthto
5)inone’sturn
6)I’llseehimintime.
7)Citylifeisquitedifferentfromcountrylife.
8)Theyshouldn’tallowparkinginthisstreet.It’stoonarrow.
9)Hishearttroubledidnotpreventhim(from)goingtoclassthenextday.
10)Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.
→Step2Warmingupbyagame
Letstudentsworkinpairs.Onetalksabouttheproblemsinhisstudyorlife.Theothershouldgivesomeadviceorsuggestions.Encouragethemtousewhat-clausesasthesubject.
Example:
S1:WhatIfinddifficultis.../Whatworriesmeis...
S2:WhatIwouldsuggestis.../WhatIwouldadviseis...
→Step3Discoveringusefulstructures
Askstudentstofindoutthesentencescontainingnounclausesasthesubjectinthereadingpassageandunderlinethem.ThentranslatethemintoChinese.
→Step4Learningtheuseofnounclausesasthesubject
1.AskstudentstoturntoPage92andlearnpart3TheSubjectClausebythemselves.
2.Encouragethemtoaskasmanyquestionsaspossible.Givethemexplanationsifnecessary.
3.Letthemdosomeadditionalexercises.
4.Sumup.
→Step5Practice
Askstudentstofinishthefollowingexerciseswithin10minutes.Thenchecktheanswerswiththewholeclass.
1.Exercises2and3inDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage13.
2.Exercise1inUsingstructuresonPage64.
→Step6Consolidation
Letstudentsworkinpairstomakesentenceswithnounclausesasthesubjecttofillintheblanks.
1.What_____________________________isastronomy.
2.When_____________________________hasn’tbeendecodedyet.
3.Whether_____________________________dependsonyourbehavior.
4.How_____________________________isapersonaldecision.
5.Why_____________________________apuzzletous.
6.It’sfunnythat_____________________________.
7.Itworriesusthat_____________________________.
8.Itappearsthat_____________________________.
→Step7Homework
1.FinishofftheWorkbookexercises.
2.Makeuseofdifferentlearningresourcestohaveaninquirystudyofthesubjectclause,andsummarizetherulesofit.
板书设计
Unit4 Astronomy:thescienceofthestars
Grammar:nounclausesasthesubject
连接词例句
从属连词:that,whetherThatshelefthimcuthimtotheheart.
Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.
连接代词:who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whicheverWhatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.
连接副词:when,where,how,whyWhyhediditremainsamystery.
it作形式主语
It+be+表语+主语从句Itisstilluncertainwhetherheiscomingornot.
It+不及物动词+主语从句Ithappensthattheywereabsent.
It+及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句IthasbeendecidedthattheexhibitionwillnotopenonSundays.
活动与探究
SupposeyouaretodesignanactivityforyourschoolonEarthDay,whichisintendedtocallonteachersandstudentstoprotecttheearth.Workingroupsandchooseareporterofyourgrouptoreportyourwork.Thefollowingpointsshouldbeincludedinthereportofyouractivity:
whattheactivityisabout;
whytheactivityisdesigned;
whenandwheretodotheactivity;
whotakespartintheactivity;
whattobedoneintheactivity.
Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars(Period5 Using&nb
一名优秀的教师在教学方面无论做什么事都有计划和准备，高中教师要准备好教案，这是老师职责的一部分。教案可以让学生们充分体会到学习的快乐，帮助高中教师掌握上课时的教学节奏。高中教案的内容具体要怎样写呢？以下是小编为大家精心整理的“Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars(Period5 Using&nb”，大家不妨来参考。希望您能喜欢！
Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars
Period5 Usinglanguage:Extensivereading
整体设计
教材分析
Thisisthefifthteachingperiodofthisunit.Asusual,theteachershouldcheckstudents’homeworkandofferchancesforthemtogooverwhattheylearnedinthelastperiodatthebeginningoftheclass.Thenleadinthenewlesson.
Inthisperiod,theteachingemphasiswillbeputondevelopingstudents’readingabilitybyreadingextensively.Wewilldealwithtwoparts:AVISITTOTHEMOONinUsinglanguageonPages30-31andCAUGHTBYABLACKHOLEinReadingTaskonPage66.Whilereading,getstudentslearningtousesomereadingstrategiessuchasskimming,scanning,andsoon.Astonewwordsandphrases,theteachercanfirstfindthosestudentsfeelmostdifficultandhelpthemtounderstand.That’senoughhere.ThereadingpassageAVISITTOTHEMOONisasciencefictionstorywhichimagineswhatitmightbelikeifanastronautvisitedthemoon.Thepurposeofsciencefictionwritingistocombinefactswithastorytomakestudentsinterestedandexcitedabouttravelinspace.Itisalsotostimulateaweandwonderintothevastnessofspace.Asthisreadingusestheinformationstudentshavegainedfromthelistening,theteachercanfirstasksomestudentstoretellthelisteningtexttoleadinthetopicandthenaskstudentstoreadthepassageanddosomecomprehendingexercises.Whilecheckingtheiranswerswiththewholeclass,dealwithlanguageproblemsstudentscan’tworkoutbythemselves.Thisisanextensivereadinglesson,sotheteachingstepsshouldbesimple.AstothepassageCAUGHTBYABLACKHOLE,itistocontinuetheabovestory.Theastronomersinthestoryvisitaplaceinspace,whichseemsimpossibleforpeopletoreach,the“blackhole”.Itistohelpstudentsimaginewhatitislikeneara“blackhole”.Askstudentstoreadthroughthepassageandtrytoknowmoreaboutastronomyandgravity.
Attheendoftheclass,askstudentstoretellthetwopassages.Inordertoarousestudents’interest,theteachercanholdacompetitionamongthem.
教学重点
1.Developstudents’readingskillsbyextensivereading.
2.Letstudentsreadandunderstandthetwopassages.
教学难点
1.Enablestudentstolearntousereadingstrategiessuchasskimming,scanning,andsoon.
2.Getstudentstounderstandthesciencefictionstoriesinthisunit.
三维目标
知识目标
1.Getstudentstolearnsomeusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispart:spaceship,pull,float,mass,cheerup,nowthat,breakout
2.Getstudentstoreadthesciencefictionstories.
能力目标
1.Developstudents’readingskillsbyextensivereadingandenablethemtolearnhowtousedifferentreadingskillstoreaddifferentreadingmaterials.
2.Havestudentslearntousetheusefulnewwordsandexpressionscorrectly.
3.Enablestudentstounderstandthepassagesandknowmoreaboutastronomyandgravity.
情感目标
1.Stimulatestudents’interestinastronomyandspacetravel.
2.Developstudents’senseofgroupcooperationandteamwork.
教学过程
→Step1Revision
1.Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2.Asksomepairsofstudentstocometothefrontandactouttheirdialoguetoreviewtheexpressionsofgivinginstructions.
3.HavesomestudentstalkaboutIsaacNewton,AlbertEinsteinandStephenHawkingaswellastheirideasongravity.
→Step2Warmingup
Letstudentstobrainstormthefollowingquestions:
Whatcountryfirstsentpeopleintospace?
Howmanycountrieshavesucceededinsendingpeopleintospacesofar?
Whofirstlandedonthemoon?
WhoisthefirstChineseastronauttogointospace?
Doyouwanttovisitthemoon?
→Step3Reading
1.AskstudentstoreadthepassageandthendescribethethreewaysinwhichgravitychangedforLiYanpingandhowhisweightchanged.
1)WritedownthethreewaysinwhichgravitychangedforLiYanping.
Thewaygravitychanged
Lefttheearth
Inspace
Onthemoon
Suggestedanswers:
Thewaygravitychanged
LefttheearthThegravitybecameverystrong.
InspaceThegravitydisappeared.
OnthemoonThegravitybecameverylight.
2)Hisweightchangedthreetimes,too.Nowwritethemdown.
Howhisweightchanged
Lefttheearth
Inspace
Onthemoon
Suggestedanswers:
Howhisweightchanged
LefttheearthHebecameveryheavy.
InspaceHehadnoweightandcouldfloataroundlikeafeather.
OnthemoonHewasaboutone-sixthofhisweightontheearth.
2.Askstudentstoreadthepassagealoudtothetapeandunderlinealltheusefulexpressionsorcollocationsinthepassage.Letstudentsreadthemaloudandcopythemdownintheirexercisebookafterclassashomework.Trytokeeptheminmind.
Collocations:beluckyenoughtodo,haveachance,makeatripintospace,explainsth.tosb.,theforceofgravity,beoff,thepulloftheearth’sgravity,fallbacktotheearth,falltotheground,toofarfromtheearth,asif,atall,getcloseto,cheerup,comeon,lessthan,downthesteps,stepforward,twiceasfaras,fallover,abitof,nowthat,afterawhile,getthehangof,breakout,ontheoutsideof,bepushedinto
→Step4Importantlanguagepoints
1.Beforeweleft,LiYanpingexplainedtomethattheforceofgravitywouldchangethreetimesonourjourneyandthatthefirstchangewouldbethemostpowerful.
在启程以前,李彦平向我解释说,在我们的航行中会有三次引力的改变,而第一次的改变将是最强的。
句子中thattheforceofgravitywouldchangethreetimesonourjourneyandthatthefirstchangewouldbethemostpowerful是两个并列的that引导的宾语从句,作动词explain的宾语。一个动词若带两个宾语从句,第二个引导词that一般不省略。例如:
Thegirlstoldhim(that)theywereonatraintripacrossCanadaandthattheyhadonlyonedayinMontreal.
姑娘们告诉他,她们乘火车来旅游,要横穿加拿大,在蒙特利尔待一天。
Iunderstandnotonly(that)youhavestudiedChinesebutalsothatyouhavewrittenChinesepoetry.
我知道,你不仅学了中文,而且还写中文诗。
2.Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger.
我立刻感到很高兴,由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去,我望着（身后的）地球越来越小,而（前方的）月球越来越大。
watchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger是现在分词短语,在句中作状语。
cheer(sb.)up:(causesb.to)becomehappierormorecheerful欢呼;喝彩;感到高兴;使高兴
Tryandcheerupabit;lifeisn’tthatbad!
想办法高兴点,生活并不是那么糟！
Thecrowdcheeredupwhentheysawtheteamarrive.
当看到球队的到来,人群欢呼起来。
Hetookhertotheconcerttocheerherup.
他带她去听音乐会来使她高兴。
watch...do/doing观看,注视
Wewatchedthesunsettingbehindthetrees.
我们看着太阳正在树后面落下。
Everydayastheywatchedtheplantgrow,theirheartsfilledwithhope.
每一天当他们看到植物生长,他们的心里都充满了希望。
3.“Ohdear,”Icried,“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”
“天哪,”我大声说,“重力改变了,看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”
now(that)...:becauseofthefact(that)...既然……;由于……
Now(that)everybodyishere,wecanbeginthemeeting.
既然每个人都到了,我们就可以开始会议。
Now(that)youareabigboyyoumustbehavebetter.
由于你是一个大男孩,你就必须行为表现得更好。
4.Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.
我们惊奇地看着,随着地球引力的增加,宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。
句子中的asfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceship和astheearth’sgravityincreased均为as引导的状语从句。
amazed是过去分词,在此处作状语。
Hecameinunnoticed.
他神不知鬼不觉地走了进来。
Manyheroeslieburiedinthechurchyard.
许多英雄埋葬在教堂的墓地里。
breakout:(ofviolentevents)startsuddenly（指激烈事件,如战争、火灾、疫情等）突然发生;爆发
Firebrokeoutduringthenight.
夜间突然发生了火灾。
Warbrokeoutin1939.
战争爆发于1939年。
Aquarrelbrokeoutsuddenlyatmidnight.
在深夜,突然有人吵架。
→Step5Readingtask
TurntoPage66.
1.Askstudentstoreadthepassageandanswerthetwoquestions.
1)Canablackholebeseen?Howdoyouknowit’sablackhole?
2)Whathappenedtothespaceshipfromthebeginningtotheend?
Suggestedanswers:
1)No,itcan’tbeseen.Youcanseethingsdisappearintowhatappearstobeemptyspace.
2)Atfirstthelightsonthespaceshipwentoutandthecomputerstoppedworking.Thenthespaceshipjumpedandbegantomovearoundtheedgeoftheoutsideofthehole.
Asthespaceshipmovedaroundthehole,itbegantogofasterandfaster.
Butthenthespaceshipjumpedagain,anditmovedsidewaysfromtheblackhole.Itbegantoincreaseitsspeeduntilitseemedtobegoingasfastaslight.
Atlastthespaceshipsloweddownandthecomputerstartedworkingagain.
2.Letstudentsreadthepassageagainanddothefollowing:
Supposeyouareascientistreadingthispassage.Usethischecklisttodiscoverthenewideasabout“blackholes”.Thenwritethemfortheotherscientiststoreadabout.
Oldideasabout“blackholes”Wasthiswhatwefound?Newideasabout“blackholes”
1.Blackholescannotbeseen.
2.Gravitypullsobjectstowardsthem.
3.Objectsgoroundoutsidetheedgeofthe“blackhole”.
4.Allobjectsmustgointothe“blackhole”whentheyarecaughtbyitsgravity.
3.Severalminuteslater,showtheanswersonthescreenandcheckthemwiththewholeclass.Atthesametime,dealwithanydifficultlanguagepointsthatstudentscan’tunderstand.
Suggestedanswers:
Oldideasabout“blackholes”Wasthiswhatwefound?Newideasabout“blackholes”
1.Blackholescannotbeseen.Yes
2.Gravitypullsobjectstowardsthem.Yes
3.Objectsgoroundoutsidetheedgeofthe“blackhole”.Yes
4.Allobjectsmustgointothe“blackhole”whentheyarecaughtbyitsgravity.YesTheycanbethrownfarfromthe“blackhole”bytheenergyinthe“blackhole”.
→Step6Consolidation
Askstudentstogobacktothetwopassages.Givethemseveralminutestobepreparedtoretellthewholestoryintheirownwords.Thenaskasmanystudentsaspossibletocometothefronttotellthestory.
→Step7Homework
1.FinishofftheWorkbookexercises.
2.Learntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispartbyheart.
3.Tellthestorytoyourfriendsorfamily.
板书设计
Unit4 Astronomy:thescienceofthestars
ExtensiveReading
AVISITTOTHEMOON
1)WritedownthethreewaysinwhichgravitychangedforLiYanping.
Thewaygravitychanged
LefttheearthThegravitybecameverystrong.
InspaceThegravitydisappeared.
OnthemoonThegravitybecameverylight.
2)Hisweightchangedthreetimes,too.Nowwritethemdown.
Howhisweightchanged
LefttheearthHebecameveryheavy.
InspaceHehadnoweightandcouldfloataroundlikeafeather.
OnthemoonHewasaboutone-sixthofhisweightontheearth.
活动与探究
GotothelibraryandsurftheInternettofindasmuchinformationasyoucanaboutspaceandthemoon.Andyouareexpectedtopresentittoyourteacherandclassmatesinthenextclass.
